GNU header update.
[cacao.git] / src / vm / loader.c
index 5e05076783ef39e70985ca0f3164eb043bbfe4f0..0bbab113c63660d9150c9bf5441928d147fa48dd 100644 (file)
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-/* loader.c - class loader functions
+/* vm/loader.c - class loader functions
 
-   Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
-   R. Grafl, A. Krall, C. Kruegel, C. Oates, R. Obermaisser,
-   M. Probst, S. Ring, E. Steiner, C. Thalinger, D. Thuernbeck,
-   P. Tomsich, J. Wenninger
+   Copyright (C) 1996-2005 R. Grafl, A. Krall, C. Kruegel, C. Oates,
+   R. Obermaisser, M. Platter, M. Probst, S. Ring, E. Steiner,
+   C. Thalinger, D. Thuernbeck, P. Tomsich, C. Ullrich, J. Wenninger,
+   Institut f. Computersprachen - TU Wien
 
    This file is part of CACAO.
 
    Contact: cacao@complang.tuwien.ac.at
 
    Authors: Reinhard Grafl
+
    Changes: Andreas Krall
             Roman Obermaiser
             Mark Probst
+            Edwin Steiner
+            Christian Thalinger
 
-   $Id: loader.c 673 2003-11-23 22:14:35Z jowenn $
+   $Id: loader.c 1735 2004-12-07 14:33:27Z twisti $
 
 */
 
 
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
-#include "global.h"
-#include "loader.h"
-#include "native.h"
-#include "tables.h"
-#include "builtin.h"
-#include "jit.h"
-#include "asmpart.h"
-#include "toolbox/memory.h"
-#include "toolbox/loging.h"
-#include "threads/thread.h"
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 
-#ifdef USE_ZLIB
-#include "unzip.h"
+#include "mm/memory.h"
+#include "native/native.h"
+#include "native/include/java_lang_Throwable.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_THREADS)
+# if defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+#  include "threads/native/threads.h"
+# else
+#  include "threads/green/threads.h"
+#  include "threads/green/locks.h"
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#include "toolbox/logging.h"
+#include "vm/exceptions.h"
+#include "vm/builtin.h"
+#include "vm/global.h"
+#include "vm/loader.h"
+#include "vm/options.h"
+#include "vm/statistics.h"
+#include "vm/tables.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ZLIB)
+# include "vm/unzip.h"
 #endif
 
+#include "vm/jit/asmpart.h"
+#include "vm/jit/jit.h"
+
+
 #undef JOWENN_DEBUG
 #undef JOWENN_DEBUG1
 #undef JOWENN_DEBUG2
 
 /* global variables ***********************************************************/
 
-bool opt_rt = false;            /* true if RTA parse should be used     RT-CO */
-bool opt_xta = false;           /* true if XTA parse should be used    XTA-CO */
-bool opt_vta = false;           /* true if VTA parse should be used    VTA-CO */
-
-int count_class_infos = 0;      /* variables for measurements                 */
-int count_const_pool_len = 0;
-int count_vftbl_len = 0;
-int count_all_methods = 0;
-int count_vmcode_len = 0;
-int count_extable_len = 0;
-int count_class_loads = 0;
-int count_class_inits = 0;
-
-bool loadverbose = false;       /* switches for debug messages                */
-bool linkverbose = false;
-bool initverbose = false;
-
-bool makeinitializations = true;
-
-bool getloadingtime  = false;   /* to measure the runtime                     */
-long int loadingtime = 0;
-
-static s4 interfaceindex;       /* sequential numbering of interfaces         */ 
-
-list unloadedclasses;       /* list of all referenced but not loaded classes  */
-list unlinkedclasses;       /* list of all loaded but not linked classes      */
-list linkedclasses;         /* list of all completely linked classes          */
+static s4 interfaceindex;       /* sequential numbering of interfaces         */
+static s4 classvalue;
 
 
 /* utf-symbols for pointer comparison of frequently used strings */
 
-static utf *utf_innerclasses;          /* InnerClasses                    */
-static utf *utf_constantvalue;                 /* ConstantValue                   */
-static utf *utf_code;                      /* Code                            */
-static utf *utf_finalize;                  /* finalize                            */
-static utf *utf_fidesc;                    /* ()V changed                                   */
-static utf *utf_clinit;                    /* <clinit>                            */
-static utf *utf_initsystemclass;       /* initializeSystemClass */
-static utf *utf_systemclass;           /* java/lang/System        */
-static utf *utf_vmclassloader; /*java/lang/VMClassLoader*/
-static utf *utf_vmclass; /*java/lang/VMClassLoader*/
+static utf *utf_innerclasses;          /* InnerClasses                           */
+static utf *utf_constantvalue;                 /* ConstantValue                          */
+static utf *utf_code;                      /* Code                                   */
+static utf *utf_exceptions;         /* Exceptions                             */
+static utf *utf_linenumbertable;    /* LineNumberTable                        */
+static utf *utf_sourcefile;         /* SourceFile                             */
+static utf *utf_finalize;                  /* finalize                               */
+static utf *utf_fidesc;                    /* ()V changed                            */
+static utf *utf_init;                          /* <init>                                 */
+static utf *utf_clinit;                    /* <clinit>                               */
+static utf *utf_initsystemclass;       /* initializeSystemClass                  */
+static utf *utf_systemclass;           /* java/lang/System                       */
+static utf *utf_vmclassloader;      /* java/lang/VMClassLoader                */
+static utf *utf_vmclass;            /* java/lang/VMClassLoader                */
 static utf *utf_initialize;
 static utf *utf_initializedesc;
+static utf *utf_java_lang_Object;   /* java/lang/Object                       */
 
-
-static unzFile uf=0;
-
+utf *utf_fillInStackTrace_name;
+utf *utf_fillInStackTrace_desc;
 
 utf* clinit_desc(){
        return utf_fidesc;
@@ -113,35 +111,31 @@ utf* clinit_desc(){
 utf* clinit_name(){
        return utf_clinit;
 }
+
+
 /* important system classes ***************************************************/
 
 classinfo *class_java_lang_Object;
 classinfo *class_java_lang_String;
-
-classinfo *class_java_lang_Throwable;
 classinfo *class_java_lang_Cloneable;
 classinfo *class_java_io_Serializable;
 
 /* Pseudo classes for the typechecker */
 classinfo *pseudo_class_Arraystub = NULL;
 classinfo *pseudo_class_Null = NULL;
-vftbl *pseudo_class_Arraystub_vftbl = NULL;
+classinfo *pseudo_class_New = NULL;
+vftbl_t *pseudo_class_Arraystub_vftbl = NULL;
+
+utf *array_packagename = NULL;
+
 
-/* stefan */
-/* These are made static so they cannot be used for throwing in native */
-/* functions.                                                          */
-static classinfo *class_java_lang_ClassCastException;
-static classinfo *class_java_lang_NullPointerException;
-static classinfo *class_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
-static classinfo *class_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException;
-static classinfo *class_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError;
-static classinfo *class_java_lang_ArithmeticException;
-static classinfo *class_java_lang_ArrayStoreException;
-static classinfo *class_java_lang_ThreadDeath;
+/********************************************************************
+   list of classpath entries (either filesystem directories or 
+   ZIP/JAR archives
+********************************************************************/
 
-static methodinfo method_clone_array;
+static classpath_info *classpath_entries = NULL;
 
-static int loader_inited = 0;
 
 /******************************************************************************
 
@@ -155,26 +149,17 @@ static int loader_inited = 0;
  * by the ARRAYTYPE_ constants (expcept ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT).
  */
 primitivetypeinfo primitivetype_table[PRIMITIVETYPE_COUNT] = { 
-               { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Integer",   'I', "int"     , "[I", NULL, NULL },
-               { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Long",      'J', "long"    , "[J", NULL, NULL },
-               { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Float",     'F', "float"   , "[F", NULL, NULL },
-               { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Double",    'D', "double"  , "[D", NULL, NULL },
-               { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Byte",      'B', "byte"    , "[B", NULL, NULL },
-               { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Character", 'C', "char"    , "[C", NULL, NULL },
-               { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Short",     'S', "short"   , "[S", NULL, NULL },
-               { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Boolean",   'Z', "boolean" , "[Z", NULL, NULL },
-               { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Void",      'V', "void"    , NULL, NULL, NULL }};
-
-/* instances of important system classes **************************************/
-
-java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ClassCastException;
-java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_NullPointerException;
-java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
-java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException;
-java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError;
-java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ArithmeticException;
-java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ArrayStoreException;
-java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ThreadDeath;
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Integer",   'I', "int"     , "[I", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Long",      'J', "long"    , "[J", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Float",     'F', "float"   , "[F", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Double",    'D', "double"  , "[D", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Byte",      'B', "byte"    , "[B", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Character", 'C', "char"    , "[C", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Short",     'S', "short"   , "[S", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Boolean",   'Z', "boolean" , "[Z", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Void",      'V', "void"    , NULL, NULL, NULL }
+};
+
 
 /************* functions for reading classdata *********************************
 
@@ -183,106 +168,278 @@ java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ThreadDeath;
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static char *classpath    = "";     /* searchpath for classfiles              */
-static u1 *classbuffer    = NULL;   /* pointer to buffer with classfile-data  */
-static u1 *classbuf_pos;            /* current position in classfile buffer   */
-static int classbuffer_size;        /* size of classfile-data                 */
+/* check_classbuffer_size ******************************************************
+
+   assert that at least <len> bytes are left to read
+   <len> is limited to the range of non-negative s4 values
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+static inline bool check_classbuffer_size(classbuffer *cb, s4 len)
+{
+       if (len < 0 || ((cb->data + cb->size) - cb->pos - 1) < len) {
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_classformaterror((cb)->class, "Truncated class file");
+
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       return true;
+}
+
+
+/* suck_nbytes *****************************************************************
+
+   transfer block of classfile data into a buffer
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+inline void suck_nbytes(u1 *buffer, classbuffer *cb, s4 len)
+{
+       memcpy(buffer, cb->pos + 1, len);
+       cb->pos += len;
+}
 
-/* transfer block of classfile data into a buffer */
 
-#define suck_nbytes(buffer,len) memcpy(buffer,classbuf_pos+1,len); \
-                                classbuf_pos+=len;
+/* skip_nbytes ****************************************************************
 
-/* skip block of classfile data */
+   skip block of classfile data
 
-#define skip_nbytes(len) classbuf_pos+=len;
+*******************************************************************************/
 
-inline u1 suck_u1()
+inline void skip_nbytes(classbuffer *cb, s4 len)
 {
-       return *++classbuf_pos;
+       cb->pos += len;
 }
-inline u2 suck_u2()
+
+
+inline u1 suck_u1(classbuffer *cb)
 {
-       u1 a=suck_u1(), b=suck_u1();
-       return ((u2)a<<8)+(u2)b;
+       return *++(cb->pos);
 }
-inline u4 suck_u4()
+
+
+inline u2 suck_u2(classbuffer *cb)
 {
-       u1 a=suck_u1(), b=suck_u1(), c=suck_u1(), d=suck_u1();
-       return ((u4)a<<24)+((u4)b<<16)+((u4)c<<8)+(u4)d;
+       u1 a = suck_u1(cb);
+       u1 b = suck_u1(cb);
+       return ((u2) a << 8) + (u2) b;
 }
-#define suck_s8() (s8) suck_u8()
-#define suck_s2() (s2) suck_u2()
-#define suck_s4() (s4) suck_u4()
-#define suck_s1() (s1) suck_u1()
 
 
-/* get u8 from classfile data */
+inline u4 suck_u4(classbuffer *cb)
+{
+       u1 a = suck_u1(cb);
+       u1 b = suck_u1(cb);
+       u1 c = suck_u1(cb);
+       u1 d = suck_u1(cb);
+       return ((u4) a << 24) + ((u4) b << 16) + ((u4) c << 8) + (u4) d;
+}
 
-static u8 suck_u8 ()
+
+/* get u8 from classfile data */
+static u8 suck_u8(classbuffer *cb)
 {
 #if U8_AVAILABLE
-       u8 lo,hi;
-       hi = suck_u4();
-       lo = suck_u4();
-       return (hi<<32) + lo;
+       u8 lo, hi;
+       hi = suck_u4(cb);
+       lo = suck_u4(cb);
+       return (hi << 32) + lo;
 #else
        u8 v;
-       v.high = suck_u4();
-       v.low = suck_u4();
+       v.high = suck_u4(cb);
+       v.low = suck_u4(cb);
        return v;
 #endif
 }
 
-/* get float from classfile data */
 
-static float suck_float ()
+#define suck_s8(a) (s8) suck_u8((a))
+#define suck_s2(a) (s2) suck_u2((a))
+#define suck_s4(a) (s4) suck_u4((a))
+#define suck_s1(a) (s1) suck_u1((a))
+
+
+/* get float from classfile data */
+static float suck_float(classbuffer *cb)
 {
        float f;
 
 #if !WORDS_BIGENDIAN 
-               u1 buffer[4];
-               u2 i;
-               for (i=0; i<4; i++) buffer[3-i] = suck_u1 ();
-               memcpy ( (u1*) (&f), buffer, 4);
-#else 
-               suck_nbytes ( (u1*) (&f), 4 );
+       u1 buffer[4];
+       u2 i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+               buffer[3 - i] = suck_u1(cb);
+
+       memcpy((u1*) (&f), buffer, 4);
+#else
+       suck_nbytes((u1*) (&f), cb, 4);
 #endif
 
-       PANICIF (sizeof(float) != 4, "Incompatible float-format");
+       if (sizeof(float) != 4) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_exception_message(string_java_lang_InternalError,
+                                                                                         "Incompatible float-format");
+
+               /* XXX should we exit in such a case? */
+               throw_exception_exit();
+       }
        
        return f;
 }
 
+
 /* get double from classfile data */
-static double suck_double ()
+static double suck_double(classbuffer *cb)
 {
        double d;
 
 #if !WORDS_BIGENDIAN 
-               u1 buffer[8];
-               u2 i;   
-               for (i=0; i<8; i++) buffer[7-i] = suck_u1 ();
-               memcpy ( (u1*) (&d), buffer, 8);
+       u1 buffer[8];
+       u2 i;   
+
+       for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+               buffer[7 - i] = suck_u1(cb);
+
+       memcpy((u1*) (&d), buffer, 8);
 #else 
-               suck_nbytes ( (u1*) (&d), 8 );
+       suck_nbytes((u1*) (&d), cb, 8);
 #endif
 
-       PANICIF (sizeof(double) != 8, "Incompatible double-format" );
+       if (sizeof(double) != 8) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_exception_message(string_java_lang_InternalError,
+                                                                                         "Incompatible double-format");
+
+               /* XXX should we exit in such a case? */
+               throw_exception_exit();
+       }
        
        return d;
 }
 
+
 /************************** function suck_init *********************************
 
        called once at startup, sets the searchpath for the classfiles
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void suck_init (char *cpath)
+void suck_init(char *classpath)
+{
+       char *start;
+       char *end;
+       char *filename;
+       s4 filenamelen;
+       bool is_zip;
+       classpath_info *cpi;
+       classpath_info *lastcpi;
+
+       if (!classpath)
+               return;
+
+       for (start = classpath; (*start) != '\0';) {
+
+               /* search for ':' delimiter to get the end of the current entry */
+               for (end = start; ((*end) != '\0') && ((*end) != ':'); end++);
+
+               if (start != end) {
+                       is_zip = false;
+                       filenamelen = end - start;
+
+                       if (filenamelen > 3) {
+                               if (strncasecmp(end - 3, "zip", 3) == 0 ||
+                                       strncasecmp(end - 3, "jar", 3) == 0) {
+                                       is_zip = true;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       /* allocate memory for filename and fill it */
+
+                       filename = MNEW(char, filenamelen + 2);  /* 2 = "/\0" */
+                       strncpy(filename, start, filenamelen);
+                       filename[filenamelen + 1] = '\0';
+                       cpi = NULL;
+
+                       if (is_zip) {
+#if defined(USE_ZLIB)
+                               unzFile uf = unzOpen(filename);
+
+                               if (uf) {
+                                       cpi = (union classpath_info *) NEW(classpath_info);
+                                       cpi->archive.type = CLASSPATH_ARCHIVE;
+                                       cpi->archive.uf = uf;
+                                       cpi->archive.next = NULL;
+                               }
+#else
+                               throw_cacao_exception_exit(string_java_lang_InternalError,
+                                                                                  "zip/jar files not supported");
+#endif
+                               
+                       } else {
+                               cpi = (union classpath_info *) NEW(classpath_info);
+                               cpi->filepath.type = CLASSPATH_PATH;
+                               cpi->filepath.next = NULL;
+
+                               if (filename[filenamelen - 1] != '/') {/*PERHAPS THIS SHOULD BE READ FROM A GLOBAL CONFIGURATION */
+                                       filename[filenamelen] = '/';
+                                       filename[filenamelen + 1] = '\0';
+                                       filenamelen++;
+                               }
+
+                               cpi->filepath.path = filename;
+                               cpi->filepath.pathlen = filenamelen;
+                       }
+
+                       /* attach current classpath entry */
+
+                       if (cpi) {
+                               if (!classpath_entries) {
+                                       classpath_entries = cpi;
+
+                               } else {
+                                       lastcpi->filepath.next = cpi;
+                               }
+
+                               lastcpi = cpi;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* goto next classpath entry, skip ':' delimiter */
+
+               if ((*end) == ':') {
+                       start = end + 1;
+
+               } else {
+                       start = end;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+
+void create_all_classes()
 {
-       classpath   = cpath;
-       classbuffer = NULL;
+       classpath_info *cpi;
+
+       for (cpi = classpath_entries; cpi != 0; cpi = cpi->filepath.next) {
+#if defined(USE_ZLIB)
+               if (cpi->filepath.type == CLASSPATH_ARCHIVE) {
+                       cacao_entry_s *ce;
+                       unz_s *s;
+
+                       s = (unz_s *) cpi->archive.uf;
+                       ce = s->cacao_dir_list;
+                               
+                       while (ce) {
+                               (void) class_new(ce->name);
+                               ce = ce->next;
+                       }
+
+               } else {
+#endif
+#if defined(USE_ZLIB)
+               }
+#endif
+       }
 }
 
 
@@ -295,130 +452,133 @@ void suck_init (char *cpath)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-
-bool suck_start (utf *classname) {
-
-#define MAXFILENAME 1000               /* maximum length of a filename           */
-       
-       char filename[MAXFILENAME+10];  /* room for '.class'                      */    
-       char *pathpos;                  /* position in searchpath                 */
-       char c, *utf_ptr;               /* pointer to the next utf8-character     */
+classbuffer *suck_start(classinfo *c)
+{
+       classpath_info *cpi;
+/*     char *utf_ptr; */
+/*     char ch; */
+       char *filename;
+       s4    filenamelen;
+       char *path;
        FILE *classfile;
-       int  filenamelen, err;
+       bool found;
+       s4 len;
        struct stat buffer;
-       int isZip;
+       classbuffer *cb;
 
-       if (classbuffer)                /* classbuffer is already valid */
-               return true;
+#if 0
+       utf_ptr = c->name->text;
 
-       pathpos = classpath;
-       
-       while (*pathpos) {
+       while (utf_ptr < utf_end(c->name)) {
+               if (filenamelen >= CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_message(string_java_lang_InternalError,
+                                                                         "Filename too long");
 
-               /* skip path separator */
+                       /* XXX should we exit in such a case? */
+                       throw_exception_exit();
+               }
 
-               while (*pathpos == ':')
-                       pathpos++;
-               /* extract directory from searchpath */
+               ch = *utf_ptr++;
+               if ((ch <= ' ' || ch > 'z') && (ch != '/'))     /* invalid character */
+                       ch = '?';
+               filename[filenamelen++] = ch;
+       }
+#endif
 
-               filenamelen = 0;
-               while ((*pathpos) && (*pathpos!=':')) {
-                   PANICIF (filenamelen >= MAXFILENAME, "Filename too long") ;
-                       filename[filenamelen++] = *(pathpos++);
-                       }
+       /* initialize return value */
 
-               isZip=0;
-               if (filenamelen>4) {
-                       if ( ((filename[filenamelen-1]=='p') || (filename[filenamelen-1]=='P')) &
-                            ((filename[filenamelen-2]=='i') || (filename[filenamelen-1]=='I')) &
-                             ((filename[filenamelen-3]=='z') || (filename[filenamelen-1]=='Z')) ) {
-                               isZip=1;
-                       }
-               }
+       found = false;
+       cb = NULL;
 
