2002-05-11 Miguel de Icaza <miguel@ximian.com>
[mono.git] / mcs / mcs / ecore.cs
index 8dd0fcc3a94dc9a2e5af81de86be93f53f048667..ac11dafc20b92b2f0bdb89a8749b6a68099db201 100755 (executable)
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //
 //
 
-namespace CIR {
+namespace Mono.CSharp {
        using System;
        using System.Collections;
        using System.Diagnostics;
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ namespace CIR {
        using System.Reflection.Emit;
        using System.Text;
 
-       // <remarks>
-       //   The ExprClass class contains the is used to pass the 
-       //   classification of an expression (value, variable, namespace,
-       //   type, method group, property access, event access, indexer access,
-       //   nothing).
-       // </remarks>
-       public enum ExprClass {
+       /// <remarks>
+       ///   The ExprClass class contains the is used to pass the 
+       ///   classification of an expression (value, variable, namespace,
+       ///   type, method group, property access, event access, indexer access,
+       ///   nothing).
+       /// </remarks>
+       public enum ExprClass : byte {
                Invalid,
                
                Value,
@@ -36,37 +36,39 @@ namespace CIR {
                Nothing, 
        }
 
-       // <summary>
-       //   An interface provided by expressions that can be used as
-       //   LValues and can store the value on the top of the stack on
-       //   their storage
-       // </summary>
-       public interface IStackStore {
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   The Store method should store the contents of the top
-               //   of the stack into the storage that is implemented by
-               //   the particular implementation of LValue
-               // </summary>
-               void Store     (EmitContext ec);
-       }
-
-       // <summary>
-       //   This interface is implemented by variables
-       // </summary>
+       //
+       // This is just as a hint to AddressOf of what will be done with the
+       // address.
+       [Flags]
+       public enum AddressOp {
+               Store = 1,
+               Load  = 2,
+               LoadStore = 3
+       };
+       
+       /// <summary>
+       ///   This interface is implemented by variables
+       /// </summary>
        public interface IMemoryLocation {
-               // <summary>
-               //   The AddressOf method should generate code that loads
-               //   the address of the object and leaves it on the stack
-               // </summary>
-               void AddressOf (EmitContext ec);
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   The AddressOf method should generate code that loads
+               ///   the address of the object and leaves it on the stack.
+               ///
+               ///   The `mode' argument is used to notify the expression
+               ///   of whether this will be used to read from the address or
+               ///   write to the address.
+               ///
+               ///   This is just a hint that can be used to provide good error
+               ///   reporting, and should have no other side effects. 
+               /// </summary>
+               void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode);
        }
 
-       // <remarks>
-       //   Base class for expressions
-       // </remarks>
+       /// <remarks>
+       ///   Base class for expressions
+       /// </remarks>
        public abstract class Expression {
-               protected ExprClass eclass;
+               public ExprClass eclass;
                protected Type      type;
                
                public Type Type {
@@ -79,19 +81,9 @@ namespace CIR {
                        }
                }
 
-               public ExprClass ExprClass {
-                       get {
-                               return eclass;
-                       }
-
-                       set {
-                               eclass = value;
-                       }
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   Utility wrapper routine for Error, just to beautify the code
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Utility wrapper routine for Error, just to beautify the code
+               /// </summary>
                static protected void Error (int error, string s)
                {
                        Report.Error (error, s);
@@ -102,42 +94,48 @@ namespace CIR {
                        Report.Error (error, loc, s);
                }
                
-               // <summary>
-               //   Utility wrapper routine for Warning, just to beautify the code
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Utility wrapper routine for Warning, just to beautify the code
+               /// </summary>
                static protected void Warning (int warning, string s)
                {
                        Report.Warning (warning, s);
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //   Performs semantic analysis on the Expression
-               // </summary>
-               //
-               // <remarks>
-               //   The Resolve method is invoked to perform the semantic analysis
-               //   on the node.
-               //
-               //   The return value is an expression (it can be the
-               //   same expression in some cases) or a new
-               //   expression that better represents this node.
-               //   
-               //   For example, optimizations of Unary (LiteralInt)
-               //   would return a new LiteralInt with a negated
-               //   value.
-               //   
-               //   If there is an error during semantic analysis,
-               //   then an error should be reported (using Report)
-               //   and a null value should be returned.
-               //   
-               //   There are two side effects expected from calling
-               //   Resolve(): the the field variable "eclass" should
-               //   be set to any value of the enumeration
-               //   `ExprClass' and the type variable should be set
-               //   to a valid type (this is the type of the
-               //   expression).
-               // </remarks>
-               
+               static public void Error_CannotConvertType (Location loc, Type source, Type target)
+               {
+                       Report.Error (30, loc, "Cannot convert type '" +
+                                     TypeManager.CSharpName (source) + "' to '" +
+                                     TypeManager.CSharpName (target) + "'");
+               }
+
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Performs semantic analysis on the Expression
+               /// </summary>
+               ///
+               /// <remarks>
+               ///   The Resolve method is invoked to perform the semantic analysis
+               ///   on the node.
+               ///
+               ///   The return value is an expression (it can be the
+               ///   same expression in some cases) or a new
+               ///   expression that better represents this node.
+               ///   
+               ///   For example, optimizations of Unary (LiteralInt)
+               ///   would return a new LiteralInt with a negated
+               ///   value.
+               ///   
+               ///   If there is an error during semantic analysis,
+               ///   then an error should be reported (using Report)
+               ///   and a null value should be returned.
+               ///   
+               ///   There are two side effects expected from calling
+               ///   Resolve(): the the field variable "eclass" should
+               ///   be set to any value of the enumeration
+               ///   `ExprClass' and the type variable should be set
+               ///   to a valid type (this is the type of the
+               ///   expression).
+               /// </remarks>
                public abstract Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec);
 
                public virtual Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
@@ -145,56 +143,72 @@ namespace CIR {
                        return DoResolve (ec);
                }
                
-               //
-               // Currently Resolve wraps DoResolve to perform sanity
-               // checking and assertion checking on what we expect from Resolve
-               //
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Resolves an expression and performs semantic analysis on it.
+               /// </summary>
+               ///
+               /// <remarks>
+               ///   Currently Resolve wraps DoResolve to perform sanity
+               ///   checking and assertion checking on what we expect from Resolve.
+               /// </remarks>
                public Expression Resolve (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        Expression e = DoResolve (ec);
 
                        if (e != null){
+
                                if (e is SimpleName){
                                        SimpleName s = (SimpleName) e;
-                                       
+
                                        Report.Error (
-                                               103, s.Location,
-                                               "The name `" + s.Name + "' could not be found in `" +
-                                               ec.TypeContainer.Name + "'");
+                                                     103, s.Location,
+                                                     "The name `" + s.Name + "' could not be found in `" +
+                                                     ec.DeclSpace.Name + "'");
                                        return null;
                                }
                                
-                               if (e.ExprClass == ExprClass.Invalid)
-                                       throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
+                               if (e.eclass == ExprClass.Invalid)
+                                       throw new Exception ("Expression " + e.GetType () +
                                                             " ExprClass is Invalid after resolve");
 
-                               if (e.ExprClass != ExprClass.MethodGroup)
+                               if (e.eclass != ExprClass.MethodGroup)
                                        if (e.type == null)
-                                               throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
-                                                                    " did not set its type after Resolve");
+                                               throw new Exception (
+                                                       "Expression " + e.GetType () +
+                                                       " did not set its type after Resolve\n" +
+                                                       "called from: " + this.GetType ());
                        }
 
                        return e;
                }
 
-               //
-               // Just like `Resolve' above, but this allows SimpleNames to be returned.
-               // This is used by MemberAccess to construct long names that can not be
-               // partially resolved (namespace-qualified names for example).
-               //
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Performs expression resolution and semantic analysis, but
+               ///   allows SimpleNames to be returned.
+               /// </summary>
+               ///
+               /// <remarks>
+               ///   This is used by MemberAccess to construct long names that can not be
+               ///   partially resolved (namespace-qualified names for example).
+               /// </remarks>
                public Expression ResolveWithSimpleName (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       Expression e = DoResolve (ec);
+                       Expression e;
+
+                       if (this is SimpleName)
+                               e = ((SimpleName) this).DoResolveAllowStatic (ec);
+                       else 
+                               e = DoResolve (ec);
 
                        if (e != null){
                                if (e is SimpleName)
                                        return e;
 
-                               if (e.ExprClass == ExprClass.Invalid)
+                               if (e.eclass == ExprClass.Invalid)
                                        throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
                                                             " ExprClass is Invalid after resolve");
 
-                               if (e.ExprClass != ExprClass.MethodGroup)
+                               if (e.eclass != ExprClass.MethodGroup)
                                        if (e.type == null)
                                                throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
                                                                     " did not set its type after Resolve");
@@ -203,10 +217,14 @@ namespace CIR {
                        return e;
                }
                
-               //
-               // Currently ResolveLValue wraps DoResolveLValue to perform sanity
-               // checking and assertion checking on what we expect from Resolve
-               //
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Resolves an expression for LValue assignment
+               /// </summary>
+               ///
+               /// <remarks>
+               ///   Currently ResolveLValue wraps DoResolveLValue to perform sanity
+               ///   checking and assertion checking on what we expect from Resolve
+               /// </remarks>
                public Expression ResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
                {
                        Expression e = DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
@@ -214,19 +232,19 @@ namespace CIR {
                        if (e != null){
                                if (e is SimpleName){
                                        SimpleName s = (SimpleName) e;
-                                       
+
                                        Report.Error (
                                                103, s.Location,
                                                "The name `" + s.Name + "' could not be found in `" +
-                                               ec.TypeContainer.Name + "'");
+                                               ec.DeclSpace.Name + "'");
                                        return null;
                                }
 
-                               if (e.ExprClass == ExprClass.Invalid)
+                               if (e.eclass == ExprClass.Invalid)
                                        throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
                                                             " ExprClass is Invalid after resolve");
 
-                               if (e.ExprClass != ExprClass.MethodGroup)
+                               if (e.eclass != ExprClass.MethodGroup)
                                        if (e.type == null)
                                                throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
                                                                     " did not set its type after Resolve");
@@ -235,31 +253,20 @@ namespace CIR {
                        return e;
                }
                
-               // <summary>
-               //   Emits the code for the expression
-               // </summary>
-               //
-               // <remarks>
-               // 
-               //   The Emit method is invoked to generate the code
-               //   for the expression.  
-               //
-               // </remarks>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Emits the code for the expression
+               /// </summary>
+               ///
+               /// <remarks>
+               ///   The Emit method is invoked to generate the code
+               ///   for the expression.  
+               /// </remarks>
                public abstract void Emit (EmitContext ec);
 
-               // <summary>
-               //   This method should perform a reduction of the expression.  This should
-               //   never return null.
-               // </summary>
-               public virtual Expression Reduce (EmitContext ec)
-               {
-                       return this;
-               }
-
-               // <summary>
-               //   Protected constructor.  Only derivate types should
-               //   be able to be created
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Protected constructor.  Only derivate types should
+               ///   be able to be created
+               /// </summary>
 
                protected Expression ()
                {
@@ -267,44 +274,60 @@ namespace CIR {
                        type = null;
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //   Returns a literalized version of a literal FieldInfo
-               // </summary>
-               public static Expression Literalize (object v, Type t)
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Returns a literalized version of a literal FieldInfo
+               /// </summary>
+               ///
+               /// <remarks>
+               ///   The possible return values are:
+               ///      IntConstant, UIntConstant
+               ///      LongLiteral, ULongConstant
+               ///      FloatConstant, DoubleConstant
+               ///      StringConstant
+               ///
+               ///   The value returned is already resolved.
+               /// </remarks>
+               public static Constant Constantify (object v, Type t)
                {
                        if (t == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                               return new IntLiteral ((int) v);
+                               return new IntConstant ((int) v);
                        else if (t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                               return new UIntLiteral ((uint) v);
+                               return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
                        else if (t == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                               return new LongLiteral ((long) v);
+                               return new LongConstant ((long) v);
                        else if (t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                               return new ULongLiteral ((ulong) v);
+                               return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
                        else if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
-                               return new FloatLiteral ((float) v);
+                               return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
                        else if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
-                               return new DoubleLiteral ((double) v);
+                               return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
                        else if (t == TypeManager.string_type)
-                               return new StringLiteral ((string) v);
+                               return new StringConstant ((string) v);
                        else if (t == TypeManager.short_type)
-                               return new IntLiteral ((int) ((short)v));
+                               return new ShortConstant ((short)v);
                        else if (t == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                               return new IntLiteral ((int) ((ushort)v));
+                               return new UShortConstant ((ushort)v);
                        else if (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                               return new IntLiteral ((int) ((sbyte)v));
+                               return new SByteConstant (((sbyte)v));
                        else if (t == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                               return new IntLiteral ((int) ((byte)v));
+                               return new ByteConstant ((byte)v);
                        else if (t == TypeManager.char_type)
-                               return new IntLiteral ((int) ((char)v));
-                       else
-                               throw new Exception ("Unknown type for literal (" + t +
+                               return new CharConstant ((char)v);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.bool_type)
+                               return new BoolConstant ((bool) v);
+                       else if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (t)){
+                               Constant e = Constantify (v, v.GetType ());
+
+                               return new EnumConstant (e, t);
+                       } else
+                               throw new Exception ("Unknown type for constant (" + t +
                                                     "), details: " + v);
                }
 
-               // 
-               // Returns a fully formed expression after a MemberLookup
-               //
-               static Expression ExprClassFromMemberInfo (EmitContext ec, MemberInfo mi, Location loc)
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Returns a fully formed expression after a MemberLookup
+               /// </summary>
+               public static Expression ExprClassFromMemberInfo (EmitContext ec, MemberInfo mi, Location loc)
                {
                        if (mi is EventInfo)
                                return new EventExpr ((EventInfo) mi, loc);
@@ -312,8 +335,9 @@ namespace CIR {
                                return new FieldExpr ((FieldInfo) mi, loc);
                        else if (mi is PropertyInfo)
                                return new PropertyExpr ((PropertyInfo) mi, loc);
-                       else if (mi is Type)
-                               return new TypeExpr ((Type) mi);
+                       else if (mi is Type){
+                               return new TypeExpr ((System.Type) mi);
+                       }
 
