Add support for the BCOM WinNET100 (used in the IGEL-316 thin client).
authorJuergen Beisert <juergen@kreuzholzen.de>
Tue, 9 Oct 2007 23:26:19 +0000 (23:26 +0000)
committerUwe Hermann <uwe@hermann-uwe.de>
Tue, 9 Oct 2007 23:26:19 +0000 (23:26 +0000)
See http://www.linuxbios.org/BCOM_WINNET100_Build_Tutorial for hardware
description and build tutorials.

Signed-off-by: Juergen Beisert <juergen@kreuzholzen.de>
Acked-by: Uwe Hermann <uwe@hermann-uwe.de>
git-svn-id: svn://svn.coreboot.org/coreboot/trunk@2843 2b7e53f0-3cfb-0310-b3e9-8179ed1497e1

src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/Config.lb [new file with mode: 0644]
src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/Options.lb [new file with mode: 0644]
src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/auto.c [new file with mode: 0644]
src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/chip.h [new file with mode: 0644]
src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/irq_tables.c [new file with mode: 0644]
src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/mainboard.c [new file with mode: 0644]
targets/bcom/winnet100/Config.lb [new file with mode: 0644]

diff --git a/src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/Config.lb b/src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/Config.lb
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..32eddfb
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+##
+## This file is part of the LinuxBIOS project.
+##
+## Copyright (C) 2007 Juergen Beisert <juergen@kreuzholzen.de>
+##
+## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+## the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+## (at your option) any later version.
+##
+## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+## GNU General Public License for more details.
+##
+## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+## along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+## Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
+##
+
+if USE_FALLBACK_IMAGE
+       default ROM_SECTION_SIZE = FALLBACK_SIZE
+       default ROM_SECTION_OFFSET = (ROM_SIZE - FALLBACK_SIZE)
+else
+       default ROM_SECTION_SIZE = (ROM_SIZE - FALLBACK_SIZE)
+       default ROM_SECTION_OFFSET = 0
+end
+default CONFIG_ROM_PAYLOAD_START = (0xffffffff - ROM_SIZE + ROM_SECTION_OFFSET + 1)
+default PAYLOAD_SIZE = (ROM_SECTION_SIZE - ROM_IMAGE_SIZE)
+default _ROMBASE = (CONFIG_ROM_PAYLOAD_START + PAYLOAD_SIZE)
+default XIP_ROM_SIZE = 64 * 1024
+default XIP_ROM_BASE = (_ROMBASE + ROM_IMAGE_SIZE - XIP_ROM_SIZE)
+arch i386 end
+driver mainboard.o
+if HAVE_PIRQ_TABLE
+       object irq_tables.o
+end
+makerule ./failover.E
+       depends "$(MAINBOARD)/../../../arch/i386/lib/failover.c ./romcc"
+       action "./romcc -E -O --label-prefix=failover -I$(TOP)/src -I. $(CPPFLAGS) $(MAINBOARD)/../../../arch/i386/lib/failover.c -o $@"
+end
+makerule ./failover.inc
+       depends "$(MAINBOARD)/../../../arch/i386/lib/failover.c ./romcc"
+       action "./romcc -O --label-prefix=failover -I$(TOP)/src -I. $(CPPFLAGS) $(MAINBOARD)/../../../arch/i386/lib/failover.c -o $@"
+end
+makerule ./auto.E
+       # depends       "$(MAINBOARD)/auto.c option_table.h ./romcc"
+       depends "$(MAINBOARD)/auto.c ./romcc"
+       action  "./romcc -E -O -I$(TOP)/src -I. $(CPPFLAGS) $(MAINBOARD)/auto.c -o $@"