-               if (isZip) {
-#ifdef USE_ZLIB
-
-                       filename[filenamelen++]='\0';
-                       if (uf==0) uf=unzOpen(filename);
-                       if (uf!=0) {
-                               utf_ptr = classname->text;
-                               filenamelen=0;
-                               while (utf_ptr < utf_end(classname)) {
-                                       PANICIF (filenamelen >= MAXFILENAME, "Filename too long");
-                                       c = *utf_ptr++;
-                                       if ((c <= ' ' || c > 'z') && (c != '/'))     /* invalid character */ 
-                                               c = '?'; 
-                                       filename[filenamelen++] = c;    
-                               }
-                               strcpy (filename+filenamelen, ".class");
-                               if (cacao_locate(uf,classname)==UNZ_OK) {
-                                       unz_file_info file_info;
-                                       log_text("Class found in zip file");
-                                       if (unzGetCurrentFileInfo(uf,&file_info,filename,
-                                               sizeof(filename),NULL,0,NULL,0) ==UNZ_OK) {
-                                               if (unzOpenCurrentFile(uf)==UNZ_OK) {
-                                                       classbuffer_size = file_info.uncompressed_size;                         
-                                                       classbuffer      = MNEW(u1, classbuffer_size);
-                                                       classbuf_pos     = classbuffer-1;
-                                                       /*printf("classfile size: %d\n",file_info.uncompressed_size);*/
-                                                       if (unzReadCurrentFile(uf,classbuffer,classbuffer_size)==classbuffer_size) {
-                                                               unzCloseCurrentFile(uf);
-                                                               return true;
-                                                       } else {
-                                                               MFREE(classbuffer,u1,classbuffer_size);
-                                                               log_text("Error while unzipping");
-                                                       }
-                                               } else log_text("Error while opening file in archive");
-                                       } else log_text("Error while retrieving fileinfo");
-                               }; 
-                               unzCloseCurrentFile(uf);
+       filenamelen = utf_strlen(c->name) + 7;  /* 7 = ".class\0" */
+       filename = MNEW(char, filenamelen);
 
-                       }
-#endif                 
-               } else {
-                       filename[filenamelen++] = '/';  
-   
-                       /* add classname to filename */
-
-                       utf_ptr = classname->text;
-                       while (utf_ptr < utf_end(classname)) {
-                               PANICIF (filenamelen >= MAXFILENAME, "Filename too long");
-                               c = *utf_ptr++;
-                               if ((c <= ' ' || c > 'z') && (c != '/'))     /* invalid character */ 
-                                       c = '?'; 
-                               filename[filenamelen++] = c;    
-                       }
-       
-                       /* add suffix */
+       utf_sprint(filename, c->name);
+       strcat(filename, ".class");
+
+       /* walk through all classpath entries */
+
+       for (cpi = classpath_entries; cpi != NULL && cb == NULL; cpi = cpi->filepath.next) {
+#if defined(USE_ZLIB)
+               if (cpi->filepath.type == CLASSPATH_ARCHIVE) {
+                       if (cacao_locate(cpi->archive.uf, c->name) == UNZ_OK) {
+                               unz_file_info file_info;
+
+                               if (unzGetCurrentFileInfo(cpi->archive.uf, &file_info, filename,
+                                                                                 sizeof(filename), NULL, 0, NULL, 0) == UNZ_OK) {
+                                       if (unzOpenCurrentFile(cpi->archive.uf) == UNZ_OK) {
+                                               cb = NEW(classbuffer);
+                                               cb->class = c;
+                                               cb->size = file_info.uncompressed_size;
+                                               cb->data = MNEW(u1, cb->size);
+                                               cb->pos = cb->data - 1;
 
-                       strcpy (filename+filenamelen, ".class");
+                                               len = unzReadCurrentFile(cpi->archive.uf, cb->data, cb->size);
 
-                       classfile = fopen(filename, "r");
-                       if (classfile) {                                       /* file exists */
+                                               if (len != cb->size) {
+                                                       suck_stop(cb);
+                                                       log_text("Error while unzipping");
 
-                               /* determine size of classfile */
+                                               } else {
+                                                       found = true;
+                                               }
+
+                                       } else {
+                                               log_text("Error while opening file in archive");
+                                       }
 
-                               err = stat (filename, &buffer);
+                               } else {
+                                       log_text("Error while retrieving fileinfo");
+                               }
+                       }
+                       unzCloseCurrentFile(cpi->archive.uf);
 
-                               if (!err) {                                /* read classfile data */                            
-                                       classbuffer_size = buffer.st_size;                              
-                                       classbuffer      = MNEW(u1, classbuffer_size);
-                                       classbuf_pos     = classbuffer-1;
-                                       fread(classbuffer, 1, classbuffer_size, classfile);
-                                       fclose(classfile);
-                                       return true;
+               } else {
+#endif /* USE_ZLIB */
+                       
+                       path = MNEW(char, cpi->filepath.pathlen + filenamelen + 1);
+                       strcpy(path, cpi->filepath.path);
+                       strcat(path, filename);
+
+                       classfile = fopen(path, "r");
+
+                       if (classfile) {                                   /* file exists */
+                               if (!stat(path, &buffer)) {            /* read classfile data */
+                                       cb = NEW(classbuffer);
+                                       cb->class = c;
+                                       cb->size = buffer.st_size;
+                                       cb->data = MNEW(u1, cb->size);
+                                       cb->pos = cb->data - 1;
+
+                                       /* read class data */
+                                       len = fread(cb->data, 1, cb->size, classfile);
+
+                                       if (len != buffer.st_size) {
+                                               suck_stop(cb);
+/*                                             if (ferror(classfile)) { */
+/*                                             } */
+
+                                       } else {
+                                               found = true;
+                                       }
                                }
                        }
+
+                       MFREE(path, char, cpi->filepath.pathlen + filenamelen + 1);
+#if defined(USE_ZLIB)
                }
+#endif
        }
-       if (verbose) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "Warning: Can not open class file '%s'", filename);
-               dolog();
+
+       if (opt_verbose) {
+               if (!found)
+                       dolog("Warning: Can not open class file '%s'", filename);
        }
 
-       return false;
+       MFREE(filename, char, filenamelen);
+
+       return cb;
 }
 
 
@@ -430,31 +590,19 @@ bool suck_start (utf *classname) {
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void suck_stop () {
-
-       /* determine amount of classdata not retrieved by suck-operations         */
-
-       int classdata_left = ((classbuffer+classbuffer_size)-classbuf_pos-1);
-
-       if (classdata_left > 0) {               
-               /* surplus */           
-               sprintf (logtext,"There are %d access bytes at end of classfile",
-                        classdata_left);
-               dolog();
-       }
-
+void suck_stop(classbuffer *cb)
+{
        /* free memory */
 
-       MFREE(classbuffer, u1, classbuffer_size);
-       classbuffer = NULL;
+       MFREE(cb->data, u1, cb->size);
+       FREE(cb, classbuffer);
 }
 
+
 /******************************************************************************/
 /******************* Some support functions ***********************************/
 /******************************************************************************/
 
-
-
 void fprintflags (FILE *fp, u2 f)
 {
    if ( f & ACC_PUBLIC )       fprintf (fp," PUBLIC");
@@ -470,8 +618,10 @@ void fprintflags (FILE *fp, u2 f)
    if ( f & ACC_ABSTRACT )     fprintf (fp," ABSTRACT");
 }
 
+
 /********** internal function: printflags  (only for debugging) ***************/
-void printflags (u2 f)
+
+void printflags(u2 f)
 {
    if ( f & ACC_PUBLIC )       printf (" PUBLIC");
    if ( f & ACC_PRIVATE )      printf (" PRIVATE");
@@ -487,18 +637,6 @@ void printflags (u2 f)
 }
 
 
-/************************* Function: skipattribute *****************************
-
-       skips a (1) 'attribute' structure in the class file
-
-*******************************************************************************/
-
-static void skipattribute ()
-{
-       suck_u2 ();
-       skip_nbytes(suck_u4()); 
-}
-
 /********************** Function: skipattributebody ****************************
 
        skips an attribute after the 16 bit reference to attribute_name has already
@@ -506,35 +644,85 @@ static void skipattribute ()
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void skipattributebody ()
+static bool skipattributebody(classbuffer *cb)
 {
-       skip_nbytes(suck_u4());
+       u4 len;
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4))
+               return false;
+
+       len = suck_u4(cb);
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, len))
+               return false;
+
+       skip_nbytes(cb, len);
+
+       return true;
 }
 
+
 /************************* Function: skipattributes ****************************
 
        skips num attribute structures
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void skipattributes (u4 num)
+static bool skipattributes(classbuffer *cb, u4 num)
 {
        u4 i;
-       for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
-               skipattribute();
+       u4 len;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 4))
+                       return false;
+
+               suck_u2(cb);
+               len = suck_u4(cb);
+
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, len))
+                       return false;
+
+               skip_nbytes(cb, len);
+       }
+
+       return true;
+}
+
+
+/******************** function:: class_getconstant *****************************
+
+       retrieves the value at position 'pos' of the constantpool of a class
+       if the type of the value is other than 'ctype' the system is stopped
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+voidptr class_getconstant(classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype)
+{
+       /* check index and type of constantpool entry */
+       /* (pos == 0 is caught by type comparison) */
+       if (pos >= c->cpcount || c->cptags[pos] != ctype) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Illegal constant pool index");
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       return c->cpinfos[pos];
 }
 
+
 /******************** function: innerclass_getconstant ************************
 
-    like class_getconstant, but if cptags is ZERO null is returned                                      
+    like class_getconstant, but if cptags is ZERO null is returned
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-voidptr innerclass_getconstant (classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype) 
+voidptr innerclass_getconstant(classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype)
 {
        /* invalid position in constantpool */
-       if (pos >= c->cpcount) 
-               panic ("Attempt to access constant outside range");
+       if (pos >= c->cpcount) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Illegal constant pool index");
+               return NULL;
+       }
 
        /* constantpool entry of type 0 */      
        if (!c->cptags[pos])
@@ -542,59 +730,121 @@ voidptr innerclass_getconstant (classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype)
 
        /* check type of constantpool entry */
        if (c->cptags[pos] != ctype) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "Type mismatch on constant: %d requested, %d here (innerclass_getconstant)",
-                (int) ctype, (int) c->cptags[pos] );
-               error();
-               }
+               *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Illegal constant pool index");
+               return NULL;
+       }
                
        return c->cpinfos[pos];
 }
 
+
+/********************* Function: class_constanttype ****************************
+
+       Determines the type of a class entry in the ConstantPool
+       
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+u4 class_constanttype(classinfo *c, u4 pos)
+{
+       if (pos <= 0 || pos >= c->cpcount) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Illegal constant pool index");
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       return c->cptags[pos];
+}
+
+
 /************************ function: attribute_load ****************************
 
     read attributes from classfile
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void attribute_load (u4 num, classinfo *c)
+static bool attribute_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, u4 num)
 {
-       u4 i,j;
+       utf *aname;
+       u4 i, j;
 
        for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
-               /* retrieve attribute name */   
-               utf *aname = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+               /* retrieve attribute name */
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                       return false;
+
+               if (!(aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8)))
+                       return false;
 
-               if ( aname == utf_innerclasses)  {                      
+               if (aname == utf_innerclasses) {
                        /* innerclasses attribute */
+                       if (c->innerclass) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Multiple InnerClasses attributes");
+                               return false;
+                       }
                                
-                       /* skip attribute length */                                             
-                       suck_u4(); 
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       /* skip attribute length */
+                       suck_u4(cb);
+
                        /* number of records */
-                       c->innerclasscount = suck_u2();
-                       /* allocate memory for innerclass structure */
-                       c->innerclass = MNEW (innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
+                       c->innerclasscount = suck_u2(cb);
 
-                       for (j=0;j<c->innerclasscount;j++) {
-                               
-                               /*  The innerclass structure contains a class with an encoded name, 
-                                   its defining scope, its simple name  and a bitmask of the access flags. 
-                                   If an inner class is not a member, its outer_class is NULL, 
-                                   if a class is anonymous, its name is NULL.                              */
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, (2 + 2 + 2 + 2) * c->innerclasscount))
+                               return false;
+
+                       /* allocate memory for innerclass structure */
+                       c->innerclass = MNEW(innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
+
+                       for (j = 0; j < c->innerclasscount; j++) {
+                               /* The innerclass structure contains a class with an encoded
+                                  name, its defining scope, its simple name and a bitmask of
+                                  the access flags. If an inner class is not a member, its
+                                  outer_class is NULL, if a class is anonymous, its name is
+                                  NULL. */
                                                                
                                innerclassinfo *info = c->innerclass + j;
 
-                               info->inner_class = innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Class); /* CONSTANT_Class_info index */
-                               info->outer_class = innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Class); /* CONSTANT_Class_info index */
-                               info->name  = innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);        /* CONSTANT_Utf8_info index  */
-                               info->flags = suck_u2 ();                                                 /* access_flags bitmask      */
+                               info->inner_class =
+                                       innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class);
+                               info->outer_class =
+                                       innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class);
+                               info->name =
+                                       innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+                               info->flags = suck_u2(cb);
+                       }
+
+               } else if (aname == utf_sourcefile) {
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       if (suck_u4(cb) != 2) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Wrong size for VALUE attribute");
+                               return false;
+                       }
+
+                       if (c->sourcefile) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Multiple SourceFile attributes");
+                               return false;
                        }
+
+                       if (!(c->sourcefile = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8)))
+                               return false;
+
                } else {
                        /* unknown attribute */
-                       skipattributebody ();
+                       if (!skipattributebody(cb))
+                               return false;
                }
        }
+
+       return true;
 }
 
+
 /******************* function: checkfielddescriptor ****************************
 
        checks whether a field-descriptor is valid and aborts otherwise
@@ -604,6 +854,14 @@ static void attribute_load (u4 num, classinfo *c)
 
 static void checkfielddescriptor (char *utf_ptr, char *end_pos)
 {
+       class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr,end_pos,NULL,
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_NEW
+                                                 | CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE
+                                                 | CLASSLOAD_NOVOID
+                                                 | CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND);
+       
+       /* XXX use the following if -noverify */
+#if 0
        char *tstart;  /* pointer to start of classname */
        char ch;
        char *start = utf_ptr;
@@ -632,6 +890,7 @@ static void checkfielddescriptor (char *utf_ptr, char *end_pos)
        
        /* exceeding characters */              
        if (utf_ptr!=end_pos) panic ("descriptor has exceeding chars");
+#endif
 }
 
 
@@ -639,22 +898,62 @@ static void checkfielddescriptor (char *utf_ptr, char *end_pos)
 
     checks whether a method-descriptor is valid and aborts otherwise.
     All referenced classes are inserted into the list of unloaded classes.
+
+    The number of arguments is returned. A long or double argument is counted
+    as two arguments.
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void checkmethoddescriptor (utf *d)
+static int checkmethoddescriptor(classinfo *c, utf *descriptor)
 {
-       char *utf_ptr = d->text;     /* current position in utf text   */
-       char *end_pos = utf_end(d);  /* points behind utf string       */
-       char *tstart;                /* pointer to start of classname  */
-       char c,ch;
-       char *start;
+       char *utf_ptr;                      /* current position in utf text       */
+       char *end_pos;                      /* points behind utf string           */
+       s4 argcount = 0;                    /* number of arguments                */
+
+       utf_ptr = descriptor->text;
+       end_pos = utf_end(descriptor);
 
        /* method descriptor must start with parenthesis */
-       /* XXX check length */
-       if (*utf_ptr++ != '(') panic ("Missing '(' in method descriptor");
+       if (utf_ptr == end_pos || *utf_ptr++ != '(')
+               panic ("Missing '(' in method descriptor");
+
+    /* check arguments */
+    while (utf_ptr != end_pos && *utf_ptr != ')') {
+               /* We cannot count the this argument here because
+                * we don't know if the method is static. */
+               if (*utf_ptr == 'J' || *utf_ptr == 'D')
+                       argcount+=2;
+               else
+                       argcount++;
+               class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr,end_pos,&utf_ptr,
+                                                         CLASSLOAD_NEW
+                                                         | CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE
+                                                         | CLASSLOAD_NOVOID);
+       }
 
-       /* XXX check length */
+       if (utf_ptr == end_pos)
+               panic("Missing ')' in method descriptor");
+
+    utf_ptr++; /* skip ')' */
+
+       class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr,
+                                                 end_pos,
+                                                 NULL,
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_NEW |
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE |
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND);
+
+       if (argcount > 255) {
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_classformaterror(c, "Too many arguments in signature");
+
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       return argcount;
+
+       /* XXX use the following if -noverify */
+#if 0
        /* check arguments */
        while ((c = *utf_ptr++) != ')') {
                start = utf_ptr-1;
@@ -690,158 +989,237 @@ static void checkmethoddescriptor (utf *d)
        else
                /* treat as field-descriptor */
                checkfielddescriptor (utf_ptr,end_pos);
+#endif
 }
 
+
 /***************** Function: print_arraydescriptor ****************************
 
        Debugging helper for displaying an arraydescriptor
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void
-print_arraydescriptor(FILE *file,arraydescriptor *desc)
+void print_arraydescriptor(FILE *file, arraydescriptor *desc)
 {
        if (!desc) {
-               fprintf(file,"<NULL>");
+               fprintf(file, "<NULL>");
                return;
        }
 
-       fprintf(file,"{");
+       fprintf(file, "{");
        if (desc->componentvftbl) {
                if (desc->componentvftbl->class)
-                       utf_fprint(file,desc->componentvftbl->class->name);
+                       utf_fprint(file, desc->componentvftbl->class->name);
                else
-                       fprintf(file,"<no classinfo>");
+                       fprintf(file, "<no classinfo>");
        }
        else
-               fprintf(file,"0");
+               fprintf(file, "0");
                
-       fprintf(file,",");
+       fprintf(file, ",");
        if (desc->elementvftbl) {
                if (desc->elementvftbl->class)
-                       utf_fprint(file,desc->elementvftbl->class->name);
+                       utf_fprint(file, desc->elementvftbl->class->name);
                else
-                       fprintf(file,"<no classinfo>");
+                       fprintf(file, "<no classinfo>");
        }
        else
-               fprintf(file,"0");
-       fprintf(file,",%d,%d,%d,%d}",desc->arraytype,desc->dimension,
-                       desc->dataoffset,desc->componentsize);
+               fprintf(file, "0");
+       fprintf(file, ",%d,%d,%d,%d}", desc->arraytype, desc->dimension,
+                       desc->dataoffset, desc->componentsize);
 }
 
+
 /******************************************************************************/
 /**************************  Functions for fields  ****************************/
 /******************************************************************************/
 
 
-/************************ Function: field_load *********************************
+/* field_load ******************************************************************
 
-       Load everything about a class field from the class file and fill a
-       'fieldinfo' structure. For static fields, space in the data segment is
-       allocated.
+   Load everything about a class field from the class file and fill a
+   'fieldinfo' structure. For static fields, space in the data segment is
+   allocated.
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void field_load (fieldinfo *f, classinfo *c)
+#define field_load_NOVALUE  0xffffffff /* must be bigger than any u2 value! */
+
+static bool field_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, fieldinfo *f)
 {
-       u4 attrnum,i;
+       u4 attrnum, i;
        u4 jtype;
+       u4 pindex = field_load_NOVALUE;     /* constantvalue_index */
+       utf *u;
 
