[wasm] Implement GC support. Embedder must provide main loop pumping function request...
[mono.git] / mono / sgen / sgen-gc.c
index ed48b8eb66507c46d5a7003237ee1b68f6cb257d..4c3454823fdd42c2f5e0073a87f650601d6b84bf 100644 (file)
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <glib.h>
 
 #include "mono/sgen/sgen-gc.h"
 #include "mono/sgen/sgen-cardtable.h"
 
 #include <mono/utils/memcheck.h>
 #include <mono/utils/mono-mmap-internals.h>
+#include <mono/utils/unlocked.h>
 
 #undef pthread_create
 #undef pthread_join
@@ -236,6 +238,9 @@ static gboolean do_dump_nursery_content = FALSE;
 static gboolean enable_nursery_canaries = FALSE;
 
 static gboolean precleaning_enabled = TRUE;
+static gboolean dynamic_nursery = FALSE;
+static size_t min_nursery_size = 0;
+static size_t max_nursery_size = 0;
 
 #ifdef HEAVY_STATISTICS
 guint64 stat_objects_alloced_degraded = 0;
@@ -279,7 +284,8 @@ static guint64 time_major_pre_collection_fragment_clear = 0;
 static guint64 time_major_pinning = 0;
 static guint64 time_major_scan_pinned = 0;
 static guint64 time_major_scan_roots = 0;
-static guint64 time_major_scan_mod_union = 0;
+static guint64 time_major_scan_mod_union_blocks = 0;
+static guint64 time_major_scan_mod_union_los = 0;
 static guint64 time_major_finish_gray_stack = 0;
 static guint64 time_major_free_bigobjs = 0;
 static guint64 time_major_los_sweep = 0;
@@ -288,8 +294,8 @@ static guint64 time_major_fragment_creation = 0;
 
 static guint64 time_max = 0;
 
-static int sgen_max_pause_time = SGEN_MAX_PAUSE_TIME;
-static float sgen_max_pause_margin = SGEN_MAX_PAUSE_MARGIN;
+static int sgen_max_pause_time = SGEN_DEFAULT_MAX_PAUSE_TIME;
+static float sgen_max_pause_margin = SGEN_DEFAULT_MAX_PAUSE_MARGIN;
 
 static SGEN_TV_DECLARE (time_major_conc_collection_start);
 static SGEN_TV_DECLARE (time_major_conc_collection_end);
@@ -331,14 +337,26 @@ nursery_canaries_enabled (void)
 
 #define safe_object_get_size   sgen_safe_object_get_size
 
-#if defined(HAVE_CONC_GC_AS_DEFAULT)
-/* Use concurrent major on deskstop platforms */
-#define DEFAULT_MAJOR_INIT sgen_marksweep_conc_init
-#define DEFAULT_MAJOR_NAME "marksweep-conc"
-#else
-#define DEFAULT_MAJOR_INIT sgen_marksweep_init
-#define DEFAULT_MAJOR_NAME "marksweep"
-#endif
+typedef enum {
+       SGEN_MAJOR_DEFAULT,
+       SGEN_MAJOR_SERIAL,
+       SGEN_MAJOR_CONCURRENT,
+       SGEN_MAJOR_CONCURRENT_PARALLEL
+} SgenMajor;
+
+typedef enum {
+       SGEN_MINOR_DEFAULT,
+       SGEN_MINOR_SIMPLE,
+       SGEN_MINOR_SIMPLE_PARALLEL,
+       SGEN_MINOR_SPLIT
+} SgenMinor;
+
+typedef enum {
+       SGEN_MODE_NONE,
+       SGEN_MODE_BALANCED,
+       SGEN_MODE_THROUGHPUT,
+       SGEN_MODE_PAUSE
+} SgenMode;
 
 /*
  * ######################################################################
@@ -432,7 +450,7 @@ sgen_workers_get_job_gray_queue (WorkerData *worker_data, SgenGrayQueue *default
 static void
 gray_queue_redirect (SgenGrayQueue *queue)
 {
-       sgen_workers_take_from_queue (queue);
+       sgen_workers_take_from_queue (current_collection_generation, queue);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1257,7 +1275,8 @@ init_stats (void)
        mono_counters_register ("Major pinning", MONO_COUNTER_GC | MONO_COUNTER_ULONG | MONO_COUNTER_TIME, &time_major_pinning);
        mono_counters_register ("Major scan pinned", MONO_COUNTER_GC | MONO_COUNTER_ULONG | MONO_COUNTER_TIME, &time_major_scan_pinned);
        mono_counters_register ("Major scan roots", MONO_COUNTER_GC | MONO_COUNTER_ULONG | MONO_COUNTER_TIME, &time_major_scan_roots);
-       mono_counters_register ("Major scan mod union", MONO_COUNTER_GC | MONO_COUNTER_ULONG | MONO_COUNTER_TIME, &time_major_scan_mod_union);
+       mono_counters_register ("Major scan mod union blocks", MONO_COUNTER_GC | MONO_COUNTER_ULONG | MONO_COUNTER_TIME, &time_major_scan_mod_union_blocks);
+       mono_counters_register ("Major scan mod union los", MONO_COUNTER_GC | MONO_COUNTER_ULONG | MONO_COUNTER_TIME, &time_major_scan_mod_union_los);
        mono_counters_register ("Major finish gray stack", MONO_COUNTER_GC | MONO_COUNTER_ULONG | MONO_COUNTER_TIME, &time_major_finish_gray_stack);
        mono_counters_register ("Major free big objects", MONO_COUNTER_GC | MONO_COUNTER_ULONG | MONO_COUNTER_TIME, &time_major_free_bigobjs);
        mono_counters_register ("Major LOS sweep", MONO_COUNTER_GC | MONO_COUNTER_ULONG | MONO_COUNTER_TIME, &time_major_los_sweep);
@@ -1338,7 +1357,8 @@ typedef struct {
 
 typedef struct {
        ScanJob scan_job;
-       int job_index;
+       int job_index, job_split_count;
+       int data;
 } ParallelScanJob;
 
 static ScanCopyContext
@@ -1353,7 +1373,7 @@ scan_copy_context_for_scan_job (void *worker_data_untyped, ScanJob *job)
                 * object ops changes, like forced concurrent finish.
                 */
                SGEN_ASSERT (0, sgen_workers_is_worker_thread (mono_native_thread_id_get ()), "We need a context for the scan job");
-               job->ops = sgen_workers_get_idle_func_object_ops ();
+               job->ops = sgen_workers_get_idle_func_object_ops (worker_data);
        }
 
        return CONTEXT_FROM_OBJECT_OPERATIONS (job->ops, sgen_workers_get_job_gray_queue (worker_data, job->gc_thread_gray_queue));
@@ -1422,9 +1442,12 @@ job_scan_major_card_table (void *worker_data_untyped, SgenThreadPoolJob *job)
        ScanCopyContext ctx = scan_copy_context_for_scan_job (worker_data_untyped, (ScanJob*)job_data);
 
