Next save, with linking started.
[cacao.git] / loader.c
index 888e4517d87f1d0a9239fa904f1a5c22ef029e3f..afd087707644973710cdb672ed3cd197406b33ba 100644 (file)
--- a/loader.c
+++ b/loader.c
    Contact: cacao@complang.tuwien.ac.at
 
    Authors: Reinhard Grafl
+
    Changes: Andreas Krall
             Roman Obermaiser
             Mark Probst
-                       Edwin Steiner
+            Edwin Steiner
+            Christian Thalinger
 
-   $Id: loader.c 1008 2004-03-31 20:13:14Z edwin $
+   $Id: loader.c 1372 2004-08-01 21:56:10Z stefan $
 
 */
 
 #include <string.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#include "exceptions.h"
 #include "global.h"
 #include "loader.h"
-#include "main.h"
+#include "options.h"
 #include "native.h"
 #include "tables.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "jit.h"
+#include "jit/jit.h"
 #include "asmpart.h"
+#include "options.h"
+#include "statistics.h"
 #include "toolbox/memory.h"
-#include "toolbox/loging.h"
+#include "toolbox/logging.h"
 #include "threads/thread.h"
 #include "threads/locks.h"
 #include "nat/java_lang_Throwable.h"
 
 /* global variables ***********************************************************/
 
-int count_class_infos = 0;      /* variables for measurements                 */
-int count_const_pool_len = 0;
-int count_vftbl_len = 0;
-int count_all_methods = 0;
-int count_vmcode_len = 0;
-int count_extable_len = 0;
-int count_class_loads = 0;
-int count_class_inits = 0;
-
 static s4 interfaceindex;       /* sequential numbering of interfaces         */
 static s4 classvalue;
 
-list unloadedclasses;       /* list of all referenced but not loaded classes  */
-list unlinkedclasses;       /* list of all loaded but not linked classes      */
-list linkedclasses;         /* list of all completely linked classes          */
-
 
 /* utf-symbols for pointer comparison of frequently used strings */
 
-static utf *utf_innerclasses;          /* InnerClasses            */
-static utf *utf_constantvalue;                 /* ConstantValue           */
-static utf *utf_code;                      /* Code                    */
-static utf *utf_exceptions;            /* Exceptions                    */
-static utf *utf_linenumbertable;               /* LineNumberTable                    */
-static utf *utf_sourcefile;            /*SourceFile*/
-static utf *utf_finalize;                  /* finalize                */
-static utf *utf_fidesc;                    /* ()V changed             */
-static utf *utf_init;                          /* <init>                  */
-static utf *utf_clinit;                    /* <clinit>                */
-static utf *utf_initsystemclass;       /* initializeSystemClass   */
-static utf *utf_systemclass;           /* java/lang/System        */
-static utf *utf_vmclassloader;      /* java/lang/VMClassLoader */
-static utf *utf_vmclass;            /* java/lang/VMClassLoader */
+static utf *utf_innerclasses;          /* InnerClasses                           */
+static utf *utf_constantvalue;                 /* ConstantValue                          */
+static utf *utf_code;                      /* Code                                   */
+static utf *utf_exceptions;         /* Exceptions                             */
+static utf *utf_linenumbertable;    /* LineNumberTable                        */
+static utf *utf_sourcefile;         /* SourceFile                             */
+static utf *utf_finalize;                  /* finalize                               */
+static utf *utf_fidesc;                    /* ()V changed                            */
+static utf *utf_init;                          /* <init>                                 */
+static utf *utf_clinit;                    /* <clinit>                               */
+static utf *utf_initsystemclass;       /* initializeSystemClass                  */
+static utf *utf_systemclass;           /* java/lang/System                       */
+static utf *utf_vmclassloader;      /* java/lang/VMClassLoader                */
+static utf *utf_vmclass;            /* java/lang/VMClassLoader                */
 static utf *utf_initialize;
 static utf *utf_initializedesc;
-static utf *utf_java_lang_Object;   /* java/lang/Object        */
-
-
+static utf *utf_java_lang_Object;   /* java/lang/Object                       */
 
+utf *utf_fillInStackTrace_name;
+utf *utf_fillInStackTrace_desc;
 
 utf* clinit_desc(){
        return utf_fidesc;
@@ -115,8 +107,6 @@ utf* clinit_name(){
 
 classinfo *class_java_lang_Object;
 classinfo *class_java_lang_String;
-
-classinfo *class_java_lang_Throwable;
 classinfo *class_java_lang_Cloneable;
 classinfo *class_java_io_Serializable;
 
@@ -124,12 +114,10 @@ classinfo *class_java_io_Serializable;
 classinfo *pseudo_class_Arraystub = NULL;
 classinfo *pseudo_class_Null = NULL;
 classinfo *pseudo_class_New = NULL;
-vftbl *pseudo_class_Arraystub_vftbl = NULL;
+vftbl_t *pseudo_class_Arraystub_vftbl = NULL;
 
 utf *array_packagename = NULL;
 
-static int loader_inited = 0;
-
 
 /********************************************************************
    list of classpath entries (either filesystem directories or 
@@ -175,113 +163,152 @@ java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_NullPointerException;
 *******************************************************************************/
 
 static char *classpath    = "";     /* searchpath for classfiles              */
-static u1 *classbuffer    = NULL;   /* pointer to buffer with classfile-data  */
-static u1 *classbuf_pos;            /* current position in classfile buffer   */
-static int classbuffer_size;        /* size of classfile-data                 */
 
-/* assert that at least <len> bytes are left to read */
-/* <len> is limited to the range of non-negative s4 values */
-#define ASSERT_LEFT(len)                                                                                               \
-       do {if ( ((s4)(len)) < 0                                                                                        \
-                        || ((classbuffer + classbuffer_size) - classbuf_pos - 1) < (len)) \
-                       panic("Unexpected end of classfile"); } while(0)
 
-/* transfer block of classfile data into a buffer */
+/* check_classbuffer_size ******************************************************
+
+   assert that at least <len> bytes are left to read
+   <len> is limited to the range of non-negative s4 values
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+static inline bool check_classbuffer_size(classbuffer *cb, s4 len)
+{
+       if (len < 0 || ((cb->data + cb->size) - cb->pos - 1) < len) {
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_classformaterror((cb)->class, "Truncated class file");
+
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       return true;
+}
+
+
+/* suck_nbytes *****************************************************************
+
+   transfer block of classfile data into a buffer
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+inline void suck_nbytes(u1 *buffer, classbuffer *cb, s4 len)
+{
+       memcpy(buffer, cb->pos + 1, len);
+       cb->pos += len;
+}
+
+
+/* skip_nbytes ****************************************************************
 
-#define suck_nbytes(buffer,len)                                                \
-       do {ASSERT_LEFT(len);                                                   \
-               memcpy(buffer,classbuf_pos+1,len);                      \
-               classbuf_pos+=len;} while (0)
+   skip block of classfile data
 
-/* skip block of classfile data */
+*******************************************************************************/
 
-#define skip_nbytes(len)                                               \
-       do {ASSERT_LEFT(len);                                           \
-               classbuf_pos+=len;} while(0)
+inline void skip_nbytes(classbuffer *cb, s4 len)
+{
+       cb->pos += len;
+}
 
 
-inline u1 suck_u1()
+inline u1 suck_u1(classbuffer *cb)
 {
-       ASSERT_LEFT(1);
-       return *++classbuf_pos;
+       return *++(cb->pos);
 }
 
 
-inline u2 suck_u2()
+inline u2 suck_u2(classbuffer *cb)
 {
-       u1 a = suck_u1();
-       u1 b = suck_u1();
+       u1 a = suck_u1(cb);
+       u1 b = suck_u1(cb);
        return ((u2) a << 8) + (u2) b;
 }
 
 
-inline u4 suck_u4()
+inline u4 suck_u4(classbuffer *cb)
 {
-       u1 a = suck_u1();
-       u1 b = suck_u1();
-       u1 c = suck_u1();
-       u1 d = suck_u1();
+       u1 a = suck_u1(cb);
+       u1 b = suck_u1(cb);
+       u1 c = suck_u1(cb);
+       u1 d = suck_u1(cb);
        return ((u4) a << 24) + ((u4) b << 16) + ((u4) c << 8) + (u4) d;
 }
 
-#define suck_s8() (s8) suck_u8()
-#define suck_s2() (s2) suck_u2()
-#define suck_s4() (s4) suck_u4()
-#define suck_s1() (s1) suck_u1()
+#define suck_s8(a) (s8) suck_u8((a))
+#define suck_s2(a) (s2) suck_u2((a))
+#define suck_s4(a) (s4) suck_u4((a))
+#define suck_s1(a) (s1) suck_u1((a))
 
 
 /* get u8 from classfile data */
-static u8 suck_u8()
+static u8 suck_u8(classbuffer *cb)
 {
 #if U8_AVAILABLE
        u8 lo, hi;
-       hi = suck_u4();
-       lo = suck_u4();
+       hi = suck_u4(cb);
+       lo = suck_u4(cb);
        return (hi << 32) + lo;
 #else
        u8 v;
-       v.high = suck_u4();
-       v.low = suck_u4();
+       v.high = suck_u4(cb);
+       v.low = suck_u4(cb);
        return v;
 #endif
 }
 
 
 /* get float from classfile data */
-static float suck_float()
+static float suck_float(classbuffer *cb)
 {
        float f;
 
 #if !WORDS_BIGENDIAN 
-               u1 buffer[4];
-               u2 i;
-               for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) buffer[3 - i] = suck_u1();
-               memcpy((u1*) (&f), buffer, 4);
-#else 
-               suck_nbytes((u1*) (&f), 4);
+       u1 buffer[4];
+       u2 i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+               buffer[3 - i] = suck_u1(cb);
+
+       memcpy((u1*) (&f), buffer, 4);
+#else
+       suck_nbytes((u1*) (&f), cb, 4);
 #endif
 
-       PANICIF (sizeof(float) != 4, "Incompatible float-format");
+       if (sizeof(float) != 4) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_exception_message(string_java_lang_InternalError,
+                                                                                         "Incompatible float-format");
+
+               /* XXX should we exit in such a case? */
+               throw_exception_exit();
+       }
        
        return f;
 }
 
 
 /* get double from classfile data */
-static double suck_double()
+static double suck_double(classbuffer *cb)
 {
        double d;
 
 #if !WORDS_BIGENDIAN 
-               u1 buffer[8];
-               u2 i;   
-               for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) buffer[7 - i] = suck_u1 ();
-               memcpy((u1*) (&d), buffer, 8);
+       u1 buffer[8];
+       u2 i;   
+
+       for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+               buffer[7 - i] = suck_u1(cb);
+
+       memcpy((u1*) (&d), buffer, 8);
 #else 
-               suck_nbytes((u1*) (&d), 8);
+       suck_nbytes((u1*) (&d), cb, 8);
 #endif
 
-       PANICIF (sizeof(double) != 8, "Incompatible double-format" );
+       if (sizeof(double) != 8) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_exception_message(string_java_lang_InternalError,
+                                                                                         "Incompatible double-format");
+
+               /* XXX should we exit in such a case? */
+               throw_exception_exit();
+       }
        
        return d;
 }
@@ -302,114 +329,121 @@ void suck_init(char *cpath)
        int filenamelen;
        union classpath_info *tmp;
        union classpath_info *insertAfter=0;
-       if (!cpath) return;
-       classpath   = cpath;
-       classbuffer = NULL;
+
+       if (!cpath)
+               return;
+
+       classpath = cpath;
        
-       if (classpath_entries) panic("suck_init should be called only once");
-       for(start=classpath;(*start)!='\0';) {
-               for (end=start; ((*end)!='\0') && ((*end)!=':') ; end++);
-               if (start!=end) {
-                       isZip=0;
-                       filenamelen=(end-start);
-                       if  (filenamelen>3) {
-                               if ( 
-                                       (
-                                               (
-                                                       ((*(end-1))=='p') ||
-                                                       ((*(end-1))=='P')
-                                               ) &&
-                                               (
-                                                       ((*(end-2))=='i') ||
-                                                       ((*(end-2))=='I')
-                                               ) &&
-                                               (
-                                                       ((*(end-3))=='z') ||
-                                                       ((*(end-3))=='Z')
-                                               )
-                                       ) ||
-                                       (
-                                               (
-                                                       ((*(end-1))=='r') ||
-                                                       ((*(end-1))=='R')
-                                               ) &&
-                                               (
-                                                       ((*(end-2))=='a') ||
-                                                       ((*(end-2))=='A')
-                                               ) &&
-                                               (
-                                                       ((*(end-3))=='j') ||
-                                                       ((*(end-3))=='J')
-                                               )
-                                       )
-                               ) isZip=1;
-#if 0
-                               if ( 
-                                       (  (  (*(end - 1)) == 'p') || ( (*(end - 1))  == 'P')) &&
-                                    (((*(end - 2)) == 'i') || ( (*(end - 2)) == 'I'))) &&
-                                        (( (*(end - 3)) == 'z') || ((*(end - 3)) == 'Z'))) 
-                               ) {
-                                       isZip=1;
-                               } else  if ( (( (*(end - 1)) == 'r') || ( (*(end - 1))  == 'R')) &&
-                                    ((*(end - 2)) == 'a') || ( (*(end - 2)) == 'A')) &&
-                                        (( (*(end - 3)) == 'j') || ((*(end - 3)) == 'J')) ) {
-                                       isZip=1;
+       if (classpath_entries)
+               panic("suck_init should be called only once");
+
+       for (start = classpath; (*start) != '\0';) {
+               for (end = start; ((*end) != '\0') && ((*end) != ':'); end++);
+
+               if (start != end) {
+                       isZip = 0;
+                       filenamelen = end - start;
+
+                       if (filenamelen > 3) {
+                               if (strncasecmp(end - 3, "zip", 3) == 0 ||
+                                       strncasecmp(end - 3, "jar", 3) == 0) {
+                                       isZip = 1;
                                }
-#endif
                        }
-                       if (filenamelen>=(CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME-1)) panic("path length >= MAXFILENAME in suck_init"); 
+
+                       if (filenamelen >= (CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME - 1))
+                               panic("path length >= MAXFILENAME in suck_init");
+
                        if (!filename)
-                               filename=(char*)malloc(CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME);
-                       strncpy(filename,start,filenamelen);
-                       filename[filenamelen+1]='\0';
-                       tmp=0;
+                               filename = MNEW(char, CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME);
+
+                       strncpy(filename, start, filenamelen);
+                       filename[filenamelen + 1] = '\0';
+                       tmp = NULL;
 
                        if (isZip) {
-#ifdef USE_ZLIB
-                               unzFile uf=unzOpen(filename);
+#if defined(USE_ZLIB)
+                               unzFile uf = unzOpen(filename);
+
                                if (uf) {
-                                       tmp=(union classpath_info*)malloc(sizeof(classpath_info));
-                                       tmp->archive.type=CLASSPATH_ARCHIVE;
-                                       tmp->archive.uf=uf;
-                                       tmp->archive.next=0;
-                                       filename=0;
+                                       tmp = (union classpath_info *) NEW(classpath_info);
+                                       tmp->archive.type = CLASSPATH_ARCHIVE;
+                                       tmp->archive.uf = uf;
+                                       tmp->archive.next = NULL;
+                                       filename = NULL;
                                }
 #else
-                               panic("Zip/JAR not supported");
+                               throw_cacao_exception_exit(string_java_lang_InternalError, "zip/jar files not supported");
 #endif
                                
