/* * pedump.c: Dumps the contents of an extended PE/COFF file * * Author: * Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com) * * Copyright 2001-2003 Ximian, Inc (http://www.ximian.com) * Copyright 2004-2009 Novell, Inc (http://www.novell.com) * Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "mono/utils/mono-digest.h" #include #include #include #include #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H #include #endif gboolean dump_data = TRUE; gboolean verify_pe = FALSE; gboolean verify_metadata = FALSE; gboolean verify_code = FALSE; gboolean verify_partial_md = FALSE; static char *assembly_directory[2]; static MonoAssembly *pedump_preload (MonoAssemblyName *aname, gchar **assemblies_path, gpointer user_data); static void pedump_assembly_load_hook (MonoAssembly *assembly, gpointer user_data); static MonoAssembly *pedump_assembly_search_hook (MonoAssemblyName *aname, gpointer user_data); /* unused static void hex_dump (const char *buffer, int base, int count) { int i; for (i = 0; i < count; i++){ if ((i % 16) == 0) printf ("\n0x%08x: ", (unsigned char) base + i); printf ("%02x ", (unsigned char) (buffer [i])); } } */ static void hex8 (const char *label, unsigned char x) { printf ("\t%s: 0x%02x\n", label, (unsigned char) x); } static void hex16 (const char *label, guint16 x) { printf ("\t%s: 0x%04x\n", label, x); } static void hex32 (const char *label, guint32 x) { printf ("\t%s: 0x%08x\n", label, x); } static void dump_coff_header (MonoCOFFHeader *coff) { printf ("\nCOFF Header:\n"); hex16 (" Machine", coff->coff_machine); hex16 (" Sections", coff->coff_sections); hex32 (" Time stamp", coff->coff_time); hex32 ("Pointer to Symbol Table", coff->coff_symptr); hex32 (" Symbol Count", coff->coff_symcount); hex16 (" Optional Header Size", coff->coff_opt_header_size); hex16 (" Characteristics", coff->coff_attributes); } static void dump_pe_header (MonoPEHeader *pe) { printf ("\nPE Header:\n"); hex16 (" Magic (0x010b)", pe->pe_magic); hex8 (" LMajor (6)", pe->pe_major); hex8 (" LMinor (0)", pe->pe_minor); hex32 (" Code Size", pe->pe_code_size); hex32 (" Initialized Data Size", pe->pe_data_size); hex32 ("Uninitialized Data Size", pe->pe_uninit_data_size); hex32 (" Entry Point RVA", pe->pe_rva_entry_point); hex32 (" Code Base RVA", pe->pe_rva_code_base); hex32 (" Data Base RVA", pe->pe_rva_data_base); printf ("\n"); } static void dump_nt_header (MonoPEHeaderNT *nt) { printf ("\nNT Header:\n"); hex32 (" Image Base (0x400000)", nt->pe_image_base); hex32 ("Section Alignment (8192)", nt->pe_section_align); hex32 (" File Align (512/4096)", nt->pe_file_alignment); hex16 (" OS Major (4)", nt->pe_os_major); hex16 (" OS Minor (0)", nt->pe_os_minor); hex16 (" User Major (0)", nt->pe_user_major); hex16 (" User Minor (0)", nt->pe_user_minor); hex16 (" Subsys major (4)", nt->pe_subsys_major); hex16 (" Subsys minor (0)", nt->pe_subsys_minor); hex32 (" Reserverd", nt->pe_reserved_1); hex32 (" Image Size", nt->pe_image_size); hex32 (" Header Size", nt->pe_header_size); hex32 (" Checksum (0)", nt->pe_checksum); hex16 (" Subsystem", nt->pe_subsys_required); hex16 (" DLL Flags (0)", nt->pe_dll_flags); hex32 (" Stack Reserve Size (1M)", nt->pe_stack_reserve); hex32 ("Stack commit Size (4096)", nt->pe_stack_commit); hex32 (" Heap Reserve Size (1M)", nt->pe_heap_reserve); hex32 (" Heap Commit Size (4096)", nt->pe_heap_commit); hex32 (" Loader flags (0x1)", nt->pe_loader_flags); hex32 (" Data Directories (16)", nt->pe_data_dir_count); } static void dent (const char *label, MonoPEDirEntry de) { printf ("\t%s: 0x%08x [0x%08x]\n", label, de.rva, de.size); } static void dump_blob (const char *desc, const char* p, guint32 size) { int i; printf ("%s", desc); if (!p) { printf (" none\n"); return; } for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) { if (!