Merged trunk and subtype.
[cacao.git] / src / vm / jit / alpha / codegen.c
index d15ef45f1a0a6633798c0f1f2e3e30025d14d8a5..e52bb2c97d91664324b3c689917e4b3f0cdd3a63 100644 (file)
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 /* src/vm/jit/alpha/codegen.c - machine code generator for Alpha
 
-   Copyright (C) 1996-2005, 2006 R. Grafl, A. Krall, C. Kruegel,
-   C. Oates, R. Obermaisser, M. Platter, M. Probst, S. Ring,
-   E. Steiner, C. Thalinger, D. Thuernbeck, P. Tomsich, C. Ullrich,
-   J. Wenninger, Institut f. Computersprachen - TU Wien
+   Copyright (C) 1996-2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+   CACAOVM - Verein zur Foerderung der freien virtuellen Maschine CACAO
 
    This file is part of CACAO.
 
    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
    02110-1301, USA.
 
-   Contact: cacao@cacaojvm.org
-
-   Authors: Andreas Krall
-            Reinhard Grafl
-            Joseph Wenninger
-            Christian Thalinger
-            Christian Ullrich
-            Edwin Steiner
-
-   $Id: codegen.c 6165 2006-12-10 22:07:02Z twisti $
-
 */
 
 
 #include "vm/jit/alpha/arch.h"
 #include "vm/jit/alpha/codegen.h"
 
-#include "native/jni.h"
+#include "mm/memory.h"
+
+#include "native/localref.h"
 #include "native/native.h"
 
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-# include "threads/native/lock.h"
-#endif
+#include "threads/lock-common.h"
 
-#include "vm/builtin.h"
-#include "vm/exceptions.h"
+#include "vm/jit/builtin.hpp"
+#include "vm/exceptions.hpp"
 #include "vm/global.h"
-#include "vm/loader.h"
+#include "vm/loader.hpp"
 #include "vm/options.h"
-#include "vm/stringlocal.h"
-#include "vm/vm.h"
+#include "vm/vm.hpp"
+
+#include "vm/jit/abi.h"
 #include "vm/jit/asmpart.h"
-#include "vm/jit/codegen-common.h"
+#include "vm/jit/codegen-common.hpp"
 #include "vm/jit/dseg.h"
-#include "vm/jit/emit-common.h"
-#include "vm/jit/jit.h"
+#include "vm/jit/emit-common.hpp"
+#include "vm/jit/jit.hpp"
+#include "vm/jit/linenumbertable.h"
 #include "vm/jit/parse.h"
-#include "vm/jit/patcher.h"
+#include "vm/jit/patcher-common.hpp"
 #include "vm/jit/reg.h"
-#include "vm/jit/replace.h"
-
-#if defined(ENABLE_LSRA)
+#include "vm/jit/replace.hpp"
+#include "vm/jit/stacktrace.hpp"
+#include "vm/jit/trap.h"
+
+#if defined(ENABLE_SSA)
+# include "vm/jit/optimizing/lsra.h"
+# include "vm/jit/optimizing/ssa.h"
+#elif defined(ENABLE_LSRA)
 # include "vm/jit/allocator/lsra.h"
 #endif
 
 
-/* codegen *********************************************************************
+/* codegen_emit ****************************************************************
 
    Generates machine code.
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
+bool codegen_emit(jitdata *jd)
 {
        methodinfo         *m;
        codeinfo           *code;
@@ -94,7 +88,6 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
        varinfo            *var;
        basicblock         *bptr;
        instruction        *iptr;
-       exception_entry    *ex;
        u2                  currentline;
        methodinfo         *lm;             /* local methodinfo for ICMD_INVOKE*  */
        unresolved_method  *um;
@@ -125,7 +118,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
        s4 i, p, t, l;
        s4 savedregs_num;
 
-       savedregs_num = (jd->isleafmethod) ? 0 : 1;       /* space to save the RA */
+       savedregs_num = code_is_leafmethod(code) ? 0 : 1; /* space to save the RA */
 
        /* space to save used callee saved registers */
 
@@ -135,7 +128,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
        cd->stackframesize = rd->memuse + savedregs_num;
 
 #if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)        /* space to save argument of monitor_enter */
-       if (checksync && (m->flags & ACC_SYNCHRONIZED))
+       if (checksync && code_is_synchronized(code))
                cd->stackframesize++;
 #endif
 
@@ -148,36 +141,18 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
        (void) dseg_add_unique_address(cd, code);              /* CodeinfoPointer */
        (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, cd->stackframesize * 8); /* FrameSize       */
 
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-       /* IsSync contains the offset relative to the stack pointer for the
-          argument of monitor_exit used in the exception handler. Since the
-          offset could be zero and give a wrong meaning of the flag it is
-          offset by one.
-       */
-
-       if (checksync && (m->flags & ACC_SYNCHRONIZED))
-               (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, (rd->memuse + 1) * 8);       /* IsSync  */
+       code->synchronizedoffset = rd->memuse * 8;
+
+       /* REMOVEME: We still need it for exception handling in assembler. */
+
+       if (code_is_leafmethod(code))
+               (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 1);
        else
-#endif
-               (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);                          /* IsSync  */
+               (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);
 
-       (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, jd->isleafmethod);               /* IsLeaf  */
        (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, INT_SAV_CNT - rd->savintreguse); /* IntSave */
        (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, FLT_SAV_CNT - rd->savfltreguse); /* FltSave */
 
-       dseg_addlinenumbertablesize(cd);
-
-       (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, jd->exceptiontablelength);   /* ExTableSize */
-
-       /* create exception table */
-
-       for (ex = jd->exceptiontable; ex != NULL; ex = ex->down) {
-               dseg_add_target(cd, ex->start);
-               dseg_add_target(cd, ex->end);
-               dseg_add_target(cd, ex->handler);
-               (void) dseg_add_unique_address(cd, ex->catchtype.any);
-       }
-       
        /* create stack frame (if necessary) */
 
        if (cd->stackframesize)
@@ -186,7 +161,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
        /* save return address and used callee saved registers */
 
        p = cd->stackframesize;
-       if (!jd->isleafmethod) {
+       if (!code_is_leafmethod(code)) {
                p--; M_AST(REG_RA, REG_SP, p * 8);
        }
        for (i = INT_SAV_CNT - 1; i >= rd->savintreguse; i--) {
@@ -218,48 +193,38 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(t)) {                    /* integer args          */
                        if (!md->params[p].inmemory) {           /* register arguments    */
-                               s2 = rd->argintregs[s1];
-                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags)) {      /* reg arg -> register   */
-                                       M_INTMOVE(s2, var->vv.regoff);
-
-                               } else {                             /* reg arg -> spilled    */
-                                       M_LST(s2, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff * 8);
-                               }
-
-                       } else {                                 /* stack arguments       */
-                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags)) {      /* stack arg -> register */
-                                       M_LLD(var->vv.regoff, REG_SP, (cd->stackframesize + s1) *8);
-
-                               } else {                             /* stack arg -> spilled  */
-                                       var->vv.regoff = cd->stackframesize + s1;
-                               }
+                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags))
+                                       M_INTMOVE(s1, var->vv.regoff);
+                               else
+                                       M_LST(s1, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff);
                        }
-
-               } else {                                     /* floating args         */
+                       else {                                   /* stack arguments       */
+                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags))
+                                       M_LLD(var->vv.regoff, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8 + s1);
+                               else
+                                       var->vv.regoff = cd->stackframesize * 8 + s1;
+                       }
+               }
+               else {                                       /* floating args         */
                        if (!md->params[p].inmemory) {           /* register arguments    */
-                               s2 = rd->argfltregs[s1];
-                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags)) {      /* reg arg -> register   */
-                                       M_FLTMOVE(s2, var->vv.regoff);
-
-                               } else {                                         /* reg arg -> spilled    */
-                                       M_DST(s2, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff * 8);
-                               }
-
-                       } else {                                 /* stack arguments       */
-                               if (!(var->flags & INMEMORY)) {      /* stack-arg -> register */
-                                       M_DLD(var->vv.regoff, REG_SP, (cd->stackframesize + s1) * 8);
-
-                               } else {                             /* stack-arg -> spilled  */
-                                       var->vv.regoff = cd->stackframesize + s1;
-                               }
+                               if (!IS_INMEMORY(var->flags))
+                                       M_FLTMOVE(s1, var->vv.regoff);
+                               else
+                                       M_DST(s1, REG_SP, var->vv.regoff * 8);
+                       }
+                       else {                                   /* stack arguments       */
+                               if (!(var->flags & INMEMORY))
+                                       M_DLD(var->vv.regoff, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8 + s1);
+                               else
+                                       var->vv.regoff = cd->stackframesize * 8 + s1;
                        }
                }
-       } /* end for */
+       }
 
        /* call monitorenter function */
 
 #if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-       if (checksync && (m->flags & ACC_SYNCHRONIZED)) {
+       if (checksync && code_is_synchronized(code)) {
                /* stack offset for monitor argument */
 
                s1 = rd->memuse;
@@ -269,10 +234,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        M_LDA(REG_SP, REG_SP, -(INT_ARG_CNT + FLT_ARG_CNT) * 8);
 
                        for (p = 0; p < INT_ARG_CNT; p++)
-                               M_LST(rd->argintregs[p], REG_SP, p * 8);
+                               M_LST(abi_registers_integer_argument[p], REG_SP, p * 8);
 
                        for (p = 0; p < FLT_ARG_CNT; p++)
-                               M_DST(rd->argfltregs[p], REG_SP, (INT_ARG_CNT + p) * 8);
+                               M_DST(abi_registers_float_argument[p], REG_SP, (INT_ARG_CNT + p) * 8);
 