                        } else {
-                               tmp=(union classpath_info*)malloc(sizeof(classpath_info));
-                               tmp->filepath.type=CLASSPATH_PATH;
-                               tmp->filepath.next=0;
-                               if (filename[filenamelen-1]!='/') {/*PERHAPS THIS SHOULD BE READ FROM A GLOBAL CONFIGURATION */
-                                       filename[filenamelen]='/';
-                                       filename[filenamelen+1]='\0';
+                               tmp = (union classpath_info *) NEW(classpath_info);
+                               tmp->filepath.type = CLASSPATH_PATH;
+                               tmp->filepath.next = 0;
+
+                               if (filename[filenamelen - 1] != '/') {/*PERHAPS THIS SHOULD BE READ FROM A GLOBAL CONFIGURATION */
+                                       filename[filenamelen] = '/';
+                                       filename[filenamelen + 1] = '\0';
                                        filenamelen++;
                                }
                        
-                               tmp->filepath.filename=filename;
-                               tmp->filepath.pathlen=filenamelen;                              
-                               filename=0;
+                               tmp->filepath.filename = filename;
+                               tmp->filepath.pathlen = filenamelen;                            
+                               filename = NULL;
                        }
 
-               if (tmp) {
-                       if (insertAfter) {
-                               insertAfter->filepath.next=tmp;
-                       } else {
-                               classpath_entries=tmp;  
+                       if (tmp) {
+                               if (insertAfter) {
+                                       insertAfter->filepath.next = tmp;
+
+                               } else {
+                                       classpath_entries = tmp;
+                               }
+                               insertAfter = tmp;
                        }
-                       insertAfter=tmp;
                }
-       }
-               if ((*end)==':') start=end+1; else start=end;
-       
+
+               if ((*end) == ':')
+                       start = end + 1;
+               else
+                       start = end;
        
-       if (filename!=0) free(filename);
+               if (filename) {
+                       MFREE(filename, char, CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME);
+                       filename = NULL;
+               }
+       }
 }
 
+
+void create_all_classes()
+{
+       classpath_info *cpi;
+
+       for (cpi = classpath_entries; cpi != 0; cpi = cpi->filepath.next) {
+#if defined(USE_ZLIB)
+               if (cpi->filepath.type == CLASSPATH_ARCHIVE) {
+                       cacao_entry_s *ce;
+                       unz_s *s;
+
+                       s = (unz_s *) cpi->archive.uf;
+                       ce = s->cacao_dir_list;
+                               
+                       while (ce) {
+                               (void) class_new(ce->name);
+                               ce = ce->next;
+                       }
+
+               } else {
+#endif
+#if defined(USE_ZLIB)
+               }
+#endif
+       }
 }
 
+
 /************************** function suck_start ********************************
 
        returns true if classbuffer is already loaded or a file for the
@@ -419,47 +453,61 @@ void suck_init(char *cpath)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-bool suck_start(utf *classname)
+classbuffer *suck_start(classinfo *c)
 {
        classpath_info *currPos;
        char *utf_ptr;
-       char c;
-       char filename[CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME+10];  /* room for '.class'                      */  
+       char ch;
+       char filename[CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME+10];  /* room for '.class'            */
        int  filenamelen=0;
        FILE *classfile;
        int  err;
        struct stat buffer;
+       classbuffer *cb;
+
+       utf_ptr = c->name->text;
 
-       if (classbuffer) return true; /* classbuffer is already valid */
+       while (utf_ptr < utf_end(c->name)) {
+               if (filenamelen >= CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_message(string_java_lang_InternalError,
+                                                                         "Filename too long");
 
-       utf_ptr = classname->text;
-       while (utf_ptr < utf_end(classname)) {
-               PANICIF (filenamelen >= CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME, "Filename too long");
-               c = *utf_ptr++;
-               if ((c <= ' ' || c > 'z') && (c != '/'))     /* invalid character */
-                       c = '?';
-               filename[filenamelen++] = c;
+                       /* XXX should we exit in such a case? */
+                       throw_exception_exit();
+               }
+
+               ch = *utf_ptr++;
+               if ((ch <= ' ' || ch > 'z') && (ch != '/'))     /* invalid character */
+                       ch = '?';
+               filename[filenamelen++] = ch;
        }
+
        strcpy(filename + filenamelen, ".class");
-       filenamelen+=6;
-       for (currPos=classpath_entries;currPos!=0;currPos=currPos->filepath.next) {
-#ifdef USE_ZLIB
-               if (currPos->filepath.type==CLASSPATH_ARCHIVE) {
-                       if (cacao_locate(currPos->archive.uf,classname) == UNZ_OK) {
+       filenamelen += 6;
+
+       for (currPos = classpath_entries; currPos != 0; currPos = currPos->filepath.next) {
+#if defined(USE_ZLIB)
+               if (currPos->filepath.type == CLASSPATH_ARCHIVE) {
+                       if (cacao_locate(currPos->archive.uf, c->name) == UNZ_OK) {
                                unz_file_info file_info;
                                /*log_text("Class found in zip file");*/
                                if (unzGetCurrentFileInfo(currPos->archive.uf, &file_info, filename,
                                                sizeof(filename), NULL, 0, NULL, 0) == UNZ_OK) {
                                        if (unzOpenCurrentFile(currPos->archive.uf) == UNZ_OK) {
-                                               classbuffer_size = file_info.uncompressed_size;                         
-                                               classbuffer      = MNEW(u1, classbuffer_size);
-                                               classbuf_pos     = classbuffer - 1;
+                                               cb = NEW(classbuffer);
+                                               cb->class = c;
+                                               cb->size = file_info.uncompressed_size;
+                                               cb->data = MNEW(u1, cb->size);
+                                               cb->pos = cb->data - 1;
                                                /*printf("classfile size: %d\n",file_info.uncompressed_size);*/
-                                               if (unzReadCurrentFile(currPos->archive.uf, classbuffer, classbuffer_size) == classbuffer_size) {
+                                               if (unzReadCurrentFile(currPos->archive.uf, cb->data, cb->size) == cb->size) {
                                                        unzCloseCurrentFile(currPos->archive.uf);
-                                                       return true;
+                                                       return cb;
+
                                                } else {
-                                                       MFREE(classbuffer, u1, classbuffer_size);
+                                                       MFREE(cb->data, u1, cb->size);
+                                                       FREE(cb, classbuffer);
                                                        log_text("Error while unzipping");
                                                }
                                        } else log_text("Error while opening file in archive");
@@ -469,27 +517,29 @@ bool suck_start(utf *classname)
 
                } else {
 #endif
-                       if ((currPos->filepath.pathlen+filenamelen)>=CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME) continue;
-                       strcpy(currPos->filepath.filename+currPos->filepath.pathlen,filename);
+                       if ((currPos->filepath.pathlen + filenamelen) >= CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME) continue;
+                       strcpy(currPos->filepath.filename + currPos->filepath.pathlen, filename);
                        classfile = fopen(currPos->filepath.filename, "r");
                        if (classfile) {                                       /* file exists */
 
                                /* determine size of classfile */
 
                                /* dolog("File: %s",filename); */
-
                                err = stat(currPos->filepath.filename, &buffer);
 
-                               if (!err) {                                /* read classfile data */                            
-                                       classbuffer_size = buffer.st_size;                              
-                                       classbuffer      = MNEW(u1, classbuffer_size);
-                                       classbuf_pos     = classbuffer - 1;
-                                       fread(classbuffer, 1, classbuffer_size, classfile);
+                               if (!err) {                            /* read classfile data */
+                                       cb = NEW(classbuffer);
+                                       cb->class = c;
+                                       cb->size = buffer.st_size;
+                                       cb->data = MNEW(u1, cb->size);
+                                       cb->pos = cb->data - 1;
+                                       fread(cb->data, 1, cb->size, classfile);
                                        fclose(classfile);
-                                       return true;
+
+                                       return cb;
                                }
                        }
-#ifdef USE_ZLIB
+#if defined(USE_ZLIB)
                }
 #endif
        }
@@ -498,10 +548,10 @@ bool suck_start(utf *classname)
                dolog("Warning: Can not open class file '%s'", filename);
        }
 
-       return false;
-
+       return NULL;
 }
 
+
 /************************** function suck_stop *********************************
 
        frees memory for buffer with classfile data.
@@ -510,24 +560,12 @@ bool suck_start(utf *classname)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void suck_stop()
+void suck_stop(classbuffer *cb)
 {
-       /* determine amount of classdata not retrieved by suck-operations         */
-
-       int classdata_left = ((classbuffer + classbuffer_size) - classbuf_pos - 1);
-
-       if (classdata_left > 0) {
-               /* surplus */           
-               dolog("There are %d extra bytes at end of classfile",
-                               classdata_left);
-               /* The JVM spec disallows extra bytes. */
-               panic("Extra bytes at end of classfile");
-       }
-
        /* free memory */
 
-       MFREE(classbuffer, u1, classbuffer_size);
-       classbuffer = NULL;
+       MFREE(cb->data, u1, cb->size);
+       FREE(cb, classbuffer);
 }
 
 
@@ -569,21 +607,6 @@ void printflags(u2 f)
 }
 
 
-/************************* Function: skipattribute *****************************
-
-       skips a (1) 'attribute' structure in the class file
-
-*******************************************************************************/
-
-static void skipattribute()
-{
-       u4 len;
-       suck_u2 ();
-       len = suck_u4();
-       skip_nbytes(len);       
-}
-
-
 /********************** Function: skipattributebody ****************************
 
        skips an attribute after the 16 bit reference to attribute_name has already
@@ -591,11 +614,21 @@ static void skipattribute()
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void skipattributebody()
+static bool skipattributebody(classbuffer *cb)
 {
        u4 len;
-       len = suck_u4();
-       skip_nbytes(len);
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4))
+               return false;
+
+       len = suck_u4(cb);
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, len))
+               return false;
+
+       skip_nbytes(cb, len);
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 
@@ -605,17 +638,31 @@ static void skipattributebody()
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void skipattributes(u4 num)
+static bool skipattributes(classbuffer *cb, u4 num)
 {
        u4 i;
-       for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
-               skipattribute();
+       u4 len;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 4))
+                       return false;
+
+               suck_u2(cb);
+               len = suck_u4(cb);
+
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, len))
+                       return false;
+
+               skip_nbytes(cb, len);
+       }
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 
 /******************** function: innerclass_getconstant ************************
 
-    like class_getconstant, but if cptags is ZERO null is returned                                      
+    like class_getconstant, but if cptags is ZERO null is returned
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
@@ -645,49 +692,72 @@ voidptr innerclass_getconstant(classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void attribute_load(u4 num, classinfo *c)
+static bool attribute_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, u4 num)
 {
        u4 i, j;
 
        for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+               utf *aname;
+
                /* retrieve attribute name */
-               utf *aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                       return false;
+
+               aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
                if (aname == utf_innerclasses) {
                        /* innerclasses attribute */
-
                        if (c->innerclass != NULL)
                                panic("Class has more than one InnerClasses attribute");
                                
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
                        /* skip attribute length */                                             
-                       suck_u4(); 
+                       suck_u4(cb);
+
                        /* number of records */
-                       c->innerclasscount = suck_u2();
+                       c->innerclasscount = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, (2 + 2 + 2 + 2) * c->innerclasscount))
+                               return false;
+
                        /* allocate memory for innerclass structure */
                        c->innerclass = MNEW(innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
 
                        for (j = 0; j < c->innerclasscount; j++) {
-                               /*  The innerclass structure contains a class with an encoded name, 
-                                   its defining scope, its simple name  and a bitmask of the access flags. 
-                                   If an inner class is not a member, its outer_class is NULL, 
-                                   if a class is anonymous, its name is NULL.                              */
+                               /* The innerclass structure contains a class with an encoded
+                                  name, its defining scope, its simple name  and a bitmask of
+                                  the access flags. If an inner class is not a member, its
+                                  outer_class is NULL, if a class is anonymous, its name is
+                                  NULL. */
                                                                
                                innerclassinfo *info = c->innerclass + j;
 
-                               info->inner_class = innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Class); /* CONSTANT_Class_info index */
-                               info->outer_class = innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Class); /* CONSTANT_Class_info index */
-                               info->name  = innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);        /* CONSTANT_Utf8_info index  */
-                               info->flags = suck_u2();                                                  /* access_flags bitmask      */
+                               info->inner_class =
+                                       innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class);
+                               info->outer_class =
+                                       innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class);
+                               info->name =
+                                       innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+                               info->flags = suck_u2(cb);
                        }
-               } else if (aname==utf_sourcefile) {
-                       suck_u4();
-                       /*log_text("source file attribute found");*/
-                       c->sourcefile = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+
+               } else if (aname == utf_sourcefile) {
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       suck_u4(cb);
+                       c->sourcefile = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+
                } else {
                        /* unknown attribute */
-                       skipattributebody();
+                       if (!skipattributebody(cb))
+                               return false;
                }
        }
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 
@@ -750,14 +820,18 @@ static void checkfielddescriptor (char *utf_ptr, char *end_pos)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static int checkmethoddescriptor (utf *d)
+static int checkmethoddescriptor(classinfo *c, utf *descriptor)
 {
-       char *utf_ptr = d->text;     /* current position in utf text   */
-       char *end_pos = utf_end(d);  /* points behind utf string       */
-       int argcount = 0;            /* number of arguments            */
+       char *utf_ptr;                      /* current position in utf text       */
+       char *end_pos;                      /* points behind utf string           */
+       s4 argcount = 0;                    /* number of arguments                */
+
+       utf_ptr = descriptor->text;
+       end_pos = utf_end(descriptor);
 
        /* method descriptor must start with parenthesis */
-       if (utf_ptr == end_pos || *utf_ptr++ != '(') panic ("Missing '(' in method descriptor");
+       if (utf_ptr == end_pos || *utf_ptr++ != '(')
+               panic ("Missing '(' in method descriptor");
 
     /* check arguments */
     while (utf_ptr != end_pos && *utf_ptr != ')') {
@@ -773,16 +847,24 @@ static int checkmethoddescriptor (utf *d)
                                                          | CLASSLOAD_NOVOID);
        }
 
-       if (utf_ptr == end_pos) panic("Missing ')' in method descriptor");
+       if (utf_ptr == end_pos)
+               panic("Missing ')' in method descriptor");
+
     utf_ptr++; /* skip ')' */
 
-       class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr,end_pos,NULL,
-                                                 CLASSLOAD_NEW
-                                                 | CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE
-                                                 | CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND);
+       class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr,
+                                                 end_pos,
+                                                 NULL,
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_NEW |
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE |
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND);
+
+       if (argcount > 255) {
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_classformaterror(c, "Too many arguments in signature");
 
-       if (argcount > 255)
-               panic("Invalid method descriptor: too many arguments");
+               return 0;
+       }
 
        return argcount;
 
@@ -869,25 +951,28 @@ void print_arraydescriptor(FILE *file, arraydescriptor *desc)
 /******************************************************************************/
 
 
-/************************ Function: field_load *********************************
+/* field_load ******************************************************************
 
-       Load everything about a class field from the class file and fill a
-       'fieldinfo' structure. For static fields, space in the data segment is
-       allocated.
+   Load everything about a class field from the class file and fill a
+   'fieldinfo' structure. For static fields, space in the data segment is
+   allocated.
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
 #define field_load_NOVALUE  0xffffffff /* must be bigger than any u2 value! */
 