        SGEN_TV_GETTIME (atv);
-       major_collector.scan_card_table (CARDTABLE_SCAN_GLOBAL, ctx, job_data->job_index, sgen_workers_get_job_split_count ());
+       major_collector.scan_card_table (CARDTABLE_SCAN_GLOBAL, ctx, job_data->job_index, job_data->job_split_count, job_data->data);
        SGEN_TV_GETTIME (btv);
        time_minor_scan_major_blocks += SGEN_TV_ELAPSED (atv, btv);
+
+       if (worker_data_untyped)
+               ((WorkerData*)worker_data_untyped)->major_scan_time += SGEN_TV_ELAPSED (atv, btv);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1436,51 +1459,82 @@ job_scan_los_card_table (void *worker_data_untyped, SgenThreadPoolJob *job)
        ScanCopyContext ctx = scan_copy_context_for_scan_job (worker_data_untyped, (ScanJob*)job_data);
 
        SGEN_TV_GETTIME (atv);
-       sgen_los_scan_card_table (CARDTABLE_SCAN_GLOBAL, ctx, job_data->job_index, sgen_workers_get_job_split_count ());
+       sgen_los_scan_card_table (CARDTABLE_SCAN_GLOBAL, ctx, job_data->job_index, job_data->job_split_count);
        SGEN_TV_GETTIME (btv);
        time_minor_scan_los += SGEN_TV_ELAPSED (atv, btv);
+
+       if (worker_data_untyped)
+               ((WorkerData*)worker_data_untyped)->los_scan_time += SGEN_TV_ELAPSED (atv, btv);
 }
 
 static void
 job_scan_major_mod_union_card_table (void *worker_data_untyped, SgenThreadPoolJob *job)
 {
+       SGEN_TV_DECLARE (atv);
+       SGEN_TV_DECLARE (btv);
        ParallelScanJob *job_data = (ParallelScanJob*)job;
        ScanCopyContext ctx = scan_copy_context_for_scan_job (worker_data_untyped, (ScanJob*)job_data);
 
        g_assert (concurrent_collection_in_progress);
-       major_collector.scan_card_table (CARDTABLE_SCAN_MOD_UNION, ctx, job_data->job_index, sgen_workers_get_job_split_count ());
+       SGEN_TV_GETTIME (atv);
+       major_collector.scan_card_table (CARDTABLE_SCAN_MOD_UNION, ctx, job_data->job_index, job_data->job_split_count, job_data->data);
+       SGEN_TV_GETTIME (btv);
+       time_major_scan_mod_union_blocks += SGEN_TV_ELAPSED (atv, btv);
+
+       if (worker_data_untyped)
+               ((WorkerData*)worker_data_untyped)->major_scan_time += SGEN_TV_ELAPSED (atv, btv);
 }
 
 static void
 job_scan_los_mod_union_card_table (void *worker_data_untyped, SgenThreadPoolJob *job)
 {
+       SGEN_TV_DECLARE (atv);
+       SGEN_TV_DECLARE (btv);
        ParallelScanJob *job_data = (ParallelScanJob*)job;
        ScanCopyContext ctx = scan_copy_context_for_scan_job (worker_data_untyped, (ScanJob*)job_data);
 
        g_assert (concurrent_collection_in_progress);
-       sgen_los_scan_card_table (CARDTABLE_SCAN_MOD_UNION, ctx, job_data->job_index, sgen_workers_get_job_split_count ());
+       SGEN_TV_GETTIME (atv);
+       sgen_los_scan_card_table (CARDTABLE_SCAN_MOD_UNION, ctx, job_data->job_index, job_data->job_split_count);
+       SGEN_TV_GETTIME (btv);
+       time_major_scan_mod_union_los += SGEN_TV_ELAPSED (atv, btv);
+
+       if (worker_data_untyped)
+               ((WorkerData*)worker_data_untyped)->los_scan_time += SGEN_TV_ELAPSED (atv, btv);
 }
 
 static void
 job_major_mod_union_preclean (void *worker_data_untyped, SgenThreadPoolJob *job)
 {
+       SGEN_TV_DECLARE (atv);
+       SGEN_TV_DECLARE (btv);
        ParallelScanJob *job_data = (ParallelScanJob*)job;
        ScanCopyContext ctx = scan_copy_context_for_scan_job (worker_data_untyped, (ScanJob*)job_data);
 
        g_assert (concurrent_collection_in_progress);
+       SGEN_TV_GETTIME (atv);
+       major_collector.scan_card_table (CARDTABLE_SCAN_MOD_UNION_PRECLEAN, ctx, job_data->job_index, job_data->job_split_count, job_data->data);
+       SGEN_TV_GETTIME (btv);
 
-       major_collector.scan_card_table (CARDTABLE_SCAN_MOD_UNION_PRECLEAN, ctx, job_data->job_index, sgen_workers_get_job_split_count ());
+       g_assert (worker_data_untyped);
+       ((WorkerData*)worker_data_untyped)->major_scan_time += SGEN_TV_ELAPSED (atv, btv);
 }
 
 static void
 job_los_mod_union_preclean (void *worker_data_untyped, SgenThreadPoolJob *job)
 {
+       SGEN_TV_DECLARE (atv);
+       SGEN_TV_DECLARE (btv);
        ParallelScanJob *job_data = (ParallelScanJob*)job;
        ScanCopyContext ctx = scan_copy_context_for_scan_job (worker_data_untyped, (ScanJob*)job_data);
 
        g_assert (concurrent_collection_in_progress);
+       SGEN_TV_GETTIME (atv);
+       sgen_los_scan_card_table (CARDTABLE_SCAN_MOD_UNION_PRECLEAN, ctx, job_data->job_index, job_data->job_split_count);
+       SGEN_TV_GETTIME (btv);
 
-       sgen_los_scan_card_table (CARDTABLE_SCAN_MOD_UNION_PRECLEAN, ctx, job_data->job_index, sgen_workers_get_job_split_count ());
+       g_assert (worker_data_untyped);
+       ((WorkerData*)worker_data_untyped)->los_scan_time += SGEN_TV_ELAPSED (atv, btv);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1499,46 +1553,49 @@ workers_finish_callback (void)
 {
        ParallelScanJob *psj;
        ScanJob *sj;
-       int split_count = sgen_workers_get_job_split_count ();
+       size_t num_major_sections = major_collector.get_num_major_sections ();
+       int split_count = sgen_workers_get_job_split_count (GENERATION_OLD);
        int i;
        /* Mod union preclean jobs */
        for (i = 0; i < split_count; i++) {
                psj = (ParallelScanJob*)sgen_thread_pool_job_alloc ("preclean major mod union cardtable", job_major_mod_union_preclean, sizeof (ParallelScanJob));
                psj->scan_job.gc_thread_gray_queue = NULL;
                psj->job_index = i;
-               sgen_workers_enqueue_job (&psj->scan_job.job, TRUE);
+               psj->job_split_count = split_count;
+               psj->data = num_major_sections / split_count;
+               sgen_workers_enqueue_job (GENERATION_OLD, &psj->scan_job.job, TRUE);
        }
 
        for (i = 0; i < split_count; i++) {
                psj = (ParallelScanJob*)sgen_thread_pool_job_alloc ("preclean los mod union cardtable", job_los_mod_union_preclean, sizeof (ParallelScanJob));
                psj->scan_job.gc_thread_gray_queue = NULL;
                psj->job_index = i;
-               sgen_workers_enqueue_job (&psj->scan_job.job, TRUE);
+               psj->job_split_count = split_count;
+               sgen_workers_enqueue_job (GENERATION_OLD, &psj->scan_job.job, TRUE);
        }
 