                        s1 += INT_ARG_CNT + FLT_ARG_CNT;
                }
@@ -281,12 +246,12 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                /* decide which monitor enter function to call */
 
                if (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) {
-                       disp = dseg_add_address(cd, &m->class->object.header);
+                       disp = dseg_add_address(cd, &m->clazz->object.header);
                        M_ALD(REG_A0, REG_PV, disp);
                }
                else {
-                       M_BEQZ(REG_A0, 0);
-                       codegen_add_nullpointerexception_ref(cd);
+                       M_BNEZ(REG_A0, 1);
+                       M_ALD_INTERN(REG_ZERO, REG_ZERO, TRAP_NullPointerException);
                }
 
                M_AST(REG_A0, REG_SP, s1 * 8);
@@ -299,10 +264,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 #if !defined(NDEBUG)
                if (opt_verbosecall) {
                        for (p = 0; p < INT_ARG_CNT; p++)
-                               M_LLD(rd->argintregs[p], REG_SP, p * 8);
+                               M_LLD(abi_registers_integer_argument[p], REG_SP, p * 8);
 
                        for (p = 0; p < FLT_ARG_CNT; p++)
-                               M_DLD(rd->argfltregs[p], REG_SP, (INT_ARG_CNT + p) * 8);
+                               M_DLD(abi_registers_float_argument[p], REG_SP, (INT_ARG_CNT + p) * 8);
 
                        M_LDA(REG_SP, REG_SP, (INT_ARG_CNT + FLT_ARG_CNT) * 8);
                }
@@ -384,7 +349,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                for (iptr = bptr->iinstr; len > 0; len--, iptr++) {
                        if (iptr->line != currentline) {
-                               dseg_addlinenumber(cd, iptr->line);
+                               linenumbertable_list_entry_add(cd, iptr->line);
                                currentline = iptr->line;
                        }
 
@@ -404,14 +369,14 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_INLINE_BODY:
 
                        REPLACEMENT_POINT_INLINE_BODY(cd, iptr);
-                       dseg_addlinenumber_inline_start(cd, iptr);
-                       dseg_addlinenumber(cd, iptr->line);
+                       linenumbertable_list_entry_add_inline_start(cd, iptr);
+                       linenumbertable_list_entry_add(cd, iptr->line);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_INLINE_END:
 
-                       dseg_addlinenumber_inline_end(cd, iptr);
-                       dseg_addlinenumber(cd, iptr->line);
+                       linenumbertable_list_entry_add_inline_end(cd, iptr);
+                       linenumbertable_list_entry_add(cd, iptr->line);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_CHECKNULL:  /* ..., objectref  ==> ..., objectref           */
@@ -466,7 +431,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                   resolved the same class, the returned displacement
                                   of dseg_add_address is ok to use. */
 
-                               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_classinfo,
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_classinfo,
                                                                          cr, disp);
 
                                M_ALD(d, REG_PV, disp);
@@ -497,13 +462,13 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_COPY:
                case ICMD_MOVE:
 
-                       emit_copy(jd, iptr, VAROP(iptr->s1), VAROP(iptr->dst));
+                       emit_copy(jd, iptr);
                        break;
        
                case ICMD_ASTORE:
 
                        if (!(iptr->flags.bits & INS_FLAG_RETADDR))
-                               emit_copy(jd, iptr, VAROP(iptr->s1), VAROP(iptr->dst));
+                               emit_copy(jd, iptr);
                        break;
 
 
@@ -721,14 +686,13 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_IDIV:       /* ..., val1, val2  ==> ..., val1 / val2        */
                case ICMD_IREM:       /* ..., val1, val2  ==> ..., val1 % val2        */
 
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
+                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_A0);
+                       s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_A1);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_RESULT);
-                       M_BEQZ(s2, 0);
-                       codegen_add_arithmeticexception_ref(cd);
+                       emit_arithmetic_check(cd, iptr, s2);
 
-                       M_MOV(s1, REG_A0);
-                       M_MOV(s2, REG_A1);
+                       M_INTMOVE(s1, REG_A0);
+                       M_INTMOVE(s2, REG_A1);
                        bte = iptr->sx.s23.s3.bte;
                        disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, bte->fp);
                        M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_PV, disp);
@@ -743,16 +707,14 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_LDIV:       /* ..., val1, val2  ==> ..., val1 / val2        */
                case ICMD_LREM:       /* ..., val1, val2  ==> ..., val1 % val2        */
 
-                       bte = iptr->sx.s23.s3.bte;
-
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_A0);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_A1);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_RESULT);
-                       M_BEQZ(s2, 0);
-                       codegen_add_arithmeticexception_ref(cd);
+                       emit_arithmetic_check(cd, iptr, s2);
 
                        M_INTMOVE(s1, REG_A0);
                        M_INTMOVE(s2, REG_A1);
+                       bte = iptr->sx.s23.s3.bte;
                        disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, bte->fp);
                        M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_PV, disp);
                        M_JSR(REG_RA, REG_PV);
@@ -1312,7 +1274,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_L2F:
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP3);
-                       disp = dseg_add_unique_double(cd, 0.0);
+                       disp = dseg_add_unique_double(cd, 0.0); /* FIXME Not thread safe! */
                        M_LST(s1, REG_PV, disp);
                        M_DLD(d, REG_PV, disp);
                        M_CVTLF(d, d);
@@ -1323,7 +1285,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_L2D:
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP3);
-                       disp = dseg_add_unique_double(cd, 0.0);
+                       disp = dseg_add_unique_double(cd, 0.0); /* FIXME Not thread safe! */
                        M_LST(s1, REG_PV, disp);
                        M_DLD(d, REG_PV, disp);
                        M_CVTLD(d, d);
@@ -1334,7 +1296,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_D2I:
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
-                       disp = dseg_add_unique_double(cd, 0.0);
+                       disp = dseg_add_unique_double(cd, 0.0); /* FIXME Not thread safe! */
                        M_CVTDL_C(s1, REG_FTMP2);
                        M_CVTLI(REG_FTMP2, REG_FTMP3);
                        M_DST(REG_FTMP3, REG_PV, disp);
@@ -1346,7 +1308,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_D2L:
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP1);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
-                       disp = dseg_add_unique_double(cd, 0.0);
+                       disp = dseg_add_unique_double(cd, 0.0); /* FIXME Not thread safe! */
                        M_CVTDL_C(s1, REG_FTMP2);
                        M_DST(REG_FTMP2, REG_PV, disp);
                        M_LLD(d, REG_PV, disp);
@@ -1436,8 +1398,8 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_nullpointer_check(cd, iptr, s1);
-                       M_ILD(d, s1, OFFSET(java_arrayheader, size));
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       M_ILD(d, s1, OFFSET(java_array_t, size));
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
 
@@ -1446,16 +1408,17 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        if (has_ext_instr_set) {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_BLDU(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET (java_bytearray, data[0]));
+                               M_BLDU(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET (java_bytearray_t, data[0]));
                                M_BSEXT(d, d);
                        }
                        else {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray, data[0]));
-                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray, data[0])+1);
+                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray_t, data[0]));
+                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray_t, data[0])+1);
                                M_EXTQH(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, d);
                                M_SRA_IMM(d, 56, d);
                        }
@@ -1467,17 +1430,18 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        if (has_ext_instr_set) {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                M_LADD(s2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_SLDU(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray, data[0]));
+                               M_SLDU(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray_t, data[0]));
                        }
                        else {
                                M_LADD (s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                M_LADD (s2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray, data[0]));
-                               M_LDA  (REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray, data[0]));
+                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray_t, data[0]));
+                               M_LDA  (REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray_t, data[0]));
                                M_EXTWL(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, d);
                        }
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
@@ -1488,17 +1452,18 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        if (has_ext_instr_set) {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                M_LADD(s2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_SLDU( d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET (java_shortarray, data[0]));
+                               M_SLDU( d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET (java_shortarray_t, data[0]));
                                M_SSEXT(d, d);
                        } else {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                M_LADD(s2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray, data[0]));
-                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray, data[0])+2);
+                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray_t, data[0]));
+                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray_t, data[0])+2);
                                M_EXTQH(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, d);
                                M_SRA_IMM(d, 48, d);
                        }
@@ -1510,9 +1475,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_S4ADDQ(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_ILD(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_intarray, data[0]));
+                       M_ILD(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_intarray_t, data[0]));
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
 
@@ -1521,9 +1487,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_S8ADDQ(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_LLD(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_longarray, data[0]));
+                       M_LLD(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_longarray_t, data[0]));
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
 
@@ -1532,9 +1499,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_S4ADDQ(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_FLD(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_floatarray, data[0]));
+                       M_FLD(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_floatarray_t, data[0]));
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
 
@@ -1543,9 +1511,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_S8ADDQ(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_DLD(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_doublearray, data[0]));
+                       M_DLD(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_doublearray_t, data[0]));
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
 
@@ -1554,9 +1523,10 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_SAADDQ(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_ALD(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_objectarray, data[0]));
+                       M_ALD(d, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_objectarray_t, data[0]));
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        break;
 
