2001-11-18 Ravi Pratap <ravi@ximian.com>
[mono.git] / mcs / mcs / expression.cs
index 1bc1351a61315a31a826b24459b5f28f26556a89..5cf7fdb86541dfc754c26b3f3b46d4565786a7e5 100755 (executable)
 // (C) 2001 Ximian, Inc.
 //
 //
-// Ideas:
-//   Maybe we should make Resolve be an instance method that just calls
-//   the virtual DoResolve function and checks conditions like the eclass
-//   and type being set if a non-null value is returned.  For robustness
-//   purposes.
-//
-
-namespace CIR {
-       using System;
-       using System.Collections;
-       using System.Diagnostics;
-       using System.Reflection;
-       using System.Reflection.Emit;
-       using System.Text;
-       
-       // <remarks>
-       //   The ExprClass class contains the is used to pass the 
-       //   classification of an expression (value, variable, namespace,
-       //   type, method group, property access, event access, indexer access,
-       //   nothing).
-       // </remarks>
-       public enum ExprClass {
-               Invalid,
-               
-               Value,
-               Variable,
-               Namespace,
-               Type,
-               MethodGroup,
-               PropertyAccess,
-               EventAccess,
-               IndexerAccess,
-               Nothing, 
-       }
-
-       // <summary>
-       //   An interface provided by expressions that can be used as
-       //   LValues and can store the value on the top of the stack on
-       //   their storage
-       // </summary>
-       public interface IStackStore {
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   The Store method should store the contents of the top
-               //   of the stack into the storage that is implemented by
-               //   the particular implementation of LValue
-               // </summary>
-               void Store     (EmitContext ec);
-       }
-
-       // <summary>
-       //   This interface is implemented by variables
-       // </summary>
-       public interface IMemoryLocation {
-               // <summary>
-               //   The AddressOf method should generate code that loads
-               //   the address of the object and leaves it on the stack
-               // </summary>
-               void AddressOf (EmitContext ec);
-       }
-
-       // <remarks>
-       //   Base class for expressions
-       // </remarks>
-       public abstract class Expression {
-               protected ExprClass eclass;
-               protected Type      type;
-               
-               public Type Type {
-                       get {
-                               return type;
-                       }
-
-                       set {
-                               type = value;
-                       }
-               }
-
-               public ExprClass ExprClass {
-                       get {
-                               return eclass;
-                       }
-
-                       set {
-                               eclass = value;
-                       }
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   Utility wrapper routine for Error, just to beautify the code
-               // </summary>
-               static protected void Error (int error, string s)
-               {
-                       Report.Error (error, s);
-               }
-
-               static protected void Error (int error, Location loc, string s)
-               {
-                       Report.Error (error, loc, s);
-               }
-               
-               // <summary>
-               //   Utility wrapper routine for Warning, just to beautify the code
-               // </summary>
-               static protected void Warning (int warning, string s)
-               {
-                       Report.Warning (warning, s);
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   Performs semantic analysis on the Expression
-               // </summary>
-               //
-               // <remarks>
-               //   The Resolve method is invoked to perform the semantic analysis
-               //   on the node.
-               //
-               //   The return value is an expression (it can be the
-               //   same expression in some cases) or a new
-               //   expression that better represents this node.
-               //   
-               //   For example, optimizations of Unary (LiteralInt)
-               //   would return a new LiteralInt with a negated
-               //   value.
-               //   
-               //   If there is an error during semantic analysis,
-               //   then an error should be reported (using Report)
-               //   and a null value should be returned.
-               //   
-               //   There are two side effects expected from calling
-               //   Resolve(): the the field variable "eclass" should
-               //   be set to any value of the enumeration
-               //   `ExprClass' and the type variable should be set
-               //   to a valid type (this is the type of the
-               //   expression).
-               // </remarks>
-               
-               public abstract Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec);
-
-               public virtual Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
-               {
-                       return DoResolve (ec);
-               }
-               
-               //
-               // Currently Resolve wraps DoResolve to perform sanity
-               // checking and assertion checking on what we expect from Resolve
-               //
-               public Expression Resolve (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       Expression e = DoResolve (ec);
-
-                       if (e != null){
-                               if (e is SimpleName){
-                                       SimpleName s = (SimpleName) e;
-                                       
-                                       Report.Error (
-                                               103, s.Location,
-                                               "The name `" + s.Name + "' could not be found in `" +
-                                               ec.TypeContainer.Name + "'");
-                                       return null;
-                               }
-                               
-                               if (e.ExprClass == ExprClass.Invalid)
-                                       throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
-                                                            " ExprClass is Invalid after resolve");
-
-                               if (e.ExprClass != ExprClass.MethodGroup)
-                                       if (e.type == null)
-                                               throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
-                                                                    " did not set its type after Resolve");
-                       }
-
-                       return e;
-               }
-
-               //
-               // Just like `Resolve' above, but this allows SimpleNames to be returned.
-               // This is used by MemberAccess to construct long names that can not be
-               // partially resolved (namespace-qualified names for example).
-               //
-               public Expression ResolveWithSimpleName (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       Expression e = DoResolve (ec);
-
-                       if (e != null){
-                               if (e is SimpleName)
-                                       return e;
-
-                               if (e.ExprClass == ExprClass.Invalid)
-                                       throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
-                                                            " ExprClass is Invalid after resolve");
-
-                               if (e.ExprClass != ExprClass.MethodGroup)
-                                       if (e.type == null)
-                                               throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
-                                                                    " did not set its type after Resolve");
-                       }
-
-                       return e;
-               }
-               
-               //
-               // Currently ResolveLValue wraps DoResolveLValue to perform sanity
-               // checking and assertion checking on what we expect from Resolve
-               //
-               public Expression ResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
-               {
-                       Expression e = DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
-
-                       if (e != null){
-                               if (e is SimpleName){
-                                       SimpleName s = (SimpleName) e;
-                                       
-                                       Report.Error (
-                                               103, s.Location,
-                                               "The name `" + s.Name + "' could not be found in `" +
-                                               ec.TypeContainer.Name + "'");
-                                       return null;
-                               }
-
-                               if (e.ExprClass == ExprClass.Invalid)
-                                       throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
-                                                            " ExprClass is Invalid after resolve");
-
-                               if (e.ExprClass != ExprClass.MethodGroup)
-                                       if (e.type == null)
-                                               throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
-                                                                    " did not set its type after Resolve");
-                       }
-
-                       return e;
-               }
-               
-               // <summary>
-               //   Emits the code for the expression
-               // </summary>
-               //
-               // <remarks>
-               // 
-               //   The Emit method is invoked to generate the code
-               //   for the expression.  
-               //
-               // </remarks>
-               public abstract void Emit (EmitContext ec);
-               
-               // <summary>
-               //   Protected constructor.  Only derivate types should
-               //   be able to be created
-               // </summary>
-
-               protected Expression ()
-               {
-                       eclass = ExprClass.Invalid;
-                       type = null;
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   Returns a literalized version of a literal FieldInfo
-               // </summary>
-               static Expression Literalize (FieldInfo fi)
-               {
-                       Type t = fi.FieldType;
-                       object v = fi.GetValue (fi);
-
-                       if (t == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                               return new IntLiteral ((int) v);
-                       else if (t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                               return new UIntLiteral ((uint) v);
-                       else if (t == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                               return new LongLiteral ((long) v);
-                       else if (t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                               return new ULongLiteral ((ulong) v);
-                       else if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
-                               return new FloatLiteral ((float) v);
-                       else if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
-                               return new DoubleLiteral ((double) v);
-                       else if (t == TypeManager.string_type)
-                               return new StringLiteral ((string) v);
-                       else if (t == TypeManager.short_type)
-                               return new IntLiteral ((int) ((short)v));
-                       else if (t == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                               return new IntLiteral ((int) ((ushort)v));
-                       else if (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                               return new IntLiteral ((int) ((sbyte)v));
-                       else if (t == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                               return new IntLiteral ((int) ((byte)v));
-                       else if (t == TypeManager.char_type)
-                               return new IntLiteral ((int) ((char)v));
-                       else
-                               throw new Exception ("Unknown type for literal (" + v.GetType () +
-                                                    "), details: " + fi);
-               }
-
-               // 
-               // Returns a fully formed expression after a MemberLookup
-               //
-               static Expression ExprClassFromMemberInfo (EmitContext ec, MemberInfo mi, Location loc)
-               {
-                       if (mi is EventInfo){
-                               return new EventExpr ((EventInfo) mi, loc);
-                       } else if (mi is FieldInfo){
-                               FieldInfo fi = (FieldInfo) mi;
-
-                               if (fi.IsLiteral){
-                                       Expression e = Literalize (fi);
-                                       e.Resolve (ec);
-
-                                       return e;
-                               } else
-                                       return new FieldExpr (fi, loc);
-                       } else if (mi is PropertyInfo){
-                               return new PropertyExpr ((PropertyInfo) mi, loc);
-                       } else if (mi is Type)
-                               return new TypeExpr ((Type) mi);
-
-                       return null;
-               }
-               
-               //
-               // FIXME: Probably implement a cache for (t,name,current_access_set)?
-               //
-               // FIXME: We need to cope with access permissions here, or this wont
-               // work!
-               //
-               // This code could use some optimizations, but we need to do some
-               // measurements.  For example, we could use a delegate to `flag' when
-               // something can not any longer be a method-group (because it is something
-               // else).
-               //
-               // Return values:
-               //     If the return value is an Array, then it is an array of
-               //     MethodBases
-               //   
-               //     If the return value is an MemberInfo, it is anything, but a Method
-               //
-               //     null on error.
-               //
-               // FIXME: When calling MemberLookup inside an `Invocation', we should pass
-               // the arguments here and have MemberLookup return only the methods that
-               // match the argument count/type, unlike we are doing now (we delay this
-               // decision).
-               //
-               // This is so we can catch correctly attempts to invoke instance methods
-               // from a static body (scan for error 120 in ResolveSimpleName).
-               //
-               public static Expression MemberLookup (EmitContext ec, Type t, string name,
-                                                      bool same_type, MemberTypes mt,
-                                                      BindingFlags bf, Location loc)
-               {
-                       if (same_type)
-                               bf |= BindingFlags.NonPublic;
-
-                       MemberInfo [] mi = ec.TypeContainer.RootContext.TypeManager.FindMembers (
-                               t, mt, bf, Type.FilterName, name);
-
-                       if (mi == null)
-                               return null;
-
-                       // Empty array ...
-                       if (mi.Length == 0) 
-                               return null;
-
-                       
-                       if (mi.Length == 1 && !(mi [0] is MethodBase))
-                               return Expression.ExprClassFromMemberInfo (ec, mi [0], loc);
-                       
-                       for (int i = 0; i < mi.Length; i++)
-                               if (!(mi [i] is MethodBase)){
-                                       Error (-5, "Do not know how to reproduce this case: " + 
-                                              "Methods and non-Method with the same name, " +
-                                              "report this please");
-
-                                       for (i = 0; i < mi.Length; i++){
-                                               Type tt = mi [i].GetType ();
-
-                                               Console.WriteLine (i + ": " + mi [i]);
-                                               while (tt != TypeManager.object_type){
-                                                       Console.WriteLine (tt);
-                                                       tt = tt.BaseType;
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               }
-
-                       return new MethodGroupExpr (mi);
-               }
-
-               public const MemberTypes AllMemberTypes =
-                       MemberTypes.Constructor |
-                       MemberTypes.Event       |
-                       MemberTypes.Field       |
-                       MemberTypes.Method      |
-                       MemberTypes.NestedType  |
-                       MemberTypes.Property;
-               
-               public const BindingFlags AllBindingsFlags =
-                       BindingFlags.Public |
-                       BindingFlags.Static |
-                       BindingFlags.Instance;
-
-               public static Expression MemberLookup (EmitContext ec, Type t, string name,
-                                                      bool same_type, Location loc)
-               {
-                       return MemberLookup (ec, t, name, same_type, AllMemberTypes, AllBindingsFlags, loc);
-               }
-
-               static public Expression ImplicitReferenceConversion (Expression expr, Type target_type)
-               {
-                       Type expr_type = expr.Type;
-
-                       if (target_type == TypeManager.object_type) {
-                               if (expr_type.IsClass)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               if (expr_type.IsValueType)
-                                       return new BoxedCast (expr);
-                       } else if (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (target_type)) {
-                               return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                       } else {
-                               // from any class-type S to any interface-type T.
-                               if (expr_type.IsClass && target_type.IsInterface) {
-
-                                       if (TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (expr_type, target_type))
-                                               return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                                       else
-                                               return null;
-                               }
-
-                               // from any interface type S to interface-type T.
-                               if (expr_type.IsInterface && target_type.IsInterface) {
-
-                                       if (TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (expr_type, target_type))
-                                               return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                                       else
-                                               return null;
-                               }
-                               
-                               // from an array-type S to an array-type of type T
-                               if (expr_type.IsArray && target_type.IsArray) {
-                                       if (expr_type.GetArrayRank () == target_type.GetArrayRank ()) {
-
-                                               Type expr_element_type = expr_type.GetElementType ();
-                                               Type target_element_type = target_type.GetElementType ();
-
-                                               if (!expr_element_type.IsValueType && !target_element_type.IsValueType)
-                                                       if (StandardConversionExists (expr_element_type,
-                                                                                     target_element_type))
-                                                               return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               
-                               
-                               // from an array-type to System.Array
-                               if (expr_type.IsArray && target_type == TypeManager.array_type)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               
-                               // from any delegate type to System.Delegate
-                               if (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type) &&
-                                   target_type == TypeManager.delegate_type)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                                       
-                               // from any array-type or delegate type into System.ICloneable.
-                               if (expr_type.IsArray || expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type))
-                                       if (target_type == TypeManager.icloneable_type)
-                                               return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               
-                               // from the null type to any reference-type.
-                               if (expr is NullLiteral)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-
-                               return null;
-
-                       }
-                       
-                       return null;
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   Handles expressions like this: decimal d; d = 1;
-               //   and changes them into: decimal d; d = new System.Decimal (1);
-               // </summary>
-               static Expression InternalTypeConstructor (EmitContext ec, Expression expr, Type target)
-               {
-                       ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
-
-                       args.Add (new Argument (expr, Argument.AType.Expression));
-
-                       Expression ne = new New (target.FullName, args,
-                                                new Location (-1));
-
-                       return ne.Resolve (ec);
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   Implicit Numeric Conversions.
-               //
-               //   expr is the expression to convert, returns a new expression of type
-               //   target_type or null if an implicit conversion is not possible.
-               //
-               // </summary>
-               static public Expression ImplicitNumericConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
-                                                                   Type target_type, Location loc)
-               {
-                       Type expr_type = expr.Type;
-                       
-                       //
-                       // Attempt to do the implicit constant expression conversions
-
-                       if (expr is IntLiteral){
-                               Expression e;
-                               
-                               e = TryImplicitIntConversion (target_type, (IntLiteral) expr);
-                               if (e != null)
-                                       return e;
-                       } else if (expr is LongLiteral){
-                               //
-                               // Try the implicit constant expression conversion
-                               // from long to ulong, instead of a nice routine,
-                               // we just inline it
-                               //
-                               if (((LongLiteral) expr).Value > 0)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                       }
-                       
-                       if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
-                               //
-                               // From sbyte to short, int, long, float, double.
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
-                                       return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
-                               //
-                               // From byte to short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
-                               // 
-                               if ((target_type == TypeManager.short_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type))
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
-                                       return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type){
-                               //
-                               // From short to int, long, float, double
-                               // 
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
-                                       return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
-                               //
-                               // From ushort to int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
-                                       return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
-                               //
-                               // From int to long, float, double
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
-                                       return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
-                               //
-                               // From uint to long, ulong, float, double
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R_Un,
-                                                              OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R_Un,
-                                                              OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
-                                       return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
-                       } else if ((expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
-                                  (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type)){
-                               //
-                               // From long/ulong to float, double
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R_Un,
-                                                              OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R_Un,
-                                                              OpCodes.Conv_R4);        
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
-                                       return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type){
-                               //
-                               // From char to ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
-                               // 
-                               if ((target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type))
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
-                                       return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type){
-                               //
-                               // float to double
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                       }
-
-                       return null;
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //  Determines if a standard implicit conversion exists from
-               //  expr_type to target_type
-               // </summary>
-               public static bool StandardConversionExists (Type expr_type, Type target_type)
-               {
-                       if (expr_type == target_type)
-                               return true;
-
-                       // First numeric conversions 
-                       
-                       if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
-                               //
-                               // From sbyte to short, int, long, float, double.
-                               //
-                               if ((target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) || 
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)  ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
-                                       return true;
-                               
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
-                               //
-                               // From byte to short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
-                               // 
-                               if ((target_type == TypeManager.short_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
-                                       return true;
-       
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type){
-                               //
-                               // From short to int, long, float, double
-                               // 
-                               if ((target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
-                                       return true;
-                                       
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
-                               //
-                               // From ushort to int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
-                               //
-                               if ((target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
-                                       return true;
-                                   
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
-                               //
-                               // From int to long, float, double
-                               //
-                               if ((target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
-                                       return true;
-                                       
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
-                               //
-                               // From uint to long, ulong, float, double
-                               //
-                               if ((target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
-                                       return true;
-                                       
-                       } else if ((expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
-                                  (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type)) {
-                               //
-                               // From long/ulong to float, double
-                               //
-                               if ((target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
-                                       return true;
-                                   
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type){
-                               //
-                               // From char to ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
-                               // 
-                               if ((target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
-                                       return true;
-
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type){
-                               //
-                               // float to double
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
-                                       return true;
-                       }       
-                       
-                       // Next reference conversions
-
-                       if (target_type == TypeManager.object_type) {
-                               if ((expr_type.IsClass) ||
-                                   (expr_type.IsValueType))
-                                       return true;
-                               
-                       } else if (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (target_type)) {
-                               return true;
-                               
-                       } else {
-                               // from any class-type S to any interface-type T.
-                               if (expr_type.IsClass && target_type.IsInterface)
-                                       return true;
-                               
-                               // from any interface type S to interface-type T.
-                               // FIXME : Is it right to use IsAssignableFrom ?
-                               if (expr_type.IsInterface && target_type.IsInterface)
-                                       if (target_type.IsAssignableFrom (expr_type))
-                                               return true;
-                               
-                               // from an array-type S to an array-type of type T
-                               if (expr_type.IsArray && target_type.IsArray) {
-                                       if (expr_type.GetArrayRank () == target_type.GetArrayRank ()) {
-                                               
-                                               Type expr_element_type = expr_type.GetElementType ();
-                                               Type target_element_type = target_type.GetElementType ();
-                                               
-                                               if (!expr_element_type.IsValueType && !target_element_type.IsValueType)
-                                                       if (StandardConversionExists (expr_element_type,
-                                                                                     target_element_type))
-                                                               return true;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               
-                               // from an array-type to System.Array
-                               if (expr_type.IsArray && target_type.IsAssignableFrom (expr_type))
-                                       return true;
-                               
-                               // from any delegate type to System.Delegate
-                               if (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type) &&
-                                   target_type == TypeManager.delegate_type)
-                                       if (target_type.IsAssignableFrom (expr_type))
-                                               return true;
-                                       
-                               // from any array-type or delegate type into System.ICloneable.
-                               if (expr_type.IsArray || expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type))
-                                       if (target_type == TypeManager.icloneable_type)
-                                               return true;