        sj = (ScanJob*)sgen_thread_pool_job_alloc ("scan last pinned", job_scan_last_pinned, sizeof (ScanJob));
        sj->gc_thread_gray_queue = NULL;
-       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (&sj->job, TRUE);
+       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (GENERATION_OLD, &sj->job, TRUE);
 }
 
 static void
-init_gray_queue (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, gboolean use_workers)
+init_gray_queue (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue)
 {
-       if (use_workers)
-               sgen_workers_init_distribute_gray_queue ();
        sgen_gray_object_queue_init (gc_thread_gray_queue, NULL, TRUE);
 }
 
 static void
 enqueue_scan_remembered_set_jobs (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, SgenObjectOperations *ops, gboolean enqueue)
 {
-       int i, split_count = sgen_workers_get_job_split_count ();
+       int i, split_count = sgen_workers_get_job_split_count (GENERATION_NURSERY);
+       size_t num_major_sections = major_collector.get_num_major_sections ();
        ScanJob *sj;
 
        sj = (ScanJob*)sgen_thread_pool_job_alloc ("scan wbroots", job_scan_wbroots, sizeof (ScanJob));
        sj->ops = ops;
        sj->gc_thread_gray_queue = gc_thread_gray_queue;
-       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (&sj->job, enqueue);
+       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (GENERATION_NURSERY, &sj->job, enqueue);
 
        for (i = 0; i < split_count; i++) {
                ParallelScanJob *psj;
@@ -1547,13 +1604,16 @@ enqueue_scan_remembered_set_jobs (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, SgenObjec
                psj->scan_job.ops = ops;
                psj->scan_job.gc_thread_gray_queue = gc_thread_gray_queue;
                psj->job_index = i;
-               sgen_workers_enqueue_job (&psj->scan_job.job, enqueue);
+               psj->job_split_count = split_count;
+               psj->data = num_major_sections / split_count;
+               sgen_workers_enqueue_job (GENERATION_NURSERY, &psj->scan_job.job, enqueue);
 
                psj = (ParallelScanJob*)sgen_thread_pool_job_alloc ("scan LOS remsets", job_scan_los_card_table, sizeof (ParallelScanJob));
                psj->scan_job.ops = ops;
                psj->scan_job.gc_thread_gray_queue = gc_thread_gray_queue;
                psj->job_index = i;
-               sgen_workers_enqueue_job (&psj->scan_job.job, enqueue);
+               psj->job_split_count = split_count;
+               sgen_workers_enqueue_job (GENERATION_NURSERY, &psj->scan_job.job, enqueue);
        }
 }
 
@@ -1572,7 +1632,7 @@ enqueue_scan_from_roots_jobs (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, char *heap_st
        scrrj->heap_start = heap_start;
        scrrj->heap_end = heap_end;
        scrrj->root_type = ROOT_TYPE_NORMAL;
-       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (&scrrj->scan_job.job, enqueue);
+       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (current_collection_generation, &scrrj->scan_job.job, enqueue);
 
        if (current_collection_generation == GENERATION_OLD) {
                /* During minors we scan the cardtable for these roots instead */
@@ -1582,7 +1642,7 @@ enqueue_scan_from_roots_jobs (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, char *heap_st
                scrrj->heap_start = heap_start;
                scrrj->heap_end = heap_end;
                scrrj->root_type = ROOT_TYPE_WBARRIER;
-               sgen_workers_enqueue_job (&scrrj->scan_job.job, enqueue);
+               sgen_workers_enqueue_job (current_collection_generation, &scrrj->scan_job.job, enqueue);
        }
 
        /* Threads */
@@ -1592,7 +1652,7 @@ enqueue_scan_from_roots_jobs (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, char *heap_st
        stdj->scan_job.gc_thread_gray_queue = gc_thread_gray_queue;
        stdj->heap_start = heap_start;
        stdj->heap_end = heap_end;
-       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (&stdj->scan_job.job, enqueue);
+       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (current_collection_generation, &stdj->scan_job.job, enqueue);
 
        /* Scan the list of objects ready for finalization. */
 
@@ -1600,13 +1660,13 @@ enqueue_scan_from_roots_jobs (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, char *heap_st
        sfej->scan_job.ops = ops;
        sfej->scan_job.gc_thread_gray_queue = gc_thread_gray_queue;
        sfej->queue = &fin_ready_queue;
-       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (&sfej->scan_job.job, enqueue);
+       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (current_collection_generation, &sfej->scan_job.job, enqueue);
 
        sfej = (ScanFinalizerEntriesJob*)sgen_thread_pool_job_alloc ("scan critical finalizer entries", job_scan_finalizer_entries, sizeof (ScanFinalizerEntriesJob));
        sfej->scan_job.ops = ops;
        sfej->scan_job.gc_thread_gray_queue = gc_thread_gray_queue;
        sfej->queue = &critical_fin_queue;
-       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (&sfej->scan_job.job, enqueue);
+       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (current_collection_generation, &sfej->scan_job.job, enqueue);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1622,11 +1682,13 @@ collect_nursery (const char *reason, gboolean is_overflow, SgenGrayQueue *unpin_
        SgenGrayQueue gc_thread_gray_queue;
        SgenObjectOperations *object_ops_nopar, *object_ops_par = NULL;
        ScanCopyContext ctx;
-       int duration;
        TV_DECLARE (atv);
        TV_DECLARE (btv);
        SGEN_TV_DECLARE (last_minor_collection_start_tv);
        SGEN_TV_DECLARE (last_minor_collection_end_tv);
+       guint64 major_scan_start = time_minor_scan_major_blocks;
+       guint64 los_scan_start = time_minor_scan_los;
+       guint64 finish_gray_start = time_minor_finish_gray_stack;
 
        if (disable_minor_collections)
                return TRUE;
@@ -1634,17 +1696,16 @@ collect_nursery (const char *reason, gboolean is_overflow, SgenGrayQueue *unpin_
        TV_GETTIME (last_minor_collection_start_tv);
        atv = last_minor_collection_start_tv;
 
-       binary_protocol_collection_begin (gc_stats.minor_gc_count, GENERATION_NURSERY);
+       binary_protocol_collection_begin (InterlockedRead (&gc_stats.minor_gc_count), GENERATION_NURSERY);
 
-       if (sgen_concurrent_collection_in_progress ()) {
-               /* FIXME Support parallel nursery collections with concurrent major */
-               object_ops_nopar = &sgen_minor_collector.serial_ops_with_concurrent_major;
-       } else {
-               object_ops_nopar = &sgen_minor_collector.serial_ops;
-               if (sgen_minor_collector.is_parallel) {
-                       object_ops_par = &sgen_minor_collector.parallel_ops;
-                       is_parallel = TRUE;
-               }
+       object_ops_nopar = sgen_concurrent_collection_in_progress ()
+                               ? &sgen_minor_collector.serial_ops_with_concurrent_major
+                               : &sgen_minor_collector.serial_ops;
+       if (sgen_minor_collector.is_parallel && sgen_nursery_size >= SGEN_PARALLEL_MINOR_MIN_NURSERY_SIZE) {
+               object_ops_par = sgen_concurrent_collection_in_progress ()
+                                       ? &sgen_minor_collector.parallel_ops_with_concurrent_major
+                                       : &sgen_minor_collector.parallel_ops;
+               is_parallel = TRUE;
        }
 
        if (do_verify_nursery || do_dump_nursery_content)
@@ -1663,7 +1724,7 @@ collect_nursery (const char *reason, gboolean is_overflow, SgenGrayQueue *unpin_
        degraded_mode = 0;
        objects_pinned = 0;
 