                        return null;
                }
@@ -321,9 +345,6 @@ namespace CIR {
                //
                // FIXME: Probably implement a cache for (t,name,current_access_set)?
                //
-               // FIXME: We need to cope with access permissions here, or this wont
-               // work!
-               //
                // This code could use some optimizations, but we need to do some
                // measurements.  For example, we could use a delegate to `flag' when
                // something can not any longer be a method-group (because it is something
@@ -345,45 +366,27 @@ namespace CIR {
                // This is so we can catch correctly attempts to invoke instance methods
                // from a static body (scan for error 120 in ResolveSimpleName).
                //
+               //
+               // FIXME: Potential optimization, have a static ArrayList
+               //
+
                public static Expression MemberLookup (EmitContext ec, Type t, string name,
-                                                      bool same_type, MemberTypes mt,
-                                                      BindingFlags bf, Location loc)
+                                                      MemberTypes mt, BindingFlags bf, Location loc)
                {
-                       if (same_type)
-                               bf |= BindingFlags.NonPublic;
-
-                       MemberInfo [] mi = ec.TypeContainer.RootContext.TypeManager.FindMembers (
-                               t, mt, bf, Type.FilterName, name);
+                       MemberInfo [] mi = TypeManager.MemberLookup (ec.ContainerType, t, mt, bf, name);
 
                        if (mi == null)
                                return null;
 
-                       // Empty array ...
-                       if (mi.Length == 0) 
-                               return null;
-
-                       
-                       if (mi.Length == 1 && !(mi [0] is MethodBase))
-                               return Expression.ExprClassFromMemberInfo (ec, mi [0], loc);
-                       
-                       for (int i = 0; i < mi.Length; i++)
-                               if (!(mi [i] is MethodBase)){
-                                       Error (-5, "Do not know how to reproduce this case: " + 
-                                              "Methods and non-Method with the same name, " +
-                                              "report this please");
+                       int count = mi.Length;
 
-                                       for (i = 0; i < mi.Length; i++){
-                                               Type tt = mi [i].GetType ();
+                       if (count > 1)
+                               return new MethodGroupExpr (mi, loc);
 
-                                               Console.WriteLine (i + ": " + mi [i]);
-                                               while (tt != TypeManager.object_type){
-                                                       Console.WriteLine (tt);
-                                                       tt = tt.BaseType;
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               }
+                       if (mi [0] is MethodBase)
+                               return new MethodGroupExpr (mi, loc);
 
-                       return new MethodGroupExpr (mi);
+                       return ExprClassFromMemberInfo (ec, mi [0], loc);
                }
 
                public const MemberTypes AllMemberTypes =
@@ -394,32 +397,89 @@ namespace CIR {
                        MemberTypes.NestedType  |
                        MemberTypes.Property;
                
-               public const BindingFlags AllBindingsFlags =
+               public const BindingFlags AllBindingFlags =
                        BindingFlags.Public |
                        BindingFlags.Static |
                        BindingFlags.Instance;
 
-               public static Expression MemberLookup (EmitContext ec, Type t, string name,
-                                                      bool same_type, Location loc)
+               public static Expression MemberLookup (EmitContext ec, Type t, string name, Location loc)
+               {
+                       return MemberLookup (ec, t, name, AllMemberTypes, AllBindingFlags, loc);
+               }
+
+               public static Expression MethodLookup (EmitContext ec, Type t, string name, Location loc)
                {
-                       return MemberLookup (ec, t, name, same_type, AllMemberTypes, AllBindingsFlags, loc);
+                       return MemberLookup (ec, t, name, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
                }
 
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   This is a wrapper for MemberLookup that is not used to "probe", but
+               ///   to find a final definition.  If the final definition is not found, we
+               ///   look for private members and display a useful debugging message if we
+               ///   find it.
+               /// </summary>
+               public static Expression MemberLookupFinal (EmitContext ec, Type t, string name, 
+                                                           Location loc)
+               {
+                       Expression e;
+
+                       e = MemberLookup (ec, t, name, AllMemberTypes, AllBindingFlags, loc);
+
+                       if (e != null)
+                               return e;
+                       
+                       e = MemberLookup (ec, t, name, AllMemberTypes,
+                                         AllBindingFlags | BindingFlags.NonPublic, loc);
+                       if (e == null){
+                               Report.Error (
+                                       117, loc, "`" + t + "' does not contain a definition " +
+                                       "for `" + name + "'");
+                       } else {
+                               Report.Error (
+                                       122, loc, "`" + t + "." + name +
+                                       "' is inaccessible due to its protection level");
+                       }
+                       
+                       return null;
+               }
+               
+               static EmptyExpression MyEmptyExpr;
                static public Expression ImplicitReferenceConversion (Expression expr, Type target_type)
                {
                        Type expr_type = expr.Type;
 
+                       if (expr_type == null && expr.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup){
+                               // if we are a method group, emit a warning
+
+                               expr.Emit (null);
+                       }
+                       
                        if (target_type == TypeManager.object_type) {
-                               if (expr_type.IsClass)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
+                               //
+                               // A pointer type cannot be converted to object
+                               // 
+                               if (expr_type.IsPointer)
+                                       return null;
+
                                if (expr_type.IsValueType)
                                        return new BoxedCast (expr);
+                               if (expr_type.IsClass || expr_type.IsInterface)
+                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
                        } else if (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (target_type)) {
                                return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
                        } else {
+
+                               // This code is kind of mirrored inside StandardConversionExists
+                               // with the small distinction that we only probe there
+                               //
+                               // Always ensure that the code here and there is in sync
+                               
+                               // from the null type to any reference-type.
+                               if (expr is NullLiteral && !target_type.IsValueType)
+                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
+
                                // from any class-type S to any interface-type T.
                                if (expr_type.IsClass && target_type.IsInterface) {
-
                                        if (TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (expr_type, target_type))
                                                return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
                                        else
@@ -440,10 +500,15 @@ namespace CIR {
                                        if (expr_type.GetArrayRank () == target_type.GetArrayRank ()) {
 
                                                Type expr_element_type = expr_type.GetElementType ();
+
+                                               if (MyEmptyExpr == null)
+                                                       MyEmptyExpr = new EmptyExpression ();
+                                               
+                                               MyEmptyExpr.SetType (expr_element_type);
                                                Type target_element_type = target_type.GetElementType ();
 
                                                if (!expr_element_type.IsValueType && !target_element_type.IsValueType)
-                                                       if (StandardConversionExists (expr_element_type,
+                                                       if (StandardConversionExists (MyEmptyExpr,
                                                                                      target_element_type))
                                                                return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
                                        }
@@ -464,10 +529,6 @@ namespace CIR {
                                        if (target_type == TypeManager.icloneable_type)
                                                return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
                                
-                               // from the null type to any reference-type.
-                               if (expr is NullLiteral)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-
                                return null;
 
                        }
@@ -475,10 +536,10 @@ namespace CIR {
                        return null;
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //   Handles expressions like this: decimal d; d = 1;
-               //   and changes them into: decimal d; d = new System.Decimal (1);
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Handles expressions like this: decimal d; d = 1;
+               ///   and changes them into: decimal d; d = new System.Decimal (1);
+               /// </summary>
                static Expression InternalTypeConstructor (EmitContext ec, Expression expr, Type target)
                {
                        ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
@@ -491,13 +552,12 @@ namespace CIR {
                        return ne.Resolve (ec);
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //   Implicit Numeric Conversions.
-               //
-               //   expr is the expression to convert, returns a new expression of type
-               //   target_type or null if an implicit conversion is not possible.
-               //
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Implicit Numeric Conversions.
+               ///
+               ///   expr is the expression to convert, returns a new expression of type
+               ///   target_type or null if an implicit conversion is not possible.
+               /// </summary>
                static public Expression ImplicitNumericConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
                                                                    Type target_type, Location loc)
                {
@@ -506,173 +566,189 @@ namespace CIR {
                        //
                        // Attempt to do the implicit constant expression conversions
 
-                       if (expr is IntLiteral){
+                       if (expr is IntConstant){
                                Expression e;
                                
-                               e = TryImplicitIntConversion (target_type, (IntLiteral) expr);
+                               e = TryImplicitIntConversion (target_type, (IntConstant) expr);
+
                                if (e != null)
                                        return e;
-                       } else if (expr is LongLiteral){
+                       } else if (expr is LongConstant && target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
                                //
                                // Try the implicit constant expression conversion
                                // from long to ulong, instead of a nice routine,
                                // we just inline it
                                //
-                               if (((LongLiteral) expr).Value > 0)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
+                               long v = ((LongConstant) expr).Value;
+                               if (v > 0)
+                                       return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
                        }
+
+                       //
+                       // If we have an enumeration, extract the underlying type,
+                       // use this during the comparission, but wrap around the original
+                       // target_type
+                       //
+                       Type real_target_type = target_type;
+
+                       if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (real_target_type))
+                               real_target_type = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (real_target_type);
+
+                       if (expr_type == real_target_type)
+                               return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
                        
                        if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
                                //
                                // From sbyte to short, int, long, float, double.
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
                                        return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
                                //
                                // From byte to short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
                                // 
-                               if ((target_type == TypeManager.short_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type))
+                               if ((real_target_type == TypeManager.short_type) ||
+                                   (real_target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
+                                   (real_target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
+                                   (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type))
                                        return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
 
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
                                        return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type){
                                //
                                // From short to int, long, float, double
                                // 
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
                                        return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
                                        return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
                                //
                                // From ushort to int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
                                        return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
 
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
                                        return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
                                //
                                // From int to long, float, double
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
                                        return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
                                //
                                // From uint to long, ulong, float, double
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R_Un,
                                                               OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R_Un,
                                                               OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
                                        return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
                        } else if ((expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
                                   (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type)){
                                //
                                // From long/ulong to float, double
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R_Un,
                                                               OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R_Un,
                                                               OpCodes.Conv_R4);        
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
                                        return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type){
                                //
                                // From char to ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
                                // 
-                               if ((target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
-                                   (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type))
+                               if ((real_target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
+                                   (real_target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
+                                   (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type))
                                        return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
                                        return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type){
                                //
                                // float to double
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
                                        return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
                        }
 
                        return null;
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //  Determines if a standard implicit conversion exists from
-               //  expr_type to target_type
-               // </summary>
-               public static bool StandardConversionExists (Type expr_type, Type target_type)
+               /// <summary>
+               ///  Determines if a standard implicit conversion exists from
+               ///  expr_type to target_type
+               /// </summary>
+               public static bool StandardConversionExists (Expression expr, Type target_type)
                {
+                       Type expr_type = expr.Type;
+                       
                        if (expr_type == target_type)
                                return true;
 
                        // First numeric conversions 
-                       
+
                        if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
                                //
                                // From sbyte to short, int, long, float, double.
@@ -781,16 +857,22 @@ namespace CIR {
 
                        if (target_type == TypeManager.object_type) {
                                if ((expr_type.IsClass) ||
-                                   (expr_type.IsValueType))
+                                   (expr_type.IsValueType) ||
+                                   (expr_type.IsInterface))
                                        return true;
                                
                        } else if (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (target_type)) {
                                return true;
                                
                        } else {
+                               // Please remember that all code below actually comes
+                               // from ImplicitReferenceConversion so make sure code remains in sync
+                               
                                // from any class-type S to any interface-type T.
-                               if (expr_type.IsClass && target_type.IsInterface)
-                                       return true;
+                               if (expr_type.IsClass && target_type.IsInterface) {
+                                       if (TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (expr_type, target_type))
+                                               return true;
+                               }
                                
                                // from any interface type S to interface-type T.
                                // FIXME : Is it right to use IsAssignableFrom ?
@@ -803,10 +885,15 @@ namespace CIR {
                                        if (expr_type.GetArrayRank () == target_type.GetArrayRank ()) {
                                                
                                                Type expr_element_type = expr_type.GetElementType ();
+
+                                               if (MyEmptyExpr == null)
+                                                       MyEmptyExpr = new EmptyExpression ();
+                                               
+                                               MyEmptyExpr.SetType (expr_element_type);
                                                Type target_element_type = target_type.GetElementType ();
                                                
                                                if (!expr_element_type.IsValueType && !target_element_type.IsValueType)
-                                                       if (StandardConversionExists (expr_element_type,
+                                                       if (StandardConversionExists (MyEmptyExpr,
                                                                                      target_element_type))
                                                                return true;
                                        }
@@ -828,221 +915,466 @@ namespace CIR {
                                                return true;
                                
                                // from the null type to any reference-type.
-                               // FIXME : How do we do this ?
+                               if (expr is NullLiteral && !target_type.IsValueType)
+                                       return true;
+                               
+                       }
+
+                       if (expr is IntConstant){
+                               int value = ((IntConstant) expr).Value;
+
+                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
+                                       if (value >= SByte.MinValue && value <= SByte.MaxValue)
+                                               return true;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
+                                       if (Byte.MinValue >= 0 && value <= Byte.MaxValue)
+                                               return true;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type){
+                                       if (value >= Int16.MinValue && value <= Int16.MaxValue)
+                                               return true;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
+                                       if (value >= UInt16.MinValue && value <= UInt16.MaxValue)
+                                               return true;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
+                                       if (value >= 0)
+                                               return true;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
+                                        //
+                                        // we can optimize this case: a positive int32
+                                        // always fits on a uint64.  But we need an opcode
+                                        // to do it.
+                                        //
+                                       if (value >= 0)
+                                               return true;
+                               }
+                               
+                               if (value == 0 && expr is IntLiteral && TypeManager.IsEnumType (target_type))
+                                       return true;
+                       }
 