-static void field_load(fieldinfo *f, classinfo *c)
+static bool field_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, fieldinfo *f)
 {
        u4 attrnum,i;
        u4 jtype;
-       u4 pindex = field_load_NOVALUE;                               /* constantvalue_index */
+       u4 pindex = field_load_NOVALUE;     /* constantvalue_index */
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2 + 2))
+               return false;
 
-       f->flags = suck_u2();                                           /* ACC flags         */
-       f->name = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);       /* name of field     */
-       f->descriptor = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8); /* JavaVM descriptor */
+       f->flags = suck_u2(cb);
+       f->name = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+       f->descriptor = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
        
        if (opt_verify) {
                /* check name */
@@ -896,32 +981,36 @@ static void field_load(fieldinfo *f, classinfo *c)
                
                /* check flag consistency */
                i = (f->flags & (ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_PROTECTED));
+
                if (i != 0 && i != ACC_PUBLIC && i != ACC_PRIVATE && i != ACC_PROTECTED)
                        panic("Field has invalid access flags");
+
                if ((f->flags & (ACC_FINAL | ACC_VOLATILE)) == (ACC_FINAL | ACC_VOLATILE))
                        panic("Field is declared final and volatile");
+
                if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0) {
                        if ((f->flags & (ACC_STATIC | ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL))
                                != (ACC_STATIC | ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL))
                                panic("Interface field is not declared static final public");
+
                        if ((f->flags & ACC_TRANSIENT) != 0)
                                panic("Interface field declared transient");
                }
 
                /* check descriptor */
-               checkfielddescriptor(f->descriptor->text,utf_end(f->descriptor));
+               checkfielddescriptor(f->descriptor->text, utf_end(f->descriptor));
        }
                
-       f->type = jtype = desc_to_type(f->descriptor);                      /* data type         */
-       f->offset = 0;                                                            /* offset from start of object */
+       f->type = jtype = desc_to_type(f->descriptor);    /* data type            */
+       f->offset = 0;                             /* offset from start of object */
        f->class = c;
        f->xta = NULL;
        
        switch (f->type) {
-       case TYPE_INT:        f->value.i = 0; break;
-       case TYPE_FLOAT:      f->value.f = 0.0; break;
-       case TYPE_DOUBLE:     f->value.d = 0.0; break;
-       case TYPE_ADDRESS:    f->value.a = NULL; break;
+       case TYPE_INT:     f->value.i = 0; break;
+       case TYPE_FLOAT:   f->value.f = 0.0; break;
+       case TYPE_DOUBLE:  f->value.d = 0.0; break;
+       case TYPE_ADDRESS: f->value.a = NULL; break;
        case TYPE_LONG:
 #if U8_AVAILABLE
                f->value.l = 0; break;
@@ -931,28 +1020,37 @@ static void field_load(fieldinfo *f, classinfo *c)
        }
 
        /* read attributes */
-       attrnum = suck_u2();
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return false;
+
+       attrnum = suck_u2(cb);
        for (i = 0; i < attrnum; i++) {
                utf *aname;
 
-               aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                       return false;
+
+               aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
                
                if (aname != utf_constantvalue) {
                        /* unknown attribute */
-                       skipattributebody();
+                       if (!skipattributebody(cb))
+                               return false;
 
                } else {
                        /* constant value attribute */
-
                        if (pindex != field_load_NOVALUE)
                                panic("Field has more than one ConstantValue attribute");
                        
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
                        /* check attribute length */
-                       if (suck_u4() != 2)
+                       if (suck_u4(cb) != 2)
                                panic("ConstantValue attribute has invalid length");
                        
                        /* index of value in constantpool */            
-                       pindex = suck_u2();
+                       pindex = suck_u2(cb);
                
                        /* initialize field with value from constantpool */             
                        switch (jtype) {
@@ -996,12 +1094,16 @@ static void field_load(fieldinfo *f, classinfo *c)
                        }
                }
        }
+
+       /* everything was ok */
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 
 /********************** function: field_free **********************************/
 
-static void field_free (fieldinfo *f)
+static void field_free(fieldinfo *f)
 {
        /* empty */
 }
@@ -1022,67 +1124,91 @@ void field_display(fieldinfo *f)
 
 
 /******************************************************************************/
-/************************* Functions for methods ******************************/ 
+/************************* Functions for methods ******************************/
 /******************************************************************************/
 
 
-/*********************** Function: method_load *********************************
+/* method_load *****************************************************************
 
-       Loads a method from the class file and fills an existing 'methodinfo'
-       structure. For native methods, the function pointer field is set to the
-       real function pointer, for JavaVM methods a pointer to the compiler is used
-       preliminarily.
+   Loads a method from the class file and fills an existing 'methodinfo'
+   structure. For native methods, the function pointer field is set to the
+   real function pointer, for JavaVM methods a pointer to the compiler is used
+   preliminarily.
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void method_load(methodinfo *m, classinfo *c)
+static bool method_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, methodinfo *m)
 {
-       u4 attrnum, i, e;
-       int argcount;
-       
+       s4 argcount;
+       s4 i, j;
+       u4 attrnum;
+       u4 codeattrnum;
+
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       initObjectLock(&m->header);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_all_methods++;
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_all_methods++;
 #endif
-       m->thrownexceptionscount=0;
-       m->linenumbercount=0;
-       m->linenumbers=0;
+
+       m->thrownexceptionscount = 0;
+       m->linenumbercount = 0;
+       m->linenumbers = 0;
        m->class = c;
+       m->nativelyoverloaded = false;
        
-       m->flags = suck_u2();
-       m->name = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2 + 2))
+               return false;
+
+       m->flags = suck_u2(cb);
+       m->name = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+       m->descriptor = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
        if (opt_verify) {
                if (!is_valid_name_utf(m->name))
                        panic("Method with invalid name");
+
                if (m->name->text[0] == '<'
                        && m->name != utf_init && m->name != utf_clinit)
                        panic("Method with invalid special name");
        }
        
-       m->descriptor = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
-       argcount = checkmethoddescriptor(m->descriptor);
-       if ((m->flags & ACC_STATIC) == 0)
+       argcount = checkmethoddescriptor(c, m->descriptor);
+
+       if (!(m->flags & ACC_STATIC))
                argcount++; /* count the 'this' argument */
 
        if (opt_verify) {
                if (argcount > 255)
-                       panic("Method has more than 255 arguments");
+                       panic("Too many arguments in signature");
 
                /* check flag consistency */
                if (m->name != utf_clinit) {
                        i = (m->flags & (ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_PROTECTED));
+
                        if (i != 0 && i != ACC_PUBLIC && i != ACC_PRIVATE && i != ACC_PROTECTED)
                                panic("Method has invalid access flags");
+
                        if ((m->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) != 0) {
-                               if ((m->flags & (ACC_FINAL | ACC_NATIVE | ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_STATIC
-                                                                | ACC_STRICT | ACC_SYNCHRONIZED)) != 0)
-                                       panic("Abstract method has invalid flags set");
+                               if ((m->flags & (ACC_FINAL | ACC_NATIVE | ACC_PRIVATE |
+                                                                ACC_STATIC | ACC_STRICT | ACC_SYNCHRONIZED))) {
+                                       *exceptionptr =
+                                               new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                        "Illegal method modifiers: 0x%x",
+                                                                                        m->flags);
+
+                                       return false;
+                               }
                        }
+
                        if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0) {
                                if ((m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_PUBLIC))
                                        != (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_PUBLIC))
                                        panic("Interface method is not declared abstract and public");
                        }
+
                        if (m->name == utf_init) {
                                if ((m->flags & (ACC_STATIC | ACC_FINAL | ACC_SYNCHRONIZED
                                                                 | ACC_NATIVE | ACC_ABSTRACT)) != 0)
@@ -1092,10 +1218,18 @@ static void method_load(methodinfo *m, classinfo *c)
        }
                
        m->jcode = NULL;
+       m->basicblockcount = 0;
+       m->basicblocks = NULL;
+       m->basicblockindex = NULL;
+       m->instructioncount = 0;
+       m->instructions = NULL;
+       m->stackcount = 0;
+       m->stack = NULL;
        m->exceptiontable = NULL;
-       m->entrypoint = NULL;
-       m->mcode = NULL;
+       m->registerdata = NULL;
        m->stubroutine = NULL;
+       m->mcode = NULL;
+       m->entrypoint = NULL;
        m->methodUsed = NOTUSED;    
        m->monoPoly = MONO;    
        m->subRedefs = 0;
@@ -1114,101 +1248,187 @@ static void method_load(methodinfo *m, classinfo *c)
                }
        }
        
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return false;
        
-       attrnum = suck_u2();
+       attrnum = suck_u2(cb);
        for (i = 0; i < attrnum; i++) {
                utf *aname;
 
-               aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                       return false;
+
+               aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
                if (aname != utf_code) {
                        if (aname == utf_exceptions) {
-                               u2 exceptionCount;
-                               u2 exceptionID;
-                               suck_u4(); /*length*/
-                               exceptionCount=suck_u2();
-                               m->thrownexceptionscount=exceptionCount;
-                               m->thrownexceptions=MNEW(classinfo*,exceptionCount);
-                               for (exceptionID=0;exceptionID<exceptionCount;exceptionID++) {
-                                       (m->thrownexceptions)[exceptionID]=class_getconstant(c,suck_u2(),CONSTANT_Class);
+                               s4 j;
+                               
+                               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                                       return false;
+
+                               suck_u4(cb); /*length*/
+                               m->thrownexceptionscount = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 * m->thrownexceptionscount))
+                                       return false;
+
+                               m->thrownexceptions = MNEW(classinfo*, m->thrownexceptionscount);
+
+                               for (j = 0; j < m->thrownexceptionscount; j++) {
+                                       (m->thrownexceptions)[j] =
+                                               class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class);
                                }
+                               
+                       } else {
+                               if (!skipattributebody(cb))
+                                       return false;
                        }
-                       else
-                       skipattributebody();
 
                } else {
-                       u4 codelen;
-                       if ((m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_NATIVE)) != 0)
-                               panic("Code attribute for native or abstract method");
+                       if (m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_NATIVE)) {
+                                       *exceptionptr =
+                                               new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                        "Code attribute in native or abstract methods");
+
+                                       return false;
+                       }
                        
-                       if (m->jcode)
-                               panic("Method has more than one Code attribute");
-
-                       suck_u4();
-                       m->maxstack = suck_u2();
-                       m->maxlocals = suck_u2();
-                       if (m->maxlocals < argcount)
-                               panic("max_locals is smaller than the number of arguments");
+                       if (m->jcode) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Multiple Code attributes");
+
+                               return false;
+                       }
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       suck_u4(cb);
+                       m->maxstack = suck_u2(cb);
+                       m->maxlocals = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       if (m->maxlocals < argcount) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Arguments can't fit into locals");
+
+                               return false;
+                       }
+                       
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4))
+                               return false;
+
+                       m->jcodelength = suck_u4(cb);
+
+                       if (m->jcodelength == 0) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Code of a method has length 0");
+
+                               return false;
+                       }
                        
-                       codelen = suck_u4();
-                       if (codelen == 0)
-                               panic("bytecode has zero length");
-                       if (codelen > 65536)
-                               panic("bytecode too long");
-                       m->jcodelength = codelen;
+                       if (m->jcodelength > 65535) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                "Code of a method longer than 65535 bytes");
+
+                               return false;
+                       }
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, m->jcodelength))
+                               return false;
+
                        m->jcode = MNEW(u1, m->jcodelength);
-                       suck_nbytes(m->jcode, m->jcodelength);
-                       m->exceptiontablelength = suck_u2();
-                       m->exceptiontable = 
-                               MNEW(exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
+                       suck_nbytes(m->jcode, cb, m->jcodelength);
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-                       count_vmcode_len += m->jcodelength + 18;
-                       count_extable_len += 8 * m->exceptiontablelength;
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       m->exceptiontablelength = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, (2 + 2 + 2 + 2) * m->exceptiontablelength))
+                               return false;
+
+                       m->exceptiontable = MNEW(exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
+
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat) {
+                               count_vmcode_len += m->jcodelength + 18;
+                               count_extable_len += 8 * m->exceptiontablelength;
+                       }
 #endif
 
-                       for (e = 0; e < m->exceptiontablelength; e++) {
+                       for (j = 0; j < m->exceptiontablelength; j++) {
                                u4 idx;
-                               m->exceptiontable[e].startpc = suck_u2();
-                               m->exceptiontable[e].endpc = suck_u2();
-                               m->exceptiontable[e].handlerpc = suck_u2();
+                               m->exceptiontable[j].startpc = suck_u2(cb);
+                               m->exceptiontable[j].endpc = suck_u2(cb);
+                               m->exceptiontable[j].handlerpc = suck_u2(cb);
 
-                               idx = suck_u2();
+                               idx = suck_u2(cb);
                                if (!idx) {
-                                       m->exceptiontable[e].catchtype = NULL;
+                                       m->exceptiontable[j].catchtype = NULL;
 
                                } else {
-                                       m->exceptiontable[e].catchtype = 
-                                     class_getconstant(c, idx, CONSTANT_Class);
+                                       m->exceptiontable[j].catchtype =
+                                               class_getconstant(c, idx, CONSTANT_Class);
                                }
-                       }                       
-                       {
-                               u2 codeattrnum;
-                               for (codeattrnum=suck_u2();codeattrnum>0;codeattrnum--) {
-                                       utf * caname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
-                                       if (caname==utf_linenumbertable) {
-                                               u2 lncid;
-                                               /*log_text("LineNumberTable found");*/
-                                               suck_u4();
-                                               m->linenumbercount=suck_u2();
-                                               /*printf("length:%d\n",m->linenumbercount);*/
-                                               m->linenumbers=MNEW(lineinfo,m->linenumbercount);
-                                               for (lncid=0;lncid<m->linenumbercount;lncid++) {
-                                                       m->linenumbers[lncid].start_pc=suck_u2();
-                                                       m->linenumbers[lncid].line_number=suck_u2();
-                                               }
-                                               codeattrnum--;
-                                               skipattributes(codeattrnum);
-                                               break;
-                                       } else skipattributebody();
+                       }
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       codeattrnum = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       for (; codeattrnum > 0; codeattrnum--) {
+                               utf *caname;
+
+                               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                                       return false;
+
+                               caname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+
+                               if (caname == utf_linenumbertable) {
+                                       u2 lncid;
+
+                                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                                               return false;
+
+                                       suck_u4(cb);
+                                       m->linenumbercount = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb,
+                                                                                               (2 + 2) * m->linenumbercount))
+                                               return false;
+
+                                       m->linenumbers = MNEW(lineinfo, m->linenumbercount);
+                                       
+                                       for (lncid = 0; lncid < m->linenumbercount; lncid++) {
+                                               m->linenumbers[lncid].start_pc = suck_u2(cb);
+                                               m->linenumbers[lncid].line_number = suck_u2(cb);
+                                       }
+                                       codeattrnum--;
+
+                                       if (!skipattributes(cb, codeattrnum))
+                                               return false;
                                        
-                               }                               
+                                       break;
+                               } else {
+                                       if (!skipattributebody(cb))
+                                               return false;
+                               }
                        }
                }
        }
 
-       if (!m->jcode && (m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_NATIVE)) == 0)
-               panic("Method missing Code attribute");
+       if (!m->jcode && !(m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_NATIVE))) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Missing Code attribute");
+
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       /* everything was ok */
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 
@@ -1272,7 +1492,7 @@ void method_display_flags_last(methodinfo *m)
        Check if m and old are identical with respect to type and name. This means
        that old can be overwritten with m.
        