-       f -> flags = suck_u2 ();                                           /* ACC flags                   */
-       f -> name = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);       /* name of field               */
-       f -> descriptor = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8); /* JavaVM descriptor           */
-       f -> type = jtype = desc_to_type (f->descriptor);                  /* data type                   */
-       f -> offset = 0;                                                   /* offset from start of object */
-       f->xta = NULL;
-       
-       switch (f->type) {
-       case TYPE_INT:        f->value.i = 0; break;
-       case TYPE_FLOAT:      f->value.f = 0.0; break;
-       case TYPE_DOUBLE:     f->value.d = 0.0; break;
-       case TYPE_ADDRESS:    f->value.a = NULL;                              
-                             heap_addreference (&(f->value.a));           /* make global reference (GC)  */    
-                             break;
-       case TYPE_LONG:
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2 + 2))
+               return false;
+
+       f->flags = suck_u2(cb);
+
+       if (!(u = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8)))
+               return false;
+       f->name = u;
+
+       if (!(u = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8)))
+               return false;
+       f->descriptor = u;
+
+       if (opt_verify) {
+               /* check name */
+               if (!is_valid_name_utf(f->name) || f->name->text[0] == '<')
+                       panic("Field with invalid name");
+               
+               /* check flag consistency */
+               i = f->flags & (ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_PROTECTED);
+
+               if ((i != 0 && i != ACC_PUBLIC && i != ACC_PRIVATE && i != ACC_PROTECTED) ||
+                       ((f->flags & (ACC_FINAL | ACC_VOLATILE)) == (ACC_FINAL | ACC_VOLATILE))) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                        "Illegal field modifiers: 0x%X",
+                                                                        f->flags);
+                       return false;
+               }
+
+               if (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) {
+                       if (((f->flags & (ACC_STATIC | ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL))
+                               != (ACC_STATIC | ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL)) ||
+                               f->flags & ACC_TRANSIENT) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                "Illegal field modifiers: 0x%X",
+                                                                                f->flags);
+                               return false;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* check descriptor */
+               checkfielddescriptor(f->descriptor->text, utf_end(f->descriptor));
+       }
+               
+       f->type = jtype = desc_to_type(f->descriptor);    /* data type            */
+       f->offset = 0;                             /* offset from start of object */
+       f->class = c;
+       f->xta = NULL;
+       
+       switch (f->type) {
+       case TYPE_INT:     f->value.i = 0; break;
+       case TYPE_FLOAT:   f->value.f = 0.0; break;
+       case TYPE_DOUBLE:  f->value.d = 0.0; break;
+       case TYPE_ADDRESS: f->value.a = NULL; break;
+       case TYPE_LONG:
 #if U8_AVAILABLE
                f->value.l = 0; break;
 #else
                f->value.l.low = 0; f->value.l.high = 0; break;
-#endif 
+#endif
        }
 
        /* read attributes */
-       attrnum = suck_u2();
-       for (i=0; i<attrnum; i++) {
-               u4 pindex;
-               utf *aname;
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return false;
 
-               aname = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
-               
-               if ( aname != utf_constantvalue ) {
-                       /* unknown attribute */
-                       skipattributebody ();
+       attrnum = suck_u2(cb);
+       for (i = 0; i < attrnum; i++) {
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                       return false;
+
+               if (!(u = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8)))
+                       return false;
+
+               if (u == utf_constantvalue) {
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       /* check attribute length */
+                       if (suck_u4(cb) != 2) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Wrong size for VALUE attribute");
+                               return false;
                        }
-               else {
+                       
                        /* constant value attribute */
+                       if (pindex != field_load_NOVALUE) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                "Multiple ConstantValue attributes");
+                               return false;
+                       }
                        
-                       /* skip attribute length */
-                       suck_u4();
                        /* index of value in constantpool */            
-                       pindex = suck_u2();
+                       pindex = suck_u2(cb);
                
                        /* initialize field with value from constantpool */             
                        switch (jtype) {
-                               case TYPE_INT: {
-                                       constant_integer *ci = 
-                                               class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Integer);
-                                       f->value.i = ci -> value;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+                       case TYPE_INT: {
+                               constant_integer *ci; 
+
+                               if (!(ci = class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Integer)))
+                                       return false;
+
+                               f->value.i = ci->value;
+                       }
+                       break;
                                        
-                               case TYPE_LONG: {
-                                       constant_long *cl = 
-                                          class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Long);
-       
-                                       f->value.l = cl -> value;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+                       case TYPE_LONG: {
+                               constant_long *cl; 
 
-                               case TYPE_FLOAT: {
-                                       constant_float *cf = 
-                                           class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Float);
-       
-                                       f->value.f = cf->value;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+                               if (!(cl = class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Long)))
+                                       return false;
+
+                               f->value.l = cl->value;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+                       case TYPE_FLOAT: {
+                               constant_float *cf;
+
+                               if (!(cf = class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Float)))
+                                       return false;
+
+                               f->value.f = cf->value;
+                       }
+                       break;
                                                                                        
-                               case TYPE_DOUBLE: {
-                                       constant_double *cd = 
-                                           class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Double);
-       
-                                       f->value.d = cd->value;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
-                                               
-                               case TYPE_ADDRESS: { 
-                                       utf *u = class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_String);
-                                       /* create javastring from compressed utf8-string */                                     
-                                       f->value.a = literalstring_new(u);
-                                       }
-                                       break;
-       
-                               default: 
-                                       log_text ("Invalid Constant - Type");
+                       case TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+                               constant_double *cd;
 
-                               }
+                               if (!(cd = class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Double)))
+                                       return false;
 
+                               f->value.d = cd->value;
                        }
+                       break;
+                                               
+                       case TYPE_ADDRESS:
+                               if (!(u = class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_String)))
+                                       return false;
+
+                               /* create javastring from compressed utf8-string */
+                               f->value.a = literalstring_new(u);
+                               break;
+       
+                       default: 
+                               log_text("Invalid Constant - Type");
+                       }
+
+               } else {
+                       /* unknown attribute */
+                       if (!skipattributebody(cb))
+                               return false;
                }
+       }
+
+       /* everything was ok */
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 
 /********************** function: field_free **********************************/
 
-static void field_free (fieldinfo *f)
+static void field_free(fieldinfo *f)
 {
        /* empty */
 }
@@ -849,212 +1227,447 @@ static void field_free (fieldinfo *f)
 
 /**************** Function: field_display (debugging only) ********************/
 
-void field_display (fieldinfo *f)
+void field_display(fieldinfo *f)
 {
-       printf ("   ");
-       printflags (f -> flags);
-       printf (" ");
-       utf_display (f -> name);
-       printf (" ");
-       utf_display (f -> descriptor);  
-       printf (" offset: %ld\n", (long int) (f -> offset) );
+       printf("   ");
+       printflags(f->flags);
+       printf(" ");
+       utf_display(f->name);
+       printf(" ");
+       utf_display(f->descriptor);     
+       printf(" offset: %ld\n", (long int) (f->offset));
 }
 
 
 /******************************************************************************/
-/************************* Functions for methods ******************************/ 
+/************************* Functions for methods ******************************/
 /******************************************************************************/
 
 
-/*********************** Function: method_load *********************************
+/* method_load *****************************************************************
 
-       Loads a method from the class file and fills an existing 'methodinfo'
-       structure. For native methods, the function pointer field is set to the
-       real function pointer, for JavaVM methods a pointer to the compiler is used
-       preliminarily.
+   Loads a method from the class file and fills an existing 'methodinfo'
+   structure. For native methods, the function pointer field is set to the
+   real function pointer, for JavaVM methods a pointer to the compiler is used
+   preliminarily.
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void method_load (methodinfo *m, classinfo *c)
+static bool method_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, methodinfo *m)
 {
-       u4 attrnum,i,e;
-       
+       s4 argcount;
+       s4 i, j;
+       u4 attrnum;
+       u4 codeattrnum;
+       utf *u;
+
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       initObjectLock(&m->header);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_all_methods++;
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_all_methods++;
 #endif
 
-       m -> class = c;
-       
-       m -> flags = suck_u2 ();
-       m -> name =  class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
-       m -> descriptor = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+       m->thrownexceptionscount = 0;
+       m->linenumbercount = 0;
+       m->linenumbers = 0;
+       m->class = c;
+       m->nativelyoverloaded = false;
        
-       m -> jcode = NULL;
-       m -> exceptiontable = NULL;
-       m -> entrypoint = NULL;
-       m -> mcode = NULL;
-       m -> stubroutine = NULL;
-        m -> methodUsed = NOTUSED;    
-        m -> monoPoly = MONO;    
-       m -> subRedefs = 0;
-       m -> subRedefsUsed = 0;
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2 + 2))
+               return false;
 
-       m->xta = NULL;
+       m->flags = suck_u2(cb);
+
+       if (!(u = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8)))
+               return false;
+       m->name = u;
+
+       if (!(u = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8)))
+               return false;
+       m->descriptor = u;
+
+       if (opt_verify) {
+               if (!is_valid_name_utf(m->name))
+                       panic("Method with invalid name");
+
+               if (m->name->text[0] == '<'
+                       && m->name != utf_init && m->name != utf_clinit)
+                       panic("Method with invalid special name");
+       }
        
-       if (! (m->flags & ACC_NATIVE) ) {
-               m -> stubroutine = createcompilerstub (m);
+       argcount = checkmethoddescriptor(c, m->descriptor);
+
+       if (!(m->flags & ACC_STATIC))
+               argcount++; /* count the 'this' argument */
+
+       if (opt_verify) {
+               if (argcount > 255) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_classformaterror(c, "Too many arguments in signature");
+                       return false;
                }
-       else {
 
-               functionptr f = native_findfunction 
-                      (c->name, m->name, m->descriptor, (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) != 0);
-               if (f) {
-                       m -> stubroutine = createnativestub (f, m);
+               /* check flag consistency */
+               if (m->name != utf_clinit) {
+                       i = (m->flags & (ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_PROTECTED));
+
+                       if (i != 0 && i != ACC_PUBLIC && i != ACC_PRIVATE && i != ACC_PROTECTED) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                "Illegal method modifiers: 0x%X",
+                                                                                m->flags);
+                               return false;
+                       }
+
+                       if (m->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) {
+                               if ((m->flags & (ACC_FINAL | ACC_NATIVE | ACC_PRIVATE |
+                                                                ACC_STATIC | ACC_STRICT | ACC_SYNCHRONIZED))) {
+                                       *exceptionptr =
+                                               new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                        "Illegal method modifiers: 0x%X",
+                                                                                        m->flags);
+                                       return false;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       if (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) {
+                               if ((m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_PUBLIC)) != (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_PUBLIC)) {
+                                       *exceptionptr =
+                                               new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                        "Illegal method modifiers: 0x%X",
+                                                                                        m->flags);
+                                       return false;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       if (m->name == utf_init) {
+                               if (m->flags & (ACC_STATIC | ACC_FINAL | ACC_SYNCHRONIZED |
+                                                               ACC_NATIVE | ACC_ABSTRACT))
+                                       panic("Instance initialization method has invalid flags set");
                        }
                }
+       }
+               
+       m->jcode = NULL;
+       m->basicblockcount = 0;
+       m->basicblocks = NULL;
+       m->basicblockindex = NULL;
+       m->instructioncount = 0;
+       m->instructions = NULL;
+       m->stackcount = 0;
+       m->stack = NULL;
+       m->exceptiontable = NULL;
+       m->stubroutine = NULL;
+       m->mcode = NULL;
+       m->entrypoint = NULL;
+       m->methodUsed = NOTUSED;    
+       m->monoPoly = MONO;    
+       m->subRedefs = 0;
+       m->subRedefsUsed = 0;
+
+       m->xta = NULL;
+       
+       if (!(m->flags & ACC_NATIVE)) {
+               m->stubroutine = createcompilerstub(m);
+
+       } else {
+               /*if (useinlining) {
+                       log_text("creating native stub:");
+                       method_display(m);
+               }*/
+               functionptr f = native_findfunction(c->name, m->name, m->descriptor, 
+                                                       (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) != 0);
+#ifdef STATIC_CLASSPATH
+               if (f) 
+#endif
+                {
+                       m->stubroutine = createnativestub(f, m);
+               }
+       }
        
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return false;
        
-       attrnum = suck_u2();
-       for (i=0; i<attrnum; i++) {
+       attrnum = suck_u2(cb);
+       for (i = 0; i < attrnum; i++) {
                utf *aname;
 
-               aname = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                       return false;
+
+               if (!(aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8)))
+                       return false;
+
+               if (aname == utf_code) {
+                       if (m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_NATIVE)) {
+                                       *exceptionptr =
+                                               new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                        "Code attribute in native or abstract methods");
 
-               if ( aname != utf_code)  {
-                       skipattributebody ();
+                                       return false;
                        }
-               else {
-                       if (m -> jcode) panic ("Two code-attributes for one method!");
                        
-                       suck_u4();
-                       m -> maxstack = suck_u2();
-                       m -> maxlocals = suck_u2();
-                       m -> jcodelength = suck_u4();
-                       m -> jcode = MNEW (u1, m->jcodelength);
-                       suck_nbytes (m->jcode, m->jcodelength);
-                       m -> exceptiontablelength = suck_u2 ();
-                       m -> exceptiontable = 
-                          MNEW (exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
+                       if (m->jcode) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Multiple Code attributes");
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vmcode_len += m->jcodelength + 18;
-       count_extable_len += 8 * m->exceptiontablelength;
+                               return false;
+                       }
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       suck_u4(cb);
+                       m->maxstack = suck_u2(cb);
+                       m->maxlocals = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       if (m->maxlocals < argcount) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Arguments can't fit into locals");
+
+                               return false;
+                       }
+                       
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4))
+                               return false;
+
+                       m->jcodelength = suck_u4(cb);
+
+                       if (m->jcodelength == 0) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Code of a method has length 0");
+
+                               return false;
+                       }
+                       
+                       if (m->jcodelength > 65535) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                "Code of a method longer than 65535 bytes");
+
+                               return false;
+                       }
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, m->jcodelength))
+                               return false;
+
+                       m->jcode = MNEW(u1, m->jcodelength);
+                       suck_nbytes(m->jcode, cb, m->jcodelength);
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       m->exceptiontablelength = suck_u2(cb);
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, (2 + 2 + 2 + 2) * m->exceptiontablelength))
+                               return false;
+
+                       m->exceptiontable = MNEW(exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
+
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat) {
+                               count_vmcode_len += m->jcodelength + 18;
+                               count_extable_len += 8 * m->exceptiontablelength;
+                       }
 #endif
 
-                       for (e=0; e < m->exceptiontablelength; e++) {
+                       for (j = 0; j < m->exceptiontablelength; j++) {
                                u4 idx;
-                               m -> exceptiontable[e].startpc = suck_u2();
-                               m -> exceptiontable[e].endpc = suck_u2();
-                               m -> exceptiontable[e].handlerpc = suck_u2();
-
-                               idx = suck_u2();
-                               if (!idx) m -> exceptiontable[e].catchtype = NULL;
-                               else {
-                                       m -> exceptiontable[e].catchtype = 
-                                     class_getconstant (c, idx, CONSTANT_Class);
+                               m->exceptiontable[j].startpc = suck_u2(cb);
+                               m->exceptiontable[j].endpc = suck_u2(cb);
+                               m->exceptiontable[j].handlerpc = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                               idx = suck_u2(cb);
+                               if (!idx) {
+                                       m->exceptiontable[j].catchtype = NULL;
+
+                               } else {
+                                       if (!(m->exceptiontable[j].catchtype =
+                                                 class_getconstant(c, idx, CONSTANT_Class)))
+                                               return false;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       codeattrnum = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       for (; codeattrnum > 0; codeattrnum--) {
+                               utf *caname;
+
+                               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                                       return false;
+
+                               if (!(caname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8)))
+                                       return false;
+
+                               if (caname == utf_linenumbertable) {
+                                       u2 lncid;
+
+                                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                                               return false;
+
+                                       suck_u4(cb);
+                                       m->linenumbercount = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb,
+                                                                                               (2 + 2) * m->linenumbercount))
+                                               return false;
+
+                                       m->linenumbers = MNEW(lineinfo, m->linenumbercount);
+                                       
+                                       for (lncid = 0; lncid < m->linenumbercount; lncid++) {
+                                               m->linenumbers[lncid].start_pc = suck_u2(cb);
+                                               m->linenumbers[lncid].line_number = suck_u2(cb);
                                        }
-                               }                       
+                                       codeattrnum--;
 
-                       skipattributes ( suck_u2() );
+                                       if (!skipattributes(cb, codeattrnum))
+                                               return false;
+                                       
+                                       break;
+
+                               } else {
+                                       if (!skipattributebody(cb))
+                                               return false;
+                               }
                        }
-                       
-               }
 
-}
+               } else if (aname == utf_exceptions) {
+                       s4 j;
 
-/********************* Function: method_free ***********************************
+                       if (m->thrownexceptions) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Multiple Exceptions attributes");
+                               return false;
+                       }
 
-       frees all memory that was allocated for this method
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                               return false;
 
-*******************************************************************************/
+                       suck_u4(cb); /* length */
+                       m->thrownexceptionscount = suck_u2(cb);
 
-static void method_free (methodinfo *m)
-{
-       if (m->jcode) MFREE (m->jcode, u1, m->jcodelength);
-       if (m->exceptiontable) 
-               MFREE (m->exceptiontable, exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
-       if (m->mcode) CFREE (m->mcode, m->mcodelength);
-       if (m->stubroutine) {
-               if (m->flags & ACC_NATIVE) removenativestub (m->stubroutine);
-               else                       removecompilerstub (m->stubroutine);
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 * m->thrownexceptionscount))
+                               return false;
+
+                       m->thrownexceptions = MNEW(classinfo*, m->thrownexceptionscount);
+
+                       for (j = 0; j < m->thrownexceptionscount; j++) {
+                               if (!((m->thrownexceptions)[j] =
+                                         class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class)))
+                                       return false;
+                       }
+                               
+               } else {
+                       if (!skipattributebody(cb))
+                               return false;
                }
-}
+       }
 
+       if (!m->jcode && !(m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_NATIVE))) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Missing Code attribute");
 
-/************** Function: method_display  (debugging only) **************/
+               return false;
+       }
 
-void method_display (methodinfo *m)
-{
-       printf ("   ");
-       printflags (m -> flags);
-       printf (" ");
-       utf_display (m -> name);
-       printf (" "); 
-       utf_display (m -> descriptor);
-       printf ("\n");
+       /* everything was ok */
+       /*              utf_display(m->name);
+                       printf("\nexceptiontablelength:%ld\n",m->exceptiontablelength);*/
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 
-/******************** Function: method_canoverwrite ****************************
+/********************* Function: method_free ***********************************
 
-       Check if m and old are identical with respect to type and name. This means
-       that old can be overwritten with m.
-       
-*******************************************************************************/  
+       frees all memory that was allocated for this method
 
-static bool method_canoverwrite (methodinfo *m, methodinfo *old)
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+static void method_free(methodinfo *m)
 {
-       if (m->name != old->name) return false;
-       if (m->descriptor != old->descriptor) return false;
-       if (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) return false;
-       return true;
-}
+       if (m->jcode)
+               MFREE(m->jcode, u1, m->jcodelength);
 
+       if (m->exceptiontable)
+               MFREE(m->exceptiontable, exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
 
+       if (m->mcode)
+               CFREE(m->mcode, m->mcodelength);
 
+       if (m->stubroutine) {
+               if (m->flags & ACC_NATIVE) {
+                       removenativestub(m->stubroutine);
 
-/******************************************************************************/
-/************************ Functions for class *********************************/
-/******************************************************************************/
+               } else {
+                       removecompilerstub(m->stubroutine);
+               }
+       }
+}
 
 
-/******************** function:: class_getconstant ******************************
+/************** Function: method_display  (debugging only) **************/
 
-       retrieves the value at position 'pos' of the constantpool of a class
-       if the type of the value is other than 'ctype' the system is stopped
+void method_display(methodinfo *m)
+{
+       printf("   ");
+       printflags(m->flags);
+       printf(" ");
+       utf_display(m->name);
+       printf(" "); 
+       utf_display(m->descriptor);
+       printf("\n");
+}
 
-*******************************************************************************/
+/************** Function: method_display_w_class  (debugging only) **************/
 
-voidptr class_getconstant (classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype) 
+void method_display_w_class(methodinfo *m)
 {
-       /* invalid position in constantpool */  
-       if (pos >= c->cpcount) 
-               panic ("Attempt to access constant outside range");
+        printflags(m->class->flags);
+        printf(" "); fflush(stdout);
+        utf_display(m->class->name);
+        printf(".");fflush(stdout);
+
+        printf("   ");
+        printflags(m->flags);
+        printf(" "); fflush(stdout);
+        utf_display(m->name);
+        printf(" "); fflush(stdout);
+        utf_display(m->descriptor);
+        printf("\n"); fflush(stdout);
+}
 
-       /* check type of constantpool entry */
+/************** Function: method_display_flags_last  (debugging only) **************/
 
