2005-11-29 Atsushi Enomoto <atsushi@ximian.com>
[mono.git] / mcs / class / corlib / Mono.Globalization.Unicode / SimpleCollator.cs
index 8c3c96ca8c7f0d4807049abadd876d143ab9ccbb..9a7306598502a7ae228c30d1175fd69d93892fcd 100644 (file)
@@ -1,7 +1,29 @@
 //
-// SimpleCollator.cs
+// SimpleCollator.cs : the core collator implementation
 //
-// This class will demonstrate CompareInfo functionality that will just work.
+// Author:
+//     Atsushi Enomoto  <atsushi@ximian.com>
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2005 Novell, Inc (http://www.novell.com)
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+// the following conditions:
+// 
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+// 
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 //
 
 //
 // other character than the identical sequence (depending on CompareOptions
 // and of course, defined sortkey value itself), comparison cannot be done
 // at source char[] level.
-//
-// (to be continued.)
-//
-
 //
 // In IndexOf(), the first character in the target string or the target char
 // itself is turned into sortkey bytes. If the character has a contraction and
@@ -37,7 +55,6 @@
 // tries IsPrefix() from that location. If it returns true, then it returns
 // the index.
 //
-
 // LAMESPEC: IndexOf() is lame as a whole API. It never matches in the middle
 // of expansion and there is no proper way to return such indexes within
 // a single int return value.
@@ -54,133 +71,96 @@ using System.Globalization;
 
 using Uni = Mono.Globalization.Unicode.MSCompatUnicodeTable;
 using UUtil = Mono.Globalization.Unicode.MSCompatUnicodeTableUtil;
+using COpt = System.Globalization.CompareOptions;
 
 namespace Mono.Globalization.Unicode
 {
        internal class SimpleCollator
        {
-               static SimpleCollator invariant =
-                       new SimpleCollator (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
-
-               internal static readonly byte [] ignorableFlags =
-                       Uni.ignorableFlags;
-               internal static readonly byte [] categories =
-                       Uni.categories;
-               internal static readonly byte [] level1 =
-                       Uni.level1;
-               internal static readonly byte [] level2 =
-                       Uni.level2;
-               internal static readonly byte [] level3 =
-                       Uni.level3;
-               internal static readonly ushort [] widthCompat =
-                       Uni.widthCompat;
-               internal static readonly CodePointIndexer categoryIndexer =
-                       UUtil.Category;
-               internal static readonly CodePointIndexer lv1Indexer =
-                       UUtil.Level1;
-               internal static readonly CodePointIndexer lv2Indexer =
-                       UUtil.Level2;
-               internal static readonly CodePointIndexer lv3Indexer =
-                       UUtil.Level3;
-               internal static readonly CodePointIndexer widthIndexer =
-                       UUtil.WidthCompat;
-
-
-               SortKeyBuffer buf;
-               // CompareOptions expanded.
-               bool ignoreNonSpace; // used in IndexOf()
-               bool ignoreSymbols;
-               bool ignoreWidth;
-               bool ignoreCase;
-               bool ignoreKanaType;
-               TextInfo textInfo; // for ToLower().
-               bool frenchSort;
-               readonly ushort [] cjkTable;
-               readonly CodePointIndexer cjkIndexer;
-               readonly byte [] cjkLv2Table;
-               readonly CodePointIndexer cjkLv2Indexer;
-               readonly int lcid;
-               readonly Contraction [] contractions;
-               readonly Level2Map [] level2Maps;
-
-               // temporary sortkey buffer for index search/comparison
-               byte [] charSortKey = new byte [4];
-               byte [] charSortKey2 = new byte [4];
-               // temporary expansion store for IsPrefix/Suffix
-               int escapedSourceIndex;
+               // this environment variable is for debugging quick check.
+               static bool QuickCheckDisabled =
+                       Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable (
+                       "MONO_COLLATION_QUICK_CHECK_DISABLED") == "yes";
 
-               #region Tailoring support classes
-               // Possible mapping types are:
-               //
-               //      - string to string (ReplacementMap)
-               //      - string to SortKey (SortKeyMap)
-               //      - diacritical byte to byte (DiacriticalMap)
-               //
-               // There could be mapping from string to sortkeys, but
-               // for now there is none as such.
-               //
-               internal class Contraction
+               unsafe internal struct Context
                {
-                       public readonly char [] Source;
-                       // only either of them is used.
-                       public readonly string Replacement;
-                       public readonly byte [] SortKey;
-
-                       public Contraction (char [] source,
-                               string replacement, byte [] sortkey)
+                       public Context (CompareOptions opt, byte* alwaysMatchFlags, byte* neverMatchFlags, byte* buffer1, byte* buffer2, byte* prev1, bool quickCheckPossible)
                        {
-                               Source = source;
-                               Replacement = replacement;
-                               SortKey = sortkey;
+                               Option = opt;
+                               AlwaysMatchFlags = alwaysMatchFlags;
+                               NeverMatchFlags = neverMatchFlags;
+                               Buffer1 = buffer1;
+                               Buffer2 = buffer2;
+                               PrevSortKey = prev1;
+                               PrevCode = -1;
+                               QuickCheckPossible = quickCheckPossible;
                        }
-               }
 
-               internal class ContractionComparer : IComparer
-               {
-                       public static readonly ContractionComparer Instance =
-                               new ContractionComparer ();
+                       public readonly CompareOptions Option;
+                       public readonly byte* NeverMatchFlags;
+                       public readonly byte* AlwaysMatchFlags;
+                       public byte* Buffer1;
+                       public byte* Buffer2;
+                       public int PrevCode;
+                       public byte* PrevSortKey;
+                       public readonly bool QuickCheckPossible;
 
-                       public int Compare (object o1, object o2)
+                       public void ClearPrevInfo ()
                        {
-                               Contraction c1 = (Contraction) o1;
-                               Contraction c2 = (Contraction) o2;
-                               char [] a1 = c1.Source;
-                               char [] a2 = c2.Source;
-                               int min = a1.Length > a2.Length ?
-                                       a2.Length : a1.Length;
-                               for (int i = 0; i < min; i++)
-                                       if (a1 [i] != a2 [i])
-                                               return a1 [i] - a2 [i];
-                               return a1.Length - a2.Length;
+                               PrevCode = -1;
+                               PrevSortKey = null;
                        }
                }
 
-               internal class Level2Map
+               unsafe struct PreviousInfo
                {
-                       public byte Source;
-                       public byte Replace;
+                       public int Code;
+                       public byte* SortKey;
 
-                       public Level2Map (byte source, byte replace)
+                       public PreviousInfo (bool dummy)
                        {
-                               Source = source;
-                               Replace = replace;
+                               Code = -1;
+                               SortKey = null;
                        }
                }
 
-               internal class Level2MapComparer : IComparer
+               struct Escape
                {
-                       public static readonly Level2MapComparer Instance =
-                               new Level2MapComparer ();
-
-                       public int Compare (object o1, object o2)
-                       {
-                               Level2Map m1 = (Level2Map) o1;
-                               Level2Map m2 = (Level2Map) o2;
-                               return (m1.Source - m2.Source);
-                       }
+                       public string Source;
+                       public int Index;
+                       public int Start;
+                       public int End;
+                       public int Optional;
                }
 
-               #endregion
+               static SimpleCollator invariant =
+                       new SimpleCollator (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+
+               readonly TextInfo textInfo; // for ToLower().
+               readonly bool frenchSort;
+               unsafe readonly byte* cjkCatTable;
+               unsafe readonly byte* cjkLv1Table;
+               readonly CodePointIndexer cjkIndexer;
+               unsafe readonly byte* cjkLv2Table;
+               readonly CodePointIndexer cjkLv2Indexer;
+               readonly int lcid;
+               readonly Contraction [] contractions;
+               readonly Level2Map [] level2Maps;
+
+               // This flag marks characters as "unsafe", where the character
+               // could be used as part of a contraction (whose length > 1).
+               readonly byte [] unsafeFlags;
+
+               const int UnsafeFlagLength = 0x300 / 8;
+
+//             readonly byte [] contractionFlags = new byte [16];
+
+               // This array is internally used inside IndexOf() to store
+               // "no need to check" ASCII characters.
+               //
+               // Now that it should be thread safe, this array is allocated
+               // at every time.
+//             byte [] neverMatchFlags = new byte [128 / 8];
 
                #region .ctor() and split functions
 
@@ -188,10 +168,12 @@ namespace Mono.Globalization.Unicode
                {
                        lcid = culture.LCID;
                        textInfo = culture.TextInfo;
-                       buf = new SortKeyBuffer (culture.LCID);
 
-                       SetCJKTable (culture, ref cjkTable, ref cjkIndexer,
-                               ref cjkLv2Table, ref cjkLv2Indexer);
+                       unsafe {
+                               SetCJKTable (culture, ref cjkIndexer,
+                                       ref cjkCatTable, ref cjkLv1Table,
+                                       ref cjkLv2Indexer, ref cjkLv2Table);
+                       }
 
                        // Get tailoring info
                        TailoringInfo t = null;
@@ -204,8 +186,35 @@ namespace Mono.Globalization.Unicode
                                t = Uni.GetTailoringInfo (127);
 
                        frenchSort = t.FrenchSort;
-                       BuildTailoringTables (culture, t, ref contractions,
+                       Uni.BuildTailoringTables (culture, t, ref contractions,
                                ref level2Maps);
+                       unsafeFlags = new byte [UnsafeFlagLength];
+                       foreach (Contraction c in contractions) {
+                               if (c.Source.Length > 1)
+                                       foreach (char ch in c.Source)
+                                               unsafeFlags [(int) ch / 8 ]
+                                                       |= (byte) (1 << ((int) ch & 7));
+//                             for (int i = 0; i < c.Source.Length; i++) {
+//                                     int ch = c.Source [i];
+//                                     if (ch > 127)
+//                                             continue;
+//                                     contractionFlags [ch / 8] |= (byte) (1 << (ch & 7));
+//                             }
+                       }
+                       if (lcid != 127)
+                               foreach (Contraction c in invariant.contractions) {
+                                       if (c.Source.Length > 1)
+                                               foreach (char ch in c.Source)
+                                                       unsafeFlags [(int) ch / 8 ] 
+                                                               |= (byte) (1 << ((int) ch & 7));
+//                                     for (int i = 0; i < c.Source.Length; i++) {
+//                                             int ch = c.Source [i];
+//                                             if (ch > 127)
+//                                                     continue;
+//                                             contractionFlags [ch / 8] |= (byte) (1 << (ch & 7));
+//                                     }
+                               }
+
                        // FIXME: Since tailorings are mostly for latin
                        // (and in some cases Cyrillic) characters, it would
                        // be much better for performance to store "start 
@@ -213,7 +222,7 @@ namespace Mono.Globalization.Unicode
 
 /*
 // dump tailoring table
-Console.WriteLine ("******** building table for {0} : c - {1} d - {2}",
+Console.WriteLine ("******** building table for {0} : contractions - {1} diacritical - {2}",
 culture.LCID, contractions.Length, level2Maps.Length);
 foreach (Contraction c in contractions) {
 foreach (char cc in c.Source)
@@ -223,97 +232,15 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
 */
                }
 