-*******************************************************************************/  
+*******************************************************************************/
 
 static bool method_canoverwrite(methodinfo *m, methodinfo *old)
 {
@@ -1283,14 +1503,12 @@ static bool method_canoverwrite(methodinfo *m, methodinfo *old)
 }
 
 
-
-
 /******************************************************************************/
 /************************ Functions for class *********************************/
 /******************************************************************************/
 
 
-/******************** function:: class_getconstant ******************************
+/******************** function:: class_getconstant *****************************
 
        retrieves the value at position 'pos' of the constantpool of a class
        if the type of the value is other than 'ctype' the system is stopped
@@ -1340,7 +1558,7 @@ u4 class_constanttype(classinfo *c, u4 pos)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_loadcpool(classinfo *c)
+static bool class_loadcpool(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c)
 {
 
        /* The following structures are used to save information which cannot be 
@@ -1388,18 +1606,26 @@ static void class_loadcpool(classinfo *c)
        forward_nameandtype *forward_nameandtypes = NULL;
        forward_fieldmethint *forward_fieldmethints = NULL;
 
+       u4 cpcount;
+       u1 *cptags;
+       voidptr *cpinfos;
+
        /* number of entries in the constant_pool table plus one */
-       u4 cpcount       = c->cpcount = suck_u2();
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return false;
+
+       cpcount = c->cpcount = suck_u2(cb);
 
        /* allocate memory */
-       u1 *cptags       = c->cptags  = MNEW(u1, cpcount);
-       voidptr *cpinfos = c->cpinfos = MNEW(voidptr, cpcount);
+       cptags  = c->cptags  = MNEW(u1, cpcount);
+       cpinfos = c->cpinfos = MNEW(voidptr, cpcount);
 
        if (!cpcount)
                panic("Invalid constant_pool_count (0)");
        
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += (sizeof(voidptr) + 1) * cpcount;
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_const_pool_len += (sizeof(voidptr) + 1) * cpcount;
 #endif
        
        /* initialize constantpool */
@@ -1415,209 +1641,268 @@ static void class_loadcpool(classinfo *c)
                   
        idx = 1;
        while (idx < cpcount) {
+               u4 t;
+
                /* get constant type */
-               u4 t = suck_u1();
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 1))
+                       return false;
+
+               t = suck_u1(cb);
 
                switch (t) {
-                       case CONSTANT_Class: { 
-                               forward_class *nfc = DNEW(forward_class);
+               case CONSTANT_Class: { 
+                       forward_class *nfc = DNEW(forward_class);
 
-                               nfc -> next = forward_classes;                                                                                  
-                               forward_classes = nfc;
+                       nfc->next = forward_classes;
+                       forward_classes = nfc;
 
-                               nfc -> thisindex = idx;
-                               /* reference to CONSTANT_NameAndType */
-                               nfc -> name_index = suck_u2 (); 
+                       nfc->thisindex = idx;
+                       /* reference to CONSTANT_NameAndType */
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
 
-                               idx++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       nfc->name_index = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
                        
-                       case CONSTANT_Fieldref:
-                       case CONSTANT_Methodref:
-                       case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: { 
-                               forward_fieldmethint *nff = DNEW (forward_fieldmethint);
+               case CONSTANT_Fieldref:
+               case CONSTANT_Methodref:
+               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: { 
+                       forward_fieldmethint *nff = DNEW(forward_fieldmethint);
                                
-                               nff -> next = forward_fieldmethints;
-                               forward_fieldmethints = nff;
-
-                               nff -> thisindex = idx;
-                               /* constant type */
-                               nff -> tag = t;
-                               /* class or interface type that contains the declaration of the field or method */
-                               nff -> class_index = suck_u2 (); 
-                               /* name and descriptor of the field or method */
-                               nff -> nameandtype_index = suck_u2 ();
-
-                               idx ++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       nff->next = forward_fieldmethints;
+                       forward_fieldmethints = nff;
+
+                       nff->thisindex = idx;
+                       /* constant type */
+                       nff->tag = t;
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       /* class or interface type that contains the declaration of the
+                          field or method */
+                       nff->class_index = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       /* name and descriptor of the field or method */
+                       nff->nameandtype_index = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
                                
-                       case CONSTANT_String: {
-                               forward_string *nfs = DNEW(forward_string);
+               case CONSTANT_String: {
+                       forward_string *nfs = DNEW(forward_string);
                                
-                               nfs->next = forward_strings;
-                               forward_strings = nfs;
+                       nfs->next = forward_strings;
+                       forward_strings = nfs;
                                
-                               nfs->thisindex = idx;
-                               /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info with string characters */
-                               nfs->string_index = suck_u2();
+                       nfs->thisindex = idx;
+
+                       /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info with string characters */
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       nfs->string_index = suck_u2(cb);
                                
-                               idx ++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
 
-                       case CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
-                               forward_nameandtype *nfn = DNEW (forward_nameandtype);
+               case CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
+                       forward_nameandtype *nfn = DNEW(forward_nameandtype);
                                
-                               nfn -> next = forward_nameandtypes;
-                               forward_nameandtypes = nfn;
+                       nfn->next = forward_nameandtypes;
+                       forward_nameandtypes = nfn;
                                
-                               nfn -> thisindex = idx;
-                               /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info containing simple name */
-                               nfn -> name_index = suck_u2 ();
-                               /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info containing field or method descriptor */
-                               nfn -> sig_index = suck_u2 ();
+                       nfn->thisindex = idx;
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info containing simple name */
+                       nfn->name_index = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info containing field or method
+                          descriptor */
+                       nfn->sig_index = suck_u2(cb);
                                
-                               idx ++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
 
-                       case CONSTANT_Integer: {
-                               constant_integer *ci = NEW (constant_integer);
+               case CONSTANT_Integer: {
+                       constant_integer *ci = NEW(constant_integer);
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_integer);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat)
+                               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_integer);
 #endif
 
-                               ci -> value = suck_s4 ();
-                               cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Integer;
-                               cpinfos [idx] = ci;
-                               idx ++;
-                               
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4))
+                               return false;
+
+                       ci->value = suck_s4(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Integer;
+                       cpinfos[idx] = ci;
+
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
                                
-                       case CONSTANT_Float: {
-                               constant_float *cf = NEW (constant_float);
+               case CONSTANT_Float: {
+                       constant_float *cf = NEW(constant_float);
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_float);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat)
+                               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_float);
 #endif
 
-                               cf -> value = suck_float ();
-                               cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Float;
-                               cpinfos[idx] = cf;
-                               idx ++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4))
+                               return false;
+
+                       cf->value = suck_float(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Float;
+                       cpinfos[idx] = cf;
+
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
                                
-                       case CONSTANT_Long: {
-                               constant_long *cl = NEW(constant_long);
+               case CONSTANT_Long: {
+                       constant_long *cl = NEW(constant_long);
                                        
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_long);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat)
+                               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_long);
 #endif
 
-                               cl -> value = suck_s8 ();
-                               cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Long;
-                               cpinfos [idx] = cl;
-                               idx += 2;
-                               if (idx > cpcount)
-                                       panic("Long constant exceeds constant pool");
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 8))
+                               return false;
+
+                       cl->value = suck_s8(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Long;
+                       cpinfos[idx] = cl;
+                       idx += 2;
+                       if (idx > cpcount)
+                               panic("Long constant exceeds constant pool");
+                       break;
+               }
                        
-                       case CONSTANT_Double: {
-                               constant_double *cd = NEW(constant_double);
+               case CONSTANT_Double: {
+                       constant_double *cd = NEW(constant_double);
                                
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_double);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat)
+                               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_double);
 #endif
 
-                               cd -> value = suck_double ();
-                               cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Double;
-                               cpinfos [idx] = cd;
-                               idx += 2;
-                               if (idx > cpcount)
-                                       panic("Double constant exceeds constant pool");
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 8))
+                               return false;
+
+                       cd->value = suck_double(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Double;
+                       cpinfos[idx] = cd;
+                       idx += 2;
+                       if (idx > cpcount)
+                               panic("Double constant exceeds constant pool");
+                       break;
+               }
                                
-                       case CONSTANT_Utf8: { 
-
-                               /* number of bytes in the bytes array (not string-length) */
-                               u4 length = suck_u2();
-                               cptags [idx]  = CONSTANT_Utf8;
-                               /* validate the string */
-                               ASSERT_LEFT(length);
-                               if (opt_verify &&
-                                       !is_valid_utf(classbuf_pos+1, classbuf_pos+1+length))
-                               {
-                                       dolog("Invalid UTF-8 string (constant pool index %d)",idx);
-                                       panic("Invalid UTF-8 string");
-                               }
-                               /* insert utf-string into the utf-symboltable */
-                               cpinfos [idx] = utf_new(classbuf_pos+1, length);
-                               /* skip bytes of the string */
-                               skip_nbytes(length);
-                               idx++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+               case CONSTANT_Utf8: { 
+                       u4 length;
+
+                       /* number of bytes in the bytes array (not string-length) */
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       length = suck_u2(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Utf8;
+
+                       /* validate the string */
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, length))
+                               return false;
+
+                       if (opt_verify &&
+                               !is_valid_utf(cb->pos + 1, cb->pos + 1 + length)) {
+                               dolog("Invalid UTF-8 string (constant pool index %d)",idx);
+                               panic("Invalid UTF-8 string");
+                       }
+                       /* insert utf-string into the utf-symboltable */
+                       cpinfos[idx] = utf_new_intern(cb->pos + 1, length);
+
+                       /* skip bytes of the string (buffer size check above) */
+                       skip_nbytes(cb, length);
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
                                                                                
-                       default:
-                               error ("Unkown constant type: %d",(int) t);
-               
-                       }  /* end switch */
-                       
-               } /* end while */
-               
+               default:
+                       error("Unkown constant type: %d",(int) t);
+               }  /* end switch */
+       } /* end while */
 
 
-          /* resolve entries in temporary structures */
+       /* resolve entries in temporary structures */
 
        while (forward_classes) {
                utf *name =
-                 class_getconstant (c, forward_classes -> name_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
+                       class_getconstant(c, forward_classes->name_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
                if (opt_verify && !is_valid_name_utf(name))
                        panic("Class reference with invalid name");
 
-               cptags  [forward_classes -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_Class;
+               cptags[forward_classes->thisindex] = CONSTANT_Class;
                /* retrieve class from class-table */
-               cpinfos [forward_classes -> thisindex] = class_new (name);
+               if (opt_eager) {
+                       classinfo *tc;
+                       tc = class_new_intern(name);
 
-               forward_classes = forward_classes -> next;
-               
+                       if (!class_load(tc))
+                               return false;
+
+                       /* link the class later, so we cannot link the currently loaded
+                          class */
+                       list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, tc);
+
+                       cpinfos[forward_classes->thisindex] = tc;
+
+               } else {
+                       cpinfos[forward_classes->thisindex] = class_new(name);
                }
 
+               forward_classes = forward_classes->next;
+       }
+
        while (forward_strings) {
-               utf *text = 
-                 class_getconstant (c, forward_strings -> string_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
-/*
-               log_text("forward_string:");
-               printf( "classpoolid: %d\n",forward_strings -> thisindex);
-               utf_display(text);
-               log_text("\n------------------"); */
+               utf *text =
+                       class_getconstant(c, forward_strings->string_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
+
                /* resolve utf-string */                
-               cptags   [forward_strings -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_String;
-               cpinfos  [forward_strings -> thisindex] = text;
+               cptags[forward_strings->thisindex] = CONSTANT_String;
+               cpinfos[forward_strings->thisindex] = text;
                
-               forward_strings = forward_strings -> next;
-               }       
+               forward_strings = forward_strings->next;
+       }
 
        while (forward_nameandtypes) {
-               constant_nameandtype *cn = NEW (constant_nameandtype);  
+               constant_nameandtype *cn = NEW(constant_nameandtype);   
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_nameandtype);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+               if (opt_stat)
+                       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_nameandtype);
 #endif
 
                /* resolve simple name and descriptor */
-               cn -> name = class_getconstant 
-                  (c, forward_nameandtypes -> name_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
-               cn -> descriptor = class_getconstant
-                  (c, forward_nameandtypes -> sig_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
+               cn->name = class_getconstant(c,
+                                                                        forward_nameandtypes->name_index,
+                                                                        CONSTANT_Utf8);
+
+               cn->descriptor = class_getconstant(c,
+                                                                                  forward_nameandtypes->sig_index,
+                                                                                  CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
                if (opt_verify) {
                        /* check name */
@@ -1628,64 +1913,53 @@ static void class_loadcpool(classinfo *c)
                                panic("NameAndType with invalid special name");
                }
 
-               cptags   [forward_nameandtypes -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_NameAndType;
-               cpinfos  [forward_nameandtypes -> thisindex] = cn;
+               cptags[forward_nameandtypes->thisindex] = CONSTANT_NameAndType;
+               cpinfos[forward_nameandtypes->thisindex] = cn;
                
-               forward_nameandtypes = forward_nameandtypes -> next;
-               }
-
+               forward_nameandtypes = forward_nameandtypes->next;
+       }
 
-       while (forward_fieldmethints)  {
+       while (forward_fieldmethints) {
                constant_nameandtype *nat;
-               constant_FMIref *fmi = NEW (constant_FMIref);
+               constant_FMIref *fmi = NEW(constant_FMIref);
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_FMIref);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+               if (opt_stat)
+                       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_FMIref);
 #endif
                /* resolve simple name and descriptor */
-               nat = class_getconstant
-                       (c, forward_fieldmethints -> nameandtype_index, CONSTANT_NameAndType);
-
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG
-               log_text("trying to resolve:");
-               log_text(nat->name->text);
-               switch(forward_fieldmethints ->tag) {
-               case CONSTANT_Fieldref: 
-                               log_text("CONSTANT_Fieldref");
-                               break;
-               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: 
-                               log_text("CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref");
-                               break;
-               case CONSTANT_Methodref: 
-                               log_text("CONSTANT_Methodref");
-                               break;
-               }
-#endif
-               fmi -> class = class_getconstant 
-                       (c, forward_fieldmethints -> class_index, CONSTANT_Class);
-               fmi -> name = nat -> name;
-               fmi -> descriptor = nat -> descriptor;
-
-               cptags [forward_fieldmethints -> thisindex] = forward_fieldmethints -> tag;
-               cpinfos [forward_fieldmethints -> thisindex] = fmi;
+               nat = class_getconstant(c,
+                                                               forward_fieldmethints->nameandtype_index,
+                                                               CONSTANT_NameAndType);
+
+               fmi->class = class_getconstant(c,
+                                                                          forward_fieldmethints->class_index,
+                                                                          CONSTANT_Class);
+               fmi->name = nat->name;
+               fmi->descriptor = nat->descriptor;
+
+               cptags[forward_fieldmethints->thisindex] = forward_fieldmethints->tag;
+               cpinfos[forward_fieldmethints->thisindex] = fmi;
        
-               switch (forward_fieldmethints -> tag) {
+               switch (forward_fieldmethints->tag) {
                case CONSTANT_Fieldref:  /* check validity of descriptor */
-                                        checkfielddescriptor (fmi->descriptor->text,utf_end(fmi->descriptor));
-                                        break;
-               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: 
+                       checkfielddescriptor(fmi->descriptor->text,
+                                                                utf_end(fmi->descriptor));
+                       break;
+               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
                case CONSTANT_Methodref: /* check validity of descriptor */
-                                        checkmethoddescriptor (fmi->descriptor);
-                                        break;
-               }               
+                       checkmethoddescriptor(c, fmi->descriptor);
+                       break;
+               }
        