+end
+makerule ./auto.inc
+       # depends "$(MAINBOARD)/auto.c option_table.h ./romcc"
+       depends "$(MAINBOARD)/auto.c ./romcc"
+       action  "./romcc -O -I$(TOP)/src -I. $(CPPFLAGS) $(MAINBOARD)/auto.c -o $@"
+end
+mainboardinit cpu/x86/16bit/entry16.inc
+mainboardinit cpu/x86/32bit/entry32.inc
+ldscript /cpu/x86/16bit/entry16.lds
+ldscript /cpu/x86/32bit/entry32.lds
+if USE_FALLBACK_IMAGE
+       mainboardinit cpu/x86/16bit/reset16.inc
+       ldscript /cpu/x86/16bit/reset16.lds
+else
+       mainboardinit cpu/x86/32bit/reset32.inc
+       ldscript /cpu/x86/32bit/reset32.lds
+end
+mainboardinit arch/i386/lib/cpu_reset.inc
+mainboardinit arch/i386/lib/id.inc
+ldscript /arch/i386/lib/id.lds
+if USE_FALLBACK_IMAGE
+       ldscript /arch/i386/lib/failover.lds
+       mainboardinit ./failover.inc
+end
+mainboardinit cpu/x86/fpu/enable_fpu.inc
+mainboardinit cpu/amd/model_gx1/cpu_setup.inc
+mainboardinit cpu/amd/model_gx1/gx_setup.inc
+mainboardinit ./auto.inc
+
+dir /pc80
+config chip.h
+
+chip northbridge/amd/gx1
+  device pci_domain 0 on
+    device pci 0.0 on end
+      chip southbridge/amd/cs5530
+        device pci 12.0 on
+          chip superio/nsc/pc97317
+            device pnp 2e.0 on         # PS/2 keyboard
+              io 0x60 = 0x60
+              io 0x62 = 0x64
+              irq 0x70 = 1
+            end
+            device pnp 2e.1 on         # PS/2 mouse
+              irq 0x70 = 12
+            end
+            device pnp 2e.2 on         # RTC
+              io 0x60 = 0x70
+              irq 0x70 = 8
+            end
+            device pnp 2e.3 off                # Floppy
+            end
+            device pnp 2e.4 on         # Parallel port
+              io 0x60 = 0x378
+              irq 0x70 = 7
+            end
+            device pnp 2e.5 off                # COM2
+              io 0x60 = 0x2f8
+              irq 0x70 = 3
+            end
+            device pnp 2e.6 on         # COM1
+              io 0x60 = 0x3f8
+              irq 0x70 = 4
+            end
+            device pnp 2e.7 on         # GPIO
+              io 0x60 = 0xe0
+            end
+            device pnp 2e.8 on         # Power management
+               io 0x60 = 0xe800
+            end
+            register "com1" = "{115200}"
+            register "com2" = "{38400}"
+          end
+        device pci 12.1 off end                # SMI
+        device pci 12.2 off end                # IDE
+        device pci 12.3 on end         # Audio
+        device pci 12.4 on end         # VGA
+        # device pci 13.0 on end       # USB
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  chip cpu/amd/model_gx1
+  end
+end
diff --git a/src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/Options.lb b/src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/Options.lb
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..28b8279
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+##
+## This file is part of the LinuxBIOS project.
+##
+## Copyright (C) 2007 Juergen Beisert <juergen@kreuzholzen.de>
+##
+## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+## the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+## (at your option) any later version.
+##
+## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+## GNU General Public License for more details.
