X-Git-Url: http://wien.tomnetworks.com/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=vgasrc%2Fbochsvga.c;h=2a4b0d5bb27e48f3d242d6fb601f0c5d683db4bd;hb=3876b531222c53124b0eb154fb331c0c662f5e09;hp=70ac449e16706200c6a4ff658c6c2faba4ea2a80;hpb=161d201affa5dd23a39a0de9a0743b857448c4b6;p=seabios.git diff --git a/vgasrc/bochsvga.c b/vgasrc/bochsvga.c index 70ac449..2a4b0d5 100644 --- a/vgasrc/bochsvga.c +++ b/vgasrc/bochsvga.c @@ -1,110 +1,89 @@ #include "vgabios.h" // struct vbe_modeinfo -#include "vbe.h" // VBE_MODE_VESA_DEFINED +#include "vbe.h" // VBE_CAPABILITY_8BIT_DAC #include "bochsvga.h" // bochsvga_set_mode #include "util.h" // dprintf #include "config.h" // CONFIG_* -#include "biosvar.h" // SET_BDA +#include "biosvar.h" // GET_GLOBAL #include "stdvga.h" // VGAREG_SEQU_ADDRESS +#include "pci.h" // pci_config_readl +#include "pci_regs.h" // PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 -static struct mode +static struct bochsvga_mode { u16 mode; - u16 width; - u16 height; - u8 depth; + struct vgamode_s info; } bochsvga_modes[] VAR16 = { /* standard modes */ - { 0x100, 640, 400, 8 }, - { 0x101, 640, 480, 8 }, - { 0x102, 800, 600, 4 }, - { 0x103, 800, 600, 8 }, - { 0x104, 1024, 768, 4 }, - { 0x105, 1024, 768, 8 }, - { 0x106, 1280, 1024, 4 }, - { 0x107, 1280, 1024, 8 }, - { 0x10D, 320, 200, 15 }, - { 0x10E, 320, 200, 16 }, - { 0x10F, 320, 200, 24 }, - { 0x110, 640, 480, 15 }, - { 0x111, 640, 480, 16 }, - { 0x112, 640, 480, 24 }, - { 0x113, 800, 600, 15 }, - { 0x114, 800, 600, 16 }, - { 0x115, 800, 600, 24 }, - { 0x116, 1024, 768, 15 }, - { 0x117, 1024, 768, 16 }, - { 0x118, 1024, 768, 24 }, - { 0x119, 1280, 1024, 15 }, - { 0x11A, 1280, 1024, 16 }, - { 0x11B, 1280, 1024, 24 }, - { 0x11C, 1600, 1200, 8 }, - { 0x11D, 1600, 1200, 15 }, - { 0x11E, 1600, 1200, 16 }, - { 0x11F, 1600, 1200, 24 }, + { 0x100, { MM_PACKED, 640, 400, 8, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x101, { MM_PACKED, 640, 480, 8, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x102, { MM_PLANAR, 800, 600, 4, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x103, { MM_PACKED, 800, 600, 8, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x104, { MM_PLANAR, 1024, 768, 4, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x105, { MM_PACKED, 1024, 768, 8, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x106, { MM_PLANAR, 1280, 1024, 4, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x107, { MM_PACKED, 1280, 1024, 8, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x10D, { MM_DIRECT, 320, 200, 15, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x10E, { MM_DIRECT, 320, 200, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x10F, { MM_DIRECT, 320, 200, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x110, { MM_DIRECT, 640, 480, 15, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x111, { MM_DIRECT, 640, 480, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x112, { MM_DIRECT, 640, 480, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x113, { MM_DIRECT, 800, 600, 15, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x114, { MM_DIRECT, 800, 600, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x115, { MM_DIRECT, 800, 600, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x116, { MM_DIRECT, 1024, 768, 15, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x117, { MM_DIRECT, 1024, 768, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x118, { MM_DIRECT, 1024, 768, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x119, { MM_DIRECT, 1280, 1024, 15, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x11A, { MM_DIRECT, 1280, 1024, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x11B, { MM_DIRECT, 1280, 