(i % 16)) printf ("\n\t"); printf (" %02X", p [i] & 0xFF); } printf ("\n"); } static void dump_public_key (MonoImage *m) { guint32 size; const char *p; p = mono_image_get_public_key (m, &size); dump_blob ("\nPublic key:", p, size); } static void dump_strong_name (MonoImage *m) { guint32 size; const char *p; p = mono_image_get_strong_name (m, &size); dump_blob ("\nStrong name:", p, size); } static void dump_datadir (MonoPEDatadir *dd) { printf ("\nData directories:\n"); dent (" Export Table", dd->pe_export_table); dent (" Import Table", dd->pe_import_table); dent (" Resource Table", dd->pe_resource_table); dent (" Exception Table", dd->pe_exception_table); dent ("Certificate Table", dd->pe_certificate_table); dent (" Reloc Table", dd->pe_reloc_table); dent (" Debug", dd->pe_debug); dent (" Copyright", dd->pe_copyright); dent (" Global Ptr", dd->pe_global_ptr); dent (" TLS Table", dd->pe_tls_table); dent ("Load Config Table", dd->pe_load_config_table); dent (" Bound Import", dd->pe_bound_import); dent (" IAT", dd->pe_iat); dent ("Delay Import Desc", dd->pe_delay_import_desc); dent (" CLI Header", dd->pe_cli_header); } static void dump_dotnet_header (MonoDotNetHeader *header) { dump_coff_header (&header->coff); dump_pe_header (&header->pe); dump_nt_header (&header->nt); dump_datadir (&header->datadir); } static void dump_section_table (MonoSectionTable *st) { guint32 flags = st->st_flags; printf ("\n\tName: %s\n", st->st_name); hex32 (" Virtual Size", st->st_virtual_size); hex32 ("Virtual Address", st->st_virtual_address); hex32 (" Raw Data Size", st->st_raw_data_size); hex32 (" Raw Data Ptr", st->st_raw_data_ptr); hex32 (" Reloc Ptr", st->st_reloc_ptr); hex32 (" LineNo Ptr", st->st_lineno_ptr); hex16 (" Reloc Count", st->st_reloc_count); hex16 (" Line Count", st->st_line_count); printf ("\tFlags: %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s\n", (flags & SECT_FLAGS_HAS_CODE) ? "code, " : "", (flags & SECT_FLAGS_HAS_INITIALIZED_DATA) ? "data, " : "", (flags & SECT_FLAGS_HAS_UNINITIALIZED_DATA) ? "bss, " : "", (flags & SECT_FLAGS_MEM_DISCARDABLE) ? "discard, " : "", (flags & SECT_FLAGS_MEM_NOT_CACHED) ? "nocache, " : "", (flags & SECT_FLAGS_MEM_NOT_PAGED) ? "nopage, " : "", (flags & SECT_FLAGS_MEM_SHARED) ? "shared, " : "", (flags & SECT_FLAGS_MEM_EXECUTE) ? "exec, " : "", (flags & SECT_FLAGS_MEM_READ) ? "read, " : "", (flags & SECT_FLAGS_MEM_WRITE) ? "write" : ""); } static void dump_sections (MonoCLIImageInfo *iinfo) { const int top = iinfo->cli_header.coff.coff_sections; int i; for (i = 0; i < top; i++) dump_section_table (&iinfo->cli_section_tables [i]); } static void dump_cli_header (MonoCLIHeader *ch) { printf ("\n"); printf (" CLI header size: %d\n", ch->ch_size); printf (" Runtime required: %d.%d\n", ch->ch_runtime_major, ch->ch_runtime_minor); printf (" Flags: %s, %s, %s, %s\n", (ch->ch_flags & CLI_FLAGS_ILONLY ? "ilonly" : "contains native"), (ch->ch_flags & CLI_FLAGS_32BITREQUIRED ? "32bits" : "32/64"), (ch->ch_flags & CLI_FLAGS_TRACKDEBUGDATA ? "trackdebug" : "no-trackdebug"), (ch->ch_flags & CLI_FLAGS_STRONGNAMESIGNED ? "strongnamesigned" : "notsigned")); dent (" Metadata", ch->ch_metadata); hex32 ("Entry Point Token", ch->ch_entry_point); dent (" Resources at", ch->ch_resources); dent (" Strong Name at", ch->ch_strong_name); dent (" Code Manager at", ch->ch_code_manager_table); dent (" VTableFixups at", ch->ch_vtable_fixups); dent (" EAT jumps at", ch->ch_export_address_table_jumps); } static void dsh (const char *label, MonoImage *meta, MonoStreamHeader *sh) { printf ("%s: 0x%08x - 0x%08x [%d == 0x%08x]\n", label, (int)(sh->data - meta->raw_metadata), (int)(sh->data + sh->size - meta->raw_metadata), sh->size, sh->size); } static void dump_metadata_header (MonoImage *meta) { printf ("\nMetadata header:\n"); printf (" Version: %d.