-       if (c->cptags[pos] != ctype) {
-               class_showconstantpool(c);
-               sprintf (logtext, "Type mismatch on constant: %d requested, %d here (class_getconstant)",
-                (int) ctype, (int) c->cptags[pos] );
-               error();
-               }
-               
-       return c->cpinfos[pos];
+void method_display_flags_last(methodinfo *m)
+{
+        printf(" ");
+        utf_display(m->name);
+        printf(" ");
+        utf_display(m->descriptor);
+        printf("   ");
+        printflags(m->flags);
+        printf("\n");
 }
 
 
-/********************* Function: class_constanttype ****************************
+/******************** Function: method_canoverwrite ****************************
 
-       Determines the type of a class entry in the ConstantPool
+       Check if m and old are identical with respect to type and name. This means
+       that old can be overwritten with m.
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-u4 class_constanttype (classinfo *c, u4 pos)
+static bool method_canoverwrite(methodinfo *m, methodinfo *old)
 {
-       if (pos >= c->cpcount) 
-               panic ("Attempt to access constant outside range");
-       return c->cptags[pos];
+       if (m->name != old->name) return false;
+       if (m->descriptor != old->descriptor) return false;
+       if (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) return false;
+       return true;
 }
 
 
@@ -1067,7 +1680,7 @@ u4 class_constanttype (classinfo *c, u4 pos)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
+static bool class_loadcpool(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c)
 {
 
        /* The following structures are used to save information which cannot be 
@@ -1075,17 +1688,17 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
           been traversed the references can be resolved. 
           (only in specific order)                                                */
        
-       /* CONSTANT_Class_info entries */
-       typedef struct forward_class {      
-               struct forward_class *next; 
-               u2 thisindex;               
-               u2 name_index;              
-       } forward_class;                    
-                                        
-       /* CONSTANT_String */                                      
-       typedef struct forward_string { 
-               struct forward_string *next; 
-               u2 thisindex;                
+       /* CONSTANT_Class entries */
+       typedef struct forward_class {
+               struct forward_class *next;
+               u2 thisindex;
+               u2 name_index;
+       } forward_class;
+
+       /* CONSTANT_String */
+       typedef struct forward_string {
+               struct forward_string *next;
+               u2 thisindex;
                u2 string_index;
        } forward_string;
 
@@ -1098,7 +1711,7 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
        } forward_nameandtype;
 
        /* CONSTANT_Fieldref, CONSTANT_Methodref or CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref */
-       typedef struct forward_fieldmethint {   
+       typedef struct forward_fieldmethint {
                struct forward_fieldmethint *next;
                u2 thisindex;
                u1 tag;
@@ -1108,284 +1721,384 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
 
 
        u4 idx;
-       long int dumpsize = dump_size ();
 
        forward_class *forward_classes = NULL;
        forward_string *forward_strings = NULL;
        forward_nameandtype *forward_nameandtypes = NULL;
        forward_fieldmethint *forward_fieldmethints = NULL;
 
-       /* number of entries in the constant_pool table  */
-       u4 cpcount       = c -> cpcount = suck_u2();
+       forward_class *nfc;
+       forward_string *nfs;
+       forward_nameandtype *nfn;
+       forward_fieldmethint *nff;
+
+       u4 cpcount;
+       u1 *cptags;
+       voidptr *cpinfos;
+
+       /* number of entries in the constant_pool table plus one */
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return false;
+
+       cpcount = c->cpcount = suck_u2(cb);
+
        /* allocate memory */
-       u1 *cptags       = c -> cptags  = MNEW (u1, cpcount);
-       voidptr *cpinfos = c -> cpinfos = MNEW (voidptr, cpcount);
+       cptags  = c->cptags  = MNEW(u1, cpcount);
+       cpinfos = c->cpinfos = MNEW(voidptr, cpcount);
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += (sizeof(voidptr) + 1) * cpcount;
+       if (cpcount < 1) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Illegal constant pool size");
+               return false;
+       }
+       
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_const_pool_len += (sizeof(voidptr) + 1) * cpcount;
 #endif
        
        /* initialize constantpool */
-       for (idx=0; idx<cpcount; idx++) {
+       for (idx = 0; idx < cpcount; idx++) {
                cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_UNUSED;
                cpinfos[idx] = NULL;
-               }
+       }
 
                        
-               /******* first pass *******/
-               /* entries which cannot be resolved now are written into 
-                  temporary structures and traversed again later        */
+       /******* first pass *******/
+       /* entries which cannot be resolved now are written into 
+          temporary structures and traversed again later        */
                   
        idx = 1;
        while (idx < cpcount) {
+               u4 t;
+
                /* get constant type */
-               u4 t = suck_u1 (); 
-               switch ( t ) {
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 1))
+                       return false;
 
-                       case CONSTANT_Class: { 
-                               forward_class *nfc = DNEW(forward_class);
+               t = suck_u1(cb);
 
-                               nfc -> next = forward_classes;                                                                                  
-                               forward_classes = nfc;
+               switch (t) {
+               case CONSTANT_Class:
+                       nfc = NEW(forward_class);
 
-                               nfc -> thisindex = idx;
-                               /* reference to CONSTANT_NameAndType */
-                               nfc -> name_index = suck_u2 (); 
+                       nfc->next = forward_classes;
+                       forward_classes = nfc;
 
-                               idx++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       nfc->thisindex = idx;
+                       /* reference to CONSTANT_NameAndType */
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       nfc->name_index = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
                        
-                       case CONSTANT_Fieldref:
-                       case CONSTANT_Methodref:
-                       case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: { 
-                               forward_fieldmethint *nff = DNEW (forward_fieldmethint);
-                               
-                               nff -> next = forward_fieldmethints;
-                               forward_fieldmethints = nff;
-
-                               nff -> thisindex = idx;
-                               /* constant type */
-                               nff -> tag = t;
-                               /* class or interface type that contains the declaration of the field or method */
-                               nff -> class_index = suck_u2 (); 
-                               /* name and descriptor of the field or method */
-                               nff -> nameandtype_index = suck_u2 ();
-
-                               idx ++;
-                               break;
-                               }
-                               
-                       case CONSTANT_String: {
-                               forward_string *nfs = DNEW (forward_string);
+               case CONSTANT_String:
+                       nfs = NEW(forward_string);
                                
-                               nfs -> next = forward_strings;
-                               forward_strings = nfs;
+                       nfs->next = forward_strings;
+                       forward_strings = nfs;
                                
-                               nfs -> thisindex = idx;
-                               /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info with string characters */
-                               nfs -> string_index = suck_u2 ();
+                       nfs->thisindex = idx;
+
+                       /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info with string characters */
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       nfs->string_index = suck_u2(cb);
                                
-                               idx ++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
 
-                       case CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
-                               forward_nameandtype *nfn = DNEW (forward_nameandtype);
+               case CONSTANT_NameAndType:
+                       nfn = NEW(forward_nameandtype);
                                
-                               nfn -> next = forward_nameandtypes;
-                               forward_nameandtypes = nfn;
+                       nfn->next = forward_nameandtypes;
+                       forward_nameandtypes = nfn;
                                
-                               nfn -> thisindex = idx;
-                               /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info containing simple name */
-                               nfn -> name_index = suck_u2 ();
-                               /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info containing field or method descriptor */
-                               nfn -> sig_index = suck_u2 ();
+                       nfn->thisindex = idx;
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info containing simple name */
+                       nfn->name_index = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info containing field or method
+                          descriptor */
+                       nfn->sig_index = suck_u2(cb);
                                
-                               idx ++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
 
-                       case CONSTANT_Integer: {
-                               constant_integer *ci = NEW (constant_integer);
+               case CONSTANT_Fieldref:
+               case CONSTANT_Methodref:
+               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
+                       nff = NEW(forward_fieldmethint);
+                       
+                       nff->next = forward_fieldmethints;
+                       forward_fieldmethints = nff;
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_integer);
-#endif
+                       nff->thisindex = idx;
+                       /* constant type */
+                       nff->tag = t;
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       /* class or interface type that contains the declaration of the
+                          field or method */
+                       nff->class_index = suck_u2(cb);
 
-                               ci -> value = suck_s4 ();
-                               cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Integer;
-                               cpinfos [idx] = ci;
-                               idx ++;
+                       /* name and descriptor of the field or method */
+                       nff->nameandtype_index = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
                                
-                               break;
-                               }
+               case CONSTANT_Integer: {
+                       constant_integer *ci = NEW(constant_integer);
+
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat)
+                               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_integer);
+#endif
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4))
+                               return false;
+
+                       ci->value = suck_s4(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Integer;
+                       cpinfos[idx] = ci;
+
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
                                
-                       case CONSTANT_Float: {
-                               constant_float *cf = NEW (constant_float);
+               case CONSTANT_Float: {
+                       constant_float *cf = NEW(constant_float);
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_float);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat)
+                               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_float);
 #endif
 
-                               cf -> value = suck_float ();
-                               cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Float;
-                               cpinfos[idx] = cf;
-                               idx ++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4))
+                               return false;
+
+                       cf->value = suck_float(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Float;
+                       cpinfos[idx] = cf;
+
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
                                
-                       case CONSTANT_Long: {
-                               constant_long *cl = NEW(constant_long);
+               case CONSTANT_Long: {
+                       constant_long *cl = NEW(constant_long);
                                        
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_long);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat)
+                               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_long);
 #endif
 
-                               cl -> value = suck_s8 ();
-                               cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Long;
-                               cpinfos [idx] = cl;
-                               idx += 2;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 8))
+                               return false;
+
+                       cl->value = suck_s8(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Long;
+                       cpinfos[idx] = cl;
+                       idx += 2;
+                       if (idx > cpcount) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Invalid constant pool entry");
+                               return false;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               }
                        
-                       case CONSTANT_Double: {
-                               constant_double *cd = NEW(constant_double);
+               case CONSTANT_Double: {
+                       constant_double *cd = NEW(constant_double);
                                
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_double);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat)
+                               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_double);
 #endif
 
-                               cd -> value = suck_double ();
-                               cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Double;
-                               cpinfos [idx] = cd;
-                               idx += 2;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 8))
+                               return false;
+
+                       cd->value = suck_double(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Double;
+                       cpinfos[idx] = cd;
+                       idx += 2;
+                       if (idx > cpcount) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Invalid constant pool entry");
+                               return false;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               }
                                
-                       case CONSTANT_Utf8: { 
-
-                               /* number of bytes in the bytes array (not string-length) */
-                               u4 length = suck_u2();
-                               cptags [idx]  = CONSTANT_Utf8;
-                               /* insert utf-string into the utf-symboltable */
-                               cpinfos [idx] = utf_new(classbuf_pos+1, length);
-                               /* skip bytes of the string */
-                               skip_nbytes(length);
-                               idx++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+               case CONSTANT_Utf8: { 
+                       u4 length;
+
+                       /* number of bytes in the bytes array (not string-length) */
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       length = suck_u2(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Utf8;
+
+                       /* validate the string */
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, length))
+                               return false;
+
+                       if (opt_verify &&
+                               !is_valid_utf((char *) (cb->pos + 1),
+                                                         (char *) (cb->pos + 1 + length))) {
+                               dolog("Invalid UTF-8 string (constant pool index %d)",idx);
+                               panic("Invalid UTF-8 string");
+                       }
+                       /* insert utf-string into the utf-symboltable */
+                       cpinfos[idx] = utf_new_intern((char *) (cb->pos + 1), length);
+
+                       /* skip bytes of the string (buffer size check above) */
+                       skip_nbytes(cb, length);
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
                                                                                
-                       default:
-                               sprintf (logtext, "Unkown constant type: %d",(int) t);
-                               error ();
-               
-                       }  /* end switch */
-                       
-               } /* end while */
-               
+               default:
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_classformaterror(c, "Illegal constant pool type");
+                       return false;
+               }  /* end switch */
+       } /* end while */
 
 
-          /* resolve entries in temporary structures */
+       /* resolve entries in temporary structures */
 
        while (forward_classes) {
                utf *name =
-                 class_getconstant (c, forward_classes -> name_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
+                       class_getconstant(c, forward_classes->name_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
-               cptags  [forward_classes -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_Class;
+               if (opt_verify && !is_valid_name_utf(name))
+                       panic("Class reference with invalid name");
+
+               cptags[forward_classes->thisindex] = CONSTANT_Class;
                /* retrieve class from class-table */
-               cpinfos [forward_classes -> thisindex] = class_new (name);
+               if (opt_eager) {
+                       classinfo *tc;
+                       tc = class_new_intern(name);
 
-               forward_classes = forward_classes -> next;
-               
+                       if (!class_load(tc))
+                               return false;
+
+                       /* link the class later, because we cannot link the class currently
+                          loading */
+                       list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, tc);
+
+                       cpinfos[forward_classes->thisindex] = tc;
+
+               } else {
+                       cpinfos[forward_classes->thisindex] = class_new(name);
                }
 
+               nfc = forward_classes;
+               forward_classes = forward_classes->next;
+               FREE(nfc, forward_class);
+       }
+
        while (forward_strings) {
-               utf *text = 
-                 class_getconstant (c, forward_strings -> string_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
-/*
-               log_text("forward_string:");
-               printf( "classpoolid: %d\n",forward_strings -> thisindex);
-               utf_display(text);
-               log_text("\n------------------"); */
-               /* resolve utf-string */                
-               cptags   [forward_strings -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_String;
-               cpinfos  [forward_strings -> thisindex] = text;
+               utf *text =
+                       class_getconstant(c, forward_strings->string_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
+
+               /* resolve utf-string */
+               cptags[forward_strings->thisindex] = CONSTANT_String;
+               cpinfos[forward_strings->thisindex] = text;
                
-               forward_strings = forward_strings -> next;
-               }       
+               nfs = forward_strings;
+               forward_strings = forward_strings->next;
+               FREE(nfs, forward_string);
+       }
 
        while (forward_nameandtypes) {
-               constant_nameandtype *cn = NEW (constant_nameandtype);  
+               constant_nameandtype *cn = NEW(constant_nameandtype);   
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_nameandtype);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+               if (opt_stat)
+                       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_nameandtype);
 #endif
 
                /* resolve simple name and descriptor */
-               cn -> name = class_getconstant 
-                  (c, forward_nameandtypes -> name_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
-               cn -> descriptor = class_getconstant
-                  (c, forward_nameandtypes -> sig_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
-                
-               cptags   [forward_nameandtypes -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_NameAndType;
-               cpinfos  [forward_nameandtypes -> thisindex] = cn;
-               
-               forward_nameandtypes = forward_nameandtypes -> next;
+               cn->name = class_getconstant(c,
+                                                                        forward_nameandtypes->name_index,
+                                                                        CONSTANT_Utf8);
+
+               cn->descriptor = class_getconstant(c,
+                                                                                  forward_nameandtypes->sig_index,
+                                                                                  CONSTANT_Utf8);
+
+               if (opt_verify) {
+                       /* check name */
+                       if (!is_valid_name_utf(cn->name))
+                               panic("NameAndType with invalid name");
+                       /* disallow referencing <clinit> among others */
+                       if (cn->name->text[0] == '<' && cn->name != utf_init)
+                               panic("NameAndType with invalid special name");
                }
 
+               cptags[forward_nameandtypes->thisindex] = CONSTANT_NameAndType;
+               cpinfos[forward_nameandtypes->thisindex] = cn;
+
+               nfn = forward_nameandtypes;
+               forward_nameandtypes = forward_nameandtypes->next;
+               FREE(nfn, forward_nameandtype);
+       }
 
-       while (forward_fieldmethints)  {
+       while (forward_fieldmethints) {
                constant_nameandtype *nat;
-               constant_FMIref *fmi = NEW (constant_FMIref);
+               constant_FMIref *fmi = NEW(constant_FMIref);
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_FMIref);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+               if (opt_stat)
+                       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_FMIref);
 #endif
                /* resolve simple name and descriptor */
-               nat = class_getconstant
-                       (c, forward_fieldmethints -> nameandtype_index, CONSTANT_NameAndType);
-
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG
-               log_text("trying to resolve:");
-               log_text(nat->name->text);
-               switch(forward_fieldmethints ->tag) {
-               case CONSTANT_Fieldref: 
-                               log_text("CONSTANT_Fieldref");
-                               break;
-               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: 
-                               log_text("CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref");
-                               break;
-               case CONSTANT_Methodref: 
-                               log_text("CONSTANT_Methodref");
-                               break;
-               }
-#endif
-               fmi -> class = class_getconstant 
-                       (c, forward_fieldmethints -> class_index, CONSTANT_Class);
-               fmi -> name = nat -> name;
-               fmi -> descriptor = nat -> descriptor;
-
-               cptags [forward_fieldmethints -> thisindex] = forward_fieldmethints -> tag;
-               cpinfos [forward_fieldmethints -> thisindex] = fmi;
+               nat = class_getconstant(c,
+                                                               forward_fieldmethints->nameandtype_index,
+                                                               CONSTANT_NameAndType);
+
+               fmi->class = class_getconstant(c,
+                                                                          forward_fieldmethints->class_index,
+                                                                          CONSTANT_Class);
+               fmi->name = nat->name;
+               fmi->descriptor = nat->descriptor;
+
+               cptags[forward_fieldmethints->thisindex] = forward_fieldmethints->tag;
+               cpinfos[forward_fieldmethints->thisindex] = fmi;
        
-               switch (forward_fieldmethints -> tag) {
+               switch (forward_fieldmethints->tag) {
                case CONSTANT_Fieldref:  /* check validity of descriptor */
-                                        checkfielddescriptor (fmi->descriptor->text,utf_end(fmi->descriptor));
-                                        break;
-               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: 
+                       checkfielddescriptor(fmi->descriptor->text,
+                                                                utf_end(fmi->descriptor));
+                       break;
+               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
                case CONSTANT_Methodref: /* check validity of descriptor */
-                                        checkmethoddescriptor (fmi->descriptor);
-                                        break;
-               }               
-       
-               forward_fieldmethints = forward_fieldmethints -> next;
-
+                       checkmethoddescriptor(c, fmi->descriptor);
+                       break;
                }
+       
+               nff = forward_fieldmethints;
+               forward_fieldmethints = forward_fieldmethints->next;
+               FREE(nff, forward_fieldmethint);
+       }
 
-/*     class_showconstantpool(c); */
+       /* everything was ok */
 
-       dump_release (dumpsize);
+       return true;
 }
 
 
@@ -1402,184 +2115,479 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static int class_load (classinfo *c)
+classinfo *class_load_intern(classbuffer *cb);
+
+classinfo *class_load(classinfo *c)
+{
+       classbuffer *cb;
+       classinfo *r;
+
+       /* enter a monitor on the class */
+
+       builtin_monitorenter((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+       /* maybe the class is already loaded */
+       if (c->loaded) {
+               builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+               return c;
+       }
+
+       /* measure time */
+
+       if (getcompilingtime)
+               compilingtime_stop();
+
+       if (getloadingtime)
+               loadingtime_start();
+
+       /* load classdata, throw exception on error */
+
+       if ((cb = suck_start(c)) == NULL) {
+               /* this means, the classpath was not set properly */
+               if (c->name == utf_java_lang_Object)
+                       throw_cacao_exception_exit(string_java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError,
+                                                                          "java/lang/Object");
+
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError,
+                                                                        c->name);
+
+               builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       
+       /* call the internal function */
+       r = class_load_intern(cb);
+
+       /* if return value is NULL, we had a problem and the class is not loaded */
+       if (!r) {
+               c->loaded = false;
+
+               /* now free the allocated memory, otherwise we could ran into a DOS */
+               class_remove(c);
+       }
+
+       /* free memory */
+       suck_stop(cb);
+
+       /* measure time */
+
+       if (getloadingtime)
+               loadingtime_stop();
+
+       if (getcompilingtime)
+               compilingtime_start();
+
+       /* leave the monitor */
+
+       builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+       return r;
+}
+
+
+classinfo *class_load_intern(classbuffer *cb)
 {
+       classinfo *c;
+       classinfo *tc;
        u4 i;
-       u4 mi,ma;
+       u4 ma, mi;
+       char msg[MAXLOGTEXT];               /* maybe we get an exception */
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_class_loads++;
+       /* get the classbuffer's class */
+       c = cb->class;
+
+       /* maybe the class is already loaded */
+       if (c->loaded)
+               return c;
+
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_class_loads++;
 #endif
 