-               forward_fieldmethints = forward_fieldmethints -> next;
+               forward_fieldmethints = forward_fieldmethints->next;
+       }
 
-               }
+       dump_release(dumpsize);
 
-/*     class_showconstantpool(c); */
+       /* everything was ok */
 
-       dump_release(dumpsize);
+       return true;
 }
 
 
@@ -1702,45 +1976,128 @@ static void class_loadcpool(classinfo *c)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static int class_load(classinfo *c)
+classinfo *class_load_intern(classbuffer *cb);
+
+classinfo *class_load(classinfo *c)
 {
-       u4 i;
-       u4 mi,ma;
+       classbuffer *cb;
+       classinfo *r;
+       s8 starttime;
+       s8 stoptime;
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_class_loads++;
-#endif
+       /* enter a monitor on the class */
 
-       /* output for debugging purposes */
-       if (loadverbose) {              
-               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
-               sprintf(logtext, "Loading class: ");
-               utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
-               log_text(logtext);
+       builtin_monitorenter((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+       /* maybe the class is already loaded */
+       if (c->loaded) {
+               builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+               return c;
        }
-       
+
+       /* measure time */
+       if (getloadingtime)
+               starttime = getcputime();
+
        /* load classdata, throw exception on error */
 
-       if (!suck_start(c->name)) {
-               *exceptionptr = new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError,
-                                                                                                c->name);
-               return false;
+       if ((cb = suck_start(c)) == NULL) {
+               /* this means, the classpath was not set properly */
+               if (c->name == utf_java_lang_Object)
+                       throw_cacao_exception_exit(string_java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError,
+                                                                          "java/lang/Object");
+
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError,
+                                                                        c->name);
+
+               builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+               return NULL;
        }
        
+       /* call the internal function */
+       r = class_load_intern(cb);
+
+       /* if return value is NULL, we had a problem and the class is not loaded */
+       if (!r) {
+               c->loaded = false;
+
+               /* now free the allocated memory, otherwise we could ran into a DOS */
+               class_remove(c);
+       }
+
+       /* free memory */
+       suck_stop(cb);
+
+       /* measure time */
+       if (getloadingtime) {
+               stoptime = getcputime();
+               loadingtime += (stoptime - starttime);
+       }
+
+       /* leave the monitor */
+
+       builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+       return r;
+}
+
+
+classinfo *class_load_intern(classbuffer *cb)
+{
+       classinfo *c;
+       u4 i;
+       u4 mi, ma;
+/*     s4 classdata_left; */
+       char msg[MAXLOGTEXT];               /* maybe we get an exception */
+
+       /* get the classbuffer's class */
+       c = cb->class;
+
+       /* maybe the class is already loaded */
+       if (c->loaded)
+               return c;
+
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_class_loads++;
+#endif
+
+       /* output for debugging purposes */
+       if (loadverbose)
+               log_message_class("Loading class: ", c);
+       
+       /* class is somewhat loaded */
+       c->loaded = true;
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2 + 2))
+               return NULL;
+
        /* check signature */
-       if (suck_u4() != MAGIC)
-               panic("Can not find class-file signature");
+       if (suck_u4(cb) != MAGIC) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Bad magic number");
+
+               return NULL;
+       }
 
        /* check version */
-       mi = suck_u2();
-       ma = suck_u2();
-#if 0
-       if (ma != MAJOR_VERSION && (ma != MAJOR_VERSION+1 || mi != 0)) {
-               error("File version %d.%d is not supported", (int) ma, (int) mi);
+       mi = suck_u2(cb);
+       ma = suck_u2(cb);
+
+       if (!(ma < MAJOR_VERSION || (ma == MAJOR_VERSION && mi <= MINOR_VERSION))) {
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                "Unsupported major.minor version %d.%d",
+                                                                ma, mi);
+
+               return NULL;
        }
-#endif
 
-       class_loadcpool(c);
+       if (!class_loadcpool(cb, c))
+               return NULL;
+
        /*JOWENN*/
        c->erroneous_state = 0;
        c->initializing_thread = 0;     
@@ -1749,86 +2106,131 @@ static int class_load(classinfo *c)
        c->impldBy = NULL;
 
        /* ACC flags */
-       c->flags = suck_u2(); 
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
+
+       c->flags = suck_u2(cb);
        /*if (!(c->flags & ACC_PUBLIC)) { log_text("CLASS NOT PUBLIC"); } JOWENN*/
 
        /* check ACC flags consistency */
-       if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0) {
-               if ((c->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) == 0) {
+       if (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) {
+               if (!(c->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT)) {
                        /* We work around this because interfaces in JDK 1.1 are
                         * not declared abstract. */
 
                        c->flags |= ACC_ABSTRACT;
                        /* panic("Interface class not declared abstract"); */
                }
-               if ((c->flags & (ACC_FINAL)) != 0)
-                       panic("Interface class has invalid flags");
-               if ((c->flags & (ACC_SUPER)) != 0)
+
+               if (c->flags & ACC_FINAL) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                        "Illegal class modifiers: 0x%x", c->flags);
+
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               if (c->flags & ACC_SUPER) {
                        c->flags &= ~ACC_SUPER; /* kjc seems to set this on interfaces */
+               }
        }
-       if ((c->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL)) == (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL))
-               panic("Class is declared both abstract and final");
+
+       if ((c->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL)) == (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL)) {
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_classformaterror(c, "Illegal class modifiers: 0x%x", c->flags);
+
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2))
+               return NULL;
 
        /* this class */
-       i = suck_u2();
+       i = suck_u2(cb);
        if (class_getconstant(c, i, CONSTANT_Class) != c) {
-/*             char message[MAXLOGTEXT]; */
-/*             utf_sprint(message, c->name); */
-/*             sprintf(message + strlen(message), " (wrong name: "); */
-/*             utf_sprint(message + strlen(message), class_getconstant(c, i, CONSTANT_Class)); */
-/*             sprintf(message + strlen(message), ")"); */
-
-/*             *exceptionptr = new_exception_message("java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError", */
-/*                                                                                       message); */
-/*             return false; */
-               panic("Invalid this_class in class file");
+               utf_sprint(msg, c->name);
+               sprintf(msg + strlen(msg), " (wrong name: ");
+               utf_sprint(msg + strlen(msg),
+                                  ((classinfo *) class_getconstant(c, i, CONSTANT_Class))->name);
+               sprintf(msg + strlen(msg), ")");
+
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_exception_message(string_java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError, msg);
+
+               return NULL;
        }
        
        /* retrieve superclass */
-       if ((i = suck_u2())) {
+       if ((i = suck_u2(cb))) {
                c->super = class_getconstant(c, i, CONSTANT_Class);
 
                /* java.lang.Object may not have a super class. */
-               if (c->name == utf_java_lang_Object)
-                       panic("java.lang.Object with super class");
+               if (c->name == utf_java_lang_Object) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_message(string_java_lang_ClassFormatError,
+                                                                         "java.lang.Object with superclass");
+
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               /* Interfaces must have java.lang.Object as super class. */
+               if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) &&
+                       c->super->name != utf_java_lang_Object) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_message(string_java_lang_ClassFormatError,
+                                                                         "Interfaces must have java.lang.Object as superclass");
 
-               /* Interfaces must have j.l.O as super class. */
-               if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0
-                       && c->super->name != utf_java_lang_Object)
-               {
-                       panic("Interface with super class other than java.lang.Object");
+                       return NULL;
                }
+
        } else {
                c->super = NULL;
 
                /* This is only allowed for java.lang.Object. */
-               if (c->name != utf_java_lang_Object)
-                       panic("Class (not java.lang.Object) without super class");
+               if (c->name != utf_java_lang_Object) {
+                       *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Bad superclass index");
+
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+                       
        }
                         
        /* retrieve interfaces */
-       c->interfacescount = suck_u2();
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
+
+       c->interfacescount = suck_u2(cb);
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 * c->interfacescount))
+               return NULL;
+
        c->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
        for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
-               c->interfaces[i] =
-                       class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Class);
+               c->interfaces[i] = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class);
        }
 
        /* load fields */
-       c->fieldscount = suck_u2();
-/*     utf_display(c->name);
-       printf(" ,Fieldscount: %d\n",c->fieldscount);*/
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
 
+       c->fieldscount = suck_u2(cb);
        c->fields = GCNEW(fieldinfo, c->fieldscount);
+/*     c->fields = MNEW(fieldinfo, c->fieldscount); */
        for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++) {
-               field_load(&(c->fields[i]), c);
+               if (!field_load(cb, c, &(c->fields[i])))
+                       return NULL;
        }
 
        /* load methods */
-       c->methodscount = suck_u2();
-       c->methods = MNEW(methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
+
+       c->methodscount = suck_u2(cb);
+       c->methods = GCNEW(methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+/*     c->methods = MNEW(methodinfo, c->methodscount); */
        for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
-               method_load(&(c->methods[i]), c);
+               if (!method_load(cb, c, &(c->methods[i])))
+                       return NULL;
        }
 
        /* Check if all fields and methods can be uniquely
@@ -1863,84 +2265,99 @@ static int class_load(classinfo *c)
 
                /* Check fields */
                memset(hashtab, 0, sizeof(u2) * (hashlen + len));
+
                for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; ++i) {
                        fieldinfo *fi = c->fields + i;
+
                        /* It's ok if we lose bits here */
-                       index = ((((size_t)fi->name) + ((size_t)fi->descriptor)) >> shift)
-                                 % hashlen;
-                       if ((old = hashtab[index]) != 0) {
+                       index = ((((size_t) fi->name) +
+                                         ((size_t) fi->descriptor)) >> shift) % hashlen;
+
+                       if ((old = hashtab[index])) {
                                old--;
-                               /* dolog("HASHHIT %d --> %d",index,old); */
                                next[i] = old;
                                do {
-                                       /* dolog("HASHCHECK %d",old); */
-                                       if (c->fields[old].name == fi->name
-                                               && c->fields[old].descriptor == fi->descriptor)
-                                       {
-                                               dolog("Duplicate field (%d,%d):",i,old);
-                                               log_utf(fi->name); log_utf(fi->descriptor);
-                                               panic("Fields with same name and descriptor");
+                                       if (c->fields[old].name == fi->name &&
+                                               c->fields[old].descriptor == fi->descriptor) {
+                                               *exceptionptr =
+                                                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                                "Repetitive field name/signature");
+
+                                               return NULL;
                                        }
-                               } while ((old = next[old]) != 0);
+                               } while ((old = next[old]));
                        }
-                       /* else dolog("HASHLUCKY"); */
-                       hashtab[index] = i+1;
+                       hashtab[index] = i + 1;
                }
                
                /* Check methods */
-               memset(hashtab,0,sizeof(u2) * (hashlen + len));
+               memset(hashtab, 0, sizeof(u2) * (hashlen + len));
+
                for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; ++i) {
                        methodinfo *mi = c->methods + i;
+
                        /* It's ok if we lose bits here */
-                       index = ((((size_t)mi->name) + ((size_t)mi->descriptor)) >> shift)
-                                 % hashlen;
-                       if ((old = hashtab[index]) != 0) {
+                       index = ((((size_t) mi->name) +
+                                         ((size_t) mi->descriptor)) >> shift) % hashlen;
+
+                       if ((old = hashtab[index])) {
                                old--;
-                               /* dolog("HASHHIT %d --> %d",index,old); */
                                next[i] = old;
                                do {
-                                       /* dolog("HASHCHECK %d",old); */
-                                       if (c->methods[old].name == mi->name
-                                               && c->methods[old].descriptor == mi->descriptor)
-                                       {
-                                               dolog("Duplicate method (%d,%d):",i,old);
-                                               log_utf(mi->name); log_utf(mi->descriptor);
-                                               panic("Methods with same name and descriptor");
+                                       if (c->methods[old].name == mi->name &&
+                                               c->methods[old].descriptor == mi->descriptor) {
+                                               *exceptionptr =
+                                                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                                "Repetitive method name/signature");
+
+                                               return NULL;
                                        }
-                               } while ((old = next[old]) != 0);
+                               } while ((old = next[old]));
                        }
-                       /* else dolog("HASHLUCKY"); */
-                       hashtab[index] = i+1;
+                       hashtab[index] = i + 1;
                }
                
-               MFREE(hashtab,u2,(hashlen + len));
+               MFREE(hashtab, u2, (hashlen + len));
        }
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(classinfo*) * c->interfacescount;
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(fieldinfo) * c->fieldscount;
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(methodinfo) * c->methodscount;
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat) {
+               count_class_infos += sizeof(classinfo*) * c->interfacescount;
+               count_class_infos += sizeof(fieldinfo) * c->fieldscount;
+               count_class_infos += sizeof(methodinfo) * c->methodscount;
+       }
 #endif
 
        /* load variable-length attribute structures */ 
-       attribute_load(suck_u2(), c);
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
 
-       /* free memory */
-       suck_stop();
+       if (!attribute_load(cb, c, suck_u2(cb)))
+               return NULL;
 
-       /* remove class from list of unloaded classes and 
-          add to list of unlinked classes                */
-       list_remove(&unloadedclasses, c);
-       list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, c);
+#if 0
+       /* XXX TWISTI is this still in the JVM spec? SUN and IBM don't complain about it */
+       
+       /* check if all data has been read */
+       classdata_left = ((cb->data + cb->size) - cb->pos - 1);
 
-       c->loaded = true;
+       if (classdata_left > 0) {
+               /* surplus */           
+               dolog("There are %d extra bytes at end of classfile", classdata_left);
+               /* The JVM spec disallows extra bytes. */
+               panic("Extra bytes at end of classfile");
+       }
+#endif
 
-       return true;
+       if (loadverbose)
+               log_message_class("Loading done class: ", c);
+
+       return c;
 }
 
 
 
-/************** internal Function: class_highestinterface ***********************
+/************** internal Function: class_highestinterface **********************
 
        Used by the function class_link to determine the amount of memory needed
        for the interface table.
@@ -1974,16 +2391,17 @@ static s4 class_highestinterface(classinfo *c)
        Is needed by class_link for adding a VTBL to a class. All interfaces
        implemented by ic are added as well.
 