+##
+## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+## along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+## Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
+##
+
+uses HAVE_MP_TABLE
+uses HAVE_PIRQ_TABLE
+uses USE_FALLBACK_IMAGE
+uses HAVE_FALLBACK_BOOT
+uses HAVE_HARD_RESET
+uses HAVE_OPTION_TABLE
+uses USE_OPTION_TABLE
+uses CONFIG_ROM_PAYLOAD
+uses IRQ_SLOT_COUNT
+uses MAINBOARD
+uses MAINBOARD_VENDOR
+uses MAINBOARD_PART_NUMBER
+uses LINUXBIOS_EXTRA_VERSION
+uses ARCH
+uses FALLBACK_SIZE
+uses STACK_SIZE
+uses HEAP_SIZE
+uses ROM_SIZE
+uses ROM_SECTION_SIZE
+uses ROM_IMAGE_SIZE
+uses ROM_SECTION_SIZE
+uses ROM_SECTION_OFFSET
+uses CONFIG_ROM_PAYLOAD_START
+uses PAYLOAD_SIZE
+uses _ROMBASE
+uses _RAMBASE
+uses XIP_ROM_SIZE
+uses XIP_ROM_BASE
+uses CROSS_COMPILE
+uses CC
+uses HOSTCC
+uses OBJCOPY
+uses DEFAULT_CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL
+uses MAXIMUM_CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL
+uses CONFIG_CONSOLE_SERIAL8250
+uses TTYS0_BAUD
+uses TTYS0_BASE
+uses TTYS0_LCS
+uses CONFIG_UDELAY_TSC
+uses CONFIG_TSC_X86RDTSC_CALIBRATE_WITH_TIMER2
+uses CONFIG_VIDEO_MB
+uses CONFIG_SPLASH_GRAPHIC
+uses CONFIG_GX1_VIDEO
+uses CONFIG_GX1_VIDEOMODE
+
+## Enable VGA with a splash screen (only 640x480 to run on most monitors).
+## We want to support up to 1024x768@16 so we need 2MiB video memory.
+## Note: Higher resolutions might need faster SDRAM speed.
+default CONFIG_GX1_VIDEO = 1
+default CONFIG_GX1_VIDEOMODE = 0
+default CONFIG_SPLASH_GRAPHIC = 1
+default CONFIG_VIDEO_MB = 2
+
+default ROM_SIZE = 256 * 1024
+default MAINBOARD_VENDOR = "BCOM"
+default MAINBOARD_PART_NUMBER = "WinNET100"
+default HAVE_FALLBACK_BOOT = 1
+default HAVE_MP_TABLE = 0
+default HAVE_HARD_RESET = 0
+default CONFIG_UDELAY_TSC = 1
+default CONFIG_TSC_X86RDTSC_CALIBRATE_WITH_TIMER2 = 1
+default HAVE_PIRQ_TABLE = 1
+default IRQ_SLOT_COUNT = 2     # Soldered NIC, internal USB, no real slots
+default HAVE_OPTION_TABLE = 0
+default ROM_IMAGE_SIZE = 64 * 1024
+default FALLBACK_SIZE = 128 * 1024
+default STACK_SIZE = 8 * 1024
+default HEAP_SIZE = 16 * 1024
+default USE_OPTION_TABLE = 0
+default _RAMBASE = 0x00004000
+default CONFIG_ROM_PAYLOAD = 1
+default CROSS_COMPILE = ""
+default CC = "$(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc "
+default HOSTCC = "gcc"
+default CONFIG_CONSOLE_SERIAL8250 = 1
+default TTYS0_BAUD = 115200
+default TTYS0_BASE = 0x3f8
+default TTYS0_LCS = 0x3                # 8n1
+default DEFAULT_CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL = 6
+default MAXIMUM_CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL = 6
+
+end
diff --git a/src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/auto.c b/src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/auto.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..6549ea3
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the LinuxBIOS project.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Juergen Beisert <juergen@kreuzholzen.de>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#define ASSEMBLY 1
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <device/pci_def.h>
+#include <arch/io.h>
+#include <device/pnp_def.h>
+#include <arch/romcc_io.h>
+#include <arch/hlt.h>
+#include "pc80/serial.c"
+#include "arch/i386/lib/console.c"
+#include "ram/ramtest.c"
+#include "northbridge/amd/gx1/raminit.c"
+#include "superio/nsc/pc97317/pc97317_early_serial.c"
+#include "cpu/x86/bist.h"
+
+#define SERIAL_DEV PNP_DEV(0x2e, PC97317_SP1)
+
+static void main(unsigned long bist)
+{
+       /* Initialize the serial console. */
+       pc97317_enable_serial(SERIAL_DEV, TTYS0_BASE);
+       uart_init();
+       console_init();
+
+       /* Halt if there was a built in self test failure. */
+       report_bist_failure(bist);
+
+       /* Initialize RAM. */
+       sdram_init();
+
+       /* Check whether RAM works. */
+       /* ram_check(0, 640 * 1024); */
+}
diff --git a/src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/chip.h b/src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/chip.h
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..773329e
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the LinuxBIOS project.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Juergen Beisert <juergen@kreuzholzen.de>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+extern struct chip_operations mainboard_bcom_winnet100_ops;
+
+struct mainboard_bcom_winnet100_config {
+       int nothing;
+};
diff --git a/src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/irq_tables.c b/src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/irq_tables.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..20fd2d8
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the LinuxBIOS project.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Juergen Beisert <juergen@kreuzholzen.de>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @file
+ * Interrupt routing description for BCOM's Winnet100 board.