+                       if (expr is LongConstant && target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
+                               //
+                               // Try the implicit constant expression conversion
+                               // from long to ulong, instead of a nice routine,
+                               // we just inline it
+                               //
+                               long v = ((LongConstant) expr).Value;
+                               if (v > 0)
+                                       return true;
                        }
+                       
+                       if (target_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type) && expr is IntLiteral){
+                               IntLiteral i = (IntLiteral) expr;
 
+                               if (i.Value == 0)
+                                       return true;
+                       }
                        return false;
                }
+
+               //
+               // Used internally by FindMostEncompassedType, this is used
+               // to avoid creating lots of objects in the tight loop inside
+               // FindMostEncompassedType
+               //
+               static EmptyExpression priv_fmet_param;
                
-               // <summary>
-               //  Finds "most encompassed type" according to the spec (13.4.2)
-               //  amongst the methods in the MethodGroupExpr which convert from a
-               //  type encompassing source_type
-               // </summary>
-               static Type FindMostEncompassedType (MethodGroupExpr me, Type source_type)
+               /// <summary>
+               ///  Finds "most encompassed type" according to the spec (13.4.2)
+               ///  amongst the methods in the MethodGroupExpr
+               /// </summary>
+               static Type FindMostEncompassedType (ArrayList types)
                {
                        Type best = null;
-                       
-                       for (int i = me.Methods.Length; i > 0; ) {
-                               i--;
 
-                               MethodBase mb = me.Methods [i];
-                               ParameterData pd = Invocation.GetParameterData (mb);
-                               Type param_type = pd.ParameterType (0);
+                       if (priv_fmet_param == null)
+                               priv_fmet_param = new EmptyExpression ();
 
-                               if (StandardConversionExists (source_type, param_type)) {
-                                       if (best == null)
-                                               best = param_type;
-                                       
-                                       if (StandardConversionExists (param_type, best))
-                                               best = param_type;
+                       foreach (Type t in types){
+                               priv_fmet_param.SetType (t);
+                               
+                               if (best == null) {
+                                       best = t;
+                                       continue;
                                }
+                               
+                               if (StandardConversionExists (priv_fmet_param, best))
+                                       best = t;
                        }
 
                        return best;
                }
+
+               //
+               // Used internally by FindMostEncompassingType, this is used
+               // to avoid creating lots of objects in the tight loop inside
+               // FindMostEncompassingType
+               //
+               static EmptyExpression priv_fmee_ret;
                
-               // <summary>
-               //  Finds "most encompassing type" according to the spec (13.4.2)
-               //  amongst the methods in the MethodGroupExpr which convert to a
-               //  type encompassed by target_type
-               // </summary>
-               static Type FindMostEncompassingType (MethodGroupExpr me, Type target)
+               /// <summary>
+               ///  Finds "most encompassing type" according to the spec (13.4.2)
+               ///  amongst the types in the given set
+               /// </summary>
+               static Type FindMostEncompassingType (ArrayList types)
                {
                        Type best = null;
-                       
-                       for (int i = me.Methods.Length; i > 0; ) {
-                               i--;
-                               
-                               MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) me.Methods [i];
-                               Type ret_type = mi.ReturnType;
-                               
-                               if (StandardConversionExists (ret_type, target)) {
-                                       if (best == null)
-                                               best = ret_type;
 
-                                       if (!StandardConversionExists (ret_type, best))
-                                               best = ret_type;
+                       if (priv_fmee_ret == null)
+                               priv_fmee_ret = new EmptyExpression ();
+
+                       foreach (Type t in types){
+                               priv_fmee_ret.SetType (best);
+
+                               if (best == null) {
+                                       best = t;
+                                       continue;
                                }
-                               
+
+                               if (StandardConversionExists (priv_fmee_ret, t))
+                                       best = t;
                        }
                        
                        return best;
+               }
+
+               //
+               // Used to avoid creating too many objects
+               //
+               static EmptyExpression priv_fms_expr;
+               
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Finds the most specific source Sx according to the rules of the spec (13.4.4)
+               ///   by making use of FindMostEncomp* methods. Applies the correct rules separately
+               ///   for explicit and implicit conversion operators.
+               /// </summary>
+               static public Type FindMostSpecificSource (MethodGroupExpr me, Type source_type,
+                                                          bool apply_explicit_conv_rules,
+                                                          Location loc)
+               {
+                       ArrayList src_types_set = new ArrayList ();
+                       
+                       if (priv_fms_expr == null)
+                               priv_fms_expr = new EmptyExpression ();
+                       
+                       //
+                       // If any operator converts from S then Sx = S
+                       //
+                       foreach (MethodBase mb in me.Methods){
+                               ParameterData pd = Invocation.GetParameterData (mb);
+                               Type param_type = pd.ParameterType (0);
+
+                               if (param_type == source_type)
+                                       return param_type;
+
+                               if (apply_explicit_conv_rules) {
+                                       //
+                                       // From the spec :
+                                       // Find the set of applicable user-defined conversion operators, U.  This set
+                                       // consists of the
+                                       // user-defined implicit or explicit conversion operators declared by
+                                       // the classes or structs in D that convert from a type encompassing
+                                       // or encompassed by S to a type encompassing or encompassed by T
+                                       //
+                                       priv_fms_expr.SetType (param_type);
+                                       if (StandardConversionExists (priv_fms_expr, source_type))
+                                               src_types_set.Add (param_type);
+                                       else {
+                                               priv_fms_expr.SetType (source_type);
+                                               if (StandardConversionExists (priv_fms_expr, param_type))
+                                                       src_types_set.Add (param_type);
+                                       }
+                               } else {
+                                       //
+                                       // Only if S is encompassed by param_type
+                                       //
+                                       priv_fms_expr.SetType (source_type);
+                                       if (StandardConversionExists (priv_fms_expr, param_type))
+                                               src_types_set.Add (param_type);
+                               }
+                       }
+                       
+                       //
+                       // Explicit Conv rules
+                       //
+                       if (apply_explicit_conv_rules) {
+                               ArrayList candidate_set = new ArrayList ();
+
+                               foreach (Type param_type in src_types_set){
+                                       priv_fms_expr.SetType (source_type);
+                                       
+                                       if (StandardConversionExists (priv_fms_expr, param_type))
+                                               candidate_set.Add (param_type);
+                               }
+
+                               if (candidate_set.Count != 0)
+                                       return FindMostEncompassedType (candidate_set);
+                       }
 
+                       //
+                       // Final case
+                       //
+                       if (apply_explicit_conv_rules)
+                               return FindMostEncompassingType (src_types_set);
+                       else
+                               return FindMostEncompassedType (src_types_set);
                }
+
+               //
+               // Useful in avoiding proliferation of objects
+               //
+               static EmptyExpression priv_fmt_expr;
                
+               /// <summary>
+               ///  Finds the most specific target Tx according to section 13.4.4
+               /// </summary>
+               static public Type FindMostSpecificTarget (MethodGroupExpr me, Type target,
+                                                          bool apply_explicit_conv_rules,
+                                                          Location loc)
+               {
+                       ArrayList tgt_types_set = new ArrayList ();
+                       
+                       if (priv_fmt_expr == null)
+                               priv_fmt_expr = new EmptyExpression ();
+                       
+                       //
+                       // If any operator converts to T then Tx = T
+                       //
+                       foreach (MethodInfo mi in me.Methods){
+                               Type ret_type = mi.ReturnType;
+
+                               if (ret_type == target)
+                                       return ret_type;
+
+                               if (apply_explicit_conv_rules) {
+                                       //
+                                       // From the spec :
+                                       // Find the set of applicable user-defined conversion operators, U.
+                                       //
+                                       // This set consists of the
+                                       // user-defined implicit or explicit conversion operators declared by
+                                       // the classes or structs in D that convert from a type encompassing
+                                       // or encompassed by S to a type encompassing or encompassed by T
+                                       //
+                                       priv_fms_expr.SetType (ret_type);
+                                       if (StandardConversionExists (priv_fms_expr, target))
+                                               tgt_types_set.Add (ret_type);
+                                       else {
+                                               priv_fms_expr.SetType (target);
+                                               if (StandardConversionExists (priv_fms_expr, ret_type))
+                                                       tgt_types_set.Add (ret_type);
+                                       }
+                               } else {
+                                       //
+                                       // Only if T is encompassed by param_type
+                                       //
+                                       priv_fms_expr.SetType (ret_type);
+                                       if (StandardConversionExists (priv_fms_expr, target))
+                                               tgt_types_set.Add (ret_type);
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       //
+                       // Explicit conv rules
+                       //
+                       if (apply_explicit_conv_rules) {
+                               ArrayList candidate_set = new ArrayList ();
+
+                               foreach (Type ret_type in tgt_types_set){
+                                       priv_fmt_expr.SetType (ret_type);
+                                       
+                                       if (StandardConversionExists (priv_fmt_expr, target))
+                                               candidate_set.Add (ret_type);
+                               }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //  User-defined Implicit conversions
-               // </summary>
+                               if (candidate_set.Count != 0)
+                                       return FindMostEncompassingType (candidate_set);
+                       }
+                       
+                       //
+                       // Okay, final case !
+                       //
+                       if (apply_explicit_conv_rules)
+                               return FindMostEncompassedType (tgt_types_set);
+                       else
+                               return FindMostEncompassingType (tgt_types_set);
+               }
+               
+               /// <summary>
+               ///  User-defined Implicit conversions
+               /// </summary>
                static public Expression ImplicitUserConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression source,
                                                                 Type target, Location loc)
                {
                        return UserDefinedConversion (ec, source, target, loc, false);
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //  User-defined Explicit conversions
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///  User-defined Explicit conversions
+               /// </summary>
                static public Expression ExplicitUserConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression source,
                                                                 Type target, Location loc)
                {
                        return UserDefinedConversion (ec, source, target, loc, true);
                }
-               
-               // <summary>
-               //   User-defined conversions
-               // </summary>
-               static public Expression UserDefinedConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression source,
-                                                               Type target, Location loc,
-                                                               bool look_for_explicit)
+
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Computes the MethodGroup for the user-defined conversion
+               ///   operators from source_type to target_type.  `look_for_explicit'
+               ///   controls whether we should also include the list of explicit
+               ///   operators
+               /// </summary>
+               static MethodGroupExpr GetConversionOperators (EmitContext ec,
+                                                              Type source_type, Type target_type,
+                                                              Location loc, bool look_for_explicit)
                {
-                       Expression mg1 = null, mg2 = null, mg3 = null, mg4 = null;
+                       Expression mg1 = null, mg2 = null;
                        Expression mg5 = null, mg6 = null, mg7 = null, mg8 = null;
-                       Expression e;
-                       MethodBase method = null;
-                       Type source_type = source.Type;
-
                        string op_name;
-                       
-                       // If we have a boolean type, we need to check for the True operator
 
+                       //
                        // FIXME : How does the False operator come into the picture ?
-                       // FIXME : This doesn't look complete and very correct !
-                       if (target == TypeManager.bool_type)
+                       // This doesn't look complete and very correct !
+                       //
+                       if (target_type == TypeManager.bool_type && !look_for_explicit)
                                op_name = "op_True";
                        else
                                op_name = "op_Implicit";
                        
-                       mg1 = MemberLookup (ec, source_type, op_name, false, loc);
-
-                       if (source_type.BaseType != null)
-                               mg2 = MemberLookup (ec, source_type.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
+                       MethodGroupExpr union3;
                        
-                       mg3 = MemberLookup (ec, target, op_name, false, loc);
+                       mg1 = MethodLookup (ec, source_type, op_name, loc);
+                       if (source_type.BaseType != null)
+                               mg2 = MethodLookup (ec, source_type.BaseType, op_name, loc);
 
-                       if (target.BaseType != null)
-                               mg4 = MemberLookup (ec, target.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
+                       if (mg1 == null)
+                               union3 = (MethodGroupExpr) mg2;
+                       else if (mg2 == null)
+                               union3 = (MethodGroupExpr) mg1;
+                       else
+                               union3 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg1, mg2, loc);
 
-                       MethodGroupExpr union1 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg1, mg2);
-                       MethodGroupExpr union2 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg3, mg4);
+                       mg1 = MethodLookup (ec, target_type, op_name, loc);
+                       if (mg1 != null){
+                               if (union3 != null)
+                                       union3 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (union3, mg1, loc);
+                               else
+                                       union3 = (MethodGroupExpr) mg1;
+                       }
 
-                       MethodGroupExpr union3 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (union1, union2);
+                       if (target_type.BaseType != null)
+                               mg1 = MethodLookup (ec, target_type.BaseType, op_name, loc);
+                       
+                       if (mg1 != null){
+                               if (union3 != null)
+                                       union3 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (union3, mg1, loc);
+                               else
+                                       union3 = (MethodGroupExpr) mg1;
+                       }
 
                        MethodGroupExpr union4 = null;
 
                        if (look_for_explicit) {
-
                                op_name = "op_Explicit";
-                               
-                               mg5 = MemberLookup (ec, source_type, op_name, false, loc);
 
+                               mg5 = MemberLookup (ec, source_type, op_name, loc);
                                if (source_type.BaseType != null)
-                                       mg6 = MemberLookup (ec, source_type.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
+                                       mg6 = MethodLookup (ec, source_type.BaseType, op_name, loc);
                                
-                               mg7 = MemberLookup (ec, target, op_name, false, loc);
+                               mg7 = MemberLookup (ec, target_type, op_name, loc);
+                               if (target_type.BaseType != null)
+                                       mg8 = MethodLookup (ec, target_type.BaseType, op_name, loc);
                                