@@ -1565,16 +1535,17 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
                        if (has_ext_instr_set) {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_BST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray, data[0]));
+                               M_BST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray_t, data[0]));
                        }
                        else {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray, data[0]));
-                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray, data[0]));
+                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray_t, data[0]));
+                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray_t, data[0]));
                                M_INSBL(s3, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3);
                                M_MSKBL(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2);
                                M_OR(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2);
@@ -1586,18 +1557,19 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
                        if (has_ext_instr_set) {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                M_LADD(s2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_SST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray, data[0]));
+                               M_SST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray_t, data[0]));
                        }
                        else {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                M_LADD(s2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray, data[0]));
-                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray, data[0]));
+                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray_t, data[0]));
+                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray_t, data[0]));
                                M_INSWL(s3, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3);
                                M_MSKWL(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2);
                                M_OR(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2);
@@ -1609,18 +1581,19 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
                        if (has_ext_instr_set) {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                M_LADD(s2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_SST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray, data[0]));
+                               M_SST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray_t, data[0]));
                        }
                        else {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                M_LADD(s2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray, data[0]));
-                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray, data[0]));
+                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray_t, data[0]));
+                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray_t, data[0]));
                                M_INSWL(s3, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3);
                                M_MSKWL(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2);
                                M_OR(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2);
@@ -1632,66 +1605,69 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
                        M_S4ADDQ(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_IST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_intarray, data[0]));
+                       M_IST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_intarray_t, data[0]));
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_LASTORE:    /* ..., arrayref, index, value  ==> ...         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
                        M_S8ADDQ(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_LST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_longarray, data[0]));
+                       M_LST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_longarray_t, data[0]));
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_FASTORE:    /* ..., arrayref, index, value  ==> ...         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP3);
                        M_S4ADDQ(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_FST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_floatarray, data[0]));
+                       M_FST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_floatarray_t, data[0]));
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_DASTORE:    /* ..., arrayref, index, value  ==> ...         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP3);
                        M_S8ADDQ(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_DST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_doublearray, data[0]));
+                       M_DST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_doublearray_t, data[0]));
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_AASTORE:    /* ..., arrayref, index, value  ==> ...         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_A0);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_A1);
 
                        M_INTMOVE(s1, REG_A0);
                        M_INTMOVE(s3, REG_A1);
 
-                       disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, BUILTIN_canstore);
+                       disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, BUILTIN_FAST_canstore);
                        M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_PV, disp);
                        M_JSR(REG_RA, REG_PV);
                        disp = (s4) (cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
                        M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_RA, -disp);
-
-                       M_BEQZ(REG_RESULT, 0);
-                       codegen_add_arraystoreexception_ref(cd);
+                       emit_arraystore_check(cd, iptr);
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        s3 = emit_load_s3(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP3);
                        M_SAADDQ(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_AST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_objectarray, data[0]));
+                       M_AST(s3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_objectarray_t, data[0]));
                        break;
 
 
@@ -1699,15 +1675,16 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        if (has_ext_instr_set) {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_BST(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray, data[0]));
+                               M_BST(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray_t, data[0]));
                        }
                        else {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray, data[0]));
-                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray, data[0]));
+                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray_t, data[0]));
+                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_bytearray_t, data[0]));
                                M_INSBL(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3);
                                M_MSKBL(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2);
                                M_OR(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2);
@@ -1719,17 +1696,18 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        if (has_ext_instr_set) {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                M_LADD(s2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_SST(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray, data[0]));
+                               M_SST(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray_t, data[0]));
                        }
                        else {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                M_LADD(s2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray, data[0]));
-                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray, data[0]));
+                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray_t, data[0]));
+                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_chararray_t, data[0]));
                                M_INSWL(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3);
                                M_MSKWL(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2);
                                M_OR(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2);
@@ -1741,17 +1719,18 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        if (has_ext_instr_set) {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                M_LADD(s2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_SST(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray, data[0]));
+                               M_SST(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray_t, data[0]));
                        }
                        else {
                                M_LADD(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                M_LADD(s2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray, data[0]));
-                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray, data[0]));
+                               M_LLD_U(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray_t, data[0]));
+                               M_LDA(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_shortarray_t, data[0]));
                                M_INSWL(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3);
                                M_MSKWL(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2);
                                M_OR(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2);
@@ -1763,27 +1742,30 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_S4ADDQ(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_IST(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_intarray, data[0]));
+                       M_IST(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_intarray_t, data[0]));
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_LASTORECONST:   /* ..., arrayref, index  ==> ...            */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_S8ADDQ(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_LST(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_longarray, data[0]));
+                       M_LST(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_longarray_t, data[0]));
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_AASTORECONST:   /* ..., arrayref, index  ==> ...            */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
-                       emit_array_checks(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                       emit_arrayindexoutofbounds_check(cd, iptr, s1, s2);
                        M_SAADDQ(s2, s1, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_AST(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_objectarray, data[0]));
+                       M_AST(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(java_objectarray_t, data[0]));
                        break;
 
 
@@ -1794,15 +1776,15 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                fieldtype = uf->fieldref->parseddesc.fd->type;
                                disp      = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, uf);
 
-                               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_get_putstatic, uf, disp);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_get_putstatic, uf, disp);
                        }
                        else {
                                fi        = iptr->sx.s23.s3.fmiref->p.field;
                                fieldtype = fi->type;
-                               disp      = dseg_add_address(cd, &(fi->value));
+                               disp      = dseg_add_address(cd, fi->value);
 
-                               if (!CLASS_IS_OR_ALMOST_INITIALIZED(fi->class))
-                                       codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_initialize_class, fi->class,
+                               if (!CLASS_IS_OR_ALMOST_INITIALIZED(fi->clazz))
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_initialize_class, fi->clazz,
                                                                                  0);
                        }
 
@@ -1839,15 +1821,15 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                fieldtype = uf->fieldref->parseddesc.fd->type;
                                disp      = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, uf);
 
-                               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_get_putstatic, uf, disp);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_get_putstatic, uf, disp);
                        }
                        else {
                                fi        = iptr->sx.s23.s3.fmiref->p.field;
                                fieldtype = fi->type;
-                               disp      = dseg_add_address(cd, &(fi->value));
+                               disp      = dseg_add_address(cd, fi->value);
 
-                               if (!CLASS_IS_OR_ALMOST_INITIALIZED(fi->class))
-                                       codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_initialize_class, fi->class,
+                               if (!CLASS_IS_OR_ALMOST_INITIALIZED(fi->clazz))
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_initialize_class, fi->clazz,
                                                                                  0);
                        }
 
@@ -1885,15 +1867,15 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                fieldtype = uf->fieldref->parseddesc.fd->type;
                                disp      = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, uf);
 
-                               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_get_putstatic, uf, disp);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_get_putstatic, uf, disp);
                        }
                        else {
                                fi        = iptr->sx.s23.s3.fmiref->p.field;
                                fieldtype = fi->type;
-                               disp      = dseg_add_address(cd, &(fi->value));
+                               disp      = dseg_add_address(cd, fi->value);
 
-                               if (!CLASS_IS_OR_ALMOST_INITIALIZED(fi->class))
-                                       codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_initialize_class, fi->class,
+                               if (!CLASS_IS_OR_ALMOST_INITIALIZED(fi->clazz))
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_initialize_class, fi->clazz,
                                                                                  0);
                        }
                        
@@ -1921,14 +1903,13 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_GETFIELD:   /* ...  ==> ..., value                          */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       emit_nullpointer_check(cd, iptr, s1);
 
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
                                uf        = iptr->sx.s23.s3.uf;
                                fieldtype = uf->fieldref->parseddesc.fd->type;
                                disp      = 0;
 
-                               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_get_putfield, uf, 0);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_get_putfield, uf, 0);
                        }
                        else {
                                fi        = iptr->sx.s23.s3.fmiref->p.field;
@@ -1936,6 +1917,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                disp      = fi->offset;
                        }
 
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        switch (fieldtype) {
                        case TYPE_INT:
                                d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
@@ -1964,7 +1946,6 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_PUTFIELD:   /* ..., objectref, value  ==> ...               */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       emit_nullpointer_check(cd, iptr, s1);
 
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
                                uf        = iptr->sx.s23.s3.uf;
@@ -1984,8 +1965,9 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_FTMP2);
 
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr))
-                               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_get_putfield, uf, 0);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_get_putfield, uf, 0);
 
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        switch (fieldtype) {
                        case TYPE_INT:
                                M_IST(s2, s1, disp);
@@ -2010,14 +1992,13 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                          /* following NOP)                           */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       emit_nullpointer_check(cd, iptr, s1);
 
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
                                uf        = iptr->sx.s23.s3.uf;
                                fieldtype = uf->fieldref->parseddesc.fd->type;
                                disp      = 0;
 
-                               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_get_putfield, uf, 0);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_get_putfield, uf, 0);
                        }
                        else {
                                fi        = iptr->sx.s23.s3.fmiref->p.field;
@@ -2025,6 +2006,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                                disp      = fi->offset;
                        }
 
+                       /* implicit null-pointer check */
                        switch (fieldtype) {
                        case TYPE_INT:
                                M_IST(REG_ZERO, s1, disp);
@@ -2056,7 +2038,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
                                unresolved_class *uc = iptr->sx.s23.s2.uc;
 
-                               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_class, uc, 0);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_class, uc, 0);
                        }
 #endif /* ENABLE_VERIFIER */
 
@@ -2071,258 +2053,213 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                case ICMD_GOTO:         /* ... ==> ...                                */
                case ICMD_RET:          /* ... ==> ...                                */
 
-                       M_BR(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_br(cd, iptr->dst.block);
                        ALIGNCODENOP;
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_JSR:          /* ... ==> ...                                */
 