-                               
-                               // from the null type to any reference-type.
-                               // FIXME : How do we do this ?
-
-                       }
-
-                       return false;
-               }
-               
-               // <summary>
-               //  Finds "most encompassed type" according to the spec (13.4.2)
-               //  amongst the methods in the MethodGroupExpr which convert from a
-               //  type encompassing source_type
-               // </summary>
-               static Type FindMostEncompassedType (MethodGroupExpr me, Type source_type)
-               {
-                       Type best = null;
-                       
-                       for (int i = me.Methods.Length; i > 0; ) {
-                               i--;
-
-                               MethodBase mb = me.Methods [i];
-                               ParameterData pd = Invocation.GetParameterData (mb);
-                               Type param_type = pd.ParameterType (0);
-
-                               if (StandardConversionExists (source_type, param_type)) {
-                                       if (best == null)
-                                               best = param_type;
-                                       
-                                       if (StandardConversionExists (param_type, best))
-                                               best = param_type;
-                               }
-                       }
-
-                       return best;
-               }
-               
-               // <summary>
-               //  Finds "most encompassing type" according to the spec (13.4.2)
-               //  amongst the methods in the MethodGroupExpr which convert to a
-               //  type encompassed by target_type
-               // </summary>
-               static Type FindMostEncompassingType (MethodGroupExpr me, Type target)
-               {
-                       Type best = null;
-                       
-                       for (int i = me.Methods.Length; i > 0; ) {
-                               i--;
-                               
-                               MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) me.Methods [i];
-                               Type ret_type = mi.ReturnType;
-                               
-                               if (StandardConversionExists (ret_type, target)) {
-                                       if (best == null)
-                                               best = ret_type;
-
-                                       if (!StandardConversionExists (ret_type, best))
-                                               best = ret_type;
-                               }
-                               
-                       }
-                       
-                       return best;
-
-               }
-               
-
-               // <summary>
-               //  User-defined Implicit conversions
-               // </summary>
-               static public Expression ImplicitUserConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression source,
-                                                                Type target, Location loc)
-               {
-                       return UserDefinedConversion (ec, source, target, loc, false);
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //  User-defined Explicit conversions
-               // </summary>
-               static public Expression ExplicitUserConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression source,
-                                                                Type target, Location loc)
-               {
-                       return UserDefinedConversion (ec, source, target, loc, true);
-               }
-               
-               // <summary>
-               //   User-defined conversions
-               // </summary>
-               static public Expression UserDefinedConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression source,
-                                                               Type target, Location loc,
-                                                               bool look_for_explicit)
-               {
-                       Expression mg1 = null, mg2 = null, mg3 = null, mg4 = null;
-                       Expression mg5 = null, mg6 = null, mg7 = null, mg8 = null;
-                       Expression e;
-                       MethodBase method = null;
-                       Type source_type = source.Type;
-
-                       string op_name;
-                       
-                       // If we have a boolean type, we need to check for the True operator
-
-                       // FIXME : How does the False operator come into the picture ?
-                       // FIXME : This doesn't look complete and very correct !
-                       if (target == TypeManager.bool_type)
-                               op_name = "op_True";
-                       else
-                               op_name = "op_Implicit";
-                       
-                       mg1 = MemberLookup (ec, source_type, op_name, false, loc);
-
-                       if (source_type.BaseType != null)
-                               mg2 = MemberLookup (ec, source_type.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
-                       
-                       mg3 = MemberLookup (ec, target, op_name, false, loc);
-
-                       if (target.BaseType != null)
-                               mg4 = MemberLookup (ec, target.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
-
-                       MethodGroupExpr union1 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg1, mg2);
-                       MethodGroupExpr union2 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg3, mg4);
-
-                       MethodGroupExpr union3 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (union1, union2);
-
-                       MethodGroupExpr union4 = null;
-
-                       if (look_for_explicit) {
-
-                               op_name = "op_Explicit";
-                               
-                               mg5 = MemberLookup (ec, source_type, op_name, false, loc);
-
-                               if (source_type.BaseType != null)
-                                       mg6 = MemberLookup (ec, source_type.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
-                               
-                               mg7 = MemberLookup (ec, target, op_name, false, loc);
-                               
-                               if (target.BaseType != null)
-                                       mg8 = MemberLookup (ec, target.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
-                               
-                               MethodGroupExpr union5 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg5, mg6);
-                               MethodGroupExpr union6 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg7, mg8);
-
-                               union4 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (union5, union6);
-                       }
-                       
-                       MethodGroupExpr union = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (union3, union4);
-
-                       if (union != null) {
-
-                               Type most_specific_source, most_specific_target;
-
-                               most_specific_source = FindMostEncompassedType (union, source_type);
-                               if (most_specific_source == null)
-                                       return null;
-
-                               most_specific_target = FindMostEncompassingType (union, target);
-                               if (most_specific_target == null) 
-                                       return null;
-                               
-                               int count = 0;
-                               
-                               for (int i = union.Methods.Length; i > 0;) {
-                                       i--;
-
-                                       MethodBase mb = union.Methods [i];
-                                       ParameterData pd = Invocation.GetParameterData (mb);
-                                       MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) union.Methods [i];
-
-                                       if (pd.ParameterType (0) == most_specific_source &&
-                                           mi.ReturnType == most_specific_target) {
-                                               method = mb;
-                                               count++;
-                                       }
-                               }
-
-                               if (method == null || count > 1) {
-                                       Report.Error (-11, loc, "Ambiguous user defined conversion");
-                                       return null;
-                               }
-                               
-                               //
-                               // This will do the conversion to the best match that we
-                               // found.  Now we need to perform an implict standard conversion
-                               // if the best match was not the type that we were requested
-                               // by target.
-                               //
-                               if (look_for_explicit)
-                                       source = ConvertExplicitStandard (ec, source, most_specific_source, loc);
-                               else
-                                       source = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, source,
-                                                                         most_specific_source, loc);
-
-                               if (source == null)
-                                       return null;
-                               
-                               e =  new UserCast ((MethodInfo) method, source);
-                               
-                               if (e.Type != target){
-                                       if (!look_for_explicit)
-                                               e = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, e, target, loc);
-                                       else
-                                               e = ConvertExplicitStandard (ec, e, target, loc);
-
-                                       return e;
-                               } else
-                                       return e;
-                       }
-                       
-                       return null;
-               }
-               
-               // <summary>
-               //   Converts implicitly the resolved expression `expr' into the
-               //   `target_type'.  It returns a new expression that can be used
-               //   in a context that expects a `target_type'. 
-               // </summary>
-               static public Expression ConvertImplicit (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
-                                                         Type target_type, Location loc)
-               {
-                       Type expr_type = expr.Type;
-                       Expression e;
-
-                       if (expr_type == target_type)
-                               return expr;
-
-                       e = ImplicitNumericConversion (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
-                       if (e != null)
-                               return e;
-
-                       e = ImplicitReferenceConversion (expr, target_type);
-                       if (e != null)
-                               return e;
-
-                       e = ImplicitUserConversion (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
-                       if (e != null)
-                               return e;
-
-                       if (target_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type) && expr is IntLiteral){
-                               IntLiteral i = (IntLiteral) expr;
-
-                               if (i.Value == 0)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                       }
-
-                       return null;
-               }
-
-               
-               // <summary>
-               //   Attempts to apply the `Standard Implicit
-               //   Conversion' rules to the expression `expr' into
-               //   the `target_type'.  It returns a new expression
-               //   that can be used in a context that expects a
-               //   `target_type'.
-               //
-               //   This is different from `ConvertImplicit' in that the
-               //   user defined implicit conversions are excluded. 
-               // </summary>
-               static public Expression ConvertImplicitStandard (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
-                                                                 Type target_type, Location loc)
-               {
-                       Type expr_type = expr.Type;
-                       Expression e;
-
-                       if (expr_type == target_type)
-                               return expr;
-
-                       e = ImplicitNumericConversion (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
-                       if (e != null)
-                               return e;
-
-                       e = ImplicitReferenceConversion (expr, target_type);
-                       if (e != null)
-                               return e;
-
-                       if (target_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type) && expr is IntLiteral){
-                               IntLiteral i = (IntLiteral) expr;
-
-                               if (i.Value == 0)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                       }
-                       return null;
-               }
-               // <summary>
-               //   Attemps to perform an implict constant conversion of the IntLiteral
-               //   into a different data type using casts (See Implicit Constant
-               //   Expression Conversions)
-               // </summary>
-               static protected Expression TryImplicitIntConversion (Type target_type, IntLiteral il)
-               {
-                       int value = il.Value;
-                       
-                       if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
-                               if (value >= SByte.MinValue && value <= SByte.MaxValue)
-                                       return il;
-                       } else if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
-                               if (Byte.MinValue >= 0 && value <= Byte.MaxValue)
-                                       return il;
-                       } else if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type){
-                               if (value >= Int16.MinValue && value <= Int16.MaxValue)
-                                       return il;
-                       } else if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
-                               if (value >= UInt16.MinValue && value <= UInt16.MaxValue)
-                                       return il;
-                       } else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
-                               //
-                               // we can optimize this case: a positive int32
-                               // always fits on a uint32
-                               //
-                               if (value >= 0)
-                                       return il;
-                       } else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
-                               //
-                               // we can optimize this case: a positive int32
-                               // always fits on a uint64.  But we need an opcode
-                               // to do it.
-                               //
-                               if (value >= 0)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (il, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                       }
-
-                       return null;
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   Attemptes to implicityly convert `target' into `type', using
-               //   ConvertImplicit.  If there is no implicit conversion, then
-               //   an error is signaled
-               // </summary>
-               static public Expression ConvertImplicitRequired (EmitContext ec, Expression target,
-                                                                 Type type, Location loc)
-               {
-                       Expression e;
-                       
-                       e = ConvertImplicit (ec, target, type, loc);
-                       if (e != null)
-                               return e;
-                       
-                       string msg = "Can not convert implicitly from `"+
-                               TypeManager.CSharpName (target.Type) + "' to `" +
-                               TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "'";
-
-                       Error (29, loc, msg);
-
-                       return null;
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   Performs the explicit numeric conversions
-               // </summary>
-               static Expression ConvertNumericExplicit (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
-                                                         Type target_type)
-               {
-                       Type expr_type = expr.Type;
-                       
-                       if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
-                               //
-                               // From sbyte to byte, ushort, uint, ulong, char
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
-                               //
-                               // From byte to sbyte and char
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type){
-                               //
-                               // From short to sbyte, byte, ushort, uint, ulong, char
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
-                               //
-                               // From ushort to sbyte, byte, short, char
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
-                               //
-                               // From int to sbyte, byte, short, ushort, uint, ulong, char
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
-                               //
-                               // From uint to sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, char
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
-                               //
-                               // From long to sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, ulong, char
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
-                               //
-                               // From ulong to sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, char
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type){
-                               //
-                               // From char to sbyte, byte, short
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type){
-                               //
-                               // From float to sbyte, byte, short,
-                               // ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char
-                               // or decimal
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
-                                       return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
-                       } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.double_type){
-                               //
-                               // From double to byte, byte, short,
-                               // ushort, int, uint, long, ulong,
-                               // char, float or decimal
-                               //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
-                                       return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
-                       } 
-
-                       // decimal is taken care of by the op_Explicit methods.
-
-                       return null;
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //  Returns whether an explicit reference conversion can be performed
-               //  from source_type to target_type
-               // </summary>
-               static bool ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (Type source_type, Type target_type)
-               {
-                       bool target_is_value_type = target_type.IsValueType;
-                       
-                       if (source_type == target_type)
-                               return true;
-                       
-                       //
-                       // From object to any reference type
-                       //
-                       if (source_type == TypeManager.object_type && !target_is_value_type)
-                               return true;
-                                       
-                       //
-                       // From any class S to any class-type T, provided S is a base class of T
-                       //
-                       if (target_type.IsSubclassOf (source_type))
-                               return true;
-
-                       //
-                       // From any interface type S to any interface T provided S is not derived from T
-                       //
-                       if (source_type.IsInterface && target_type.IsInterface){
-                               if (!target_type.IsSubclassOf (source_type))
-                                       return true;
-                       }
-                           
-                       //
-                       // From any class type S to any interface T, provides S is not sealed
-                       // and provided S does not implement T.
-                       //
-                       if (target_type.IsInterface && !source_type.IsSealed &&
-                           !target_type.IsAssignableFrom (source_type))
-                               return true;
-
-                       //
-                       // From any interface-type S to to any class type T, provided T is not
-                       // sealed, or provided T implements S.
-                       //
-                       if (source_type.IsInterface &&
-                           (!target_type.IsSealed || source_type.IsAssignableFrom (target_type)))
-                               return true;
-
-                       // From an array type S with an element type Se to an array type T with an 
-                       // element type Te provided all the following are true:
-                       //     * S and T differe only in element type, in other words, S and T
-                       //       have the same number of dimensions.
-                       //     * Both Se and Te are reference types
-                       //     * An explicit referenc conversions exist from Se to Te
-                       //
-                       if (source_type.IsArray && target_type.IsArray) {
-                               if (source_type.GetArrayRank () == target_type.GetArrayRank ()) {
-                                       
-                                       Type source_element_type = source_type.GetElementType ();
-                                       Type target_element_type = target_type.GetElementType ();
-                                       
-                                       if (!source_element_type.IsValueType && !target_element_type.IsValueType)
-                                               if (ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (source_element_type,
-                                                                                      target_element_type))
-                                                       return true;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       
-
-                       // From System.Array to any array-type
-                       if (source_type == TypeManager.array_type &&
-                           target_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.array_type)){
-                               return true;
-                       }
-
-                       //
-                       // From System delegate to any delegate-type
-                       //
-                       if (source_type == TypeManager.delegate_type &&
-                           target_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type))
-                               return true;
-
-                       //
-                       // From ICloneable to Array or Delegate types
-                       //
-                       if (source_type == TypeManager.icloneable_type &&
-                           (target_type == TypeManager.array_type ||
-                            target_type == TypeManager.delegate_type))
-                               return true;
-                       
-                       return false;
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   Implements Explicit Reference conversions
-               // </summary>
-               static Expression ConvertReferenceExplicit (Expression source, Type target_type)
-               {
-                       Type source_type = source.Type;
-                       bool target_is_value_type = target_type.IsValueType;
-                       
-                       //
-                       // From object to any reference type
-                       //
-                       if (source_type == TypeManager.object_type && !target_is_value_type)
-                               return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
-
-
-                       //
-                       // From any class S to any class-type T, provided S is a base class of T
-                       //
-                       if (target_type.IsSubclassOf (source_type))
-                               return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
-
-                       //
-                       // From any interface type S to any interface T provided S is not derived from T
-                       //
-                       if (source_type.IsInterface && target_type.IsInterface){
-
-                               Type [] ifaces = source_type.GetInterfaces ();
-
-                               if (TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (source_type, target_type))
-                                       return null;
-                               else
-                                       return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
-                       }
-                           
-                       //
-                       // From any class type S to any interface T, provides S is not sealed
-                       // and provided S does not implement T.
-                       //
-                       if (target_type.IsInterface && !source_type.IsSealed) {
-                               
-                               if (TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (source_type, target_type))
-                                       return null;
-                               else
-                                       return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
-                               
-                       }
-
-                       //
-                       // From any interface-type S to to any class type T, provided T is not
-                       // sealed, or provided T implements S.
-                       //
-                       if (source_type.IsInterface) {
-
-                               if (target_type.IsSealed)
-                                       return null;
-                               
-                               if (TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (target_type, source_type))
-                                       return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
-                               else
-                                       return null;
-                       }
-                       
-                       // From an array type S with an element type Se to an array type T with an 
-                       // element type Te provided all the following are true:
-                       //     * S and T differe only in element type, in other words, S and T
-                       //       have the same number of dimensions.
-                       //     * Both Se and Te are reference types
-                       //     * An explicit referenc conversions exist from Se to Te
-                       //
-                       if (source_type.IsArray && target_type.IsArray) {
-                               if (source_type.GetArrayRank () == target_type.GetArrayRank ()) {
-                                       
-                                       Type source_element_type = source_type.GetElementType ();
-                                       Type target_element_type = target_type.GetElementType ();
-                                       
-                                       if (!source_element_type.IsValueType && !target_element_type.IsValueType)
-                                               if (ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (source_element_type,
-                                                                                      target_element_type))
-                                                       return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
-                               }
-                       }
-                       
-
-                       // From System.Array to any array-type
-                       if (source_type == TypeManager.array_type &&
-                           target_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.array_type)){
-                               return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
-                       }
-
-                       //
-                       // From System delegate to any delegate-type
-                       //
-                       if (source_type == TypeManager.delegate_type &&
-                           target_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type))
-                               return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
-
-                       //
-                       // From ICloneable to Array or Delegate types
-                       //
-                       if (source_type == TypeManager.icloneable_type &&
-                           (target_type == TypeManager.array_type ||
-                            target_type == TypeManager.delegate_type))
-                               return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
-                       
-                       return null;
-               }
-               
-               // <summary>
-               //   Performs an explicit conversion of the expression `expr' whose
-               //   type is expr.Type to `target_type'.
-               // </summary>
-               static public Expression ConvertExplicit (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
-                                                         Type target_type, Location loc)
-               {
-                       Expression ne = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
-
-                       if (ne != null)
-                               return ne;
-
-                       ne = ConvertNumericExplicit (ec, expr, target_type);
-                       if (ne != null)
-                               return ne;
-
-                       ne = ConvertReferenceExplicit (expr, target_type);
-                       if (ne != null)
-                               return ne;
-
-                       ne = ExplicitUserConversion (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
-                       if (ne != null)
-                               return ne;
-
-                       Report.Error (30, loc, "Cannot convert type '" + TypeManager.CSharpName (expr.Type) + "' to '"
-                                     + TypeManager.CSharpName (target_type) + "'");
-                       return null;
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   Same as ConverExplicit, only it doesn't include user defined conversions
-               // </summary>
-               static public Expression ConvertExplicitStandard (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
-                                                                 Type target_type, Location l)
-               {
-                       Expression ne = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, expr, target_type, l);
-
-                       if (ne != null)
-                               return ne;
-
-                       ne = ConvertNumericExplicit (ec, expr, target_type);
-                       if (ne != null)
-                               return ne;
-
-                       ne = ConvertReferenceExplicit (expr, target_type);
-                       if (ne != null)
-                               return ne;
-
-                       Report.Error (30, l, "Cannot convert type '" +
-                                     TypeManager.CSharpName (expr.Type) + "' to '" + 
-                                     TypeManager.CSharpName (target_type) + "'");
-                       return null;
-               }
-
-               static string ExprClassName (ExprClass c)
-               {
-                       switch (c){
-                       case ExprClass.Invalid:
-                               return "Invalid";
-                       case ExprClass.Value:
-                               return "value";
-                       case ExprClass.Variable:
-                               return "variable";
-                       case ExprClass.Namespace:
-                               return "namespace";
-                       case ExprClass.Type:
-                               return "type";
-                       case ExprClass.MethodGroup:
-                               return "method group";
-                       case ExprClass.PropertyAccess:
-                               return "property access";
-                       case ExprClass.EventAccess:
-                               return "event access";
-                       case ExprClass.IndexerAccess:
-                               return "indexer access";
-                       case ExprClass.Nothing:
-                               return "null";
-                       }
-                       throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
-               }
-               
-               // <summary>
-               //   Reports that we were expecting `expr' to be of class `expected'
-               // </summary>
-               protected void report118 (Location loc, Expression expr, string expected)
-               {
-                       string kind = "Unknown";
-                       
-                       if (expr != null)
-                               kind = ExprClassName (expr.ExprClass);
-
-                       Error (118, loc, "Expression denotes a '" + kind +
-                              "' where an " + expected + " was expected");
-               }
-       }
 
