* src/vm/jit/jit.h (jitdata): Removed isleafmethod.
[cacao.git] / src / vm / jit / powerpc / codegen.c
index 3b9a60d40b0fe68174a6892832520fe8290eeb50..96faa9adaf3ed3a18aaded3693a509d1dc152088 100644 (file)
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@
    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
    02110-1301, USA.
 
-   $Id: codegen.c 7293 2007-02-06 08:58:32Z twisti $
-
 */
 
 
 #include "vm/jit/powerpc/codegen.h"
 
 #include "mm/memory.h"
+
+#include "native/localref.h"
 #include "native/native.h"
 
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-# include "threads/native/lock.h"
-#endif
+#include "threads/lock-common.h"
 
 #include "vm/builtin.h"
 #include "vm/exceptions.h"
@@ -53,6 +51,7 @@
 #include "vm/stringlocal.h"
 #include "vm/vm.h"
 
+#include "vm/jit/abi.h"
 #include "vm/jit/abi-asm.h"
 #include "vm/jit/asmpart.h"
 #include "vm/jit/codegen-common.h"
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@
 #include "vm/jit/md.h"
 #include "vm/jit/methodheader.h"
 #include "vm/jit/parse.h"
-#include "vm/jit/patcher.h"
+#include "vm/jit/patcher-common.h"
 #include "vm/jit/reg.h"
 #include "vm/jit/replace.h"
 #include "vm/jit/stacktrace.h"
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
+bool codegen_emit(jitdata *jd)
 {
        methodinfo         *m;
        codeinfo           *code;
@@ -128,7 +127,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
        /* space to save used callee saved registers */
 
        savedregs_num += (INT_SAV_CNT - rd->savintreguse);
-       savedregs_num += (FLT_SAV_CNT - rd->savfltreguse) * 2;
+       savedregs_num += (FLT_SAV_CNT - rd->savfltreguse);
 
        cd->stackframesize = rd->memuse + savedregs_num;
 
@@ -138,29 +137,22 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
           not be shared with place to save the return register on PPC,
           since both values reside in R3. */
 
-       if (checksync && (m->flags & ACC_SYNCHRONIZED)) {
-               /* reserve 2 slots for long/double return values for monitorexit */
-
-               if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(m->parseddesc->returntype.type))
-                       cd->stackframesize += 3;
-               else
-                       cd->stackframesize += 2;
-       }
-
+       if (checksync && (m->flags & ACC_SYNCHRONIZED))
+               cd->stackframesize += 2;
 #endif
 
        /* create method header */
 
        /* align stack to 16-bytes */
 
-       if (!jd->isleafmethod || JITDATA_HAS_FLAG_VERBOSECALL(jd))
-               cd->stackframesize = (cd->stackframesize + 3) & ~3;
+       if (!code_is_leafmethod(code) || JITDATA_HAS_FLAG_VERBOSECALL(jd))
+               ALIGN_2(cd->stackframesize);
 
-       else if (jd->isleafmethod && (cd->stackframesize == LA_SIZE_IN_POINTERS))
+       else if (code_is_leafmethod(code) && (cd->stackframesize == LA_SIZE_IN_POINTERS))
                cd->stackframesize = 0;
 
        (void) dseg_add_unique_address(cd, code);              /* CodeinfoPointer */
-       (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, cd->stackframesize * 4); /* FrameSize       */
+       (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, cd->stackframesize * 8); /* FrameSize       */
 
 #if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
        /* IsSync contains the offset relative to the stack pointer for the
@@ -170,12 +162,18 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
        */
 
        if (checksync && (m->flags & ACC_SYNCHRONIZED))
-               (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, (rd->memuse + 1) * 4);/* IsSync         */
+               (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, (rd->memuse + 1) * 8);/* IsSync         */
        else
 #endif
                (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);                  /* IsSync          */
                                               
-       (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, jd->isleafmethod);       /* IsLeaf          */
+       /* REMOVEME: We still need it for exception handling in assembler. */
+
+       if (code_is_leafmethod(code))
+               (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 1);
+       else
+               (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);
+
        (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, INT_SAV_CNT - rd->savintreguse); /* IntSave */
        (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, FLT_SAV_CNT - rd->savfltreguse); /* FltSave */
 
@@ -209,22 +207,22 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
        /* create stack frame (if necessary) */
 
-       if (!jd->isleafmethod) {
+       if (!code_is_leafmethod(code)) {
                M_MFLR(REG_ZERO);
                M_AST(REG_ZERO, REG_SP, LA_LR_OFFSET);
        }
 
        if (cd->stackframesize)
-               M_STWU(REG_SP, REG_SP, -(cd->stackframesize * 4));
+               M_STWU(REG_SP, REG_SP, -(cd->stackframesize * 8));
 
        /* save return address and used callee saved registers */
 
        p = cd->stackframesize;
        for (i = INT_SAV_CNT - 1; i >= rd->savintreguse; i--) {
-               p--; M_IST(rd->savintregs[i], REG_SP, p * 4);
+               p--; M_IST(rd->savintregs[i], REG_SP, p * 8);
        }
        for (i = FLT_SAV_CNT - 1; i >= rd->savfltreguse; i--) {
-               p -= 2; M_DST(rd->savfltregs[i], REG_SP, p * 4);
+               p--; M_DST(rd->savfltregs[i], REG_SP, p * 8);
        }
 
        /* take arguments out of register or stack frame */
@@ -243,90 +241,67 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        continue;
 
                var = VAR(varindex);
+               s1  = md->params[p].regoff;
 
-               s1 = md->params[p].regoff;
-               if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(t)) {                    /* integer args          */
-                       if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
-                               s2 = PACK_REGS(rd->argintregs[GET_LOW_REG(s1)],
-                                                          rd->argintregs[GET_HIGH_REG(s1)]);
-                       else
-                               s2 = rd->argintregs[s1];
-                       if (!md->params[p].inmemory) {           /* register arguments    */
-                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags)) {      /* reg arg -> register   */
+               if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(t)) {
+                       if (!md->params[p].inmemory) {
+                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags)) {
                                        if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
-                                               M_LNGMOVE(s2, var->vv.regoff);
+                                               M_LNGMOVE(s1, var->vv.regoff);
                                        else
-                                               M_INTMOVE(s2, var->vv.regoff);
-
-                               } else {                             /* reg arg -> spilled    */
+                                               M_INTMOVE(s1, var->vv.regoff);
+                               }
+                               else {
                                        if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
-                                               M_LST(s2, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff * 4);
+                                               M_LST(s1, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff);
                                        else
-                                               M_IST(s2, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff * 4);
+                                               M_IST(s1, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff);
                                }
-
-                       } else {                                 /* stack arguments       */
-                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags)) {      /* stack arg -> register */
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags)) {
                                        if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
-                                               M_LLD(var->vv.regoff, REG_SP, (cd->stackframesize + s1) * 4);
+                                               M_LLD(var->vv.regoff, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8 + s1);
                                        else
-                                               M_ILD(var->vv.regoff, REG_SP, (cd->stackframesize + s1) * 4);
-
-                               } else {                             /* stack arg -> spilled  */
+                                               M_ILD(var->vv.regoff, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8 + s1);
+                               }
+                               else {
 #if 1
-                                       M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, (cd->stackframesize + s1) * 4);
-                                       M_IST(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff * 4);
+                                       M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8 + s1);
+                                       M_IST(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff);
                                        if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t)) {
-                                               M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, (cd->stackframesize + s1) * 4 +4);
-                                               M_IST(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff * 4 + 4);
+                                               M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8 + s1 + 4);
+                                               M_IST(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff + 4);
                                        }
 #else
                                        /* Reuse Memory Position on Caller Stack */
-                                       var->vv.regoff = cd->stackframesize + s1;
+                                       var->vv.regoff = cd->stackframesize * 8 + s1;
 #endif
                                }
                        }
-
-               } else {                                     /* floating args         */
-                       if (!md->params[p].inmemory) {           /* register arguments    */
-                               s2 = rd->argfltregs[s1];
-                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags)) {      /* reg arg -> register   */
-                                       M_FLTMOVE(s2, var->vv.regoff);
-
-                               } else {                                         /* reg arg -> spilled    */
-                                       if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
-                                               M_DST(s2, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff * 4);
-                                       else
-                                               M_FST(s2, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff * 4);
-                               }
-
-                       } else {                                 /* stack arguments       */
-                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags)) {      /* stack-arg -> register */
-                                       if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
-                                               M_DLD(var->vv.regoff, REG_SP, (cd->stackframesize + s1) * 4);
-
-                                       else
-                                               M_FLD(var->vv.regoff, REG_SP, (cd->stackframesize + s1) * 4);
-
-                               } else {                             /* stack-arg -> spilled  */
+               }
+               else {
+                       if (!md->params[p].inmemory) {
+                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags))
+                                       M_FLTMOVE(s1, var->vv.regoff);
+                               else
+                                       M_DST(s1, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff);
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags))
+                                       M_DLD(var->vv.regoff, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8 + s1);
+                               else {
 #if 1
-                                       if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t)) {
-                                               M_DLD(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, (cd->stackframesize + s1) * 4);
-                                               M_DST(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff * 4);
-                                               var->vv.regoff = cd->stackframesize + s1;
-
-                                       } else {
-                                               M_FLD(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, (cd->stackframesize + s1) * 4);
-                                               M_FST(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff * 4);
-                                       }
+                                       M_DLD(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8 + s1);
+                                       M_DST(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff);
 #else
                                        /* Reuse Memory Position on Caller Stack */
-                                       var->vv.regoff = cd->stackframesize + s1;
+                                       var->vv.regoff = cd->stackframesize * 8 + s1;
 #endif
                                }
                        }
                }
-       } /* end for */
+       }
 