-                       M_BR(0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->sx.s23.s3.jsrtarget.block);
+                       emit_br(cd, iptr->sx.s23.s3.jsrtarget.block);
                        ALIGNCODENOP;
                        break;
                        
                case ICMD_IFNULL:       /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
+               case ICMD_IFNONNULL:
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_BEQZ(s1, 0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
-                       break;
-
-               case ICMD_IFNONNULL:    /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
-
-                       s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_BNEZ(s1, 0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_bccz(cd, iptr->dst.block, iptr->opc - ICMD_IFNULL, s1, BRANCH_OPT_NONE);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IFEQ:         /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       if (iptr->sx.val.i == 0) {
-                               M_BEQZ(s1, 0);
-                               }
+                       if (iptr->sx.val.i == 0)
+                               emit_beqz(cd, iptr->dst.block, s1);
                        else {
-                               if ((iptr->sx.val.i > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.i <= 255)) {
+                               if ((iptr->sx.val.i > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.i <= 255))
                                        M_CMPEQ_IMM(s1, iptr->sx.val.i, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
                                else {
                                        ICONST(REG_ITMP2, iptr->sx.val.i);
                                        M_CMPEQ(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
-                               M_BNEZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
                                }
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_bnez(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
+                       }
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IFLT:         /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       if (iptr->sx.val.i == 0) {
-                               M_BLTZ(s1, 0);
-                               }
+                       if (iptr->sx.val.i == 0)
+                               emit_bltz(cd, iptr->dst.block, s1);
                        else {
-                               if ((iptr->sx.val.i > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.i <= 255)) {
+                               if ((iptr->sx.val.i > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.i <= 255))
                                        M_CMPLT_IMM(s1, iptr->sx.val.i, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
                                else {
                                        ICONST(REG_ITMP2, iptr->sx.val.i);
                                        M_CMPLT(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
-                               M_BNEZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
                                }
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_bnez(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
+                       }
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IFLE:         /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       if (iptr->sx.val.i == 0) {
-                               M_BLEZ(s1, 0);
-                               }
+                       if (iptr->sx.val.i == 0)
+                               emit_blez(cd, iptr->dst.block, s1);
                        else {
-                               if ((iptr->sx.val.i > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.i <= 255)) {
+                               if ((iptr->sx.val.i > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.i <= 255))
                                        M_CMPLE_IMM(s1, iptr->sx.val.i, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
                                else {
                                        ICONST(REG_ITMP2, iptr->sx.val.i);
                                        M_CMPLE(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
-                               M_BNEZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
                                }
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_bnez(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
+                       }
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IFNE:         /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       if (iptr->sx.val.i == 0) {
-                               M_BNEZ(s1, 0);
-                               }
+                       if (iptr->sx.val.i == 0)
+                               emit_bnez(cd, iptr->dst.block, s1);
                        else {
-                               if ((iptr->sx.val.i > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.i <= 255)) {
+                               if ((iptr->sx.val.i > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.i <= 255))
                                        M_CMPEQ_IMM(s1, iptr->sx.val.i, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
                                else {
                                        ICONST(REG_ITMP2, iptr->sx.val.i);
                                        M_CMPEQ(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
-                               M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
                                }
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_beqz(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
+                       }
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IFGT:         /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       if (iptr->sx.val.i == 0) {
-                               M_BGTZ(s1, 0);
-                               }
+                       if (iptr->sx.val.i == 0)
+                               emit_bgtz(cd, iptr->dst.block, s1);
                        else {
-                               if ((iptr->sx.val.i > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.i <= 255)) {
+                               if ((iptr->sx.val.i > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.i <= 255))
                                        M_CMPLE_IMM(s1, iptr->sx.val.i, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
                                else {
                                        ICONST(REG_ITMP2, iptr->sx.val.i);
                                        M_CMPLE(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
-                               M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
                                }
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_beqz(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
+                       }
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IFGE:         /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       if (iptr->sx.val.i == 0) {
-                               M_BGEZ(s1, 0);
-                               }
+                       if (iptr->sx.val.i == 0)
+                               emit_bgez(cd, iptr->dst.block, s1);
                        else {
-                               if ((iptr->sx.val.i > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.i <= 255)) {
+                               if ((iptr->sx.val.i > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.i <= 255))
                                        M_CMPLT_IMM(s1, iptr->sx.val.i, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
                                else {
                                        ICONST(REG_ITMP2, iptr->sx.val.i);
                                        M_CMPLT(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
-                               M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
                                }
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_beqz(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
+                       }
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_LEQ:       /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0) {
-                               M_BEQZ(s1, 0);
-                               }
+                       if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0)
+                               emit_beqz(cd, iptr->dst.block, s1);
                        else {
-                               if ((iptr->sx.val.l > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 255)) {
+                               if ((iptr->sx.val.l > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 255))
                                        M_CMPEQ_IMM(s1, iptr->sx.val.l, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
                                else {
                                        LCONST(REG_ITMP2, iptr->sx.val.l);
                                        M_CMPEQ(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
-                               M_BNEZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
                                }
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_bnez(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
+                       }
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_LLT:       /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0) {
-                               M_BLTZ(s1, 0);
-                               }
+                       if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0)
+                               emit_bltz(cd, iptr->dst.block, s1);
                        else {
-                               if ((iptr->sx.val.l > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 255)) {
+                               if ((iptr->sx.val.l > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 255))
                                        M_CMPLT_IMM(s1, iptr->sx.val.l, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
                                else {
                                        LCONST(REG_ITMP2, iptr->sx.val.l);
                                        M_CMPLT(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
-                               M_BNEZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
                                }
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_bnez(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
+                       }
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_LLE:       /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0) {
-                               M_BLEZ(s1, 0);
-                               }
+                       if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0)
+                               emit_blez(cd, iptr->dst.block, s1);
                        else {
-                               if ((iptr->sx.val.l > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 255)) {
+                               if ((iptr->sx.val.l > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 255))
                                        M_CMPLE_IMM(s1, iptr->sx.val.l, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
                                else {
                                        LCONST(REG_ITMP2, iptr->sx.val.l);
                                        M_CMPLE(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
-                               M_BNEZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
                                }
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_bnez(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
+                       }
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_LNE:       /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0) {
-                               M_BNEZ(s1, 0);
-                               }
+                       if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0)
+                               emit_bnez(cd, iptr->dst.block, s1);
                        else {
-                               if ((iptr->sx.val.l > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 255)) {
+                               if ((iptr->sx.val.l > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 255))
                                        M_CMPEQ_IMM(s1, iptr->sx.val.l, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
                                else {
                                        LCONST(REG_ITMP2, iptr->sx.val.l);
                                        M_CMPEQ(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
-                               M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
                                }
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_beqz(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
+                       }
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_LGT:       /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0) {
-                               M_BGTZ(s1, 0);
-                               }
+                       if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0)
+                               emit_bgtz(cd, iptr->dst.block, s1);
                        else {
-                               if ((iptr->sx.val.l > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 255)) {
+                               if ((iptr->sx.val.l > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 255))
                                        M_CMPLE_IMM(s1, iptr->sx.val.l, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
                                else {
                                        LCONST(REG_ITMP2, iptr->sx.val.l);
                                        M_CMPLE(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
-                               M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
                                }
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_beqz(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
+                       }
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_LGE:       /* ..., value ==> ...                         */
 
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                       if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0) {
-                               M_BGEZ(s1, 0);
-                               }
+                       if (iptr->sx.val.l == 0)
+                               emit_bgez(cd, iptr->dst.block, s1);
                        else {
-                               if ((iptr->sx.val.l > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 255)) {
+                               if ((iptr->sx.val.l > 0) && (iptr->sx.val.l <= 255))
                                        M_CMPLT_IMM(s1, iptr->sx.val.l, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
                                else {
                                        LCONST(REG_ITMP2, iptr->sx.val.l);
                                        M_CMPLT(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
-                                       }
-                               M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
                                }
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                               emit_beqz(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
+                       }
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_ICMPEQ:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
@@ -2332,8 +2269,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMPEQ(s1, s2, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_BNEZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_bnez(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_ICMPNE:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
@@ -2343,8 +2279,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMPEQ(s1, s2, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_beqz(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_ICMPLT:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
@@ -2353,8 +2288,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMPLT(s1, s2, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_BNEZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_bnez(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_ICMPGT:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
@@ -2363,8 +2297,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMPLE(s1, s2, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_beqz(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_ICMPLE:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
@@ -2373,8 +2306,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMPLE(s1, s2, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_BNEZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_bnez(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
                        break;
 
                case ICMD_IF_ICMPGE:    /* ..., value, value ==> ...                  */
@@ -2383,8 +2315,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        s2 = emit_load_s2(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
                        M_CMPLT(s1, s2, REG_ITMP1);
-                       M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP1, 0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->dst.block);
+                       emit_beqz(cd, iptr->dst.block, REG_ITMP1);
                        break;
 
 
@@ -2406,7 +2337,7 @@ bool codegen(jitdata *jd)
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
                                unresolved_class *uc = iptr->sx.s23.s2.uc;
 
-                               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_class, uc, 0);
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_class, uc, 0);
                        }
 #endif /* ENABLE_VERIFIER */
                        goto nowperformreturn;
@@ -2437,7 +2368,7 @@ nowperformreturn:
 #endif
 
 #if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-                       if (checksync && (m->flags & ACC_SYNCHRONIZED)) {
+                       if (checksync && code_is_synchronized(code)) {
                                M_ALD(REG_A0, REG_SP, rd->memuse * 8);
 
                                switch (iptr->opc) {
@@ -2474,7 +2405,7 @@ nowperformreturn:
 
                        /* restore return address                                         */
 
-                       if (!jd->isleafmethod) {
+                       if (!code_is_leafmethod(code)) {
                                p--; M_LLD(REG_RA, REG_SP, p * 8);
                        }
 
@@ -2529,8 +2460,7 @@ nowperformreturn:
                                M_LDA(REG_ITMP2, REG_ZERO, i - 1);
                                M_CMPULE(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2);
                        }
-                       M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP2, 0);
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, table[0].block);
+                       emit_beqz(cd, table[0].block, REG_ITMP2);
 
                        /* build jump table top down and use address of lowest entry */
 
@@ -2576,15 +2506,11 @@ nowperformreturn:
                                        }
                                        M_CMPEQ(s1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2);
                                }
-                               M_BNEZ(REG_ITMP2, 0);
-                               codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, lookup->target.block);
+                               emit_bnez(cd, lookup->target.block, REG_ITMP2);
                                lookup++;
                        }
 