-       // <summary>
-       //   This is just a base class for expressions that can
-       //   appear on statements (invocations, object creation,
-       //   assignments, post/pre increment and decrement).  The idea
-       //   being that they would support an extra Emition interface that
-       //   does not leave a result on the stack.
-       // </summary>
-
-       public abstract class ExpressionStatement : Expression {
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   Requests the expression to be emitted in a `statement'
-               //   context.  This means that no new value is left on the
-               //   stack after invoking this method (constrasted with
-               //   Emit that will always leave a value on the stack).
-               // </summary>
-               public abstract void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec);
-       }
+namespace CIR {
+       using System;
+       using System.Collections;
+       using System.Diagnostics;
+       using System.Reflection;
+       using System.Reflection.Emit;
+       using System.Text;
 
        // <summary>
-       //   This kind of cast is used to encapsulate the child
-       //   whose type is child.Type into an expression that is
-       //   reported to return "return_type".  This is used to encapsulate
-       //   expressions which have compatible types, but need to be dealt
-       //   at higher levels with.
-       //
-       //   For example, a "byte" expression could be encapsulated in one
-       //   of these as an "unsigned int".  The type for the expression
-       //   would be "unsigned int".
-       //
+       //   This is just a helper class, it is generated by Unary, UnaryMutator
+       //   when an overloaded method has been found.  It just emits the code for a
+       //   static call.
        // </summary>
-       
-       public class EmptyCast : Expression {
-               protected Expression child;
-
-               public EmptyCast (Expression child, Type return_type)
-               {
-                       ExprClass = child.ExprClass;
-                       type = return_type;
-                       this.child = child;
-               }
-
-               public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       // This should never be invoked, we are born in fully
-                       // initialized state.
-
-                       return this;
-               }
+       public class StaticCallExpr : ExpressionStatement {
+               ArrayList args;
+               MethodInfo mi;
 
-               public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
+               StaticCallExpr (MethodInfo m, ArrayList a)
                {
-                       child.Emit (ec);
-               }                       
-       }
-
-       // <summary>
-       //   This kind of cast is used to encapsulate Value Types in objects.
-       //
-       //   The effect of it is to box the value type emitted by the previous
-       //   operation.
-       // </summary>
-       public class BoxedCast : EmptyCast {
+                       mi = m;
+                       args = a;
 
-               public BoxedCast (Expression expr)
-                       : base (expr, TypeManager.object_type)
-               {
+                       type = m.ReturnType;
+                       eclass = ExprClass.Value;
                }
 
                public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       // This should never be invoked, we are born in fully
-                       // initialized state.
-
+                       //
+                       // We are born fully resolved
+                       //
                        return this;
                }
 
                public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       base.Emit (ec);
-                       ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Box, child.Type);
-               }
-       }
+                       if (args != null) 
+                               Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, mi, args);
 