-       SGEN_LOG (1, "Start nursery collection %d %p-%p, size: %d", gc_stats.minor_gc_count, nursery_section->data, nursery_section->end_data, (int)(nursery_section->end_data - nursery_section->data));
+       SGEN_LOG (1, "Start nursery collection %" G_GINT32_FORMAT " %p-%p, size: %d", InterlockedRead (&gc_stats.minor_gc_count), nursery_section->data, nursery_section->end_data, (int)(nursery_section->end_data - nursery_section->data));
 
        /* world must be stopped already */
        TV_GETTIME (btv);
@@ -1675,15 +1736,17 @@ collect_nursery (const char *reason, gboolean is_overflow, SgenGrayQueue *unpin_
 
        sgen_memgov_minor_collection_start ();
 
-       init_gray_queue (&gc_thread_gray_queue, is_parallel);
+       init_gray_queue (&gc_thread_gray_queue);
        ctx = CONTEXT_FROM_OBJECT_OPERATIONS (object_ops_nopar, &gc_thread_gray_queue);
 
-       gc_stats.minor_gc_count ++;
+       InterlockedIncrement (&gc_stats.minor_gc_count);
 
        sgen_process_fin_stage_entries ();
 
        /* pin from pinned handles */
        sgen_init_pinning ();
+       if (concurrent_collection_in_progress)
+               sgen_init_pinning_for_conc ();
        sgen_client_binary_protocol_mark_start (GENERATION_NURSERY);
        pin_from_roots (nursery_section->data, nursery_section->end_data, ctx);
        /* pin cemented objects */
@@ -1694,6 +1757,8 @@ collect_nursery (const char *reason, gboolean is_overflow, SgenGrayQueue *unpin_
 
        pin_objects_in_nursery (FALSE, ctx);
        sgen_pinning_trim_queue_to_section (nursery_section);
+       if (concurrent_collection_in_progress)
+               sgen_finish_pinning_for_conc ();
 
        if (remset_consistency_checks)
                sgen_check_remset_consistency ();
@@ -1729,8 +1794,8 @@ collect_nursery (const char *reason, gboolean is_overflow, SgenGrayQueue *unpin_
 
        if (is_parallel) {
                gray_queue_redirect (&gc_thread_gray_queue);
-               sgen_workers_start_all_workers (object_ops_nopar, object_ops_par, NULL);
-               sgen_workers_join ();
+               sgen_workers_start_all_workers (GENERATION_NURSERY, object_ops_nopar, object_ops_par, NULL);
+               sgen_workers_join (GENERATION_NURSERY);
        }
 
        TV_GETTIME (btv);
@@ -1755,12 +1820,18 @@ collect_nursery (const char *reason, gboolean is_overflow, SgenGrayQueue *unpin_
                sgen_check_remset_consistency ();
 
 
-       TV_GETTIME (btv);
-       duration = (int)(TV_ELAPSED (last_minor_collection_start_tv, btv) / 10000);
-       if (duration > (sgen_max_pause_time * sgen_max_pause_margin))
-               sgen_resize_nursery (TRUE);
-       else
-               sgen_resize_nursery (FALSE);
+       if (sgen_max_pause_time) {
+               int duration;
+
+               TV_GETTIME (btv);
+               duration = (int)(TV_ELAPSED (last_minor_collection_start_tv, btv) / 10000);
+               if (duration > (sgen_max_pause_time * sgen_max_pause_margin))
+                       sgen_resize_nursery (TRUE);
+               else
+                       sgen_resize_nursery (FALSE);
+       } else {
+                       sgen_resize_nursery (FALSE);
+       }
 
        /* walk the pin_queue, build up the fragment list of free memory, unmark
         * pinned objects as we go, memzero() the empty fragments so they are ready for the
@@ -1785,9 +1856,9 @@ collect_nursery (const char *reason, gboolean is_overflow, SgenGrayQueue *unpin_
        major_collector.finish_nursery_collection ();
 
        TV_GETTIME (last_minor_collection_end_tv);
-       gc_stats.minor_gc_time += TV_ELAPSED (last_minor_collection_start_tv, last_minor_collection_end_tv);
+       UnlockedAdd64 (&gc_stats.minor_gc_time, TV_ELAPSED (last_minor_collection_start_tv, last_minor_collection_end_tv));
 
-       sgen_debug_dump_heap ("minor", gc_stats.minor_gc_count - 1, NULL);
+       sgen_debug_dump_heap ("minor", InterlockedRead (&gc_stats.minor_gc_count) - 1, NULL);
 
        /* prepare the pin queue for the next collection */
        sgen_finish_pinning ();
@@ -1812,7 +1883,15 @@ collect_nursery (const char *reason, gboolean is_overflow, SgenGrayQueue *unpin_
        current_collection_generation = -1;
        objects_pinned = 0;
 
-       binary_protocol_collection_end (gc_stats.minor_gc_count - 1, GENERATION_NURSERY, 0, 0);
+       if (is_parallel)
+               binary_protocol_collection_end_stats (0, 0, time_minor_finish_gray_stack - finish_gray_start);
+       else
+               binary_protocol_collection_end_stats (
+                       time_minor_scan_major_blocks - major_scan_start,
+                       time_minor_scan_los - los_scan_start,
+                       time_minor_finish_gray_stack - finish_gray_start);
+
+       binary_protocol_collection_end (InterlockedRead (&gc_stats.minor_gc_count) - 1, GENERATION_NURSERY, 0, 0);
 
        if (check_nursery_objects_pinned && !sgen_minor_collector.is_split)
                sgen_check_nursery_objects_pinned (unpin_queue != NULL);
@@ -1877,6 +1956,8 @@ major_copy_or_mark_from_roots (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, size_t *old_
 
        TV_GETTIME (atv);
        sgen_init_pinning ();
+       if (mode == COPY_OR_MARK_FROM_ROOTS_START_CONCURRENT)
+               sgen_init_pinning_for_conc ();
        SGEN_LOG (6, "Collecting pinned addresses");
        pin_from_roots ((void*)lowest_heap_address, (void*)highest_heap_address, ctx);
        if (mode == COPY_OR_MARK_FROM_ROOTS_FINISH_CONCURRENT) {
@@ -1947,20 +2028,26 @@ major_copy_or_mark_from_roots (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, size_t *old_
        SGEN_LOG (2, "Finding pinned pointers: %zd in %lld usecs", sgen_get_pinned_count (), (long long)TV_ELAPSED (atv, btv));
        SGEN_LOG (4, "Start scan with %zd pinned objects", sgen_get_pinned_count ());
 