-                               if (target.BaseType != null)
-                                       mg8 = MemberLookup (ec, target.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
-                               
-                               MethodGroupExpr union5 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg5, mg6);
-                               MethodGroupExpr union6 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg7, mg8);
+                               MethodGroupExpr union5 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg5, mg6, loc);
+                               MethodGroupExpr union6 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg7, mg8, loc);
 
-                               union4 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (union5, union6);
+                               union4 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (union5, union6, loc);
                        }
                        
-                       MethodGroupExpr union = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (union3, union4);
-
-                       if (union != null) {
+                       return Invocation.MakeUnionSet (union3, union4, loc);
+               }
+               
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   User-defined conversions
+               /// </summary>
+               static public Expression UserDefinedConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression source,
+                                                               Type target, Location loc,
+                                                               bool look_for_explicit)
+               {
+                       MethodGroupExpr union;
+                       Type source_type = source.Type;
+                       MethodBase method = null;
+                       
+                       union = GetConversionOperators (ec, source_type, target, loc, look_for_explicit);
+                       if (union == null)
+                               return null;
+                       
+                       Type most_specific_source, most_specific_target;
 
-                               Type most_specific_source, most_specific_target;
+#if BLAH
+                       foreach (MethodBase m in union.Methods){
+                               Console.WriteLine ("Name: " + m.Name);
+                               Console.WriteLine ("    : " + ((MethodInfo)m).ReturnType);
+                       }
+#endif
+                       
+                       most_specific_source = FindMostSpecificSource (union, source_type, look_for_explicit, loc);
+                       if (most_specific_source == null)
+                               return null;
 
-                               most_specific_source = FindMostEncompassedType (union, source_type);
-                               if (most_specific_source == null)
-                                       return null;
+                       most_specific_target = FindMostSpecificTarget (union, target, look_for_explicit, loc);
+                       if (most_specific_target == null) 
+                               return null;
+                       
+                       Console.WriteLine ("S:T" + most_specific_source + ":" + most_specific_target);
+                       int count = 0;
 
-                               most_specific_target = FindMostEncompassingType (union, target);
-                               if (most_specific_target == null) 
-                                       return null;
-                               
-                               int count = 0;
+                       foreach (MethodBase mb in union.Methods){
+                               ParameterData pd = Invocation.GetParameterData (mb);
+                               MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) mb;
                                
-                               for (int i = union.Methods.Length; i > 0;) {
-                                       i--;
-
-                                       MethodBase mb = union.Methods [i];
-                                       ParameterData pd = Invocation.GetParameterData (mb);
-                                       MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) union.Methods [i];
-
-                                       if (pd.ParameterType (0) == most_specific_source &&
-                                           mi.ReturnType == most_specific_target) {
-                                               method = mb;
-                                               count++;
-                                       }
-                               }
-
-                               if (method == null || count > 1) {
-                                       Report.Error (-11, loc, "Ambiguous user defined conversion");
-                                       return null;
+                               if (pd.ParameterType (0) == most_specific_source &&
+                                   mi.ReturnType == most_specific_target) {
+                                       method = mb;
+                                       count++;
                                }
-                               
-                               //
-                               // This will do the conversion to the best match that we
-                               // found.  Now we need to perform an implict standard conversion
-                               // if the best match was not the type that we were requested
-                               // by target.
-                               //
-                               if (look_for_explicit)
-                                       source = ConvertExplicitStandard (ec, source, most_specific_source, loc);
-                               else
-                                       source = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, source,
-                                                                         most_specific_source, loc);
-
-                               if (source == null)
-                                       return null;
-                               
-                               e =  new UserCast ((MethodInfo) method, source);
-                               
-                               if (e.Type != target){
-                                       if (!look_for_explicit)
-                                               e = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, e, target, loc);
-                                       else
-                                               e = ConvertExplicitStandard (ec, e, target, loc);
-
-                                       return e;
-                               } else
-                                       return e;
                        }
                        
-                       return null;
+                       if (method == null || count > 1) {
+                               Report.Error (-11, loc, "Ambiguous user defined conversion");
+                               return null;
+                       }
+                       
+                       //
+                       // This will do the conversion to the best match that we
+                       // found.  Now we need to perform an implict standard conversion
+                       // if the best match was not the type that we were requested
+                       // by target.
+                       //
+                       if (look_for_explicit)
+                               source = ConvertExplicitStandard (ec, source, most_specific_source, loc);
+                       else
+                               source = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, source, most_specific_source, loc);
+
+                       if (source == null)
+                               return null;
+
+                       Expression e;
+                       e =  new UserCast ((MethodInfo) method, source);
+                       if (e.Type != target){
+                               if (!look_for_explicit)
+                                       e = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, e, target, loc);
+                               else
+                                       e = ConvertExplicitStandard (ec, e, target, loc);
+                       } 
+                       return e;
                }
                
-               // <summary>
-               //   Converts implicitly the resolved expression `expr' into the
-               //   `target_type'.  It returns a new expression that can be used
-               //   in a context that expects a `target_type'. 
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Converts implicitly the resolved expression `expr' into the
+               ///   `target_type'.  It returns a new expression that can be used
+               ///   in a context that expects a `target_type'. 
+               /// </summary>
                static public Expression ConvertImplicit (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
                                                          Type target_type, Location loc)
                {
@@ -1052,11 +1384,10 @@ namespace CIR {
                        if (expr_type == target_type)
                                return expr;
 
-                       e = ImplicitNumericConversion (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
-                       if (e != null)
-                               return e;
+                       if (target_type == null)
+                               throw new Exception ("Target type is null");
 
-                       e = ImplicitReferenceConversion (expr, target_type);
+                       e = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
                        if (e != null)
                                return e;
 
@@ -1064,27 +1395,20 @@ namespace CIR {
                        if (e != null)
                                return e;
 
-                       if (target_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type) && expr is IntLiteral){
-                               IntLiteral i = (IntLiteral) expr;
-
-                               if (i.Value == 0)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                       }
-
                        return null;
                }
 
                
-               // <summary>
-               //   Attempts to apply the `Standard Implicit
-               //   Conversion' rules to the expression `expr' into
-               //   the `target_type'.  It returns a new expression
-               //   that can be used in a context that expects a
-               //   `target_type'.
-               //
-               //   This is different from `ConvertImplicit' in that the
-               //   user defined implicit conversions are excluded. 
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Attempts to apply the `Standard Implicit
+               ///   Conversion' rules to the expression `expr' into
+               ///   the `target_type'.  It returns a new expression
+               ///   that can be used in a context that expects a
+               ///   `target_type'.
+               ///
+               ///   This is different from `ConvertImplicit' in that the
+               ///   user defined implicit conversions are excluded. 
+               /// </summary>
                static public Expression ConvertImplicitStandard (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
                                                                  Type target_type, Location loc)
                {
@@ -1108,36 +1432,58 @@ namespace CIR {
                                if (i.Value == 0)
                                        return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
                        }
+
+                       if (ec.InUnsafe) {
+                               if (expr_type.IsPointer){
+                                       if (target_type == TypeManager.void_ptr_type)
+                                               return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
+
+                                       //
+                                       // yep, comparing pointer types cant be done with
+                                       // t1 == t2, we have to compare their element types.
+                                       //
+                                       if (target_type.IsPointer){
+                                               if (target_type.GetElementType()==expr_type.GetElementType())
+                                                       return expr;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               
+                               if (target_type.IsPointer){
+                                       if (expr is NullLiteral)
+                                               return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
+                               }
+                       }
+
                        return null;
                }
-               // <summary>
-               //   Attemps to perform an implict constant conversion of the IntLiteral
-               //   into a different data type using casts (See Implicit Constant
-               //   Expression Conversions)
-               // </summary>
-               static protected Expression TryImplicitIntConversion (Type target_type, IntLiteral il)
+
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Attemps to perform an implict constant conversion of the IntConstant
+               ///   into a different data type using casts (See Implicit Constant
+               ///   Expression Conversions)
+               /// </summary>
+               static protected Expression TryImplicitIntConversion (Type target_type, IntConstant ic)
                {
-                       int value = il.Value;
-                       
+                       int value = ic.Value;
+
+                       //
+                       // FIXME: This could return constants instead of EmptyCasts
+                       //
                        if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
                                if (value >= SByte.MinValue && value <= SByte.MaxValue)
-                                       return il;
+                                       return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) value);
                        } else if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
                                if (Byte.MinValue >= 0 && value <= Byte.MaxValue)
-                                       return il;
+                                       return new ByteConstant ((byte) value);
                        } else if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type){
                                if (value >= Int16.MinValue && value <= Int16.MaxValue)
-                                       return il;
+                                       return new ShortConstant ((short) value);
                        } else if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
                                if (value >= UInt16.MinValue && value <= UInt16.MaxValue)
-                                       return il;
+                                       return new UShortConstant ((ushort) value);
                        } else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
-                               //
-                               // we can optimize this case: a positive int32
-                               // always fits on a uint32
-                               //
                                if (value >= 0)
-                                       return il;
+                                       return new UIntConstant ((uint) value);
                        } else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
                                //
                                // we can optimize this case: a positive int32
@@ -1145,202 +1491,226 @@ namespace CIR {
                                // to do it.
                                //
                                if (value >= 0)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (il, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
+                                       return new ULongConstant ((ulong) value);
                        }
+                       
+                       if (value == 0 && ic is IntLiteral && TypeManager.IsEnumType (target_type))
+                               return new EnumConstant (ic, target_type);
 
                        return null;
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //   Attemptes to implicityly convert `target' into `type', using
-               //   ConvertImplicit.  If there is no implicit conversion, then
-               //   an error is signaled
-               // </summary>
-               static public Expression ConvertImplicitRequired (EmitContext ec, Expression target,
-                                                                 Type type, Location loc)
+               static public void Error_CannotConvertImplicit (Location loc, Type source, Type target)
+               {
+                       string msg = "Cannot convert implicitly from `"+
+                               TypeManager.CSharpName (source) + "' to `" +
+                               TypeManager.CSharpName (target) + "'";
+
+                       Error (29, loc, msg);
+               }
+
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Attemptes to implicityly convert `target' into `type', using
+               ///   ConvertImplicit.  If there is no implicit conversion, then
+               ///   an error is signaled
+               /// </summary>
+               static public Expression ConvertImplicitRequired (EmitContext ec, Expression source,
+                                                                 Type target_type, Location loc)
                {
                        Expression e;
                        
-                       e = ConvertImplicit (ec, target, type, loc);
+                       e = ConvertImplicit (ec, source, target_type, loc);
                        if (e != null)
                                return e;
-                       
-                       string msg = "Can not convert implicitly from `"+
-                               TypeManager.CSharpName (target.Type) + "' to `" +
-                               TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "'";
 
-                       Error (29, loc, msg);
+                       if (source is DoubleLiteral && target_type == TypeManager.float_type){
+                               Error (664, loc,
+                                      "Double literal cannot be implicitly converted to " +
+                                      "float type, use F suffix to create a float literal");
+                       }
+                       
+                       Error_CannotConvertImplicit (loc, source.Type, target_type);
 
                        return null;
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //   Performs the explicit numeric conversions
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Performs the explicit numeric conversions
+               /// </summary>
                static Expression ConvertNumericExplicit (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
                                                          Type target_type)
                {
                        Type expr_type = expr.Type;
-                       
+
+                       //
+                       // If we have an enumeration, extract the underlying type,
+                       // use this during the comparission, but wrap around the original
+                       // target_type
+                       //
+                       Type real_target_type = target_type;
+
+                       if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (real_target_type))
+                               real_target_type = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (real_target_type);
+
                        if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
                                //
                                // From sbyte to byte, ushort, uint, ulong, char
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I1_U1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I1_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I1_U4);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I1_U8);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I1_CH);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
                                //
                                // From byte to sbyte and char
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U1_I1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U1_CH);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type){
                                //
                                // From short to sbyte, byte, ushort, uint, ulong, char
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I2_I1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I2_U1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I2_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I2_U4);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I2_U8);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I2_CH);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
                                //
                                // From ushort to sbyte, byte, short, char
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U2_I1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U2_U1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U2_I2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U2_CH);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
                                //
                                // From int to sbyte, byte, short, ushort, uint, ulong, char
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I4_I1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I4_U1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I4_I2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I4_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I4_U4);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I4_U8);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I4_CH);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
                                //
                                // From uint to sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, char
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U4_I1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U4_U1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U4_I2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U4_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U4_I4);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U4_CH);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
                                //
                                // From long to sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, ulong, char
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I8_I1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I8_U1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I8_I2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I8_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I8_I4);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I8_U4);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I8_U8);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.I8_CH);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
                                //
                                // From ulong to sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, char
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                                       return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U8_I1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U8_U1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U8_I2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U8_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U8_I4);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U8_U4);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U8_I8);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.U8_CH);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type){
                                //
                                // From char to sbyte, byte, short
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.CH_I1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.CH_U1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.CH_I2);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type){
                                //
                                // From float to sbyte, byte, short,
                                // ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char
                                // or decimal
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R4_I1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R4_U1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R4_I2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R4_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R4_I4);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R4_U4);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R4_I8);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R4_U8);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R4_CH);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
                                        return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
                        } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.double_type){
                                //
@@ -1348,27 +1718,27 @@ namespace CIR {
                                // ushort, int, uint, long, ulong,
                                // char, float or decimal
                                //
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
-                                       return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
-                               if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R8_I1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R8_U1);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R8_I2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R8_U2);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R8_I4);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R8_U4);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R8_I8);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R8_U8);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R8_CH);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
+                                       return new ConvCast (ec, expr, target_type, ConvCast.Mode.R8_R4);
+                               if (real_target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
                                        return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
                        } 
 
@@ -1377,10 +1747,10 @@ namespace CIR {
                        return null;
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //  Returns whether an explicit reference conversion can be performed
-               //  from source_type to target_type
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///  Returns whether an explicit reference conversion can be performed
+               ///  from source_type to target_type
+               /// </summary>
                static bool ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (Type source_type, Type target_type)
                {
                        bool target_is_value_type = target_type.IsValueType;
@@ -1409,11 +1779,11 @@ namespace CIR {
                        }
                            