-       // <summary>
-       //   This kind of cast is used to encapsulate a child expression
-       //   that can be trivially converted to a target type using one or 
-       //   two opcodes.  The opcodes are passed as arguments.
-       // </summary>
-       public class OpcodeCast : EmptyCast {
-               OpCode op, op2;
-               bool second_valid;
+                       ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, mi);
+                       return;
+               }
                
-               public OpcodeCast (Expression child, Type return_type, OpCode op)
-                       : base (child, return_type)
-                       
+               static public Expression MakeSimpleCall (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr mg,
+                                                        Expression e, Location loc)
                {
-                       this.op = op;
-                       second_valid = false;
-               }
-
-               public OpcodeCast (Expression child, Type return_type, OpCode op, OpCode op2)
-                       : base (child, return_type)
+                       ArrayList args;
+                       MethodBase method;
                        
-               {
-                       this.op = op;
-                       this.op2 = op2;
-                       second_valid = true;
-               }
-
-               public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       // This should never be invoked, we are born in fully
-                       // initialized state.
-
-                       return this;
-               }
-
-               public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       base.Emit (ec);
-                       ec.ig.Emit (op);
+                       args = new ArrayList (1);
+                       args.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
+                       method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, args, loc);
 
-                       if (second_valid)
-                               ec.ig.Emit (op2);
-               }                       
-               
-       }
+                       if (method == null)
+                               return null;
 
-       // <summary>
-       //   This kind of cast is used to encapsulate a child and cast it
-       //   to the class requested
-       // </summary>
-       public class ClassCast : EmptyCast {
-               public ClassCast (Expression child, Type return_type)
-                       : base (child, return_type)
-                       
-               {
+                       return new StaticCallExpr ((MethodInfo) method, args);
                }
 
-               public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
+               public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       // This should never be invoked, we are born in fully
-                       // initialized state.
-
-                       return this;
+                       Emit (ec);
+                       if (type != TypeManager.void_type)
+                               ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
                }
-
-               public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       base.Emit (ec);
-
-                       ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Castclass, type);
-               }                       
-               
        }
        
        // <summary>
@@ -1846,17 +84,14 @@ namespace CIR {
        //   ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
        //   operators can be used in a statement context.
        // </remarks>
-       public class Unary : ExpressionStatement {
-               public enum Operator {
+       public class Unary : Expression {
+               public enum Operator : byte {
                        UnaryPlus, UnaryNegation, LogicalNot, OnesComplement,
-                       Indirection, AddressOf, PreIncrement,
-                       PreDecrement, PostIncrement, PostDecrement 
+                       Indirection, AddressOf, 
                }
 
                Operator   oper;
                Expression expr;
-               ArrayList  Arguments;
-               MethodBase method;
                Location   loc;
                
                public Unary (Operator op, Expression expr, Location loc)
@@ -1903,22 +138,10 @@ namespace CIR {
                        case Operator.AddressOf:
                                return "&";
                        case Operator.Indirection:
-                               return "*";
-                       case Operator.PreIncrement : case Operator.PostIncrement :
-                               return "++";
-                       case Operator.PreDecrement : case Operator.PostDecrement :
-                               return "--";
-                       }
-
-                       return oper.ToString ();
-               }
-
-               Expression ForceConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression expr, Type target_type)
-               {
-                       if (expr.Type == target_type)
-                               return expr;
+                               return "*";
+                       }
 
-                       return ConvertImplicit (ec, expr, target_type, new Location (-1));
+                       return oper.ToString ();
                }
 
                void error23 (Type t)
@@ -1929,28 +152,26 @@ namespace CIR {
                                TypeManager.CSharpName (t) + "'");
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //   Returns whether an object of type `t' can be incremented
-               //   or decremented with add/sub (ie, basically whether we can
-               //   use pre-post incr-decr operations on it, but it is not a
-               //   System.Decimal, which we test elsewhere)
-               // </summary>
-               static bool IsIncrementableNumber (Type t)
+               static Expression TryReduceNegative (Expression expr)
                {
-                       return (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
-                               (t == TypeManager.byte_type) ||
-                               (t == TypeManager.short_type) ||
-                               (t == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
-                               (t == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
-                               (t == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
-                               (t == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
-                               (t == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
-                               (t == TypeManager.char_type) ||
-                               (t.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)) ||
-                               (t == TypeManager.float_type) ||
-                               (t == TypeManager.double_type);
-               }
+                       Expression e = null;
                        
+                       if (expr is IntLiteral)
+                               e = new IntLiteral (-((IntLiteral) expr).Value);
+                       else if (expr is UIntLiteral)
+                               e = new LongLiteral (-((UIntLiteral) expr).Value);
+                       else if (expr is LongLiteral)
+                               e = new LongLiteral (-((LongLiteral) expr).Value);
+                       else if (expr is FloatLiteral)
+                               e = new FloatLiteral (-((FloatLiteral) expr).Value);
+                       else if (expr is DoubleLiteral)
+                               e = new DoubleLiteral (-((DoubleLiteral) expr).Value);
+                       else if (expr is DecimalLiteral)
+                               e = new DecimalLiteral (-((DecimalLiteral) expr).Value);
+
+                       return e;
+               }
+               
                Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        Type expr_type = expr.Type;
@@ -1961,12 +182,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                        Expression mg;
                        string op_name;
                        
-                       if (oper == Operator.PostIncrement || oper == Operator.PreIncrement)
-                               op_name = "op_Increment";
-                       else if (oper == Operator.PostDecrement || oper == Operator.PreDecrement)
-                               op_name = "op_Decrement";
-                       else
-                               op_name = "op_" + oper;
+                       op_name = "op_" + oper;
 
                        mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type, op_name, false, loc);
                        
@@ -1974,20 +190,15 @@ namespace CIR {
                                mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
                        
                        if (mg != null) {
-                               Arguments = new ArrayList ();
-                               Arguments.Add (new Argument (expr, Argument.AType.Expression));
-                               
-                               method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg,
-                                                                    Arguments, loc);
-                               if (method != null) {
-                                       MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) method;
-                                       type = mi.ReturnType;
-                                       return this;
-                               } else {
+                               Expression e = StaticCallExpr.MakeSimpleCall (
+                                       ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, expr, loc);
+
+                               if (e == null){
                                        error23 (expr_type);
                                        return null;
                                }
-                                       
+                               
+                               return e;
                        }
 
                        //
@@ -1995,7 +206,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                        //
 
                        // Only perform numeric promotions on:
-                       // +, -, ++, --
+                       // +, - 
 
                        if (expr_type == null)
                                return null;
@@ -2048,16 +259,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                                //
                                // Is this a constant? 
                                //
-                               if (expr is IntLiteral)
-                                       e = new IntLiteral (-((IntLiteral) expr).Value);
-                               else if (expr is LongLiteral)
-                                       e = new LongLiteral (-((LongLiteral) expr).Value);
-                               else if (expr is FloatLiteral)
-                                       e = new FloatLiteral (-((FloatLiteral) expr).Value);
-                               else if (expr is DoubleLiteral)
-                                       e = new DoubleLiteral (-((DoubleLiteral) expr).Value);
-                               else if (expr is DecimalLiteral)
-                                       e = new DecimalLiteral (-((DecimalLiteral) expr).Value);
+                               e = TryReduceNegative (expr);
                                
                                if (e != null){
                                        e = e.Resolve (ec);
@@ -2121,47 +323,19 @@ namespace CIR {
                                return null;
                        }
 
-                       //
-                       // The operand of the prefix/postfix increment decrement operators
-                       // should be an expression that is classified as a variable,
-                       // a property access or an indexer access
-                       //
-                       if (oper == Operator.PreDecrement || oper == Operator.PreIncrement ||
-                           oper == Operator.PostDecrement || oper == Operator.PostIncrement){
-                               if (expr.ExprClass == ExprClass.Variable){
-                                       if (IsIncrementableNumber (expr_type) ||
-                                           expr_type == TypeManager.decimal_type){
-                                               type = expr_type;
-                                               return this;
-                                       }
-                               } else if (expr.ExprClass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess){
-                                       //
-                                       // FIXME: Verify that we have both get and set methods
-                                       //
-                                       throw new Exception ("Implement me");
-                               } else if (expr.ExprClass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess){
-                                       PropertyExpr pe = (PropertyExpr) expr;
-                                       
-                                       if (pe.VerifyAssignable ())
-                                               return this;
-                                       return null;
-                               } else {
-                                       report118 (loc, expr, "variable, indexer or property access");
-                               }
-                       }
-
                        if (oper == Operator.AddressOf){
                                if (expr.ExprClass != ExprClass.Variable){
-                                       Error (211, "Cannot take the address of non-variables");
+                                       Error (211, loc, "Cannot take the address of non-variables");
                                        return null;
                                }
                                type = Type.GetType (expr.Type.ToString () + "*");
+
+                               return this;
                        }
                        
-                       Error (187, "No such operator '" + OperName () + "' defined for type '" +
+                       Error (187, loc, "No such operator '" + OperName () + "' defined for type '" +
                               TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + "'");
                        return null;
-
                }
 
                public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
@@ -2179,41 +353,6 @@ namespace CIR {
                {
                        ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
                        Type expr_type = expr.Type;
-                       ExprClass eclass;
-                       
-                       if (method != null) {
-
-                               // Note that operators are static anyway
-                               
-                               if (Arguments != null) 
-                                       Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, Arguments);
-
-                               //
-                               // Post increment/decrement operations need a copy at this
-                               // point.
-                               //
-                               if (oper == Operator.PostDecrement || oper == Operator.PostIncrement)
-                                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
-                               
-
-                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
-
-                               //
-                               // Pre Increment and Decrement operators
-                               //
-                               if (oper == Operator.PreIncrement || oper == Operator.PreDecrement){
-                                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
-                               }
-                               
-                               //
-                               // Increment and Decrement should store the result
-                               //
-                               if (oper == Operator.PreDecrement || oper == Operator.PreIncrement ||
-                                   oper == Operator.PostDecrement || oper == Operator.PostIncrement){
-                                       ((IStackStore) expr).Store (ec);
-                               }
-                               return;
-                       }
                        
                        switch (oper) {
                        case Operator.UnaryPlus:
@@ -2242,68 +381,292 @@ namespace CIR {
                        case Operator.Indirection:
                                throw new Exception ("Not implemented yet");
                                