        /* output for debugging purposes */
-       if (loadverbose) {              
-
-               sprintf (logtext, "Loading class: ");
-               utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name );
-               dolog();
-               }
+       if (loadverbose)
+               log_message_class("Loading class: ", c);
        
-       /* load classdata, throw exception on error */
+       /* class is somewhat loaded */
+       c->loaded = true;
 
-       if (!suck_start (c->name)) {
-               throw_classnotfoundexception2(c->name);            
-               return false;
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2 + 2))
+               return NULL;
+
+       /* check signature */
+       if (suck_u4(cb) != MAGIC) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Bad magic number");
+
+               return NULL;
        }
-       
-       /* check signature */           
-       if (suck_u4() != MAGIC) panic("Can not find class-file signature");     
+
        /* check version */
-       mi = suck_u2(); 
-       ma = suck_u2();
-       if (ma != MAJOR_VERSION && (ma != MAJOR_VERSION+1 || mi != 0)) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "File version %d.%d is not supported",
-                                (int) ma, (int) mi);
-               error();
-               }
+       mi = suck_u2(cb);
+       ma = suck_u2(cb);
+
+       if (!(ma < MAJOR_VERSION || (ma == MAJOR_VERSION && mi <= MINOR_VERSION))) {
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_unsupportedclassversionerror(c,
+                                                                                        "Unsupported major.minor version %d.%d",
+                                                                                        ma, mi);
+
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* load the constant pool */
+       if (!class_loadcpool(cb, c))
+               return NULL;
 
-       class_loadcpool (c);
        /*JOWENN*/
-       c->erroneous_state=0;
-       c->initializing_thread=0;       
+       c->erroneous_state = 0;
+       c->initializing_thread = 0;     
        /*JOWENN*/
-        c -> classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
-       c -> impldBy = NULL;
+       c->classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
+       c->impldBy = NULL;
 
        /* ACC flags */
-       c -> flags = suck_u2 (); 
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
+
+       c->flags = suck_u2(cb);
+       /*if (!(c->flags & ACC_PUBLIC)) { log_text("CLASS NOT PUBLIC"); } JOWENN*/
+
+       /* check ACC flags consistency */
+       if (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) {
+               if (!(c->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT)) {
+                       /* We work around this because interfaces in JDK 1.1 are
+                        * not declared abstract. */
+
+                       c->flags |= ACC_ABSTRACT;
+                       /* panic("Interface class not declared abstract"); */
+               }
+
+               if (c->flags & ACC_FINAL) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                        "Illegal class modifiers: 0x%X", c->flags);
+
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               if (c->flags & ACC_SUPER) {
+                       c->flags &= ~ACC_SUPER; /* kjc seems to set this on interfaces */
+               }
+       }
+
+       if ((c->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL)) == (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL)) {
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_classformaterror(c, "Illegal class modifiers: 0x%X", c->flags);
+
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2))
+               return NULL;
+
        /* this class */
-       suck_u2 ();       
+       i = suck_u2(cb);
+       if (!(tc = class_getconstant(c, i, CONSTANT_Class)))
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (tc != c) {
+               utf_sprint(msg, c->name);
+               sprintf(msg + strlen(msg), " (wrong name: ");
+               utf_sprint(msg + strlen(msg), tc->name);
+               sprintf(msg + strlen(msg), ")");
+
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_exception_message(string_java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError, msg);
+
+               return NULL;
+       }
        
        /* retrieve superclass */
-       if ( (i = suck_u2 () ) ) {
-               c -> super = class_getconstant (c, i, CONSTANT_Class);
+       if ((i = suck_u2(cb))) {
+               if (!(c->super = class_getconstant(c, i, CONSTANT_Class)))
+                       return NULL;
+
+               /* java.lang.Object may not have a super class. */
+               if (c->name == utf_java_lang_Object) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_message(string_java_lang_ClassFormatError,
+                                                                         "java.lang.Object with superclass");
+
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               /* Interfaces must have java.lang.Object as super class. */
+               if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) &&
+                       c->super->name != utf_java_lang_Object) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_message(string_java_lang_ClassFormatError,
+                                                                         "Interfaces must have java.lang.Object as superclass");
+
+                       return NULL;
                }
-       else {
-               c -> super = NULL;
+
+       } else {
+               c->super = NULL;
+
+               /* This is only allowed for java.lang.Object. */
+               if (c->name != utf_java_lang_Object) {
+                       *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Bad superclass index");
+
+                       return NULL;
                }
+       }
                         
        /* retrieve interfaces */
-       c -> interfacescount = suck_u2 ();
-       c -> interfaces = MNEW (classinfo*, c -> interfacescount);
-       for (i=0; i < c -> interfacescount; i++) {
-               c -> interfaces [i] = 
-                     class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Class);
-               }
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
+
+       c->interfacescount = suck_u2(cb);
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 * c->interfacescount))
+               return NULL;
+
+       c->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
+       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
+               if (!(c->interfaces[i] = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class)))
+                       return NULL;
+       }
 
        /* load fields */
-       c -> fieldscount = suck_u2 ();
-/*     utf_display(c->name);
-       printf(" ,Fieldscount: %d\n",c->fieldscount);*/
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
 
-       c -> fields = GCNEW (fieldinfo, c -> fieldscount);
-       for (i=0; i < c -> fieldscount; i++) {
-               field_load (&(c->fields[i]), c);
-               }
+       c->fieldscount = suck_u2(cb);
+       c->fields = GCNEW(fieldinfo, c->fieldscount);
+/*     c->fields = MNEW(fieldinfo, c->fieldscount); */
+       for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++) {
+               if (!field_load(cb, c, &(c->fields[i])))
+                       return NULL;
+       }
 
        /* load methods */
-       c -> methodscount = suck_u2 ();
-       c -> methods = MNEW (methodinfo, c -> methodscount);
-       for (i=0; i < c -> methodscount; i++) {
-               method_load (&(c -> methods [i]), c);
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
+
+       c->methodscount = suck_u2(cb);
+       c->methods = GCNEW(methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+/*     c->methods = MNEW(methodinfo, c->methodscount); */
+       for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
+               if (!method_load(cb, c, &(c->methods[i])))
+                       return NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* Check if all fields and methods can be uniquely
+        * identified by (name,descriptor). */
+       if (opt_verify) {
+               /* We use a hash table here to avoid making the
+                * average case quadratic in # of methods, fields.
+                */
+               static int shift = 0;
+               u2 *hashtab;
+               u2 *next; /* for chaining colliding hash entries */
+               size_t len;
+               size_t hashlen;
+               u2 index;
+               u2 old;
+
+               /* Allocate hashtable */
+               len = c->methodscount;
+               if (len < c->fieldscount) len = c->fieldscount;
+               hashlen = 5 * len;
+               hashtab = MNEW(u2,(hashlen + len));
+               next = hashtab + hashlen;
+
+               /* Determine bitshift (to get good hash values) */
+               if (!shift) {
+                       len = sizeof(utf);
+                       while (len) {
+                               len >>= 1;
+                               shift++;
+                       }
                }
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(classinfo*) * c -> interfacescount;
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(fieldinfo) * c -> fieldscount;
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(methodinfo) * c -> methodscount;
+               /* Check fields */
+               memset(hashtab, 0, sizeof(u2) * (hashlen + len));
+
+               for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; ++i) {
+                       fieldinfo *fi = c->fields + i;
+
+                       /* It's ok if we lose bits here */
+                       index = ((((size_t) fi->name) +
+                                         ((size_t) fi->descriptor)) >> shift) % hashlen;
+
+                       if ((old = hashtab[index])) {
+                               old--;
+                               next[i] = old;
+                               do {
+                                       if (c->fields[old].name == fi->name &&
+                                               c->fields[old].descriptor == fi->descriptor) {
+                                               *exceptionptr =
+                                                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                                "Repetitive field name/signature");
+
+                                               return NULL;
+                                       }
+                               } while ((old = next[old]));
+                       }
+                       hashtab[index] = i + 1;
+               }
+               
+               /* Check methods */
+               memset(hashtab, 0, sizeof(u2) * (hashlen + hashlen/5));
+
+               for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; ++i) {
+                       methodinfo *mi = c->methods + i;
+
+                       /* It's ok if we lose bits here */
+                       index = ((((size_t) mi->name) +
+                                         ((size_t) mi->descriptor)) >> shift) % hashlen;
+
+                       /*{ JOWENN
+                               int dbg;
+                               for (dbg=0;dbg<hashlen+hashlen/5;++dbg){
+                                       printf("Hash[%d]:%d\n",dbg,hashtab[dbg]);
+                               }
+                       }*/
+
+                       if ((old = hashtab[index])) {
+                               old--;
+                               next[i] = old;
+                               do {
+                                       if (c->methods[old].name == mi->name &&
+                                               c->methods[old].descriptor == mi->descriptor) {
+                                               *exceptionptr =
+                                                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                                "Repetitive method name/signature");
+
+                                               return NULL;
+                                       }
+                               } while ((old = next[old]));
+                       }
+                       hashtab[index] = i + 1;
+               }
+               
+               MFREE(hashtab, u2, (hashlen + len));
+       }
+
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat) {
+               count_class_infos += sizeof(classinfo*) * c->interfacescount;
+               count_class_infos += sizeof(fieldinfo) * c->fieldscount;
+               count_class_infos += sizeof(methodinfo) * c->methodscount;
+       }
 #endif
 
-       /* load variable-length attribute structures */ 
-       attribute_load (suck_u2(), c);
+       /* load attribute structures */
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
 
-       /* free memory */
-       suck_stop ();
+       if (!attribute_load(cb, c, suck_u2(cb)))
+               return NULL;
+
+#if 0
+       /* Pre java 1.5 version don't check this. This implementation is like
+          java 1.5 do it: for class file version 45.3 we don't check it, older
+          versions are checked.
+        */
+       if ((ma == 45 && mi > 3) || ma > 45) {
+               /* check if all data has been read */
+               s4 classdata_left = ((cb->data + cb->size) - cb->pos - 1);
+
+               if (classdata_left > 0) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_classformaterror(c, "Extra bytes at the end of class file");
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+       }
+#endif
 
-       /* remove class from list of unloaded classes and 
-          add to list of unlinked classes                */
-       list_remove (&unloadedclasses, c);
-       list_addlast (&unlinkedclasses, c);
+       if (loadverbose)
+               log_message_class("Loading done class: ", c);
 
-       return true;
+       return c;
 }
 
 
 
-/************** internal Function: class_highestinterface ***********************
+/************** internal Function: class_highestinterface **********************
 
        Used by the function class_link to determine the amount of memory needed
        for the interface table.
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static s4 class_highestinterface (classinfo *c) 
+static s4 class_highestinterface(classinfo *c) 
 {
        s4 h;
        s4 i;
        
-       if ( ! (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) ) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "Interface-methods count requested for non-interface:  ");
-       utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name);
-       error();
-       }
-    
+    /* check for ACC_INTERFACE bit already done in class_link_intern */
+
     h = c->index;
-       for (i=0; i<c->interfacescount; i++) {
-               s4 h2 = class_highestinterface (c->interfaces[i]);
-               if (h2>h) h=h2;
-               }
+       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
+               s4 h2 = class_highestinterface(c->interfaces[i]);
+               if (h2 > h) h = h2;
+       }
+
        return h;
 }
 
 
 /* class_addinterface **********************************************************
 
-       Is needed by class_link for adding a VTBL to a class. All interfaces
-       implemented by ic are added as well.
+   Is needed by class_link for adding a VTBL to a class. All interfaces
+   implemented by ic are added as well.
 
-*******************************************************************************/       
+*******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_addinterface (classinfo *c, classinfo *ic)
+static void class_addinterface(classinfo *c, classinfo *ic)
 {
        s4     j, m;
-       s4     i     = ic->index;
-       vftbl *vftbl = c->vftbl;
-       
-       if (i >= vftbl->interfacetablelength)
+       s4     i   = ic->index;
+       vftbl_t *v = c->vftbl;
+
+       if (i >= v->interfacetablelength)
                panic ("Inernal error: interfacetable overflow");
-       if (vftbl->interfacetable[-i])
+
+       if (v->interfacetable[-i])
                return;
 
        if (ic->methodscount == 0) {  /* fake entry needed for subtype test */
-               vftbl->interfacevftbllength[i] = 1;
-               vftbl->interfacetable[-i] = MNEW(methodptr, 1);
-               vftbl->interfacetable[-i][0] = NULL;
-               }
-       else {
-               vftbl->interfacevftbllength[i] = ic->methodscount;
-               vftbl->interfacetable[-i] = MNEW(methodptr, ic->methodscount); 
-
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vftbl_len += sizeof(methodptr) *
-                                (ic->methodscount + (ic->methodscount == 0));
+               v->interfacevftbllength[i] = 1;
+               v->interfacetable[-i] = MNEW(methodptr, 1);
+               v->interfacetable[-i][0] = NULL;
+
+       } else {
+               v->interfacevftbllength[i] = ic->methodscount;
+               v->interfacetable[-i] = MNEW(methodptr, ic->methodscount);
+
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+               if (opt_stat)
+                       count_vftbl_len += sizeof(methodptr) *
+                               (ic->methodscount + (ic->methodscount == 0));
 #endif
 
-               for (j=0; j<ic->methodscount; j++) {
+               for (j = 0; j < ic->methodscount; j++) {
                        classinfo *sc = c;
                        while (sc) {
                                for (m = 0; m < sc->methodscount; m++) {
                                        methodinfo *mi = &(sc->methods[m]);
                                        if (method_canoverwrite(mi, &(ic->methods[j]))) {
-                                               vftbl->interfacetable[-i][j] = 
-                                                                         vftbl->table[mi->vftblindex];
+                                               v->interfacetable[-i][j] = v->table[mi->vftblindex];
                                                goto foundmethod;
-                                               }
                                        }
-                               sc = sc->super;
                                }
-                        foundmethod: ;
+                               sc = sc->super;
                        }
+               foundmethod:
+                       ;
                }
+       }
 
        for (j = 0; j < ic->interfacescount; j++) 
                class_addinterface(c, ic->interfaces[j]);
@@ -1592,69 +2600,93 @@ static void class_addinterface (classinfo *c, classinfo *ic)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void
-class_new_array(classinfo *c)
+void class_new_array(classinfo *c)
 {
        classinfo *comp = NULL;
        methodinfo *clone;
        int namelen;
 
-       /* Array classes are not loaded from classfiles. */
-       list_remove (&unloadedclasses, c);
-
        /* Check array class name */
        namelen = c->name->blength;
        if (namelen < 2 || c->name->text[0] != '[')
-               panic("Invalid array class name.");
+               panic("Invalid array class name");
 
        /* Check the component type */
        switch (c->name->text[1]) {
-         case '[':
-                 /* c is an array of arrays. We have to create the component class. */
-                 comp = class_new(utf_new(c->name->text + 1,namelen - 1));
-                 break;
+       case '[':
+               /* c is an array of arrays. We have to create the component class. */
+               if (opt_eager) {
+                       comp = class_new_intern(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 1,
+                                                                                                  namelen - 1));
+                       class_load(comp);
+                       list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, comp);
 
-         case 'L':
-                 /* c is an array of objects. */
-                 if (namelen < 4 || c->name->text[namelen-1] != ';')
-                         panic("Invalid array class name.");
-                 comp = class_new(utf_new(c->name->text + 2,namelen - 3));
-                 break;
+               } else {
+                       comp = class_new(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 1, namelen - 1));
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case 'L':
+               /* c is an array of objects. */
+               if (namelen < 4 || c->name->text[namelen - 1] != ';')
+                       panic("Invalid array class name");
+
+               if (opt_eager) {
+                       comp = class_new_intern(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 2,
+                                                                                                  namelen - 3));
+                       class_load(comp);
+                       list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, comp);
+
+               } else {
+                       comp = class_new(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 2, namelen - 3));
+               }
+               break;
        }
 
        /* Setup the array class */
        c->super = class_java_lang_Object;
+       c->flags = ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL | ACC_ABSTRACT;
 
     c->interfacescount = 2;
-    c->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*,2);
-    c->interfaces[0] = class_java_lang_Cloneable;
-    c->interfaces[1] = class_java_io_Serializable;
+    c->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*, 2);
+
+       if (opt_eager) {
+               classinfo *tc;
+
+               tc = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
+               class_load(tc);
+               list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, tc);
+               c->interfaces[0] = tc;
+
+               tc = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
+               class_load(tc);
+               list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, tc);
+               c->interfaces[1] = tc;
+
+       } else {
+               c->interfaces[0] = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
+               c->interfaces[1] = class_new(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
+       }
 
        c->methodscount = 1;
-       c->methods = MNEW (methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+       c->methods = MNEW(methodinfo, c->methodscount);
 
        clone = c->methods;
-       memset(clone,0,sizeof(methodinfo));
-       clone->flags = ACC_PUBLIC; /* XXX protected? */
+       memset(clone, 0, sizeof(methodinfo));
+       clone->flags = ACC_PUBLIC;
        clone->name = utf_new_char("clone");
        clone->descriptor = utf_new_char("()Ljava/lang/Object;");
        clone->class = c;
-       clone->stubroutine = createnativestub(&builtin_clone_array,clone);
-       clone->monoPoly = MONO; /* XXX should be poly? */
+       clone->stubroutine = createnativestub((functionptr) &builtin_clone_array, clone);
+       clone->monoPoly = MONO;
 
        /* XXX: field: length? */
 
-       /* The array class has to be linked */
-       list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses,c);
-       
-       /*
-     * Array classes which are created after the other classes have been
-     * loaded and linked are linked explicitely.
-     */
-       if (loader_inited)
-               loader_load(c->name);
+       /* array classes are not loaded from class files */
+       c->loaded = true;
 }
 
+
 /****************** Function: class_link_array *********************************
 
     This function is called by class_link to create the
@@ -1665,33 +2697,39 @@ class_new_array(classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static
-arraydescriptor *
-class_link_array(classinfo *c)
+static arraydescriptor *class_link_array(classinfo *c)
 {
        classinfo *comp = NULL;
-       int namelen = c->name->blength;
+       s4 namelen = c->name->blength;
        arraydescriptor *desc;
-       vftbl *compvftbl;
+       vftbl_t *compvftbl;
 
        /* Check the component type */
        switch (c->name->text[1]) {
-         case '[':
-                 /* c is an array of arrays. */
-                 comp = class_get(utf_new(c->name->text + 1,namelen - 1));
-                 if (!comp) panic("Could not find component array class.");
-                 break;
-
-         case 'L':
-                 /* c is an array of objects. */
-                 comp = class_get(utf_new(c->name->text + 2,namelen - 3));
-                 if (!comp) panic("Could not find component class.");
-                 break;
+       case '[':
+               /* c is an array of arrays. */
+               comp = class_new(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 1, namelen - 1));
+               if (!comp)
+                       panic("Could not find component array class.");
+               break;
+
+       case 'L':
+               /* c is an array of objects. */
+               comp = class_new(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 2, namelen - 3));
+               if (!comp)
+                       panic("Could not find component class.");
+               break;
        }
 
-       /* If the component type has not been linked return NULL */
-       if (comp && !comp->linked)
-               return NULL;
+       /* If the component type has not been linked, link it now */
+       if (comp && !comp->linked) {
+               if (!comp->loaded)
+                       if (!class_load(comp))
+                               return NULL;
+
+               if (!class_link(comp))
+                       return NULL;
+       }
 
        /* Allocate the arraydescriptor */
        desc = NEW(arraydescriptor);
@@ -1700,130 +2738,253 @@ class_link_array(classinfo *c)
                /* c is an array of references */
                desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT;
                desc->componentsize = sizeof(void*);
-               desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_objectarray,data);
+               desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_objectarray, data);
                
                compvftbl = comp->vftbl;
                if (!compvftbl)
-                       panic("Component class has no vftbl.");
+                       panic("Component class has no vftbl");
                desc->componentvftbl = compvftbl;
                
                if (compvftbl->arraydesc) {
                        desc->elementvftbl = compvftbl->arraydesc->elementvftbl;
+                       if (compvftbl->arraydesc->dimension >= 255)
+                               panic("Creating array of dimension >255");
                        desc->dimension = compvftbl->arraydesc->dimension + 1;
-               }
-               else {
+                       desc->elementtype = compvftbl->arraydesc->elementtype;
+
+               } else {
                        desc->elementvftbl = compvftbl;
                        desc->dimension = 1;
+                       desc->elementtype = ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT;
                }
-       }
-       else {
+
+       else {
                /* c is an array of a primitive type */
                switch (c->name->text[1]) {
-                 case 'Z': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_BOOLEAN;
-                           desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_booleanarray,data);
-                               desc->componentsize = sizeof(u1); break;
-                 case 'B': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_BYTE;
-                           desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_bytearray,data);
-                               desc->componentsize = sizeof(u1); break;
-                 case 'C': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_CHAR;
-                           desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_chararray,data);
-                               desc->componentsize = sizeof(u2); break;
-                 case 'D': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_DOUBLE;
-                           desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_doublearray,data);
-                               desc->componentsize = sizeof(double); break;
-                 case 'F': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_FLOAT;
-                           desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_floatarray,data);
-                               desc->componentsize = sizeof(float); break;
-                 case 'I': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_INT;
-                           desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_intarray,data);
-                               desc->componentsize = sizeof(s4); break;
-                 case 'J': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_LONG;
-                           desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_longarray,data);
-                               desc->componentsize = sizeof(s8); break;
-                 case 'S': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_SHORT;
-                           desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_shortarray,data);
-                               desc->componentsize = sizeof(s2); break;
-                 default:
-                         panic("Invalid array class name");
+               case 'Z':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_BOOLEAN;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_booleanarray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(u1);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'B':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_BYTE;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_bytearray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(u1);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'C':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_CHAR;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_chararray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(u2);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'D':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_DOUBLE;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_doublearray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(double);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'F':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_FLOAT;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_floatarray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(float);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'I':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_INT;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_intarray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(s4);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'J':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_LONG;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_longarray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(s8);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'S':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_SHORT;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_shortarray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(s2);
+                       break;
+
+               default:
+                       panic("Invalid array class name");
                }
                
                desc->componentvftbl = NULL;
                desc->elementvftbl = NULL;
                desc->dimension = 1;
+               desc->elementtype = desc->arraytype;
        }
 
        return desc;
 }
 
+
 /********************** Function: class_link ***********************************
 
-       Tries to link a class. The super class and every implemented interface must
-       already have been linked. The function calculates the length in bytes that
+       Tries to link a class. The function calculates the length in bytes that
        an instance of this class requires as well as the VTBL for methods and
        interface methods.
        