-*******************************************************************************/       
+*******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_addinterface (classinfo *c, classinfo *ic)
+static void class_addinterface(classinfo *c, classinfo *ic)
 {
        s4     j, m;
        s4     i     = ic->index;
-       vftbl *vftbl = c->vftbl;
-       
+       vftbl_t *vftbl = c->vftbl;
+
        if (i >= vftbl->interfacetablelength)
                panic ("Inernal error: interfacetable overflow");
+
        if (vftbl->interfacetable[-i])
                return;
 
@@ -1991,32 +2409,34 @@ static void class_addinterface (classinfo *c, classinfo *ic)
                vftbl->interfacevftbllength[i] = 1;
                vftbl->interfacetable[-i] = MNEW(methodptr, 1);
                vftbl->interfacetable[-i][0] = NULL;
-               }
-       else {
+
+       else {
                vftbl->interfacevftbllength[i] = ic->methodscount;
-               vftbl->interfacetable[-i] = MNEW(methodptr, ic->methodscount); 
+               vftbl->interfacetable[-i] = MNEW(methodptr, ic->methodscount);
 
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vftbl_len += sizeof(methodptr) *
-                                (ic->methodscount + (ic->methodscount == 0));
+               if (opt_stat)
+                       count_vftbl_len += sizeof(methodptr) *
+                               (ic->methodscount + (ic->methodscount == 0));
 #endif
 
-               for (j=0; j<ic->methodscount; j++) {
+               for (j = 0; j < ic->methodscount; j++) {
                        classinfo *sc = c;
                        while (sc) {
                                for (m = 0; m < sc->methodscount; m++) {
                                        methodinfo *mi = &(sc->methods[m]);
                                        if (method_canoverwrite(mi, &(ic->methods[j]))) {
-                                               vftbl->interfacetable[-i][j] = 
-                                                                         vftbl->table[mi->vftblindex];
+                                               vftbl->interfacetable[-i][j] =
+                                                       vftbl->table[mi->vftblindex];
                                                goto foundmethod;
-                                               }
                                        }
-                               sc = sc->super;
                                }
-                        foundmethod: ;
+                               sc = sc->super;
                        }
+               foundmethod:
+                       ;
                }
+       }
 
        for (j = 0; j < ic->interfacescount; j++) 
                class_addinterface(c, ic->interfaces[j]);
@@ -2035,11 +2455,6 @@ void class_new_array(classinfo *c)
        methodinfo *clone;
        int namelen;
 
-       /* DEBUG */ /* dolog("class_new_array: %s",c->name->text); */
-
-       /* Array classes are not loaded from classfiles. */
-       list_remove(&unloadedclasses, c);
-
        /* Check array class name */
        namelen = c->name->blength;
        if (namelen < 2 || c->name->text[0] != '[')
@@ -2047,17 +2462,34 @@ void class_new_array(classinfo *c)
 
        /* Check the component type */
        switch (c->name->text[1]) {
-         case '[':
-                 /* c is an array of arrays. We have to create the component class. */
-                 comp = class_new(utf_new(c->name->text + 1,namelen - 1));
-                 break;
+       case '[':
+               /* c is an array of arrays. We have to create the component class. */
+               if (opt_eager) {
+                       comp = class_new_intern(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 1,
+                                                                                                  namelen - 1));
+                       class_load(comp);
+                       list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, comp);
 
-         case 'L':
-                 /* c is an array of objects. */
-                 if (namelen < 4 || c->name->text[namelen - 1] != ';')
-                         panic("Invalid array class name");
-                 comp = class_new(utf_new(c->name->text + 2,namelen - 3));
-                 break;
+               } else {
+                       comp = class_new(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 1, namelen - 1));
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case 'L':
+               /* c is an array of objects. */
+               if (namelen < 4 || c->name->text[namelen - 1] != ';')
+                       panic("Invalid array class name");
+
+               if (opt_eager) {
+                       comp = class_new_intern(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 2,
+                                                                                                  namelen - 3));
+                       class_load(comp);
+                       list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, comp);
+
+               } else {
+                       comp = class_new(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 2, namelen - 3));
+               }
+               break;
        }
 
        /* Setup the array class */
@@ -2065,12 +2497,28 @@ void class_new_array(classinfo *c)
        c->flags = ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL | ACC_ABSTRACT;
 
     c->interfacescount = 2;
-    c->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*,2);
-    c->interfaces[0] = class_java_lang_Cloneable;
-    c->interfaces[1] = class_java_io_Serializable;
+    c->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*, 2);
+
+       if (opt_eager) {
+               classinfo *tc;
+
+               tc = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
+               class_load(tc);
+               list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, tc);
+               c->interfaces[0] = tc;
+
+               tc = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
+               class_load(tc);
+               list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, tc);
+               c->interfaces[1] = tc;
+
+       } else {
+               c->interfaces[0] = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
+               c->interfaces[1] = class_new(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
+       }
 
        c->methodscount = 1;
-       c->methods = MNEW (methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+       c->methods = MNEW(methodinfo, c->methodscount);
 
        clone = c->methods;
        memset(clone, 0, sizeof(methodinfo));
@@ -2083,17 +2531,8 @@ void class_new_array(classinfo *c)
 
        /* XXX: field: length? */
 
-       /* The array class has to be linked */
-       list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses,c);
-       
-       /*
-     * Array classes which are created after the other classes have been
-     * loaded and linked are linked explicitely.
-     */
-        c->loaded=true;
-     
-       if (loader_inited)
-               loader_load(c->name); /* XXX handle errors */
+       /* array classes are not loaded from class files */
+       c->loaded = true;
 }
 
 
@@ -2110,28 +2549,35 @@ void class_new_array(classinfo *c)
 static arraydescriptor *class_link_array(classinfo *c)
 {
        classinfo *comp = NULL;
-       int namelen = c->name->blength;
+       s4 namelen = c->name->blength;
        arraydescriptor *desc;
-       vftbl *compvftbl;
+       vftbl_t *compvftbl;
 
        /* Check the component type */
        switch (c->name->text[1]) {
-         case '[':
-                 /* c is an array of arrays. */
-                 comp = class_get(utf_new(c->name->text + 1,namelen - 1));
-                 if (!comp) panic("Could not find component array class.");
-                 break;
-
-         case 'L':
-                 /* c is an array of objects. */
-                 comp = class_get(utf_new(c->name->text + 2,namelen - 3));
-                 if (!comp) panic("Could not find component class.");
-                 break;
+       case '[':
+               /* c is an array of arrays. */
+/*             comp = class_get(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 1, namelen - 1)); */
+               comp = class_new(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 1, namelen - 1));
+               if (!comp)
+                       panic("Could not find component array class.");
+               break;
+
+       case 'L':
+               /* c is an array of objects. */
+/*             comp = class_get(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 2, namelen - 3)); */
+               comp = class_new(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 2, namelen - 3));
+               if (!comp)
+                       panic("Could not find component class.");
+               break;
        }
 
-       /* If the component type has not been linked return NULL */
-       if (comp && !comp->linked)
-               return NULL;
+       /* If the component type has not been linked, link it now */
+       if (comp && !comp->linked) {
+               if (!comp->loaded)
+                       class_load(comp);
+               class_link(comp);
+       }
 
        /* Allocate the arraydescriptor */
        desc = NEW(arraydescriptor);
@@ -2140,7 +2586,7 @@ static arraydescriptor *class_link_array(classinfo *c)
                /* c is an array of references */
                desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT;
                desc->componentsize = sizeof(void*);
-               desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_objectarray,data);
+               desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_objectarray, data);
                
                compvftbl = comp->vftbl;
                if (!compvftbl)
@@ -2153,8 +2599,8 @@ static arraydescriptor *class_link_array(classinfo *c)
                                panic("Creating array of dimension >255");
                        desc->dimension = compvftbl->arraydesc->dimension + 1;
                        desc->elementtype = compvftbl->arraydesc->elementtype;
-               }
-               else {
+
+               else {
                        desc->elementvftbl = compvftbl;
                        desc->dimension = 1;
                        desc->elementtype = ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT;
@@ -2163,42 +2609,50 @@ static arraydescriptor *class_link_array(classinfo *c)
        } else {
                /* c is an array of a primitive type */
                switch (c->name->text[1]) {
-               case 'Z': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_BOOLEAN;
+               case 'Z':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_BOOLEAN;
                        desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_booleanarray,data);
                        desc->componentsize = sizeof(u1);
                        break;
 
-               case 'B': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_BYTE;
+               case 'B':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_BYTE;
                        desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_bytearray,data);
                        desc->componentsize = sizeof(u1);
                        break;
 
-               case 'C': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_CHAR;
+               case 'C':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_CHAR;
                        desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_chararray,data);
                        desc->componentsize = sizeof(u2);
                        break;
 
-               case 'D': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_DOUBLE;
+               case 'D':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_DOUBLE;
                        desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_doublearray,data);
                        desc->componentsize = sizeof(double);
                        break;
 
-               case 'F': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_FLOAT;
+               case 'F':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_FLOAT;
                        desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_floatarray,data);
                        desc->componentsize = sizeof(float);
                        break;
 
-               case 'I': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_INT;
+               case 'I':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_INT;
                        desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_intarray,data);
                        desc->componentsize = sizeof(s4);
                        break;
 
-               case 'J': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_LONG;
+               case 'J':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_LONG;
                        desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_longarray,data);
                        desc->componentsize = sizeof(s8);
                        break;
 
-               case 'S': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_SHORT;
+               case 'S':
+                       desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_SHORT;
                        desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_shortarray,data);
                        desc->componentsize = sizeof(s2);
                        break;
@@ -2219,45 +2673,100 @@ static arraydescriptor *class_link_array(classinfo *c)
 
 /********************** Function: class_link ***********************************
 
-       Tries to link a class. The super class and every implemented interface must
-       already have been linked. The function calculates the length in bytes that
+       Tries to link a class. The function calculates the length in bytes that
        an instance of this class requires as well as the VTBL for methods and
        interface methods.
        
-       If the class can be linked, it is removed from the list 'unlinkedclasses'
-       and added to 'linkedclasses'. Otherwise, it is moved to the end of
-       'unlinkedclasses'.
+*******************************************************************************/
 
-       Attention: If cyclical class definitions are encountered, the program gets
-       into an infinite loop (we'll have to work that out)
+static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c);
 
-*******************************************************************************/
+classinfo *class_link(classinfo *c)
+{
+       classinfo *r;
+       s8 starttime;
+       s8 stoptime;
+
+       /* enter a monitor on the class */
+
+       builtin_monitorenter((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+       /* maybe the class is already linked */
+       if (c->linked) {
+               builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+               return c;
+       }
+
+       /* measure time */
+       if (getloadingtime)
+               starttime = getcputime();
+
+       /* call the internal function */
+       r = class_link_intern(c);
+
+       /* if return value is NULL, we had a problem and the class is not linked */
+       if (!r)
+               c->linked = false;
+
+       /* measure time */
+       if (getloadingtime) {
+               stoptime = getcputime();
+               loadingtime += (stoptime - starttime);
+       }
+
+       /* leave the monitor */
+
+       builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+       return r;
+}
 
-void class_link(classinfo *c)
+
+static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c)
 {
        s4 supervftbllength;          /* vftbllegnth of super class               */
        s4 vftbllength;               /* vftbllength of current class             */
        s4 interfacetablelength;      /* interface table length                   */
        classinfo *super = c->super;  /* super class                              */
        classinfo *ic, *c2;           /* intermediate class variables             */
-       vftbl *v;                     /* vftbl of current class                   */
+       vftbl_t *v;                   /* vftbl of current class                   */
        s4 i;                         /* interface/method/field counter           */
        arraydescriptor *arraydesc = NULL;  /* descriptor for array classes       */
 
+       /* maybe the class is already linked */
+       if (c->linked)
+               return c;
+
+       if (linkverbose)
+               log_message_class("Linking class: ", c);
 
-       /*  check if all superclasses are already linked, if not put c at end of
-           unlinked list and return. Additionally initialize class fields.       */
+       /* ok, this class is somewhat linked */
+       c->linked = true;
 
-       /*  check interfaces */
+       /* check interfaces */
 
        for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
                ic = c->interfaces[i];
-               if (!ic->linked) {
-                       list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-                       list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-                       return; 
+
+               /* detect circularity */
+               if (ic == c) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_ClassCircularityError,
+                                                                                c->name);
+
+                       return NULL;
                }
-               if ((ic->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) == 0) {
+
+               if (!ic->loaded)
+                       if (!class_load(ic))
+                               return NULL;
+
+               if (!ic->linked)
+                       if (!class_link(ic))
+                               return NULL;
+
+               if (!(ic->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
                        dolog("Specified interface is not declared as interface:");
                        log_utf(ic->name);
                        dolog("in");
@@ -2279,23 +2788,33 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                c->finalizer = NULL;
 
        } else {
-               if (!super->linked) {
-                       list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-                       list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-                       return; 
+               /* detect circularity */
+               if (super == c) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_ClassCircularityError,
+                                                                                c->name);
+
+                       return NULL;
                }
 
+               if (!super->loaded)
+                       if (!class_load(super))
+                               return NULL;
+
+               if (!super->linked)
+                       if (!class_link(super))
+                               return NULL;
+
                if (super->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)
                        panic("Interface specified as super class");
 
                /* handle array classes */
                /* The component class must have been linked already. */
-               if (c->name->text[0] == '[')
+               if (c->name->text[0] == '[') {
                        if ((arraydesc = class_link_array(c)) == NULL) {
-                               list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-                               list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-                               return; 
+                               panic("class_link: class_link_array");
                        }
+               }
 
                /* Don't allow extending final classes */
                if (super->flags & ACC_FINAL)
@@ -2313,14 +2832,6 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                c->finalizer = super->finalizer;
        }
 
-
-       if (linkverbose) {
-               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
-               sprintf(logtext, "Linking Class: ");
-               utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name );
-               log_text(logtext);
-       }
-
        /* compute vftbl length */
 
        for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
@@ -2329,11 +2840,12 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                if (!(m->flags & ACC_STATIC)) { /* is instance method */
                        classinfo *sc = super;
                        while (sc) {
-                               int j;
+                               s4 j;
                                for (j = 0; j < sc->methodscount; j++) {
                                        if (method_canoverwrite(m, &(sc->methods[j]))) {
                                                if ((sc->methods[j].flags & ACC_PRIVATE) != 0)
                                                        goto notfoundvftblindex;
+
                                                if ((sc->methods[j].flags & ACC_FINAL) != 0) {
                                                        log_utf(c->name);
                                                        log_utf(sc->name);
@@ -2349,12 +2861,15 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                        }
                notfoundvftblindex:
                        m->vftblindex = (vftbllength++);
-               foundvftblindex: ;
+               foundvftblindex:
+                       ;
                }
        }       
        
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vftbl_len += sizeof(vftbl) + (sizeof(methodptr) * (vftbllength - 1));
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_vftbl_len +=
+                       sizeof(vftbl_t) + (sizeof(methodptr) * (vftbllength - 1));
 #endif
 
        /* compute interfacetable length */
@@ -2363,7 +2878,7 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
        c2 = c;
        while (c2) {
                for (i = 0; i < c2->interfacescount; i++) {
-                       s4 h = class_highestinterface (c2->interfaces[i]) + 1;
+                       s4 h = class_highestinterface(c2->interfaces[i]) + 1;
                        if (h > interfacetablelength)
                                interfacetablelength = h;
                }
@@ -2372,16 +2887,17 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
 
        /* allocate virtual function table */
 
-       v = (vftbl*) mem_alloc(sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr) *
+       v = (vftbl_t*) mem_alloc(sizeof(vftbl_t) + sizeof(methodptr) *
                                                   (vftbllength - 1) + sizeof(methodptr*) *
                                                   (interfacetablelength - (interfacetablelength > 0)));
-       v = (vftbl*) (((methodptr*) v) + (interfacetablelength - 1) *
+       v = (vftbl_t*) (((methodptr*) v) + (interfacetablelength - 1) *
                                  (interfacetablelength > 1));
        c->header.vftbl = c->vftbl = v;
+/*     utf_display_classname(c->name);printf(", c->header.vftbl=%p\n", c->header.vftbl); */
        v->class = c;
        v->vftbllength = vftbllength;
        v->interfacetablelength = interfacetablelength;
-       v->arraydesc = arraydesc;
+       v->arraydesc = arraydesc;
 
        /* store interface index in vftbl */
        if (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)
@@ -2407,7 +2923,7 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                s4 dsize;
                fieldinfo *f = &(c->fields[i]);
                