 #if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
        /* call monitorenter function */
@@ -341,44 +316,41 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        M_AADD_IMM(REG_SP, -((LA_SIZE_IN_POINTERS + ARG_CNT) * 8), REG_SP);
 
                        for (p = 0; p < INT_ARG_CNT; p++)
-                               M_IST(rd->argintregs[p], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + p * 8);
+                               M_IST(abi_registers_integer_argument[p], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + p * 8);
 
                        for (p = 0; p < FLT_ARG_CNT; p++)
-                               M_DST(rd->argfltregs[p], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + (INT_ARG_CNT + p) * 8);
+                               M_DST(abi_registers_float_argument[p], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + (INT_ARG_CNT + p) * 8);
 
-                       /* ATTENTION: We multiply here with 2, because we use * 8
-                          above for simplicity and below * 4! */
-
-                       s1 += (LA_SIZE_IN_POINTERS + ARG_CNT) * 2;
+                       s1 += LA_SIZE_IN_POINTERS + ARG_CNT;
                }
 # endif
 
-               p = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, LOCK_monitor_enter);
-               M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, p);
+               disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, LOCK_monitor_enter);
+               M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);
                M_MTCTR(REG_ITMP3);
 
                /* get or test the lock object */
 
                if (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) {
-                       p = dseg_add_address(cd, &m->class->object.header);
-                       M_ALD(REG_A0, REG_PV, p);
+                       disp = dseg_add_address(cd, &m->class->object.header);
+                       M_ALD(REG_A0, REG_PV, disp);
                }
                else {
                        M_TST(REG_A0);
-                       M_BEQ(0);
-                       codegen_add_nullpointerexception_ref(cd);
+                       M_BNE(1);
+                       M_ALD_INTERN(REG_ZERO, REG_ZERO, EXCEPTION_HARDWARE_NULLPOINTER);
                }
 
-               M_AST(REG_A0, REG_SP, s1 * 4);
+               M_AST(REG_A0, REG_SP, s1 * 8);
                M_JSR;
 
 # if !defined(NDEBUG)
                if (JITDATA_HAS_FLAG_VERBOSECALL(jd)) {
                        for (p = 0; p < INT_ARG_CNT; p++)
-                               M_ILD(rd->argintregs[p], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + p * 8);
+                               M_ILD(abi_registers_integer_argument[p], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + p * 8);
 
                        for (p = 0; p < FLT_ARG_CNT; p++)
-                               M_DLD(rd->argfltregs[p], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + (INT_ARG_CNT + p) * 8);
+                               M_DLD(abi_registers_float_argument[p], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + (INT_ARG_CNT + p) * 8);
 
                        M_AADD_IMM(REG_SP, (LA_SIZE_IN_POINTERS + ARG_CNT) * 8, REG_SP);
                }
@@ -553,7 +525,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                                disp = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, cr);
 
-                               codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_classinfo,
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_classinfo,
                                                                        cr, disp);
                        }
                        else
@@ -578,13 +550,13 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_COPY:
                case ICMD_MOVE:
                        
-                       emit_copy(jd, iptr, VAROP(iptr->s1), VAROP(iptr->dst));
+                       emit_copy(jd, iptr);
                        break;
        
                case ICMD_ASTORE:
 
                        if (!(iptr->flags.bits & INS_FLAG_RETADDR))
-                               emit_copy(jd, iptr, VAROP(iptr->s1), VAROP(iptr->dst));
+                               emit_copy(jd, iptr);
                        break;
 
 
@@ -787,9 +759,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_TST(s2);
-                       M_BEQ(0);
-                       codegen_add_arithmeticexception_ref(cd);
+                       emit_arithmetic_check(cd, iptr, s2);
                        M_LDAH(REG_ITMP3, REG_ZERO, 0x8000);
                        M_CMP(REG_ITMP3, s1);
                        M_BNE(3 + (s1 != d));
@@ -806,9 +776,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_TST(s2);
-                       M_BEQ(0);
-                       codegen_add_arithmeticexception_ref(cd);
+                       emit_arithmetic_check(cd, iptr, s2);
                        M_LDAH(REG_ITMP3, REG_ZERO, 0x8000);
                        M_CMP(REG_ITMP3, s1);
                        M_BNE(4);
@@ -825,26 +793,21 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_LDIV:       /* ..., val1, val2  ==> ..., val1 / val2        */
                case ICMD_LREM:       /* ..., val1, val2  ==> ..., val1 % val2        */
 
-                       bte = iptr->sx.s23.s3.bte;
-                       md  = bte->md;
+                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_A0_A1_PACKED);
+                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_A2_A3_PACKED);
 
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP12_PACKED);
+                       /* XXX TODO: only do this if arithmetic check is really done! */
                        M_OR_TST(GET_HIGH_REG(s2), GET_LOW_REG(s2), REG_ITMP3);
-                       M_BEQ(0);
-                       codegen_add_arithmeticexception_ref(cd);
+                       /* XXX could be optimized */
+                       emit_arithmetic_check(cd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
 
+                       bte = iptr->sx.s23.s3.bte;
                        disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, bte->fp);
                        M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);
                        M_MTCTR(REG_ITMP3);
 
-                       s3 = PACK_REGS(rd->argintregs[GET_LOW_REG(md->params[1].regoff)],
-                                                  rd->argintregs[GET_HIGH_REG(md->params[1].regoff)]);
-                       M_LNGMOVE(s2, s3);
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP12_PACKED);
-                       s3 = PACK_REGS(rd->argintregs[GET_LOW_REG(md->params[0].regoff)],
-                                                  rd->argintregs[GET_HIGH_REG(md->params[0].regoff)]);
-                       M_LNGMOVE(s1, s3);
+                       M_LNGMOVE(s1, REG_A0_A1_PACKED);
+                       M_LNGMOVE(s2, REG_A2_A3_PACKED);
 
                        M_JSR;
 
@@ -1288,7 +1251,6 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_FCMPL:      /* ..., val1, val2  ==> ..., val1 fcmpg val2    */
                case ICMD_DCMPL:      /* == => 0, < => 1, > => -1                     */
 
-
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
@@ -1318,122 +1280,6 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
                        
-               case ICMD_IF_FCMPEQ:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-               case ICMD_IF_DCMPEQ:
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
-                       M_FCMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BNAN(1);
-                       M_BEQ(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IF_FCMPNE:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-               case ICMD_IF_DCMPNE:
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
-                       M_FCMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BNAN(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       M_BNE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-
-               case ICMD_IF_FCMPL_LT:  /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-               case ICMD_IF_DCMPL_LT:
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
-                       M_FCMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BNAN(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       M_BLT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IF_FCMPL_GT:  /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-               case ICMD_IF_DCMPL_GT:
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
-                       M_FCMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BNAN(1);
-                       M_BGT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IF_FCMPL_LE:  /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-               case ICMD_IF_DCMPL_LE:
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
-                       M_FCMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BNAN(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       M_BLE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IF_FCMPL_GE:  /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-               case ICMD_IF_DCMPL_GE:
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
-                       M_FCMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BNAN(1);
-                       M_BGE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IF_FCMPG_LT:  /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-               case ICMD_IF_DCMPG_LT:
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
-                       M_FCMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BNAN(1);
-                       M_BLT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IF_FCMPG_GT:  /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-               case ICMD_IF_DCMPG_GT:
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
-                       M_FCMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BNAN(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       M_BGT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IF_FCMPG_LE:  /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-               case ICMD_IF_DCMPG_LE:
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
-                       M_FCMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BNAN(1);
-                       M_BLE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IF_FCMPG_GE:  /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-               case ICMD_IF_DCMPG_GE:
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
-                       M_FCMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BNAN(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       M_BGE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
 
                /* memory operations **************************************************/
 
@@ -1441,8 +1287,8 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_nullpointer_check(cd, iptr, s1);
-                       M_ILD(d, s1, OFFSET(java_arrayheader, size));
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       M_ILD(d, s1, OFFSET(java_array_t, size));
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
 
@@ -1451,8 +1297,9 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(s2, OFFSET(java_bytearray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(s2, OFFSET(java_bytearray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_LBZX(d, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_BSEXT(d, d);
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
@@ -1463,9 +1310,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 1, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_chararray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_chararray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_LHZX(d, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
@@ -1475,9 +1323,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 1, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_shortarray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_shortarray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_LHAX(d, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
@@ -1487,9 +1336,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 2, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_intarray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_intarray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_LWZX(d, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
@@ -1499,10 +1349,11 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP12_PACKED);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 3, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_IADD(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_LLD_INTERN(d, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_longarray, data[0]));
+                       M_LLD_INTERN(d, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_longarray_t, data[0]));
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
 