-               private void BuildTailoringTables (CultureInfo culture,
-                       TailoringInfo t,
-                       ref Contraction [] contractions,
-                       ref Level2Map [] diacriticals)
-               {
-                       // collect tailoring entries.
-                       ArrayList cmaps = new ArrayList ();
-                       ArrayList dmaps = new ArrayList ();
-                       char [] tarr = Uni.TailoringValues;
-                       int idx = t.TailoringIndex;
-                       int end = idx + t.TailoringCount;
-                       while (idx < end) {
-                               int ss = idx + 1;
-                               char [] src = null;
-                               switch (tarr [idx]) {
-                               case '\x1': // SortKeyMap
-                                       idx++;
-                                       while (tarr [ss] != 0)
-                                               ss++;
-                                       src = new char [ss - idx];
-                                       Array.Copy (tarr, idx, src, 0, ss - idx);
-                                       byte [] sortkey = new byte [4];
-                                       for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
-                                               sortkey [i] = (byte) tarr [ss + 1 + i];
-                                       cmaps.Add (new Contraction (
-                                               src, null, sortkey));
-                                       // it ends with 0
-                                       idx = ss + 6;
-                                       break;
-                               case '\x2': // DiacriticalMap
-                                       dmaps.Add (new Level2Map (
-                                               (byte) tarr [idx + 1],
-                                               (byte) tarr [idx + 2]));
-                                       idx += 3;
-                                       break;
-                               case '\x3': // ReplacementMap
-                                       idx++;
-                                       while (tarr [ss] != 0)
-                                               ss++;
-                                       src = new char [ss - idx];
-                                       Array.Copy (tarr, idx, src, 0, ss - idx);
-                                       ss++;
-                                       int l = ss;
-                                       while (tarr [l] != 0)
-                                               l++;
-                                       string r = new string (tarr, ss, l - ss);
-                                       cmaps.Add (new Contraction (
-                                               src, r, null));
-                                       idx = l + 1;
-                                       break;
-                               default:
-                                       throw new NotImplementedException (String.Format ("Mono INTERNAL ERROR (Should not happen): Collation tailoring table is broken for culture {0} ({1}) at 0x{2:X}", culture.LCID, culture.Name, idx));
-                               }
-                       }
-                       cmaps.Sort (ContractionComparer.Instance);
-                       dmaps.Sort (Level2MapComparer.Instance);
-                       contractions = cmaps.ToArray (typeof (Contraction))
-                               as Contraction [];
-                       diacriticals = dmaps.ToArray (typeof (Level2Map))
-                               as Level2Map [];
-               }
-
-               private void SetCJKTable (CultureInfo culture,
-                       ref ushort [] cjkTable, ref CodePointIndexer cjkIndexer,
-                       ref byte [] cjkLv2Table, ref CodePointIndexer cjkLv2Indexer)
+               unsafe private void SetCJKTable (
+                       CultureInfo culture, ref CodePointIndexer cjkIndexer,
+                       ref byte* catTable, ref byte* lv1Table,
+                       ref CodePointIndexer lv2Indexer, ref byte* lv2Table)
                {
                        string name = GetNeutralCulture (culture).Name;
 
-                       Uni.FillCJK (name);
-
-                       // custom CJK table support.
-                       switch (name) {
-                       case "zh-CHS":
-                               cjkTable = Uni.CjkCHS;
-                               cjkIndexer = UUtil.CjkCHS;
-                               break;
-                       case "zh-CHT":
-                               cjkTable = Uni.CjkCHT;
-                               cjkIndexer = UUtil.Cjk;
-                               break;
-                       case "ja":
-                               cjkTable = Uni.CjkJA;
-                               cjkIndexer = UUtil.Cjk;
-                               break;
-                       case "ko":
-                               cjkTable = Uni.CjkKO;
-                               cjkLv2Table = Uni.CjkKOLv2;
-                               cjkIndexer = UUtil.Cjk;
-                               cjkLv2Indexer = UUtil.Cjk;
-                               break;
-                       }
+                       Uni.FillCJK (name, ref cjkIndexer, ref catTable,
+                               ref lv1Table, ref lv2Indexer, ref lv2Table);
                }
 
                static CultureInfo GetNeutralCulture (CultureInfo info)
@@ -326,35 +253,36 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
 
                #endregion
 
-               byte Category (int cp)
+               unsafe byte Category (int cp)
                {
-                       if (cp < 0x3000 || cjkTable == null)
-                               return categories [categoryIndexer.ToIndex (cp)];
+                       if (cp < 0x3000 || cjkCatTable == null)
+                               return Uni.Category (cp);
                        int idx = cjkIndexer.ToIndex (cp);
-                       ushort cjk = idx < 0 ? (ushort) 0 : cjkTable [idx];
-                       return cjk != 0 ? (byte) ((cjk & 0xFF00) >> 8) :
-                               categories [categoryIndexer.ToIndex (cp)];
+                       return idx < 0 ? Uni.Category (cp) : cjkCatTable [idx];
                }
 
-               byte Level1 (int cp)
+               unsafe byte Level1 (int cp)
                {
-                       if (cp < 0x3000 || cjkTable == null)
-                               return level1 [lv1Indexer.ToIndex (cp)];
+                       if (cp < 0x3000 || cjkLv1Table == null)
+                               return Uni.Level1 (cp);
                        int idx = cjkIndexer.ToIndex (cp);
-                       ushort cjk = idx < 0 ? (ushort) 0 : cjkTable [idx];
-                       return cjk != 0 ? (byte) (cjk & 0xFF) :
-                               level1 [lv1Indexer.ToIndex (cp)];
+                       return idx < 0 ? Uni.Level1 (cp) : cjkLv1Table [idx];
                }
 
-               byte Level2 (int cp)
+               unsafe byte Level2 (int cp, ExtenderType ext)
                {
+                       if (ext == ExtenderType.Buggy)
+                               return 5;
+                       else if (ext == ExtenderType.Conditional)
+                               return 0;
+
                        if (cp < 0x3000 || cjkLv2Table == null)
-                               return level2 [lv2Indexer.ToIndex (cp)];
+                               return Uni.Level2 (cp);
                        int idx = cjkLv2Indexer.ToIndex (cp);
                        byte ret = idx < 0 ? (byte) 0 : cjkLv2Table [idx];
                        if (ret != 0)
                                return ret;
-                       ret = level2 [lv2Indexer.ToIndex (cp)];
+                       ret = Uni.Level2 (cp);
                        if (level2Maps.Length == 0)
                                return ret;
                        for (int i = 0; i < level2Maps.Length; i++) {
@@ -366,22 +294,17 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                        return ret;
                }
 
-               bool IsHalfKana (int cp)
+               static bool IsHalfKana (int cp, COpt opt)
                {
-                       return ignoreWidth || Uni.IsHalfWidthKana ((char) cp);
-               }
-
-               void SetOptions (CompareOptions options)
-               {
-                       this.ignoreNonSpace = (options & CompareOptions.IgnoreNonSpace) != 0;
-                       this.ignoreSymbols = (options & CompareOptions.IgnoreSymbols) != 0;
-                       this.ignoreWidth = (options & CompareOptions.IgnoreWidth) != 0;
-                       this.ignoreCase = (options & CompareOptions.IgnoreCase) != 0;
-                       this.ignoreKanaType = (options & CompareOptions.IgnoreKanaType) != 0;
+                       return (opt & COpt.IgnoreWidth) != 0 ||
+                               Uni.IsHalfWidthKana ((char) cp);
                }
 
                Contraction GetContraction (string s, int start, int end)
                {
+//                     int si = s [start];
+//                     if (si < 128 && (contractionFlags [si / 8] & (1 << (si & 7))) == 0)
+//                             return null;
                        Contraction c = GetContraction (s, start, end, contractions);
                        if (c != null || lcid == 127)
                                return c;
@@ -414,6 +337,9 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
 
                Contraction GetTailContraction (string s, int start, int end)
                {
+//                     int si = s [end - 1];
+//                     if (si < 128 && (contractionFlags [si / 8] & (1 << (si & 7))) == 0)
+//                             return null;
                        Contraction c = GetTailContraction (s, start, end, contractions);
                        if (c != null || lcid == 127)
                                return c;
@@ -422,20 +348,22 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
 
                Contraction GetTailContraction (string s, int start, int end, Contraction [] clist)
                {
+                       if (start == end || end < -1 || start >= s.Length || s.Length <= end + 1)
+                               throw new SystemException (String.Format ("MONO internal error. Failed to get TailContraction. start = {0} end = {1} string = '{2}'", start, end, s));
                        for (int i = 0; i < clist.Length; i++) {
                                Contraction ct = clist [i];
-                               int diff = ct.Source [0] - s [end];
+                               int diff = ct.Source [0] - s [end + 1];
                                if (diff > 0)
                                        return null; // it's already sorted
                                else if (diff < 0)
                                        continue;
                                char [] chars = ct.Source;
-                               if (start - end + 1 < chars.Length)
-                                       continue;
+
                                bool match = true;
-                               int offset = start - chars.Length + 1;
+                               if (chars.Length > start - end)
+                                       continue;
                                for (int n = 0; n < chars.Length; n++)
-                                       if (s [offset + n] != chars [n]) {
+                                       if (s [start - n] != chars [chars.Length - 1 - n]) {
                                                match = false;
                                                break;
                                        }
@@ -465,46 +393,20 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                        return null;
                }
 
-               int FilterOptions (int i)
+               int FilterOptions (int i, COpt opt)
                {
-                       if (ignoreWidth) {
-                               int x = widthCompat [widthIndexer.ToIndex (i)];
+                       if ((opt & COpt.IgnoreWidth) != 0) {
+                               int x = Uni.ToWidthCompat (i);
                                if (x != 0)
                                        i = x;
                        }
-                       if (ignoreCase)
+                       if ((opt & COpt.IgnoreCase) != 0)
                                i = textInfo.ToLower ((char) i);
-                       if (ignoreKanaType)
+                       if ((opt & COpt.IgnoreKanaType) != 0)
                                i = Uni.ToKanaTypeInsensitive (i);
                        return i;
                }
 
-               #region GetSortKey()
-
-               public SortKey GetSortKey (string s)
-               {
-                       return GetSortKey (s, CompareOptions.None);
-               }
-
-               public SortKey GetSortKey (string s, CompareOptions options)
-               {
-                       return GetSortKey (s, 0, s.Length, options);
-               }
-
-               public SortKey GetSortKey (string s, int start, int length, CompareOptions options)
-               {
-                       SetOptions (options);
-
-                       buf.Initialize (options, lcid, s, frenchSort);
-                       int end = start + length;
-                       previousChar = -1;
-                       GetSortKey (s, start, end);
-                       return buf.GetResultAndReset ();
-               }
-
-               int previousChar = -1;
-               byte [] previousSortKey = null;
-
                enum ExtenderType {
                        None,
                        Simple,
@@ -521,12 +423,25 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                        // Windows also expects true for U+3031 and U+3032,
                        // but they should *never* repeat one character.
 
+                       // U+2015 becomes an extender only when it is Japanese
+                       if (i == 0x2015)
+                               return lcid == 16 ? ExtenderType.Conditional :
+                                       ExtenderType.None;
+
                        if (i < 0x3005 || i > 0xFF70)
                                return ExtenderType.None;
-                       if (i == 0xFE7C || i == 0xFE7D)
-                               return ExtenderType.Simple;
-                       if (i == 0xFF70)
-                               return ExtenderType.Conditional;
+                       if (i >= 0xFE7C) {
+                               switch (i) {
+                               case 0xFE7C:
+                               case 0xFE7D:
+                                       return ExtenderType.Simple;
+                               case 0xFF70:
+                                       return ExtenderType.Conditional;
+                               case 0xFF9E:
+                               case 0xFF9F:
+                                       return ExtenderType.Voiced;
+                               }
+                       }
                        if (i > 0x30FE)
                                return ExtenderType.None;
                        switch (i) {
@@ -547,9 +462,9 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                        }
                }
 
-               byte ToDashTypeValue (ExtenderType ext)
+               static byte ToDashTypeValue (ExtenderType ext, COpt opt)
                {
-                       if (ignoreNonSpace) // LAMESPEC: huh, why?
+                       if ((opt & COpt.IgnoreNonSpace) != 0) // LAMESPEC: huh, why?
                                return 3;
                        switch (ext) {
                        case ExtenderType.None:
@@ -561,30 +476,84 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                        }
                }
 