-               if (!(f->flags & ACC_STATIC) ) {
+               if (!(f->flags & ACC_STATIC)) {
                        dsize = desc_typesize(f->descriptor);
                        c->instancesize = ALIGN(c->instancesize, dsize);
                        f->offset = c->instancesize;
@@ -2419,8 +2935,9 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
        
        v->interfacevftbllength = MNEW(s4, interfacetablelength);
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vftbl_len += (4 + sizeof(s4)) * v->interfacetablelength;
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_vftbl_len += (4 + sizeof(s4)) * v->interfacetablelength;
 #endif
 
        for (i = 0; i < interfacetablelength; i++) {
@@ -2457,10 +2974,14 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
 
        /* final tasks */
 
-       c->linked = true;       
+       loader_compute_subclasses(c);
+
+       if (linkverbose)
+               log_message_class("Linking done class: ", c);
+
+       /* just return c to show that we didn't had a problem */
 
-       list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-       list_addlast(&linkedclasses, c);
+       return c;
 }
 
 
@@ -2470,44 +2991,49 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_freecpool (classinfo *c)
+static void class_freecpool(classinfo *c)
 {
        u4 idx;
        u4 tag;
        voidptr info;
        
-       for (idx=0; idx < c->cpcount; idx++) {
-               tag = c->cptags[idx];
-               info = c->cpinfos[idx];
+       if (c->cptags && c->cpinfos) {
+               for (idx = 0; idx < c->cpcount; idx++) {
+                       tag = c->cptags[idx];
+                       info = c->cpinfos[idx];
                
-               if (info != NULL) {
-                       switch (tag) {
-                       case CONSTANT_Fieldref:
-                       case CONSTANT_Methodref:
-                       case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
-                               FREE (info, constant_FMIref);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Integer:
-                               FREE (info, constant_integer);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Float:
-                               FREE (info, constant_float);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Long:
-                               FREE (info, constant_long);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Double:
-                               FREE (info, constant_double);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_NameAndType:
-                               FREE (info, constant_nameandtype);
-                               break;
-                       }
+                       if (info != NULL) {
+                               switch (tag) {
+                               case CONSTANT_Fieldref:
+                               case CONSTANT_Methodref:
+                               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_FMIref);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_Integer:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_integer);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_Float:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_float);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_Long:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_long);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_Double:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_double);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_NameAndType:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_nameandtype);
+                                       break;
+                               }
                        }
                }
+       }
 
-       MFREE (c -> cptags,  u1, c -> cpcount);
-       MFREE (c -> cpinfos, voidptr, c -> cpcount);
+       if (c->cptags)
+               MFREE(c->cptags, u1, c->cpcount);
+
+       if (c->cpinfos)
+               MFREE(c->cpinfos, voidptr, c->cpcount);
 }
 
 
@@ -2517,21 +3043,27 @@ static void class_freecpool (classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_free(classinfo *c)
+void class_free(classinfo *c)
 {
        s4 i;
-       vftbl *v;
+       vftbl_t *v;
                
        class_freecpool(c);
 
-       MFREE(c->interfaces, classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
+       if (c->interfaces)
+               MFREE(c->interfaces, classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
 
-       for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++)
-               field_free(&(c->fields[i]));
+       if (c->fields) {
+               for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++)
+                       field_free(&(c->fields[i]));
+/*     MFREE(c->fields, fieldinfo, c->fieldscount); */
+       }
        
-       for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++)
-               method_free(&(c->methods[i]));
-       MFREE(c->methods, methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+       if (c->methods) {
+               for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++)
+                       method_free(&(c->methods[i]));
+/*     MFREE(c->methods, methodinfo, c->methodscount); */
+       }
 
        if ((v = c->vftbl) != NULL) {
                if (v->arraydesc)
@@ -2542,21 +3074,21 @@ static void class_free(classinfo *c)
                }
                MFREE(v->interfacevftbllength, s4, v->interfacetablelength);
 
-               i = sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr) * (v->vftbllength - 1) +
+               i = sizeof(vftbl_t) + sizeof(methodptr) * (v->vftbllength - 1) +
                    sizeof(methodptr*) * (v->interfacetablelength -
                                         (v->interfacetablelength > 0));
-               v = (vftbl*) (((methodptr*) v) - (v->interfacetablelength - 1) *
+               v = (vftbl_t*) (((methodptr*) v) - (v->interfacetablelength - 1) *
                                             (v->interfacetablelength > 1));
                mem_free(v, i);
        }
 
-       if (c->innerclasscount)
+       if (c->innerclass)
                MFREE(c->innerclass, innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
 
        /*      if (c->classvftbl)
                mem_free(c->header.vftbl, sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr)*(c->vftbl->vftbllength-1)); */
        
-       GCFREE(c);
+/*     GCFREE(c); */
 }
 
 
@@ -2570,7 +3102,7 @@ static void class_free(classinfo *c)
 fieldinfo *class_findfield(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        s4 i;
-       
+
        for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++) { 
                if ((c->fields[i].name == name) && (c->fields[i].descriptor == desc)) 
                        return &(c->fields[i]);                                                         
@@ -2592,28 +3124,28 @@ fieldinfo *class_findfield(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static
-fieldinfo *class_resolvefield_int(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+static fieldinfo *class_resolvefield_int(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        s4 i;
        fieldinfo *fi;
 
        /* search for field in class c */
        for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++) { 
-               if ((c->fields[i].name == name) && (c->fields[i].descriptor == desc)) 
-                       return &(c->fields[i]);                                                         
+               if ((c->fields[i].name == name) && (c->fields[i].descriptor == desc)) {
+                       return &(c->fields[i]);
+               }
     }
 
        /* try superinterfaces recursively */
-       for (i=0; i<c->interfacescount; ++i) {
-               fi = class_resolvefield_int(c->interfaces[i],name,desc);
+       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; ++i) {
+               fi = class_resolvefield_int(c->interfaces[i], name, desc);
                if (fi)
                        return fi;
        }
 
        /* try superclass */
        if (c->super)
-               return class_resolvefield_int(c->super,name,desc);
+               return class_resolvefield_int(c->super, name, desc);
 
        /* not found */
        return NULL;
@@ -2637,11 +3169,14 @@ fieldinfo *class_resolvefield(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc,
        /* XXX resolve class c */
        /* XXX check access from REFERER to C */
        
-       fi = class_resolvefield_int(c,name,desc);
+       fi = class_resolvefield_int(c, name, desc);
 
        if (!fi) {
                if (except)
-                       *exceptionptr = new_exception("java/lang/NoSuchFieldError");
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_NoSuchFieldError,
+                                                                                name);
+
                return NULL;
        }
 
@@ -2662,60 +3197,20 @@ fieldinfo *class_resolvefield(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc,
 s4 class_findmethodIndex(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        s4 i;
-       //#define JOWENN_DEBUG1
-       //#define JOWENN_DEBUG2
-#if defined(JOWENN_DEBUG1) || defined(JOWENN_DEBUG2)
-       char *buffer;                   
-       int buffer_len, pos;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG1
-
-       buffer_len = 
-               utf_strlen(name) + utf_strlen(desc) + utf_strlen(c->name) + 64;
-       
-       buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
-
-       strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: method:");
-       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), name);
-       strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
-       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), desc);
-       strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", classname: ");
-       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->name);
-       
-       log_text(buffer);       
 
-       MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
-#endif 
        for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2
-               buffer_len = 
-                       utf_strlen(c->methods[i].name) + utf_strlen(c->methods[i].descriptor)+ 64;
-       
-               buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
 
-               strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: comparing to method:");
-               utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].name);
-               strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
-               utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].descriptor);
-       
-               log_text(buffer);       
+/*             utf_display_classname(c->name);printf("."); */
+/*             utf_display(c->methods[i].name);printf("."); */
+/*             utf_display(c->methods[i].descriptor); */
+/*             printf("\n"); */
 
-               MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
-#endif 
-               
-               
                if ((c->methods[i].name == name) && ((desc == NULL) ||
                                                                                         (c->methods[i].descriptor == desc))) {
                        return i;
                }
        }
 
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2   
-       class_showconstantpool(c);
-       log_text("class_findmethod: returning NULL");
-#endif
-
        return -1;
 }
 
@@ -2723,69 +3218,17 @@ s4 class_findmethodIndex(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 /************************* Function: class_findmethod **************************
        
        Searches a 'classinfo' structure for a method having the given name and
-       type.
-       If type is NULL, it is ignored.
-
-*******************************************************************************/
-
-methodinfo *class_findmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
-{
-#if 0
-       s4 i;
-#if defined(JOWENN_DEBUG1) || defined(JOWENN_DEBUG2)
-       char *buffer;                   
-       int buffer_len, pos;
-#endif
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG1
-
-       buffer_len = 
-               utf_strlen(name) + utf_strlen(desc) + utf_strlen(c->name) + 64;
-       
-       buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
-
-       strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: method:");
-       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), name);
-       strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
-       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), desc);
-       strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", classname: ");
-       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->name);
-       
-       log_text(buffer);       
-
-       MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
-#endif 
-       for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2
-               buffer_len = 
-                       utf_strlen(c->methods[i].name) + utf_strlen(c->methods[i].descriptor)+ 64;
-       
-               buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
-
-               strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: comparing to method:");
-               utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].name);
-               strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
-               utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].descriptor);
-       
-               log_text(buffer);       
-
-               MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
-#endif 
-               
-               if ((c->methods[i].name == name) && ((desc == NULL) ||
-                                                                                        (c->methods[i].descriptor == desc))) {
-                       return &(c->methods[i]);
-               }
-       }
-#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2   
-       class_showconstantpool(c);
-       log_text("class_findmethod: returning NULL");
-#endif
-       return NULL;
-#endif
+       type.
+       If type is NULL, it is ignored.
+
+*******************************************************************************/
 
-       s4 idx=class_findmethodIndex(c, name, desc);
-/*     if (idx==-1) log_text("class_findmethod: method not found");*/
-       if (idx == -1) return NULL;
+methodinfo *class_findmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+{
+       s4 idx = class_findmethodIndex(c, name, desc);
+
+       if (idx == -1)
+               return NULL;
 
        return &(c->methods[idx]);
 }
@@ -2800,6 +3243,7 @@ methodinfo *class_findmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 methodinfo *class_fetchmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        methodinfo *mi;
+
        mi = class_findmethod(c, name, desc);
 
        if (!mi) {
@@ -2924,12 +3368,20 @@ methodinfo *class_resolvemethod_approx(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 methodinfo *class_resolvemethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
+       /*log_text("Trying to resolve a method");
+       utf_display(c->name);
+       utf_display(name);
+       utf_display(desc);*/
+
        while (c) {
+               /*log_text("Looking in:");
+               utf_display(c->name);*/
                methodinfo *m = class_findmethod(c, name, desc);
                if (m) return m;
                /* search superclass */
                c = c->super;
        }
+       /*log_text("method not found:");*/
 
        return NULL;
 }
@@ -2979,30 +3431,33 @@ methodinfo *class_resolveinterfacemethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc,
        /* XXX resolve class c */
        /* XXX check access from REFERER to C */
        
-       if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) == 0) {
+       if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
                if (except)
-                       *exceptionptr = new_exception("java/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError");
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception(string_java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError);
+
                return NULL;
        }
 
-       mi = class_resolveinterfacemethod_int(c,name,desc);
+       mi = class_resolveinterfacemethod_int(c, name, desc);
 
        if (mi)
-               goto found;
+               return mi;
 
        /* try class java.lang.Object */
-       mi = class_findmethod(class_java_lang_Object,name,desc);
+       mi = class_findmethod(class_java_lang_Object, name, desc);
+
        if (mi)
-               goto found;
+               return mi;
 
        if (except)
-               *exceptionptr = new_exception("java/lang/NoSuchMethodError");
-       return NULL;
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_NoSuchMethodError, name);
 
- found:
-       return mi;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
+
 /********************* Function: class_resolveclassmethod *********************
        
     Resolves a reference from REFERER to a method with NAME and DESC in
@@ -3016,44 +3471,53 @@ methodinfo *class_resolveinterfacemethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc,
 methodinfo *class_resolveclassmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc,
                                                                         classinfo *referer, bool except)
 {
-       methodinfo *mi;
-       int i;
        classinfo *cls;
-       
+       methodinfo *mi;
+       s4 i;
+       char msg[MAXLOGTEXT];
+
        /* XXX resolve class c */
        /* XXX check access from REFERER to C */
        
-       if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0) {
-               if (except)
-                       *exceptionptr = new_exception("java/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError");
-               return NULL;
-       }
+/*     if (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) { */
+/*             if (except) */
+/*                     *exceptionptr = */
+/*                             new_exception(string_java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError); */
+/*             return NULL; */
+/*     } */
 
        /* try class c and its superclasses */
        cls = c;
        do {
-               mi = class_findmethod(cls,name,desc);
+               mi = class_findmethod(cls, name, desc);
                if (mi)
                        goto found;
        } while ((cls = cls->super) != NULL); /* try the superclass */
 
        /* try the superinterfaces */
-       for (i=0; i<c->interfacescount; ++i) {
-               mi = class_resolveinterfacemethod_int(c->interfaces[i],name,desc);
+       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; ++i) {
+               mi = class_resolveinterfacemethod_int(c->interfaces[i], name, desc);
                if (mi)
                        goto found;
        }
        
-       if (except)
-               *exceptionptr = new_exception("java/lang/NoSuchMethodError");
+       if (except) {
+               utf_sprint(msg, c->name);
+               sprintf(msg + strlen(msg), ".");
+               utf_sprint(msg + strlen(msg), name);
+               utf_sprint(msg + strlen(msg), desc);
+
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_exception_message(string_java_lang_NoSuchMethodError, msg);
+       }
+
        return NULL;
 
  found:
-       if ((mi->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) != 0 &&
-               (c->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) == 0) 
-       {
+       if ((mi->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) && !(c->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT)) {
                if (except)
-                       *exceptionptr = new_exception("java/lang/AbstractMethodError");
+                       *exceptionptr = new_exception(string_java_lang_AbstractMethodError);
+
                return NULL;
        }
 
@@ -3087,7 +3551,54 @@ bool class_issubclass(classinfo *sub, classinfo *super)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void class_init(classinfo *c)
+static classinfo *class_init_intern(classinfo *c);
+
+classinfo *class_init(classinfo *c)
+{
+       classinfo *r;
+
+       if (!makeinitializations)
+               return c;
+
+       /* enter a monitor on the class */
+
+       builtin_monitorenter((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+       /* maybe the class is already initalized or the current thread, which can
+          pass the monitor, is currently initalizing this class */
+
+       if (c->initialized || c->initializing) {
+               builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+               return c;
+       }
+
+       /* this initalizing run begins NOW */
+       c->initializing = true;
+
+       /* call the internal function */
+       r = class_init_intern(c);
+
+       /* if return value is not NULL everything was ok and the class is
+          initialized */
+       if (r)
+               c->initialized = true;
+
+       /* this initalizing run is done */
+       c->initializing = false;
+
+       /* leave the monitor */
+
+       builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+       return r;
+}
+
+
+/* this function MUST NOT be called directly, because of thread <clinit>
+   race conditions */
+
+static classinfo *class_init_intern(classinfo *c)
 {
        methodinfo *m;
        s4 i;
@@ -3095,65 +3606,88 @@ void class_init(classinfo *c)
        int b;
 #endif
 