+       if (mode == COPY_OR_MARK_FROM_ROOTS_START_CONCURRENT)
+               sgen_finish_pinning_for_conc ();
+
        major_collector.init_to_space ();
 
        SGEN_ASSERT (0, sgen_workers_all_done (), "Why are the workers not done when we start or finish a major collection?");
        if (mode == COPY_OR_MARK_FROM_ROOTS_FINISH_CONCURRENT) {
                if (object_ops_par != NULL)
-                       sgen_workers_set_num_active_workers (0);
-               if (sgen_workers_have_idle_work ()) {
+                       sgen_workers_set_num_active_workers (GENERATION_OLD, 0);
+               if (object_ops_par == NULL && sgen_workers_have_idle_work (GENERATION_OLD)) {
                        /*
                         * We force the finish of the worker with the new object ops context
-                        * which can also do copying. We need to have finished pinning.
+                        * which can also do copying. We need to have finished pinning. On the
+                        * parallel collector, there is no need to drain the private queues
+                        * here, since we can do it as part of the finishing work, achieving
+                        * better work distribution.
                         */
-                       sgen_workers_start_all_workers (object_ops_nopar, object_ops_par, NULL);
+                       sgen_workers_start_all_workers (GENERATION_OLD, object_ops_nopar, object_ops_par, NULL);
 
-                       sgen_workers_join ();
+                       sgen_workers_join (GENERATION_OLD);
                }
        }
 
@@ -1986,17 +2073,18 @@ major_copy_or_mark_from_roots (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, size_t *old_
         * the roots.
         */
        if (mode == COPY_OR_MARK_FROM_ROOTS_START_CONCURRENT) {
-               sgen_workers_set_num_active_workers (1);
+               sgen_workers_set_num_active_workers (GENERATION_OLD, 1);
                gray_queue_redirect (gc_thread_gray_queue);
                if (precleaning_enabled) {
-                       sgen_workers_start_all_workers (object_ops_nopar, object_ops_par, workers_finish_callback);
+                       sgen_workers_start_all_workers (GENERATION_OLD, object_ops_nopar, object_ops_par, workers_finish_callback);
                } else {
-                       sgen_workers_start_all_workers (object_ops_nopar, object_ops_par, NULL);
+                       sgen_workers_start_all_workers (GENERATION_OLD, object_ops_nopar, object_ops_par, NULL);
                }
        }
 
        if (mode == COPY_OR_MARK_FROM_ROOTS_FINISH_CONCURRENT) {
-               int i, split_count = sgen_workers_get_job_split_count ();
+               int i, split_count = sgen_workers_get_job_split_count (GENERATION_OLD);
+               size_t num_major_sections = major_collector.get_num_major_sections ();
                gboolean parallel = object_ops_par != NULL;
 
                /* If we're not parallel we finish the collection on the gc thread */
@@ -2011,13 +2099,16 @@ major_copy_or_mark_from_roots (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, size_t *old_
                        psj->scan_job.ops = parallel ? NULL : object_ops_nopar;
                        psj->scan_job.gc_thread_gray_queue = gc_thread_gray_queue;
                        psj->job_index = i;
-                       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (&psj->scan_job.job, parallel);
+                       psj->job_split_count = split_count;
+                       psj->data = num_major_sections / split_count;
+                       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (GENERATION_OLD, &psj->scan_job.job, parallel);
 
                        psj = (ParallelScanJob*)sgen_thread_pool_job_alloc ("scan LOS mod union cardtable", job_scan_los_mod_union_card_table, sizeof (ParallelScanJob));
                        psj->scan_job.ops = parallel ? NULL : object_ops_nopar;
                        psj->scan_job.gc_thread_gray_queue = gc_thread_gray_queue;
                        psj->job_index = i;
-                       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (&psj->scan_job.job, parallel);
+                       psj->job_split_count = split_count;
+                       sgen_workers_enqueue_job (GENERATION_OLD, &psj->scan_job.job, parallel);
                }
 
                if (parallel) {
@@ -2029,8 +2120,8 @@ major_copy_or_mark_from_roots (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, size_t *old_
                         * stack that contained roots and pinned objects and also scan the mod union card
                         * table.
                         */
-                       sgen_workers_start_all_workers (object_ops_nopar, object_ops_par, NULL);
-                       sgen_workers_join ();
+                       sgen_workers_start_all_workers (GENERATION_OLD, object_ops_nopar, object_ops_par, NULL);
+                       sgen_workers_join (GENERATION_OLD);
                }
        }
 
@@ -2051,11 +2142,11 @@ major_start_collection (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, const char *reason,
 {
        SgenObjectOperations *object_ops_nopar, *object_ops_par = NULL;
 
-       binary_protocol_collection_begin (gc_stats.major_gc_count, GENERATION_OLD);
+       binary_protocol_collection_begin (InterlockedRead (&gc_stats.major_gc_count), GENERATION_OLD);
 
        current_collection_generation = GENERATION_OLD;
 
-       sgen_workers_assert_gray_queue_is_empty ();
+       sgen_workers_assert_gray_queue_is_empty (GENERATION_OLD);
 
        if (!concurrent)
                sgen_cement_reset ();
@@ -2082,8 +2173,8 @@ major_start_collection (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, const char *reason,
        check_scan_starts ();
 
        degraded_mode = 0;
-       SGEN_LOG (1, "Start major collection %d", gc_stats.major_gc_count);
-       gc_stats.major_gc_count ++;
+       SGEN_LOG (1, "Start major collection %" G_GINT32_FORMAT, InterlockedRead (&gc_stats.major_gc_count));
+       InterlockedIncrement (&gc_stats.major_gc_count);
 
        if (major_collector.start_major_collection)
                major_collector.start_major_collection ();
@@ -2099,8 +2190,9 @@ major_finish_collection (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, const char *reason
        mword fragment_total;
        TV_DECLARE (atv);
        TV_DECLARE (btv);
-
-       TV_GETTIME (btv);
+       guint64 major_scan_start = time_major_scan_mod_union_blocks;
+       guint64 los_scan_start = time_major_scan_mod_union_los;
+       guint64 finish_gray_start = time_major_finish_gray_stack;
 
        if (concurrent_collection_in_progress) {
                SgenObjectOperations *object_ops_par = NULL;
@@ -2118,8 +2210,9 @@ major_finish_collection (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, const char *reason
                object_ops_nopar = &major_collector.major_ops_serial;
        }
 
-       sgen_workers_assert_gray_queue_is_empty ();
+       sgen_workers_assert_gray_queue_is_empty (GENERATION_OLD);
 
+       TV_GETTIME (btv);
        finish_gray_stack (GENERATION_OLD, CONTEXT_FROM_OBJECT_OPERATIONS (object_ops_nopar, gc_thread_gray_queue));
        TV_GETTIME (atv);
        time_major_finish_gray_stack += TV_ELAPSED (btv, atv);
@@ -2197,7 +2290,7 @@ major_finish_collection (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, const char *reason
        TV_GETTIME (atv);
        time_major_sweep += TV_ELAPSED (btv, atv);
 