@@ -1511,9 +1362,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 2, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_floatarray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_floatarray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_LFSX(d, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
@@ -1523,9 +1375,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 3, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_doublearray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_doublearray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_LFDX(d, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
@@ -1535,9 +1388,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 2, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_objectarray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_objectarray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_LWZX(d, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
@@ -1547,9 +1401,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(s2, OFFSET(java_bytearray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(s2, OFFSET(java_bytearray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_STBX(s3, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        break;
 
@@ -1557,10 +1412,11 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 1, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_chararray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_chararray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_STHX(s3, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        break;
 
@@ -1568,10 +1424,11 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 1, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_shortarray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_shortarray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_STHX(s3, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        break;
 
@@ -1579,10 +1436,11 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 2, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_intarray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_intarray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_STWX(s3, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        break;
 
@@ -1590,10 +1448,11 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 3, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_longarray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_longarray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_STWX(s3, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, 4, REG_ITMP2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
@@ -1604,10 +1463,11 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP3);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 2, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_floatarray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_floatarray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_STFSX(s3, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        break;
 
@@ -1615,10 +1475,11 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP3);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 3, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_doublearray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_doublearray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_STFDX(s3, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        break;
 
@@ -1626,10 +1487,11 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_A0);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_A1);
 
-                       disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, BUILTIN_canstore);
+                       /* XXX what if array is NULL */
+                       disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, BUILTIN_FAST_canstore);
                        M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);
                        M_MTCTR(REG_ITMP3);
 
@@ -1637,15 +1499,14 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        M_INTMOVE(s3, REG_A1);
 
                        M_JSR;
-                       M_TST(REG_RESULT);
-                       M_BEQ(0);
-                       codegen_add_arraystoreexception_ref(cd);
+                       emit_arraystore_check(cd, iptr);
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
                        M_SLL_IMM(s2, 2, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_objectarray, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_IADD_IMM(REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(java_objectarray_t, data[0]), REG_ITMP2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        M_STWX(s3, s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        break;
 
@@ -1657,15 +1518,15 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                fieldtype = uf->fieldref->parseddesc.fd->type;
                                disp      = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, uf);
 
-                               codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_get_putstatic, uf, disp);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_get_putstatic, uf, disp);
                        }
                        else {
                                fi        = iptr->sx.s23.s3.fmiref->p.field;
                                fieldtype = fi->type;
-                               disp      = dseg_add_address(cd, &(fi->value));
+                               disp      = dseg_add_address(cd, fi->value);
 
                                if (!CLASS_IS_OR_ALMOST_INITIALIZED(fi->class))
-                                       codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_initialize_class,
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_initialize_class,
                                                                                fi->class, disp);
                        }
 
@@ -1703,15 +1564,15 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                fieldtype = uf->fieldref->parseddesc.fd->type;
                                disp      = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, uf);
 
-                               codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_get_putstatic, uf, disp);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_get_putstatic, uf, disp);
                        }
                        else {
                                fi        = iptr->sx.s23.s3.fmiref->p.field;
                                fieldtype = fi->type;
-                               disp      = dseg_add_address(cd, &(fi->value));
+                               disp      = dseg_add_address(cd, fi->value);
 
                                if (!CLASS_IS_OR_ALMOST_INITIALIZED(fi->class))
-                                       codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_initialize_class,
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_initialize_class,
                                                                                fi->class, disp);
                        }
 
@@ -1744,14 +1605,13 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_GETFIELD:   /* ...  ==> ..., value                          */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       emit_nullpointer_check(cd, iptr, s1);
 
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
                                uf        = iptr->sx.s23.s3.uf;
                                fieldtype = uf->fieldref->parseddesc.fd->type;
                                disp      = 0;
 
-                               codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_get_putfield, uf, 0);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_get_putfield, uf, 0);
                        }
                        else {
                                fi        = iptr->sx.s23.s3.fmiref->p.field;
@@ -1759,6 +1619,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                disp      = fi->offset;
                        }
 
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        switch (fieldtype) {
                        case TYPE_INT:
                                d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
@@ -1794,7 +1655,6 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_PUTFIELD:   /* ..., value  ==> ...                          */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       emit_nullpointer_check(cd, iptr, s1);
 
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
                                uf        = iptr->sx.s23.s3.uf;
@@ -1817,8 +1677,9 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
 
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr))
-                               codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_get_putfield, uf, 0);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_get_putfield, uf, 0);
 
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        switch (fieldtype) {
                        case TYPE_INT:
                                M_IST(s2, s1, disp);
@@ -1851,7 +1712,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
                                unresolved_class *uc = iptr->sx.s23.s2.uc;
 
-                               codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_class, uc, 0);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_class, uc, 0);
                        }
 #endif /* ENABLE_VERIFIER */
 
@@ -1859,13 +1720,13 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, REG_PV, disp);
                        M_MTCTR(REG_ITMP2);
 
-                       if (jd->isleafmethod)
+                       if (code_is_leafmethod(code))
                                M_MFLR(REG_ITMP3);                          /* save LR        */
 
                        M_BL(0);                                        /* get current PC */
                        M_MFLR(REG_ITMP2_XPC);
 
-                       if (jd->isleafmethod)
+                       if (code_is_leafmethod(code))
                                M_MTLR(REG_ITMP3);                          /* restore LR     */
 
                        M_RTS;                                          /* jump to CTR    */
@@ -1875,32 +1736,22 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_GOTO:         /* ... ==> ...                                */
                case ICMD_RET:          /* ... ==> ...                                */
 
-                       M_BR(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_br(cd, iptr->dst.block);
                        ALIGNCODENOP;
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_JSR:          /* ... ==> ...                                */
 
-                       M_BR(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->sx.s23.s3.jsrtarget.block);
+                       emit_br(cd, iptr->sx.s23.s3.jsrtarget.block);
                        ALIGNCODENOP;
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IFNULL:       /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
+               case ICMD_IFNONNULL:
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        M_TST(s1);
-                       M_BEQ(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IFNONNULL:    /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_TST(s1);
-                       M_BNE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_bcc(cd, iptr->dst.block, iptr->opc - ICMD_IFNULL, BRANCH_OPT_NONE);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IFLT:
@@ -1917,27 +1768,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                ICONST(REG_ITMP2, iptr->sx.val.i);
                                M_CMP(s1, REG_ITMP2);
                        }
-                       switch (iptr->opc) {
-                       case ICMD_IFLT:
-                               M_BLT(0);
-                               break;
-                       case ICMD_IFLE:
-                               M_BLE(0);
-                               break;
-                       case ICMD_IFNE:
-                               M_BNE(0);
-                               break;
-                       case ICMD_IFGT:
-                               M_BGT(0);
-                               break;
-                       case ICMD_IFGE:
-                               M_BGE(0);
-                               break;
-                       case ICMD_IFEQ:
-                               M_BEQ(0);
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_bcc(cd, iptr->dst.block, iptr->opc - ICMD_IFEQ, BRANCH_OPT_NONE);
                        break;
 
 
@@ -1960,35 +1791,36 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                M_XOR(s2, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2);
                                M_OR_TST(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3);
                        }
-                       M_BEQ(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_beq(cd, iptr->dst.block);
                        break;
                        
                case ICMD_IF_LLT:       /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
+
                        s1 = emit_load_s1_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s1_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0) {
                                /* if high word is less than zero, the whole long is too */
                                M_CMPI(s2, 0);
+                               emit_blt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
                        }
                        else if ((iptr->sx.val.l >= 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 0xffff)) {
                                M_CMPI(s2, 0);
-                               M_BLT(0);
-                               codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                               M_BGT(2);
+                               emit_blt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_label_bgt(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                                M_CMPUI(s1, iptr->sx.val.l & 0xffff);
+                               emit_blt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        }
                        else {
                                ICONST(REG_ITMP3, iptr->sx.val.l >> 32);
                                M_CMP(s2, REG_ITMP3);
-                               M_BLT(0);
-                               codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                               M_BGT(3);
+                               emit_blt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_label_bgt(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                                ICONST(REG_ITMP3, iptr->sx.val.l & 0xffffffff);
                                M_CMPU(s1, REG_ITMP3);
+                               emit_blt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        }
-                       M_BLT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
                        break;
                        
                case ICMD_IF_LLE:       /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
@@ -2002,22 +1834,20 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 /*                     } else  */
                        if ((iptr->sx.val.l >= 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 0xffff)) {
                                M_CMPI(s2, 0);
-                               M_BLT(0);
-                               codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                               M_BGT(2);
+                               emit_blt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_label_bgt(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                                M_CMPUI(s1, iptr->sx.val.l & 0xffff);
                        }
                        else {
                                ICONST(REG_ITMP3, iptr->sx.val.l >> 32);
                                M_CMP(s2, REG_ITMP3);
-                               M_BLT(0);
-                               codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                               M_BGT(3);
+                               emit_blt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_label_bgt(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                                ICONST(REG_ITMP3, iptr->sx.val.l & 0xffffffff);
                                M_CMPU(s1, REG_ITMP3);
                        }
-                       M_BLE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_ble(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        break;
                        