1024, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x11C, { MM_PACKED, 1600, 1200, 8, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x11D, { MM_DIRECT, 1600, 1200, 15, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x11E, { MM_DIRECT, 1600, 1200, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x11F, { MM_DIRECT, 1600, 1200, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, /* BOCHS modes */ - { 0x140, 320, 200, 32 }, - { 0x141, 640, 400, 32 }, - { 0x142, 640, 480, 32 }, - { 0x143, 800, 600, 32 }, - { 0x144, 1024, 768, 32 }, - { 0x145, 1280, 1024, 32 }, - { 0x146, 320, 200, 8 }, - { 0x147, 1600, 1200, 32 }, - { 0x148, 1152, 864, 8 }, - { 0x149, 1152, 864, 15 }, - { 0x14a, 1152, 864, 16 }, - { 0x14b, 1152, 864, 24 }, - { 0x14c, 1152, 864, 32 }, - { 0x178, 1280, 800, 16 }, - { 0x179, 1280, 800, 24 }, - { 0x17a, 1280, 800, 32 }, - { 0x17b, 1280, 960, 16 }, - { 0x17c, 1280, 960, 24 }, - { 0x17d, 1280, 960, 32 }, - { 0x17e, 1440, 900, 16 }, - { 0x17f, 1440, 900, 24 }, - { 0x180, 1440, 900, 32 }, - { 0x181, 1400, 1050, 16 }, - { 0x182, 1400, 1050, 24 }, - { 0x183, 1400, 1050, 32 }, - { 0x184, 1680, 1050, 16 }, - { 0x185, 1680, 1050, 24 }, - { 0x186, 1680, 1050, 32 }, - { 0x187, 1920, 1200, 16 }, - { 0x188, 1920, 1200, 24 }, - { 0x189, 1920, 1200, 32 }, - { 0x18a, 2560, 1600, 16 }, - { 0x18b, 2560, 1600, 24 }, - { 0x18c, 2560, 1600, 32 }, - { 0, }, + { 0x140, { MM_DIRECT, 320, 200, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x141, { MM_DIRECT, 640, 400, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x142, { MM_DIRECT, 640, 480, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x143, { MM_DIRECT, 800, 600, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x144, { MM_DIRECT, 1024, 768, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x145, { MM_DIRECT, 1280, 1024, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x146, { MM_PACKED, 320, 200, 8, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x147, { MM_DIRECT, 1600, 1200, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x148, { MM_PACKED, 1152, 864, 8, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x149, { MM_DIRECT, 1152, 864, 15, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x14a, { MM_DIRECT, 1152, 864, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x14b, { MM_DIRECT, 1152, 864, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x14c, { MM_DIRECT, 1152, 864, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x178, { MM_DIRECT, 1280, 800, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x179, { MM_DIRECT, 1280, 800, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x17a, { MM_DIRECT, 1280, 800, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x17b, { MM_DIRECT, 1280, 960, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x17c, { MM_DIRECT, 1280, 960, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x17d, { MM_DIRECT, 1280, 960, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x17e, { MM_DIRECT, 1440, 900, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x17f, { MM_DIRECT, 1440, 900, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x180, { MM_DIRECT, 1440, 900, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x181, { MM_DIRECT, 1400, 1050, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x182, { MM_DIRECT, 1400, 1050, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x183, { MM_DIRECT, 1400, 1050, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x184, { MM_DIRECT, 1680, 1050, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x185, { MM_DIRECT, 1680, 1050, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x186, { MM_DIRECT, 1680, 1050, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x187, { MM_DIRECT, 