                        //
-                       // From any class type S to any interface T, provides S is not sealed
+                       // From any class type S to any interface T, provided S is not sealed
                        // and provided S does not implement T.
                        //
                        if (target_type.IsInterface && !source_type.IsSealed &&
-                           !target_type.IsAssignableFrom (source_type))
+                           !TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (source_type, target_type))
                                return true;
 
                        //
@@ -1421,9 +1791,10 @@ namespace CIR {
                        // sealed, or provided T implements S.
                        //
                        if (source_type.IsInterface &&
-                           (!target_type.IsSealed || source_type.IsAssignableFrom (target_type)))
+                           (!target_type.IsSealed || TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (target_type, source_type)))
                                return true;
-
+                       
+                       
                        // From an array type S with an element type Se to an array type T with an 
                        // element type Te provided all the following are true:
                        //     * S and T differe only in element type, in other words, S and T
@@ -1469,14 +1840,14 @@ namespace CIR {
                        return false;
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //   Implements Explicit Reference conversions
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Implements Explicit Reference conversions
+               /// </summary>
                static Expression ConvertReferenceExplicit (Expression source, Type target_type)
                {
                        Type source_type = source.Type;
                        bool target_is_value_type = target_type.IsValueType;
-                       
+
                        //
                        // From object to any reference type
                        //
@@ -1494,9 +1865,6 @@ namespace CIR {
                        // From any interface type S to any interface T provided S is not derived from T
                        //
                        if (source_type.IsInterface && target_type.IsInterface){
-
-                               Type [] ifaces = source_type.GetInterfaces ();
-
                                if (TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (source_type, target_type))
                                        return null;
                                else
@@ -1508,7 +1876,6 @@ namespace CIR {
                        // and provided S does not implement T.
                        //
                        if (target_type.IsInterface && !source_type.IsSealed) {
-                               
                                if (TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (source_type, target_type))
                                        return null;
                                else
@@ -1521,11 +1888,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                        // sealed, or provided T implements S.
                        //
                        if (source_type.IsInterface) {
-
-                               if (target_type.IsSealed)
-                                       return null;
-                               
-                               if (TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (target_type, source_type))
+                               if (!target_type.IsSealed || TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (target_type, source_type))
                                        return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
                                else
                                        return null;
@@ -1576,13 +1939,14 @@ namespace CIR {
                        return null;
                }
                
-               // <summary>
-               //   Performs an explicit conversion of the expression `expr' whose
-               //   type is expr.Type to `target_type'.
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Performs an explicit conversion of the expression `expr' whose
+               ///   type is expr.Type to `target_type'.
+               /// </summary>
                static public Expression ConvertExplicit (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
                                                          Type target_type, Location loc)
                {
+                       Type expr_type = expr.Type;
                        Expression ne = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
 
                        if (ne != null)
@@ -1592,22 +1956,96 @@ namespace CIR {
                        if (ne != null)
                                return ne;
 
+                       //
+                       // Unboxing conversion.
+                       //
+                       if (expr_type == TypeManager.object_type && target_type.IsValueType)
+                               return new UnboxCast (expr, target_type);
+
+                       //
+                       // Enum types
+                       //
+                       if (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)) {
+                               Expression e;
+
+                               //
+                               // FIXME: Is there any reason we should have EnumConstant
+                               // dealt with here instead of just using always the
+                               // UnderlyingSystemType to wrap the type?
+                               //
+                               if (expr is EnumConstant)
+                                       e = ((EnumConstant) expr).Child;
+                               else {
+                                       e = new EmptyCast (expr, TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (expr_type));
+                               }
+                               
+                               Expression t = ConvertImplicit (ec, e, target_type, loc);
+                               if (t != null)
+                                       return t;
+                               
+                               return ConvertNumericExplicit (ec, e, target_type);
+                       }
+                       
                        ne = ConvertReferenceExplicit (expr, target_type);
                        if (ne != null)
                                return ne;
 
+                       if (ec.InUnsafe){
+                               if (target_type.IsPointer){
+                                       if (expr_type.IsPointer)
+                                               return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
+                                       
+                                       if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
+                                           expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type ||
+                                           expr_type == TypeManager.short_type ||
+                                           expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
+                                           expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type ||
+                                           expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
+                                           expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
+                                           expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                                               return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U);
+                               }
+                               if (expr_type.IsPointer){
+                                       if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
+                                           target_type == TypeManager.byte_type ||
+                                           target_type == TypeManager.short_type ||
+                                           target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
+                                           target_type == TypeManager.int32_type ||
+                                           target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
+                                           target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
+                                           target_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
+                                               Expression e = new EmptyCast (expr, TypeManager.uint32_type);
+                                               Expression ci, ce;
+
+                                               ci = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, e, target_type, loc);
+
+                                               if (ci != null)
+                                                       return ci;
+
+                                               ce = ConvertNumericExplicit (ec, e, target_type);
+                                               if (ce != null)
+                                                       return ce;
+                                               //
+                                               // We should always be able to go from an uint32
+                                               // implicitly or explicitly to the other integral
+                                               // types
+                                               //
+                                               throw new Exception ("Internal compiler error");
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+                       
                        ne = ExplicitUserConversion (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
                        if (ne != null)
                                return ne;
 
-                       Report.Error (30, loc, "Cannot convert type '" + TypeManager.CSharpName (expr.Type) + "' to '"
-                                     + TypeManager.CSharpName (target_type) + "'");
+                       Error_CannotConvertType (loc, expr_type, target_type);
                        return null;
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //   Same as ConverExplicit, only it doesn't include user defined conversions
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Same as ConvertExplicit, only it doesn't include user defined conversions
+               /// </summary>
                static public Expression ConvertExplicitStandard (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
                                                                  Type target_type, Location l)
                {
@@ -1624,9 +2062,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                        if (ne != null)
                                return ne;
 
-                       Report.Error (30, l, "Cannot convert type '" +
-                                     TypeManager.CSharpName (expr.Type) + "' to '" + 
-                                     TypeManager.CSharpName (target_type) + "'");
+                       Error_CannotConvertType (l, expr.Type, target_type);
                        return null;
                }
 
@@ -1657,69 +2093,435 @@ namespace CIR {
                        throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
                }
                
-               // <summary>
-               //   Reports that we were expecting `expr' to be of class `expected'
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Reports that we were expecting `expr' to be of class `expected'
+               /// </summary>
                protected void report118 (Location loc, Expression expr, string expected)
                {
                        string kind = "Unknown";
                        
                        if (expr != null)
-                               kind = ExprClassName (expr.ExprClass);
+                               kind = ExprClassName (expr.eclass);
 
-                       Error (118, loc, "Expression denotes a '" + kind +
-                              "' where an " + expected + " was expected");
+                       Error (118, loc, "Expression denotes a `" + kind +
+                              "' where a `" + expected + "' was expected");
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //   This function tries to reduce the expression performing
-               //   constant folding and common subexpression elimination
-               // </summary>
-               static public Expression Reduce (EmitContext ec, Expression e)
+               static void Error_ConstantValueCannotBeConverted (Location l, string val, Type t)
                {
-                       //Console.WriteLine ("Calling reduce");
-                       return e.Reduce (ec);
+                       Report.Error (31, l, "Constant value `" + val + "' cannot be converted to " +
+                                     TypeManager.CSharpName (t));
+               }
+
+               public static void UnsafeError (Location loc)
+               {
+                       Report.Error (214, loc, "Pointers may only be used in an unsafe context");
+               }
+               
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Converts the IntConstant, UIntConstant, LongConstant or
+               ///   ULongConstant into the integral target_type.   Notice
+               ///   that we do not return an `Expression' we do return
+               ///   a boxed integral type.
+               ///
+               ///   FIXME: Since I added the new constants, we need to
+               ///   also support conversions from CharConstant, ByteConstant,
+               ///   SByteConstant, UShortConstant, ShortConstant
+               ///
+               ///   This is used by the switch statement, so the domain
+               ///   of work is restricted to the literals above, and the
+               ///   targets are int32, uint32, char, byte, sbyte, ushort,
+               ///   short, uint64 and int64
+               /// </summary>
+               public static object ConvertIntLiteral (Constant c, Type target_type, Location loc)
+               {
+                       string s = "";
+
+                       if (c.Type == target_type)
+                               return ((Constant) c).GetValue ();
+
+                       //
+                       // Make into one of the literals we handle, we dont really care
+                       // about this value as we will just return a few limited types
+                       // 
+                       if (c is EnumConstant)
+                               c = ((EnumConstant)c).WidenToCompilerConstant ();
+
+                       if (c is IntConstant){
+                               int v = ((IntConstant) c).Value;
+                               
+                               if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
+                                       if (v >= 0)
+                                               return (uint) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type){
+                                       if (v >= Char.MinValue && v <= Char.MaxValue)
+                                               return (char) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
+                                       if (v >= Byte.MinValue && v <= Byte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (byte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
+                                       if (v >= SByte.MinValue && v <= SByte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (sbyte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type){
+                                       if (v >= Int16.MinValue && v <= UInt16.MaxValue)
+                                               return (short) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
+                                       if (v >= UInt16.MinValue && v <= UInt16.MaxValue)
+                                               return (ushort) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                                       return (long) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
+                                       if (v > 0)
+                                               return (ulong) v;
+                               }
+
+                               s = v.ToString ();
+                       } else if (c is UIntConstant){
+                               uint v = ((UIntConstant) c).Value;
+
+                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
+                                       if (v <= Int32.MaxValue)
+                                               return (int) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type){
+                                       if (v >= Char.MinValue && v <= Char.MaxValue)
+                                               return (char) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
+                                       if (v <= Byte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (byte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
+                                       if (v <= SByte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (sbyte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type){
+                                       if (v <= UInt16.MaxValue)
+                                               return (short) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
+                                       if (v <= UInt16.MaxValue)
+                                               return (ushort) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                                       return (long) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                                       return (ulong) v;
+                               s = v.ToString ();
+                       } else if (c is LongConstant){ 
+                               long v = ((LongConstant) c).Value;
+
+                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
+                                       if (v >= UInt32.MinValue && v <= UInt32.MaxValue)
+                                               return (int) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
+                                       if (v >= 0 && v <= UInt32.MaxValue)
+                                               return (uint) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type){
+                                       if (v >= Char.MinValue && v <= Char.MaxValue)
+                                               return (char) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
+                                       if (v >= Byte.MinValue && v <= Byte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (byte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
+                                       if (v >= SByte.MinValue && v <= SByte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (sbyte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type){
+                                       if (v >= Int16.MinValue && v <= UInt16.MaxValue)
+                                               return (short) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
+                                       if (v >= UInt16.MinValue && v <= UInt16.MaxValue)
+                                               return (ushort) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
+                                       if (v > 0)
+                                               return (ulong) v;
+                               }
+                               s = v.ToString ();
+                       } else if (c is ULongConstant){
+                               ulong v = ((ULongConstant) c).Value;
+
+                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
+                                       if (v <= Int32.MaxValue)
+                                               return (int) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
+                                       if (v <= UInt32.MaxValue)
+                                               return (uint) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type){
+                                       if (v >= Char.MinValue && v <= Char.MaxValue)
+                                               return (char) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
+                                       if (v >= Byte.MinValue && v <= Byte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (byte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
+                                       if (v <= (int) SByte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (sbyte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type){
+                                       if (v <= UInt16.MaxValue)
+                                               return (short) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
+                                       if (v <= UInt16.MaxValue)
+                                               return (ushort) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
+                                       if (v <= Int64.MaxValue)
+                                               return (long) v;
+                               }
+                               s = v.ToString ();
+                       } else if (c is ByteConstant){
+                               byte v = ((ByteConstant) c).Value;
+                               
+                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                                       return (int) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                                       return (uint) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
+                                       return (char) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
+                                       if (v <= SByte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (sbyte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
+                                       return (short) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                                       return (ushort) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                                       return (long) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                                       return (ulong) v;
+                               s = v.ToString ();
+                       } else if (c is SByteConstant){
+                               sbyte v = ((SByteConstant) c).Value;
+                               
+                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                                       return (int) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
+                                       if (v >= 0)
+                                               return (uint) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type){
+                                       if (v >= 0)
+                                               return (char) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
+                                       if (v >= 0)
+                                               return (byte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
+                                       return (short) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
+                                       if (v >= 0)
+                                               return (ushort) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                                       return (long) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
+                                       if (v >= 0)
+                                               return (ulong) v;
+                               }
+                               s = v.ToString ();
+                       } else if (c is ShortConstant){
+                               short v = ((ShortConstant) c).Value;
+                               
+                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
+                                       return (int) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
+                                       if (v >= 0)
+                                               return (uint) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type){
+                                       if (v >= 0)
+                                               return (char) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
+                                       if (v >= Byte.MinValue && v <= Byte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (byte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
+                                       if (v >= SByte.MinValue && v <= SByte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (sbyte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
+                                       if (v >= 0)
+                                               return (ushort) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                                       return (long) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                                       return (ulong) v;
+
+                               s = v.ToString ();
+                       } else if (c is UShortConstant){
+                               ushort v = ((UShortConstant) c).Value;
+                               
+                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                                       return (int) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                                       return (uint) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type){
+                                       if (v >= Char.MinValue && v <= Char.MaxValue)
+                                               return (char) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
+                                       if (v >= Byte.MinValue && v <= Byte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (byte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
+                                       if (v <= SByte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (byte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type){
+                                       if (v <= Int16.MaxValue)
+                                               return (short) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                                       return (long) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                                       return (ulong) v;
+
+                               s = v.ToString ();
+                       } else if (c is CharConstant){
+                               char v = ((CharConstant) c).Value;
+                               
+                               if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                                       return (int) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                                       return (uint) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
+                                       if (v >= Byte.MinValue && v <= Byte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (byte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
+                                       if (v <= SByte.MaxValue)
+                                               return (sbyte) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type){
+                                       if (v <= Int16.MaxValue)
+                                               return (short) v;
+                               } else if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                                       return (short) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                                       return (long) v;
+                               else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                                       return (ulong) v;
+
+                               s = v.ToString ();
+                       }
+                       Error_ConstantValueCannotBeConverted (loc, s, target_type);
+                       return null;
+               }
+
+               //
+               // Load the object from the pointer.  The `IsReference' is used
+               // to control whether we should use Ldind_Ref or LdObj if the
+               // value is not a `core' type.
+               //
+               // Maybe we should try to extract this infromation form the type?
+               // TODO: Maybe this is a bug.  The reason we have this flag is because
+               // I had almost identical code in ParameterReference (for handling
+               // references) and in UnboxCast.
+               //
+               public static void LoadFromPtr (ILGenerator ig, Type t, bool IsReference)
+               {
+                       if (t == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_I4);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_U4);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.short_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_I2);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_U2);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.char_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_U2);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_U1);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_I1);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_I8);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_I8);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_R4);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_R8);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.bool_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_I1);
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.intptr_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_I);
+                       else if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (t)){
+                               LoadFromPtr (ig, TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (t), IsReference);
+                       } else {
+                               if (IsReference)
+                                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_Ref);
+                               else 
+                                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldobj, t);
+                       }
                }
-       }
 