                case ICMD_IF_LNE:       /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
@@ -2039,8 +1869,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                M_XOR(s2, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2);
                                M_OR_TST(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3);
                        }
-                       M_BNE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_bne(cd, iptr->dst.block);
                        break;
                        
                case ICMD_IF_LGT:       /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
@@ -2054,22 +1883,20 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 /*                     } else  */
                        if ((iptr->sx.val.l >= 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 0xffff)) {
                                M_CMPI(s2, 0);
-                               M_BGT(0);
-                               codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                               M_BLT(2);
+                               emit_bgt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_label_blt(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                                M_CMPUI(s1, iptr->sx.val.l & 0xffff);
                        }
                        else {
                                ICONST(REG_ITMP3, iptr->sx.val.l >> 32);
                                M_CMP(s2, REG_ITMP3);
-                               M_BGT(0);
-                               codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                               M_BLT(3);
+                               emit_bgt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_label_blt(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                                ICONST(REG_ITMP3, iptr->sx.val.l & 0xffffffff);
                                M_CMPU(s1, REG_ITMP3);
                        }
-                       M_BGT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_bgt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        break;
                        
                case ICMD_IF_LGE:       /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
@@ -2079,35 +1906,48 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0) {
                                /* if high word is greater equal zero, the whole long is too */
                                M_CMPI(s2, 0);
+                               emit_bge(cd, iptr->dst.block);
                        }
                        else if ((iptr->sx.val.l >= 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 0xffff)) {
                                M_CMPI(s2, 0);
-                               M_BGT(0);
-                               codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                               M_BLT(2);
+                               emit_bgt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_label_blt(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                                M_CMPUI(s1, iptr->sx.val.l & 0xffff);
+                               emit_bge(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        }
                        else {
                                ICONST(REG_ITMP3, iptr->sx.val.l >> 32);
                                M_CMP(s2, REG_ITMP3);
-                               M_BGT(0);
-                               codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                               M_BLT(3);
+                               emit_bgt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_label_blt(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                                ICONST(REG_ITMP3, iptr->sx.val.l & 0xffffffff);
                                M_CMPU(s1, REG_ITMP3);
+                               emit_bge(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        }
-                       M_BGE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_ICMPEQ:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
+               case ICMD_IF_ICMPNE:
+               case ICMD_IF_ICMPLT:
+               case ICMD_IF_ICMPGT:
+               case ICMD_IF_ICMPLE:
+               case ICMD_IF_ICMPGE:
+
+                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
+                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
+                       M_CMP(s1, s2);
+                       emit_bcc(cd, iptr->dst.block, iptr->opc - ICMD_IF_ICMPEQ, BRANCH_OPT_NONE);
+                       break;
+
                case ICMD_IF_ACMPEQ:    /* op1 = target JavaVM pc                     */
+               case ICMD_IF_ACMPNE:
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       M_BEQ(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_bcc(cd, iptr->dst.block, iptr->opc - ICMD_IF_ACMPEQ, BRANCH_OPT_NONE);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_LCMPEQ:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
@@ -2115,23 +1955,12 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       /* load low-bits before the branch, so we know the distance */
+                       emit_label_bne(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        s1 = emit_load_s1_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_BNE(2);
                        M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       M_BEQ(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IF_ICMPNE:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-               case ICMD_IF_ACMPNE:    /* op1 = target JavaVM pc                     */
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       M_BNE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_beq(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_LCMPNE:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
@@ -2139,22 +1968,11 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       M_BNE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_bne(cd, iptr->dst.block);
                        s1 = emit_load_s1_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       M_BNE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IF_ICMPLT:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       M_BLT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_bne(cd, iptr->dst.block);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_LCMPLT:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
@@ -2162,24 +1980,13 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       M_BLT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       /* load low-bits before the branch, so we know the distance */
+                       emit_blt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_label_bgt(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        s1 = emit_load_s1_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_BGT(2);
                        M_CMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BLT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IF_ICMPGT:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       M_BGT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_blt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_LCMPGT:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
@@ -2187,24 +1994,13 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       M_BGT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       /* load low-bits before the branch, so we know the distance */  
+                       emit_bgt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_label_blt(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        s1 = emit_load_s1_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_BLT(2);
                        M_CMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BGT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IF_ICMPLE:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       M_BLE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_bgt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_LCMPLE:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
@@ -2212,24 +2008,13 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       M_BLT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       /* load low-bits before the branch, so we know the distance */
+                       emit_blt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_label_bgt(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        s1 = emit_load_s1_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_BGT(2);
                        M_CMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BLE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IF_ICMPGE:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       M_BGE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_ble(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_LCMPGE:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
@@ -2237,15 +2022,13 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2_high(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMP(s1, s2);
-                       M_BGT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       /* load low-bits before the branch, so we know the distance */
+                       emit_bgt(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_label_blt(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        s1 = emit_load_s1_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2_low(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       M_BLT(2);
                        M_CMPU(s1, s2);
-                       M_BGE(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_bge(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IRETURN:      /* ..., retvalue ==> ...                      */
@@ -2265,7 +2048,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
                                unresolved_class *uc = iptr->sx.s23.s2.uc;
 
-                               codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_class, uc, 0);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_class, uc, 0);
                        }
 #endif /* ENABLE_VERIFIER */
                        goto nowperformreturn;
@@ -2309,38 +2092,34 @@ nowperformreturn:
 
                                switch (iptr->opc) {
                                case ICMD_LRETURN:
-                                       M_IST(REG_RESULT2, REG_SP, rd->memuse * 4 + 8);
+                                       M_IST(REG_RESULT2, REG_SP, rd->memuse * 8 + 8);
                                        /* fall through */
                                case ICMD_IRETURN:
                                case ICMD_ARETURN:
-                                       M_IST(REG_RESULT , REG_SP, rd->memuse * 4 + 4);
+                                       M_IST(REG_RESULT , REG_SP, rd->memuse * 8 + 4);
                                        break;
                                case ICMD_FRETURN:
-                                       M_FST(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, rd->memuse * 4 + 4);
-                                       break;
                                case ICMD_DRETURN:
-                                       M_DST(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, rd->memuse * 4 + 4);
+                                       M_DST(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, rd->memuse * 8 + 4);
                                        break;
                                }
 
-                               M_ALD(REG_A0, REG_SP, rd->memuse * 4);
+                               M_ALD(REG_A0, REG_SP, rd->memuse * 8);
                                M_JSR;
 
                                /* and now restore the proper return value */
 
                                switch (iptr->opc) {
                                case ICMD_LRETURN:
-                                       M_ILD(REG_RESULT2, REG_SP, rd->memuse * 4 + 8);
+                                       M_ILD(REG_RESULT2, REG_SP, rd->memuse * 8 + 8);
                                        /* fall through */
                                case ICMD_IRETURN:
                                case ICMD_ARETURN:
-                                       M_ILD(REG_RESULT , REG_SP, rd->memuse * 4 + 4);
+                                       M_ILD(REG_RESULT , REG_SP, rd->memuse * 8 + 4);
                                        break;
                                case ICMD_FRETURN:
-                                       M_FLD(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, rd->memuse * 4 + 4);
-                                       break;
                                case ICMD_DRETURN:
-                                       M_DLD(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, rd->memuse * 4 + 4);
+                                       M_DLD(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, rd->memuse * 8 + 4);
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
@@ -2348,27 +2127,27 @@ nowperformreturn:
 
                        /* restore return address                                         */
 
-                       if (!jd->isleafmethod) {
+                       if (!code_is_leafmethod(code)) {
                                /* ATTENTION: Don't use REG_ZERO (r0) here, as M_ALD
                                   may have a displacement overflow. */
 
-                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, p * 4 + LA_LR_OFFSET);
+                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, p * 8 + LA_LR_OFFSET);
                                M_MTLR(REG_ITMP1);
                        }
 
                        /* restore saved registers                                        */
 
                        for (i = INT_SAV_CNT - 1; i >= rd->savintreguse; i--) {
-                               p--; M_ILD(rd->savintregs[i], REG_SP, p * 4);
+                               p--; M_ILD(rd->savintregs[i], REG_SP, p * 8);
                        }
                        for (i = FLT_SAV_CNT - 1; i >= rd->savfltreguse; i--) {
-                               p -= 2; M_DLD(rd->savfltregs[i], REG_SP, p * 4);
+                               p--; M_DLD(rd->savfltregs[i], REG_SP, p * 8);
                        }
 
                        /* deallocate stack                                               */
 
                        if (cd->stackframesize)
-                               M_LDA(REG_SP, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 4);
+                               M_LDA(REG_SP, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8);
 
                        M_RET;
                        ALIGNCODENOP;
@@ -2401,8 +2180,7 @@ nowperformreturn:
                        /* range check */
 
                        M_CMPUI(REG_ITMP1, i - 1);
-                       M_BGT(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, table[0].block);
+                       emit_bgt(cd, table[0].block);
 
                        /* build jump table top down and use address of lowest entry */
 
@@ -2446,14 +2224,11 @@ nowperformreturn:
                                        M_ILD(REG_ITMP2, REG_PV, disp);
                                        M_CMP(s1, REG_ITMP2);
                                }
-                               M_BEQ(0);
-                               codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, lookup->target.block); 
+                               emit_beq(cd, lookup->target.block);
                                lookup++;
                        }
 