-               bool IsIgnorable (int i)
+               int FilterExtender (int i, ExtenderType ext, COpt opt)
+               {
+                       if (ext == ExtenderType.Conditional &&
+                               Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) i)) {
+                               bool half = IsHalfKana ((char) i, opt);
+                               bool katakana = !Uni.IsHiragana ((char) i);
+                               switch (Level1 (i) & 7) {
+                               case 2:
+                                       return half ? 0xFF71 : katakana ? 0x30A2 : 0x3042;
+                               case 3:
+                                       return half ? 0xFF72 : katakana ? 0x30A4 : 0x3044;
+                               case 4:
+                                       return half ? 0xFF73 : katakana ? 0x30A6 : 0x3046;
+                               case 5:
+                                       return half ? 0xFF74 : katakana ? 0x30A8 : 0x3048;
+                               case 6:
+                                       return half ? 0xFF75 : katakana ? 0x30AA : 0x304A;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       return i;
+               }
+
+               static bool IsIgnorable (int i, COpt opt)
+               {
+                       return Uni.IsIgnorable (i, (byte) (1 +
+                               ((opt & COpt.IgnoreSymbols) != 0 ? 2 : 0) +
+                               ((opt & COpt.IgnoreNonSpace) != 0 ? 4 : 0)));
+                       
+               }
+
+               bool IsSafe (int i)
+               {
+                       return i / 8 >= unsafeFlags.Length ? true : (unsafeFlags [i / 8] & (1 << (i % 8))) == 0;
+               }
+
+               #region GetSortKey()
+
+               public SortKey GetSortKey (string s)
+               {
+                       return GetSortKey (s, CompareOptions.None);
+               }
+
+               public SortKey GetSortKey (string s, CompareOptions options)
                {
-                       return Uni.IsIgnorable (i) ||
-                               ignoreSymbols && Uni.IsIgnorableSymbol (i) ||
-                               ignoreNonSpace && Uni.IsIgnorableNonSpacing (i);
+                       return GetSortKey (s, 0, s.Length, options);
                }
 
-               void GetSortKey (string s, int start, int end)
+               public SortKey GetSortKey (string s, int start, int length, CompareOptions options)
                {
+                       SortKeyBuffer buf = new SortKeyBuffer (lcid);
+                       buf.Initialize (options, lcid, s, frenchSort);
+                       int end = start + length;
+                       GetSortKey (s, start, end, buf, options);
+                       return buf.GetResultAndReset ();
+               }
+
+               unsafe void GetSortKey (string s, int start, int end,
+                       SortKeyBuffer buf, CompareOptions opt)
+               {
+                       byte* prevbuf = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       ClearBuffer (prevbuf, 4);
+                       Context ctx = new Context (opt, null, null, null, null, prevbuf, false);
+
                        for (int n = start; n < end; n++) {
                                int i = s [n];
 
                                ExtenderType ext = GetExtenderType (i);
                                if (ext != ExtenderType.None) {
-                                       i = previousChar;
+                                       i = FilterExtender (ctx.PrevCode, ext, opt);
                                        if (i >= 0)
-                                               FillSortKeyRaw (i, ext);
-                                       else if (previousSortKey != null) {
-                                               byte [] b = previousSortKey;
+                                               FillSortKeyRaw (i, ext, buf, opt);
+                                       else if (ctx.PrevSortKey != null) {
+                                               byte* b = ctx.PrevSortKey;
                                                buf.AppendNormal (
                                                        b [0],
                                                        b [1],
-                                                       b [2] != 1 ? b [2] : Level2 (i),
-                                                       b [3] != 1 ? b [3] : level3 [lv3Indexer.ToIndex (i)]);
+                                                       b [2] != 1 ? b [2] : Level2 (i, ext),
+                                                       b [3] != 1 ? b [3] : Uni.Level3 (i));
                                        }
                                        // otherwise do nothing.
                                        // (if the extender is the first char
@@ -592,34 +561,37 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                        continue;
                                }
 
-                               if (IsIgnorable (i))
+                               if (IsIgnorable (i, opt))
                                        continue;
-                               i = FilterOptions (i);
+                               i = FilterOptions (i, opt);
 
                                Contraction ct = GetContraction (s, n, end);
                                if (ct != null) {
                                        if (ct.Replacement != null) {
-                                               GetSortKey (ct.Replacement, 0, ct.Replacement.Length);
+                                               GetSortKey (ct.Replacement, 0, ct.Replacement.Length, buf, opt);
                                        } else {
-                                               byte [] b = ct.SortKey;
+                                               byte* b = ctx.PrevSortKey;
+                                               for (int bi = 0; bi < ct.SortKey.Length; bi++)
+                                                       b [bi] = ct.SortKey [bi];
                                                buf.AppendNormal (
                                                        b [0],
                                                        b [1],
-                                                       b [2] != 1 ? b [2] : Level2 (i),
-                                                       b [3] != 1 ? b [3] : level3 [lv3Indexer.ToIndex (i)]);
-                                               previousSortKey = b;
-                                               previousChar = -1;
+                                                       b [2] != 1 ? b [2] : Level2 (i, ext),
+                                                       b [3] != 1 ? b [3] : Uni.Level3 (i));
+                                               ctx.PrevCode = -1;
                                        }
                                        n += ct.Source.Length - 1;
                                }
                                else {
-                                       previousChar = i;
-                                       FillSortKeyRaw (i, ExtenderType.None);
+                                       if (!Uni.IsIgnorableNonSpacing (i))
+                                               ctx.PrevCode = i;
+                                       FillSortKeyRaw (i, ExtenderType.None, buf, opt);
                                }
                        }
                }
 
-               void FillSortKeyRaw (int i, ExtenderType ext)
+               void FillSortKeyRaw (int i, ExtenderType ext,
+                       SortKeyBuffer buf, CompareOptions opt)
                {
                        if (0x3400 <= i && i <= 0x4DB5) {
                                int diff = i - 0x3400;
@@ -640,28 +612,24 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                        0);
                                return;
                        case UnicodeCategory.Surrogate:
-                               FillSurrogateSortKeyRaw (i);
+                               FillSurrogateSortKeyRaw (i, buf);
                                return;
                        }
 
-                       byte level2 = Level2 (i);
-                       if (ext == ExtenderType.Buggy)
-                               level2 = 5;
+                       byte level2 = Level2 (i, ext);
                        if (Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) i)) {
                                byte level1 = Level1 (i);
-                               if (ext == ExtenderType.Conditional)
-                                       level1 = (byte) ((level1 & 0xF) % 8);
                                buf.AppendKana (
                                        Category (i),
                                        level1,
                                        level2,
                                        Uni.Level3 (i),
                                        Uni.IsJapaneseSmallLetter ((char) i),
-                                       ToDashTypeValue (ext),
+                                       ToDashTypeValue (ext, opt),
                                        !Uni.IsHiragana ((char) i),
-                                       IsHalfKana ((char) i)
+                                       IsHalfKana ((char) i, opt)
                                        );
-                               if (!ignoreNonSpace && ext == ExtenderType.Voiced)
+                               if ((opt & COpt.IgnoreNonSpace) == 0 && ext == ExtenderType.Voiced)
                                        // Append voice weight
                                        buf.AppendNormal (1, 1, 1, 0);
                        }
@@ -673,7 +641,7 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                        Uni.Level3 (i));
                }
 
-               void FillSurrogateSortKeyRaw (int i)
+               void FillSurrogateSortKeyRaw (int i, SortKeyBuffer buf)
                {
                        int diffbase = 0;
                        int segment = 0;
@@ -719,34 +687,74 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                        return Compare (s1, 0, s1.Length, s2, 0, s2.Length, options);
                }
 
-               class Escape
+               private int CompareOrdinal (string s1, int idx1, int len1,
+                       string s2, int idx2, int len2)
                {
-                       public string Source;
-                       public int Index;
-                       public int Start;
-                       public int End;
+                       int min = len1 < len2 ? len1 : len2;
+                       int end1 = idx1 + min;
+                       int end2 = idx2 + min;
+                       if (idx1 < 0 || idx2 < 0 || end1 > s1.Length || end2 > s2.Length)
+                               throw new SystemException (String.Format ("CompareInfo Internal Error: Should not happen. {0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5}", idx1, idx2, len1, len2, s1.Length, s2.Length));
+                       for (int i1 = idx1, i2 = idx2;
+                               i1 < end1 && i2 < end2; i1++, i2++)
+                               if (s1 [i1] != s2 [i2])
+                                       return s1 [i1] - s2 [i2];
+                       return len1 == len2 ? 0 :
+                               len1 == min ? - 1 : 1;
                }
 
-               // Those instances are reused not to invoke instantiation
-               // during Compare().
-               Escape escape1 = new Escape ();
-               Escape escape2 = new Escape ();
+               // mostly equivalent to CompareOrdinal, but the return value is
+               // not based on codepoints.
+               private int CompareQuick (string s1, int idx1, int len1,
+                       string s2, int idx2, int len2, out bool sourceConsumed,
+                       out bool targetConsumed, bool immediateBreakup)
+               {
+                       sourceConsumed = false;
+                       targetConsumed = false;
+                       int min = len1 < len2 ? len1 : len2;
+                       int end1 = idx1 + min;
+                       int end2 = idx2 + min;
+                       if (idx1 < 0 || idx2 < 0 || end1 > s1.Length || end2 > s2.Length)
+                               throw new SystemException (String.Format ("CompareInfo Internal Error: Should not happen. {0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5}", idx1, idx2, len1, len2, s1.Length, s2.Length));
+                       for (int i1 = idx1, i2 = idx2;
+                               i1 < end1 && i2 < end2; i1++, i2++)
+                               if (s1 [i1] != s2 [i2]) {
+                                       if (immediateBreakup)
+                                               return -1;
+                                       int ret = Category (s1 [i1]) - Category (s2 [i2]);
+                                       if (ret == 0)
+                                               ret = Level1 (s1 [i1]) - Level1 (s2 [i2]);
+                                       // no level2 and 4
+                                       if (ret == 0)
+                                               ret = Uni.Level3 (s1 [i1]) - Uni.Level3 (s2 [i2]);
+                                       if (ret == 0)
+                                               throw new SystemException (String.Format ("CompareInfo Internal Error: Should not happen. '{0}' {2} {3} '{1}' {4} {5}", s1, s2, idx1, end1, idx2, end2));
+                                       return ret;
+                               }
+                       sourceConsumed = len1 <= len2;
+                       targetConsumed = len1 >= len2;
+                       return len1 == len2 ? 0 :
+                               len1 == min ? - 1 : 1;
+               }
 
-               private int CompareOrdinal (string s1, int idx1, int len1,
+               private int CompareOrdinalIgnoreCase (string s1, int idx1, int len1,
                        string s2, int idx2, int len2)
                {
                        int min = len1 < len2 ? len1 : len2;
                        int end1 = idx1 + min;
                        int end2 = idx2 + min;
+                       if (idx1 < 0 || idx2 < 0 || end1 > s1.Length || end2 > s2.Length)
+                               throw new SystemException (String.Format ("CompareInfo Internal Error: Should not happen. {0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5}", idx1, idx2, len1, len2, s1.Length, s2.Length));
+                       TextInfo ti = invariant.textInfo;
                        for (int i1 = idx1, i2 = idx2;
                                i1 < end1 && i2 < end2; i1++, i2++)
-                               if (s1 [i1] != s2 [i2])
-                                       return s1 [i1] - s2 [i2];
+                               if (ti.ToLower (s1 [i1]) != ti.ToLower (s2 [i2]))
+                                       return ti.ToLower (s1 [i1]) - ti.ToLower (s2 [i2]);
                        return len1 == len2 ? 0 :
                                len1 == min ? - 1 : 1;
                }
 
-               public int Compare (string s1, int idx1, int len1,
+               public unsafe int Compare (string s1, int idx1, int len1,
                        string s2, int idx2, int len2, CompareOptions options)
                {
                        // quick equality check
@@ -760,6 +768,10 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
 //                             return 0;
                        if (options == CompareOptions.Ordinal)
                                return CompareOrdinal (s1, idx1, len1, s2, idx2, len2);
+#if NET_2_0
+                       if (options == CompareOptions.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                               return CompareOrdinalIgnoreCase (s1, idx1, len1, s2, idx2, len2);
+#endif
 
 #if false // stable easy version, depends on GetSortKey().
                        SortKey sk1 = GetSortKey (s1, idx1, len1, options);
@@ -772,21 +784,58 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                        return d1 [i] < d2 [i] ? -1 : 1;
                        return d1.Length == d2.Length ? 0 : d1.Length < d2.Length ? -1 : 1;
 #else
-                       SetOptions (options);
-                       escape1.Source = null;
-                       escape2.Source = null;
-                       int ret = Compare (s1, idx1, len1, s2, idx2, len2, (options & CompareOptions.StringSort) != 0);
+                       byte* sk1 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       byte* sk2 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       ClearBuffer (sk1, 4);
+                       ClearBuffer (sk2, 4);
+                       Context ctx = new Context (options, null, null, sk1, sk2, null,
+                               QuickCheckPossible (s1, idx1, idx1 + len1, s2, idx2, idx2 + len2));
+
+                       bool dummy, dummy2;
+                       int ret = CompareInternal (s1, idx1, len1, s2, idx2, len2, out dummy, out dummy2, true, false, ref ctx);
                        return ret == 0 ? 0 : ret < 0 ? -1 : 1;
 #endif
                }
 