1920, 1200, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x188, { MM_DIRECT, 1920, 1200, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x189, { MM_DIRECT, 1920, 1200, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x18a, { MM_DIRECT, 2560, 1600, 16, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x18b, { MM_DIRECT, 2560, 1600, 24, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, + { 0x18c, { MM_DIRECT, 2560, 1600, 32, 8, 16, SEG_GRAPH } }, }; -#define BYTES_PER_PIXEL(m) ((GET_GLOBAL((m)->depth) + 7) / 8) - -u32 pci_lfb_addr VAR16; - -static inline u32 pci_config_readl(u16 bdf, u16 addr) +static int is_bochsvga_mode(struct vgamode_s *vmode_g) { - int status; - u32 val; - - addr &= ~3; - - asm volatile( - "int $0x1a\n" - "cli\n" - "cld" - : "=a"(status), "=c"(val) - : "a"(0xb10a), "b"(bdf), "D"(addr) - : "cc", "memory"); - - if ((status >> 16)) - return (u32)-1; - - return val; + return (vmode_g >= &bochsvga_modes[0].info + && vmode_g <= &bochsvga_modes[ARRAY_SIZE(bochsvga_modes)-1].info); } - static u16 dispi_get_max_xres(void) { u16 en; @@ -148,217 +127,178 @@ bochsvga_init(void) return -1; } - SET_BDA(vbe_flag, 0x1); dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_ID, VBE_DISPI_ID5); - u32 lfb_addr; - if (CONFIG_VGA_PCI) - lfb_addr = pci_config_readl(GET_GLOBAL(VgaBDF), 0x10) & ~0xf; - else - lfb_addr = VBE_DISPI_LFB_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS; + u32 lfb_addr = VBE_DISPI_LFB_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS; + int bdf = GET_GLOBAL(VgaBDF); + if (CONFIG_VGA_PCI && bdf >= 0) + lfb_addr = (pci_config_readl(bdf, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0) + & PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_MASK); - SET_FARVAR(get_global_seg(), pci_lfb_addr, lfb_addr); + SET_VGA(VBE_framebuffer, lfb_addr); + u16 totalmem = dispi_read(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_VIDEO_MEMORY_64K); + SET_VGA(VBE_total_memory, totalmem * 64 * 1024); + SET_VGA(VBE_capabilities, VBE_CAPABILITY_8BIT_DAC); - dprintf(1, "VBE DISPI detected. lfb_addr=%x\n", GET_GLOBAL(pci_lfb_addr)); + dprintf(1, "VBE DISPI detected. lfb_addr=%x\n", lfb_addr); return 0; } -int -bochsvga_enabled(void) +static int mode_valid(struct vgamode_s *vmode_g) { - return GET_BDA(vbe_flag); + u16 max_xres = dispi_get_max_xres(); + u16 max_bpp = dispi_get_max_bpp(); + u32 max_mem = GET_GLOBAL(VBE_total_memory); + + u16 width = GET_GLOBAL(vmode_g->width); + u16 height = GET_GLOBAL(vmode_g->height); + u8 depth = GET_GLOBAL(vmode_g->depth); + u32 mem = width * height * DIV_ROUND_UP(depth, 8); + + return width <= max_xres && depth <= max_bpp && mem <= max_mem; } -u16 -bochsvga_total_mem(void) +struct vgamode_s *bochsvga_find_mode(int mode) { - return dispi_read(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_VIDEO_MEMORY_64K); + struct bochsvga_mode *m = bochsvga_modes; + for (; m < &bochsvga_modes[ARRAY_SIZE(bochsvga_modes)]; m++) + if (GET_GLOBAL(m->mode) == mode) { + if (! mode_valid(&m->info)) + return NULL; + return &m->info; + } + return stdvga_find_mode(mode); } -static struct mode *find_mode_entry(u16 mode) +void +bochsvga_list_modes(u16 seg, u16 *dest, u16 *last) { - struct mode *m; + struct bochsvga_mode *m = bochsvga_modes; + for (; m < &bochsvga_modes[ARRAY_SIZE(bochsvga_modes)] && destinfo)) + continue; - for (m = bochsvga_modes; GET_GLOBAL(m->mode); m++) { - if (GET_GLOBAL(m->mode) == mode) - return m; + dprintf(1, "VBE found mode %x valid.