-                       M_BR(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->sx.s23.s3.lookupdefault.block);
-
+                       emit_br(cd, iptr->sx.s23.s3.lookupdefault.block);
                        ALIGNCODENOP;
                        break;
                        }
@@ -2461,6 +2236,8 @@ nowperformreturn:
 
                case ICMD_BUILTIN:      /* ..., [arg1, [arg2 ...]] ==> ...            */
 
+                       REPLACEMENT_POINT_FORGC_BUILTIN(cd, iptr);
+
                        bte = iptr->sx.s23.s3.bte;
                        md  = bte->md;
                        goto gen_method;
@@ -2493,6 +2270,7 @@ gen_method:
 
                        for (s3 = s3 - 1; s3 >= 0; s3--) {
                                var = VAR(iptr->sx.s23.s2.args[s3]);
+                               d   = md->params[s3].regoff;
 
                                /* Already Preallocated? */
                                if (var->flags & PREALLOC)
@@ -2501,75 +2279,86 @@ gen_method:
                                if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(var->type)) {
                                        if (!md->params[s3].inmemory) {
                                                if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(var->type)) {
-                                                       s1 = PACK_REGS(
-                                                  rd->argintregs[GET_LOW_REG(md->params[s3].regoff)],
-                                                  rd->argintregs[GET_HIGH_REG(md->params[s3].regoff)]);
-                                                       d = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, s1);
-                                                       M_LNGMOVE(d, s1);
+                                                       s1 = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, d);
+                                                       M_LNGMOVE(s1, d);
                                                }
                                                else {
-                                                       s1 = rd->argintregs[md->params[s3].regoff];
-                                                       d = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, s1);
-                                                       M_INTMOVE(d, s1);
+                                                       s1 = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, d);
+                                                       M_INTMOVE(s1, d);
                                                }
                                        }
                                        else {
                                                if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(var->type)) {
-                                                       d = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, REG_ITMP12_PACKED);
-                                                       M_LST(d, REG_SP, md->params[s3].regoff * 4);
+                                                       s1 = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, REG_ITMP12_PACKED);
+                                                       M_LST(s1, REG_SP, d);
                                                }
                                                else {
-                                                       d = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, REG_ITMP1);
-                                                       M_IST(d, REG_SP, md->params[s3].regoff * 4);
+                                                       s1 = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, REG_ITMP1);
+                                                       M_IST(s1, REG_SP, d);
                                                }
                                        }
                                }
                                else {
                                        if (!md->params[s3].inmemory) {
-                                               s1 = rd->argfltregs[md->params[s3].regoff];
-                                               d = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, s1);
-                                               M_FLTMOVE(d, s1);
+                                               s1 = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, d);
+                                               M_FLTMOVE(s1, d);
                                        }
                                        else {
-                                               d = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, REG_FTMP1);
-                                               if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(var->type))
-                                                       M_DST(d, REG_SP, md->params[s3].regoff * 4);
-                                               else
-                                                       M_FST(d, REG_SP, md->params[s3].regoff * 4);
+                                               s1 = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, REG_FTMP1);
+                                               M_DST(s1, REG_SP, d);
                                        }
                                }
                        }
 
                        switch (iptr->opc) {
                        case ICMD_BUILTIN:
-                               disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, bte->fp);
+                               if (bte->stub == NULL)
+                                       disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, bte->fp);
+                               else
+                                       disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, bte->stub);
 
                                M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_PV, disp);  /* pointer to built-in-function */
+
+                               /* generate the actual call */
+
+                               M_MTCTR(REG_PV);
+                               M_JSR;
+                               REPLACEMENT_POINT_INVOKE_RETURN(cd, iptr);
+                               REPLACEMENT_POINT_FORGC_BUILTIN_RETURN(cd, iptr);
+                               disp = (s4) (cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
+                               M_MFLR(REG_ITMP1);
+                               M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_ITMP1, -disp);
                                break;
 
                        case ICMD_INVOKESPECIAL:
                                emit_nullpointer_check(cd, iptr, REG_A0);
-                               M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_A0, 0); /* hardware nullptr   */
-                               /* fall through */
+                               /* fall-through */
 
                        case ICMD_INVOKESTATIC:
                                if (lm == NULL) {
                                        disp = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, um);
 
-                                       codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_invokestatic_special,
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_invokestatic_special,
                                                                                um, disp);
                                }
                                else
                                        disp = dseg_add_address(cd, lm->stubroutine);
 
                                M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_PV, disp);
+
+                               /* generate the actual call */
+
+                               M_MTCTR(REG_PV);
+                               M_JSR;
+                               REPLACEMENT_POINT_INVOKE_RETURN(cd, iptr);
+                               disp = (s4) (cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
+                               M_MFLR(REG_ITMP1);
+                               M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_ITMP1, -disp);
                                break;
 
                        case ICMD_INVOKEVIRTUAL:
-                               emit_nullpointer_check(cd, iptr, REG_A0);
-
                                if (lm == NULL) {
-                                       codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_invokevirtual, um, 0);
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_invokevirtual, um, 0);
 
                                        s1 = 0;
                                }
@@ -2578,15 +2367,23 @@ gen_method:
                                                sizeof(methodptr) * lm->vftblindex;
                                }
 
-                               M_ALD(REG_METHODPTR, REG_A0, OFFSET(java_objectheader, vftbl));
+                               /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                               M_ALD(REG_METHODPTR, REG_A0, OFFSET(java_object_t, vftbl));
                                M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_METHODPTR, s1);
+
+                               /* generate the actual call */
+
+                               M_MTCTR(REG_PV);
+                               M_JSR;
+                               REPLACEMENT_POINT_INVOKE_RETURN(cd, iptr);
+                               disp = (s4) (cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
+                               M_MFLR(REG_ITMP1);
+                               M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_ITMP1, -disp);
                                break;
 
                        case ICMD_INVOKEINTERFACE:
-                               emit_nullpointer_check(cd, iptr, REG_A0);
-
                                if (lm == NULL) {
-                                       codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_invokeinterface, um, 0);
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_invokeinterface, um, 0);
 
                                        s1 = 0;
                                        s2 = 0;
@@ -2598,27 +2395,20 @@ gen_method:
                                        s2 = sizeof(methodptr) * (lm - lm->class->methods);
                                }
 
-                               M_ALD(REG_METHODPTR, REG_A0, OFFSET(java_objectheader, vftbl));
+                               /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                               M_ALD(REG_METHODPTR, REG_A0, OFFSET(java_object_t, vftbl));
                                M_ALD(REG_METHODPTR, REG_METHODPTR, s1);
                                M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_METHODPTR, s2);
-                               break;
-                       }
 
-                       /* generate the actual call */
+                               /* generate the actual call */
 
-                       M_MTCTR(REG_PV);
-                       M_JSR;
-                       REPLACEMENT_POINT_INVOKE_RETURN(cd, iptr);
-                       disp = (s4) (cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-                       M_MFLR(REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_ITMP1, -disp);
-                       
-                       /* actually only used for ICMD_BUILTIN */
-
-                       if (INSTRUCTION_MUST_CHECK(iptr)) {
-                               M_CMPI(REG_RESULT, 0);
-                               M_BEQ(0);
-                               codegen_add_fillinstacktrace_ref(cd);
+                               M_MTCTR(REG_PV);
+                               M_JSR;
+                               REPLACEMENT_POINT_INVOKE_RETURN(cd, iptr);
+                               disp = (s4) (cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
+                               M_MFLR(REG_ITMP1);
+                               M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_ITMP1, -disp);
+                               break;
                        }
 
                        /* store return value */
@@ -2646,20 +2436,6 @@ gen_method:
 
 
                case ICMD_CHECKCAST:  /* ..., objectref ==> ..., objectref            */
-                                     /* val.a: (classinfo*) superclass               */
-
-                       /*  superclass is an interface:
-                        *
-                        *  OK if ((sub == NULL) ||
-                        *         (sub->vftbl->interfacetablelength > super->index) &&
-                        *         (sub->vftbl->interfacetable[-super->index] != NULL));
-                        *
-                        *  superclass is a class:
-                        *
-                        *  OK if ((sub == NULL) || (0
-                        *         <= (sub->vftbl->baseval - super->vftbl->baseval) <=
-                        *         super->vftbl->diffvall));
-                        */
 
                        if (!(iptr->flags.bits & INS_FLAG_ARRAY)) {
                                /* object type cast-check */
@@ -2668,87 +2444,77 @@ gen_method:
                                s4         superindex;
 
                                if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
-                                       super = NULL;
+                                       super      = NULL;
                                        superindex = 0;
                                }
                                else {
-                                       super = iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.cls;
+                                       super      = iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.cls;
                                        superindex = super->index;
                                }
-                       
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-                               codegen_threadcritrestart(cd, cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-#endif
-
-                               s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-
-                               /* calculate interface checkcast code size */
 