+ * It was not possible to read back the pirq-Table. In the 0xF segment was
+ * no string like $PIRQ...
+ * But the already running 2.4.21 kernel provides eth0 IRQ15 and USB IRQ 11.
+ * The Realtek was device 0.f.0, the USB 0.13.0.
+ *
+ * This is the physical routing on this board:
+ *
+ *    5530       USB      Network
+ * northbridge  device     device
+ *              00.13.0   00.0f.00
+ * ------------------------------------
+ *   INTA#      INTA#      n.c.
+ *   INTB#       n.c.      n.c.
+ *   INTC#       n.c.     INTA#
+ *   INTD#       n.c.      n.c.
+ */
+
+#include <arch/pirq_routing.h>
+
+/*
+ * The USB controller should be connected to IRQ11,
+ * the network controller should be connected to IRQ15.
+ */
+#define IRQ_BITMAP_LINK0 0x0800
+#define IRQ_BITMAP_LINK1 0x0400
+#define IRQ_BITMAP_LINK2 0x8000
+#define IRQ_BITMAP_LINK3 0x0200
+
+/** Reserved interrupt channels for PCI. */
+#define IRQ_DEVOTED_TO_PCI (IRQ_BITMAP_LINK0 | IRQ_BITMAP_LINK2)
+
+/**
+ * Routing description.
+ * Documentation at: http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/archive/pciirq.mspx
+ */
+const struct irq_routing_table intel_irq_routing_table = {
+       .signature = PIRQ_SIGNATURE,    /* u32 signature */
+       .version = PIRQ_VERSION,        /* u16 version */
+       .size = 32+16*IRQ_SLOT_COUNT,   /* There can be total IRQ_SLOT_COUNT devices on the bus */
+       .rtr_bus = 0x00,                /* Where the interrupt router lies (bus) */
+       .rtr_devfn = (0x12<<3)|0x0,     /* Where the interrupt router lies (dev) */
+       .exclusive_irqs = IRQ_DEVOTED_TO_PCI,   /* IRQs devoted exclusively to PCI usage */
+       .rtr_vendor = 0x1078,           /* Vendor */
+       .rtr_device = 0x0100,           /* Device */
+       .miniport_data = 0,             /* Crap (miniport) */
+       .checksum = 0xBF+16,
+       .slots = {
+               /*
+                * Definition for "slot#1". There is no real slot,
+                * the USB device is embedded...