\n", GET_GLOBAL(m->mode)); + SET_FARVAR(seg, *dest, GET_GLOBAL(m->mode)); + dest++; } - return NULL; + stdvga_list_modes(seg, dest, last); } -static int mode_valid(struct mode *m) +static void +bochsvga_hires_enable(int enable) { - u16 max_xres = dispi_get_max_xres(); - u16 max_bpp = dispi_get_max_bpp(); - u32 max_mem = bochsvga_total_mem() * 64 * 1024; - - u32 mem = GET_GLOBAL(m->width) * GET_GLOBAL(m->height) * - BYTES_PER_PIXEL(m); - - if (GET_GLOBAL(m->width) > max_xres || - GET_GLOBAL(m->depth) > max_bpp || - mem > max_mem) - return 0; + u16 flags = enable ? + VBE_DISPI_ENABLED | + VBE_DISPI_LFB_ENABLED | + VBE_DISPI_NOCLEARMEM : 0; - return 1; + dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_ENABLE, flags); } int -bochsvga_list_modes(u16 seg, u16 ptr) +bochsvga_get_window(struct vgamode_s *vmode_g, int window) { - int count = 0; - u16 *dest = (u16 *)(u32)ptr; - struct mode *m; - - for (m = bochsvga_modes; GET_GLOBAL(m->mode); m++) { - if (!mode_valid(m)) - continue; - - dprintf(1, "VBE found mode %x valid.\n", GET_GLOBAL(m->mode)); - SET_FARVAR(seg, dest[count], GET_GLOBAL(m->mode)); - - count++; - } - - SET_FARVAR(seg, dest[count], 0xffff); /* End of list */ - - return count; + if (window != 0) + return -1; + return dispi_read(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_BANK); } int -bochsvga_mode_info(u16 mode, struct vbe_modeinfo *info) +bochsvga_set_window(struct vgamode_s *vmode_g, int window, int val) { - struct mode *m; - - m = find_mode_entry(mode); - if (!m || !mode_valid(m)) + if (window != 0) return -1; + dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_BANK, val); + if (dispi_read(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_BANK) != val) + return -1; + return 0; +} - info->width = GET_GLOBAL(m->width); - info->height = GET_GLOBAL(m->height); - info->depth = GET_GLOBAL(m->depth); - - info->linesize = info->width * ((info->depth + 7) / 8); - info->phys_base = GET_GLOBAL(pci_lfb_addr); - info->vram_size = bochsvga_total_mem() * 64 * 1024; +int +bochsvga_get_linelength(struct vgamode_s *vmode_g) +{ + return dispi_read(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_VIRT_WIDTH) * vga_bpp(vmode_g) / 8; +} +int +bochsvga_set_linelength(struct vgamode_s *vmode_g, int val) +{ + stdvga_set_linelength(vmode_g, val); + int pixels = (val * 8) / vga_bpp(vmode_g); + dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_VIRT_WIDTH, pixels); return 0; } -void -bochsvga_hires_enable(int enable) +static void +bochsvga_clear_scr(void) { - u16 flags = enable ? - VBE_DISPI_ENABLED | - VBE_DISPI_LFB_ENABLED | - VBE_DISPI_NOCLEARMEM : 0; + u16 en; - dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_ENABLE, flags); + en = dispi_read(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_ENABLE); + en &= ~VBE_DISPI_NOCLEARMEM; + dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_ENABLE, en); } int -bochsvga_set_mode(int mode, int flags) +bochsvga_set_mode(struct vgamode_s *vmode_g, int flags) { - if (!(mode & VBE_MODE_VESA_DEFINED)) { - dprintf(1, "set VGA mode %x\n", mode); - + if (! is_bochsvga_mode(vmode_g)) { bochsvga_hires_enable(0); - return stdvga_set_mode(mode, flags); + return stdvga_set_mode(vmode_g, flags); } - struct vbe_modeinfo modeinfo, *info = &modeinfo; - int ret = bochsvga_mode_info(mode, &modeinfo); - if (ret) { - dprintf(1, "VBE mode %x not found\n", mode); - return VBE_RETURN_STATUS_FAILED; - } bochsvga_hires_enable(1); - if (info->depth == 4) - stdvga_set_mode(0x6a, 0); - if (info->depth == 8) + u8 depth = GET_GLOBAL(vmode_g->depth); + if (depth == 4) + stdvga_set_mode(stdvga_find_mode(0x6a), 0); + if (depth == 8) // XXX load_dac_palette(3); ; - dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_BPP, info->depth); - dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_XRES, info->width); - dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_YRES, info->height); + dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_BPP, depth); + u16 