-                               s2 = 7;
-                               if (super == NULL)
-                                       s2 += (opt_shownops ? 1 : 0);
+                               if ((super == NULL) || !(super->flags & ACC_INTERFACE))
+                                       CODEGEN_CRITICAL_SECTION_NEW;
 
-                               /* calculate class checkcast code size */
-
-                               s3 = 8 + (s1 == REG_ITMP1);
-                               if (super == NULL)
-                                       s3 += (opt_shownops ? 1 : 0);
+                               s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
 
                                /* if class is not resolved, check which code to call */
 
                                if (super == NULL) {
                                        M_TST(s1);
-                                       M_BEQ(3 + (opt_shownops ? 1 : 0) + s2 + 1 + s3);
+                                       emit_label_beq(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
 
                                        disp = dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);         /* super->flags */
 
-                                       codegen_addpatchref(cd,
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd,
                                                                                PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_flags,
                                                                                iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref,
                                                                                disp);
 
                                        M_ILD(REG_ITMP2, REG_PV, disp);
                                        M_AND_IMM(REG_ITMP2, ACC_INTERFACE, REG_ITMP2);
-                                       M_BEQ(s2 + 1);
+                                       emit_label_beq(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_2);
                                }
 
                                /* interface checkcast code */
 
                                if ((super == NULL) || (super->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
                                        if (super == NULL) {
-                                               codegen_addpatchref(cd,
-                                                                                       PATCHER_checkcast_instanceof_interface,
+                                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd,
+                                                                                       PATCHER_checkcast_interface,
                                                                                        iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref,
                                                                                        0);
                                        }
                                        else {
                                                M_TST(s1);
-                                               M_BEQ(s2);
+                                               emit_label_beq(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_3);
                                        }
 
-                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, s1, OFFSET(java_objectheader, vftbl));
+                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, s1, OFFSET(java_object_t, vftbl));
                                        M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, interfacetablelength));
                                        M_LDATST(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP3, -superindex);
-                                       M_BLE(0);
-                                       codegen_add_classcastexception_ref(cd, s1);
+                                       emit_classcast_check(cd, iptr, BRANCH_LE, REG_ITMP3, s1);
+
                                        M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2,
                                                  OFFSET(vftbl_t, interfacetable[0]) -
                                                  superindex * sizeof(methodptr*));
                                        M_TST(REG_ITMP3);
-                                       M_BEQ(0);
-                                       codegen_add_classcastexception_ref(cd, s1);
+                                       emit_classcast_check(cd, iptr, BRANCH_EQ, REG_ITMP3, s1);
 
                                        if (super == NULL)
-                                               M_BR(s3);
+                                               emit_label_br(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_4);
+                                       else
+                                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_3);
                                }
 
                                /* class checkcast code */
 
                                if ((super == NULL) || !(super->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
                                        if (super == NULL) {
+                                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_2);
+
                                                disp = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, NULL);
 
-                                               codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_vftbl,
+                                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_vftbl,
                                                                                        iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref,
                                                                                        disp);
                                        }
@@ -2756,35 +2522,43 @@ gen_method:
                                                disp = dseg_add_address(cd, super->vftbl);
 
                                                M_TST(s1);
-                                               M_BEQ(s3);
+                                               emit_label_beq(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_5);
                                        }
 
-                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, s1, OFFSET(java_objectheader, vftbl));
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-                                       codegen_threadcritstart(cd, cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-#endif
+                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, s1, OFFSET(java_object_t, vftbl));
+
+                                       CODEGEN_CRITICAL_SECTION_START;
+
                                        M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, baseval));
                                        M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, REG_PV, disp);
                                        if (s1 != REG_ITMP1) {
                                                M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, baseval));
                                                M_ILD(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, diffval));
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-                                               codegen_threadcritstop(cd, cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-#endif
+
+                                               CODEGEN_CRITICAL_SECTION_END;
+
                                                M_ISUB(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3);
-                                       } else {
+                                       }
+                                       else {
                                                M_ILD(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, baseval));
                                                M_ISUB(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3);
                                                M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, REG_PV, disp);
                                                M_ILD(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, diffval));
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-                                               codegen_threadcritstop(cd, cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-#endif
+
+                                               CODEGEN_CRITICAL_SECTION_END;
                                        }
                                        M_CMPU(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2);
-                                       M_BGT(0);
-                                       codegen_add_classcastexception_ref(cd, s1);
+                                       emit_classcast_check(cd, iptr, BRANCH_GT, REG_ITMP3, s1);
+
+                                       if (super != NULL)
+                                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_5);
+                               }
+
+                               if (super == NULL) {
+                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
+                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_4);
                                }
+
                                d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, s1);
                        }
                        else {
@@ -2796,7 +2570,7 @@ gen_method:
                                if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
                                        disp = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, NULL);
 
-                                       codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_classinfo,
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_classinfo,
                                                                                iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref,
                                                                                disp);
                                }
@@ -2809,8 +2583,7 @@ gen_method:
                                M_MTCTR(REG_ITMP2);
                                M_JSR;
                                M_TST(REG_RESULT);
-                               M_BEQ(0);
-                               codegen_add_classcastexception_ref(cd, s1);
+                               emit_classcast_check(cd, iptr, BRANCH_EQ, REG_RESULT, s1);
 
                                s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                                d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, s1);
@@ -2820,88 +2593,63 @@ gen_method:
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_INSTANCEOF: /* ..., objectref ==> ..., intresult            */
-                                     /* val.a: (classinfo*) superclass               */
-
-                       /*  superclass is an interface:
-                        *
-                        *  return (sub != NULL) &&
-                        *         (sub->vftbl->interfacetablelength > super->index) &&
-                        *         (sub->vftbl->interfacetable[-super->index] != NULL);
-                        *
-                        *  superclass is a class:
-                        *
-                        *  return ((sub != NULL) && (0
-                        *          <= (sub->vftbl->baseval - super->vftbl->baseval) <=
-                        *          super->vftbl->diffvall));
-                        */
 
                        {
                        classinfo *super;
                        s4         superindex;
 
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
-                               super = NULL;
+                               super      = NULL;
                                superindex = 0;
                        }
                        else {
-                               super = iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.cls;
+                               super      = iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.cls;
                                superindex = super->index;
                        }
                        
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-            codegen_threadcritrestart(cd, cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-#endif
+                       if ((super == NULL) || !(super->flags & ACC_INTERFACE))
+                               CODEGEN_CRITICAL_SECTION_NEW;
+
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
+
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        if (s1 == d) {
                                M_MOV(s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                s1 = REG_ITMP1;
                        }
 
-                       /* calculate interface instanceof code size */
-
-                       s2 = 8;
-                       if (super == NULL)
-                               s2 += (opt_shownops ? 1 : 0);
-
-                       /* calculate class instanceof code size */
-
-                       s3 = 10;
-                       if (super == NULL)
-                               s3 += (opt_shownops ? 1 : 0);
-
                        M_CLR(d);
 
                        /* if class is not resolved, check which code to call */
 
                        if (super == NULL) {
                                M_TST(s1);
-                               M_BEQ(3 + (opt_shownops ? 1 : 0) + s2 + 1 + s3);
+                               emit_label_beq(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
 
                                disp = dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);             /* super->flags */
 
-                               codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_flags,
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_flags,
                                                                        iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref, disp);
 
                                M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);
                                M_AND_IMM(REG_ITMP3, ACC_INTERFACE, REG_ITMP3);
-                               M_BEQ(s2 + 1);
+                               emit_label_beq(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_2);
                        }
 
                        /* interface instanceof code */
 
                        if ((super == NULL) || (super->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
                                if (super == NULL) {
-                                       codegen_addpatchref(cd,
-                                                                               PATCHER_checkcast_instanceof_interface,
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd,
+                                                                               PATCHER_instanceof_interface,
                                                                                iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref, 0);
                                }
                                else {
                                        M_TST(s1);
-                                       M_BEQ(s2);
+                                       emit_label_beq(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_3);
                                }
 
-                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, s1, OFFSET(java_objectheader, vftbl));
+                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, s1, OFFSET(java_object_t, vftbl));
                                M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(vftbl_t, interfacetablelength));
                                M_LDATST(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP3, -superindex);
                                M_BLE(4);
@@ -2913,16 +2661,20 @@ gen_method:
                                M_IADD_IMM(REG_ZERO, 1, d);
 
                                if (super == NULL)
-                                       M_BR(s3);
+                                       emit_label_br(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_4);
+                               else
+                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_3);
                        }
 
                        /* class instanceof code */
 
                        if ((super == NULL) || !(super->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
                                if (super == NULL) {
+                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_2);
+
                                        disp = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, NULL);
 
-                                       codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_vftbl,
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_vftbl,
                                                                                iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref,
                                                                                disp);
                                }
@@ -2930,26 +2682,35 @@ gen_method:
                                        disp = dseg_add_address(cd, super->vftbl);
 
                                        M_TST(s1);
-                                       M_BEQ(s3);
+                                       emit_label_beq(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_5);
                                }
 