-       If the class can be linked, it is removed from the list 'unlinkedclasses'
-       and added to 'linkedclasses'. Otherwise, it is moved to the end of
-       'unlinkedclasses'.
+*******************************************************************************/
 
-       Attention: If cyclical class definitions are encountered, the program gets
-       into an infinite loop (we'll have to work that out)
+static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c);
 
-*******************************************************************************/
+classinfo *class_link(classinfo *c)
+{
+       classinfo *r;
+
+       /* enter a monitor on the class */
+
+       builtin_monitorenter((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+       /* maybe the class is already linked */
+       if (c->linked) {
+               builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+               return c;
+       }
+
+       /* measure time */
+
+       if (getcompilingtime)
+               compilingtime_stop();
+
+       if (getloadingtime)
+               loadingtime_start();
+
+       /* call the internal function */
+       r = class_link_intern(c);
+
+       /* if return value is NULL, we had a problem and the class is not linked */
+       if (!r)
+               c->linked = false;
+
+       /* measure time */
+
+       if (getloadingtime)
+               loadingtime_stop();
+
+       if (getcompilingtime)
+               compilingtime_start();
+
+       /* leave the monitor */
 
-void class_link(classinfo *c)
+       builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+       return r;
+}
+
+
+static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c)
 {
        s4 supervftbllength;          /* vftbllegnth of super class               */
        s4 vftbllength;               /* vftbllength of current class             */
        s4 interfacetablelength;      /* interface table length                   */
-       classinfo *super = c->super;  /* super class                              */
-       classinfo *ic, *c2;           /* intermediate class variables             */
-       vftbl *v;                     /* vftbl of current class                   */
+       classinfo *super;             /* super class                              */
+       classinfo *tc;                /* temporary class variable                 */
+       vftbl_t *v;                   /* vftbl of current class                   */
        s4 i;                         /* interface/method/field counter           */
-       arraydescriptor *arraydesc = NULL;  /* descriptor for array classes       */
+       arraydescriptor *arraydesc;   /* descriptor for array classes             */
 
+       /* maybe the class is already linked */
+       if (c->linked)
+               return c;
 
-       /*  check if all superclasses are already linked, if not put c at end of
-           unlinked list and return. Additionally initialize class fields.       */
+       /* maybe the class is not loaded */
+       if (!c->loaded)
+               if (!class_load(c))
+                       return NULL;
 
-       /*  check interfaces */
+       if (linkverbose)
+               log_message_class("Linking class: ", c);
+
+       /* ok, this class is somewhat linked */
+       c->linked = true;
+
+       arraydesc = NULL;
+
+       /* check interfaces */
 
        for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
-               ic = c->interfaces[i];
-               if (!ic->linked) {
-                       list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-                       list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-                       return; 
+               tc = c->interfaces[i];
+
+               /* detect circularity */
+               if (tc == c) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_ClassCircularityError,
+                                                                                c->name);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               if (!tc->loaded)
+                       if (!class_load(tc))
+                               return NULL;
+
+               if (!(tc->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_message(string_java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError,
+                                                                         "Implementing class");
+                       return NULL;
                }
+
+               if (!tc->linked)
+                       if (!class_link(tc))
+                               return NULL;
        }
        
-       /*  check super class */
+       /* check super class */
+
+       super = c->super;
 
-       if (super == NULL) {          /* class java.long.Object */
+       if (super == NULL) {          /* class java.lang.Object */
                c->index = 0;
         c->classUsed = USED;     /* Object class is always used CO-RT*/
-               c -> impldBy = NULL;
+               c->impldBy = NULL;
                c->instancesize = sizeof(java_objectheader);
                
                vftbllength = supervftbllength = 0;
 
                c->finalizer = NULL;
-       }
-       else {
-               if (!super->linked) {
-                       list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-                       list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-                       return; 
+
+       } else {
+               /* detect circularity */
+               if (super == c) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_ClassCircularityError,
+                                                                                c->name);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               if (!super->loaded)
+                       if (!class_load(super))
+                               return NULL;
+
+               if (super->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) {
+                       /* java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: class a has interface java.lang.Cloneable as super class */
+                       panic("Interface specified as super class");
+               }
+
+               /* Don't allow extending final classes */
+               if (super->flags & ACC_FINAL) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_message(string_java_lang_VerifyError,
+                                                                         "Cannot inherit from final class");
+                       return NULL;
                }
+               
+               if (!super->linked)
+                       if (!class_link(super))
+                               return NULL;
 
                /* handle array classes */
                if (c->name->text[0] == '[')
-                       if ((arraydesc = class_link_array(c)) == NULL) {
-                               list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-                               list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-                               return; 
-                       }
-               
+                       if (!(arraydesc = class_link_array(c)))
+                               return NULL;
+
                if (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)
                        c->index = interfaceindex++;
                else
@@ -1836,58 +2997,65 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                c->finalizer = super->finalizer;
        }
 
-
-       if (linkverbose) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "Linking Class: ");
-               utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name );
-               dolog ();
-       }
-
        /* compute vftbl length */
 
        for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
                methodinfo *m = &(c->methods[i]);
                        
                if (!(m->flags & ACC_STATIC)) { /* is instance method */
-                       classinfo *sc = super;
-                       while (sc) {
-                               int j;
-                               for (j = 0; j < sc->methodscount; j++) {
-                                       if (method_canoverwrite(m, &(sc->methods[j]))) {
-                                               m->vftblindex = sc->methods[j].vftblindex;
+                       tc = super;
+
+                       while (tc) {
+                               s4 j;
+                               for (j = 0; j < tc->methodscount; j++) {
+                                       if (method_canoverwrite(m, &(tc->methods[j]))) {
+                                               if (tc->methods[j].flags & ACC_PRIVATE)
+                                                       goto notfoundvftblindex;
+
+                                               if (tc->methods[j].flags & ACC_FINAL) {
+                                                       /* class a overrides final method . */
+                                                       *exceptionptr =
+                                                               new_exception(string_java_lang_VerifyError);
+                                                       return NULL;
+                                               }
+                                               m->vftblindex = tc->methods[j].vftblindex;
                                                goto foundvftblindex;
                                        }
                                }
-                               sc = sc->super;
+                               tc = tc->super;
                        }
+               notfoundvftblindex:
                        m->vftblindex = (vftbllength++);
-               foundvftblindex: ;
+               foundvftblindex:
+                       ;
                }
        }       
        
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vftbl_len += sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr)*(vftbllength-1);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_vftbl_len +=
+                       sizeof(vftbl_t) + (sizeof(methodptr) * (vftbllength - 1));
 #endif
 
        /* compute interfacetable length */
 
        interfacetablelength = 0;
-       c2 = c;
-       while (c2) {
-               for (i = 0; i < c2->interfacescount; i++) {
-                       s4 h = class_highestinterface (c2->interfaces[i]) + 1;
+       tc = c;
+       while (tc) {
+               for (i = 0; i < tc->interfacescount; i++) {
+                       s4 h = class_highestinterface(tc->interfaces[i]) + 1;
                        if (h > interfacetablelength)
                                interfacetablelength = h;
                }
-               c2 = c2->super;
+               tc = tc->super;
        }
 
        /* allocate virtual function table */
 
-       v = (vftbl*) mem_alloc(sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr) *
+       v = (vftbl_t*) mem_alloc(sizeof(vftbl_t) + sizeof(methodptr) *
                                                   (vftbllength - 1) + sizeof(methodptr*) *
                                                   (interfacetablelength - (interfacetablelength > 0)));
-       v = (vftbl*) (((methodptr*) v) + (interfacetablelength - 1) *
+       v = (vftbl_t*) (((methodptr*) v) + (interfacetablelength - 1) *
                                  (interfacetablelength > 1));
        c->header.vftbl = c->vftbl = v;
        v->class = c;
@@ -1919,9 +3087,9 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                s4 dsize;
                fieldinfo *f = &(c->fields[i]);
                
-               if (!(f->flags & ACC_STATIC) ) {
-                       dsize = desc_typesize (f->descriptor);
-                       c->instancesize = ALIGN (c->instancesize, dsize);
+               if (!(f->flags & ACC_STATIC)) {
+                       dsize = desc_typesize(f->descriptor);
+                       c->instancesize = ALIGN(c->instancesize, dsize);
                        f->offset = c->instancesize;
                        c->instancesize += dsize;
                }
@@ -1929,10 +3097,11 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
 
        /* initialize interfacetable and interfacevftbllength */
        
-       v->interfacevftbllength = MNEW (s4, interfacetablelength);
+       v->interfacevftbllength = MNEW(s4, interfacetablelength);
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vftbl_len += (4 + sizeof(s4)) * v->interfacetablelength;
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_vftbl_len += (4 + sizeof(s4)) * v->interfacetablelength;
 #endif
 
        for (i = 0; i < interfacetablelength; i++) {
@@ -1942,25 +3111,20 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
        
        /* add interfaces */
        
-       for (c2 = c; c2 != NULL; c2 = c2->super)
-               for (i = 0; i < c2->interfacescount; i++) {
-                       class_addinterface (c, c2->interfaces[i]);
+       for (tc = c; tc != NULL; tc = tc->super) {
+               for (i = 0; i < tc->interfacescount; i++) {
+                       class_addinterface(c, tc->interfaces[i]);
                }
+       }
 
        /* add finalizer method (not for java.lang.Object) */
 
-       if (super != NULL) {
+       if (super) {
                methodinfo *fi;
-               static utf *finame = NULL;
-               static utf *fidesc = NULL;
 
-               if (finame == NULL)
-                       finame = utf_finalize;
-               if (fidesc == NULL)
-                       fidesc = utf_fidesc;
+               fi = class_findmethod(c, utf_finalize, utf_fidesc);
 
-               fi = class_findmethod (c, finame, fidesc);
-               if (fi != NULL) {
+               if (fi) {
                        if (!(fi->flags & ACC_STATIC)) {
                                c->finalizer = fi;
                        }
@@ -1969,11 +3133,14 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
 
        /* final tasks */
 
-       c->linked = true;       
+       loader_compute_subclasses(c);
 
-       list_remove (&unlinkedclasses, c);
-       list_addlast (&linkedclasses, c);
+       if (linkverbose)
+               log_message_class("Linking done class: ", c);
 
+       /* just return c to show that we didn't had a problem */
+
+       return c;
 }
 
 
@@ -1983,44 +3150,49 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_freecpool (classinfo *c)
+static void class_freecpool(classinfo *c)
 {
        u4 idx;
        u4 tag;
        voidptr info;
        
-       for (idx=0; idx < c->cpcount; idx++) {
-               tag = c->cptags[idx];
-               info = c->cpinfos[idx];
+       if (c->cptags && c->cpinfos) {
+               for (idx = 0; idx < c->cpcount; idx++) {
+                       tag = c->cptags[idx];
+                       info = c->cpinfos[idx];
                
-               if (info != NULL) {
-                       switch (tag) {
-                       case CONSTANT_Fieldref:
-                       case CONSTANT_Methodref:
-                       case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
-                               FREE (info, constant_FMIref);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Integer:
-                               FREE (info, constant_integer);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Float:
-                               FREE (info, constant_float);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Long:
-                               FREE (info, constant_long);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Double:
-                               FREE (info, constant_double);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_NameAndType:
-                               FREE (info, constant_nameandtype);
-                               break;
-                       }
+                       if (info != NULL) {
+                               switch (tag) {
+                               case CONSTANT_Fieldref:
+                               case CONSTANT_Methodref:
+                               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_FMIref);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_Integer:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_integer);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_Float:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_float);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_Long:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_long);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_Double:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_double);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_NameAndType:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_nameandtype);
+                                       break;
+                               }
                        }
                }
+       }
 
-       MFREE (c -> cptags,  u1, c -> cpcount);
-       MFREE (c -> cpinfos, voidptr, c -> cpcount);
+       if (c->cptags)
+               MFREE(c->cptags, u1, c->cpcount);
+
+       if (c->cpinfos)
+               MFREE(c->cpinfos, voidptr, c->cpcount);
 }
 
 
@@ -2030,48 +3202,55 @@ static void class_freecpool (classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_free (classinfo *c)
+void class_free(classinfo *c)
 {
        s4 i;
-       vftbl *v;
+       vftbl_t *v;
                
-       class_freecpool (c);
+       class_freecpool(c);
 
-       MFREE (c->interfaces, classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
+       if (c->interfaces)
+               MFREE(c->interfaces, classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
 
-       for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++)
-               field_free(&(c->fields[i]));
+       if (c->fields) {
+               for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++)
+                       field_free(&(c->fields[i]));
+/*     MFREE(c->fields, fieldinfo, c->fieldscount); */
+       }
        
-       for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++)
-               method_free(&(c->methods[i]));
-       MFREE (c->methods, methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+       if (c->methods) {
+               for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++)
+                       method_free(&(c->methods[i]));
+/*     MFREE(c->methods, methodinfo, c->methodscount); */
+       }
 
        if ((v = c->vftbl) != NULL) {
                if (v->arraydesc)
                        mem_free(v->arraydesc,sizeof(arraydescriptor));
                
                for (i = 0; i < v->interfacetablelength; i++) {
-                       MFREE (v->interfacetable[-i], methodptr, v->interfacevftbllength[i]);
-                       }
-               MFREE (v->interfacevftbllength, s4, v->interfacetablelength);
+                       MFREE(v->interfacetable[-i], methodptr, v->interfacevftbllength[i]);
+               }
+               MFREE(v->interfacevftbllength, s4, v->interfacetablelength);
 
-               i = sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr) * (v->vftbllength - 1) +
+               i = sizeof(vftbl_t) + sizeof(methodptr) * (v->vftbllength - 1) +
                    sizeof(methodptr*) * (v->interfacetablelength -
                                         (v->interfacetablelength > 0));
-               v = (vftbl*) (((methodptr*) v) - (v->interfacetablelength - 1) *
+               v = (vftbl_t*) (((methodptr*) v) - (v->interfacetablelength - 1) *
                                             (v->interfacetablelength > 1));
-               mem_free (v, i);
-               }
+               mem_free(v, i);
+       }
 
-       if (c->innerclasscount)
-               MFREE (c->innerclass, innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
+       if (c->innerclass)
+               MFREE(c->innerclass, innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
 
        /*      if (c->classvftbl)
                mem_free(c->header.vftbl, sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr)*(c->vftbl->vftbllength-1)); */
        
-       FREE (c, classinfo);
+/*     GCFREE(c); */
 }
 
+
 /************************* Function: class_findfield ***************************
        
        Searches a 'classinfo' structure for a field having the given name and
@@ -2079,22 +3258,93 @@ static void class_free (classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-
-fieldinfo *class_findfield (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+fieldinfo *class_findfield(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        s4 i;
 
-       
        for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++) { 
                if ((c->fields[i].name == name) && (c->fields[i].descriptor == desc)) 
                        return &(c->fields[i]);                                                         
     }
 
-       panic ("Can not find field given in CONSTANT_Fieldref");
+       panic("Can not find field given in CONSTANT_Fieldref");
+
+       /* keep compiler happy */
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/****************** Function: class_resolvefield_int ***************************
+
+    This is an internally used helper function. Do not use this directly.
+
+       Tries to resolve a field having the given name and type.
+    If the field cannot be resolved, NULL is returned.
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+static fieldinfo *class_resolvefield_int(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+{
+       s4 i;
+       fieldinfo *fi;
+
+       /* search for field in class c */
+       for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++) { 
+               if ((c->fields[i].name == name) && (c->fields[i].descriptor == desc)) {
+                       return &(c->fields[i]);
+               }
+    }
+
+       /* try superinterfaces recursively */
+       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; ++i) {
+               fi = class_resolvefield_int(c->interfaces[i], name, desc);
+               if (fi)
+                       return fi;
+       }
+
+       /* try superclass */
+       if (c->super)
+               return class_resolvefield_int(c->super, name, desc);
+
+       /* not found */
        return NULL;
 }
 
 
+/********************* Function: class_resolvefield ***************************
+       
+       Resolves a reference from REFERER to a field with NAME and DESC in class C.
+
+    If the field cannot be resolved the return value is NULL. If EXCEPT is
+    true *exceptionptr is set, too.
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+fieldinfo *class_resolvefield(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc,
+                                                         classinfo *referer, bool except)
+{
+       fieldinfo *fi;
+
+       /* XXX resolve class c */
+       /* XXX check access from REFERER to C */
+       
+       fi = class_resolvefield_int(c, name, desc);
+
+       if (!fi) {
+               if (except)
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_NoSuchFieldError,
+                                                                                name);
+
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* XXX check access rights */
+
+       return fi;
+}
+
+
 /************************* Function: class_findmethod **************************
        
        Searches a 'classinfo' structure for a method having the given name and
@@ -2103,62 +3353,27 @@ fieldinfo *class_findfield (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-s4 class_findmethodIndex (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+s4 class_findmethodIndex(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        s4 i;
-#if defined(JOWENN_DEBUG1) || defined(JOWENN_DEBUG2)
-       char *buffer;                   
-       int buffer_len, pos;
-#endif
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG1
 
-       buffer_len = 
-         utf_strlen(name) + utf_strlen(desc) +utf_strlen(c->name)+ 64;
-       
-       buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
-
-       strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: method:");
-        utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), name);
-       strcpy(buffer+strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
-        utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), desc);
-       strcpy(buffer+strlen(buffer), ", classname: ");
-        utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), c->name);
-       
-       log_text(buffer);       
-
-       MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
-#endif 
        for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2
-               buffer_len = 
-                 utf_strlen(c->methods[i].name) + utf_strlen(c->methods[i].descriptor)+ 64;
-       
-               buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
 
-               strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: comparing to method:");
-               utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].name);
-               strcpy(buffer+strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
-               utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].descriptor);
-       
-               log_text(buffer);       
+/*             utf_display_classname(c->name);printf("."); */
+/*             utf_display(c->methods[i].name);printf("."); */
+/*             utf_display(c->methods[i].descriptor); */
+/*             printf("\n"); */
 