width = GET_GLOBAL(vmode_g->width); + u16 height = GET_GLOBAL(vmode_g->height); + dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_XRES, width); + dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_YRES, height); dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_BANK, 0); /* VGA compat setup */ //XXX: This probably needs some reverse engineering - u8 v; - outw(0x0011, VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_ADDRESS); - outw(((info->width * 4 - 1) << 8) | 0x1, VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_ADDRESS); - dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_VIRT_WIDTH, info->width); - outw(((info->height - 1) << 8) | 0x12, VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_ADDRESS); - outw(((info->height - 1) & 0xff00) | 0x7, VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_ADDRESS); - v = inb(VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_DATA) & 0xbd; - if (v & 0x1) - v |= 0x2; - if (v & 0x2) + u16 crtc_addr = VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_ADDRESS; + stdvga_crtc_write(crtc_addr, 0x11, 0x00); + stdvga_crtc_write(crtc_addr, 0x01, width / 8 - 1); + dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_VIRT_WIDTH, width); + stdvga_crtc_write(crtc_addr, 0x12, height - 1); + u8 v = 0; + if ((height - 1) & 0x0100) + v |= 0x02; + if ((height - 1) & 0x0200) v |= 0x40; - outb(v, VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_DATA); - - outw(0x9, VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_ADDRESS); - outb(0x17, VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_ADDRESS); - outb(inb(VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_DATA) | 0x3, VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_DATA); - v = inb(VGAREG_ACTL_RESET); - outw(0x10, VGAREG_ACTL_ADDRESS); - v = inb(VGAREG_ACTL_READ_DATA) | 0x1; - outb(v, VGAREG_ACTL_ADDRESS); - outb(0x20, VGAREG_ACTL_ADDRESS); - outw(0x0506, VGAREG_GRDC_ADDRESS); - outw(0x0f02, VGAREG_SEQU_ADDRESS); - if (info->depth >= 8) { - outb(0x14, VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_ADDRESS); - outb(inb(VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_DATA) | 0x40, VGAREG_VGA_CRTC_DATA); - v = inb(VGAREG_ACTL_RESET); - outw(0x10, VGAREG_ACTL_ADDRESS); - v = inb(VGAREG_ACTL_READ_DATA) | 0x40; - outb(v, VGAREG_ACTL_ADDRESS); - outb(0x20, VGAREG_ACTL_ADDRESS); - outb(0x04, VGAREG_SEQU_ADDRESS); - v = inb(VGAREG_SEQU_DATA) | 0x08; - outb(v, VGAREG_SEQU_DATA); - outb(0x05, VGAREG_GRDC_ADDRESS); - v = inb(VGAREG_GRDC_DATA) & 0x9f; - outb(v | 0x40, VGAREG_GRDC_DATA); + stdvga_crtc_mask(crtc_addr, 0x07, 0x42, v); + + stdvga_crtc_write(crtc_addr, 0x09, 0x00); + stdvga_crtc_mask(crtc_addr, 0x17, 0x00, 0x03); + stdvga_attr_mask(0x10, 0x00, 0x01); + stdvga_grdc_write(0x06, 0x05); + stdvga_sequ_write(0x02, 0x0f); + if (depth >= 8) { + stdvga_crtc_mask(crtc_addr, 0x14, 0x00, 0x40); + stdvga_attr_mask(0x10, 0x00, 0x40); + stdvga_sequ_mask(0x04, 0x00, 0x08); + stdvga_grdc_mask(0x05, 0x20, 0x40); } - SET_BDA(vbe_mode, mode); - if (flags & MF_LINEARFB) { /* Linear frame buffer */ /* XXX: ??? */ } - if (!(mode & MF_NOCLEARMEM)) { + if (!(flags & MF_NOCLEARMEM)) { bochsvga_clear_scr(); } return 0; } - -void -bochsvga_clear_scr(void) -{ - u16 en; - - en = dispi_read(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_ENABLE); - en &= ~VBE_DISPI_NOCLEARMEM; - dispi_write(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_ENABLE, en); -} - -int -bochsvga_hires_enabled(void) -{ - return dispi_read(VBE_DISPI_INDEX_ENABLE) & VBE_DISPI_ENABLED; -} - -u16 -bochsvga_curr_mode(void) -{ - return GET_BDA(vbe_mode); -}