-       // <summary>
-       //   This is just a base class for expressions that can
-       //   appear on statements (invocations, object creation,
-       //   assignments, post/pre increment and decrement).  The idea
-       //   being that they would support an extra Emition interface that
-       //   does not leave a result on the stack.
-       // </summary>
+               //
+               // The stack contains the pointer and the value of type `type'
+               //
+               public static void StoreFromPtr (ILGenerator ig, Type type)
+               {
+                       if (type == TypeManager.int32_type || type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_I4);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.int64_type || type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_I8);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.char_type || type == TypeManager.short_type ||
+                                type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_I2);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.float_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_R4);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_R8);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.byte_type || type == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
+                                type == TypeManager.bool_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_I1);
+                       else if (type == TypeManager.intptr_type)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_I);
+                       else
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_Ref);
+               }
+               
+               //
+               // Returns the size of type `t' if known, otherwise, 0
+               //
+               public static int GetTypeSize (Type t)
+               {
+                       if (t == TypeManager.int32_type ||
+                           t == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
+                           t == TypeManager.float_type)
+                               return 4;
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.int64_type ||
+                                t == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
+                                t == TypeManager.double_type)
+                               return 8;
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.byte_type ||
+                                t == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
+                                t == TypeManager.bool_type)    
+                               return 1;
+                       else if (t == TypeManager.short_type ||
+                                t == TypeManager.char_type ||
+                                t == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                               return 2;
+                       else
+                               return 0;
+               }
+       }
 
+       /// <summary>
+       ///   This is just a base class for expressions that can
+       ///   appear on statements (invocations, object creation,
+       ///   assignments, post/pre increment and decrement).  The idea
+       ///   being that they would support an extra Emition interface that
+       ///   does not leave a result on the stack.
+       /// </summary>
        public abstract class ExpressionStatement : Expression {
 
-               // <summary>
-               //   Requests the expression to be emitted in a `statement'
-               //   context.  This means that no new value is left on the
-               //   stack after invoking this method (constrasted with
-               //   Emit that will always leave a value on the stack).
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Requests the expression to be emitted in a `statement'
+               ///   context.  This means that no new value is left on the
+               ///   stack after invoking this method (constrasted with
+               ///   Emit that will always leave a value on the stack).
+               /// </summary>
                public abstract void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec);
        }
 
-       // <summary>
-       //   This kind of cast is used to encapsulate the child
-       //   whose type is child.Type into an expression that is
-       //   reported to return "return_type".  This is used to encapsulate
-       //   expressions which have compatible types, but need to be dealt
-       //   at higher levels with.
-       //
-       //   For example, a "byte" expression could be encapsulated in one
-       //   of these as an "unsigned int".  The type for the expression
-       //   would be "unsigned int".
-       //
-       // </summary>
-       
+       /// <summary>
+       ///   This kind of cast is used to encapsulate the child
+       ///   whose type is child.Type into an expression that is
+       ///   reported to return "return_type".  This is used to encapsulate
+       ///   expressions which have compatible types, but need to be dealt
+       ///   at higher levels with.
+       ///
+       ///   For example, a "byte" expression could be encapsulated in one
+       ///   of these as an "unsigned int".  The type for the expression
+       ///   would be "unsigned int".
+       ///
+       /// </summary>
        public class EmptyCast : Expression {
                protected Expression child;
 
                public EmptyCast (Expression child, Type return_type)
                {
-                       ExprClass = child.ExprClass;
+                       eclass = child.eclass;
                        type = return_type;
                        this.child = child;
                }
@@ -1736,20 +2538,18 @@ namespace CIR {
                {
                        child.Emit (ec);
                }
-
        }
 
-       // <summary>
-       //  This class is used to wrap literals which belong inside Enums
-       // </summary>
+       /// <summary>
+       ///  This class is used to wrap literals which belong inside Enums
+       /// </summary>
+       public class EnumConstant : Constant {
+               public Constant Child;
 
-       public class EnumLiteral : Literal {
-               Expression child;
-
-               public EnumLiteral (Expression child, Type enum_type)
+               public EnumConstant (Constant child, Type enum_type)
                {
-                       ExprClass = child.ExprClass;
-                       this.child = child;
+                       eclass = child.eclass;
+                       this.Child = child;
                        type = enum_type;
                }
                
@@ -1763,26 +2563,114 @@ namespace CIR {
 
                public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       child.Emit (ec);
+                       Child.Emit (ec);
                }
 
                public override object GetValue ()
                {
-                       return ((Literal) child).GetValue ();
+                       return Child.GetValue ();
+               }
+
+               //
+               // Converts from one of the valid underlying types for an enumeration
+               // (int32, uint32, int64, uint64, short, ushort, byte, sbyte) to
+               // one of the internal compiler literals: Int/UInt/Long/ULong Literals.
+               //
+               public Constant WidenToCompilerConstant ()
+               {
+                       Type t = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (Child.Type);
+                       object v = ((Constant) Child).GetValue ();;
+                       
+                       if (t == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                               return new IntConstant ((int) v);
+                       if (t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                               return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
+                       if (t == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                               return new LongConstant ((long) v);
+                       if (t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                               return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
+                       if (t == TypeManager.short_type)
+                               return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
+                       if (t == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                               return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
+                       if (t == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                               return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
+                       if (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                               return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
+
+                       throw new Exception ("Invalid enumeration underlying type: " + t);
                }
 
+               //
+               // Extracts the value in the enumeration on its native representation
+               //
+               public object GetPlainValue ()
+               {
+                       Type t = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (Child.Type);
+                       object v = ((Constant) Child).GetValue ();;
+                       
+                       if (t == TypeManager.int32_type)
+                               return (int) v;
+                       if (t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
+                               return (uint) v;
+                       if (t == TypeManager.int64_type)
+                               return (long) v;
+                       if (t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
+                               return (ulong) v;
+                       if (t == TypeManager.short_type)
+                               return (short) v;
+                       if (t == TypeManager.ushort_type)
+                               return (ushort) v;
+                       if (t == TypeManager.byte_type)
+                               return (byte) v;
+                       if (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
+                               return (sbyte) v;
+
+                       return null;
+               }
+               
                public override string AsString ()
                {
-                       return ((Literal) child).AsString ();
+                       return Child.AsString ();
+               }
+
+               public override DoubleConstant ConvertToDouble ()
+               {
+                       return Child.ConvertToDouble ();
+               }
+
+               public override FloatConstant ConvertToFloat ()
+               {
+                       return Child.ConvertToFloat ();
+               }
+
+               public override ULongConstant ConvertToULong ()
+               {
+                       return Child.ConvertToULong ();
+               }
+
+               public override LongConstant ConvertToLong ()
+               {
+                       return Child.ConvertToLong ();
+               }
+
+               public override UIntConstant ConvertToUInt ()
+               {
+                       return Child.ConvertToUInt ();
+               }
+
+               public override IntConstant ConvertToInt ()
+               {
+                       return Child.ConvertToInt ();
                }
        }
 
-       // <summary>
-       //   This kind of cast is used to encapsulate Value Types in objects.
-       //
-       //   The effect of it is to box the value type emitted by the previous
-       //   operation.
-       // </summary>
+       /// <summary>
+       ///   This kind of cast is used to encapsulate Value Types in objects.
+       ///
+       ///   The effect of it is to box the value type emitted by the previous
+       ///   operation.
+       /// </summary>
        public class BoxedCast : EmptyCast {
 
                public BoxedCast (Expression expr)
@@ -1801,15 +2689,249 @@ namespace CIR {
                public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        base.Emit (ec);
+                       
                        ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Box, child.Type);
                }
        }
 
-       // <summary>
-       //   This kind of cast is used to encapsulate a child expression
-       //   that can be trivially converted to a target type using one or 
-       //   two opcodes.  The opcodes are passed as arguments.
-       // </summary>
+       public class UnboxCast : EmptyCast {
+               public UnboxCast (Expression expr, Type return_type)
+                       : base (expr, return_type)
+               {
+               }
+
+               public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
+               {
+                       // This should never be invoked, we are born in fully
+                       // initialized state.
+
+                       return this;
+               }
+
+               public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
+               {
+                       Type t = type;
+                       ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
+                       
+                       base.Emit (ec);
+                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Unbox, t);
+
+                       LoadFromPtr (ig, t, false);
+               }
+       }
+       
+       /// <summary>
+       ///   This is used to perform explicit numeric conversions.
+       ///
+       ///   Explicit numeric conversions might trigger exceptions in a checked
+       ///   context, so they should generate the conv.ovf opcodes instead of
+       ///   conv opcodes.
+       /// </summary>
+       public class ConvCast : EmptyCast {
+               public enum Mode : byte {
+                       I1_U1, I1_U2, I1_U4, I1_U8, I1_CH,
+                       U1_I1, U1_CH,
+                       I2_I1, I2_U1, I2_U2, I2_U4, I2_U8, I2_CH,
+                       U2_I1, U2_U1, U2_I2, U2_CH,
+                       I4_I1, I4_U1, I4_I2, I4_U2, I4_U4, I4_U8, I4_CH,
+                       U4_I1, U4_U1, U4_I2, U4_U2, U4_I4, U4_CH,
+                       I8_I1, I8_U1, I8_I2, I8_U2, I8_I4, I8_U4, I8_U8, I8_CH,
+                       U8_I1, U8_U1, U8_I2, U8_U2, U8_I4, U8_U4, U8_I8, U8_CH,
+                       CH_I1, CH_U1, CH_I2,
+                       R4_I1, R4_U1, R4_I2, R4_U2, R4_I4, R4_U4, R4_I8, R4_U8, R4_CH,
+                       R8_I1, R8_U1, R8_I2, R8_U2, R8_I4, R8_U4, R8_I8, R8_U8, R8_CH, R8_R4
+               }
+
+               Mode mode;
+               bool checked_state;
+               
+               public ConvCast (EmitContext ec, Expression child, Type return_type, Mode m)
+                       : base (child, return_type)
+               {
+                       mode = m;
+                       checked_state = ec.CheckState;
+               }
+
+               public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
+               {
+                       // This should never be invoked, we are born in fully
+                       // initialized state.
+
+                       return this;
+               }
+
+               public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
+               {
+                       ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
+                       
+                       base.Emit (ec);
+
+                       if (checked_state){
+                               switch (mode){
+                               case Mode.I1_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.I1_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.I1_U4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U4); break;
+                               case Mode.I1_U8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U8); break;
+                               case Mode.I1_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.U1_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U1_CH: /* nothing */ break;
+
+                               case Mode.I2_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.I2_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.I2_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.I2_U4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U4); break;
+                               case Mode.I2_U8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U8); break;
+                               case Mode.I2_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.U2_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U2_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U2_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I2_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U2_CH: /* nothing */ break;
+
+                               case Mode.I4_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.I4_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.I4_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I2); break;
+                               case Mode.I4_U4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U4); break;
+                               case Mode.I4_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.I4_U8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U8); break;
+                               case Mode.I4_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.U4_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U4_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U4_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I2_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U4_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U4_I4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I4_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U4_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2_Un); break;
+
+                               case Mode.I8_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.I8_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.I8_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I2); break;
+                               case Mode.I8_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.I8_I4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I4); break;
+                               case Mode.I8_U4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U4); break;
+                               case Mode.I8_U8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U8); break;
+                               case Mode.I8_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.U8_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U8_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U8_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I2_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U8_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U8_I4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I4_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U8_U4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U4_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U8_I8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I8_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.U8_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2_Un); break;
+
+                               case Mode.CH_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.CH_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1_Un); break;
+                               case Mode.CH_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I2_Un); break;
+
+                               case Mode.R4_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I2); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_I4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I4); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_U4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U4); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_I8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I8); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_U8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U8); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.R8_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I2); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_I4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I4); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_U4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U4); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_I8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I8); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_U8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U8); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_R4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_R4); break;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               switch (mode){
+                               case Mode.I1_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.I1_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.I1_U4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U4); break;
+                               case Mode.I1_U8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8); break;
+                               case Mode.I1_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.U1_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.U1_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.I2_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.I2_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.I2_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.I2_U4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U4); break;
+                               case Mode.I2_U8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8); break;
+                               case Mode.I2_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.U2_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.U2_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.U2_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I2); break;
+                               case Mode.U2_CH: /* nothing */ break;
+
+                               case Mode.I4_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.I4_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.I4_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I2); break;
+                               case Mode.I4_U4: /* nothing */ break;
+                               case Mode.I4_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.I4_U8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8); break;
+                               case Mode.I4_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.U4_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.U4_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.U4_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I2); break;
+                               case Mode.U4_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.U4_I4: /* nothing */ break;
+                               case Mode.U4_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.I8_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.I8_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.I8_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I2); break;
+                               case Mode.I8_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.I8_I4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I4); break;
+                               case Mode.I8_U4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U4); break;
+                               case Mode.I8_U8: /* nothing */ break;
+                               case Mode.I8_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.U8_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.U8_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.U8_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I2); break;
+                               case Mode.U8_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.U8_I4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I4); break;
+                               case Mode.U8_U4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U4); break;
+                               case Mode.U8_I8: /* nothing */ break;
+                               case Mode.U8_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.CH_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.CH_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.CH_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.R4_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I2); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_I4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I4); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_U4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U4); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_I8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_U8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U8); break;
+                               case Mode.R4_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+
+                               case Mode.R8_I1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I1); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_U1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U1); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_I2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I2); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_U2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_I4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I4); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_U4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U4); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_I8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_U8: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U8); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_CH: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2); break;
+                               case Mode.R8_R4: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_R4); break;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       
        public class OpcodeCast : EmptyCast {
                OpCode op, op2;
                bool second_valid;
@@ -1847,13 +2969,12 @@ namespace CIR {
                        if (second_valid)
                                ec.ig.Emit (op2);
                }                       
-               
        }
 