-                       M_BR(0);
-                       
-                       codegen_add_branch_ref(cd, iptr->sx.s23.s3.lookupdefault.block);
-
+                       emit_br(cd, iptr->sx.s23.s3.lookupdefault.block);
                        ALIGNCODENOP;
                        break;
                        }
@@ -2592,6 +2518,8 @@ nowperformreturn:
 
                case ICMD_BUILTIN:      /* ..., arg1, arg2, arg3 ==> ...              */
 
+                       REPLACEMENT_POINT_FORGC_BUILTIN(cd, iptr);
+
                        bte = iptr->sx.s23.s3.bte;
                        md  = bte->md;
                        goto gen_method;
@@ -2624,65 +2552,79 @@ gen_method:
 
                        for (s3 = s3 - 1; s3 >= 0; s3--) {
                                var = VAR(iptr->sx.s23.s2.args[s3]);
+                               d   = md->params[s3].regoff;
+
+                               /* already preallocated (ARGVAR)? */
 
-                               /* Already Preallocated (ARGVAR) ? */
                                if (var->flags & PREALLOC)
                                        continue;
 
                                if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(var->type)) {
                                        if (!md->params[s3].inmemory) {
-                                               s1 = rd->argintregs[md->params[s3].regoff];
-                                               d = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, s1);
-                                               M_INTMOVE(d, s1);
+                                               s1 = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, d);
+                                               M_INTMOVE(s1, d);
                                        }
                                        else {
-                                               d = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, REG_ITMP1);
-                                               M_LST(d, REG_SP, md->params[s3].regoff * 8);
+                                               s1 = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, REG_ITMP1);
+                                               M_LST(s1, REG_SP, d);
                                        }
                                }
                                else {
                                        if (!md->params[s3].inmemory) {
-                                               s1 = rd->argfltregs[md->params[s3].regoff];
-                                               d = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, s1);
-                                               M_FLTMOVE(d, s1);
+                                               s1 = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, d);
+                                               M_FLTMOVE(s1, d);
                                        }
                                        else {
-                                               d = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, REG_FTMP1);
-                                               M_DST(d, REG_SP, md->params[s3].regoff * 8);
+                                               s1 = emit_load(jd, iptr, var, REG_FTMP1);
+                                               M_DST(s1, REG_SP, d);
                                        }
                                }
                        }
 
                        switch (iptr->opc) {
                        case ICMD_BUILTIN:
-                               disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, bte->fp);
+                               if (bte->stub == NULL)
+                                       disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, bte->fp);
+                               else
+                                       disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, bte->stub);
 
                                M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_PV, disp);  /* Pointer to built-in-function */
+
+                               /* generate the actual call */
+
+                               M_JSR(REG_RA, REG_PV);
+                               REPLACEMENT_POINT_FORGC_BUILTIN_RETURN(cd, iptr);
+                               disp = (s4) (cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
+                               M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_RA, -disp);
                                break;
 
                        case ICMD_INVOKESPECIAL:
-                               M_BEQZ(REG_A0, 0);
-                               codegen_add_nullpointerexception_ref(cd);
-                               /* fall through */
+                               emit_nullpointer_check(cd, iptr, REG_A0);
+                               /* fall-through */
 
                        case ICMD_INVOKESTATIC:
                                if (lm == NULL) {
                                        disp = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, um);
 
-                                       codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_invokestatic_special,
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_invokestatic_special,
                                                                                  um, disp);
                                }
                                else
                                        disp = dseg_add_address(cd, lm->stubroutine);
 
                                M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_PV, disp);         /* method pointer in r27 */
+
+                               /* generate the actual call */
+
+                               M_JSR(REG_RA, REG_PV);
+                               REPLACEMENT_POINT_INVOKE_RETURN(cd, iptr);
+                               disp = (s4) (cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
+                               M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_RA, -disp);
                                break;
 
                        case ICMD_INVOKEVIRTUAL:
-                               emit_nullpointer_check(cd, iptr, REG_A0);
-
                                if (lm == NULL) {
-                                       codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_invokevirtual, um, 0);
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_invokevirtual, um, 0);
 
                                        s1 = 0;
                                }
@@ -2690,46 +2632,44 @@ gen_method:
                                        s1 = OFFSET(vftbl_t, table[0]) +
                                                sizeof(methodptr) * lm->vftblindex;
 
-                               M_ALD(REG_METHODPTR, REG_A0,
-                                         OFFSET(java_objectheader, vftbl));
+                               /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                               M_ALD(REG_METHODPTR, REG_A0, OFFSET(java_object_t, vftbl));
                                M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_METHODPTR, s1);
+
+                               /* generate the actual call */
+
+                               M_JSR(REG_RA, REG_PV);
+                               REPLACEMENT_POINT_INVOKE_RETURN(cd, iptr);
+                               disp = (s4) (cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
+                               M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_RA, -disp);
                                break;
 
                        case ICMD_INVOKEINTERFACE:
-                               emit_nullpointer_check(cd, iptr, REG_A0);
-
                                if (lm == NULL) {
-                                       codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_invokeinterface, um, 0);
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_invokeinterface, um, 0);
 
                                        s1 = 0;
                                        s2 = 0;
                                }
                                else {
                                        s1 = OFFSET(vftbl_t, interfacetable[0]) -
-                                               sizeof(methodptr*) * lm->class->index;
+                                               sizeof(methodptr*) * lm->clazz->index;
 
-                                       s2 = sizeof(methodptr) * (lm - lm->class->methods);
+                                       s2 = sizeof(methodptr) * (lm - lm->clazz->methods);
                                }
                                        
-                               M_ALD(REG_METHODPTR, REG_A0,
-                                         OFFSET(java_objectheader, vftbl));    
+                               /* implicit null-pointer check */
+                               M_ALD(REG_METHODPTR, REG_A0, OFFSET(java_object_t, vftbl));
                                M_ALD(REG_METHODPTR, REG_METHODPTR, s1);
                                M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_METHODPTR, s2);
-                               break;
-                       }
 
-                       /* generate the actual call */
-
-                       M_JSR(REG_RA, REG_PV);
-                       REPLACEMENT_POINT_INVOKE_RETURN(cd, iptr);
-                       disp = (s4) (cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-                       M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_RA, -disp);
+                               /* generate the actual call */
 
-                       /* actually only used for ICMD_BUILTIN */
-
-                       if (INSTRUCTION_MUST_CHECK(iptr)) {
-                               M_BEQZ(REG_RESULT, 0);
-                               codegen_add_fillinstacktrace_ref(cd);
+                               M_JSR(REG_RA, REG_PV);
+                               REPLACEMENT_POINT_INVOKE_RETURN(cd, iptr);
+                               disp = (s4) (cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
+                               M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_RA, -disp);
+                               break;
                        }
 
                        /* store the return value */
@@ -2752,64 +2692,31 @@ gen_method:
 
                case ICMD_CHECKCAST:  /* ..., objectref ==> ..., objectref            */
 
-                                     /* val.a: (classinfo*) superclass               */
-
-                       /*  superclass is an interface:
-                        *      
-                        *  OK if ((sub == NULL) ||
-                        *         (sub->vftbl->interfacetablelength > super->index) &&
-                        *         (sub->vftbl->interfacetable[-super->index] != NULL));
-                        *      
-                        *  superclass is a class:
-                        *      
-                        *  OK if ((sub == NULL) || (0
-                        *         <= (sub->vftbl->baseval - super->vftbl->baseval) <=
-                        *         super->vftbl->diffval));
-                        */
-
                        if (!(iptr->flags.bits & INS_FLAG_ARRAY)) {
                                /* object type cast-check */
 
                                classinfo *super;
-                               vftbl_t   *supervftbl;
                                s4         superindex;
 
                                if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
-                                       super = NULL;
+                                       super      = NULL;
                                        superindex = 0;
-                                       supervftbl = NULL;
                                }
                                else {
-                                       super = iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.cls;
+                                       super      = iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.cls;
                                        superindex = super->index;
-                                       supervftbl = super->vftbl;
                                }
 
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-                               codegen_threadcritrestart(cd, cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-#endif
                                s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
 
-                               /* calculate interface checkcast code size */
-
-                               s2 = 6;
-                               if (super == NULL)
-                                       s2 += opt_shownops ? 1 : 0;
-
-                               /* calculate class checkcast code size */
-
-                               s3 = 9 /* 8 + (s1 == REG_ITMP1) */;
-                               if (super == NULL)
-                                       s3 += opt_shownops ? 1 : 0;
-
                                /* if class is not resolved, check which code to call */
 
                                if (super == NULL) {
-                                       M_BEQZ(s1, 4 + (opt_shownops ? 1 : 0) + s2 + 1 + s3);
+                                       emit_label_beqz(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1, s1);
 
                                        disp = dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);         /* super->flags */
 
-                                       codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_flags,
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_flags,
                                                                                  iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref,
                                                                                  disp);
 
@@ -2817,80 +2724,111 @@ gen_method:
                                        disp = dseg_add_s4(cd, ACC_INTERFACE);
                                        M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);
                                        M_AND(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2);
-                                       M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP2, s2 + 1);
+                                       emit_label_beqz(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_2, REG_ITMP2);
                                }
 
                                /* interface checkcast code */
 
                                if ((super == NULL) || (super->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
                                        if (super == NULL) {
-                                               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd,
-                                                                                         PATCHER_checkcast_instanceof_interface,
+                                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd,
+                                                                                         PATCHER_checkcast_interface,
                                                                                          iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref,
                                                                                          0);
                                        }
                                        else
-                                               M_BEQZ(s1, s2);
+                                               emit_label_beqz(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_3, s1);
 