-               int Compare (string s1, int idx1, int len1, string s2,
-                       int idx2, int len2, bool stringSort)
+               unsafe void ClearBuffer (byte* buffer, int size)
+               {
+                       for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
+                               buffer [i] = 0;
+               }
+
+               bool QuickCheckPossible (string s1, int idx1, int end1,
+                       string s2, int idx2, int end2)
+               {
+                       if (QuickCheckDisabled)
+                               return false;
+//                     if (s1.Length > 100 || s2.Length > 100)
+//                             return false;
+                       for (int i = idx1; i < end1; i++)
+                               if (s1 [i] < 0x20 && (s1 [i] < '\x9' || s1 [i] > '\xD') || s1 [i] >= 0x80 || s1 [i] == '-' || s1 [i] == '\'')
+                                       return false;
+                       for (int i = idx2; i < end2; i++)
+                               if (s2 [i] < 0x20 && (s2 [i] < '\x9' || s2 [i] > '\xD') || s2 [i] >= 0x80 || s2 [i] == '-' || s2 [i] == '\'')
+                                       return false;
+                       return true;
+               }
+
+               unsafe int CompareInternal (string s1, int idx1, int len1, string s2,
+                       int idx2, int len2,
+                       out bool targetConsumed, out bool sourceConsumed,
+                       bool skipHeadingExtenders, bool immediateBreakup,
+                       ref Context ctx)
                {
+                       COpt opt = ctx.Option;
                        int start1 = idx1;
                        int start2 = idx2;
                        int end1 = idx1 + len1;
                        int end2 = idx2 + len2;
+                       targetConsumed = false;
+                       sourceConsumed = false;
+                       PreviousInfo prev2 = new PreviousInfo (false);
+
+                       if (opt == CompareOptions.None && ctx.QuickCheckPossible)
+                               return CompareQuick (s1, idx1, len1, s2, idx2, len2, out sourceConsumed, out targetConsumed, immediateBreakup);
 
                        // It holds final result that comes from the comparison
                        // at level 2 or lower. Even if Compare() found the
@@ -803,12 +852,32 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                        int lv5Value1 = 0;
                        int lv5Value2 = 0;
 
+                       // Skip heading extenders
+                       if (skipHeadingExtenders) {
+                               for (; idx1 < end1; idx1++)
+                                       if (GetExtenderType (s1 [idx1]) == ExtenderType.None)
+                                               break;
+                               for (; idx2 < end2; idx2++)
+                                       if (GetExtenderType (s2 [idx2]) == ExtenderType.None)
+                                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       ExtenderType ext1 = ExtenderType.None;
+                       ExtenderType ext2 = ExtenderType.None;
+
+                       int quickCheckPos1 = idx1;
+                       int quickCheckPos2 = idx2;
+                       bool stringSort = (opt & COpt.StringSort) != 0;
+                       bool ignoreNonSpace = (opt & COpt.IgnoreNonSpace) != 0;
+                       Escape escape1 = new Escape ();
+                       Escape escape2 = new Escape ();
+
                        while (true) {
                                for (; idx1 < end1; idx1++)
-                                       if (!IsIgnorable (s1 [idx1]))
+                                       if (!IsIgnorable (s1 [idx1], opt))
                                                break;
                                for (; idx2 < end2; idx2++)
-                                       if (!IsIgnorable (s2 [idx2]))
+                                       if (!IsIgnorable (s2 [idx2], opt))
                                                break;
 
                                if (idx1 >= end1) {
@@ -818,7 +887,9 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                        start1 = escape1.Start;
                                        idx1 = escape1.Index;
                                        end1 = escape1.End;
+                                       quickCheckPos1 = escape1.Optional;
                                        escape1.Source = null;
+                                       continue;
                                }
                                if (idx2 >= end2) {
                                        if (escape2.Source == null)
@@ -827,30 +898,88 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                        start2 = escape2.Start;
                                        idx2 = escape2.Index;
                                        end2 = escape2.End;
+                                       quickCheckPos2 = escape2.Optional;
                                        escape2.Source = null;
+                                       continue;
                                }
-#if false
-// FIXME: optimization could be done here.
+#if true
+// If comparison is unstable, then this part is one of the most doubtful part.
+// Here we run quick codepoint comparison and run back to "stable" area to
+// compare characters.
+
+                               // Strictly to say, even the first character
+                               // could be compared here, but it messed
+                               // backward step, so I just avoided mess.
+                               if (quickCheckPos1 < idx1 && quickCheckPos2 < idx2) {
+                                       while (idx1 < end1 && idx2 < end2 &&
+                                               s1 [idx1] == s2 [idx2]) {
+                                               idx1++;
+                                               idx2++;
+                                       }
+                                       if (idx1 == end1 || idx2 == end2)
+                                               continue; // check replacement
 
-                               if (s1 [idx1] == s2 [idx2]) {
-                                       idx1++;
-                                       idx2++;
-                                       continue;
+                                       int backwardEnd1 = quickCheckPos1;
+                                       int backwardEnd2 = quickCheckPos2;
+                                       quickCheckPos1 = idx1;
+                                       quickCheckPos2 = idx2;
+
+                                       idx1--;
+                                       idx2--;
+
+                                       for (;idx1 > backwardEnd1; idx1--)
+                                               if (Category (s1 [idx1]) != 1)
+                                                       break;
+                                       for (;idx2 > backwardEnd2; idx2--)
+                                               if (Category (s2 [idx2]) != 1)
+                                                       break;
+                                       for (;idx1 > backwardEnd1; idx1--)
+                                               if (IsSafe (s1 [idx1]))
+                                                       break;
+                                       for (;idx2 > backwardEnd2; idx2--)
+                                               if (IsSafe (s2 [idx2]))
+                                                       break;
                                }
-//                             while (idx1 >= start1 && !IsSafe ((int) s [idx1]))
-//                                     idx1--;
-//                             while (idx2 >= start2 && !IsSafe ((int) s [idx2]))
-//                                     idx2--;
 #endif
 
                                int cur1 = idx1;
                                int cur2 = idx2;
-                               byte [] sk1 = null;
-                               byte [] sk2 = null;
-                               int i1 = FilterOptions (s1 [idx1]);
-                               int i2 = FilterOptions (s2 [idx2]);
+                               byte* sk1 = null;
+                               byte* sk2 = null;
+                               int i1 = FilterOptions (s1 [idx1], opt);
+                               int i2 = FilterOptions (s2 [idx2], opt);
                                bool special1 = false;
                                bool special2 = false;
+
+                               // If current character is an expander, then
+                               // repeat the previous character.
+                               ext1 = GetExtenderType (i1);
+                               if (ext1 != ExtenderType.None) {
+                                       if (ctx.PrevCode < 0) {
+                                               if (ctx.PrevSortKey == null) {
+                                                       // nothing to extend
+                                                       idx1++;
+                                                       continue;
+                                               }
+                                               sk1 = ctx.PrevSortKey;
+                                       }
+                                       else
+                                               i1 = FilterExtender (ctx.PrevCode, ext1, opt);
+                               }
+                               ext2 = GetExtenderType (i2);
+                               if (ext2 != ExtenderType.None) {
+                                       if (prev2.Code < 0) {
+                                               if (prev2.SortKey == null) {
+                                                       // nothing to extend
+                                                       idx2++;
+                                                       continue;
+                                               }
+                                               sk2 = prev2.SortKey;
+                                       }
+                                       else
+                                               i2 = FilterExtender (prev2.Code, ext2, opt);
+                               }
+
                                byte cat1 = Category (i1);
                                byte cat2 = Category (i2);
 
@@ -863,6 +992,7 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                                // here Windows has a bug that it does
                                                // not consider thirtiary weight.
                                                lv5Value1 = Level1 (i1) << 8 + Uni.Level3 (i1);
+                                               ctx.PrevCode = i1;
                                                idx1++;
                                        }
                                        if (cat2 == 6) {
@@ -872,6 +1002,7 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                                // here Windows has a bug that it does
                                                // not consider thirtiary weight.
                                                lv5Value2 = Level1 (i2) << 8 + Uni.Level3 (i2);
+                                               prev2.Code = i2;
                                                idx2++;
                                        }
                                        if (cat1 == 6 || cat2 == 6) {
@@ -880,69 +1011,91 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                        }
                                }
 
-                               Contraction ct1 = GetContraction (s1, idx1, end1);
+                               Contraction ct1 = null;
+                               if (ext1 == ExtenderType.None)
+                                       ct1 = GetContraction (s1, idx1, end1);
+
                                int offset1 = 1;
-                               if (ct1 != null) {
+                               if (sk1 != null)
+                                       offset1 = 1;
+                               else if (ct1 != null) {
                                        offset1 = ct1.Source.Length;
                                        if (ct1.SortKey != null) {
-                                               sk1 = charSortKey;
+                                               sk1 = ctx.Buffer1;
                                                for (int i = 0; i < ct1.SortKey.Length; i++)
                                                        sk1 [i] = ct1.SortKey [i];
+                                               ctx.PrevCode = -1;
+                                               ctx.PrevSortKey = sk1;
                                        }
                                        else if (escape1.Source == null) {
                                                escape1.Source = s1;
                                                escape1.Start = start1;
                                                escape1.Index = cur1 + ct1.Source.Length;
                                                escape1.End = end1;
+                                               escape1.Optional = quickCheckPos1;
                                                s1 = ct1.Replacement;
                                                idx1 = 0;
                                                start1 = 0;
                                                end1 = s1.Length;
+                                               quickCheckPos1 = 0;
                                                continue;
                                        }
                                }
                                else {
-                                       sk1 = charSortKey;
+                                       sk1 = ctx.Buffer1;
                                        sk1 [0] = cat1;
                                        sk1 [1] = Level1 (i1);
                                        if (!ignoreNonSpace && currentLevel > 1)
-                                               sk1 [2] = Level2 (i1);
+                                               sk1 [2] = Level2 (i1, ext1);
                                        if (currentLevel > 2)
                                                sk1 [3] = Uni.Level3 (i1);
                                        if (currentLevel > 3)
                                                special1 = Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) i1);
+                                       if (cat1 > 1)
+                                               ctx.PrevCode = i1;
                                }
 
-                               Contraction ct2 = GetContraction (s2, idx2, end2);
-                               if (ct2 != null) {
+                               Contraction ct2 = null;
+                               if (ext2 == ExtenderType.None)
+                                       ct2 = GetContraction (s2, idx2, end2);
+
+                               if (sk2 != null)
+                                       idx2++;
+                               else if (ct2 != null) {
                                        idx2 += ct2.Source.Length;
                                        if (ct2.SortKey != null) {
-                                               sk2 = charSortKey2;
+                                               sk2 = ctx.Buffer2;
                                                for (int i = 0; i < ct2.SortKey.Length; i++)
                                                        sk2 [i] = ct2.SortKey [i];
+                                               prev2.Code = -1;
+                                               prev2.SortKey = sk2;
                                        }
                                        else if (escape2.Source == null) {
                                                escape2.Source = s2;
                                                escape2.Start = start2;
                                                escape2.Index = cur2 + ct2.Source.Length;
                                                escape2.End = end2;
+                                               escape2.Optional = quickCheckPos2;
                                                s2 = ct2.Replacement;
                                                idx2 = 0;
                                                start2 = 0;
                                                end2 = s2.Length;
+                                               quickCheckPos2 = 0;
                                                continue;
                                        }
                                }
                                else {
-                                       sk2 = charSortKey2;
+                                       sk2 = ctx.Buffer2;
                                        sk2 [0] = cat2;
                                        sk2 [1] = Level1 (i2);
                                        if (!ignoreNonSpace && currentLevel > 1)
-                                               sk2 [2] = Level2 (i2);
+                                               sk2 [2] = Level2 (i2, ext2);
                                        if (currentLevel > 2)
                                                sk2 [3] = Uni.Level3 (i2);
                                        if (currentLevel > 3)
                                                special2 = Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) i2);
+                                       if (cat2 > 1)
+                                               prev2.Code = i2;
                                        idx2++;
                                }
 