-               MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
-               #endif  
-               
-               
                if ((c->methods[i].name == name) && ((desc == NULL) ||
-                                                  (c->methods[i].descriptor == desc)))
+                                                                                        (c->methods[i].descriptor == desc))) {
                        return i;
                }
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2   
-       class_showconstantpool(c);
-       log_text("class_findmethod: returning NULL");
-#endif
+       }
+
        return -1;
 }
 
 
-
 /************************* Function: class_findmethod **************************
        
        Searches a 'classinfo' structure for a method having the given name and
@@ -2167,152 +3382,308 @@ s4 class_findmethodIndex (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-methodinfo *class_findmethod (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+methodinfo *class_findmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
-#if 0
-       s4 i;
-#if defined(JOWENN_DEBUG1) || defined(JOWENN_DEBUG2)
-       char *buffer;                   
-       int buffer_len, pos;
-#endif
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG1
+       s4 idx = class_findmethodIndex(c, name, desc);
+
+       if (idx == -1)
+               return NULL;
+
+       return &(c->methods[idx]);
+}
 
-       buffer_len = 
-         utf_strlen(name) + utf_strlen(desc) +utf_strlen(c->name)+ 64;
+
+/*********************** Function: class_fetchmethod **************************
        
-       buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
+    like class_findmethod, but aborts with an error if the method is not found
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+methodinfo *class_fetchmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+{
+       methodinfo *mi;
+
+       mi = class_findmethod(c, name, desc);
+
+       if (!mi) {
+               log_plain("Class: "); if (c) log_plain_utf(c->name); log_nl();
+               log_plain("Method: "); if (name) log_plain_utf(name); log_nl();
+               log_plain("Descriptor: "); if (desc) log_plain_utf(desc); log_nl();
+               panic("Method not found");
+       }
+
+       return mi;
+}
+
+
+/*********************** Function: class_findmethod_w**************************
+
+    like class_findmethod, but logs a warning if the method is not found
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+methodinfo *class_findmethod_w(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc, char *from)
+{
+        methodinfo *mi;
+        mi = class_findmethod(c, name, desc);
+
+        if (!mi) {
+                log_plain("Class: "); if (c) log_plain_utf(c->name); log_nl();
+                log_plain("Method: "); if (name) log_plain_utf(name); log_nl();
+                log_plain("Descriptor: "); if (desc) log_plain_utf(desc); log_nl();
+
+                       if ( c->flags & ACC_PUBLIC )       log_plain(" PUBLIC ");
+               if ( c->flags & ACC_PRIVATE )      log_plain(" PRIVATE ");
+               if ( c->flags & ACC_PROTECTED )    log_plain(" PROTECTED ");
+               if ( c->flags & ACC_STATIC )       log_plain(" STATIC ");
+               if ( c->flags & ACC_FINAL )        log_plain(" FINAL ");
+               if ( c->flags & ACC_SYNCHRONIZED ) log_plain(" SYNCHRONIZED ");
+               if ( c->flags & ACC_VOLATILE )     log_plain(" VOLATILE ");
+               if ( c->flags & ACC_TRANSIENT )    log_plain(" TRANSIENT ");
+               if ( c->flags & ACC_NATIVE )       log_plain(" NATIVE ");
+               if ( c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE )    log_plain(" INTERFACE ");
+               if ( c->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT )     log_plain(" ABSTRACT ");
+
+               log_plain(from); 
+                log_plain(" : WARNING: Method not found");log_nl( );
+        }
+
+        return mi;
+}
 
-       strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: method:");
-        utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), name);
-       strcpy(buffer+strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
-        utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), desc);
-       strcpy(buffer+strlen(buffer), ", classname: ");
-        utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), c->name);
+
+/************************* Function: class_findmethod_approx ******************
        
-       log_text(buffer);       
+       like class_findmethod but ignores the return value when comparing the
+       descriptor.
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+methodinfo *class_findmethod_approx(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+{
+       s4 i;
 
-       MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
-#endif 
        for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2
-               buffer_len = 
-                 utf_strlen(c->methods[i].name) + utf_strlen(c->methods[i].descriptor)+ 64;
-       
-               buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
+               if (c->methods[i].name == name) {
+                       utf *meth_descr = c->methods[i].descriptor;
+                       
+                       if (desc == NULL) 
+                               /* ignore type */
+                               return &(c->methods[i]);
 
-               strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: comparing to method:");
-               utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].name);
-               strcpy(buffer+strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
-               utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].descriptor);
+                       if (desc->blength <= meth_descr->blength) {
+                               /* current position in utf text   */
+                               char *desc_utf_ptr = desc->text;      
+                               char *meth_utf_ptr = meth_descr->text;                                    
+                               /* points behind utf strings */
+                               char *desc_end = utf_end(desc);         
+                               char *meth_end = utf_end(meth_descr);   
+                               char ch;
+
+                               /* compare argument types */
+                               while (desc_utf_ptr < desc_end && meth_utf_ptr < meth_end) {
+
+                                       if ((ch = *desc_utf_ptr++) != (*meth_utf_ptr++))
+                                               break; /* no match */
+
+                                       if (ch == ')')
+                                               return &(c->methods[i]);   /* all parameter types equal */
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/***************** Function: class_resolvemethod_approx ***********************
        
-               log_text(buffer);       
+       Searches a class and every super class for a method (without paying
+       attention to the return value)
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+methodinfo *class_resolvemethod_approx(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+{
+       while (c) {
+               /* search for method (ignore returntype) */
+               methodinfo *m = class_findmethod_approx(c, name, desc);
+               /* method found */
+               if (m) return m;
+               /* search superclass */
+               c = c->super;
+       }
 
-               MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
-               #endif  
-               
-               
-               if ((c->methods[i].name == name) && ((desc == NULL) ||
-                                                  (c->methods[i].descriptor == desc)))
-                       return &(c->methods[i]);
-               }
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2   
-       class_showconstantpool(c);
-       log_text("class_findmethod: returning NULL");
-#endif
        return NULL;
-#endif
-       s4 idx=class_findmethodIndex(c,name,desc);
-/*     if (idx==-1) log_text("class_findmethod: method not found");*/
-       if (idx==-1) return NULL;
-       return &(c->methods[idx]);
 }
 
 
+/************************* Function: class_resolvemethod ***********************
+       
+       Searches a class and every super class for a method.
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+methodinfo *class_resolvemethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+{
+       /*log_text("Trying to resolve a method");
+       utf_display(c->name);
+       utf_display(name);
+       utf_display(desc);*/
 
+       while (c) {
+               /*log_text("Looking in:");
+               utf_display(c->name);*/
+               methodinfo *m = class_findmethod(c, name, desc);
+               if (m) return m;
+               /* search superclass */
+               c = c->super;
+       }
+       /*log_text("method not found:");*/
 
+       return NULL;
+}
 
 
-/************************* Function: class_findmethod_approx ******************
+/****************** Function: class_resolveinterfacemethod_int ****************
+
+    Internally used helper function. Do not use this directly.
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+static
+methodinfo *class_resolveinterfacemethod_int(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+{
+       methodinfo *mi;
+       int i;
        
-       like class_findmethod but ignores the return value when comparing the
-       descriptor.
+       mi = class_findmethod(c,name,desc);
+       if (mi)
+               return mi;
+
+       /* try the superinterfaces */
+       for (i=0; i<c->interfacescount; ++i) {
+               mi = class_resolveinterfacemethod_int(c->interfaces[i],name,desc);
+               if (mi)
+                       return mi;
+       }
+       
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/******************** Function: class_resolveinterfacemethod ******************
+
+    Resolves a reference from REFERER to a method with NAME and DESC in
+    interface C.
+
+    If the method cannot be resolved the return value is NULL. If EXCEPT is
+    true *exceptionptr is set, too.
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-methodinfo *class_findmethod_approx (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+methodinfo *class_resolveinterfacemethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc,
+                                                                                classinfo *referer, bool except)
 {
-       s4 i;
+       methodinfo *mi;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) 
-               if (c->methods[i].name == name) {
-                       utf *meth_descr = c->methods[i].descriptor;
-                       
-                       if (desc == NULL) 
-                               /* ignore type */
-                               return &(c->methods[i]);
+       /* XXX resolve class c */
+       /* XXX check access from REFERER to C */
+       
+       if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
+               if (except)
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception(string_java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError);
 
-                       if (desc->blength <= meth_descr->blength) {
-                                          /* current position in utf text   */
-                                          char *desc_utf_ptr = desc->text;      
-                                          char *meth_utf_ptr = meth_descr->text;                                         
-                                          /* points behind utf strings */
-                                          char *desc_end = utf_end(desc);         
-                                          char *meth_end = utf_end(meth_descr);   
-                                          char ch;
-
-                                          /* compare argument types */
-                                          while (desc_utf_ptr<desc_end && meth_utf_ptr<meth_end) {
-
-                                                  if ((ch=*desc_utf_ptr++) != (*meth_utf_ptr++))
-                                                          break; /* no match */
-
-                                                  if (ch==')')
-                                                          return &(c->methods[i]);   /* all parameter types equal */
-                                          }
-                       }
-               }
+               return NULL;
+       }
 
-       return NULL;
-}
+       mi = class_resolveinterfacemethod_int(c, name, desc);
 
-/***************** Function: class_resolvemethod_approx ***********************
-       
-       Searches a class and every super class for a method (without paying
-       attention to the return value)
+       if (mi)
+               return mi;
 
-*******************************************************************************/
+       /* try class java.lang.Object */
+       mi = class_findmethod(class_java_lang_Object, name, desc);
+
+       if (mi)
+               return mi;
+
+       if (except)
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_NoSuchMethodError, name);
 
-methodinfo *class_resolvemethod_approx (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
-{
-       while (c) {
-               /* search for method (ignore returntype) */
-               methodinfo *m = class_findmethod_approx (c, name, desc);
-               /* method found */
-               if (m) return m;
-               /* search superclass */
-               c = c->super;
-               }
        return NULL;
 }
 
 
-/************************* Function: class_resolvemethod ***********************
+/********************* Function: class_resolveclassmethod *********************
        
-       Searches a class and every super class for a method.
+    Resolves a reference from REFERER to a method with NAME and DESC in
+    class C.
+
+    If the method cannot be resolved the return value is NULL. If EXCEPT is
+    true *exceptionptr is set, too.
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-methodinfo *class_resolvemethod (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+methodinfo *class_resolveclassmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc,
+                                                                        classinfo *referer, bool except)
 {
-       while (c) {
-               methodinfo *m = class_findmethod(c, name, desc);
-               if (m) return m;
-               /* search superclass */
-               c = c->super;
+       classinfo *cls;
+       methodinfo *mi;
+       s4 i;
+       char msg[MAXLOGTEXT];
+
+       /* XXX resolve class c */
+       /* XXX check access from REFERER to C */
+       
+/*     if (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) { */
+/*             if (except) */
+/*                     *exceptionptr = */
+/*                             new_exception(string_java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError); */
+/*             return NULL; */
+/*     } */
+
+       /* try class c and its superclasses */
+       cls = c;
+       do {
+               mi = class_findmethod(cls, name, desc);
+               if (mi)
+                       goto found;
+       } while ((cls = cls->super) != NULL); /* try the superclass */
+
+       /* try the superinterfaces */
+       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; ++i) {
+               mi = class_resolveinterfacemethod_int(c->interfaces[i], name, desc);
+               if (mi)
+                       goto found;
+       }
+       
+       if (except) {
+               utf_sprint(msg, c->name);
+               sprintf(msg + strlen(msg), ".");
+               utf_sprint(msg + strlen(msg), name);
+               utf_sprint(msg + strlen(msg), desc);
+
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_exception_message(string_java_lang_NoSuchMethodError, msg);
        }
+
        return NULL;
-}
 
+ found:
+       if ((mi->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) && !(c->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT)) {
+               if (except)
+                       *exceptionptr = new_exception(string_java_lang_AbstractMethodError);
+
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* XXX check access rights */
+
+       return mi;
+}
 
 
 /************************* Function: class_issubclass **************************
@@ -2325,13 +3696,12 @@ bool class_issubclass(classinfo *sub, classinfo *super)
 {
        for (;;) {
                if (!sub) return false;
-               if (sub==super) return true;
-               sub = sub -> super;
+               if (sub == super) return true;
+               sub = sub->super;
        }
 }
 
 
-
 /****************** Initialization function for classes ******************
 
        In Java, every class can have a static initialization function. This
@@ -2340,124 +3710,187 @@ bool class_issubclass(classinfo *sub, classinfo *super)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
-extern int blockInts;
-#endif
+static classinfo *class_init_intern(classinfo *c);
 
-void class_init(classinfo *c)
+classinfo *class_init(classinfo *c)
 {
-        methodinfo *m;
-        java_objectheader *exceptionptr;
-        s4 i;
-        int b;
+       classinfo *r;
 
+       if (!makeinitializations)
+               return c;
 
-        if (!makeinitializations)
-                return;
-        if (c->initialized)
-                return;
-        c -> initialized = true;
+       /* enter a monitor on the class */
 
+       builtin_monitorenter((java_objectheader *) c);
 
+       /* maybe the class is already initalized or the current thread, which can
+          pass the monitor, is currently initalizing this class */
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-        count_class_inits++;
+       if (c->initialized || c->initializing) {
+               builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+               return c;
+       }
+
+       /* this initalizing run begins NOW */
+       c->initializing = true;
+
+       /* call the internal function */
+       r = class_init_intern(c);
+
+       /* if return value is not NULL everything was ok and the class is
+          initialized */
+       if (r)
+               c->initialized = true;
+
+       /* this initalizing run is done */
+       c->initializing = false;
+
+       /* leave the monitor */
+
+       builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+       return r;
+}
+
+
+/* this function MUST NOT be called directly, because of thread <clinit>
+   race conditions */
+
+static classinfo *class_init_intern(classinfo *c)
+{
+       methodinfo *m;
+       s4 i;
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       int b;
 #endif
 
-        if (c->super)
-                class_init (c->super);
-        for (i=0; i < c->interfacescount; i++)
-                class_init(c->interfaces[i]);  /* real */
-
-        m = class_findmethod (c, utf_clinit, utf_fidesc);
-        if (!m) {
-                if (initverbose) {
-                        sprintf (logtext, "Class ");
-                        utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name);
-                        sprintf (logtext+strlen(logtext), " has no initializer");
-                        dolog ();
-                        }
-/*              goto callinitialize;*/
-                return;
-                }
-
-        if (! (m->flags & ACC_STATIC))
-                panic ("Class initializer is not static!");
-
-        if (initverbose) {
-                sprintf (logtext, "Starting initializer for class: ");
-                utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name);
-                dolog ();
-        }
+       /* maybe the class is not already loaded */
+       if (!c->loaded)
+               if (!class_load(c))
+                       return NULL;
 
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
-        b = blockInts;
-        blockInts = 0;
+       /* maybe the class is not already linked */
+       if (!c->linked)
+               if (!class_link(c))
+                       return NULL;
+
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_class_inits++;
 #endif
 
-        exceptionptr = asm_calljavamethod(m, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+       /* initialize super class */
+
+       if (c->super) {
+               if (!c->super->initialized) {
+                       if (initverbose) {
+                               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+                               sprintf(logtext, "Initialize super class ");
+                               utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->super->name);
+                               sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " from ");
+                               utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+                               log_text(logtext);
+                       }
+
+                       if (!class_init(c->super))
+                               return NULL;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* initialize interface classes */
+
+       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
+               if (!c->interfaces[i]->initialized) {
+                       if (initverbose) {
+                               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+                               sprintf(logtext, "Initialize interface class ");
+                               utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->interfaces[i]->name);
+                               sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " from ");
+                               utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+                               log_text(logtext);
+                       }
+                       
+                       if (!class_init(c->interfaces[i]))
+                               return NULL;
+               }
+       }
+
+       m = class_findmethod(c, utf_clinit, utf_fidesc);
+
+       if (!m) {
+               if (initverbose) {
+                       char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+                       sprintf(logtext, "Class ");
+                       utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+                       sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " has no static class initializer");
+                       log_text(logtext);
+               }
+
+               return c;
+       }
+
+       /* Sun's and IBM's JVM don't care about the static flag */
+/*     if (!(m->flags & ACC_STATIC)) { */
+/*             panic("Class initializer is not static!"); */
 
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
-        assert(blockInts == 0);
-        blockInts = b;
+       if (initverbose)
+               log_message_class("Starting static class initializer for class: ", c);
+
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       b = blockInts;
+       blockInts = 0;
 #endif
 
-        if (exceptionptr) {
-                printf ("#### Initializer of ");
-                utf_display (c->name);
-                printf (" has thrown: ");
-                utf_display (exceptionptr->vftbl->class->name);
-                printf ("\n");
-                fflush (stdout);
-                }
-
-        if (initverbose) {
-                sprintf (logtext, "Finished initializer for class: ");
-                utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name);
-                dolog ();
-        }
-        if (c->name == utf_systemclass) {
-                /* class java.lang.System requires explicit initialization */
-
-                if (initverbose)
-                        printf ("#### Initializing class System");
-
-                /* find initializing method */
-                m = class_findmethod (c,
-                                        utf_initsystemclass,
-                                        utf_fidesc);
-
-                if (!m) {
-                        /* no method found */
-                        /* printf("initializeSystemClass failed"); */
-                        return;
-                }
-                #ifdef USE_THREADS
-                        b = blockInts;
-                        blockInts = 0;
-                #endif
-
-                exceptionptr = asm_calljavamethod (m, NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL);
-
-                #ifdef USE_THREADS
-                        assert(blockInts == 0);
-                        blockInts = b;
-                #endif
-
-                if (exceptionptr) {
-                        printf ("#### initializeSystemClass has thrown: ");
-                        utf_display (exceptionptr->vftbl->class->name);
-                        printf ("\n");
-                        fflush (stdout);
-                }
-        }
+       /* now call the initializer */
+       asm_calljavafunction(m, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
-}
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       assert(blockInts == 0);
+       blockInts = b;
+#endif
+
+       /* we have an exception or error */
+       if (*exceptionptr) {
+               /* class is NOT initialized */
+               c->initialized = false;
 
+               /* is this an exception, than wrap it */
+               if (builtin_instanceof(*exceptionptr, class_java_lang_Exception)) {
+                       java_objectheader *xptr;
+                       java_objectheader *cause;
 
+                       /* get the cause */
+                       cause = *exceptionptr;
+
+                       /* clear exception, because we are calling jit code again */
+                       *exceptionptr = NULL;
+
+                       /* wrap the exception */
+                       xptr =
+                               new_exception_throwable(string_java_lang_ExceptionInInitializerError,
+                                                                               (java_lang_Throwable *) cause);
+
+                       /* XXX should we exit here? */
+                       if (*exceptionptr)
+                               throw_exception();
+
+                       /* set new exception */
+                       *exceptionptr = xptr;
+               }
+
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       if (initverbose)
+               log_message_class("Finished static class initializer for class: ", c);
+
+       return c;
+}
 
 
 /********* Function: find_class_method_constant *********/
+
 int find_class_method_constant (classinfo *c, utf * c1, utf* m1, utf* d1)  
 {
        u4 i;
@@ -2705,111 +4138,56 @@ void class_showmethods (classinfo *c)
 }
 
 
-
 /******************************************************************************/
 /******************* General functions for the class loader *******************/
 /******************************************************************************/
 
-/********************* Function: loader_load ***********************************
-
-       Loads and links the class desired class and each class and interface
-       referenced by it.
-       Returns: a pointer to this class
-
-*******************************************************************************/
-
-static int loader_load_running = 0;
-
-classinfo *loader_load (utf *topname)
-{
-       classinfo *top;
-       classinfo *c;
-       long int starttime=0,stoptime=0;
-
-       /* avoid recursive calls */
-       if (loader_load_running)
-               return class_new(topname);
-       loader_load_running++;
-       
-       intsDisable();                           /* schani */
-
-       if (getloadingtime)
-               starttime = getcputime();
-
-       top = class_new (topname);
-
-       /* load classes */
-       while ( (c = list_first(&unloadedclasses)) ) {
-               if (!class_load (c)) {
-                       list_remove (&unloadedclasses, c);
-                       top=NULL;
-                   }
-        }
-
-       /* link classes */
-       while ( (c = list_first(&unlinkedclasses)) ) {
-               class_link (c);
-               }
-
-       if (loader_inited)
-               loader_compute_subclasses();
-
-       /* measure time */
-       if (getloadingtime) {
-               stoptime = getcputime();
-               loadingtime += (stoptime-starttime);
-               }
-
-       intsRestore();                          /* schani */
-
-       loader_load_running--;
-       
-       return top; 
-}
-
-
 /**************** function: create_primitive_classes ***************************
 