-                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, s1, OFFSET(java_objectheader, vftbl));
+                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, s1, OFFSET(java_object_t, vftbl));
                                        M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2,
                                                  OFFSET(vftbl_t, interfacetablelength));
                                        M_LDA(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP3, -superindex);
-                                       M_BLEZ(REG_ITMP3, 0);
-                                       codegen_add_classcastexception_ref(cd, s1);
+                                       emit_classcast_check(cd, iptr, BRANCH_LE, REG_ITMP3, s1);
+
                                        M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2,
                                                  (s4) (OFFSET(vftbl_t, interfacetable[0]) -
                                                                superindex * sizeof(methodptr*)));
-                                       M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP3, 0);
-                                       codegen_add_classcastexception_ref(cd, s1);
+                                       emit_classcast_check(cd, iptr, BRANCH_EQ, REG_ITMP3, s1);
 
                                        if (super == NULL)
-                                               M_BR(s3);
+                                               emit_label_br(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_4);
+                                       else
+                                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_3);
                                }
 
                                /* class checkcast code */
 
                                if ((super == NULL) || !(super->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
                                        if (super == NULL) {
+                                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_2);
+
                                                disp = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, NULL);
 
-                                               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd,
+                                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd,
                                                                                          PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_vftbl,
                                                                                          iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref,
                                                                                          disp);
                                        }
                                        else {
-                                               disp = dseg_add_address(cd, supervftbl);
+                                               disp = dseg_add_address(cd, super->vftbl);
 
-                                               M_BEQZ(s1, s3);
+                                               emit_label_beqz(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_5, s1);
                                        }
 
-                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, s1, OFFSET(java_objectheader, vftbl));
-                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-                                       codegen_threadcritstart(cd, cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-#endif
-                                       M_ILD(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, baseval));
-                                       /*                              if (s1 != REG_ITMP1) { */
-                                       /*                                      M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, OFFSET(vftbl_t, baseval)); */
-                                       /*                                      M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP3, OFFSET(vftbl_t, diffval)); */
-                                       /*  #if defined(ENABLE_THREADS) */
-                                       /*                                      codegen_threadcritstop(cd, (u1 *) mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase); */
-                                       /*  #endif */
-                                       /*                                      M_ISUB(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2); */
-
-                                       /*                              } else { */
-                                       M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP3, OFFSET(vftbl_t, baseval));
-                                       M_ISUB(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2);
+                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, s1, OFFSET(java_object_t, vftbl));
                                        M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);
-                                       M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP3, OFFSET(vftbl_t, diffval));
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-                                       codegen_threadcritstop(cd, cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-#endif
-                                       /*                              } */
-                                       M_CMPULE(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP3);
-                                       M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP3, 0);
-                                       codegen_add_classcastexception_ref(cd, s1);
+
+                                       if (super == NULL || super->vftbl->subtype_depth >= DISPLAY_SIZE) {
+                                               M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, OFFSET(vftbl_t, subtype_offset));
+                                               M_LADD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
+                                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, 0);
+                                               M_CMPEQ(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP1);
+                                               emit_label_bnez(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_6, REG_ITMP1);  /* good */
+
+                                               if (super == NULL) {
+                                                       M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, OFFSET(vftbl_t, subtype_offset));
+                                                       M_CMPEQ_IMM(REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(vftbl_t, subtype_display[DISPLAY_SIZE]), REG_ITMP1);
+                                                       emit_label_beqz(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_10, REG_ITMP1);  /* throw */
+                                               }
+
+                                               M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, OFFSET(vftbl_t, subtype_depth));
+                                               M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, subtype_depth));
+                                               M_CMPLE(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP3);
+                                               emit_label_beqz(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_9, REG_ITMP3);  /* throw */
+                                               /* reload */
+                                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);
+                                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, subtype_overflow));
+                                               M_S8ADDQ(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2);
+                                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2, -DISPLAY_SIZE*8);
+                                               M_CMPEQ(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP1);
+                                               emit_label_bnez(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_7, REG_ITMP1);  /* good */
+
+                                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_9);
+                                               if (super == NULL)
+                                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_10);
+
+                                               /* reload s1, might have been destroyed */
+                                               emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
+                                               M_ALD_INTERN(s1, REG_ZERO, TRAP_ClassCastException);
+
+                                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_7);
+                                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_6);
+                                               /* reload s1, might have been destroyed */
+                                               emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
+                                       }
+                                       else {
+                                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2, super->vftbl->subtype_offset);
+                                               M_CMPEQ(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2);
+                                               emit_classcast_check(cd, iptr, BRANCH_EQ, REG_ITMP2, s1);
+                                       }
+
+                                       if (super != NULL)
+                                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_5);
+                               }
+
+                               if (super == NULL) {
+                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
+                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_4);
                                }
 
                                d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, s1);
@@ -2904,7 +2842,7 @@ gen_method:
                                if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
                                        disp = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, NULL);
 
-                                       codegen_add_patch_ref(cd,
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd,
                                                                                  PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_classinfo,
                                                                                  iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref,
                                                                                  disp);
@@ -2920,8 +2858,7 @@ gen_method:
                                M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_RA, -disp);
 
                                s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_BEQZ(REG_RESULT, 0);
-                               codegen_add_classcastexception_ref(cd, s1);
+                               emit_classcast_check(cd, iptr, BRANCH_EQ, REG_RESULT, s1);
 
                                d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, s1);
                        }
@@ -2932,21 +2869,6 @@ gen_method:
 
                case ICMD_INSTANCEOF: /* ..., objectref ==> ..., intresult            */
 
-                                     /* val.a: (classinfo*) superclass               */
-
-                       /*  superclass is an interface:
-                        *      
-                        *  return (sub != NULL) &&
-                        *         (sub->vftbl->interfacetablelength > super->index) &&
-                        *         (sub->vftbl->interfacetable[-super->index] != NULL);
-                        *      
-                        *  superclass is a class:
-                        *      
-                        *  return ((sub != NULL) && (0
-                        *          <= (sub->vftbl->baseval - super->vftbl->baseval) <=
-                        *          super->vftbl->diffvall));
-                        */
-
                        {
                        classinfo *super;
                        vftbl_t   *supervftbl;
@@ -2963,37 +2885,23 @@ gen_method:
                                supervftbl = super->vftbl;
                        }
 
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-                       codegen_threadcritrestart(cd, cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-#endif
                        s1 = emit_load_s1(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP1);
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_ITMP2);
+
                        if (s1 == d) {
                                M_MOV(s1, REG_ITMP1);
                                s1 = REG_ITMP1;
                        }
 
-                       /* calculate interface instanceof code size */
-
-                       s2 = 6;
-                       if (super == NULL)
-                               s2 += (d == REG_ITMP2 ? 1 : 0) + (opt_shownops ? 1 : 0);
-
-                       /* calculate class instanceof code size */
-
-                       s3 = 7;
-                       if (super == NULL)
-                               s3 += (opt_shownops ? 1 : 0);
-
                        /* if class is not resolved, check which code to call */
 
                        if (super == NULL) {
                                M_CLR(d);
-                               M_BEQZ(s1, 4 + (opt_shownops ? 1 : 0) + s2 + 1 + s3);
+                               emit_label_beqz(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1, s1);
 
                                disp = dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);             /* super->flags */
 
-                               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_flags,
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_flags,
                                                                          iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref, disp);
 
                                M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);
@@ -3001,7 +2909,7 @@ gen_method:
                                disp = dseg_add_s4(cd, ACC_INTERFACE);
                                M_ILD(REG_ITMP2, REG_PV, disp);
                                M_AND(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3);
-                               M_BEQZ(REG_ITMP3, s2 + 1);
+                               emit_label_beqz(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_2, REG_ITMP3);
                        }
 
                        /* interface instanceof code */
@@ -3013,16 +2921,16 @@ gen_method:
                                        if (d == REG_ITMP2)
                                                M_CLR(d);
 
-                                       codegen_add_patch_ref(cd,
-                                                                                 PATCHER_checkcast_instanceof_interface,
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd,
+                                                                                 PATCHER_instanceof_interface,
                                                                                  iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref, 0);
                                }
                                else {
                                        M_CLR(d);
-                                       M_BEQZ(s1, s2);
+                                       emit_label_beqz(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_3, s1);
                                }
 
-                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, s1, OFFSET(java_objectheader, vftbl));
+                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, s1, OFFSET(java_object_t, vftbl));
                                M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(vftbl_t, interfacetablelength));
                                M_LDA(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP3, -superindex);
                                M_BLEZ(REG_ITMP3, 2);
@@ -3032,16 +2940,20 @@ gen_method:
                                M_CMPULT(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP1, d);      /* REG_ITMP1 != 0  */
 
                                if (super == NULL)
-                                       M_BR(s3);
+                                       emit_label_br(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_4);
+                               else
+                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_3);
                        }
 
                        /* class instanceof code */
 
                        if ((super == NULL) || !(super->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
                                if (super == NULL) {
+                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_2);
+
                                        disp = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, NULL);
 
-                                       codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_vftbl,
+                                       patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_vftbl,
                                                                                  iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref,
                                                                                  disp);
                                }
@@ -3049,23 +2961,66 @@ gen_method:
                                        disp = dseg_add_address(cd, supervftbl);
 
                                        M_CLR(d);
-                                       M_BEQZ(s1, s3);
+                                       emit_label_beqz(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_5, s1);
                                }
 