@@ -958,7 +1111,7 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                                if (sk1 [2] == 0)
                                                        sk1 [2] = 2;
                                                sk1 [2] = (byte) (sk1 [2] + 
-                                                       Level2 (s1 [idx1]));
+                                                       Level2 (s1 [idx1], ExtenderType.None));
                                                idx1++;
                                        }
 
@@ -969,7 +1122,7 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                                if (sk2 [2] == 0)
                                                        sk2 [2] = 2;
                                                sk2 [2] = (byte) (sk2 [2] + 
-                                                       Level2 (s2 [idx2]));
+                                                       Level2 (s2 [idx2], ExtenderType.None));
                                                idx2++;
                                        }
                                }
@@ -984,6 +1137,8 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                        ret = sk1 [2] - sk2 [2];
                                        if (ret != 0) {
                                                finalResult = ret;
+                                               if (immediateBreakup)
+                                                       return -1; // different
                                                currentLevel = frenchSort ? 2 : 1;
                                                continue;
                                        }
@@ -993,12 +1148,16 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                ret = sk1 [3] - sk2 [3];
                                if (ret != 0) {
                                        finalResult = ret;
+                                       if (immediateBreakup)
+                                               return -1; // different
                                        currentLevel = 2;
                                        continue;
                                }
                                if (currentLevel == 3)
                                        continue;
                                if (special1 != special2) {
+                                       if (immediateBreakup)
+                                               return -1; // different
                                        finalResult = special1 ? 1 : -1;
                                        currentLevel = 3;
                                        continue;
@@ -1008,15 +1167,17 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                                !Uni.IsJapaneseSmallLetter ((char) i1),
                                                !Uni.IsJapaneseSmallLetter ((char) i2));
                                        ret = ret != 0 ? ret :
-                                               Uni.GetJapaneseDashType ((char) i1) -
-                                               Uni.GetJapaneseDashType ((char) i2);
+                                               ToDashTypeValue (ext1, opt) -
+                                               ToDashTypeValue (ext2, opt);
                                        ret = ret != 0 ? ret : CompareFlagPair (
                                                Uni.IsHiragana ((char) i1),
                                                Uni.IsHiragana ((char) i2));
                                        ret = ret != 0 ? ret : CompareFlagPair (
-                                               !IsHalfKana ((char) i1),
-                                               !IsHalfKana ((char) i2));
+                                               !IsHalfKana ((char) i1, opt),
+                                               !IsHalfKana ((char) i2, opt));
                                        if (ret != 0) {
+                                               if (immediateBreakup)
+                                                       return -1; // different
                                                finalResult = ret;
                                                currentLevel = 3;
                                                continue;
@@ -1034,11 +1195,28 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                                break;
                                        if (!Uni.IsIgnorableNonSpacing (s2 [idx2]))
                                                break;
-                                       finalResult = Level2 (FilterOptions ((s1 [idx1]))) - Level2 (FilterOptions (s2 [idx2]));
+                                       finalResult = Level2 (FilterOptions (s1 [idx1], opt), ext1) - Level2 (FilterOptions (s2 [idx2], opt), ext2);
                                        if (finalResult != 0)
                                                break;
                                        idx1++;
                                        idx2++;
+                                       // they should work only for the first character
+                                       ext1 = ExtenderType.None;
+                                       ext2 = ExtenderType.None;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if (currentLevel == 1 && finalResult != 0) {
+                               while (idx1 < end1) {
+                                       if (Uni.IsIgnorableNonSpacing (s1 [idx1]))
+                                               idx1++;
+                                       else
+                                               break;
+                               }
+                               while (idx2 < end2) {
+                                       if (Uni.IsIgnorableNonSpacing (s2 [idx2]))
+                                               idx2++;
+                                       else
+                                               break;
                                }
                        }
                        // we still have to handle level 5
@@ -1047,9 +1225,20 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                if (finalResult == 0)
                                        finalResult = lv5Value1 - lv5Value2;
                        }
+                       if (finalResult == 0) {
+                               if (idx2 == end2)
+                                       targetConsumed = true;
+                               if (idx1 == end1)
+                                       sourceConsumed = true;
+                       }
                        return idx1 != end1 ? 1 : idx2 == end2 ? finalResult : -1;
                }
 
+               int CompareFlagPair (bool b1, bool b2)
+               {
+                       return b1 == b2 ? 0 : b1 ? 1 : -1;
+               }
+
                #endregion
 
                #region IsPrefix() and IsSuffix()
@@ -1059,143 +1248,27 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                        return IsPrefix (src, target, 0, src.Length, opt);
                }
 
-               public bool IsPrefix (string s, string target, int start, int length, CompareOptions opt)
-               {
-                       SetOptions (opt);
-                       return IsPrefix (s, target, start, length);
-               }
-
-               // returns the consumed length in positive number, or -1 if
-               // target was not a prefix.
-               bool IsPrefix (string s, string target, int start, int length)
-               {
-                       // quick check : simple codepoint comparison
-                       if (s.Length >= target.Length) {
-                               int si = start;
-                               for (int i = 0; si < length && i < target.Length; i++, si++)
-                                       if (s [si] != target [i])
-                                               break;
-                               if (si == start + target.Length)
-                                       return true;
-                       }
-
-                       escapedSourceIndex = -1;
-                       return IsPrefixInternal (s, target, start, length);
-               }
-
-               bool IsPrefixInternal (string s, string target, int start, int length)
+               public unsafe bool IsPrefix (string s, string target, int start, int length, CompareOptions opt)
                {
-                       int si = start;
-                       int end = start + length;
-                       int ti = 0;
-                       string source = s;
-
-                       while (ti < target.Length) {
-                               if (IsIgnorable (target [ti])) {
-                                       ti++;
-                                       continue;
-                               }
-                               if (si >= end) {
-                                       if (s == source)
-                                               break;
-                                       s = source;
-                                       si = escapedSourceIndex;
-                                       end = start + length;
-                                       escapedSourceIndex = -1;
-                                       continue;
-                               }
-                               if (IsIgnorable (s [si])) {
-                                       si++;
-                                       continue;
-                               }
-
-                               // Check contraction for target.
-                               Contraction ctt = GetContraction (target, ti, target.Length);
-                               if (ctt != null) {
-                                       ti += ctt.Source.Length;
-                                       if (ctt.SortKey != null) {
-                                               int ret = GetMatchLength (ref s, ref si, ref end, -1, ctt.SortKey, true);
-                                               if (ret < 0)
-                                                       return false;
-                                               si += ret;
-                                       } else {
-                                               string r = ctt.Replacement;
-                                               int i = 0;
-                                               while (i < r.Length && si < end) {
-                                                       int ret = GetMatchLength (ref s, ref si, ref end, r [i]);
-                                                       if (ret < 0)
-                                                               return false;
-                                                       si += ret;
-                                                       i++;
-                                               }
-                                               if (i < r.Length && si >= end)
-                                                       return false;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               else {
-                                       int ret = GetMatchLength (ref s, ref si, ref end, target [ti]);
-                                       if (ret < 0)
-                                               return false;
-                                       si += ret;
-                                       ti++;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       if (si == end) {
-                               // All codepoints in the compared range
-                               // matches. In that case, what matters 
-                               // is whether the remaining part of 
-                               // "target" is ignorable or not.
-                               while (ti < target.Length)
-                                       if (!IsIgnorable (target [ti++]))
-                                               return false;
+                       if (target.Length == 0)
                                return true;
-                       }
-                       return true;
+                       byte* sk1 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       byte* sk2 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       ClearBuffer (sk1, 4);
+                       ClearBuffer (sk2, 4);
+                       Context ctx = new Context (opt, null, null, sk1, sk2, null,
+                               QuickCheckPossible (s, start, start + length, target, 0, target.Length));
+                       return IsPrefix (s, target, start, length, true, ref ctx);
                }
 
-               // WARNING: Don't invoke it outside IsPrefix().
-               int GetMatchLength (ref string s, ref int idx, ref int end, char target)
+               unsafe bool IsPrefix (string s, string target, int start, int length, bool skipHeadingExtenders, ref Context ctx)
                {
-                       int it = FilterOptions ((int) target);
-                       charSortKey [0] = Category (it);
-                       charSortKey [1] = Level1 (it);
-                       if (!ignoreNonSpace)
-                               charSortKey [2] = Level2 (it);
-                       charSortKey [3] = Uni.Level3 (it);
-
-                       return GetMatchLength (ref s, ref idx, ref end, it, charSortKey, !Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) it));
-               }
-
-               // WARNING: Don't invoke it outside IsPrefix().
-               // returns consumed source length (mostly 1, source length in case of contraction)
-               int GetMatchLength (ref string s, ref int idx, ref int end, int it, byte [] sortkey, bool noLv4)
-               {
-                       Contraction ct = null;
-                       // If there is already expansion, then it should not
-                       // process further expansions.
-                       if (escapedSourceIndex < 0)
-                               ct = GetContraction (s, idx, end);
-                       if (ct != null) {
-                               if (ct.SortKey != null) {
-                                       if (!noLv4)
-                                               return -1;
-                                       for (int i = 0; i < ct.SortKey.Length; i++)
-                                               if (sortkey [i] != ct.SortKey [i])
-                                                       return -1;
-                                       return ct.Source.Length;
-                               } else {
-                                       escapedSourceIndex = idx + ct.Source.Length;
-                                       s = ct.Replacement;
-                                       idx = 0;
-                                       end = s.Length;
-                                       return GetMatchLength (ref s, ref idx, ref end, it, sortkey, noLv4);
-                               }
-                       } else {
-                               // primitive comparison
-                               if (Compare (s [idx], it, sortkey) != 0)
-                                       return -1;
-                               return 1;
-                       }
+                       bool consumed, dummy;
+                       CompareInternal (s, start, length,
+                               target, 0, target.Length,
+                               out consumed, out dummy, skipHeadingExtenders,
+                               true, ref ctx);
+                       return consumed;
                }
 
                // IsSuffix()
@@ -1205,10 +1278,13 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                        return IsSuffix (src, target, src.Length - 1, src.Length, opt);
                }
 
-               public bool IsSuffix (string s, string target, int start, int length, CompareOptions opt)
+               public unsafe bool IsSuffix (string s, string target, int start, int length, CompareOptions opt)
                {
-                       SetOptions (opt);
-
+                       if (target.Length == 0)
+                               return true;
+                       int last = LastIndexOf (s, target, start, length, opt);
+                       return last >= 0 && Compare (s, last, s.Length - last, target, 0, target.Length, opt) == 0;
+/*
                        // quick check : simple codepoint comparison
                        if (s.Length >= target.Length) {
                                int si = start;
@@ -1220,197 +1296,122 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                                        return true;
                        }
 
-                       escapedSourceIndex = -1;
-                       return IsSuffix (s, target, start, length);
+                       PreviousInfo prev = new PreviousInfo (false);
+                       byte* sk1 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       byte* sk2 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       ClearBuffer (sk1, 4);
+                       ClearBuffer (sk2, 4);
+                       return IsSuffix (opt, s, target, start, length, ref prev, sk1, sk2);
+*/
                }
 
-               bool IsSuffix (string s, string target, int start, int length)
+               unsafe bool IsSuffix (string s, string t, int start, int length, ref Context ctx)
                {
+                       int tstart = 0;
+                       COpt opt = ctx.Option;
+
+                       for (;tstart < t.Length; tstart++)
+                               if (!IsIgnorable (t [tstart], opt))
+                                       break;
+                       if (tstart == t.Length)
+                               return true; // as if target is String.Empty.
+
+#if false
+// This is still not working. If it is not likely to get working, then just remove it.
                        int si = start;
-                       int ti = target.Length - 1;
-                       string source = s;
-                       int end = start - length + 1;
+                       int send = start - length;
+                       int ti = t.Length - 1;
+                       int tend = -1;
 