-                       case Operator.PreIncrement:
-                       case Operator.PreDecrement:
-                               if (expr.ExprClass == ExprClass.Variable){
-                                       //
-                                       // Resolve already verified that it is an "incrementable"
-                                       // 
+                       default:
+                               throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
+                                                    + oper.ToString ());
+                       }
+               }
+
+               // <summary>
+               //   This will emit the child expression for `ec' avoiding the logical
+               //   not.  The parent will take care of changing brfalse/brtrue
+               // </summary>
+               public void EmitLogicalNot (EmitContext ec)
+               {
+                       if (oper != Operator.LogicalNot)
+                               throw new Exception ("EmitLogicalNot can only be called with !expr");
+
+                       expr.Emit (ec);
+               }
+               
+               public override Expression Reduce (EmitContext ec)
+               {
+                       Expression e;
+                       
+                       //
+                       // First, reduce our child.  Note that although we handle 
+                       //
+                       expr = expr.Reduce (ec);
+                       if (!(expr is Literal))
+                               return expr;
+                       
+                       switch (oper){
+                       case Operator.UnaryPlus:
+                               return expr;
+                               
+                       case Operator.UnaryNegation:
+                               e = TryReduceNegative (expr);
+                               if (e == null)
+                                       break;
+                               return e;
+                               
+                       case Operator.LogicalNot:
+                               BoolLiteral b = (BoolLiteral) expr;
+
+                               return new BoolLiteral (!(b.Value));
+                               
+                       case Operator.OnesComplement:
+                               Type et = expr.Type;
+                               
+                               if (et == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                                       return new IntLiteral (~ ((IntLiteral) expr).Value);
+                               if (et == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                                       return new UIntLiteral (~ ((UIntLiteral) expr).Value);
+                               if (et == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                                       return new LongLiteral (~ ((LongLiteral) expr).Value);
+                               if (et == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                                       return new ULongLiteral (~ ((ULongLiteral) expr).Value);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       return this;
+               }
+       }
+
+       // <summary>
+       //   Unary Mutator expressions (pre and post ++ and --)
+       // </summary>
+       //
+       // <remarks>
+       //   UnaryMutator implements ++ and -- expressions.   It derives from
+       //   ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
+       //   operators can be used in a statement context.
+       // </remarks>
+       //
+       // FIXME: Idea, we could split this up in two classes, one simpler
+       // for the common case, and one with the extra fields for more complex
+       // classes (indexers require temporary access;  overloaded require method)
+       //
+       // Maybe we should have classes PreIncrement, PostIncrement, PreDecrement,
+       // PostDecrement, that way we could save the `Mode' byte as well.  
+       //
+       public class UnaryMutator : ExpressionStatement {
+               public enum Mode : byte {
+                       PreIncrement, PreDecrement, PostIncrement, PostDecrement
+               }
+               
+               Mode mode;
+               Location loc;
+               Expression expr;
+               LocalTemporary temp_storage;
+
+               //
+               // This is expensive for the simplest case.
+               //
+               Expression method;
+                       
+               public UnaryMutator (Mode m, Expression e, Location l)
+               {
+                       mode = m;
+                       loc = l;
+                       expr = e;
+               }
+
+               string OperName ()
+               {
+                       return (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PostIncrement) ?
+                               "++" : "--";
+               }
+               
+               void error23 (Type t)
+               {
+                       Report.Error (
+                               23, loc, "Operator " + OperName () + 
+                               " cannot be applied to operand of type `" +
+                               TypeManager.CSharpName (t) + "'");
+               }
+
+               // <summary>
+               //   Returns whether an object of type `t' can be incremented
+               //   or decremented with add/sub (ie, basically whether we can
+               //   use pre-post incr-decr operations on it, but it is not a
+               //   System.Decimal, which we require operator overloading to catch)
+               // </summary>
+               static bool IsIncrementableNumber (Type t)
+               {
+                       return (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
+                               (t == TypeManager.byte_type) ||
+                               (t == TypeManager.short_type) ||
+                               (t == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
+                               (t == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
+                               (t == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
+                               (t == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
+                               (t == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
+                               (t == TypeManager.char_type) ||
+                               (t.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)) ||
+                               (t == TypeManager.float_type) ||
+                               (t == TypeManager.double_type);
+               }
+
+               Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
+               {
+                       Type expr_type = expr.Type;
+
+                       //
+                       // Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
+                       //
+                       Expression mg;
+                       string op_name;
+                       
+                       if (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PostIncrement)
+                               op_name = "op_Increment";
+                       else 
+                               op_name = "op_Decrement";
+
+                       mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type, op_name, false, loc);
+
+                       if (mg == null && expr_type.BaseType != null)
+                               mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
+                       
+                       if (mg != null) {
+                               method = StaticCallExpr.MakeSimpleCall (
+                                       ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, expr, loc);
+
+                               type = method.Type;
+                               return this;
+                       }
+
+                       //
+                       // The operand of the prefix/postfix increment decrement operators
+                       // should be an expression that is classified as a variable,
+                       // a property access or an indexer access
+                       //
+                       type = expr_type;
+                       if (expr.ExprClass == ExprClass.Variable){
+                               if (IsIncrementableNumber (expr_type) ||
+                                   expr_type == TypeManager.decimal_type){
+                                       return this;
+                               }
+                       } else if (expr.ExprClass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess){
+                               IndexerAccess ia = (IndexerAccess) expr;
+                               
+                               temp_storage = new LocalTemporary (ec, expr.Type);
+                               
+                               expr = ia.ResolveLValue (ec, temp_storage);
+                               if (expr == null)
+                                       return null;
+
+                               return this;
+                       } else if (expr.ExprClass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess){
+                               PropertyExpr pe = (PropertyExpr) expr;
+
+                               if (pe.VerifyAssignable ())
+                                       return this;
+
+                               return null;
+                       } else {
+                               report118 (loc, expr, "variable, indexer or property access");
+                               return null;
+                       }
+
+                       Error (187, loc, "No such operator '" + OperName () + "' defined for type '" +
+                              TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + "'");
+                       return null;
+               }
+
+               public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
+               {
+                       expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
+                       
+                       if (expr == null)
+                               return null;
+
+                       eclass = ExprClass.Value;
+                       return ResolveOperator (ec);
+               }
+               
+
+               //
+               // FIXME: We need some way of avoiding the use of temp_storage
+               // for some types of storage (parameters, local variables,
+               // static fields) and single-dimension array access.
+               //
+               void EmitCode (EmitContext ec, bool is_expr)
+               {
+                       ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
+                       IAssignMethod ia = (IAssignMethod) expr;
+
+                       if (temp_storage == null)
+                               temp_storage = new LocalTemporary (ec, expr.Type);
+                       
+                       switch (mode){
+                       case Mode.PreIncrement:
+                       case Mode.PreDecrement:
+                               if (method == null){
                                        expr.Emit (ec);
+
                                        ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
-                                       
-                                       if (oper == Operator.PreDecrement)
+                               
+                                       if (mode == Mode.PreDecrement)
                                                ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
                                        else
                                                ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
-                                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
-                                       ((IStackStore) expr).Store (ec);
-                               } else {
-                                       throw new Exception ("Handle Indexers and Properties here");
-                               }
+                               } else
+                                       method.Emit (ec);
+                               
+                               temp_storage.Store (ec);
+                               ia.EmitAssign (ec, temp_storage);
+                               if (is_expr)
+                                       temp_storage.Emit (ec);
                                break;
                                
-                       case Operator.PostIncrement:
-                       case Operator.PostDecrement:
-                               eclass = expr.ExprClass;
-                               if (eclass == ExprClass.Variable){
-                                       //
-                                       // Resolve already verified that it is an "incrementable"
-                                       // 
+                       case Mode.PostIncrement:
+                       case Mode.PostDecrement:
+                               if (is_expr)
                                        expr.Emit (ec);
-                                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
+                               
+                               if (method == null){
+                                       if (!is_expr)
+                                               expr.Emit (ec);
+                                       else
+                                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
+
                                        ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
-                                       
-                                       if (oper == Operator.PostDecrement)
+                               
+                                       if (mode == Mode.PostDecrement)
                                                ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
                                        else
                                                ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
-                                       ((IStackStore) expr).Store (ec);
-                               } else if (eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess){
-                                       throw new Exception ("Handle Properties here");
-                               } else if (eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess) {
-                                       throw new Exception ("Handle Indexers here");
                                } else {
-                                       Console.WriteLine ("Unknown exprclass: " + eclass);
+                                       method.Emit (ec);
                                }
-                               break;
                                
-                       default:
-                               throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
-                                                    + oper.ToString ());
+                               temp_storage.Store (ec);
+                               ia.EmitAssign (ec, temp_storage);
+                               break;
                        }
                }
-               
 
+               public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
+               {
+                       EmitCode (ec, true);
+                       
+               }
+               
                public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       //
-                       // FIXME: we should rewrite this code to generate
-                       // better code for ++ and -- as we know we wont need
-                       // the values on the stack
-                       //
-                       Emit (ec);
-                       ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
+                       EmitCode (ec, false);
                }
+
        }
        
        public class Probe : Expression {
@@ -2312,7 +675,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                Expression expr;
                Type probe_type;
                
-               public enum Operator {
+               public enum Operator : byte {
                        Is, As
                }
                
@@ -2420,7 +783,7 @@ namespace CIR {
        }
 
        public class Binary : Expression {
-               public enum Operator {
+               public enum Operator : byte {
                        Multiply, Division, Modulus,
                        Addition, Subtraction,
                        LeftShift, RightShift,
@@ -2535,7 +898,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                // Note that handling the case l == Decimal || r == Decimal
                // is taken care of by the Step 1 Operator Overload resolution.
                //
-               void DoNumericPromotions (EmitContext ec, Type l, Type r)
+               bool DoNumericPromotions (EmitContext ec, Type l, Type r)
                {
                        if (l == TypeManager.double_type || r == TypeManager.double_type){
                                //
@@ -2646,21 +1009,20 @@ namespace CIR {
                                Expression l_tmp, r_tmp;
 
                                l_tmp = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int32_type);
-                               if (l_tmp == null) {
-                                       error19 ();
-                                       left = l_tmp;
-                                       return;
-                               }
+                               if (l_tmp == null)
+                                       return false;
                                
                                r_tmp = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int32_type);
-                               if (r_tmp == null) {
-                                       error19 ();
-                                       right = r_tmp;
-                                       return;
-                               }
+                               if (r_tmp == null)
+                                       return false;
+
+                               left = l_tmp;
+                               right = r_tmp;
                                
                                type = TypeManager.int32_type;
                        }
+
+                       return true;
                }
 
                void error19 ()
@@ -2724,7 +1086,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                                Arguments = new ArrayList ();
                                Arguments.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
                                Arguments.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
-                               
+
                                method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (ec, union, Arguments, loc);
                                if (method != null) {
                                        MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) method;
@@ -2749,6 +1111,13 @@ namespace CIR {
                                //
                                if (l == TypeManager.string_type){
                                        if (r == TypeManager.string_type){
+                                               if (left is Literal && right is Literal){
+                                                       StringLiteral ls = (StringLiteral) left;
+                                                       StringLiteral rs = (StringLiteral) right;
+                                                       
+                                                       return new StringLiteral (ls.Value + rs.Value);
+                                               }
+                                               
                                                // string + string
                                                method = TypeManager.string_concat_string_string;
                                        } else {
@@ -2787,18 +1156,58 @@ namespace CIR {
                                return CheckShiftArguments (ec);
 
                        if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr || oper == Operator.LogicalAnd){
-                               if (l != TypeManager.bool_type || r != TypeManager.bool_type)
+                               if (l != TypeManager.bool_type || r != TypeManager.bool_type){
                                        error19 ();
+                                       return null;
+                               }
 
                                type = TypeManager.bool_type;
                                return this;
                        } 
 
+                       if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality){
+                               if (l == TypeManager.bool_type || r == TypeManager.bool_type){
+                                       if (r != TypeManager.bool_type || l != TypeManager.bool_type){
+                                               error19 ();
+                                               return null;
+                                       }
+                                       
+                                       type = TypeManager.bool_type;
+                                       return this;
+                               }
+
+                       }
+
                        //
                        // We are dealing with numbers
                        //
 
-                       DoNumericPromotions (ec, l, r);
+                       if (!DoNumericPromotions (ec, l, r)){
+                               // Attempt:
+                               //
+                               // operator != (object a, object b)
+                               // operator == (object a, object b)
+                               //
+
+                               if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality){
+                                       Expression li, ri;
+                                       li = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.object_type, loc);
+                                       if (li != null){
+                                               ri = ConvertImplicit (ec, right, TypeManager.object_type,
+                                                                     loc);
+                                               if (ri != null){
+                                                       left = li;
+                                                       right = ri;
+                                                       
+                                                       type = TypeManager.bool_type;
+                                                       return this;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               error19 ();
+                               return null;
+                       }
 
                        if (left == null || right == null)
                                return null;
@@ -2948,7 +1357,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                                // Note that operators are static anyway
                                
                                if (Arguments != null) 
-                                       Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, Arguments);
+                                       Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments);
                                
                                if (method is MethodInfo)
                                        ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
@@ -3075,6 +1484,30 @@ namespace CIR {
 
                        ig.Emit (opcode);
                }
+
+               // <summary>
+               //   Constant expression reducer for binary operations
+               // </summary>
+               public override Expression Reduce (EmitContext ec)
+               {
+                       
+                       left = left.Reduce (ec);
+                       right = right.Reduce (ec);
+
+                       if (!(left is Literal && right is Literal))
+                               return this;
+
+                       if (method == TypeManager.string_concat_string_string){
+                               StringLiteral ls = (StringLiteral) left;
+                               StringLiteral rs = (StringLiteral) right;
+                               
+                               return new StringLiteral (ls.Value + rs.Value);
+                       }
+
+                       // FINISH ME.
+                       
+                       return this;
+               }
        }
 
        public class Conditional : Expression {
@@ -3120,7 +1553,7 @@ namespace CIR {
 
                        if (expr == null || trueExpr == null || falseExpr == null)
                                return null;
-                       
+
                        if (trueExpr.Type == falseExpr.Type)
                                type = trueExpr.Type;
                        else {
@@ -3146,6 +1579,15 @@ namespace CIR {
                                }
                        }
 
+                       if (expr is BoolLiteral){
+                               BoolLiteral bl = (BoolLiteral) expr;
+
+                               if (bl.Value)
+                                       return trueExpr;
+                               else
+                                       return falseExpr;
+                       }
+                       
                        eclass = ExprClass.Value;
                        return this;
                }
@@ -3164,159 +1606,26 @@ namespace CIR {
                        falseExpr.Emit (ec);
                        ig.MarkLabel (end_target);
                }
-       }
-
-       //
-       // SimpleName expressions are initially formed of a single
-       // word and it only happens at the beginning of the expression.
-       //
-       // The expression will try to be bound to a Field, a Method
-       // group or a Property.  If those fail we pass the name to our
-       // caller and the SimpleName is compounded to perform a type
-       // lookup.  The idea behind this process is that we want to avoid
-       // creating a namespace map from the assemblies, as that requires
-       // the GetExportedTypes function to be called and a hashtable to
-       // be constructed which reduces startup time.  If later we find
-       // that this is slower, we should create a `NamespaceExpr' expression
-       // that fully participates in the resolution process. 
-       //
-       // For example `System.Console.WriteLine' is decomposed into
-       // MemberAccess (MemberAccess (SimpleName ("System"), "Console"), "WriteLine")
-       //
-       // The first SimpleName wont produce a match on its own, so it will
-       // be turned into:
-       // MemberAccess (SimpleName ("System.Console"), "WriteLine").
-       //
-       // System.Console will produce a TypeExpr match.
-       //
-       // The downside of this is that we might be hitting `LookupType' too many
-       // times with this scheme.
-       //
-       public class SimpleName : Expression {
-               public readonly string Name;
-               public readonly Location Location;
-               
-               public SimpleName (string name, Location l)
-               {
-                       Name = name;
-                       Location = l;
-               }
-
-               public static void Error120 (Location l, string name)
-               {
-                       Report.Error (
-                               120, l,
-                               "An object reference is required " +
-                               "for the non-static field `"+name+"'");
-               }
-               
-               //
-               // Checks whether we are trying to access an instance
-               // property, method or field from a static body.
-               //
-               Expression MemberStaticCheck (Expression e)
-               {
-                       if (e is FieldExpr){
-                               FieldInfo fi = ((FieldExpr) e).FieldInfo;
-                               
-                               if (!fi.IsStatic){
-                                       Error120 (Location, Name);
-                                       return null;
-                               }
-                       } else if (e is MethodGroupExpr){
-                               MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) e;
-
-                               if (!mg.RemoveInstanceMethods ()){
-                                       Error120 (Location, mg.Methods [0].Name);
-                                       return null;
-                               }
-                               return e;
-                       } else if (e is PropertyExpr){
-                               if (!((PropertyExpr) e).IsStatic){
-                                       Error120 (Location, Name);
-                                       return null;
-                               }
-                       }
 
-                       return e;
-               }
-               
-               //
-               // 7.5.2: Simple Names. 
-               //
-               // Local Variables and Parameters are handled at
-               // parse time, so they never occur as SimpleNames.
-               //
-               public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
+               public override Expression Reduce (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       Expression e;
-
-                       //
-                       // Stage 1: Performed by the parser (binding to local or parameters).
-                       //
-
-                       //
-                       // Stage 2: Lookup members
-                       //
-                       e = MemberLookup (ec, ec.TypeContainer.TypeBuilder, Name, true, Location);
-                       if (e == null){
-                               //
-                               // Stage 3: Lookup symbol in the various namespaces. 
-                               // 
-                               Type t;
-                               
-                               if ((t = ec.TypeContainer.LookupType (Name, true)) != null)
-                                       return new TypeExpr (t);
+                       expr = expr.Reduce (ec);
+                       trueExpr = trueExpr.Reduce (ec);
+                       falseExpr = falseExpr.Reduce (ec);
 