%d\n", meta->md_version_major, meta->md_version_minor); printf (" Version string: %s\n", meta->version); } static void dump_metadata_ptrs (MonoImage *meta) { printf ("\nMetadata pointers:\n"); dsh ("\tTables (#~)", meta, &meta->heap_tables); dsh ("\t Strings", meta, &meta->heap_strings); dsh ("\t Blob", meta, &meta->heap_blob); dsh ("\tUser string", meta, &meta->heap_us); dsh ("\t GUID", meta, &meta->heap_guid); } static void dump_metadata (MonoImage *meta) { int table; dump_metadata_header (meta); dump_metadata_ptrs (meta); printf ("Rows:\n"); for (table = 0; table < MONO_TABLE_NUM; table++){ if (meta->tables [table].rows == 0) continue; printf ("Table %s: %d records (%d bytes, at %x)\n", mono_meta_table_name (table), meta->tables [table].rows, meta->tables [table].row_size, (unsigned int)(meta->tables [table].base - meta->raw_data) ); } } static void dump_methoddef (MonoImage *metadata, guint32 token) { const char *loc; if (!token) return; loc = mono_metadata_locate_token (metadata, token); printf ("RVA for Entry Point: 0x%08x\n", read32 (loc)); } static void dump_dotnet_iinfo (MonoImage *image) { MonoCLIImageInfo *iinfo = (MonoCLIImageInfo *)image->image_info; dump_dotnet_header (&iinfo->cli_header); dump_sections (iinfo); dump_cli_header (&iinfo->cli_cli_header); dump_strong_name (image); dump_public_key (image); dump_metadata (image); dump_methoddef (image, iinfo->cli_cli_header.ch_entry_point); } static int dump_verify_info (MonoImage *image, int flags, gboolean valid_only) { GSList *errors, *tmp; int count = 0, verifiable = 0; const char* desc [] = { "Ok", "Error", "Warning", NULL, "CLS", NULL, NULL, NULL, "Not Verifiable" }; if (verify_code) { /* verify code */ int i; MonoTableInfo *m = &image->tables [MONO_TABLE_METHOD]; for (i = 0; i < m->rows; ++i) { MonoMethod *method; MonoError error; method = mono_get_method_checked (image, MONO_TOKEN_METHOD_DEF | (i+1), NULL, NULL, &error); if (!method) { g_print ("Warning: Cannot lookup method with token 0x%08x due to %s\n", i + 1, mono_error_get_message (&error)); mono_error_cleanup (&error); continue; } errors = mono_method_verify (method, flags); if (errors) { MonoClass *klass = mono_method_get_class (method); char *name = mono_type_full_name (&klass->byval_arg); if (mono_method_signature (method) == NULL) { g_print ("In method: %s::%s(ERROR)\n", name, mono_method_get_name (method)); } else { char *sig; sig = mono_signature_get_desc (mono_method_signature (method), FALSE); g_print ("In method: %s::%s(%s)\n", name, mono_method_get_name (method), sig); g_free (sig); } g_free (name); } for (tmp = errors; tmp; tmp = tmp->next) { MonoVerifyInfo *info = (MonoVerifyInfo *)tmp->data; if (info->status == MONO_VERIFY_NOT_VERIFIABLE && valid_only) continue; g_print ("%s: %s\n", desc [info->status], info->message); if (info->status == MONO_VERIFY_ERROR) { count++; verifiable = 3; } if(info->status == MONO_VERIFY_NOT_VERIFIABLE) { if (verifiable < 2) verifiable = 2; } } mono_free_verify_list (errors); } } if (count) g_print ("Error count: %d\n", count); return verifiable; } static void usage (void) { printf ("Usage is: pedump [--verify error,warn,cls,all,code,fail-on-verifiable,non-strict,valid-only,metadata] file.exe\n"); exit (1); } static int verify_image_file (const char *fname) { GSList *errors = NULL, *tmp; MonoImage *image; MonoTableInfo *table; MonoAssembly *assembly; MonoImageOpenStatus status; int i, count = 0; const char* desc [] = { "Ok", "Error", "Warning", NULL, "CLS", NULL, NULL, NULL, "Not Verifiable" }; if (!strstr (fname, "mscorlib.dll")) { image = mono_image_open_raw (fname, &status); if (!image) { printf ("Could not open %s\n", fname); return 1; } if (!mono_verifier_verify_pe_data (image, &errors)) goto invalid_image; if (!mono_image_load_pe_data (image)) { printf ("Could not load pe data for assembly %s\n", fname); return 1; } if (!mono_verifier_verify_cli_data (image, &errors)) goto invalid_image; if (!mono_image_load_cli_data (image)) { printf ("Could not load cli data for assembly %s\n", fname); return 1; } if (!mono_verifier_verify_table_data (image, &errors)) goto invalid_image; mono_image_load_names (image); /*fake an assembly for class loading to work*/ assembly = g_new0 (MonoAssembly, 1); assembly->in_gac = FALSE; assembly->image = image; image->assembly = assembly; mono_assembly_fill_assembly_name (image, &assembly->aname); /*Finish initializing the runtime*/ mono_install_assembly_load_hook (pedump_assembly_load_hook, NULL); mono_install_assembly_search_hook (pedump_assembly_search_hook, NULL); mono_init_version ("pedump", image->version); mono_install_assembly_preload_hook (pedump_preload, GUINT_TO_POINTER (FALSE)); mono_icall_init (); mono_marshal_init (); } else { /*Finish initializing the runtime*/ mono_install_assembly_load_hook (pedump_assembly_load_hook, NULL); mono_install_assembly_search_hook (pedump_assembly_search_hook, NULL); mono_init_version ("pedump", NULL); mono_install_assembly_preload_hook (pedump_preload, GUINT_TO_POINTER (FALSE)); mono_icall_init (); mono_marshal_init (); image = mono_get_corlib (); if (!mono_verifier_verify_pe_data (image, &errors)) goto invalid_image; if (!mono_image_load_pe_data (image)) { printf ("Could not load pe data for assembly %s\n", fname); return 1; } if (!mono_verifier_verify_cli_data (image, &errors)) goto invalid_image; if (!mono_image_load_cli_data (image)) { printf ("Could not load cli data for assembly %s\n", fname); return 1; } if (!mono_verifier_verify_table_data (image, &errors)) goto invalid_image; } if (!verify_partial_md && !mono_verifier_verify_full_table_data (image, &errors)) goto invalid_image; table = &image->tables [MONO_TABLE_TYPEDEF]; for (i = 1; i <= table->rows; ++i) { MonoError error; guint32 token = i | MONO_TOKEN_TYPE_DEF; MonoClass *klass = mono_class_get_checked (image, token, &error); if (!klass) { printf ("Could not load class with token %x due to %s\n", token, mono_error_get_message (&error)); mono_error_cleanup (&error); continue; } mono_class_init (klass); if (mono_class_has_failure (klass)) { MonoError type_load_error; error_init (&type_load_error); mono_error_set_for_class_failure (&type_load_error, klass); printf ("Could not initialize class(0x%08x) %s.%s due to %s\n", token, klass->name_space, klass->name, mono_error_get_message (&type_load_error)); mono_error_cleanup (&type_load_error); ++count; } mono_class_setup_vtable (klass); if (mono_class_has_failure (klass)) { MonoError type_load_error; error_init (&type_load_error); mono_error_set_for_class_failure (&type_load_error, klass); printf ("Could not initialize vtable of class(0x%08x) %s.