-                       while (ti >= 0) {
-                               if (IsIgnorable (target [ti])) {
-                                       ti--;
-                                       continue;
-                               }
-                               if (si < 0) {
-                                       if (s == source)
+                       int sStep = start + 1;
+                       int tStep = t.Length;
+                       bool sourceConsumed, targetConsumed;
+                       while (true) {
+                               for (; send < si; si--)
+                                       if (!IsIgnorable (s [si]))
                                                break;
-                                       s = source;
-                                       si = escapedSourceIndex;
-                                       escapedSourceIndex = -1;
-                                       continue;
-                               }
-                               if (IsIgnorable (s [si])) {
-                                       si--;
-                                       continue;
-                               }
-
-                               // Check contraction for target.
-                               Contraction ctt = GetTailContraction (target, ti, 0);
-                               if (ctt != null) {
-                                       ti -= ctt.Source.Length;
-                                       if (ctt.SortKey != null) {
-                                               int ret = GetMatchLengthBack (ref s, ref si, ref end, -1, ctt.SortKey, true);
-                                               if (ret < 0)
-                                                       return false;
-                                               si -= ret;
-                                       } else {
-                                               string r = ctt.Replacement;
-                                               int i = r.Length - 1;
-                                               while (i >= 0 && si >= end) {
-                                                       int ret = GetMatchLengthBack (ref s, ref si, ref end, r [i]);
-                                                       if (ret < 0)
-                                                               return false;
-                                                       si -= ret;
-                                                       i--;
-                                               }
-                                               if (i >= 0 && si < end)
-                                                       return false;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               else {
-                                       int ret = GetMatchLengthBack (ref s, ref si, ref end, target [ti]);
-                                       if (ret < 0)
-                                               return false;
-                                       si -= ret;
-                                       ti--;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       if (si < end) {
-                               // All codepoints in the compared range
-                               // matches. In that case, what matters 
-                               // is whether the remaining part of 
-                               // "target" is ignorable or not.
-                               while (ti >= 0)
-                                       if (!IsIgnorable (target [ti--]))
-                                               return false;
-                               return true;
+                               for (; tend < ti; ti--)
+                                       if (!IsIgnorable (t [ti]))
+                                               break;
+                               if (tend == ti)
+                                       break;
+                               for (; send < si; si--)
+                                       if (IsSafe (s [si]))
+                                               break;
+                               for (; tend < ti; ti--)
+                                       if (IsSafe (t [ti]))
+                                               break;
+Console.WriteLine ("==== {0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8}", s, si, send, length, t, ti, tstart, sStep - si, tStep - ti);
+                               if (CompareInternal (opt, s, si, sStep - si,
+                                       t, ti, tStep - ti,
+                                       out targetConsumed, out sourceConsumed,
+                                       true) != 0)
+                                       return false;
+                               if (send == si)
+                                       return false;
+                               sStep = si;
+                               tStep = ti;
+                               si--;
+                               ti--;
                        }
                        return true;
-               }
-
-               // WARNING: Don't invoke it outside IsSuffix().
-               int GetMatchLengthBack (ref string s, ref int idx, ref int end, char target)
-               {
-                       int it = FilterOptions ((int) target);
-                       charSortKey [0] = Category (it);
-                       charSortKey [1] = Level1 (it);
-                       if (!ignoreNonSpace)
-                               charSortKey [2] = Level2 (it);
-                       charSortKey [3] = Uni.Level3 (it);
-
-                       return GetMatchLengthBack (ref s, ref idx, ref end, it, charSortKey, !Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) it));
-               }
-
-               // WARNING: Don't invoke it outside IsSuffix().
-               // returns consumed source length (mostly 1, source length in case of contraction)
-               int GetMatchLengthBack (ref string s, ref int idx, ref int end, int it, byte [] sortkey, bool noLv4)
-               {
-                       Contraction ct = null;
-                       // If there is already expansion, then it should not
-                       // process further expansions.
-                       if (escapedSourceIndex < 0)
-                               ct = GetTailContraction (s, idx, end);
-                       if (ct != null) {
-                               if (ct.SortKey != null) {
-                                       if (!noLv4)
-                                               return -1;
-                                       for (int i = 0; i < ct.SortKey.Length; i++)
-                                               if (sortkey [i] != ct.SortKey [i])
-                                                       return -1;
-                                       return ct.Source.Length;
-                               } else {
-                                       escapedSourceIndex = idx - ct.Source.Length;
-                                       s = ct.Replacement;
-                                       idx = s.Length - 1;
-                                       end = 0;
-                                       return GetMatchLength (ref s, ref idx, ref end, it, sortkey, noLv4);
+#else
+                       // FIXME: it is not efficient for very long target.
+                       bool sourceConsumed, targetConsumed;
+                       int mismatchCount = 0;
+                       for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+                               ctx.ClearPrevInfo ();
+
+                               int ret = CompareInternal (s, start - i, i + 1,
+                                       t, tstart, t.Length - tstart,
+                                       out targetConsumed,
+                                       // FIXME: could immediately breakup
+                                       out sourceConsumed, true, true, ref ctx);
+                               if (ret == 0)
+                                       return true;
+                               if (!sourceConsumed && targetConsumed)
+                                       return false;
+                               if (!targetConsumed) {
+                                       mismatchCount++;
+                                       if (mismatchCount > Uni.MaxExpansionLength)
+                                               // The largest length of an
+                                               // expansion is 3, so if the
+                                               // target was not consumed more
+                                               // than 3 times, then the tail
+                                               // character does not match.
+                                               return false;
                                }
-                       } else {
-                               // primitive comparison
-                               if (Compare (s [idx], it, sortkey) != 0)
-                                       return -1;
-                               return 1;
-                       }
-               }
-
-               // Common use methods 
-
-               // returns comparison result.
-               private int Compare (char src, int ct, byte [] sortkey)
-               {
-                       // char-by-char comparison.
-                       int cs = FilterOptions (src);
-                       if (cs == ct)
-                               return 0;
-                       // lv.1 to 3
-                       int ret = Category (cs) - Category (ct);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               return ret;
-                       ret = Level1 (cs) - Level1 (ct);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               return ret;
-                       if (!ignoreNonSpace) {
-                               ret = Level2 (cs) - Level2 (ct);
-                               if (ret != 0)
-                                       return ret;
                        }
-                       ret = Uni.Level3 (cs) - Uni.Level3 (ct);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               return ret;
-                       // lv.4 (only when required). No need to check cj coz
-                       // there is no pair of characters that has the same
-                       // primary level and differs here.
-                       if (!Uni.HasSpecialWeight (src))
-                               return 0;
-                       char target = (char) ct;
-                       ret = CompareFlagPair (
-                               !Uni.IsJapaneseSmallLetter (src),
-                               !Uni.IsJapaneseSmallLetter (target));
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               return ret;
-                       ret = Uni.GetJapaneseDashType (src) -
-                               Uni.GetJapaneseDashType (target);
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               return ret;
-                       ret = CompareFlagPair (Uni.IsHiragana (src),
-                               Uni.IsHiragana (target));
-                       if (ret != 0)
-                               return ret;
-                       ret = CompareFlagPair (!IsHalfKana (src),
-                               !IsHalfKana (target));
-                       return ret;
-               }
-
-               int CompareFlagPair (bool b1, bool b2)
-               {
-                       return b1 == b2 ? 0 : b1 ? 1 : -1;
+                       return false;
+#endif
                }
 
                #endregion
 
                #region IndexOf() / LastIndexOf()
 
-               // IndexOf (string, string, CompareOptions)
-               // IndexOf (string, string, int, int, CompareOptions)
-               // IndexOf (string, char, int, int, CompareOptions)
-               // IndexOfPrimitiveChar (string, int, int, char)
-               // IndexOfSortKey (string, int, int, byte[], char, int, bool)
-               // IndexOf (string, string, int, int)
-
                public int IndexOf (string s, string target, CompareOptions opt)
                {
                        return IndexOf (s, target, 0, s.Length, opt);
                }
 
-               public int IndexOf (string s, string target, int start, int length, CompareOptions opt)
+               public unsafe int IndexOf (string s, string target, int start, int length, CompareOptions opt)
                {
-                       SetOptions (opt);
-                       return IndexOf (s, target, start, length);
+                       byte* alwaysMatchFlags = stackalloc byte [16];
+                       byte* neverMatchFlags = stackalloc byte [16];
+                       byte* targetSortKey = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       byte* sk1 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       byte* sk2 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       ClearBuffer (alwaysMatchFlags, 16);
+                       ClearBuffer (neverMatchFlags, 16);
+                       ClearBuffer (targetSortKey, 4);
+                       ClearBuffer (sk1, 4);
+                       ClearBuffer (sk2, 4);
+                       Context ctx = new Context (opt, alwaysMatchFlags, neverMatchFlags, sk1, sk2, null,
+                               QuickCheckPossible (s, start, start + length, target, 0, target.Length));
+
+                       return IndexOf (s, target, start, length,
+                               targetSortKey, ref ctx);
                }
 
                public int IndexOf (string s, char target, CompareOptions opt)
@@ -1418,41 +1419,54 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                        return IndexOf (s, target, 0, s.Length, opt);
                }
 
-               public int IndexOf (string s, char target, int start, int length, CompareOptions opt)
+               public unsafe int IndexOf (string s, char target, int start, int length, CompareOptions opt)
                {
-                       SetOptions (opt);
+                       byte* alwaysMatchFlags = stackalloc byte [16];
+                       byte* neverMatchFlags = stackalloc byte [16];
+                       byte* targetSortKey = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       byte* sk1 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       byte* sk2 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       ClearBuffer (alwaysMatchFlags, 16);
+                       ClearBuffer (neverMatchFlags, 16);
+                       ClearBuffer (targetSortKey, 4);
+                       ClearBuffer (sk1, 4);
+                       ClearBuffer (sk2, 4);
+                       Context ctx = new Context (opt, alwaysMatchFlags, neverMatchFlags, sk1, sk2, null, false);
 
                        // If target is contraction, then use string search.
                        Contraction ct = GetContraction (target);
                        if (ct != null) {
                                if (ct.Replacement != null)
-                                       return IndexOfPrimitiveChar (s, start, length, ct.Replacement [0]);
-                               else
-                                       return IndexOfSortKey (s, start, length, ct.SortKey, char.MinValue, -1, true);
+                                       return IndexOf (s, ct.Replacement,
+                                               start, length, targetSortKey, ref ctx);
+                               else {
+                                       for (int i = 0; i < ct.SortKey.Length; i++)
+                                               sk2 [i] = ct.SortKey [i];
+                                       return IndexOfSortKey (s, start, length, sk2, char.MinValue, -1, true, ref ctx);
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               int ti = FilterOptions ((int) target, opt);
+                               targetSortKey [0] = Category (ti);
+                               targetSortKey [1] = Level1 (ti);
+                               if ((opt & COpt.IgnoreNonSpace) == 0)
+                                       targetSortKey [2] =
+                                               Level2 (ti, ExtenderType.None);
+                               targetSortKey [3] = Uni.Level3 (ti);
+                               return IndexOfSortKey (s, start, length,
+                                       targetSortKey, target, ti,
+                                       !Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) ti), ref ctx);
                        }
-                       else
-                               return IndexOfPrimitiveChar (s, start, length, target);
-               }
-
-               // Searches target char w/o checking contractions
-               int IndexOfPrimitiveChar (string s, int start, int length, char target)
-               {
-                       int ti = FilterOptions ((int) target);
-                       charSortKey [0] = Category (ti);
-                       charSortKey [1] = Level1 (ti);
-                       if (!ignoreNonSpace)
-                               charSortKey [2] = Level2 (ti);
-                       charSortKey [3] = Uni.Level3 (ti);
-                       return IndexOfSortKey (s, start, length, charSortKey, target, ti, !Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) ti));
                }
 
                // Searches target byte[] keydata
-               int IndexOfSortKey (string s, int start, int length, byte [] sortkey, char target, int ti, bool noLv4)
+               unsafe int IndexOfSortKey (string s, int start, int length, byte* sortkey, char target, int ti, bool noLv4, ref Context ctx)
                {
                        int end = start + length;
-                       for (int idx = start; idx < end; idx++) {
+                       int idx = start;
+
+                       while (idx < end) {
                                int cur = idx;
-                               if (Matches (s, ref idx, end, ti, target, sortkey, noLv4, false))
+                               if (MatchesForward (s, ref idx, end, ti, sortkey, noLv4, ref ctx))
                                        return cur;
                        }
                        return -1;
@@ -1460,31 +1474,64 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
 