-       // <summary>
-       //   This kind of cast is used to encapsulate a child and cast it
-       //   to the class requested
-       // </summary>
+       /// <summary>
+       ///   This kind of cast is used to encapsulate a child and cast it
+       ///   to the class requested
+       /// </summary>
        public class ClassCast : EmptyCast {
                public ClassCast (Expression child, Type return_type)
                        : base (child, return_type)
@@ -1878,32 +2999,34 @@ namespace CIR {
                
        }
        
-       //
-       // SimpleName expressions are initially formed of a single
-       // word and it only happens at the beginning of the expression.
-       //
-       // The expression will try to be bound to a Field, a Method
-       // group or a Property.  If those fail we pass the name to our
-       // caller and the SimpleName is compounded to perform a type
-       // lookup.  The idea behind this process is that we want to avoid
-       // creating a namespace map from the assemblies, as that requires
-       // the GetExportedTypes function to be called and a hashtable to
-       // be constructed which reduces startup time.  If later we find
-       // that this is slower, we should create a `NamespaceExpr' expression
-       // that fully participates in the resolution process. 
-       //
-       // For example `System.Console.WriteLine' is decomposed into
-       // MemberAccess (MemberAccess (SimpleName ("System"), "Console"), "WriteLine")
-       //
-       // The first SimpleName wont produce a match on its own, so it will
-       // be turned into:
-       // MemberAccess (SimpleName ("System.Console"), "WriteLine").
-       //
-       // System.Console will produce a TypeExpr match.
-       //
-       // The downside of this is that we might be hitting `LookupType' too many
-       // times with this scheme.
-       //
+       /// <summary>
+       ///   SimpleName expressions are initially formed of a single
+       ///   word and it only happens at the beginning of the expression.
+       /// </summary>
+       ///
+       /// <remarks>
+       ///   The expression will try to be bound to a Field, a Method
+       ///   group or a Property.  If those fail we pass the name to our
+       ///   caller and the SimpleName is compounded to perform a type
+       ///   lookup.  The idea behind this process is that we want to avoid
+       ///   creating a namespace map from the assemblies, as that requires
+       ///   the GetExportedTypes function to be called and a hashtable to
+       ///   be constructed which reduces startup time.  If later we find
+       ///   that this is slower, we should create a `NamespaceExpr' expression
+       ///   that fully participates in the resolution process. 
+       ///   
+       ///   For example `System.Console.WriteLine' is decomposed into
+       ///   MemberAccess (MemberAccess (SimpleName ("System"), "Console"), "WriteLine")
+       ///   
+       ///   The first SimpleName wont produce a match on its own, so it will
+       ///   be turned into:
+       ///   MemberAccess (SimpleName ("System.Console"), "WriteLine").
+       ///   
+       ///   System.Console will produce a TypeExpr match.
+       ///   
+       ///   The downside of this is that we might be hitting `LookupType' too many
+       ///   times with this scheme.
+       /// </remarks>
        public class SimpleName : Expression {
                public readonly string Name;
                public readonly Location Location;
@@ -1948,70 +3071,264 @@ namespace CIR {
                                        Error120 (Location, Name);
                                        return null;
                                }
+                       } else if (e is EventExpr) {
+                               if (!((EventExpr) e).IsStatic) {
+                                       Error120 (Location, Name);
+                                       return null;
+                               }
                        }
 
                        return e;
                }
                
-               //
-               // 7.5.2: Simple Names. 
-               //
-               // Local Variables and Parameters are handled at
-               // parse time, so they never occur as SimpleNames.
-               //
                public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       Expression e;
+                       return SimpleNameResolve (ec, null, false);
+               }
 
-                       //
-                       // Stage 1: Performed by the parser (binding to local or parameters).
-                       //
+               public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
+               {
+                       return SimpleNameResolve (ec, right_side, false);
+               }
+               
+
+               public Expression DoResolveAllowStatic (EmitContext ec)
+               {
+                       return SimpleNameResolve (ec, null, true);
+               }
+
+               /// <remarks>
+               ///   7.5.2: Simple Names. 
+               ///
+               ///   Local Variables and Parameters are handled at
+               ///   parse time, so they never occur as SimpleNames.
+               ///
+               ///   The `allow_static' flag is used by MemberAccess only
+               ///   and it is used to inform us that it is ok for us to 
+               ///   avoid the static check, because MemberAccess might end
+               ///   up resolving the Name as a Type name and the access as
+               ///   a static type access.
+               ///
+               ///   ie: Type Type; .... { Type.GetType (""); }
+               ///
+               ///   Type is both an instance variable and a Type;  Type.GetType
+               ///   is the static method not an instance method of type.
+               /// </remarks>
+               Expression SimpleNameResolve (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side, bool allow_static)
+               {
+                       Expression e = null;
 
                        //
-                       // Stage 2: Lookup members
+                       // Stage 1: Performed by the parser (binding to locals or parameters).
                        //
-                       e = MemberLookup (ec, ec.TypeContainer.TypeBuilder, Name, true, Location);
+                       if (!ec.OnlyLookupTypes){
+                               Block current_block = ec.CurrentBlock;
+                               if (current_block != null && current_block.IsVariableDefined (Name)){
+                                       LocalVariableReference var;
+                                       
+                                       var = new LocalVariableReference (ec.CurrentBlock, Name, Location);
+
+                                       if (right_side != null)
+                                               return var.ResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
+                                       else
+                                               return var.Resolve (ec);
+                               }
+                       
+                               //
+                               // Stage 2: Lookup members 
+                               //
+
+                               //
+                               // For enums, the TypeBuilder is not ec.DeclSpace.TypeBuilder
+                               // Hence we have two different cases
+                               //
+
+                               DeclSpace lookup_ds = ec.DeclSpace;
+                               do {
+                                       if (lookup_ds.TypeBuilder == null)
+                                               break;
+
+                                       e = MemberLookup (ec, lookup_ds.TypeBuilder, Name, Location);
+                                       if (e != null)
+                                               break;
+
+                                       //
+                                       // Classes/structs keep looking, enums break
+                                       //
+                                       if (lookup_ds is TypeContainer)
+                                               lookup_ds = ((TypeContainer) lookup_ds).Parent;
+                                       else
+                                               break;
+                               } while (lookup_ds != null);
+                               
+                               if (e == null && ec.ContainerType != null)
+                                       e = MemberLookup (ec, ec.ContainerType, Name, Location);
+                       }
+
+                       // Continuation of stage 2
                        if (e == null){
                                //
                                // Stage 3: Lookup symbol in the various namespaces. 
-                               // 
+                               //
+                               DeclSpace ds = ec.DeclSpace;
                                Type t;
-                               
-                               if ((t = ec.TypeContainer.LookupType (Name, true)) != null)
-                                       return new TypeExpr (t);
+                               string alias_value;
 
+                               if ((t = RootContext.LookupType (ds, Name, true, Location)) != null)
+                                       return new TypeExpr (t);
+                               
                                //
-                               // Stage 3 part b: Lookup up if we are an alias to a type
+                               // Stage 2 part b: Lookup up if we are an alias to a type
                                // or a namespace.
                                //
                                // Since we are cheating: we only do the Alias lookup for
                                // namespaces if the name does not include any dots in it
                                //
                                
-                               // IMPLEMENT ME.  Read mcs/mcs/TODO for ideas, or rewrite
-                               // using NamespaceExprs (dunno how that fixes the alias
-                               // per-file though).
+                               if (Name.IndexOf ('.') == -1 && (alias_value = ec.TypeContainer.LookupAlias (Name)) != null) {
+                               // System.Console.WriteLine (Name + " --> " + alias_value);
+                                       if ((t = RootContext.LookupType (ds, alias_value, true, Location))
+                                           != null)
+                                               return new TypeExpr (t);
+                                       
+                               // we have alias value, but it isn't Type, so try if it's namespace
+                                       return new SimpleName (alias_value, Location);
+                               }
                                
                                // No match, maybe our parent can compose us
                                // into something meaningful.
-                               //
                                return this;
                        }
-
-                       // Step 2, continues here.
+                       
+                       //
+                       // Stage 2 continues here. 
+                       // 
                        if (e is TypeExpr)
                                return e;
 
+                       if (ec.OnlyLookupTypes)
+                               return null;
+                       
                        if (e is FieldExpr){
                                FieldExpr fe = (FieldExpr) e;
+                               FieldInfo fi = fe.FieldInfo;
+
+                               if (fi.FieldType.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe){
+                                       UnsafeError (Location);
+                               }
                                
-                               if (!fe.FieldInfo.IsStatic)
-                                       fe.InstanceExpression = new This (Location.Null);
+                               if (ec.IsStatic){
+                                       if (!allow_static && !fi.IsStatic){
+                                               Error120 (Location, Name);
+                                               return null;
+                                       }
+                               } else {
+                                       // If we are not in static code and this
+                                       // field is not static, set the instance to `this'.
+
+                                       if (!fi.IsStatic)
+                                               fe.InstanceExpression = ec.This;
+                               }
+
+                               
+                               if (fi is FieldBuilder) {
+                                       Const c = TypeManager.LookupConstant ((FieldBuilder) fi);
+                                       
+                                       if (c != null) {
+                                               object o = c.LookupConstantValue (ec);
+                                               object real_value = ((Constant)c.Expr).GetValue ();
+                                               return Constantify (real_value, fi.FieldType);
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               if (fi.IsLiteral) {
+                                       Type t = fi.FieldType;
+                                       Type decl_type = fi.DeclaringType;
+                                       object o;
+
+                                       if (fi is FieldBuilder)
+                                               o = TypeManager.GetValue ((FieldBuilder) fi);
+                                       else
+                                               o = fi.GetValue (fi);
+                                       
+                                       if (decl_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)) {
+                                               Expression enum_member = MemberLookup (
+                                                       ec, decl_type, "value__", MemberTypes.Field,
+                                                       AllBindingFlags, Location); 
+
+                                               Enum en = TypeManager.LookupEnum (decl_type);
+
+                                               Constant c;
+                                               if (en != null)
+                                                       c = Constantify (o, en.UnderlyingType);
+                                               else 
+                                                       c = Constantify (o, enum_member.Type);
+                                               
+                                               return new EnumConstant (c, decl_type);
+                                       }
+                                       
+                                       Expression exp = Constantify (o, t);
+                               }
+                                       
+                               return e;
                        }                               
 
-                       if (ec.IsStatic)
+                       if (e is EventExpr) {
+                               //
+                               // If the event is local to this class, we transform ourselves into
+                               // a FieldExpr
+                               //
+                               EventExpr ee = (EventExpr) e;
+
+                               Expression ml = MemberLookup (
+                                       ec, ec.DeclSpace.TypeBuilder, ee.EventInfo.Name,
+                                       MemberTypes.Event, AllBindingFlags, Location);
+
+                               if (ml != null) {
+                                       MemberInfo mi = ec.TypeContainer.GetFieldFromEvent ((EventExpr) ml);
+
+                                       if (mi == null) {
+                                               //
+                                               // If this happens, then we have an event with its own
+                                               // accessors and private field etc so there's no need
+                                               // to transform ourselves : we should instead flag an error
+                                               //
+                                               Assign.error70 (ee.EventInfo, Location);
+                                               return null;
+                                       }
+
+                                       ml = ExprClassFromMemberInfo (ec, mi, Location);
+                                       
+                                       if (ml == null) {
+                                               Report.Error (-200, Location, "Internal error!!");
+                                               return null;
+                                       }
+
+                                       Expression instance_expr;
+                                       
+                                       FieldInfo fi = ((FieldExpr) ml).FieldInfo;
+
+                                       if (fi.IsStatic)
+                                               instance_expr = null;
+                                       else
+                                               instance_expr = ec.This;
+
+                                       instance_expr = instance_expr.Resolve (ec);
+
+                                       if (instance_expr != null)
+                                               instance_expr = instance_expr.Resolve (ec);
+                                       
+                                       return MemberAccess.ResolveMemberAccess (ec, ml, instance_expr, Location, null);
+                               }
+                       }
+                               
+                       
+                       if (ec.IsStatic){
+                               if (allow_static)
+                                       return e;
+
                                return MemberStaticCheck (e);
-                       else
+                       else
                                return e;
                }
 
@@ -2024,13 +3341,13 @@ namespace CIR {
 
                        Error (103, Location, "The name `" + Name +
                               "' does not exist in the class `" +
-                              ec.TypeContainer.Name + "'");
+                              ec.DeclSpace.Name + "'");
                }
        }
        