-                               //
-                               // Stage 3 part b: Lookup up if we are an alias to a type
-                               // or a namespace.
-                               //
-                               // Since we are cheating: we only do the Alias lookup for
-                               // namespaces if the name does not include any dots in it
-                               //
-                               
-                               // IMPLEMENT ME.  Read mcs/mcs/TODO for ideas, or rewrite
-                               // using NamespaceExprs (dunno how that fixes the alias
-                               // per-file though).
-                               
-                               // No match, maybe our parent can compose us
-                               // into something meaningful.
-                               //
+                       if (!(expr is Literal && trueExpr is Literal && falseExpr is Literal))
                                return this;
-                       }
-
-                       // Step 2, continues here.
-                       if (e is TypeExpr)
-                               return e;
 
-                       if (e is FieldExpr){
-                               FieldExpr fe = (FieldExpr) e;
-                               
-                               if (!fe.FieldInfo.IsStatic)
-                                       fe.InstanceExpression = new This (Location.Null);
-                       }                               
+                       BoolLiteral bl = (BoolLiteral) expr;
 
-                       if (ec.IsStatic)
-                               return MemberStaticCheck (e);
+                       if (bl.Value)
+                               return trueExpr;
                        else
-                               return e;
-               }
-
-               public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       //
-                       // If this is ever reached, then we failed to
-                       // find the name as a namespace
-                       //
-
-                       Error (103, Location, "The name `" + Name +
-                              "' does not exist in the class `" +
-                              ec.TypeContainer.Name + "'");
+                               return falseExpr;
                }
        }
-       
-       public class LocalVariableReference : Expression, IStackStore, IMemoryLocation {
+
+       public class LocalVariableReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation {
                public readonly string Name;
                public readonly Block Block;
 
@@ -3406,21 +1715,23 @@ namespace CIR {
                                break;
                        }
                }
-               
-               public void Store (EmitContext ec)
+
+               public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
                {
                        ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
                        VariableInfo vi = VariableInfo;
 
                        vi.Assigned = true;
 
-                       // Funny seems the above generates optimal code for us, but
+                       source.Emit (ec);
+                       
+                       // Funny seems the code below generates optimal code for us, but
                        // seems to take too long to generate what we need.
                        // ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, vi.LocalBuilder);
 
                        Store (ig, vi.Idx);
                }
-
+               
                public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        VariableInfo vi = VariableInfo;
@@ -3436,7 +1747,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                }
        }
 
-       public class ParameterReference : Expression, IStackStore, IMemoryLocation {
+       public class ParameterReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation {
                public readonly Parameters Pars;
                public readonly String Name;
                public readonly int Idx;
@@ -3471,8 +1782,10 @@ namespace CIR {
                                ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg, arg_idx);
                }
 
-               public void Store (EmitContext ec)
+               public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
                {
+                       source.Emit (ec);
+                       
                        if (arg_idx <= 255)
                                ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg_S, (byte) arg_idx);
                        else
@@ -3493,7 +1806,7 @@ namespace CIR {
        //   Used for arguments to New(), Invocation()
        // </summary>
        public class Argument {
-               public enum AType {
+               public enum AType : byte {
                        Expression,
                        Ref,
                        Out
@@ -3501,7 +1814,7 @@ namespace CIR {
 
                public readonly AType ArgType;
                public Expression expr;
-
+               
                public Argument (Expression expr, AType type)
                {
                        this.expr = expr;
@@ -3537,29 +1850,34 @@ namespace CIR {
 
                public static string FullDesc (Argument a)
                {
-                       StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder ();
-
-                       if (a.ArgType == AType.Ref)
-                               sb.Append ("ref ");
-
-                       if (a.ArgType == AType.Out)
-                               sb.Append ("out ");
-
-                       sb.Append (TypeManager.CSharpName (a.Expr.Type));
-
-                       return sb.ToString ();
+                       return (a.ArgType == AType.Ref ? "ref " :
+                               (a.ArgType == AType.Out ? "out " : "")) +
+                               TypeManager.CSharpName (a.Expr.Type);
                }
                
-               public bool Resolve (EmitContext ec)
+               public bool Resolve (EmitContext ec, Location loc)
                {
                        expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
 
+                       if (ArgType == AType.Expression)
+                               return expr != null;
+
+                       if (expr.ExprClass != ExprClass.Variable){
+                               Report.Error (206, loc,
+                                             "A property or indexer can not be passed as an out or ref " +
+                                             "parameter");
+                               return false;
+                       }
+                               
                        return expr != null;
                }
 
                public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       expr.Emit (ec);
+                       if (ArgType == AType.Ref || ArgType == AType.Out)
+                               ((IMemoryLocation)expr).AddressOf (ec);
+                       else
+                               expr.Emit (ec);
                }
        }
 
@@ -3568,7 +1886,7 @@ namespace CIR {
        // </summary>
        public class Invocation : ExpressionStatement {
                public readonly ArrayList Arguments;
-               public readonly Location Location;
+               Location loc;
 
                Expression expr;
                MethodBase method = null;
@@ -3591,7 +1909,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                {
                        this.expr = expr;
                        Arguments = arguments;
-                       Location = l;
+                       loc = l;
                }
 
                public Expression Expr {
@@ -4092,7 +2410,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                                argument_count = 0;
                        else
                                argument_count = Arguments.Count;
-
+                       
                        //
                        // Now we see if we can find params functions, applicable in their expanded form
                        // since if they were applicable in their normal form, they would have been selected
@@ -4160,11 +2478,9 @@ namespace CIR {
                                        Expression conv;
                                        
                                        if (use_standard)
-                                               conv = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, a_expr, parameter_type,
-                                                                               Location.Null);
+                                               conv = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, a_expr, parameter_type, Location.Null);
                                        else
-                                               conv = ConvertImplicit (ec, a_expr, parameter_type,
-                                                                       Location.Null);
+                                               conv = ConvertImplicit (ec, a_expr, parameter_type, Location.Null);
 
                                        if (conv == null) {
                                                if (!Location.IsNull (loc)) {
@@ -4235,12 +2551,12 @@ namespace CIR {
                                        bool IsDelegate = TypeManager.IsDelegateType (expr_type);
                                        if (IsDelegate)
                                                return (new DelegateInvocation (
-                                                       this.expr, Arguments, Location)).Resolve (ec);
+                                                       this.expr, Arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
                                }
                        }
 
                        if (!(expr is MethodGroupExpr)){
-                               report118 (Location, this.expr, "method group");
+                               report118 (loc, this.expr, "method group");
                                return null;
                        }
 
@@ -4252,16 +2568,15 @@ namespace CIR {
                                        --i;
                                        Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
 
-                                       if (!a.Resolve (ec))
+                                       if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
                                                return null;
                                }
                        }
 
-                       method = OverloadResolve (ec, (MethodGroupExpr) this.expr, Arguments,
-                                                 Location);
+                       method = OverloadResolve (ec, (MethodGroupExpr) this.expr, Arguments, loc);
 
                        if (method == null){
-                               Error (-6, Location,
+                               Error (-6, loc,
                                       "Could not find any applicable function for this argument list");
                                return null;
                        }
@@ -4273,18 +2588,69 @@ namespace CIR {
                        return this;
                }
 
-               public static void EmitArguments (EmitContext ec, ArrayList Arguments)
+               // <summary>
+               //   Emits the list of arguments as an array
+               // </summary>
+               static void EmitParams (EmitContext ec, int idx, ArrayList arguments)
+               {
+                       ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
+                       int count = arguments.Count - idx;
+                       Argument a = (Argument) arguments [idx];
+                       Type t = a.expr.Type;
+                       string array_type = t.FullName + "[]";
+                       LocalBuilder array;
+                       
+                       array = ig.DeclareLocal (Type.GetType (array_type));
+                       IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, count);
+                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, t);
+                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, array);
+
+                       int top = arguments.Count;
+                       for (int j = idx; j < top; j++){
+                               a = (Argument) arguments [j];
+                               
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, array);
+                               IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, j - idx);
+                               a.Emit (ec);
+                               
+                               ArrayAccess.EmitStoreOpcode (ig, t);
+                       }
+                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, array);
+               }
+               
+               // <summary>
+               //   Emits a list of resolved Arguments that are in the arguments
+               //   ArrayList.
+               // 
+               //   The MethodBase argument might be null if the
+               //   emission of the arguments is known not to contain
+               //   a `params' field (for example in constructors or other routines
+               //   that keep their arguments in this structure
+               // </summary>
+               
+               public static void EmitArguments (EmitContext ec, MethodBase mb, ArrayList arguments)
                {
+                       ParameterData pd = null;
                        int top;
 
-                       if (Arguments != null)
-                               top = Arguments.Count;
+                       if (arguments != null)
+                               top = arguments.Count;
                        else
                                top = 0;
 
+                       if (mb != null)
+                                pd = GetParameterData (mb);
+
                        for (int i = 0; i < top; i++){
-                               Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
+                               Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
 
+                               if (pd != null){
+                                       if (pd.ParameterModifier (i) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
+                                               EmitParams (ec, i, arguments);
+                                               return;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                                           
                                a.Emit (ec);
                        }
                }
@@ -4323,7 +2689,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                                                        Type t = instance_expr.Type;
                                                        
                                                        instance_expr.Emit (ec);
-                                                       LocalBuilder temp = ec.GetTemporaryStorage (t);
+                                                       LocalBuilder temp = ig.DeclareLocal (t);
                                                        ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, temp);
                                                        ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca, temp);
                                                }
@@ -4333,7 +2699,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                        }
 
                        if (Arguments != null)
-                               EmitArguments (ec, Arguments);
+                               EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments);
 
                        if (is_static || struct_call){
                                if (method is MethodInfo)
@@ -4372,7 +2738,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                public readonly ArrayList Arguments;
                public readonly string    RequestedType;
 
-               Location Location;
+               Location loc;
                MethodBase method = null;
 
                //
@@ -4381,11 +2747,11 @@ namespace CIR {
                //
                Expression value_target;
                
-               public New (string requested_type, ArrayList arguments, Location loc)
+               public New (string requested_type, ArrayList arguments, Location l)
                {
                        RequestedType = requested_type;
                        Arguments = arguments;
-                       Location = loc;
+                       loc = l;
                }
 
                public Expression ValueTypeVariable {
@@ -4408,19 +2774,19 @@ namespace CIR {
                        bool IsDelegate = TypeManager.IsDelegateType (type);
                        
                        if (IsDelegate)
-                               return (new NewDelegate (type, Arguments, Location)).Resolve (ec);
+                               return (new NewDelegate (type, Arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
                        
                        Expression ml;
                        
                        ml = MemberLookup (ec, type, ".ctor", false,
-                                          MemberTypes.Constructor, AllBindingsFlags, Location);
+                                          MemberTypes.Constructor, AllBindingsFlags, loc);
                        
                        bool is_struct = false;
                        is_struct = type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.value_type);
                        
                        if (! (ml is MethodGroupExpr)){
                                if (!is_struct){
-                                       report118 (Location, ml, "method group");
+                                       report118 (loc, ml, "method group");
                                        return null;
                                }
                        }
@@ -4431,17 +2797,17 @@ namespace CIR {
                                                --i;
                                                Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
                                                
-                                               if (!a.Resolve (ec))
+                                               if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
                                                        return null;
                                        }
                                }
 
                                method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (ec, (MethodGroupExpr) ml,
-                                                                    Arguments, Location);
+                                                                    Arguments, loc);
                        }
                        
                        if (method == null && !is_struct) {
-                               Error (-6, Location,
+                               Error (-6, loc,
                                       "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
                                       "this argument list");
                                return null;
@@ -4469,7 +2835,7 @@ namespace CIR {
 
                                ml.AddressOf (ec);
                        } else {
-                               Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, Arguments);
+                               Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments);
                                ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (ConstructorInfo) method);
                                return true;
                        }
@@ -4516,7 +2882,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                string RequestedType;
                string Rank;
                ArrayList Initializers;
-               Location  Location;
+               Location  loc;
                ArrayList Arguments;
 
                MethodBase method = null;
@@ -4525,13 +2891,15 @@ namespace CIR {
                
                bool IsBuiltinType = false;
 
+               int dimensions = 0;
+
                public ArrayCreation (string requested_type, ArrayList exprs,
                                      string rank, ArrayList initializers, Location l)
                {
                        RequestedType = requested_type;
                        Rank          = rank;
                        Initializers  = initializers;
-                       Location      = l;
+                       loc = l;
 
                        Arguments = new ArrayList ();
 
@@ -4543,9 +2911,14 @@ namespace CIR {
                public ArrayCreation (string requested_type, string rank, ArrayList initializers, Location l)
                {
                        RequestedType = requested_type;
-                       Rank = rank;
                        Initializers = initializers;
-                       Location = l;
+                       loc = l;
+
+                       Rank = rank.Substring (0, rank.LastIndexOf ("["));
+
+                       string tmp = rank.Substring (rank.LastIndexOf ("["));
+
+                       dimensions = tmp.Length - 1;
                }
 
                public static string FormArrayType (string base_type, int idx_count, string rank)
@@ -4577,12 +2950,111 @@ namespace CIR {
 
                        return val.Substring (0, val.LastIndexOf ("["));
                }
+
+               void error178 ()
+               {
+                       Report.Error (178, loc, "Incorrectly structured array initializer");
+               }
+
+               bool ValidateInitializers (EmitContext ec)
+               {
+                       if (Initializers == null)
+                               return true;
+
+                       Type underlying_type = ec.TypeContainer.LookupType (RequestedType, false);
+
+                       ArrayList probe = Initializers;
+
+                       if (Arguments != null) {
+                               for (int i = 0; i < Arguments.Count; i++) {
+                                       Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
+                                       
+                                       Expression e = Expression.Reduce (ec, a.Expr);
+                                       
+                                       if (!(e is Literal)) {
+                                               Report.Error (150, loc, "A constant value is expected");
+                                               return false;
+                                       }
+                                       
+                                       int value = (int) ((Literal) e).GetValue ();
                