                // Searches string. Search head character (or keydata when
                // the head is contraction sortkey) and try IsPrefix().
-               int IndexOf (string s, string target, int start, int length)
+               unsafe int IndexOf (string s, string target, int start, int length, byte* targetSortKey, ref Context ctx)
                {
+                       COpt opt = ctx.Option;
                        int tidx = 0;
                        for (; tidx < target.Length; tidx++)
-                               if (!IsIgnorable (target [tidx]))
+                               if (!IsIgnorable (target [tidx], opt))
                                        break;
                        if (tidx == target.Length)
                                return start;
                        Contraction ct = GetContraction (target, tidx, target.Length - tidx);
-                       byte [] sortkey = ct != null ? ct.SortKey : null;
                        string replace = ct != null ? ct.Replacement : null;
+                       byte* sk = replace == null ? targetSortKey : null;
+                       bool noLv4 = true;
+                       char tc = char.MinValue;
+                       int ti = -1;
+                       if (ct != null && sk != null) {
+                               for (int i = 0; i < ct.SortKey.Length; i++)
+                                       sk [i] = ct.SortKey [i];
+                       } else if (sk != null) {
+                               tc = target [tidx];
+                               ti = FilterOptions (target [tidx], opt);
+                               sk [0] = Category (ti);
+                               sk [1] = Level1 (ti);
+                               if ((opt & COpt.IgnoreNonSpace) == 0)
+                                       sk [2] = Level2 (ti, ExtenderType.None);
+                               sk [3] = Uni.Level3 (ti);
+                               noLv4 = !Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) ti);
+                       }
+                       if (sk != null) {
+                               for (tidx++; tidx < target.Length; tidx++) {
+                                       if (Category (target [tidx]) != 1)
+                                               break;
+                                       if (sk [2] == 0)
+                                               sk [2] = 2;
+                                       sk [2] = (byte) (sk [2] + Level2 (target [tidx], ExtenderType.None));
+                               }
+                       }
+
                        do {
                                int idx = 0;
-                               if (sortkey != null)
-                                       idx = IndexOfSortKey (s, start, length, ct.SortKey, char.MinValue, -1, true);
-                               else if (replace != null)
-                                       idx = IndexOf (s, replace, start, length);
+                               if (replace != null)
+                                       idx = IndexOf (s, replace, start, length, targetSortKey, ref ctx);
                                else
-                                       idx = IndexOfPrimitiveChar (s, start, length, target [tidx]);
+                                       idx = IndexOfSortKey (s, start, length, sk, tc, ti, noLv4, ref ctx);
                                if (idx < 0)
                                        return -1;
-                               if (IsPrefix (s, target, idx, length - (idx - start)))
+                               length -= idx - start;
+                               start = idx;
+                               if (IsPrefix (s, target, start, length, false, ref ctx))
                                        return idx;
-                               start++;
-                               length--;
+                               Contraction cts = GetContraction (s, start, length);
+                               if (cts != null) {
+                                       start += cts.Source.Length;
+                                       length -= cts.Source.Length;
+                               } else {
+                                       start++;
+                                       length--;
+                               }
                        } while (length > 0);
                        return -1;
                }
@@ -1499,10 +1546,22 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                        return LastIndexOf (s, target, s.Length - 1, s.Length, opt);
                }
 
-               public int LastIndexOf (string s, string target, int start, int length, CompareOptions opt)
+               public unsafe int LastIndexOf (string s, string target, int start, int length, CompareOptions opt)
                {
-                       SetOptions (opt);
-                       return LastIndexOf (s, target, start, length);
+                       byte* alwaysMatchFlags = stackalloc byte [16];
+                       byte* neverMatchFlags = stackalloc byte [16];
+                       byte* targetSortKey = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       byte* sk1 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       byte* sk2 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       ClearBuffer (alwaysMatchFlags, 16);
+                       ClearBuffer (neverMatchFlags, 16);
+                       ClearBuffer (targetSortKey, 4);
+                       ClearBuffer (sk1, 4);
+                       ClearBuffer (sk2, 4);
+                       // For some unknown reason CompareQuick() does not work fine w/ LastIndexOf().
+                       Context ctx = new Context (opt, alwaysMatchFlags, neverMatchFlags, sk1, sk2, null, false);
+                       return LastIndexOf (s, target, start, length,
+                               targetSortKey, ref ctx);
                }
 
                public int LastIndexOf (string s, char target, CompareOptions opt)
@@ -1510,42 +1569,59 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
                        return LastIndexOf (s, target, s.Length - 1, s.Length, opt);
                }
 
-               public int LastIndexOf (string s, char target, int start, int length, CompareOptions opt)
+               public unsafe int LastIndexOf (string s, char target, int start, int length, CompareOptions opt)
                {
-                       SetOptions (opt);
-
-                       // If target is contraction, then use string search.
+                       byte* alwaysMatchFlags = stackalloc byte [16];
+                       byte* neverMatchFlags = stackalloc byte [16];
+                       byte* targetSortKey = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       byte* sk1 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       byte* sk2 = stackalloc byte [4];
+                       ClearBuffer (alwaysMatchFlags, 16);
+                       ClearBuffer (neverMatchFlags, 16);
+                       ClearBuffer (targetSortKey, 4);
+                       ClearBuffer (sk1, 4);
+                       ClearBuffer (sk2, 4);
+                       Context ctx = new Context (opt, alwaysMatchFlags, neverMatchFlags, sk1, sk2, null, false);
+
+                       // If target is a replacement contraction, then use 
+                       // string search.
                        Contraction ct = GetContraction (target);
                        if (ct != null) {
                                if (ct.Replacement != null)
-                                       return LastIndexOfPrimitiveChar (s, start, length, ct.Replacement [0]);
-                               else
-                                       return LastIndexOfSortKey (s, start, length, ct.SortKey, char.MinValue, -1, true);
+                                       return LastIndexOf (s,
+                                               ct.Replacement, start, length,
+                                               targetSortKey, ref ctx);
+                               else {
+                                       for (int bi = 0; bi < ct.SortKey.Length; bi++)
+                                               sk2 [bi] = ct.SortKey [bi];
+                                       return LastIndexOfSortKey (s, start,
+                                               start, length, sk2,
+                                               -1, true, ref ctx);
+                               }
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               int ti = FilterOptions ((int) target, opt);
+                               targetSortKey [0] = Category (ti);
+                               targetSortKey [1] = Level1 (ti);
+                               if ((opt & COpt.IgnoreNonSpace) == 0)
+                                       targetSortKey [2] = Level2 (ti, ExtenderType.None);
+                               targetSortKey [3] = Uni.Level3 (ti);
+                               return LastIndexOfSortKey (s, start, start,
+                                       length, targetSortKey,
+                                       ti, !Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) ti),
+                                       ref ctx);
                        }
-                       else
-                               return LastIndexOfPrimitiveChar (s, start, length, target);
-               }
-
-               // Searches target char w/o checking contractions
-               int LastIndexOfPrimitiveChar (string s, int start, int length, char target)
-               {
-                       int ti = FilterOptions ((int) target);
-                       charSortKey [0] = Category (ti);
-                       charSortKey [1] = Level1 (ti);
-                       if (!ignoreNonSpace)
-                               charSortKey [2] = Level2 (ti);
-                       charSortKey [3] = Uni.Level3 (ti);
-                       return LastIndexOfSortKey (s, start, length, charSortKey, target, ti, !Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) ti));
                }
 
                // Searches target byte[] keydata
-               int LastIndexOfSortKey (string s, int start, int length, byte [] sortkey, char target, int ti, bool noLv4)
+               unsafe int LastIndexOfSortKey (string s, int start, int orgStart, int length, byte* sortkey, int ti, bool noLv4, ref Context ctx)
                {
                        int end = start - length;
-
-                       for (int idx = start; idx > end; idx--) {
+                       int idx = start;
+                       while (idx > end) {
                                int cur = idx;
-                               if (Matches (s, ref idx, end, ti, target, sortkey, noLv4, true))
+                               if (MatchesBackward (s, ref idx, end, orgStart,
+                                       ti, sortkey, noLv4, ref ctx))
                                        return cur;
                        }
                        return -1;
@@ -1553,97 +1629,317 @@ Console.WriteLine (" -> '{0}'", c.Replacement);
 
                // Searches string. Search head character (or keydata when
                // the head is contraction sortkey) and try IsPrefix().
-               int LastIndexOf (string s, string target, int start, int length)
+               unsafe int LastIndexOf (string s, string target, int start, int length, byte* targetSortKey, ref Context ctx)
                {
+                       COpt opt = ctx.Option;
                        int orgStart = start;
                        int tidx = 0;
                        for (; tidx < target.Length; tidx++)
-                               if (!IsIgnorable (target [tidx]))
+                               if (!IsIgnorable (target [tidx], opt))
                                        break;
                        if (tidx == target.Length)
                                return start;
                        Contraction ct = GetContraction (target, tidx, target.Length - tidx);
-                       byte [] sortkey = ct != null ? ct.SortKey : null;
                        string replace = ct != null ? ct.Replacement : null;
+                       byte* sk = replace == null ? targetSortKey : null;
+
+                       bool noLv4 = true;
+                       int ti = -1;
+                       if (ct != null && sk != null) {
+                               for (int i = 0; i < ct.SortKey.Length; i++)
+                                       sk [i] = ct.SortKey [i];
+                       } else if (sk != null) {
+                               ti = FilterOptions (target [tidx], opt);
+                               sk [0] = Category (ti);
+                               sk [1] = Level1 (ti);
+                               if ((opt & COpt.IgnoreNonSpace) == 0)
+                                       sk [2] = Level2 (ti, ExtenderType.None);
+                               sk [3] = Uni.Level3 (ti);
+                               noLv4 = !Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) ti);
+                       }
+                       if (sk != null) {
+                               for (tidx++; tidx < target.Length; tidx++) {
+                                       if (Category (target [tidx]) != 1)
+                                               break;
+                                       if (sk [2] == 0)
+                                               sk [2] = 2;
+                                       sk [2] = (byte) (sk [2] + Level2 (target [tidx], ExtenderType.None));
+                               }
+                       }
 
                        do {
                                int idx = 0;
-                               if (sortkey != null)
-                                       idx = LastIndexOfSortKey (s, start, length, ct.SortKey, char.MinValue, -1, true);
-                               else if (replace != null)
-                                       idx = LastIndexOf (s, replace, start, length);
-                               else
-                                       idx = LastIndexOfPrimitiveChar (s, start, length, target [tidx]);
 
+                               if (replace != null)
+                                       idx = LastIndexOf (s, replace,
+                                               start, length,
+                                               targetSortKey, ref ctx);
+                               else
+                                       idx = LastIndexOfSortKey (s, start, orgStart, length, sk, ti, noLv4, ref ctx);
                                if (idx < 0)
                                        return -1;
-                               if (IsPrefix (s, target, idx, orgStart - idx + 1)) {
+                               length -= start - idx;
+                               start = idx;
+
+                               if (IsPrefix (s, target, idx, orgStart - idx + 1, false, ref ctx)) {
                                        for (;idx < orgStart; idx++)
-                                               if (!IsIgnorable (s [idx]))
+                                               if (!IsIgnorable (s [idx], opt))
                                                        break;
                                        return idx;
                                }
-                               length--;
-                               start--;
+                               Contraction cts = GetContraction (s, idx, orgStart - idx + 1);
+                               if (cts != null) {
+                                       start -= cts.Source.Length;
+                                       length -= cts.Source.Length;
+                               } else {
+                                       start--;
+                                       length--;
+                               }
                        } while (length > 0);
                        return -1;
                }
 