-                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, s1, OFFSET(java_objectheader, vftbl));
-                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, REG_PV, disp);
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-                               codegen_threadcritstart(cd, cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-#endif
-                               M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(vftbl_t, baseval));
-                               M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, baseval));
-                               M_ILD(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, diffval));
-#if defined(ENABLE_THREADS)
-                               codegen_threadcritstop(cd, cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
-#endif
-                               M_ISUB(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP1);
-                               M_CMPULE(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2, d);
+                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, s1, OFFSET(java_object_t, vftbl));
+                               M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);
+
+                               if (super == NULL || super->vftbl->subtype_depth >= DISPLAY_SIZE) {
+                                       M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, OFFSET(vftbl_t, subtype_offset));
+                                       M_LADD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP1);
+                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP1, 0);
+                                       M_CMPEQ(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP1);
+                                       emit_label_beqz(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_8, REG_ITMP1);
+                                       ICONST(d, 1);
+                                       emit_label_br(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_6);  /* true */
+                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_8);
+
+                                       if (super == NULL) {
+                                               M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, OFFSET(vftbl_t, subtype_offset));
+                                               M_CMPEQ_IMM(REG_ITMP1, OFFSET(vftbl_t, subtype_display[DISPLAY_SIZE]), REG_ITMP1);
+                                               emit_label_beqz(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_10, REG_ITMP1);  /* false */
+                                       }
+
+                                       M_ILD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, OFFSET(vftbl_t, subtype_depth));
+
+                                       M_ILD(REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, subtype_depth));
+                                       M_CMPLE(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, REG_ITMP3);
+                                       emit_label_beqz(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_9, REG_ITMP3);  /* false */
+                                       /* reload */
+                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);
+                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2, OFFSET(vftbl_t, subtype_overflow));
+                                       M_S8ADDQ(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2);
+                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP2, -DISPLAY_SIZE*8);
+                                       M_CMPEQ(REG_ITMP1, REG_ITMP3, d);
+
+                                       if (d == REG_ITMP2)
+                                               emit_label_br(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_7);
+                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_9);
+                                       if (super == NULL)
+                                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_10);
+                                       if (d == REG_ITMP2) {
+                                               M_CLR(d);
+
+                                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_7);
+                                       }
+                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_6);
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       M_ALD(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP2, super->vftbl->subtype_offset);
+                                       M_CMPEQ(REG_ITMP2, REG_ITMP3, d);
+                               }
+
+                               if (super != NULL)
+                                       emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_5);
                        }
+
+                       if (super == NULL) {
+                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_1);
+                               emit_label(cd, BRANCH_LABEL_4);
+                       }
+
                        emit_store_dst(jd, iptr, d);
                        }
                        break;
@@ -3099,7 +3054,7 @@ gen_method:
                        if (INSTRUCTION_IS_UNRESOLVED(iptr)) {
                                disp = dseg_add_unique_address(cd, 0);
 
-                               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_classinfo,
+                               patcher_add_patch_ref(jd, PATCHER_resolve_classref_to_classinfo,
                                                                          iptr->sx.s23.s3.c.ref,
                                                                          disp);
                        }
@@ -3122,8 +3077,7 @@ gen_method:
 
                        /* check for exception before result assignment */
 
-                       M_BEQZ(REG_RESULT, 0);
-                       codegen_add_fillinstacktrace_ref(cd);
+                       emit_exception_check(cd, iptr);
 
                        d = codegen_reg_of_dst(jd, iptr, REG_RESULT);
                        M_INTMOVE(REG_RESULT, d);
@@ -3131,8 +3085,8 @@ gen_method:
                        break;
 
                default:
-                       *exceptionptr =
-                               new_internalerror("Unknown ICMD %d", iptr->opc);
+                       exceptions_throw_internalerror("Unknown ICMD %d during code generation",
+                                                                                  iptr->opc);
                        return false;
        } /* switch */
                
@@ -3141,15 +3095,9 @@ gen_method:
        } /* if (bptr -> flags >= BBREACHED) */
        } /* for basic block */
 
-       dseg_createlinenumbertable(cd);
+       /* generate traps */
 
-       /* generate stubs */
-
-       emit_exception_stubs(jd);
-       emit_patcher_stubs(jd);
-       REPLACEMENT_EMIT_STUBS(jd);
-
-       codegen_finish(jd);
+       emit_patcher_traps(jd);
 
        /* everything's ok */
 
@@ -3157,273 +3105,218 @@ gen_method:
 }
 
 
-/* createcompilerstub **********************************************************
-
-   Creates a stub routine which calls the compiler.
-       
-*******************************************************************************/
-
-#define COMPILERSTUB_DATASIZE    3 * SIZEOF_VOID_P
-#define COMPILERSTUB_CODESIZE    3 * 4
-
-#define COMPILERSTUB_SIZE        COMPILERSTUB_DATASIZE + COMPILERSTUB_CODESIZE
-
-
-u1 *createcompilerstub(methodinfo *m)
-{
-       u1          *s;                     /* memory to hold the stub            */
-       ptrint      *d;
-       codegendata *cd;
-       s4           dumpsize;              /* code generation pointer            */
-
-       s = CNEW(u1, COMPILERSTUB_SIZE);
-
-       /* set data pointer and code pointer */
-
-       d = (ptrint *) s;
-       s = s + COMPILERSTUB_DATASIZE;
-
-       /* mark start of dump memory area */
-
-       dumpsize = dump_size();
-
-       cd = DNEW(codegendata);
-       cd->mcodeptr = s;
-
-       /* The codeinfo pointer is actually a pointer to the
-          methodinfo. This fakes a codeinfo structure. */
-
-       d[0] = (ptrint) asm_call_jit_compiler;
-       d[1] = (ptrint) m;
-       d[2] = (ptrint) &d[1];                                    /* fake code->m */
-
-       /* code for the stub */
-
-       M_ALD(REG_ITMP1, REG_PV, -2 * 8);   /* load codeinfo pointer              */
-       M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_PV, -3 * 8);      /* load pointer to the compiler       */
-       M_JMP(REG_ZERO, REG_PV);            /* jump to the compiler               */
-
-#if defined(ENABLE_STATISTICS)
-       if (opt_stat)
-               count_cstub_len += COMPILERSTUB_SIZE;
-#endif
-
-       /* release dump area */
-
-       dump_release(dumpsize);
-
-       return s;
-}
-
-
-/* createnativestub ************************************************************
+/* codegen_emit_stub_native ****************************************************
 
-   Creates a stub routine which calls a native method.
+   Emits a stub routine which calls a native method.
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-u1 *createnativestub(functionptr f, jitdata *jd, methoddesc *nmd)
+void codegen_emit_stub_native(jitdata *jd, methoddesc *nmd, functionptr f, int skipparams)
 {
-       methodinfo   *m;
-       codeinfo     *code;
-       codegendata  *cd;
-       registerdata *rd;
-       methoddesc   *md;
-       s4            nativeparams;
-       s4            i, j;                 /* count variables                    */
-       s4            t;
-       s4            s1, s2, disp;
-       s4            funcdisp;             /* displacement of the function       */
+       methodinfo  *m;
+       codeinfo    *code;
+       codegendata *cd;
+       methoddesc  *md;
+       int          i, j;
+       int          t;
+       int          s1, s2;
+       int          disp;
 
        /* get required compiler data */
 
        m    = jd->m;
        code = jd->code;
        cd   = jd->cd;
-       rd   = jd->rd;
 
        /* initialize variables */
 
        md = m->parseddesc;
-       nativeparams = (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) ? 2 : 1;
 
        /* calculate stack frame size */
 
        cd->stackframesize =
                1 +                             /* return address                     */
-               sizeof(stackframeinfo) / SIZEOF_VOID_P +
+               sizeof(stackframeinfo_t) / SIZEOF_VOID_P +
                sizeof(localref_table) / SIZEOF_VOID_P +
                1 +                             /* methodinfo for call trace          */
-               (md->paramcount > INT_ARG_CNT ? INT_ARG_CNT : md->paramcount) +
+               md->paramcount +
                nmd->memuse;
 
        /* create method header */
 
        (void) dseg_add_unique_address(cd, code);              /* CodeinfoPointer */
        (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, cd->stackframesize * 8); /* FrameSize       */
-       (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);                      /* IsSync          */
        (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);                      /* IsLeaf          */
        (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);                      /* IntSave         */
        (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);                      /* FltSave         */
-       (void) dseg_addlinenumbertablesize(cd);
-       (void) dseg_add_unique_s4(cd, 0);                      /* ExTableSize     */
 
        /* generate stub code */
 
        M_LDA(REG_SP, REG_SP, -(cd->stackframesize * 8));
        M_AST(REG_RA, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8 - SIZEOF_VOID_P);
 
-       /* call trace function */
-
-#if !defined(NDEBUG)
-       if (JITDATA_HAS_FLAG_VERBOSECALL(jd))
-               emit_verbosecall_enter(jd);
-#endif
+#if defined(ENABLE_GC_CACAO)
+       /* Save callee saved integer registers in stackframeinfo (GC may
+          need to recover them during a collection). */
 
-       /* get function address (this must happen before the stackframeinfo) */
+       disp = cd->stackframesize * 8 - SIZEOF_VOID_P - sizeof(stackframeinfo_t) +
+               OFFSET(stackframeinfo_t, intregs);
 
-       funcdisp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, f);
-
-#if !defined(WITH_STATIC_CLASSPATH)
-       if (f == NULL)
-               codegen_add_patch_ref(cd, PATCHER_resolve_native_function, m, funcdisp);
+       for (i = 0; i < INT_SAV_CNT; i++)
+               M_AST(abi_registers_integer_saved[i], REG_SP, disp + i * 8);
 #endif
 