-       // <summary>
-       //   Fully resolved expression that evaluates to a type
-       // </summary>
+       /// <summary>
+       ///   Fully resolved expression that evaluates to a type
+       /// </summary>
        public class TypeExpr : Expression {
                public TypeExpr (Type t)
                {
@@ -2049,28 +3366,43 @@ namespace CIR {
                }
        }
 
-       // <summary>
-       //   MethodGroup Expression.
-       //  
-       //   This is a fully resolved expression that evaluates to a type
-       // </summary>
+       /// <summary>
+       ///   MethodGroup Expression.
+       ///  
+       ///   This is a fully resolved expression that evaluates to a type
+       /// </summary>
        public class MethodGroupExpr : Expression {
                public MethodBase [] Methods;
+               Location loc;
                Expression instance_expression = null;
                
-               public MethodGroupExpr (MemberInfo [] mi)
+               public MethodGroupExpr (MemberInfo [] mi, Location l)
                {
                        Methods = new MethodBase [mi.Length];
                        mi.CopyTo (Methods, 0);
                        eclass = ExprClass.MethodGroup;
+                       type = TypeManager.object_type;
+                       loc = l;
                }
 
-               public MethodGroupExpr (ArrayList l)
+               public MethodGroupExpr (ArrayList list, Location l)
                {
-                       Methods = new MethodBase [l.Count];
+                       Methods = new MethodBase [list.Count];
 
-                       l.CopyTo (Methods, 0);
+                       try {
+                               list.CopyTo (Methods, 0);
+                       } catch {
+                               foreach (MemberInfo m in list){
+                                       if (!(m is MethodBase)){
+                                               Console.WriteLine ("Name " + m.Name);
+                                               Console.WriteLine ("Found a: " + m.GetType ().FullName);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               throw;
+                       }
+                       loc = l;
                        eclass = ExprClass.MethodGroup;
+                       type = TypeManager.object_type;
                }
                
                //
@@ -2091,20 +3423,22 @@ namespace CIR {
                        return this;
                }
 
+               public void ReportUsageError ()
+               {
+                       Report.Error (654, loc, "Method `" + Methods [0].DeclaringType + "." +
+                                     Methods [0].Name + "()' is referenced without parentheses");
+               }
+
                override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       throw new Exception ("This should never be reached");
+                       ReportUsageError ();
                }
 
                bool RemoveMethods (bool keep_static)
                {
                        ArrayList smethods = new ArrayList ();
-                       int top = Methods.Length;
-                       int i;
-                       
-                       for (i = 0; i < top; i++){
-                               MethodBase mb = Methods [i];
 
+                       foreach (MethodBase mb in Methods){
                                if (mb.IsStatic == keep_static)
                                        smethods.Add (mb);
                        }
@@ -2118,29 +3452,29 @@ namespace CIR {
                        return true;
                }
                
-               // <summary>
-               //   Removes any instance methods from the MethodGroup, returns
-               //   false if the resulting set is empty.
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Removes any instance methods from the MethodGroup, returns
+               ///   false if the resulting set is empty.
+               /// </summary>
                public bool RemoveInstanceMethods ()
                {
                        return RemoveMethods (true);
                }
 
-               // <summary>
-               //   Removes any static methods from the MethodGroup, returns
-               //   false if the resulting set is empty.
-               // </summary>
+               /// <summary>
+               ///   Removes any static methods from the MethodGroup, returns
+               ///   false if the resulting set is empty.
+               /// </summary>
                public bool RemoveStaticMethods ()
                {
                        return RemoveMethods (false);
                }
        }
 
-       // <summary>
-       //   Fully resolved expression that evaluates to a Field
-       // </summary>
-       public class FieldExpr : Expression, IStackStore, IMemoryLocation {
+       /// <summary>
+       ///   Fully resolved expression that evaluates to a Field
+       /// </summary>
+       public class FieldExpr : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation {
                public readonly FieldInfo FieldInfo;
                public Expression InstanceExpression;
                Location loc;
@@ -2165,13 +3499,32 @@ namespace CIR {
                                InstanceExpression = InstanceExpression.Resolve (ec);
                                if (InstanceExpression == null)
                                        return null;
-                               
                        }
+
                        return this;
                }
 
-               public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec)
+               void Report_AssignToReadonly (bool is_instance)
                {
+                       string msg;
+                       
+                       if (is_instance)
+                               msg = "Readonly field can not be assigned outside " +
+                               "of constructor or variable initializer";
+                       else
+                               msg = "A static readonly field can only be assigned in " +
+                               "a static constructor";
+
+                       Report.Error (is_instance ? 191 : 198, loc, msg);
+               }
+               
+               override public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
+               {
+                       Expression e = DoResolve (ec);
+
+                       if (e == null)
+                               return null;
+                       
                        if (!FieldInfo.IsInitOnly)
                                return this;
 
@@ -2182,9 +3535,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                        if (ec.IsConstructor)
                                return this;
 
-                       Report.Error (191, loc,
-                                     "Readonly field can not be assigned outside " +
-                                     "of constructor or variable initializer");
+                       Report_AssignToReadonly (true);
                        
                        return null;
                }
@@ -2192,45 +3543,150 @@ namespace CIR {
                override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
+                       bool is_volatile = false;
+                               
+                       if (FieldInfo is FieldBuilder){
+                               FieldBase f = TypeManager.GetField (FieldInfo);
 
-                       if (FieldInfo.IsStatic)
+                               if ((f.ModFlags & Modifiers.VOLATILE) != 0)
+                                       is_volatile = true;
+                               
+                               f.status |= Field.Status.USED;
+                       }
+                       
+                       if (FieldInfo.IsStatic){
+                               if (is_volatile)
+                                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Volatile);
+                               
                                ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldsfld, FieldInfo);
-                       else {
-                               InstanceExpression.Emit (ec);
+                       } else {
+                               if (InstanceExpression.Type.IsValueType){
+                                       IMemoryLocation ml;
+                                       LocalTemporary tempo = null;
+                                       
+                                       if (!(InstanceExpression is IMemoryLocation)){
+                                               tempo = new LocalTemporary (
+                                                       ec, InstanceExpression.Type);
+
+                                               InstanceExpression.Emit (ec);
+                                               tempo.Store (ec);
+                                               ml = tempo;
+                                       } else
+                                               ml = (IMemoryLocation) InstanceExpression;
+
+                                       ml.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Load);
+                               } else 
+                                       InstanceExpression.Emit (ec);
+
+                               if (is_volatile)
+                                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Volatile);
                                
                                ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldfld, FieldInfo);
                        }
                }
 
-               public void Store (EmitContext ec)
+               public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
                {
-                       if (FieldInfo.IsStatic)
-                               ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stsfld, FieldInfo);
-                       else
-                               ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stfld, FieldInfo);
-               }
+                       FieldAttributes fa = FieldInfo.Attributes;
+                       bool is_static = (fa & FieldAttributes.Static) != 0;
+                       bool is_readonly = (fa & FieldAttributes.InitOnly) != 0;
+                       ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
+
+                       if (is_readonly && !ec.IsConstructor){
+                               Report_AssignToReadonly (!is_static);
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       
+                       if (!is_static){
+                               Expression instance = InstanceExpression;
+
+                               if (instance.Type.IsValueType){
+                                       if (instance is IMemoryLocation){
+                                               IMemoryLocation ml = (IMemoryLocation) instance;
+
+                                               ml.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
+                                       } else
+                                               throw new Exception ("The " + instance + " of type " +
+                                                                    instance.Type +
+                                                                    " represents a ValueType and does " +
+                                                                    "not implement IMemoryLocation");
+                               } else
+                                       instance.Emit (ec);
+                       }
+                       source.Emit (ec);
 
-               public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec)
+                       if (FieldInfo is FieldBuilder){
+                               FieldBase f = TypeManager.GetField (FieldInfo);
+                               
+                               if ((f.ModFlags & Modifiers.VOLATILE) != 0)
+                                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Volatile);
+                       }
+                       
+                       if (is_static)
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stsfld, FieldInfo);
+                       else 
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stfld, FieldInfo);
+
+                       if (FieldInfo is FieldBuilder){
+                               FieldBase f = TypeManager.GetField (FieldInfo);
+
+                               f.status |= Field.Status.ASSIGNED;
+                       }
+               }
+               
+               public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
                {
+                       ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
+                       
+                       if (FieldInfo is FieldBuilder){
+                               FieldBase f = TypeManager.GetField (FieldInfo);
+                               if ((f.ModFlags & Modifiers.VOLATILE) != 0)
+                                       ig.Emit (OpCodes.Volatile);
+                       }
+
+                       if (FieldInfo is FieldBuilder){
+                               FieldBase f = TypeManager.GetField (FieldInfo);
+
+                               if ((mode & AddressOp.Store) != 0)
+                                       f.status |= Field.Status.ASSIGNED;
+                               if ((mode & AddressOp.Load) != 0)
+                                       f.status |= Field.Status.USED;
+                       }
+
+                       //
+                       // Handle initonly fields specially: make a copy and then
+                       // get the address of the copy.
+                       //
+                       if (FieldInfo.IsInitOnly){
+                               LocalBuilder local;
+                               
+                               Emit (ec);
+                               local = ig.DeclareLocal (type);
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, local);
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca, local);
+                               return;
+                       } 
+
                        if (FieldInfo.IsStatic)
-                               ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldsflda, FieldInfo);
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldsflda, FieldInfo);
                        else {
                                InstanceExpression.Emit (ec);
-                               ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldflda, FieldInfo);
+                               ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldflda, FieldInfo);
                        }
                }
        }
        
-       // <summary>
-       //   Expression that evaluates to a Property.  The Assign class
-       //   might set the `Value' expression if we are in an assignment.
-       //
-       //   This is not an LValue because we need to re-write the expression, we
-       //   can not take data from the stack and store it.  
-       // </summary>
+       /// <summary>
+       ///   Expression that evaluates to a Property.  The Assign class
+       ///   might set the `Value' expression if we are in an assignment.
+       ///
+       ///   This is not an LValue because we need to re-write the expression, we
+       ///   can not take data from the stack and store it.  
+       /// </summary>
        public class PropertyExpr : ExpressionStatement, IAssignMethod {
                public readonly PropertyInfo PropertyInfo;
                public readonly bool IsStatic;
+               public bool IsBase;
                MethodInfo [] Accessors;
                Location loc;
                
@@ -2245,9 +3701,9 @@ namespace CIR {
                        Accessors = TypeManager.GetAccessors (pi);
 
                        if (Accessors != null)
-                               for (int i = 0; i < Accessors.Length; i++){
-                                       if (Accessors [i] != null)
-                                               if (Accessors [i].IsStatic)
+                               foreach (MethodInfo mi in Accessors){
+                                       if (mi != null)
+                                               if (mi.IsStatic)
                                                        IsStatic = true;
                                }
                        else
@@ -2291,12 +3747,29 @@ namespace CIR {
                                return null;
                        }
 
+                       type = PropertyInfo.PropertyType;
+
                        return this;
                }
 
                override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       Invocation.EmitCall (ec, IsStatic, instance_expr, Accessors [0], null);
+                       MethodInfo method = Accessors [0];
+
+                       //
+                       // Special case: length of single dimension array is turned into ldlen
+                       //
+                       if (method == TypeManager.int_array_get_length){
+                               Type iet = instance_expr.Type;
+
+                               if (iet.GetArrayRank () == 1){
+                                       instance_expr.Emit (ec);
+                                       ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldlen);
+                                       return;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       Invocation.EmitCall (ec, IsBase, IsStatic, instance_expr, method, null);
                        
                }
 
@@ -2309,7 +3782,7 @@ namespace CIR {
                        ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
 
                        args.Add (arg);
-                       Invocation.EmitCall (ec, IsStatic, instance_expr, Accessors [1], args);
+                       Invocation.EmitCall (ec, false, IsStatic, instance_expr, Accessors [1], args);
                }
 
                override public void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
@@ -2319,31 +3792,62 @@ namespace CIR {
                }
        }
 
-       // <summary>
-       //   Fully resolved expression that evaluates to a Expression
-       // </summary>
+       /// <summary>
+       ///   Fully resolved expression that evaluates to an Event
+       /// </summary>
        public class EventExpr : Expression {
                public readonly EventInfo EventInfo;
                Location loc;
+               public Expression InstanceExpression;
+
+               public readonly bool IsStatic;
+
+               MethodInfo add_accessor, remove_accessor;
                
                public EventExpr (EventInfo ei, Location loc)
                {
                        EventInfo = ei;
                        this.loc = loc;
                        eclass = ExprClass.EventAccess;
+
+                       add_accessor = TypeManager.GetAddMethod (ei);
+                       remove_accessor = TypeManager.GetRemoveMethod (ei);
+                       
+                       if (add_accessor.IsStatic || remove_accessor.IsStatic)
+                                       IsStatic = true;
+
+                       if (EventInfo is MyEventBuilder)
+                               type = ((MyEventBuilder) EventInfo).EventType;
+                       else
+                               type = EventInfo.EventHandlerType;
                }
 
                override public Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       // We are born in resolved state. 
+                       // We are born fully resolved
                        return this;
                }
 
                override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
-                       throw new Exception ("Implement me");
-                       // FIXME: Implement.
+                       throw new Exception ("Should not happen I think");
+               }
+
+               public void EmitAddOrRemove (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
+               {
+                       Expression handler = ((Binary) source).Right;
+                       
+                       Argument arg = new Argument (handler, Argument.AType.Expression);
+                       ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
+                               
+                       args.Add (arg);
+                       
+                       if (((Binary) source).Oper == Binary.Operator.Addition)
+                               Invocation.EmitCall (
+                                       ec, false, IsStatic, InstanceExpression, add_accessor, args);
+                       else
+                               Invocation.EmitCall (
+                                       ec, false, IsStatic, InstanceExpression, remove_accessor, args);
                }
        }
-       
 }