-               private bool Matches (string s, ref int idx, int end, int ti, char target, byte [] sortkey, bool noLv4, bool lastIndexOf)
+               unsafe bool MatchesForward (string s, ref int idx, int end, int ti, byte* sortkey, bool noLv4, ref Context ctx)
                {
-                       switch (char.GetUnicodeCategory (s [idx])) {
-                       case UnicodeCategory.PrivateUse:
-                       case UnicodeCategory.Surrogate:
-                               if (s [idx] != target)
-                                       return false;
+                       COpt opt = ctx.Option;
+                       int si = s [idx];
+                       if (ctx.AlwaysMatchFlags != null && si < 128 && (ctx.AlwaysMatchFlags [si / 8] & (1 << (si % 8))) != 0)
+                               return true;
+                       if (ctx.NeverMatchFlags != null &&
+                                       si < 128 &&
+                                       (ctx.NeverMatchFlags [si / 8] & (1 << (si % 8))) != 0) {
+                               idx++;
+                               return false;
+                       }
+                       ExtenderType ext = GetExtenderType (s [idx]);
+                       Contraction ct = null;
+                       if (MatchesForwardCore (s, ref idx, end, ti, sortkey, noLv4, ext, ref ct, ref ctx)) {
+                               if (ctx.AlwaysMatchFlags != null && ct == null && ext == ExtenderType.None && si < 128)
+                                       ctx.AlwaysMatchFlags [si / 8] |= (byte) (1 << (si % 8));
                                return true;
                        }
+                       if (ctx.NeverMatchFlags != null && ct == null && ext == ExtenderType.None && si < 128)
+                               ctx.NeverMatchFlags [si / 8] |= (byte) (1 << (si % 8));
+                       return false;
+               }
 
-                       char sc = char.MinValue;
-                       Contraction ct = GetContraction (s, idx, end);
+               unsafe bool MatchesForwardCore (string s, ref int idx, int end, int ti, byte* sortkey, bool noLv4, ExtenderType ext, ref Contraction ct, ref Context ctx)
+               {
+                       COpt opt = ctx.Option;
+                       byte* charSortKey = ctx.Buffer1;
+                       bool ignoreNonSpace = (opt & COpt.IgnoreNonSpace) != 0;
+                       int si = -1;
+                       if (ext == ExtenderType.None)
+                               ct = GetContraction (s, idx, end);
+                       else if (ctx.PrevCode < 0) {
+                               if (ctx.PrevSortKey == null) {
+                                       idx++;
+                                       return false;
+                               }
+                               charSortKey = ctx.PrevSortKey;
+                       }
+                       else
+                               si = FilterExtender (ctx.PrevCode, ext, opt);
                        // if lv4 exists, it never matches contraction
-                       if (ct != null && noLv4) {
-                               if (lastIndexOf)
-                                       idx -= ct.Source.Length - 1;
-                               else
-                                       idx += ct.Source.Length - 1;
+                       if (ct != null) {
+                               idx += ct.Source.Length;
+                               if (!noLv4)
+                                       return false;
                                if (ct.SortKey != null) {
-                                       for (int i = 0; i < sortkey.Length; i++)
-                                               if (ct.SortKey [i] != sortkey [i])
-                                                       return false;
-                                       return true;
+                                       for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+                                               charSortKey [i] = sortkey [i];
+                                       ctx.PrevCode = -1;
+                                       ctx.PrevSortKey = charSortKey;
+                               } else {
+                                       // Here is the core of LAMESPEC
+                                       // described at the top of the source.
+                                       int dummy = 0;
+                                       return MatchesForward (ct.Replacement, ref dummy,
+                                               ct.Replacement.Length, ti, sortkey, noLv4, ref ctx);
                                }
-                               // Here is the core of LAMESPEC
-                               // described at the top of the source.
-                               sc = ct.Replacement [0];
+                       } else {
+                               if (si < 0)
+                                       si = FilterOptions (s [idx], opt);
+                               idx++;
+                               charSortKey [0] = Category (si);
+                               bool noMatch = false;
+                               if (sortkey [0] == charSortKey [0])
+                                       charSortKey [1] = Level1 (si);
+                               else
+                                       noMatch = true;
+                               if (!ignoreNonSpace && sortkey [1] == charSortKey [1])
+                                       charSortKey [2] = Level2 (si, ext);
+                               else if (!ignoreNonSpace)
+                                       noMatch = true;
+                               if (noMatch) {
+                                       for (; idx < end; idx++) {
+                                               if (Category (s [idx]) != 1)
+                                                       break;
+                                       }
+                                       return false;
+                               }
+                               charSortKey [3] = Uni.Level3 (si);
+                               if (charSortKey [0] != 1)
+                                       ctx.PrevCode = si;
+                       }
+                       for (; idx < end; idx++) {
+                               if (Category (s [idx]) != 1)
+                                       break;
+                               if (ignoreNonSpace)
+                                       continue;
+                               if (charSortKey [2] == 0)
+                                               charSortKey [2] = 2;
+                                       charSortKey [2] = (byte) (charSortKey [2]
+                                               + Level2 (s [idx], ExtenderType.None));
                        }
-                       else
-                               sc = s [idx];
 
-                       if (sc == target)
-                               return true;
-                       int si = FilterOptions ((int) sc);
-                       if (Category (si) != sortkey [0] ||
-                               Level1 (si) != sortkey [1] ||
-                               !ignoreNonSpace && Level2 (si) != sortkey [2] ||
-                               Uni.Level3 (si) != sortkey [3])
+                       return MatchesPrimitive (opt, charSortKey, si, ext, sortkey, ti, noLv4);
+               }
+
+               unsafe bool MatchesPrimitive (COpt opt, byte* source, int si, ExtenderType ext, byte* target, int ti, bool noLv4)
+               {
+                       bool ignoreNonSpace = (opt & COpt.IgnoreNonSpace) != 0;
+                       if (source [0] != target [0] ||
+                               source [1] != target [1] ||
+                               (!ignoreNonSpace && source [2] != target [2]) ||
+                               source [3] != target [3])
                                return false;
-                       if (noLv4 && !Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) si))
+                       if (noLv4 && (si < 0 || !Uni.HasSpecialWeight ((char) si)))
                                return true;
                        else if (noLv4)
                                return false;
+                       // Since target can never be an extender, if the source
+                       // is an expander and it matters, then they never match.
+                       if (!ignoreNonSpace && ext == ExtenderType.Conditional)
+                               return false;
                        if (Uni.IsJapaneseSmallLetter ((char) si) !=
                                Uni.IsJapaneseSmallLetter ((char) ti) ||
-                               Uni.GetJapaneseDashType ((char) si) !=
-                               Uni.GetJapaneseDashType ((char) ti) ||
+                               ToDashTypeValue (ext, opt) !=
+                               // FIXME: we will have to specify correct value for target
+                               ToDashTypeValue (ExtenderType.None, opt) ||
                                !Uni.IsHiragana ((char) si) !=
                                !Uni.IsHiragana ((char) ti) ||
-                               IsHalfKana ((char) si) !=
-                               IsHalfKana ((char) ti))
+                               IsHalfKana ((char) si, opt) !=
+                               IsHalfKana ((char) ti, opt))
                                return false;
                        return true;
                }
 
+               unsafe bool MatchesBackward (string s, ref int idx, int end, int orgStart, int ti, byte* sortkey, bool noLv4, ref Context ctx)
+               {
+                       int si = s [idx];
+                       if (ctx.AlwaysMatchFlags != null && si < 128 && (ctx.AlwaysMatchFlags [si / 8] & (1 << (si % 8))) != 0)
+                               return true;
+                       if (ctx.NeverMatchFlags != null && si < 128 && (ctx.NeverMatchFlags [si / 8] & (1 << (si % 8))) != 0) {
+                               idx--;
+                               return false;
+                       }
+                       ExtenderType ext = GetExtenderType (s [idx]);
+                       Contraction ct = null;
+                       if (MatchesBackwardCore (s, ref idx, end, orgStart, ti, sortkey, noLv4, ext, ref ct, ref ctx)) {
+                               if (ctx.AlwaysMatchFlags != null && ct == null && ext == ExtenderType.None && si < 128)
+                                       ctx.AlwaysMatchFlags [si / 8] |= (byte) (1 << (si % 8));
+                               return true;
+                       }
+                       if (ctx.NeverMatchFlags != null && ct == null && ext == ExtenderType.None && si < 128) {
+                               ctx.NeverMatchFlags [si / 8] |= (byte) (1 << (si % 8));
+                       }
+                       return false;
+               }
+
+               unsafe bool MatchesBackwardCore (string s, ref int idx, int end, int orgStart, int ti, byte* sortkey, bool noLv4, ExtenderType ext, ref Contraction ct, ref Context ctx)
+               {
+                       COpt opt = ctx.Option;
+                       byte* charSortKey = ctx.Buffer1;
+                       bool ignoreNonSpace = (opt & COpt.IgnoreNonSpace) != 0;
+                       int cur = idx;
+                       int si = -1;
+                       // To handle extenders in source, we need to
+                       // check next _primary_ character.
+                       if (ext != ExtenderType.None) {
+                               byte diacritical = 0;
+                               for (int tmp = 0; ; tmp--) {
+                                       if (tmp < 0) // heading extender
+                                               return false;
+                                       if (IsIgnorable (s [tmp], opt))
+                                               continue;
+                                       int tmpi = FilterOptions (s [tmp], opt);
+                                       byte category = Category (tmpi);
+                                       if (category == 1) {
+                                               diacritical = Level2 (tmpi, ExtenderType.None);
+                                               continue;
+                                       }
+                                       si = FilterExtender (tmpi, ext, opt);
+                                       charSortKey [0] = category;
+                                       charSortKey [1] = Level1 (si);
+                                       if (!ignoreNonSpace)
+                                               charSortKey [2] = Level2 (si, ext);
+                                       charSortKey [3] = Uni.Level3 (si);
+                                       if (ext != ExtenderType.Conditional &&
+                                               diacritical != 0)
+                                               charSortKey [2] =
+                                                       (charSortKey [2] == 0) ?
+                                                       (byte) (diacritical + 2) :
+                                                       diacritical;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               idx--;
+                       }
+                       if (ext == ExtenderType.None)
+                               ct = GetTailContraction (s, idx, end);
+                       // if lv4 exists, it never matches contraction
+                       if (ct != null) {
+                               idx -= ct.Source.Length;
+                               if (!noLv4)
+                                       return false;
+                               if (ct.SortKey != null) {
+                                       for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+                                               charSortKey [i] = sortkey [i];
+                                       ctx.PrevCode = -1;
+                                       ctx.PrevSortKey = charSortKey;
+                               } else {
+                                       // Here is the core of LAMESPEC
+                                       // described at the top of the source.
+                                       int dummy = ct.Replacement.Length - 1;
+                                       return 0 <= LastIndexOfSortKey (
+                                               ct.Replacement, dummy, dummy,
+                                               ct.Replacement.Length, sortkey,
+                                               ti, noLv4, ref ctx);
+                               }
+                       } else if (ext == ExtenderType.None) {
+                               if (si < 0)
+                                       si = FilterOptions (s [idx], opt);
+                               idx--;
+                               bool noMatch = false;
+                               charSortKey [0] = Category (si);
+                               if (charSortKey [0] == sortkey [0])
+                                       charSortKey [1] = Level1 (si);
+                               else
+                                       noMatch = true;
+                               if (!ignoreNonSpace && charSortKey [1] == sortkey [1])
+                                       charSortKey [2] = Level2 (si, ext);
+                               else if (!ignoreNonSpace)
+                                       noMatch = true;
+                               if (noMatch)
+                                       return false;
+                               charSortKey [3] = Uni.Level3 (si);
+                               if (charSortKey [0] != 1)
+                                       ctx.PrevCode = si;
+                       }
+                       if (ext == ExtenderType.None) {
+                               for (int tmp = cur + 1; tmp < orgStart; tmp++) {
+                                       if (Category (s [tmp]) != 1)
+                                               break;
+                                       if (ignoreNonSpace)
+                                               continue;
+                                       if (charSortKey [2] == 0)
+                                                       charSortKey [2] = 2;
+                                       charSortKey [2] = (byte) (charSortKey [2]
+                                               + Level2 (s [tmp], ExtenderType.None));
+                               }
+                       }
+                       return MatchesPrimitive (opt, charSortKey, si, ext, sortkey, ti, noLv4);
+               }
                #endregion
        }
 }