        /* save integer and float argument registers */
 
-       for (i = 0, j = 0; i < md->paramcount && i < INT_ARG_CNT; i++) {
-               if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(md->paramtypes[i].type)) {
-                       M_LST(rd->argintregs[i], REG_SP, j * 8);
-                       j++;
-               }
-       }
+       for (i = 0; i < md->paramcount; i++) {
+               if (!md->params[i].inmemory) {
+                       s1 = md->params[i].regoff;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < md->paramcount && i < FLT_ARG_CNT; i++) {
-               if (IS_FLT_DBL_TYPE(md->paramtypes[i].type)) {
-                       M_DST(rd->argfltregs[i], REG_SP, j * 8);
-                       j++;
+                       switch (md->paramtypes[i].type) {
+                       case TYPE_INT:
+                       case TYPE_LNG:
+                       case TYPE_ADR:
+                               M_LST(s1, REG_SP, i * 8);
+                               break;
+                       case TYPE_FLT:
+                               M_FST(s1, REG_SP, i * 8);
+                               break;
+                       case TYPE_DBL:
+                               M_DST(s1, REG_SP, i * 8);
+                               break;
+                       }
                }
        }
 
        /* prepare data structures for native function call */
 
-       M_LDA(REG_A0, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8 - SIZEOF_VOID_P);
+       M_MOV(REG_SP, REG_A0);
        M_MOV(REG_PV, REG_A1);
-       M_LDA(REG_A2, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8);
-       M_ALD(REG_A3, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8 - SIZEOF_VOID_P);
        disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, codegen_start_native_call);
        M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_PV, disp);
        M_JSR(REG_RA, REG_PV);
        disp = (s4) (cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
        M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_RA, -disp);
 
+       /* remember class argument */
+
+       if (m->flags & ACC_STATIC)
+               M_MOV(REG_RESULT, REG_ITMP3);
+
        /* restore integer and float argument registers */
 
-       for (i = 0, j = 0; i < md->paramcount && i < INT_ARG_CNT; i++) {
-               if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(md->paramtypes[i].type)) {
-                       M_LLD(rd->argintregs[i], REG_SP, j * 8);
-                       j++;
-               }
-       }
+       for (i = 0; i < md->paramcount; i++) {
+               if (!md->params[i].inmemory) {
+                       s1 = md->params[i].regoff;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < md->paramcount && i < FLT_ARG_CNT; i++) {
-               if (IS_FLT_DBL_TYPE(md->paramtypes[i].type)) {
-                       M_DLD(rd->argfltregs[i], REG_SP, j * 8);
-                       j++;
+                       switch (md->paramtypes[i].type) {
+                       case TYPE_INT:
+                       case TYPE_LNG:
+                       case TYPE_ADR:
+                               M_LLD(s1, REG_SP, i * 8);
+                               break;
+                       case TYPE_FLT:
+                               M_FLD(s1, REG_SP, i * 8);
+                               break;
+                       case TYPE_DBL:
+                               M_DLD(s1, REG_SP, i * 8);
+                               break;
+                       }
                }
        }
 
        /* copy or spill arguments to new locations */
 
-       for (i = md->paramcount - 1, j = i + nativeparams; i >= 0; i--, j--) {
+       for (i = md->paramcount - 1, j = i + skipparams; i >= 0; i--, j--) {
                t = md->paramtypes[i].type;
 
                if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(t)) {
                        if (!md->params[i].inmemory) {
-                               s1 = rd->argintregs[md->params[i].regoff];
+                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff;
+                               s2 = nmd->params[j].regoff;
 
-                               if (!nmd->params[j].inmemory) {
-                                       s2 = rd->argintregs[nmd->params[j].regoff];
+                               if (!nmd->params[j].inmemory)
                                        M_INTMOVE(s1, s2);
-
-                               } else {
-                                       s2 = nmd->params[j].regoff;
-                                       M_LST(s1, REG_SP, s2 * 8);
-                               }
-
-                       } else {
-                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff + cd->stackframesize;
+                               else
+                                       M_LST(s1, REG_SP, s2);
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff + cd->stackframesize * 8;
                                s2 = nmd->params[j].regoff;
-                               M_LLD(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, s1 * 8);
-                               M_LST(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, s2 * 8);
+                               M_LLD(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, s1);
+                               M_LST(REG_ITMP1, REG_SP, s2);
                        }
-
-               else {
+               }
+               else {
                        if (!md->params[i].inmemory) {
-                               s1 = rd->argfltregs[md->params[i].regoff];
+                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff;
+                               s2 = nmd->params[j].regoff;
 
-                               if (!nmd->params[j].inmemory) {
-                                       s2 = rd->argfltregs[nmd->params[j].regoff];
+                               if (!nmd->params[j].inmemory)
                                        M_FLTMOVE(s1, s2);
-
-                               } else {
-                                       s2 = nmd->params[j].regoff;
+                               else {
                                        if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
-                                               M_DST(s1, REG_SP, s2 * 8);
+                                               M_DST(s1, REG_SP, s2);
                                        else
-                                               M_FST(s1, REG_SP, s2 * 8);
+                                               M_FST(s1, REG_SP, s2);
                                }
-
-                       else {
-                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff + cd->stackframesize;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               s1 = md->params[i].regoff + cd->stackframesize * 8;
                                s2 = nmd->params[j].regoff;
-                               M_DLD(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, s1 * 8);
+                               M_DLD(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, s1);
                                if (IS_2_WORD_TYPE(t))
-                                       M_DST(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, s2 * 8);
+                                       M_DST(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, s2);
                                else
-                                       M_FST(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, s2 * 8);
+                                       M_FST(REG_FTMP1, REG_SP, s2);
                        }
                }
        }
 
-       /* put class into second argument register */
+       /* Handle native Java methods. */
 
-       if (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) {
-               disp = dseg_add_address(cd, m->class);
-               M_ALD(REG_A1, REG_PV, disp);
-       }
+       if (m->flags & ACC_NATIVE) {
+               /* put class into second argument register */
+
+               if (m->flags & ACC_STATIC)
+                       M_MOV(REG_ITMP3, REG_A1);
 
-       /* put env into first argument register */
+               /* put env into first argument register */
 
-       disp = dseg_add_address(cd, _Jv_env);
-       M_ALD(REG_A0, REG_PV, disp);
+               disp = dseg_add_address(cd, VM_get_jnienv());
+               M_ALD(REG_A0, REG_PV, disp);
+       }
 
-       /* do the native function call */
+       /* Call the native function. */
 
-       M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_PV, funcdisp);
+       disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, f);
+       M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_PV, disp);
        M_JSR(REG_RA, REG_PV);              /* call native method                 */
        disp = (s4) (cd->mcodeptr - cd->mcodebase);
        M_LDA(REG_PV, REG_RA, -disp);       /* recompute pv from ra               */
 
        /* save return value */
 
-       if (md->returntype.type != TYPE_VOID) {
-               if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(md->returntype.type))
-                       M_LST(REG_RESULT, REG_SP, 0 * 8);
-               else
-                       M_DST(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, 0 * 8);
+       switch (md->returntype.type) {
+       case TYPE_INT:
+       case TYPE_LNG:
+       case TYPE_ADR:
+               M_LST(REG_RESULT, REG_SP, 0 * 8);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_FLT:
+               M_FST(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, 0 * 8);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_DBL:
+               M_DST(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, 0 * 8);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_VOID:
+               break;
        }
 
-       /* call finished trace */
-
-#if !defined(NDEBUG)
-       if (JITDATA_HAS_FLAG_VERBOSECALL(jd))
-               emit_verbosecall_exit(jd);
-#endif
-
        /* remove native stackframe info */
 
-       M_LDA(REG_A0, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8 - SIZEOF_VOID_P);
+       M_MOV(REG_SP, REG_A0);
+       M_MOV(REG_PV, REG_A1);
        disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, codegen_finish_native_call);
        M_ALD(REG_PV, REG_PV, disp);
        M_JSR(REG_RA, REG_PV);
@@ -3433,13 +3326,33 @@ u1 *createnativestub(functionptr f, jitdata *jd, methoddesc *nmd)
 
        /* restore return value */
 
-       if (md->returntype.type != TYPE_VOID) {
-               if (IS_INT_LNG_TYPE(md->returntype.type))
-                       M_LLD(REG_RESULT, REG_SP, 0 * 8);
-               else
-                       M_DLD(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, 0 * 8);
+       switch (md->returntype.type) {
+       case TYPE_INT:
+       case TYPE_LNG:
+       case TYPE_ADR:
+               M_LLD(REG_RESULT, REG_SP, 0 * 8);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_FLT:
+               M_FLD(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, 0 * 8);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_DBL:
+               M_DLD(REG_FRESULT, REG_SP, 0 * 8);
+               break;
+       case TYPE_VOID:
+               break;
        }
 
+#if defined(ENABLE_GC_CACAO)
+       /* Restore callee saved integer registers from stackframeinfo (GC
+          might have modified them during a collection). */
+        
+       disp = cd->stackframesize * 8 - SIZEOF_VOID_P - sizeof(stackframeinfo_t) +
+               OFFSET(stackframeinfo_t, intregs);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < INT_SAV_CNT; i++)
+               M_ALD(abi_registers_integer_saved[i], REG_SP, disp + i * 8);
+#endif
+
        M_ALD(REG_RA, REG_SP, (cd->stackframesize - 1) * 8); /* get RA            */
        M_LDA(REG_SP, REG_SP, cd->stackframesize * 8);
 
@@ -3455,15 +3368,6 @@ u1 *createnativestub(functionptr f, jitdata *jd, methoddesc *nmd)
        disp = dseg_add_functionptr(cd, asm_handle_nat_exception);
        M_ALD(REG_ITMP3, REG_PV, disp);     /* load asm exception handler address */
        M_JMP(REG_ZERO, REG_ITMP3);         /* jump to asm exception handler      */
-       
-
-       /* generate patcher stubs */
-
-       emit_patcher_stubs(jd);
-
-       codegen_finish(jd);
-
-       return code->entrypoint;
 }