-       create classes representing primitive types 
-
-********************************************************************************/
+       create classes representing primitive types
 
+*******************************************************************************/
 
-void create_primitive_classes()
+static bool create_primitive_classes()
 {  
-       int i;
+       s4 i;
 
-       for (i=0;i<PRIMITIVETYPE_COUNT;i++) {
+       for (i = 0; i < PRIMITIVETYPE_COUNT; i++) {
                /* create primitive class */
-               classinfo *c = class_new ( utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].name) );
-                c -> classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */               
-               c -> impldBy = NULL;
-
+               classinfo *c =
+                       class_new_intern(utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].name));
+               c->classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
+               c->impldBy = NULL;
+               
                /* prevent loader from loading primitive class */
-               list_remove (&unloadedclasses, c);
-               /* add to unlinked classes */
-               list_addlast (&unlinkedclasses, c);             
-               c -> super = class_java_lang_Object;
-               class_link (c);
+               c->loaded = true;
+               if (!class_link(c))
+                       return false;
 
                primitivetype_table[i].class_primitive = c;
 
                /* create class for wrapping the primitive type */
-               primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap =
-                       class_new( utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].wrapname) );
-                primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap -> classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
-               primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap  -> impldBy = NULL;
+               c = class_new_intern(utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].wrapname));
+               primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap = c;
+               primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap->classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
+               primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap->impldBy = NULL;
 
                /* create the primitive array class */
                if (primitivetype_table[i].arrayname) {
-                       c = class_new( utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].arrayname) );
+                       c = class_new_intern(utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].arrayname));
                        primitivetype_table[i].arrayclass = c;
-                       if (!c->linked) class_link(c);
+                       c->loaded = true;
+                       if (!c->linked)
+                               if (!class_link(c))
+                                       return false;
                        primitivetype_table[i].arrayvftbl = c->vftbl;
                }
        }
+
+       return true;
 }
 
+
 /**************** function: class_primitive_from_sig ***************************
 
        return the primitive class indicated by the given signature character
@@ -2842,78 +4220,193 @@ classinfo *class_primitive_from_sig(char sig)
     utf_ptr....first character of descriptor
     end_ptr....first character after the end of the string
     next.......if non-NULL, *next is set to the first character after
-               the descriptor
-    mode.......what to do if a class descriptor is parsed successfully:
+               the descriptor. (Undefined if an error occurs.)
+
+    mode.......a combination (binary or) of the following flags:
+
+               (Flags marked with * are the default settings.)
+
+               What to do if a reference type descriptor is parsed successfully:
+
                    CLASSLOAD_SKIP...skip it and return something != NULL
-                   CLASSLOAD_NEW....get classinfo * via class_new
+                                * CLASSLOAD_NEW....get classinfo * via class_new
                    CLASSLOAD_LOAD...get classinfo * via loader_load
 
-    If the descriptor is invalid the return value is NULL
+               How to handle primitive types:
 
-********************************************************************************/
+                            * CLASSLOAD_PRIMITIVE.......return primitive class (eg. "int")
+                   CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE...return NULL for primitive types
+
+               How to handle "V" descriptors:
+
+                            * CLASSLOAD_VOID.....handle it like other primitive types
+                   CLASSLOAD_NOVOID...treat it as an error
 
-classinfo *class_from_descriptor(char *utf_ptr,char *end_ptr,char **next,int mode)
+               How to deal with extra characters after the end of the
+               descriptor:
+
+                            * CLASSLOAD_NOCHECKEND...ignore (useful for parameter lists)
+                   CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND.....treat them as an error
+
+               How to deal with errors:
+
+                            * CLASSLOAD_PANIC....abort execution with an error message
+                   CLASSLOAD_NOPANIC..return NULL on error
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+classinfo *class_from_descriptor(char *utf_ptr, char *end_ptr,
+                                                                char **next, int mode)
 {
        char *start = utf_ptr;
        bool error = false;
        utf *name;
+
+       SKIP_FIELDDESCRIPTOR_SAFE(utf_ptr, end_ptr, error);
+
+       if (mode & CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND)
+               error |= (utf_ptr != end_ptr);
        
-       SKIP_FIELDDESCRIPTOR_SAFE(utf_ptr,end_ptr,error);
-       if (error) return NULL;
-       if (next) *next = utf_ptr;
+       if (!error) {
+               if (next) *next = utf_ptr;
+               
+               switch (*start) {
+                 case 'V':
+                         if (mode & CLASSLOAD_NOVOID)
+                                 break;
+                         /* FALLTHROUGH! */
+                 case 'I':
+                 case 'J':
+                 case 'F':
+                 case 'D':
+                 case 'B':
+                 case 'C':
+                 case 'S':
+                 case 'Z':
+                         return (mode & CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE)
+                                 ? NULL
+                                 : class_primitive_from_sig(*start);
+                         
+                 case 'L':
+                         start++;
+                         utf_ptr--;
+                         /* FALLTHROUGH! */
+                 case '[':
+                         if (mode & CLASSLOAD_SKIP) return class_java_lang_Object;
+                         name = utf_new(start, utf_ptr - start);
+                         if (opt_eager) {
+                                 classinfo *tc;
+
+                                 tc = class_new_intern(name);
+                                 class_load(tc);
+                                 list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, tc);
+
+                                 return tc;
+
+                         } else {
+                                 return (mode & CLASSLOAD_LOAD)
+                                         ? class_load(class_new(name)) : class_new(name); /* XXX handle errors */
+                         }
+               }
+       }
 
-       switch (*start) {
-         case 'L':
-                 start++;
-                 utf_ptr--;
-                 /* fallthrough */
-         case '[':
-                 if (mode == CLASSLOAD_SKIP) return class_java_lang_Object;
-                 name = utf_new(start,utf_ptr-start);
-                 return (mode == CLASSLOAD_LOAD) ? loader_load(name) : class_new(name);
-         default:
-                 return class_primitive_from_sig(*start);
+       /* An error occurred */
+       if (mode & CLASSLOAD_NOPANIC)
+               return NULL;
+
+       log_plain("Invalid descriptor at beginning of '");
+       log_plain_utf(utf_new(start, end_ptr - start));
+       log_plain("'");
+       log_nl();
+                                                 
+       panic("Invalid descriptor");
+
+       /* keep compiler happy */
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/******************* function: type_from_descriptor ****************************
+
+    return the basic type indicated by the given descriptor
+
+    This function parses a descriptor and returns its basic type as
+    TYPE_INT, TYPE_LONG, TYPE_FLOAT, TYPE_DOUBLE, TYPE_ADDRESS or TYPE_VOID.
+
+    cls...if non-NULL the referenced variable is set to the classinfo *
+          returned by class_from_descriptor.
+
+    For documentation of the arguments utf_ptr, end_ptr, next and mode
+    see class_from_descriptor. The only difference is that
+    type_from_descriptor always uses CLASSLOAD_PANIC.
+
+********************************************************************************/
+
+int type_from_descriptor(classinfo **cls, char *utf_ptr, char *end_ptr,
+                                                char **next, int mode)
+{
+       classinfo *mycls;
+       if (!cls) cls = &mycls;
+       *cls = class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr, end_ptr, next, mode & (~CLASSLOAD_NOPANIC));
+       switch (*utf_ptr) {
+         case 'B': 
+         case 'C':
+         case 'I':
+         case 'S':  
+         case 'Z':
+                 return TYPE_INT;
+         case 'D':
+                 return TYPE_DOUBLE;
+         case 'F':
+                 return TYPE_FLOAT;
+         case 'J':
+                 return TYPE_LONG;
+         case 'V':
+                 return TYPE_VOID;
        }
+       return TYPE_ADDRESS;
 }
 
+
 /*************** function: create_pseudo_classes *******************************
 
        create pseudo classes used by the typechecker
 
 ********************************************************************************/
 
-static void
-create_pseudo_classes()
+static void create_pseudo_classes()
 {
     /* pseudo class for Arraystubs (extends java.lang.Object) */
     
-    pseudo_class_Arraystub = class_new( utf_new_char(";Arraystub;") );
-    list_remove(&unloadedclasses,pseudo_class_Arraystub);
-
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("$ARRAYSTUB$"));
+       pseudo_class_Arraystub->loaded = true;
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->super = class_java_lang_Object;
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfacescount = 2;
-    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*,2);
-    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[0] =
-        class_java_lang_Cloneable;
-    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[1] =
-        class_java_io_Serializable;
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*, 2);
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[0] = class_java_lang_Cloneable;
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[1] = class_java_io_Serializable;
 
-    list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses,pseudo_class_Arraystub);
     class_link(pseudo_class_Arraystub);
 
        pseudo_class_Arraystub_vftbl = pseudo_class_Arraystub->vftbl;
 
     /* pseudo class representing the null type */
     
-    pseudo_class_Null = class_new( utf_new_char(";Null;") );
-    list_remove(&unloadedclasses,pseudo_class_Null);
-
+       pseudo_class_Null = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("$NULL$"));
+       pseudo_class_Null->loaded = true;
     pseudo_class_Null->super = class_java_lang_Object;
+       class_link(pseudo_class_Null);  
 
-    list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses,pseudo_class_Null);
-    class_link(pseudo_class_Null);     
+    /* pseudo class representing new uninitialized objects */
+    
+       pseudo_class_New = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("$NEW$"));
+       pseudo_class_New->loaded = true;
+       pseudo_class_New->linked = true;
+       pseudo_class_New->super = class_java_lang_Object;
+/*     class_link(pseudo_class_New); */
 }
 
+
 /********************** Function: loader_init **********************************
 
        Initializes all lists and loads all classes required for the system or the
@@ -2921,220 +4414,137 @@ create_pseudo_classes()
 
 *******************************************************************************/
  
-void loader_init (u1 * stackbottom)
+void loader_init(u1 *stackbottom)
 {
        interfaceindex = 0;
        
-       
-       log_text("Entering loader_init");
-                               
-       
-       list_init (&unloadedclasses, OFFSET(classinfo, listnode) );
-       list_init (&unlinkedclasses, OFFSET(classinfo, listnode) );
-       list_init (&linkedclasses, OFFSET(classinfo, listnode) );
-
        /* create utf-symbols for pointer comparison of frequently used strings */
        utf_innerclasses    = utf_new_char("InnerClasses");
        utf_constantvalue   = utf_new_char("ConstantValue");
-       utf_code                = utf_new_char("Code");
+       utf_code            = utf_new_char("Code");
+       utf_exceptions      = utf_new_char("Exceptions");
+       utf_linenumbertable = utf_new_char("LineNumberTable");
+       utf_sourcefile      = utf_new_char("SourceFile");
        utf_finalize        = utf_new_char("finalize");
        utf_fidesc              = utf_new_char("()V");
+       utf_init                = utf_new_char("<init>");
        utf_clinit              = utf_new_char("<clinit>");
        utf_initsystemclass = utf_new_char("initializeSystemClass");
        utf_systemclass     = utf_new_char("java/lang/System");
-       utf_vmclassloader =utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClassLoader");
-       utf_initialize =utf_new_char("initialize");
-       utf_initializedesc =utf_new_char("(I)V");
-
-       utf_vmclass =utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClass");
-
-        /* create some important classes */
-        /* These classes have to be created now because the classinfo
-         * pointers are used in the loading code.
-         */
-        class_java_lang_Object = class_new( utf_new_char ("java/lang/Object") );
-        class_java_lang_String = class_new( utf_new_char("java/lang/String") );
-        class_java_lang_Cloneable = class_new( utf_new_char ("java/lang/Cloneable") );
-        class_java_io_Serializable = class_new( utf_new_char ("java/io/Serializable") );
-
-        log_text("loader_init: java/lang/Object");
-        /* load the classes which were created above */
-        loader_load (class_java_lang_Object->name);
-
-        loader_inited=1; /*JOWENN*/
-
-        class_java_lang_Throwable =
-                loader_load( utf_new_char("java/lang/Throwable") );
-
-        log_text("loader_init:  loader_load: java/lang/ClassCastException");
-        class_java_lang_ClassCastException =
-                loader_load ( utf_new_char ("java/lang/ClassCastException") );
-        class_java_lang_NullPointerException =
-                loader_load ( utf_new_char ("java/lang/NullPointerException") );
-        class_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException = loader_load (
-             utf_new_char ("java/lang/ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException") );
-        class_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException = loader_load (
-             utf_new_char ("java/lang/NegativeArraySizeException") );
-        class_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError = loader_load (
-             utf_new_char ("java/lang/OutOfMemoryError") );
-        class_java_lang_ArrayStoreException =
-                loader_load ( utf_new_char ("java/lang/ArrayStoreException") );
-        class_java_lang_ArithmeticException =
-                loader_load ( utf_new_char ("java/lang/ArithmeticException") );
-        class_java_lang_ThreadDeath =                             /* schani */
-                loader_load ( utf_new_char ("java/lang/ThreadDeath") );
-        /* create classes representing primitive types */
-        create_primitive_classes();
-
-        /* create classes used by the typechecker */
-        create_pseudo_classes();
-
-        /* correct vftbl-entries (retarded loading of class java/lang/String) */
-        stringtable_update();
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
-        if (stackbottom!=0)
-                initLocks();
+       utf_vmclassloader   = utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClassLoader");
+       utf_initialize      = utf_new_char("initialize");
+       utf_initializedesc  = utf_new_char("(I)V");
+       utf_vmclass         = utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClass");
+       utf_java_lang_Object= utf_new_char("java/lang/Object");
+       array_packagename   = utf_new_char("<the array package>");
+       utf_fillInStackTrace_name = utf_new_char("fillInStackTrace");
+       utf_fillInStackTrace_desc = utf_new_char("()Ljava/lang/Throwable;");
+
+       /* create some important classes */
+       /* These classes have to be created now because the classinfo
+        * pointers are used in the loading code.
+        */
+       class_java_lang_Object = class_new_intern(utf_java_lang_Object);
+       class_load(class_java_lang_Object);
+       class_link(class_java_lang_Object);
+
+       class_java_lang_String = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/String"));
+       class_load(class_java_lang_String);
+       class_link(class_java_lang_String);
+
+       class_java_lang_Cloneable = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
+       class_load(class_java_lang_Cloneable);
+       class_link(class_java_lang_Cloneable);
+
+       class_java_io_Serializable =
+               class_new(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
+       class_load(class_java_io_Serializable);
+       class_link(class_java_io_Serializable);
+
+       /* create classes representing primitive types */
+       create_primitive_classes();
+
+       /* create classes used by the typechecker */
+       create_pseudo_classes();
+
+       /* correct vftbl-entries (retarded loading of class java/lang/String) */
+       stringtable_update();
+
+#if defined(USE_THREADS)
+       if (stackbottom != 0)
+               initLocks();
 #endif
+}
 
 
+/* loader_compute_subclasses ***************************************************
 
-        log_text("loader_init: creating global proto_java_lang_ClassCastException");
-        proto_java_lang_ClassCastException =
-                builtin_new(class_java_lang_ClassCastException);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_ClassCastException);
+   XXX
 
-        log_text("loader_init: proto_java_lang_ClassCastException has been initialized");
+*******************************************************************************/
 
-        proto_java_lang_NullPointerException =
-               builtin_new(class_java_lang_NullPointerException);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_NullPointerException);
-        log_text("loader_init: proto_java_lang_NullPointerException has been initialized");
+static void loader_compute_class_values(classinfo *c);
 
-        proto_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException =
-                builtin_new(class_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException);
+void loader_compute_subclasses(classinfo *c)
+{
+#if defined(USE_THREADS)
+#if defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       compiler_lock();
+#else
+       intsDisable();
+#endif
+#endif
 
-        proto_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException =
-                builtin_new(class_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException);
+       if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
+               c->nextsub = 0;
+               c->sub = 0;
+       }
 
-        proto_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError =
-                builtin_new(class_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError);
+       if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) && (c->super != NULL)) {
+               c->nextsub = c->super->sub;
+               c->super->sub = c;
+       }
 
-        proto_java_lang_ArithmeticException =
-               builtin_new(class_java_lang_ArithmeticException);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_ArithmeticException);
+       classvalue = 0;
 
-        proto_java_lang_ArrayStoreException =
-                builtin_new(class_java_lang_ArrayStoreException);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_ArrayStoreException);
+       /* this is the java.lang.Object special case */
 
-        proto_java_lang_ThreadDeath =                             /* schani */
-                builtin_new(class_java_lang_ThreadDeath);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_ThreadDeath);
+       if (!class_java_lang_Object) {
+               loader_compute_class_values(c);
 
-        loader_inited = 1;
+       } else {
+               loader_compute_class_values(class_java_lang_Object);
+       }
 
+#if defined(USE_THREADS)
+#if defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       compiler_unlock();
+#else
+       intsRestore();
+#endif
+#endif
 }
 
 
+/* loader_compute_class_values *************************************************
 
-
-/********************* Function: loader_initclasses ****************************
-
-       Initializes all loaded but uninitialized classes
+   XXX
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void loader_initclasses ()
-{
-       classinfo *c;
-       
-       intsDisable();                     /* schani */
-
-       if (makeinitializations) {
-               c = list_first (&linkedclasses);
-               while (c) {
-                       class_init (c);
-                       c = list_next (&linkedclasses, c);
-                       }
-               }
-
-       intsRestore();                      /* schani */
-}
-
-static s4 classvalue;
-
-static void loader_compute_class_values (classinfo *c)
+static void loader_compute_class_values(classinfo *c)
 {
        classinfo *subs;
 
        c->vftbl->baseval = ++classvalue;
 
        subs = c->sub;
-       while (subs != NULL) {
+       while (subs) {
                loader_compute_class_values(subs);
                subs = subs->nextsub;
-               }
-       c->vftbl->diffval = classvalue - c->vftbl->baseval;
-       
-       /*
-       {
-       int i;
-       for (i = 0; i < c->index; i++)
-               printf(" ");
-       printf("%3d  %3d  ", (int) c->vftbl->baseval, c->vftbl->diffval);
-       utf_display(c->name);
-       printf("\n");
        }
-       */
-       
-}
-
-
-void loader_compute_subclasses ()
-{
-       classinfo *c;
-       
-       intsDisable();                     /* schani */
-
-       c = list_first (&linkedclasses);
-       while (c) {
-               if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
-                       c->nextsub = 0;
-                       c->sub = 0;
-                       }
-               c = list_next (&linkedclasses, c);
-               }
-
-       c = list_first (&linkedclasses);
-       while (c) {
-               if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) && (c->super != NULL)) {
-                       c->nextsub = c->super->sub;
-                       c->super->sub = c;
-                       }
-               c = list_next (&linkedclasses, c);
-               }
-       classvalue = 0;
-       loader_compute_class_values(class_java_lang_Object);
-
-       intsRestore();                      /* schani */
-}
-
-
-
-/******************** function classloader_buffer ******************************
-    sets buffer for reading classdata
-
-*******************************************************************************/
 
-void classload_buffer(u1 *buf, int len)
-{
-       classbuffer        =  buf;
-       classbuffer_size   =  len;
-       classbuf_pos       =  buf - 1;
+       c->vftbl->diffval = classvalue - c->vftbl->baseval;
 }
 
 
@@ -3144,22 +4554,19 @@ void classload_buffer(u1 *buf, int len)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void loader_close ()
+void loader_close()
 {
        classinfo *c;
+       s4 slot;
 
-       while ( (c=list_first(&unloadedclasses)) ) {
-               list_remove (&unloadedclasses,c);
-               class_free (c);
-               }
-       while ( (c=list_first(&unlinkedclasses)) ) {
-               list_remove (&unlinkedclasses,c);
-               class_free (c);
-               }
-       while ( (c=list_first(&linkedclasses)) ) {
-               list_remove (&linkedclasses,c);
-               class_free (c);
+       for (slot = 0; slot < class_hash.size; slot++) {
+               c = class_hash.ptr[slot];
+
+               while (c) {
+                       class_free(c);
+                       c = c->hashlink;
                }
+       }
 }