+                                       if (probe == null) {
+                                               error178 ();
+                                               return false;
+                                       }
+                                               
+                                       if (value != probe.Count) {
+                                               error178 ();
+                                               return false;
+                                       }
+
+                                       if (probe [0] is ArrayList)
+                                               probe = (ArrayList) probe [0];
+                                       else {
+                                               for (int j = 0; j < probe.Count; ++j) {
+                                                       Expression tmp = (Expression) probe [j];
+                                                       
+                                                       tmp = tmp.Resolve (ec);
+
+                                                       Expression conv = ConvertImplicitRequired (ec, tmp,
+                                                                                                  underlying_type, loc);
+
+                                                       if (conv == null)
+                                                               return false;
+                                               }
+
+                                               probe = null;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                       } else {
+                               //
+                               // Here is where we update dimension info in the case
+                               // that the user skips doing that
+                               //
+
+                               Arguments = new ArrayList ();
+                               
+                               for (probe = Initializers; probe != null; ) {
+                                       Expression e = new IntLiteral (probe.Count);
+
+                                       Arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
+
+                                       if (probe [0] is ArrayList)
+                                               probe = (ArrayList) probe [0];
+                                       else {
+                                               for (int j = 0; j < probe.Count; ++j) {
+                                                       Expression tmp = (Expression) probe [j];
+                                                       
+                                                       tmp = tmp.Resolve (ec);
+
+                                                       Expression conv = ConvertImplicitRequired (ec, tmp,
+                                                                                                  underlying_type, loc);
+
+                                                       if (conv == null)
+                                                               return false;
+                                               }
+                                               
+                                               probe = null;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               if (Arguments.Count != dimensions) {
+                                       error178 ();
+                                       return false;
+                               }
+                       }
 
+                       return true;
+               }
+               
                public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        int arg_count;
-                       
+
+                       if (!ValidateInitializers (ec))
+                               return null;
+
                        if (Arguments == null)
                                arg_count = 0;
                        else
@@ -4612,15 +3084,15 @@ namespace CIR {
                                Expression ml;
                                
                                ml = MemberLookup (ec, type, ".ctor", false, MemberTypes.Constructor,
-                                                  AllBindingsFlags, Location);
+                                                  AllBindingsFlags, loc);
                                
                                if (!(ml is MethodGroupExpr)){
-                                       report118 (Location, ml, "method group");
+                                       report118 (loc, ml, "method group");
                                        return null;
                                }
                                
                                if (ml == null) {
-                                       Report.Error (-6, Location, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
+                                       Report.Error (-6, loc, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
                                                      "this argument list");
                                        return null;
                                }
@@ -4630,15 +3102,15 @@ namespace CIR {
                                                --i;
                                                Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
                                                
-                                               if (!a.Resolve (ec))
+                                               if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
                                                        return null;
                                        }
                                }
                                
-                               method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (ec, (MethodGroupExpr) ml, Arguments, Location);
+                               method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (ec, (MethodGroupExpr) ml, Arguments, loc);
                                
                                if (method == null) {
-                                       Report.Error (-6, Location, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
+                                       Report.Error (-6, loc, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
                                                      "this argument list");
                                        return null;
                                }
@@ -4656,7 +3128,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                                                --i;
                                                Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
                                                
-                                               if (!a.Resolve (ec))
+                                               if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
                                                        return null;
                                                
                                                args.Add (a.Type);
@@ -4674,7 +3146,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                                                            arg_types);
                                
                                if (method == null) {
-                                       Report.Error (-6, Location, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
+                                       Report.Error (-6, loc, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
                                                      "this argument list");
                                        return null;
                                }
@@ -4687,19 +3159,34 @@ namespace CIR {
 
                public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
+                       ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
+                       
                        if (IsOneDimensional) {
-                               Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, Arguments);
-                               ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, array_element_type);
+                               Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, null, Arguments);
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, array_element_type);
+                               
+                       } else {
+                               Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, null, Arguments);
+
+                               if (IsBuiltinType)
+                                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (ConstructorInfo) method);
+                               else
+                                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (MethodInfo) method);
+                       }
+
+                       if (Initializers != null){
+                               FieldBuilder fb;
+
+                               // FIXME: This is just sample data, need to fill with
+                               // real values.
+                               byte [] a = new byte [4] { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
                                
-                       } else {
-                               Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, Arguments);
+                               fb = ec.TypeContainer.RootContext.MakeStaticData (a);
 
-                               if (IsBuiltinType)
-                                       ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (ConstructorInfo) method);
-                               else
-                                       ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (MethodInfo) method);
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, fb);
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, TypeManager.void_initializearray_array_fieldhandle);
                        }
-                       
                }
                
                public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
@@ -4713,7 +3200,7 @@ namespace CIR {
        //
        // Represents the `this' construct
        //
-       public class This : Expression, IStackStore, IMemoryLocation {
+       public class This : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation {
                Location loc;
                
                public This (Location loc)
@@ -4752,8 +3239,9 @@ namespace CIR {
                        ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
                }
 
-               public void Store (EmitContext ec)
+               public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
                {
+                       source.Emit (ec);
                        ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg, 0);
                }
 
@@ -4799,474 +3287,182 @@ namespace CIR {
                
                public SizeOf (string queried_type)
                {
-                       this.QueriedType = queried_type;
-               }
-
-               public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       // FIXME: Implement;
-                       throw new Exception ("Unimplemented");
-                       // return this;
-               }
-
-               public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       throw new Exception ("Implement me");
-               }
-       }
-
-       public class MemberAccess : Expression {
-               public readonly string Identifier;
-               Expression expr;
-               Expression member_lookup;
-               Location loc;
-               
-               public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string id, Location l)
-               {
-                       this.expr = expr;
-                       Identifier = id;
-                       loc = l;
-               }
-
-               public Expression Expr {
-                       get {
-                               return expr;
-                       }
-               }
-
-               void error176 (Location loc, string name)
-               {
-                       Report.Error (176, loc, "Static member `" +
-                                     name + "' cannot be accessed " +
-                                     "with an instance reference, qualify with a " +
-                                     "type name instead");
-               }
-               
-               public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       //
-                       // We are the sole users of ResolveWithSimpleName (ie, the only
-                       // ones that can cope with it
-                       //
-                       expr = expr.ResolveWithSimpleName (ec);
-
-                       if (expr == null)
-                               return null;
-
-                       if (expr is SimpleName){
-                               SimpleName child_expr = (SimpleName) expr;
-                               
-                               expr = new SimpleName (child_expr.Name + "." + Identifier, loc);
-
-                               return expr.Resolve (ec);
-                       }
-                                       
-                       member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec, expr.Type, Identifier, false, loc);
-
-                       if (member_lookup == null)
-                               return null;
-                       
-                       //
-                       // Method Groups
-                       //
-                       if (member_lookup is MethodGroupExpr){
-                               MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) member_lookup;
-                               
-                               //
-                               // Type.MethodGroup
-                               //
-                               if (expr is TypeExpr){
-                                       if (!mg.RemoveInstanceMethods ()){
-                                               SimpleName.Error120 (loc, mg.Methods [0].Name); 
-                                               return null;
-                                       }
-
-                                       return member_lookup;
-                               }
-
-                               //
-                               // Instance.MethodGroup
-                               //
-                               if (!mg.RemoveStaticMethods ()){
-                                       error176 (loc, mg.Methods [0].Name);
-                                       return null;
-                               }
-                               
-                               mg.InstanceExpression = expr;
-                                       
-                               return member_lookup;
-                       }
-
-                       if (member_lookup is FieldExpr){
-                               FieldExpr fe = (FieldExpr) member_lookup;
-
-                               if (expr is TypeExpr){
-                                       if (!fe.FieldInfo.IsStatic){
-                                               error176 (loc, fe.FieldInfo.Name);
-                                               return null;
-                                       }
-                                       return member_lookup;
-                               } else {
-                                       if (fe.FieldInfo.IsStatic){
-                                               error176 (loc, fe.FieldInfo.Name);
-                                               return null;
-                                       }
-                                       fe.InstanceExpression = expr;
-
-                                       return fe;
-                               }
-                       }
-
-                       if (member_lookup is PropertyExpr){
-                               PropertyExpr pe = (PropertyExpr) member_lookup;
-
-                               if (expr is TypeExpr){
-                                       if (!pe.IsStatic){
-                                               SimpleName.Error120 (loc, pe.PropertyInfo.Name);
-                                               return null;
-                                       }
-                                       return pe;
-                               } else {
-                                       if (pe.IsStatic){
-                                               error176 (loc, pe.PropertyInfo.Name);
-                                               return null;
-                                       }
-                                       pe.InstanceExpression = expr;
-
-                                       return pe;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       
-                       Console.WriteLine ("Support for [" + member_lookup + "] is not present yet");
-                       Environment.Exit (0);
-                       return null;
-               }
-
-               public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       throw new Exception ("Should not happen I think");
-               }
-
-       }
-
-       // <summary>
-       //   Fully resolved expression that evaluates to a type
-       // </summary>
-       public class TypeExpr : Expression {
-               public TypeExpr (Type t)
-               {
-                       Type = t;
-                       eclass = ExprClass.Type;
-               }
-
-               override public Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       return this;
-               }
-
-               override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       throw new Exception ("Implement me");
-               }
-       }
-
-       // <summary>
-       //   MethodGroup Expression.
-       //  
-       //   This is a fully resolved expression that evaluates to a type
-       // </summary>
-       public class MethodGroupExpr : Expression {
-               public MethodBase [] Methods;
-               Expression instance_expression = null;
-               
-               public MethodGroupExpr (MemberInfo [] mi)
-               {
-                       Methods = new MethodBase [mi.Length];
-                       mi.CopyTo (Methods, 0);
-                       eclass = ExprClass.MethodGroup;
-               }
-
-               public MethodGroupExpr (ArrayList l)
-               {
-                       Methods = new MethodBase [l.Count];
-
-                       l.CopyTo (Methods, 0);
-                       eclass = ExprClass.MethodGroup;
-               }
-               
-               //
-               // `A method group may have associated an instance expression' 
-               // 
-               public Expression InstanceExpression {
-                       get {
-                               return instance_expression;
-                       }
-
-                       set {
-                               instance_expression = value;
-                       }
-               }
-               
-               override public Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       return this;
-               }
-
-               override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       throw new Exception ("This should never be reached");
-               }
-
-               bool RemoveMethods (bool keep_static)
-               {
-                       ArrayList smethods = new ArrayList ();
-                       int top = Methods.Length;
-                       int i;
-                       
-                       for (i = 0; i < top; i++){
-                               MethodBase mb = Methods [i];
-
-                               if (mb.IsStatic == keep_static)
-                                       smethods.Add (mb);
-                       }
-
-                       if (smethods.Count == 0)
-                               return false;
-
-                       Methods = new MethodBase [smethods.Count];
-                       smethods.CopyTo (Methods, 0);
-
-                       return true;
-               }
-               
-               // <summary>
-               //   Removes any instance methods from the MethodGroup, returns
-               //   false if the resulting set is empty.
-               // </summary>
-               public bool RemoveInstanceMethods ()
-               {
-                       return RemoveMethods (true);
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   Removes any static methods from the MethodGroup, returns
-               //   false if the resulting set is empty.
-               // </summary>
-               public bool RemoveStaticMethods ()
-               {
-                       return RemoveMethods (false);
-               }
-       }
-
-       // <summary>
-       //   Fully resolved expression that evaluates to a Field
-       // </summary>
-       public class FieldExpr : Expression, IStackStore, IMemoryLocation {
-               public readonly FieldInfo FieldInfo;
-               public Expression InstanceExpression;
-               Location loc;
-               
-               public FieldExpr (FieldInfo fi, Location l)
-               {
-                       FieldInfo = fi;
-                       eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
-                       type = fi.FieldType;
-                       loc = l;
-               }
-
-               override public Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       if (!FieldInfo.IsStatic){
-                               if (InstanceExpression == null){
-                                       throw new Exception ("non-static FieldExpr without instance var\n" +
-                                                            "You have to assign the Instance variable\n" +
-                                                            "Of the FieldExpr to set this\n");
-                               }
-
-                               InstanceExpression = InstanceExpression.Resolve (ec);
-                               if (InstanceExpression == null)
-                                       return null;
-                               
-                       }
-                       return this;
-               }
-
-               public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       if (!FieldInfo.IsInitOnly)
-                               return this;
-
-                       //
-                       // InitOnly fields can only be assigned in constructors
-                       //
-
-                       if (ec.IsConstructor)
-                               return this;
-
-                       Report.Error (191, loc,
-                                     "Readonly field can not be assigned outside " +
-                                     "of constructor or variable initializer");
-                       
-                       return null;
-               }
-
-               override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
-
-                       if (FieldInfo.IsStatic)
-                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldsfld, FieldInfo);
-                       else {
-                               InstanceExpression.Emit (ec);
-                               
-                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldfld, FieldInfo);
-                       }
+                       this.QueriedType = queried_type;
                }
 
-               public void Store (EmitContext ec)
+               public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       if (FieldInfo.IsStatic)
-                               ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stsfld, FieldInfo);
-                       else
-                               ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stfld, FieldInfo);
+                       // FIXME: Implement;
+                       throw new Exception ("Unimplemented");
+                       // return this;
                }
 