-       sgen_debug_dump_heap ("major", gc_stats.major_gc_count - 1, reason);
+       sgen_debug_dump_heap ("major", InterlockedRead (&gc_stats.major_gc_count) - 1, reason);
 
        if (sgen_have_pending_finalizers ()) {
                SGEN_LOG (4, "Finalizer-thread wakeup");
@@ -2210,7 +2303,7 @@ major_finish_collection (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, const char *reason
        memset (&counts, 0, sizeof (ScannedObjectCounts));
        major_collector.finish_major_collection (&counts);
 
-       sgen_workers_assert_gray_queue_is_empty ();
+       sgen_workers_assert_gray_queue_is_empty (GENERATION_OLD);
 
        SGEN_ASSERT (0, sgen_workers_all_done (), "Can't have workers working after major collection has finished");
        if (concurrent_collection_in_progress)
@@ -2221,8 +2314,15 @@ major_finish_collection (SgenGrayQueue *gc_thread_gray_queue, const char *reason
        binary_protocol_flush_buffers (FALSE);
 
        //consistency_check ();
+       if (major_collector.is_parallel)
+                binary_protocol_collection_end_stats (0, 0, time_major_finish_gray_stack - finish_gray_start);
+        else
+                binary_protocol_collection_end_stats (
+                        time_major_scan_mod_union_blocks - major_scan_start,
+                        time_major_scan_mod_union_los - los_scan_start,
+                        time_major_finish_gray_stack - finish_gray_start);
 
-       binary_protocol_collection_end (gc_stats.major_gc_count - 1, GENERATION_OLD, counts.num_scanned_objects, counts.num_unique_scanned_objects);
+       binary_protocol_collection_end (InterlockedRead (&gc_stats.major_gc_count) - 1, GENERATION_OLD, counts.num_scanned_objects, counts.num_unique_scanned_objects);
 }
 
 static gboolean
@@ -2244,13 +2344,13 @@ major_do_collection (const char *reason, gboolean is_overflow, gboolean forced)
        /* world must be stopped already */
        TV_GETTIME (time_start);
 
-       init_gray_queue (&gc_thread_gray_queue, FALSE);
+       init_gray_queue (&gc_thread_gray_queue);
        major_start_collection (&gc_thread_gray_queue, reason, FALSE, &old_next_pin_slot);
        major_finish_collection (&gc_thread_gray_queue, reason, is_overflow, old_next_pin_slot, forced);
        sgen_gray_object_queue_dispose (&gc_thread_gray_queue);
 
        TV_GETTIME (time_end);
-       gc_stats.major_gc_time += TV_ELAPSED (time_start, time_end);
+       UnlockedAdd64 (&gc_stats.major_gc_time, TV_ELAPSED (time_start, time_end));
 
        /* FIXME: also report this to the user, preferably in gc-end. */
        if (major_collector.get_and_reset_num_major_objects_marked)
@@ -2278,7 +2378,7 @@ major_start_concurrent_collection (const char *reason)
 
        binary_protocol_concurrent_start ();
 
-       init_gray_queue (&gc_thread_gray_queue, TRUE);
+       init_gray_queue (&gc_thread_gray_queue);
        // FIXME: store reason and pass it when finishing
        major_start_collection (&gc_thread_gray_queue, reason, TRUE, NULL);
        sgen_gray_object_queue_dispose (&gc_thread_gray_queue);
@@ -2286,7 +2386,7 @@ major_start_concurrent_collection (const char *reason)
        num_objects_marked = major_collector.get_and_reset_num_major_objects_marked ();
 
        TV_GETTIME (time_end);
-       gc_stats.major_gc_time += TV_ELAPSED (time_start, time_end);
+       UnlockedAdd64 (&gc_stats.major_gc_time, TV_ELAPSED (time_start, time_end));
 
        current_collection_generation = -1;
 }
@@ -2314,7 +2414,7 @@ major_update_concurrent_collection (void)
        sgen_los_update_cardtable_mod_union ();
 
        TV_GETTIME (total_end);
-       gc_stats.major_gc_time += TV_ELAPSED (total_start, total_end);
+       UnlockedAdd64 (&gc_stats.major_gc_time, TV_ELAPSED (total_start, total_end));
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2333,10 +2433,10 @@ major_finish_concurrent_collection (gboolean forced)
         * The workers will be resumed with a finishing pause context to avoid
         * additional cardtable and object scanning.
         */
-       sgen_workers_stop_all_workers ();
+       sgen_workers_stop_all_workers (GENERATION_OLD);
 
        SGEN_TV_GETTIME (time_major_conc_collection_end);
-       gc_stats.major_gc_time_concurrent += SGEN_TV_ELAPSED (time_major_conc_collection_start, time_major_conc_collection_end);
+       UnlockedAdd64 (&gc_stats.major_gc_time_concurrent, SGEN_TV_ELAPSED (time_major_conc_collection_start, time_major_conc_collection_end));
 
        major_collector.update_cardtable_mod_union ();
        sgen_los_update_cardtable_mod_union ();
@@ -2346,12 +2446,12 @@ major_finish_concurrent_collection (gboolean forced)
 
        current_collection_generation = GENERATION_OLD;
        sgen_cement_reset ();
-       init_gray_queue (&gc_thread_gray_queue, FALSE);
+       init_gray_queue (&gc_thread_gray_queue);
        major_finish_collection (&gc_thread_gray_queue, "finishing", FALSE, -1, forced);
        sgen_gray_object_queue_dispose (&gc_thread_gray_queue);
 
        TV_GETTIME (total_end);
-       gc_stats.major_gc_time += TV_ELAPSED (total_start, total_end);
+       UnlockedAdd64 (&gc_stats.major_gc_time, TV_ELAPSED (total_start, total_end));
 
        current_collection_generation = -1;
 }
@@ -2403,7 +2503,7 @@ sgen_ensure_free_space (size_t size, int generation)
  * LOCKING: Assumes the GC lock is held.
  */
 void
-sgen_perform_collection (size_t requested_size, int generation_to_collect, const char *reason, gboolean wait_to_finish, gboolean stw)
+sgen_perform_collection_inner (size_t requested_size, int generation_to_collect, const char *reason, gboolean wait_to_finish, gboolean stw)
 {
        TV_DECLARE (gc_total_start);
        TV_DECLARE (gc_total_end);
@@ -2482,6 +2582,52 @@ sgen_perform_collection (size_t requested_size, int generation_to_collect, const
                sgen_restart_world (oldest_generation_collected);
 }
 