+                */
+               [0] = {
+                       .bus = 0x00,
+                       .devfn = (0x13 << 3) | 0x0,
+                       .irq = {
+                               [0] = {
+                                       .link = 0x01,   /* INT A */
+                                       .bitmap = IRQ_BITMAP_LINK0,
+                               },
+                               [1] = {
+                                       .link = 0x02,   /* INT B */
+                                       .bitmap = IRQ_BITMAP_LINK1,
+                               },
+                               [2] = {
+                                       .link = 0x03,   /* INT C */
+                                       .bitmap = IRQ_BITMAP_LINK2,
+                               },
+                               [3] = {
+                                       .link = 0x04,   /* INT D */
+                                       .bitmap = IRQ_BITMAP_LINK3,
+                               }
+                       },
+                       .slot = 0x0,
+               },
+
+               /*
+                * Definition for "slot#3". There is no real slot,
+                * the network device is soldered...
+                */
+               [1] = {
+                       .bus = 0x00,
+                       .devfn = (0x0f << 3) | 0x0,
+                       .irq = {
+                               [0] = {
+                                       .link = 0x03,
+                                       .bitmap = IRQ_BITMAP_LINK2,
+                               },
+                               [1] = {
+                                       .link = 0x04,
+                                       .bitmap = IRQ_BITMAP_LINK3,
+                               },
+                               [2] = {
+                                       .link = 0x01,
+                                       .bitmap = IRQ_BITMAP_LINK0,
+                               },
+                               [3] = {
+                                       .link = 0x02,
+                                       .bitmap = IRQ_BITMAP_LINK1,
+                               }
+                       },
+                       .slot = 0x0,
+               }
+       }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Copy the IRQ routing table to memory.
+ *
+ * @param[in] addr Destination address (between 0xF0000...0x100000).
+ * @return TODO.
+ */
+unsigned long write_pirq_routing_table(unsigned long addr)
+{
+       return copy_pirq_routing_table(addr);
+}
diff --git a/src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/mainboard.c b/src/mainboard/bcom/winnet100/mainboard.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..e464b7d
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the LinuxBIOS project.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Juergen Beisert <juergen@kreuzholzen.de>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#include <device/device.h>
+#include "chip.h"
+
+struct chip_operations mainboard_bcom_winnet100_ops = {
+       CHIP_NAME("BCOM WinNET100 Mainboard")
+};
diff --git a/targets/bcom/winnet100/Config.lb b/targets/bcom/winnet100/Config.lb
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..935acb6
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+##
+## This file is part of the LinuxBIOS project.
+##
+## Copyright (C) 2007 Juergen Beisert <juergen@kreuzholzen.de>
+##
+## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+## the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+## (at your option) any later version.
+##
+## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+## GNU General Public License for more details.
+##
+## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+## along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+## Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
+##
+
+## See also: http://www.linuxbios.org/BCOM_WINNET100_Build_Tutorial
+
+target winnet100
+mainboard bcom/winnet100
+
+option ROM_SIZE = 256 * 1024
+
+## Enable VGA with a splash screen (only 640x480 to run on most monitors).
+## We want to support up to 1024x768@16 so we need 2MiB video memory.
+## Note: Higher resolutions might need faster SDRAM speed.
+option CONFIG_GX1_VIDEO = 1
+option CONFIG_GX1_VIDEOMODE = 0
+option CONFIG_SPLASH_GRAPHIC = 1
+option CONFIG_VIDEO_MB = 2
+
+option DEFAULT_CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL = 6
+option MAXIMUM_CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL = 6
+
+romimage "normal"
+       option USE_FALLBACK_IMAGE = 0
+       option ROM_IMAGE_SIZE = 64 * 1024
+       option LINUXBIOS_EXTRA_VERSION = ".0Normal"
+       payload ../../../../../../../images/etherboot.elf
+end
+
+romimage "fallback"
+       option USE_FALLBACK_IMAGE = 1
+       option ROM_IMAGE_SIZE = 64 * 1024
+       option LINUXBIOS_EXTRA_VERSION = ".0Fallback"
+       payload ../../../../../../../images/etherboot.elf
+end
+
+buildrom ./linuxbios.rom ROM_SIZE "normal" "fallback"