-               public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec)
+               public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       if (FieldInfo.IsStatic)
-                               ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldsflda, FieldInfo);
-                       else {
-                               InstanceExpression.Emit (ec);
-                               ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldflda, FieldInfo);
-                       }
+                       throw new Exception ("Implement me");
                }
        }
-       
-       // <summary>
-       //   Expression that evaluates to a Property.  The Assign class
-       //   might set the `Value' expression if we are in an assignment.
-       //
-       //   This is not an LValue because we need to re-write the expression, we
-       //   can not take data from the stack and store it.  
-       // </summary>
-       public class PropertyExpr : ExpressionStatement, IAssignMethod {
-               public readonly PropertyInfo PropertyInfo;
-               public readonly bool IsStatic;
-               MethodInfo [] Accessors;
+
+       public class MemberAccess : Expression {
+               public readonly string Identifier;
+               Expression expr;
+               Expression member_lookup;
                Location loc;
                
-               Expression instance_expr;
-               
-               public PropertyExpr (PropertyInfo pi, Location l)
+               public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string id, Location l)
                {
-                       PropertyInfo = pi;
-                       eclass = ExprClass.PropertyAccess;
-                       IsStatic = false;
+                       this.expr = expr;
+                       Identifier = id;
                        loc = l;
-                       Accessors = TypeManager.GetAccessors (pi);
-
-                       if (Accessors != null)
-                               for (int i = 0; i < Accessors.Length; i++){
-                                       if (Accessors [i] != null)
-                                               if (Accessors [i].IsStatic)
-                                                       IsStatic = true;
-                               }
-                       else
-                               Accessors = new MethodInfo [2];
-                       
-                       type = pi.PropertyType;
                }
 
-               //
-               // The instance expression associated with this expression
-               //
-               public Expression InstanceExpression {
-                       set {
-                               instance_expr = value;
-                       }
-
+               public Expression Expr {
                        get {
-                               return instance_expr;
+                               return expr;
                        }
                }
 
-               public bool VerifyAssignable ()
+               void error176 (Location loc, string name)
                {
-                       if (!PropertyInfo.CanWrite){
-                               Report.Error (200, loc, 
-                                             "The property `" + PropertyInfo.Name +
-                                             "' can not be assigned to, as it has not set accessor");
-                               return false;
-                       }
-
-                       return true;
+                       Report.Error (176, loc, "Static member `" +
+                                     name + "' cannot be accessed " +
+                                     "with an instance reference, qualify with a " +
+                                     "type name instead");
                }
-
-               override public Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
+               
+               public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       if (!PropertyInfo.CanRead){
-                               Report.Error (154, loc, 
-                                             "The property `" + PropertyInfo.Name +
-                                             "' can not be used in " +
-                                             "this context because it lacks a get accessor");
+                       //
+                       // We are the sole users of ResolveWithSimpleName (ie, the only
+                       // ones that can cope with it
+                       //
+                       expr = expr.ResolveWithSimpleName (ec);
+
+                       if (expr == null)
                                return null;
-                       }
 
-                       return this;
-               }
+                       if (expr is SimpleName){
+                               SimpleName child_expr = (SimpleName) expr;
 
-               override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       Invocation.EmitCall (ec, IsStatic, instance_expr, Accessors [0], null);
+                               expr = new SimpleName (child_expr.Name + "." + Identifier, loc);
+
+                               return expr.Resolve (ec);
+                       }
+                                       
+                       member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec, expr.Type, Identifier, false, loc);
+
+                       if (member_lookup == null)
+                               return null;
                        
-               }
+                       //
+                       // Method Groups
+                       //
+                       if (member_lookup is MethodGroupExpr){
+                               MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) member_lookup;
+                               
+                               //
+                               // Type.MethodGroup
+                               //
+                               if (expr is TypeExpr){
+                                       if (!mg.RemoveInstanceMethods ()){
+                                               SimpleName.Error120 (loc, mg.Methods [0].Name); 
+                                               return null;
+                                       }
 
-               //
-               // Implements the IAssignMethod interface for assignments
-               //
-               public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
-               {
-                       Argument arg = new Argument (source, Argument.AType.Expression);
-                       ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
+                                       return member_lookup;
+                               }
 
-                       args.Add (arg);
-                       Invocation.EmitCall (ec, IsStatic, instance_expr, Accessors [1], args);
-               }
+                               //
+                               // Instance.MethodGroup
+                               //
+                               if (!mg.RemoveStaticMethods ()){
+                                       error176 (loc, mg.Methods [0].Name);
+                                       return null;
+                               }
+                               
+                               mg.InstanceExpression = expr;
+                                       
+                               return member_lookup;
+                       }
 
-               override public void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       Emit (ec);
-                       ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
-               }
-       }
+                       if (member_lookup is FieldExpr){
+                               FieldExpr fe = (FieldExpr) member_lookup;
+                               FieldInfo fi = fe.FieldInfo;
 
-       // <summary>
-       //   Fully resolved expression that evaluates to a Expression
-       // </summary>
-       public class EventExpr : Expression {
-               public readonly EventInfo EventInfo;
-               Location loc;
-               
-               public EventExpr (EventInfo ei, Location loc)
-               {
-                       EventInfo = ei;
-                       this.loc = loc;
-                       eclass = ExprClass.EventAccess;
-               }
+                               if (fi.IsLiteral) {
+                                       Type t = fi.FieldType;
+                                       object o;
 
-               override public Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       // We are born in resolved state. 
-                       return this;
+                                       if (fi is FieldBuilder)
+                                               o = TypeManager.GetValue ((FieldBuilder) fi);
+                                       else
+                                               o = fi.GetValue (fi);
+                                       
+                                       if (t.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)) {
+                                               Expression enum_member = MemberLookup (ec, t, "value__", false, loc); 
+                                               Type underlying_type = enum_member.Type;
+                                               
+                                               Expression e = Literalize (o, underlying_type);
+                                               e.Resolve (ec);
+                                       
+                                               return new EnumLiteral (e, t);
+                                       }
+
+                                       Expression exp = Literalize (o, t);
+                                       exp.Resolve (ec);
+                                       
+                                       return exp;
+                               }
+                               
+                               if (expr is TypeExpr){
+                                       if (!fe.FieldInfo.IsStatic){
+                                               error176 (loc, fe.FieldInfo.Name);
+                                               return null;
+                                       }
+                                       return member_lookup;
+                               } else {
+                                       if (fe.FieldInfo.IsStatic){
+                                               error176 (loc, fe.FieldInfo.Name);
+                                               return null;
+                                       }
+                                       fe.InstanceExpression = expr;
+
+                                       return fe;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       if (member_lookup is PropertyExpr){
+                               PropertyExpr pe = (PropertyExpr) member_lookup;
+
+                               if (expr is TypeExpr){
+                                       if (!pe.IsStatic){
+                                               SimpleName.Error120 (loc, pe.PropertyInfo.Name);
+                                               return null;
+                                       }
+                                       return pe;
+                               } else {
+                                       if (pe.IsStatic){
+                                               error176 (loc, pe.PropertyInfo.Name);
+                                               return null;
+                                       }
+                                       pe.InstanceExpression = expr;
+
+                                       return pe;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       
+                       Console.WriteLine ("Support for [" + member_lookup + "] is not present yet");
+                       Environment.Exit (0);
+                       return null;
                }
 
-               override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
+               public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       throw new Exception ("Implement me");
-                       // FIXME: Implement.
+                       throw new Exception ("Should not happen I think");
                }
+
        }
-       
+
        public class CheckedExpr : Expression {
 
                public Expression Expr;
@@ -5332,7 +3528,6 @@ namespace CIR {
        }
 
        public class ElementAccess : Expression {
-               
                public ArrayList  Arguments;
                public Expression Expr;
                public Location   loc;
@@ -5362,7 +3557,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                                --i;
                                Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
                                
-                               if (!a.Resolve (ec))
+                               if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
                                        return false;
                        }
 
@@ -5380,7 +3575,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                        //
                        // I am experimenting with this pattern.
                        //
-                       if (Expr.Type == TypeManager.array_type)
+                       if (Expr.Type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.array_type))
                                return (new ArrayAccess (this)).Resolve (ec);
                        else
                                return (new IndexerAccess (this)).Resolve (ec);
@@ -5391,7 +3586,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                        if (!CommonResolve (ec))
                                return null;
 
-                       if (Expr.Type == TypeManager.array_type)
+                       if (Expr.Type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.array_type))
                                return (new ArrayAccess (this)).ResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
                        else
                                return (new IndexerAccess (this)).ResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
@@ -5403,7 +3598,10 @@ namespace CIR {
                }
        }
 
-       public class ArrayAccess : Expression, IStackStore {
+       //
+       // Implements array access 
+       //
+       public class ArrayAccess : Expression, IAssignMethod {
                //
                // Points to our "data" repository
                //
@@ -5413,38 +3611,155 @@ namespace CIR {
                {
                        ea = ea_data;
                        eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
-
-                       //
-                       // FIXME: Figure out the type here
-                       //
                }
 
-               Expression CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       return this;
-               }
-               
                public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        if (ea.Expr.ExprClass != ExprClass.Variable) {
                                report118 (ea.loc, ea.Expr, "variable");
                                return null;
                        }
-                       
-                       throw new Exception ("Implement me");
+
+                       Type t = ea.Expr.Type;
+
+                       if (t.GetArrayRank () != ea.Arguments.Count){
+                               Report.Error (22, ea.loc,
+                                             "Incorrect number of indexes for array " +
+                                             " expected: " + t.GetArrayRank () + " got: " +
+                                             ea.Arguments.Count);
+                               return null;
+                       }
+                       type = t.GetElementType ();
+                       eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
+
+                       return this;
                }
 
-               public void Store (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       throw new Exception ("Implement me !");
+               // <summary>
+               //    Emits the right opcode to load an object of Type `t'
+               //    from an array of T
+               // </summary>
+               static public void EmitLoadOpcode (ILGenerator ig, Type type)
+               {
+                       if (type == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I1);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U1);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.short_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I2);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U2);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I4);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U4);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I8);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I8);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.float_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_R4);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_R8);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.intptr_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I);
+                       else
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_Ref);
                }
 
+               // <summary>
+               //    Emits the right opcode to store an object of Type `t'
+               //    from an array of T.  
+               // </summary>
+               static public void EmitStoreOpcode (ILGenerator ig, Type t)
+               {
+                       if (t == TypeManager.byte_type || t == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_I1);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.short_type || t == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_I2);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.int32_type || t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_I4);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.int64_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_I8);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_R4);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_R8);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.intptr_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_I);
+                       else
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_Ref);
+               }
+               
                public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       throw new Exception ("Implement me !");
+                       int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
+                       ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
+
+                       ea.Expr.Emit (ec);
+
+                       foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments)
+                               a.Expr.Emit (ec);
+
+                       if (rank == 1)
+                               EmitLoadOpcode (ig, type);
+                       else {
+                               ModuleBuilder mb = ec.TypeContainer.RootContext.ModuleBuilder;
+                               Type [] args = new Type [ea.Arguments.Count];
+                               MethodInfo get;
+                               
+                               int i = 0;
+                               
+                               foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments)
+                                       args [i++] = a.Type;
+                               
+                               get = mb.GetArrayMethod (
+                                       ea.Expr.Type, "Get",
+                                       CallingConventions.HasThis |
+                                       CallingConventions.Standard,
+                                       type, args);
+                               
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, get);
+                       }
                }
-       }
 
+               public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
+               {
+                       int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
+                       ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
+
+                       ea.Expr.Emit (ec);
+
+                       foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments)
+                               a.Expr.Emit (ec);
+
+                       source.Emit (ec);
+
+                       Type t = source.Type;
+                       if (rank == 1)
+                               EmitStoreOpcode (ig, t);
+                       else {
+                               ModuleBuilder mb = ec.TypeContainer.RootContext.ModuleBuilder;
+                               Type [] args = new Type [ea.Arguments.Count + 1];
+                               MethodInfo set;
+                               
+                               int i = 0;
+                               
+                               foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments)
+                                       args [i++] = a.Type;
+
+                               args [i] = type;
+                               
+                               set = mb.GetArrayMethod (
+                                       ea.Expr.Type, "Set",
+                                       CallingConventions.HasThis |
+                                       CallingConventions.Standard,
+                                       TypeManager.void_type, args);
+                               
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, set);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
        class Indexers {
                public ArrayList getters, setters;
                static Hashtable map;
@@ -5502,7 +3817,10 @@ namespace CIR {
                        return ix;
                }
        }
-       
+
+       // <summary>
+       //   Expressions that represent an indexer call.
+       // </summary>
        public class IndexerAccess : Expression, IAssignMethod {
                //
                // Points to our "data" repository
@@ -5518,11 +3836,6 @@ namespace CIR {
                        eclass = ExprClass.Value;
                }
 
-               public bool VerifyAssignable (Expression source)
-               {
-                       throw new Exception ("Implement me!");
-               }
-
                public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        Type indexer_type = ea.Expr.Type;
@@ -5536,7 +3849,11 @@ namespace CIR {
                        if (ilist == null)
                                ilist = Indexers.GetIndexersForType (
                                        indexer_type, ec.TypeContainer.RootContext.TypeManager, ea.loc);
-                       
+
+
+                       //
+                       // Step 2: find the proper match
+                       //
                        if (ilist != null && ilist.getters != null && ilist.getters.Count > 0)
                                get = (MethodInfo) Invocation.OverloadResolve (
                                        ec, new MethodGroupExpr (ilist.getters), ea.Arguments, ea.loc);
@@ -5545,11 +3862,11 @@ namespace CIR {
                                Report.Error (154, ea.loc,
                                              "indexer can not be used in this context, because " +
                                              "it lacks a `get' accessor");
-                                       return null;
+                               return null;
                        }
-                               
+
                        type = get.ReturnType;
-                       eclass = ExprClass.Value;
+                       eclass = ExprClass.IndexerAccess;
                        return this;
                }
 
@@ -5600,7 +3917,7 @@ namespace CIR {
        
        public class BaseAccess : Expression {
 
-               public enum BaseAccessType {
+               public enum BaseAccessType : byte {
                        Member,
                        Indexer
                };
@@ -5645,6 +3962,12 @@ namespace CIR {
                        eclass = ExprClass.Value;
                }
 
+               public EmptyExpression (Type t)
+               {
+                       type = t;
+                       eclass = ExprClass.Value;
+               }
+               
                public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        return this;