+#ifdef HOST_WASM
+
+typedef struct {
+       size_t requested_size;
+       int generation_to_collect;
+       const char *reason;
+} SgenGcRequest;
+
+static SgenGcRequest gc_request;
+static gboolean pending_request;
+
+extern void request_gc_cycle (void);
+
+#include <emscripten.h>
+
+EMSCRIPTEN_KEEPALIVE void
+mono_gc_pump_callback (void)
+{
+       if (!pending_request)
+               return;
+       pending_request = FALSE;
+       sgen_perform_collection_inner (gc_request.requested_size, gc_request.generation_to_collect, gc_request.reason, TRUE, TRUE);     
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+sgen_perform_collection (size_t requested_size, int generation_to_collect, const char *reason, gboolean wait_to_finish, gboolean stw)
+{
+#ifdef HOST_WASM
+       g_assert (stw); //can't handle non-stw mode (IE, domain unload)
+       //we ignore wait_to_finish
+       if (!pending_request || gc_request.generation_to_collect <= generation_to_collect) { //no active request or request was for a smaller part of the heap
+               gc_request.requested_size = requested_size;
+               gc_request.generation_to_collect = generation_to_collect;
+               gc_request.reason = reason;
+               if (!pending_request) {
+                       request_gc_cycle ();
+                       pending_request = TRUE;
+               }
+       }
+
+       degraded_mode = 1; //enable degraded mode so allocation can continue
+#else
+       sgen_perform_collection_inner (requested_size, generation_to_collect, reason, wait_to_finish, stw);
+#endif
+}
 /*
  * ######################################################################
  * ########  Memory allocation from the OS
@@ -2804,19 +2950,19 @@ sgen_get_current_collection_generation (void)
 }
 
 void*
-sgen_thread_register (SgenThreadInfo* info, void *stack_bottom_fallback)
+sgen_thread_attach (SgenThreadInfo* info)
 {
        info->tlab_start = info->tlab_next = info->tlab_temp_end = info->tlab_real_end = NULL;
 
-       sgen_client_thread_register (info, stack_bottom_fallback);
+       sgen_client_thread_attach (info);
 
        return info;
 }
 
 void
-sgen_thread_unregister (SgenThreadInfo *p)
+sgen_thread_detach_with_lock (SgenThreadInfo *p)
 {
-       sgen_client_thread_unregister (p);
+       sgen_client_thread_detach_with_lock (p);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2948,9 +3094,7 @@ sgen_gc_collect (int generation)
 int
 sgen_gc_collection_count (int generation)
 {
-       if (generation == 0)
-               return gc_stats.minor_gc_count;
-       return gc_stats.major_gc_count;
+       return InterlockedRead (generation == GENERATION_NURSERY ? &gc_stats.minor_gc_count : &gc_stats.major_gc_count);
 }
 
 size_t
@@ -2999,13 +3143,161 @@ parse_double_in_interval (const char *env_var, const char *opt_name, const char
        return TRUE;
 }
 
+static SgenMinor
+parse_sgen_minor (const char *opt)
+{
+       if (!opt)
+               return SGEN_MINOR_DEFAULT;
+
+       if (!strcmp (opt, "simple")) {
+               return SGEN_MINOR_SIMPLE;
+       } else if (!strcmp (opt, "simple-par")) {
+               return SGEN_MINOR_SIMPLE_PARALLEL;
+       } else if (!strcmp (opt, "split")) {
+               return SGEN_MINOR_SPLIT;
+       } else {
+               sgen_env_var_error (MONO_GC_PARAMS_NAME, "Using default instead.", "Unknown minor collector `%s'.", opt);
+               return SGEN_MINOR_DEFAULT;
+       }
+}
+
+static SgenMajor
+parse_sgen_major (const char *opt)
+{
+       if (!opt)
+               return SGEN_MAJOR_DEFAULT;
+
+       if (!strcmp (opt, "marksweep")) {
+               return SGEN_MAJOR_SERIAL;
+       } else if (!strcmp (opt, "marksweep-conc")) {
+               return SGEN_MAJOR_CONCURRENT;
+       } else if (!strcmp (opt, "marksweep-conc-par")) {
+               return SGEN_MAJOR_CONCURRENT_PARALLEL;
+       } else {
+               sgen_env_var_error (MONO_GC_PARAMS_NAME, "Using default instead.", "Unknown major collector `%s'.", opt);
+               return SGEN_MAJOR_DEFAULT;
+       }
+
+}
+
+static SgenMode
+parse_sgen_mode (const char *opt)
+{
+       if (!opt)
+               return SGEN_MODE_NONE;
+
+       if (!strcmp (opt, "balanced")) {
+               return SGEN_MODE_BALANCED;
+       } else if (!strcmp (opt, "throughput")) {
+               return SGEN_MODE_THROUGHPUT;
+       } else if (!strcmp (opt, "pause") || g_str_has_prefix (opt, "pause:")) {
+               return SGEN_MODE_PAUSE;
+       } else {
+               sgen_env_var_error (MONO_GC_PARAMS_NAME, "Using default configurations.", "Unknown mode `%s'.", opt);
+               return SGEN_MODE_NONE;
+       }
+}
+
+static void
+init_sgen_minor (SgenMinor minor)
+{
+       switch (minor) {
+       case SGEN_MINOR_DEFAULT:
+       case SGEN_MINOR_SIMPLE:
+               sgen_simple_nursery_init (&sgen_minor_collector, FALSE);
+               break;
+       case SGEN_MINOR_SIMPLE_PARALLEL:
+               sgen_simple_nursery_init (&sgen_minor_collector, TRUE);
+               break;
+       case SGEN_MINOR_SPLIT:
+               sgen_split_nursery_init (&sgen_minor_collector);
+               break;
+       default:
+               g_assert_not_reached ();
+       }
+}
+
+static void
+init_sgen_major (SgenMajor major)
+{
+       if (major == SGEN_MAJOR_DEFAULT)
+               major = DEFAULT_MAJOR;
+
+       switch (major) {
+       case SGEN_MAJOR_SERIAL:
+               sgen_marksweep_init (&major_collector);
+               break;
+       case SGEN_MAJOR_CONCURRENT:
+               sgen_marksweep_conc_init (&major_collector);
+               break;
+       case SGEN_MAJOR_CONCURRENT_PARALLEL:
+               sgen_marksweep_conc_par_init (&major_collector);
+               break;
+       default:
+               g_assert_not_reached ();
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * If sgen mode is set, major/minor configuration is fixed. The other gc_params
+ * are parsed and processed after major/minor initialization, so it can potentially
+ * override some knobs set by the sgen mode. We can consider locking out additional
+ * configurations when gc_modes are used.
+ */
+static void
+init_sgen_mode (SgenMode mode)
+{
+       SgenMinor minor = SGEN_MINOR_DEFAULT;
+       SgenMajor major = SGEN_MAJOR_DEFAULT;
+
+       switch (mode) {
+       case SGEN_MODE_BALANCED:
+               /*
+                * Use a dynamic parallel nursery with a major concurrent collector.
+                * This uses the default values for max pause time and nursery size.
+                */
+               minor = SGEN_MINOR_SIMPLE;
+               major = SGEN_MAJOR_CONCURRENT;
+               dynamic_nursery = TRUE;
+               break;
+       case SGEN_MODE_THROUGHPUT:
+               /*
+                * Use concurrent major to let the mutator do more work. Use a larger
+                * nursery, without pause time constraints, in order to collect more
+                * objects in parallel and avoid repetitive collection tasks (pinning,
+                * root scanning etc)
+                */
+               minor = SGEN_MINOR_SIMPLE_PARALLEL;
+               major = SGEN_MAJOR_CONCURRENT;
+               dynamic_nursery = TRUE;
+               sgen_max_pause_time = 0;
+               break;
+       case SGEN_MODE_PAUSE:
+               /*
+                * Use concurrent major and dynamic nursery with a more
+                * aggressive shrinking relative to pause times.
+                */
+               minor = SGEN_MINOR_SIMPLE_PARALLEL;
+               major = SGEN_MAJOR_CONCURRENT;
+               dynamic_nursery = TRUE;
+               sgen_max_pause_margin = SGEN_PAUSE_MODE_MAX_PAUSE_MARGIN;
+               break;
+       default:
+               g_assert_not_reached ();
+       }
+
+       init_sgen_minor (minor);
+       init_sgen_major (major);
+}
+
 void
 sgen_gc_init (void)
 {
        char *env;
        char **opts, **ptr;
-       char *major_collector_opt = NULL;
-       char *minor_collector_opt = NULL;
+       SgenMajor sgen_major = SGEN_MAJOR_DEFAULT;
+       SgenMinor sgen_minor = SGEN_MINOR_DEFAULT;
+       SgenMode sgen_mode = SGEN_MODE_NONE;
        char *params_opts = NULL;
        char *debug_opts = NULL;
        size_t max_heap = 0;
@@ -3014,8 +3306,6 @@ sgen_gc_init (void)
        gboolean debug_print_allowance = FALSE;
        double allowance_ratio = 0, save_target = 0;
        gboolean cement_enabled = TRUE;
-       gboolean dynamic_nursery = FALSE;
-       size_t min_nursery_size = 0, max_nursery_size = 0;
 