-                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, s1, OFFSET(java_objectheader, vftbl));
+                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, s1, OFFSET(java_object_t, vftbl));
                                M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, REG_PV, disp);
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-                               codegen_threadcritstart(cd, cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-#endif
+
+                               CODEGEN_CRITICAL_SECTION_START;
+
                                M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(vftbl_t, baseval));
                                M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, baseval));
                                M_ILD(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, diffval));
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-                               codegen_threadcritstop(cd, cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-#endif
+
+                               CODEGEN_CRITICAL_SECTION_END;
+
                                M_ISUB(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP1);
                                M_CMPU(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2);
                                M_CLR(d);
                                M_BGT(1);
                                M_IADD_IMM(REG_ZERO, 1, d);
+
+                               if (super != NULL)
+                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_5);
+                       }
+
+                       if (super == NULL) {
+                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
+                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_4);
                        }
+
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        }
                        break;
@@ -2985,7 +2746,7 @@ gen_method:
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
                                disp = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, NULL);
 
-                               codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_classinfo,
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_classinfo,
                                                                        iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref, disp);
                        }
                        else
@@ -3010,9 +2771,7 @@ gen_method:
 
                        /* check for exception before result assignment */
 
-                       M_CMPI(REG_RESULT, 0);
-                       M_BEQ(0);
-                       codegen_add_fillinstacktrace_ref(cd);
+                       emit_exception_check(cd, iptr);
 
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_RESULT);
                        M_INTMOVE(REG_RESULT, d);
@@ -3032,13 +2791,9 @@ gen_method:
 
        dseg_createlinenumbertable(cd);
 
-       /* generate stubs */
-
-       emit_exception_stubs(jd);
-       emit_patcher_stubs(jd);
-       REPLACEMENT_EMIT_STUBS(jd);
+       /* generate traps */
 
-       codegen_finish(jd);
+       emit_patcher_traps(jd);
 
        /* everything's ok */
 
@@ -3046,114 +2801,50 @@ gen_method:
 }
 
 
-/* createcompilerstub **********************************************************
-
-   Creates a stub routine which calls the compiler.
-       
-*******************************************************************************/
-
-#define COMPILERSTUB_DATASIZE    3 * SIZEOF_VOID_P
-#define COMPILERSTUB_CODESIZE    4 * 4
-
-#define COMPILERSTUB_SIZE        COMPILERSTUB_DATASIZE + COMPILERSTUB_CODESIZE
-
-
-u1 *createcompilerstub(methodinfo *m)
-{
-       u1          *s;                     /* memory to hold the stub            */
-       ptrint      *d;
-       codegendata *cd;
-       s4           dumpsize;
+/* codegen_emit_stub_native ****************************************************
 
-       s = CNEW(u1, COMPILERSTUB_SIZE);
-
-       /* set data pointer and code pointer */
-
-       d = (ptrint *) s;
-       s = s + COMPILERSTUB_DATASIZE;
-
-       /* mark start of dump memory area */
-
-       dumpsize = dump_size();
-
-       cd = DNEW(codegendata);
-       cd->mcodeptr = s;
-
-       /* The codeinfo pointer is actually a pointer to the
-          methodinfo. This fakes a codeinfo structure. */
-
-       d[0] = (ptrint) asm_call_jit_compiler;
-       d[1] = (ptrint) m;
-       d[2] = (ptrint) &d[1];                                    /* fake code->m */
-
-       M_ALD_INTERN(REG_ITMP1, REG_PV, -2 * SIZEOF_VOID_P);
-       M_ALD_INTERN(REG_PV, REG_PV, -3 * SIZEOF_VOID_P);
-       M_MTCTR(REG_PV);
-       M_RTS;
-
-       md_cacheflush((u1 *) d, COMPILERSTUB_SIZE);
-
-#if defined(ENABLE_STATISTICS)
-       if (opt_stat)
-               count_cstub_len += COMPILERSTUB_SIZE;
-#endif
-
-       /* release dump area */
-
-       dump_release(dumpsize);
-
-       return s;
-}
-
-
-/* createnativestub ************************************************************
-
-   Creates a stub routine which calls a native method.
+   Emits a stub routine which calls a native method.
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-u1 *createnativestub(functionptr f, jitdata *jd, methoddesc *nmd)
+void codegen_emit_stub_native(jitdata *jd, methoddesc *nmd, functionptr f, int skipparams)
 {
-       methodinfo   *m;
-       codeinfo     *code;
-       codegendata  *cd;
-       registerdata *rd;
-       methoddesc   *md;
-       s4            nativeparams;
-       s4            i, j;                 /* count variables                    */
-       s4            t;
-       s4            s1, s2, disp;
-       s4            funcdisp;
+       methodinfo  *m;
+       codeinfo    *code;
+       codegendata *cd;
+       methoddesc  *md;
+       s4           i, j;                 /* count variables                    */
+       s4           t;
+       s4           s1, s2;
+       int          disp;
 
        /* get required compiler data */
 
        m    = jd->m;
        code = jd->code;
        cd   = jd->cd;
-       rd   = jd->rd;
 
        /* set some variables */
 
        md = m->parseddesc;
-       nativeparams = (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) ? 2 : 1;
 
        /* calculate stackframe size */
 
        cd->stackframesize =
                sizeof(stackframeinfo) / SIZEOF_VOID_P +
                sizeof(localref_table) / SIZEOF_VOID_P +
-               4 +                             /* 4 stackframeinfo arguments (darwin)*/
-               nmd->paramcount * 2 +           /* assume all arguments are doubles   */
+               4 +                            /* 4 stackframeinfo arguments (darwin) */
+               nmd->paramcount +
                nmd->memuse;
 
        /* keep stack 16-byte aligned */
 
-       cd->stackframesize = (cd->stackframesize + 3) & ~3;
+       ALIGN_2(cd->stackframesize);
 
        /* create method header */
 
        (void) dseg_add_unique_address(cd, code);              /* CodeinfoPointer */
-       (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, cd->stackframesize * 4); /* FrameSize       */
+       (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, cd->stackframesize * 8); /* FrameSize       */
        (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);                      /* IsSync          */
        (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);                      /* IsLeaf          */
        (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);                      /* IntSave         */
@@ -3165,204 +2856,174 @@ u1 *createnativestub(functionptr f, jitdata *jd, methoddesc *nmd)
 
        M_MFLR(REG_ZERO);
        M_AST_INTERN(REG_ZERO, REG_SP, LA_LR_OFFSET);
-       M_STWU(REG_SP, REG_SP, -(cd->stackframesize * 4));
+       M_STWU(REG_SP, REG_SP, -(cd->stackframesize * 8));
 
-       /* get function address (this must happen before the stackframeinfo) */
+#if defined(ENABLE_GC_CACAO)
+       /* Save callee saved integer registers in stackframeinfo (GC may
+          need to recover them during a collection). */
 
-       funcdisp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, f);
+       disp = cd->stackframesize * 8 - sizeof(stackframeinfo) +
+               OFFSET(stackframeinfo, intregs);
 
-#if !defined(WITH_STATIC_CLASSPATH)
-       if (f == NULL)
-               codegen_addpatchref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_native_function, m, funcdisp);
+       for (i = 0; i < INT_SAV_CNT; i++)
+               M_AST(abi_registers_integer_saved[i], REG_SP, disp + i * 4);
 #endif
 
-       /* emit trace code */
-
-       emit_verbosecall_enter(jd);
-
        /* save integer and float argument registers */
 
-       j = 0;
-
        for (i = 0; i < md->paramcount; i++) {
-               t = md->paramtypes[i].type;
-
-               if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(t)) {
-                       if (!md->params[i].inmemory) {
-                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff;
-                               if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t)) {
-                                       M_IST(rd->argintregs[GET_HIGH_REG(s1)], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4 * 4 + j * 4);
-                                       j++;
-                                       M_IST(rd->argintregs[GET_LOW_REG(s1)], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4 * 4 + j * 4);
-                               } else {
-                                       M_IST(rd->argintregs[s1], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4 * 4 + j * 4);
-                               }
-                               j++;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
+               if (!md->params[i].inmemory) {
+                       s1 = md->params[i].regoff;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < md->paramcount; i++) {
-               if (IS_FLT_DBL_TYPE(md->paramtypes[i].type)) {
-                       if (!md->params[i].inmemory) {
-                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff;
-                               M_DST(rd->argfltregs[s1], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4 * 4 + j * 8);
-                               j++;
+                       switch (md->paramtypes[i].type) {
+                       case TYPE_INT:
+                       case TYPE_ADR:
+                               M_IST(s1, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4*4 + i * 8);
+                               break;
+                       case TYPE_LNG:
+                               M_LST(s1, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4*4 + i * 8);
+                               break;
+                       case TYPE_FLT:
+                       case TYPE_DBL:
+                               M_DST(s1, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4*4 + i * 8);
+                               break;
                        }
                }
        }
 
        /* create native stack info */
 
-       M_AADD_IMM(REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 4, REG_A0);
+       M_MOV(REG_SP, REG_A0);
        M_MOV(REG_PV, REG_A1);
-       M_AADD_IMM(REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 4, REG_A2);
-       M_ALD(REG_A3, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 4 + LA_LR_OFFSET);
        disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, codegen_start_native_call);
        M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, REG_PV, disp);
        M_MTCTR(REG_ITMP1);
        M_JSR;
 
-       /* restore integer and float argument registers */
+       /* remember class argument */
 