%s due to %s\n", token, klass->name_space, klass->name, mono_error_get_message (&type_load_error)); mono_error_cleanup (&type_load_error); ++count; } } if (count) return 5; return 0; invalid_image: for (tmp = errors; tmp; tmp = tmp->next) { MonoVerifyInfo *info = (MonoVerifyInfo *)tmp->data; g_print ("%s: %s\n", desc [info->status], info->message); if (info->status == MONO_VERIFY_ERROR) count++; } mono_free_verify_list (errors); if (count) g_print ("Error count: %d\n", count); return 1; } static gboolean try_load_from (MonoAssembly **assembly, const gchar *path1, const gchar *path2, const gchar *path3, const gchar *path4, gboolean refonly) { gchar *fullpath; *assembly = NULL; fullpath = g_build_filename (path1, path2, path3, path4, NULL); if (g_file_test (fullpath, G_FILE_TEST_IS_REGULAR)) *assembly = mono_assembly_open_predicate (fullpath, refonly, FALSE, NULL, NULL, NULL); g_free (fullpath); return (*assembly != NULL); } static MonoAssembly * real_load (gchar **search_path, const gchar *culture, const gchar *name, gboolean refonly) { MonoAssembly *result = NULL; gchar **path; gchar *filename; const gchar *local_culture; gint len; if (!culture || *culture == '\0') { local_culture = ""; } else { local_culture = culture; } filename = g_strconcat (name, ".dll", NULL); len = strlen (filename); for (path = search_path; *path; path++) { if (**path == '\0') continue; /* Ignore empty ApplicationBase */ /* See test cases in bug #58992 and bug #57710 */ /* 1st try: [culture]/[name].dll (culture may be empty) */ strcpy (filename + len - 4, ".dll"); if (try_load_from (&result, *path, local_culture, "", filename, refonly)) break; /* 2nd try: [culture]/[name].exe (culture may be empty) */ strcpy (filename + len - 4, ".exe"); if (try_load_from (&result, *path, local_culture, "", filename, refonly)) break; /* 3rd try: [culture]/[name]/[name].dll (culture may be empty) */ strcpy (filename + len - 4, ".dll"); if (try_load_from (&result, *path, local_culture, name, filename, refonly)) break; /* 4th try: [culture]/[name]/[name].exe (culture may be empty) */ strcpy (filename + len - 4, ".exe"); if (try_load_from (&result, *path, local_culture, name, filename, refonly)) break; } g_free (filename); return result; } /* * Try to load referenced assemblies from assemblies_path. */ static MonoAssembly * pedump_preload (MonoAssemblyName *aname, gchar **assemblies_path, gpointer user_data) { MonoAssembly *result = NULL; gboolean refonly = GPOINTER_TO_UINT (user_data); if (assemblies_path && assemblies_path [0] != NULL) { result = real_load (assemblies_path, aname->culture, aname->name, refonly); } if (!result) result = real_load (assembly_directory, aname->culture, aname->name, refonly); return result; } static GList *loaded_assemblies = NULL; static void pedump_assembly_load_hook (MonoAssembly *assembly, gpointer user_data) { loaded_assemblies = g_list_prepend (loaded_assemblies, assembly); } static MonoAssembly * pedump_assembly_search_hook (MonoAssemblyName *aname, gpointer user_data) { GList *tmp; for (tmp = loaded_assemblies; tmp; tmp = tmp->next) { MonoAssembly *ass = (MonoAssembly *)tmp->data; if (mono_assembly_names_equal (aname, &ass->aname)) return ass; } return NULL; } static void thread_state_init (MonoThreadUnwindState *ctx) { } #define VALID_ONLY_FLAG 0x08000000 #define VERIFY_CODE_ONLY MONO_VERIFY_ALL + 1 #define VERIFY_METADATA_ONLY VERIFY_CODE_ONLY + 1 #define VERIFY_PARTIAL_METADATA VERIFY_CODE_ONLY + 2 int main (int argc, char *argv []) { int image_result = 0; MonoImage *image; char *file = NULL; char *flags = NULL; MiniVerifierMode verifier_mode = MONO_VERIFIER_MODE_VERIFIABLE; const char *flag_desc [] = {"error", "warn", "cls", "all", "code", "fail-on-verifiable", "non-strict", "valid-only", "metadata", "partial-md", NULL}; guint flag_vals [] = {MONO_VERIFY_ERROR, MONO_VERIFY_WARNING, MONO_VERIFY_CLS, MONO_VERIFY_ALL, VERIFY_CODE_ONLY, MONO_VERIFY_FAIL_FAST, MONO_VERIFY_NON_STRICT, VALID_ONLY_FLAG, VERIFY_METADATA_ONLY, VERIFY_PARTIAL_METADATA, 0}; int i, verify_flags = MONO_VERIFY_REPORT_ALL_ERRORS, run_new_metadata_verifier = 0; MonoThreadInfoRuntimeCallbacks ticallbacks; for (i = 1; i < argc; i++){ if (argv [i][0] != '-'){ file = argv [i]; continue; } if (strcmp (argv [i], "--help") == 0) usage (); else if (strcmp (argv [i], "--verify") == 0) { verify_pe = 1; dump_data = 0; ++i; flags = argv [i]; } else { usage (); } } if (!file) usage (); //We have to force the runtime to load the corlib under verification as its own corlib so core types are properly populated in mono_defaults. if (strstr (file, "mscorlib.dll")) g_setenv ("MONO_PATH", g_path_get_dirname (file), 1); assembly_directory [0] = g_path_get_dirname (file); assembly_directory [1] = NULL; #ifndef DISABLE_PERFCOUNTERS mono_perfcounters_init (); #endif mono_counters_init (); mono_tls_init_runtime_keys (); memset (&ticallbacks, 0, sizeof (ticallbacks)); ticallbacks.thread_state_init = thread_state_init; #ifndef HOST_WIN32 mono_w32handle_init (); #endif mono_thread_info_runtime_init (&ticallbacks); mono_metadata_init (); mono_images_init (); mono_assemblies_init (); mono_loader_init (); if (verify_pe) { char *tok = strtok (flags, ","); verify_metadata = 1; verify_code = 0; while (tok) { for (i = 0; flag_desc [i]; ++i) { if (strcmp (tok, flag_desc [i]) == 0) { if (flag_vals [i] == VERIFY_CODE_ONLY) { verify_metadata = 0; verify_code = 1; } else if(flag_vals [i] == MONO_VERIFY_ALL) { verify_code = 1; } else if(flag_vals [i] == VERIFY_METADATA_ONLY) { verify_metadata = 0; run_new_metadata_verifier = 1; } else if(flag_vals [i] == VERIFY_PARTIAL_METADATA) { verify_partial_md = 1; } if (flag_vals [i] == VALID_ONLY_FLAG) verifier_mode = MONO_VERIFIER_MODE_VALID; else verify_flags |= flag_vals [i]; break; } } if (!flag_desc [i]) g_print ("Unknown verify flag %s\n", tok); tok = strtok (NULL, ","); } mono_verifier_set_mode (verifier_mode); /**/ } if (verify_pe || run_new_metadata_verifier) { run_new_metadata_verifier = 1; } if (run_new_metadata_verifier) { mono_verifier_set_mode (verifier_mode); image_result = verify_image_file (file); if (image_result == 1 || !verify_code) return image_result; } image = mono_image_open (file, NULL); if (!image){ fprintf (stderr, "Cannot open image %s\n", file); exit (1); } if (dump_data) dump_dotnet_iinfo (image); if (verify_pe) { MonoAssembly *assembly; MonoImage *image; MonoImageOpenStatus status; int code_result; mono_verifier_set_mode (verifier_mode); assembly = mono_assembly_open_predicate (file, FALSE, FALSE, NULL, NULL, NULL); /*fake an assembly for netmodules so the verifier works*/ if (!assembly && (image = mono_image_open (file, &status)) && image->tables [MONO_TABLE_ASSEMBLY].rows == 0) { assembly = g_new0 (MonoAssembly, 1); assembly->in_gac = FALSE; assembly->image = image; image->assembly = assembly; } if (!assembly) { g_print ("Could not open assembly %s\n", file); return 4; } code_result = dump_verify_info (assembly->image, verify_flags, verifier_mode == MONO_VERIFIER_MODE_VALID); return code_result ? code_result : image_result; } else mono_image_close (image); return 0; }