        do {
                result = InterlockedCompareExchange (&gc_initialized, -1, 0);
@@ -3058,10 +3348,13 @@ sgen_gc_init (void)
                        char *opt = *ptr;
                        if (g_str_has_prefix (opt, "major=")) {
                                opt = strchr (opt, '=') + 1;
-                               major_collector_opt = g_strdup (opt);
+                               sgen_major = parse_sgen_major (opt);
                        } else if (g_str_has_prefix (opt, "minor=")) {
                                opt = strchr (opt, '=') + 1;
-                               minor_collector_opt = g_strdup (opt);
+                               sgen_minor = parse_sgen_minor (opt);
+                       } else if (g_str_has_prefix (opt, "mode=")) {
+                               opt = strchr (opt, '=') + 1;
+                               sgen_mode = parse_sgen_mode (opt);
                        }
                }
        } else {
@@ -3083,34 +3376,13 @@ sgen_gc_init (void)
 
        sgen_client_init ();
 
-       if (!minor_collector_opt) {
-               sgen_simple_nursery_init (&sgen_minor_collector, FALSE);
-       } else {
-               if (!strcmp (minor_collector_opt, "simple")) {
-               use_simple_nursery:
-                       sgen_simple_nursery_init (&sgen_minor_collector, FALSE);
-               } else if (!strcmp (minor_collector_opt, "simple-par")) {
-                       sgen_simple_nursery_init (&sgen_minor_collector, TRUE);
-               } else if (!strcmp (minor_collector_opt, "split")) {
-                       sgen_split_nursery_init (&sgen_minor_collector);
-               } else {
-                       sgen_env_var_error (MONO_GC_PARAMS_NAME, "Using `simple` instead.", "Unknown minor collector `%s'.", minor_collector_opt);
-                       goto use_simple_nursery;
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (!major_collector_opt) {
-       use_default_major:
-               DEFAULT_MAJOR_INIT (&major_collector);
-       } else if (!strcmp (major_collector_opt, "marksweep")) {
-               sgen_marksweep_init (&major_collector);
-       } else if (!strcmp (major_collector_opt, "marksweep-conc")) {
-               sgen_marksweep_conc_init (&major_collector);
-       } else if (!strcmp (major_collector_opt, "marksweep-conc-par")) {
-               sgen_marksweep_conc_par_init (&major_collector);
+       if (sgen_mode != SGEN_MODE_NONE) {
+               if (sgen_minor != SGEN_MINOR_DEFAULT || sgen_major != SGEN_MAJOR_DEFAULT)
+                       sgen_env_var_error (MONO_GC_PARAMS_NAME, "Ignoring major/minor configuration", "Major/minor configurations cannot be used with sgen modes");
+               init_sgen_mode (sgen_mode);
        } else {
-               sgen_env_var_error (MONO_GC_PARAMS_NAME, "Using `" DEFAULT_MAJOR_NAME "` instead.", "Unknown major collector `%s'.", major_collector_opt);
-               goto use_default_major;
+               init_sgen_minor (sgen_minor);
+               init_sgen_major (sgen_major);
        }
 
        if (opts) {
@@ -3124,6 +3396,17 @@ sgen_gc_init (void)
                                continue;
                        if (g_str_has_prefix (opt, "minor="))
                                continue;
+                       if (g_str_has_prefix (opt, "mode=")) {
+                               if (g_str_has_prefix (opt, "mode=pause:")) {
+                                       char *str_pause = strchr (opt, ':') + 1;
+                                       int pause = atoi (str_pause);
+                                       if (pause)
+                                               sgen_max_pause_time = pause;
+                                       else
+                                               sgen_env_var_error (MONO_GC_PARAMS_NAME, "Using default", "Invalid maximum pause time for `pause` sgen mode");
+                               }
+                               continue;
+                       }
                        if (g_str_has_prefix (opt, "max-heap-size=")) {
                                size_t page_size = mono_pagesize ();
                                size_t max_heap_candidate = 0;
@@ -3239,6 +3522,7 @@ sgen_gc_init (void)
                        fprintf (stderr, "\n%s must be a comma-delimited list of one or more of the following:\n", MONO_GC_PARAMS_NAME);
                        fprintf (stderr, "  max-heap-size=N (where N is an integer, possibly with a k, m or a g suffix)\n");
                        fprintf (stderr, "  soft-heap-limit=n (where N is an integer, possibly with a k, m or a g suffix)\n");
+                       fprintf (stderr, "  mode=MODE (where MODE is 'balanced', 'throughput' or 'pause[:N]' and N is maximum pause in milliseconds)\n");
                        fprintf (stderr, "  nursery-size=N (where N is an integer, possibly with a k, m or a g suffix)\n");
                        fprintf (stderr, "  major=COLLECTOR (where COLLECTOR is `marksweep', `marksweep-conc', `marksweep-par')\n");
                        fprintf (stderr, "  minor=COLLECTOR (where COLLECTOR is `simple' or `split')\n");
@@ -3260,12 +3544,6 @@ sgen_gc_init (void)
                g_strfreev (opts);
        }
 
-       if (major_collector_opt)
-               g_free (major_collector_opt);
-
-       if (minor_collector_opt)
-               g_free (minor_collector_opt);
-
        if (params_opts)
                g_free (params_opts);
 
@@ -3432,15 +3710,7 @@ sgen_gc_init (void)
        if (major_collector.post_param_init)
                major_collector.post_param_init (&major_collector);
 
-       if (major_collector.is_concurrent || sgen_minor_collector.is_parallel) {
-               int num_workers = 1;
-               if (major_collector.is_parallel || sgen_minor_collector.is_parallel) {
-                       num_workers = mono_cpu_count ();
-                       if (num_workers < 1)
-                               num_workers = 1;
-               }
-               sgen_workers_init (num_workers, (SgenWorkerCallback) major_collector.worker_init_cb);
-       }
+       sgen_thread_pool_start ();
 
        sgen_memgov_init (max_heap, soft_limit, debug_print_allowance, allowance_ratio, save_target);