-       j = 0;
+       if (m->flags & ACC_STATIC)
+               M_MOV(REG_RESULT, REG_ITMP3);
 
-       for (i = 0; i < md->paramcount; i++) {
-               t = md->paramtypes[i].type;
+       /* restore integer and float argument registers */
 
-               if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(t)) {
-                       if (!md->params[i].inmemory) {
-                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff;
+       for (i = 0; i < md->paramcount; i++) {
+               if (!md->params[i].inmemory) {
+                       s1 = md->params[i].regoff;
 
-                               if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t)) {
-                                       M_ILD(rd->argintregs[GET_HIGH_REG(s1)], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4 * 4 + j * 4);
-                                       j++;
-                                       M_ILD(rd->argintregs[GET_LOW_REG(s1)], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4 * 4 + j * 4);
-                               } else {
-                                       M_ILD(rd->argintregs[s1], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4 * 4 + j * 4);
-                               }
-                               j++;
+                       switch (md->paramtypes[i].type) {
+                       case TYPE_INT:
+                       case TYPE_ADR:
+                               M_ILD(s1, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4*4 + i * 8);
+                               break;
+                       case TYPE_LNG:
+                               M_LLD(s1, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4*4 + i * 8);
+                               break;
+                       case TYPE_FLT:
+                       case TYPE_DBL:
+                               M_DLD(s1, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4*4 + i * 8);
+                               break;
                        }
                }
        }
 
-       for (i = 0; i < md->paramcount; i++) {
-               if (IS_FLT_DBL_TYPE(md->paramtypes[i].type)) {
-                       if (!md->params[i].inmemory) {
-                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff;
-                               M_DLD(rd->argfltregs[s1], REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 4 * 4 + j * 8);
-                               j++;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       
        /* copy or spill arguments to new locations */
 
-       for (i = md->paramcount - 1, j = i + nativeparams; i >= 0; i--, j--) {
+       for (i = md->paramcount - 1, j = i + skipparams; i >= 0; i--, j--) {
                t = md->paramtypes[i].type;
 
                if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(t)) {
                        if (!md->params[i].inmemory) {
-                               if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
-                                       s1 = PACK_REGS(
-                                               rd->argintregs[GET_LOW_REG(md->params[i].regoff)],
-                                           rd->argintregs[GET_HIGH_REG(md->params[i].regoff)]);
-                               else
-                                       s1 = rd->argintregs[md->params[i].regoff];
+                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff;
+                               s2 = nmd->params[j].regoff;
 
                                if (!nmd->params[j].inmemory) {
-                                       if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t)) {
-                                               s2 = PACK_REGS(
-                                                  rd->argintregs[GET_LOW_REG(nmd->params[j].regoff)],
-                                                  rd->argintregs[GET_HIGH_REG(nmd->params[j].regoff)]);
+                                       if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
                                                M_LNGMOVE(s1, s2);
-                                       } else {
-                                               s2 = rd->argintregs[nmd->params[j].regoff];
+                                       else
                                                M_INTMOVE(s1, s2);
-                                       }
-
-                               } else {
-                                       s2 = nmd->params[j].regoff;
+                               }
+                               else {
                                        if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
-                                               M_LST(s1, REG_SP, s2 * 4);
+                                               M_LST(s1, REG_SP, s2);
                                        else
-                                               M_IST(s1, REG_SP, s2 * 4);
+                                               M_IST(s1, REG_SP, s2);
                                }
-
-                       else {
-                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff + cd->stackframesize;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff + cd->stackframesize * 8;
                                s2 = nmd->params[j].regoff;
 
-                               M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, s1 * 4);
+                               M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, s1);
                                if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
-                                       M_ILD(REG_ITMP2, REG_SP, s1 * 4 + 4);
+                                       M_ILD(REG_ITMP2, REG_SP, s1 + 4);
 
-                               M_IST(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, s2 * 4);
+                               M_IST(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, s2);
                                if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
-                                       M_IST(REG_ITMP2, REG_SP, s2 * 4 + 4);
+                                       M_IST(REG_ITMP2, REG_SP, s2 + 4);
                        }
-
-               else {
+               }
+               else {
                        /* We only copy spilled float arguments, as the float
                           argument registers keep unchanged. */
 
                        if (md->params[i].inmemory) {
-                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff + cd->stackframesize;
+                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff + cd->stackframesize * 8;
                                s2 = nmd->params[j].regoff;
 
-                               if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t)) {
-                                       M_DLD(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, s1 * 4);
-                                       M_DST(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, s2 * 4);
+                               M_DLD(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, s1);
 
-                               } else {
-                                       M_FLD(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, s1 * 4);
-                                       M_FST(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, s2 * 4);
-                               }
+                               if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
+                                       M_DST(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, s2);
+                               else
+                                       M_FST(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, s2);
                        }
                }
        }
 
-       /* put class into second argument register */
+       /* Handle native Java methods. */
 
-       if (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) {
-               disp = dseg_add_address(cd, m->class);
-               M_ALD(REG_A1, REG_PV, disp);
-       }
+       if (m->flags & ACC_NATIVE) {
+               /* put class into second argument register */
+
+               if (m->flags & ACC_STATIC)
+                       M_MOV(REG_ITMP3, REG_A1);
 
-       /* put env into first argument register */
+               /* put env into first argument register */
 
-       disp = dseg_add_address(cd, _Jv_env);
-       M_ALD(REG_A0, REG_PV, disp);
+               disp = dseg_add_address(cd, _Jv_env);
+               M_ALD(REG_A0, REG_PV, disp);
+       }
 
-       /* generate the actual native call */
+       /* Call the native function. */
 
-       M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, funcdisp);
+       disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, f);
+       M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);
        M_MTCTR(REG_ITMP3);
        M_JSR;
 
-       /* print call trace */
-
-       emit_verbosecall_exit(jd);
-
        /* save return value */
 
-       if (md->returntype.type != TYPE_VOID) {
-               if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(md->returntype.type)) {
-                       if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(md->returntype.type))
-                               M_IST(REG_RESULT2, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 2 * 4);
-                       M_IST(REG_RESULT, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 1 * 4);
-               }
-               else {
-                       if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(md->returntype.type))
-                               M_DST(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 1 * 4);
-                       else
-                               M_FST(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 1 * 4);
-               }
+       switch (md->returntype.type) {
+       case TYPE_INT:
+       case TYPE_ADR:
+               M_IST(REG_RESULT, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 2 * 4);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_LNG:
+               M_LST(REG_RESULT_PACKED, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 2 * 4);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_FLT:
+       case TYPE_DBL:
+               M_DST(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 2 * 4);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_VOID:
+               break;
        }
 
        /* remove native stackframe info */
 
-       M_AADD_IMM(REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 4, REG_A0);
+       M_MOV(REG_SP, REG_A0);
+       M_MOV(REG_PV, REG_A1);
        disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, codegen_finish_native_call);
        M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, REG_PV, disp);
        M_MTCTR(REG_ITMP1);
@@ -3371,23 +3032,36 @@ u1 *createnativestub(functionptr f, jitdata *jd, methoddesc *nmd)
 
        /* restore return value */
 
-       if (md->returntype.type != TYPE_VOID) {
-               if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(md->returntype.type)) {
-                       if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(md->returntype.type))
-                               M_ILD(REG_RESULT2, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 2 * 4);
-                       M_ILD(REG_RESULT, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 1 * 4);
-               }
-               else {
-                       if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(md->returntype.type))
-                               M_DLD(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 1 * 4);
-                       else
-                               M_FLD(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 1 * 4);
-               }
+       switch (md->returntype.type) {
+       case TYPE_INT:
+       case TYPE_ADR:
+               M_ILD(REG_RESULT, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 2 * 4);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_LNG:
+               M_LLD(REG_RESULT_PACKED, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 2 * 4);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_FLT:
+       case TYPE_DBL:
+               M_DLD(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, LA_SIZE + 2 * 4);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_VOID:
+               break;
        }
 
-       M_ALD(REG_ITMP2_XPC, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 4 + LA_LR_OFFSET);
+#if defined(ENABLE_GC_CACAO)
+       /* Restore callee saved integer registers from stackframeinfo (GC
+          might have modified them during a collection). */
+        
+       disp = cd->stackframesize * 8 - sizeof(stackframeinfo) +
+               OFFSET(stackframeinfo, intregs);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < INT_SAV_CNT; i++)
+               M_ALD(abi_registers_integer_saved[i], REG_SP, disp + i * 4);
+#endif
+
+       M_ALD(REG_ITMP2_XPC, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8 + LA_LR_OFFSET);
        M_MTLR(REG_ITMP2_XPC);
-       M_LDA(REG_SP, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 4); /* remove stackframe       */
+       M_LDA(REG_SP, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8); /* remove stackframe       */
 
        /* check for exception */
 
@@ -3404,14 +3078,6 @@ u1 *createnativestub(functionptr f, jitdata *jd, methoddesc *nmd)
        M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);
        M_MTCTR(REG_ITMP3);
        M_RTS;
-
-       /* generate patcher stubs */
-
-       emit_patcher_stubs(jd);
-
-       codegen_finish(jd);
-
-       return code->entrypoint;
 }