-       if (!makeinitializations)
-               return;
-       if (c->initialized)
-               return;
+       if (!c->loaded)
+               if (!class_load(c))
+                       return NULL;
 
-       c->initialized = true;
+       if (!c->linked)
+               if (!class_link(c))
+                       return NULL;
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_class_inits++;
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_class_inits++;
 #endif
 
        /* initialize super class */
        if (c->super) {
-               if (initverbose) {
-                       char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
-                       sprintf(logtext, "Initialize super class ");
-                       utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->super->name);
-                       sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " from ");
-                       utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
-                       log_text(logtext);
+               if (!c->super->loaded)
+                       if (!class_load(c->super))
+                               return NULL;
+
+               if (!c->super->linked)
+                       if (!class_link(c->super))
+                               return NULL;
+
+               if (!c->super->initialized) {
+                       if (initverbose) {
+                               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+                               sprintf(logtext, "Initialize super class ");
+                               utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->super->name);
+                               sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " from ");
+                               utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+                               log_text(logtext);
+                       }
+
+                       if (!class_init(c->super))
+                               return NULL;
                }
-               class_init(c->super);
        }
 
        /* initialize interface classes */
        for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
-               if (initverbose) {
-                       char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
-                       sprintf(logtext, "Initialize interface class ");
-                       utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->interfaces[i]->name);
-                       sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " from ");
-                       utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
-                       log_text(logtext);
+               if (!c->interfaces[i]->loaded)
+                       if (!class_load(c->interfaces[i]))
+                               return NULL;
+
+               if (!c->interfaces[i]->linked)
+                       if (!class_link(c->interfaces[i]))
+                               return NULL;
+
+               if (!c->interfaces[i]->initialized) {
+                       if (initverbose) {
+                               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+                               sprintf(logtext, "Initialize interface class ");
+                               utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->interfaces[i]->name);
+                               sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " from ");
+                               utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+                               log_text(logtext);
+                       }
+                       
+                       if (!class_init(c->interfaces[i]))
+                               return NULL;
                }
-               class_init(c->interfaces[i]);  /* real */
        }
 
        m = class_findmethod(c, utf_clinit, utf_fidesc);
+
        if (!m) {
                if (initverbose) {
                        char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
                        sprintf(logtext, "Class ");
-                       utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
-                       sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " has no initializer");
+                       utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+                       sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " has no static class initializer");
                        log_text(logtext);
                }
-               /*              goto callinitialize;*/
-               return;
+
+               return c;
        }
 
        if (!(m->flags & ACC_STATIC))
                panic("Class initializer is not static!");
 
-       if (initverbose) {
-               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
-               sprintf(logtext, "Starting initializer for class: ");
-               utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
-               log_text(logtext);
-       }
+       if (initverbose)
+               log_message_class("Starting static class initializer for class: ", c);
 
 #if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
        b = blockInts;
@@ -3168,66 +3702,42 @@ void class_init(classinfo *c)
        blockInts = b;
 #endif
 
-       /* we have to throw an exception */
+       /* we have an exception or error */
        if (*exceptionptr) {
-               printf("Exception in thread \"main\" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError\n");
-               printf("Caused by: ");
-               utf_display((*exceptionptr)->vftbl->class->name);
-
-               /* do we have a detail message? */
-               if (((java_lang_Throwable *) *exceptionptr)->detailMessage) {
-                       printf(": ");
-                       utf_display(javastring_toutf(((java_lang_Throwable *) *exceptionptr)->detailMessage, false));
-               }
+               /* is this an exception, than wrap it */
+               if (builtin_instanceof(*exceptionptr, class_java_lang_Exception)) {
+                       java_objectheader *xptr;
+                       java_objectheader *cause;
 
-               printf("\n");
-               fflush(stdout);
-               exit(1);
-       }
+                       /* class is NOT initialized */
+                       c->initialized = false;
 
-       if (initverbose) {
-               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
-               sprintf(logtext, "Finished initializer for class: ");
-               utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
-               log_text(logtext);
-       }
+                       /* get the cause */
+                       cause = *exceptionptr;
 
-       if (c->name == utf_systemclass) {
-               /* class java.lang.System requires explicit initialization */
+                       /* clear exception, because we are calling jit code again */
+                       *exceptionptr = NULL;
 
-               if (initverbose)
-                       printf("#### Initializing class System");
+                       /* wrap the exception */
+                       xptr =
+                               new_exception_throwable(string_java_lang_ExceptionInInitializerError,
+                                                                               (java_lang_Throwable *) cause);
 
-                /* find initializing method */
-               m = class_findmethod(c,
-                                                        utf_initsystemclass,
-                                                        utf_fidesc);
+                       /* XXX should we exit here? */
+                       if (*exceptionptr)
+                               throw_exception();
 
-               if (!m) {
-                       /* no method found */
-                       /* printf("initializeSystemClass failed"); */
-                       return;
+                       /* set new exception */
+                       *exceptionptr = xptr;
                }
 
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-               b = blockInts;
-               blockInts = 0;
-#endif
-
-               asm_calljavafunction(m, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+               return NULL;
+       }
 
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-               assert(blockInts == 0);
-               blockInts = b;
-#endif
+       if (initverbose)
+               log_message_class("Finished static class initializer for class: ", c);
 
-               if (*exceptionptr) {
-                       printf("#### initializeSystemClass has thrown: ");
-                       utf_display((*exceptionptr)->vftbl->class->name);
-                       printf("\n");
-                       fflush(stdout);
-               }
-       }
+       return c;
 }
 
 
@@ -3480,211 +3990,52 @@ void class_showmethods (classinfo *c)
 }
 
 
-
 /******************************************************************************/
 /******************* General functions for the class loader *******************/
 /******************************************************************************/
 
-/********************* Function: loader_load ***********************************
-
-       Loads and links the class desired class and each class and interface
-       referenced by it.
-       Returns: a pointer to this class
-
-*******************************************************************************/
-
-static int loader_load_running = 0;
-
-classinfo *loader_load(utf *topname)
-{
-       classinfo *top;
-       classinfo *c;
-       s8 starttime = 0;
-       s8 stoptime = 0;
-       classinfo *notlinkable;
-
-       /* avoid recursive calls */
-       if (loader_load_running)
-               return class_new(topname);
-
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-       compiler_lock();
-#endif
-
-       loader_load_running++;
-       
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-       intsDisable();
-#endif
-
-       if (getloadingtime)
-               starttime = getcputime();
-
-       top = class_new(topname);
-
-       /* load classes */
-       while ((c = list_first(&unloadedclasses))) {
-               if (!class_load(c)) {
-                       if (linkverbose)
-                               dolog("Failed to load class");
-                       list_remove(&unloadedclasses, c);
-                       top = NULL;
-               }
-       }
-
-       /* link classes */
-       if (linkverbose)
-               dolog("Linking...");
-
-       /* Added a hack to break infinite linking loops. A better
-        * linking algorithm would be nice. -Edwin */
-       notlinkable = NULL;
-       while ((c = list_first(&unlinkedclasses))) {
-               class_link(c);
-               if (!c->linked) {
-                       if (!notlinkable)
-                               notlinkable = c;
-                       else if (notlinkable == c) {
-                               /* We tried to link this class for the second time and
-                                * no other classes were linked in between, so we are
-                                * caught in a loop.
-                                */
-                               if (linkverbose)
-                                       dolog("Cannot resolve linking dependencies");
-                               top = NULL;
-
-                               if (!*exceptionptr)
-                                       *exceptionptr = new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_LinkageError,
-                                                                                                                        c->name);
-                               break;
-                       }
-
-               } else
-                       notlinkable = NULL;
-       }
-       if (linkverbose)
-               dolog("Linking done.");
-
-       if (loader_inited)
-               loader_compute_subclasses();
-
-       /* measure time */
-       if (getloadingtime) {
-               stoptime = getcputime();
-               loadingtime += (stoptime - starttime);
-       }
-
-
-       loader_load_running--;
-       
-       /* check if a former loader_load call tried to load/link the class and 
-          failed. This is needed because the class didn't appear in the 
-          undloadclasses or unlinkedclasses list during this class. */
-       if (top) {
-               if (!top->loaded) {
-                       if (linkverbose)
-                               dolog("Failed to load class (former call)");
-                       
-                       new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError,
-                                                                        top->name);
-                       top = NULL;
-                       
-               } else if (!top->linked) {
-                       if (linkverbose)
-                               dolog("Failed to link class (former call)");
-
-                       new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_LinkageError,
-                                                                        top->name);
-                       top = NULL;
-               }
-       }
-
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-       intsRestore();
-#endif
-       
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-       compiler_unlock();
-#endif
-
-       /* DEBUG */ /*if (linkverbose && !top) dolog("returning NULL from loader_load");*/
-       
-       return top; 
-}
-
-
-/****************** Function: loader_load_sysclass ****************************
-
-       Loads and links the class desired class and each class and interface
-       referenced by it.
-
-    The pointer to the classinfo is stored in *top if top != NULL.
-    The pointer is also returned.
-
-    If the class could not be loaded the function aborts with an error.
-
-*******************************************************************************/
-
-classinfo *loader_load_sysclass(classinfo **top, utf *topname)
-{
-       classinfo *cls;
-
-       if ((cls = loader_load(topname)) == NULL) {
-               log_plain("Could not load important system class: ");
-               log_plain_utf(topname);
-               log_nl();
-               panic("Could not load important system class");
-       }
-
-       if (top) *top = cls;
-
-       return cls;
-}
-
-
 /**************** function: create_primitive_classes ***************************
 
-       create classes representing primitive types 
+       create classes representing primitive types
 
-********************************************************************************/
+*******************************************************************************/
 
 void create_primitive_classes()
 {  
        int i;
 
-       for (i=0;i<PRIMITIVETYPE_COUNT;i++) {
+       for (i = 0; i < PRIMITIVETYPE_COUNT; i++) {
                /* create primitive class */
-               classinfo *c = class_new ( utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].name) );
-                c -> classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */               
-               c -> impldBy = NULL;
+               classinfo *c =
+                       class_new_intern(utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].name));
+               c->classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
+               c->impldBy = NULL;
                
                /* prevent loader from loading primitive class */
-               list_remove (&unloadedclasses, c);
-               c->loaded=true;
-               /* add to unlinked classes */
-               list_addlast (&unlinkedclasses, c);             
-/*JOWENN primitive types don't have objects as super class             c -> super = class_java_lang_Object; */
-               class_link (c);
+               c->loaded = true;
+               class_link(c);
 
                primitivetype_table[i].class_primitive = c;
 
                /* create class for wrapping the primitive type */
-               primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap =
-                       class_new( utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].wrapname) );
-                primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap -> classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
-               primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap  -> impldBy = NULL;
+               c = class_new_intern(utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].wrapname));
+               primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap = c;
+               primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap->classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
+               primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap->impldBy = NULL;
 
                /* create the primitive array class */
                if (primitivetype_table[i].arrayname) {
-                       c = class_new( utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].arrayname) );
+                       c = class_new_intern(utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].arrayname));
                        primitivetype_table[i].arrayclass = c;
-                       c->loaded=true;
-                       if (!c->linked) class_link(c);
+                       c->loaded = true;
+                       if (!c->linked)
+                               class_link(c);
                        primitivetype_table[i].arrayvftbl = c->vftbl;
                }
        }
 }
 
+
 /**************** function: class_primitive_from_sig ***************************
 
        return the primitive class indicated by the given signature character
@@ -3750,7 +4101,7 @@ classinfo *class_primitive_from_sig(char sig)
                             * CLASSLOAD_PANIC....abort execution with an error message
                    CLASSLOAD_NOPANIC..return NULL on error
 
-********************************************************************************/
+*******************************************************************************/
 
 classinfo *class_from_descriptor(char *utf_ptr, char *end_ptr,
                                                                 char **next, int mode)
@@ -3791,8 +4142,19 @@ classinfo *class_from_descriptor(char *utf_ptr, char *end_ptr,
                  case '[':
                          if (mode & CLASSLOAD_SKIP) return class_java_lang_Object;
                          name = utf_new(start, utf_ptr - start);
-                         return (mode & CLASSLOAD_LOAD)
-                                 ? loader_load(name) : class_new(name); /* XXX handle errors */
+                         if (opt_eager) {
+                                 classinfo *tc;
+
+                                 tc = class_new_intern(name);
+                                 class_load(tc);
+                                 list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, tc);
+
+                                 return tc;
+
+                         } else {
+                                 return (mode & CLASSLOAD_LOAD)
+                                         ? class_load(class_new(name)) : class_new(name); /* XXX handle errors */
+                         }
                }
        }
 
@@ -3864,39 +4226,32 @@ static void create_pseudo_classes()
 {
     /* pseudo class for Arraystubs (extends java.lang.Object) */
     
-    pseudo_class_Arraystub = class_new(utf_new_char("$ARRAYSTUB$"));
-    list_remove(&unloadedclasses, pseudo_class_Arraystub);
-
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("$ARRAYSTUB$"));
+       pseudo_class_Arraystub->loaded = true;
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->super = class_java_lang_Object;
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfacescount = 2;
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*, 2);
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[0] = class_java_lang_Cloneable;
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[1] = class_java_io_Serializable;
 
-    list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, pseudo_class_Arraystub);
     class_link(pseudo_class_Arraystub);
 
        pseudo_class_Arraystub_vftbl = pseudo_class_Arraystub->vftbl;
 
     /* pseudo class representing the null type */
     
-    pseudo_class_Null = class_new(utf_new_char("$NULL$"));
-    list_remove(&unloadedclasses, pseudo_class_Null);
-
+       pseudo_class_Null = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("$NULL$"));
+       pseudo_class_Null->loaded = true;
     pseudo_class_Null->super = class_java_lang_Object;
-
-    list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, pseudo_class_Null);
-    class_link(pseudo_class_Null);     
+       class_link(pseudo_class_Null);  
 
     /* pseudo class representing new uninitialized objects */
     
-    pseudo_class_New = class_new(utf_new_char("$NEW$"));
-    list_remove(&unloadedclasses, pseudo_class_New);
-
-    pseudo_class_New->super = class_java_lang_Object;
-
-    list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, pseudo_class_New);
-    class_link(pseudo_class_New);      
+       pseudo_class_New = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("$NEW$"));
+       pseudo_class_New->loaded = true;
+       pseudo_class_New->linked = true;
+       pseudo_class_New->super = class_java_lang_Object;
+/*     class_link(pseudo_class_New); */
 }
 
 
@@ -3911,17 +4266,13 @@ void loader_init(u1 *stackbottom)
 {
        interfaceindex = 0;
        
-       list_init(&unloadedclasses, OFFSET(classinfo, listnode));
-       list_init(&unlinkedclasses, OFFSET(classinfo, listnode));
-       list_init(&linkedclasses, OFFSET(classinfo, listnode));
-
        /* create utf-symbols for pointer comparison of frequently used strings */
        utf_innerclasses    = utf_new_char("InnerClasses");
        utf_constantvalue   = utf_new_char("ConstantValue");
-       utf_code             = utf_new_char("Code");
+       utf_code            = utf_new_char("Code");
        utf_exceptions      = utf_new_char("Exceptions");
-       utf_linenumbertable     = utf_new_char("LineNumberTable");
-       utf_sourcefile          = utf_new_char("SourceFile");
+       utf_linenumbertable = utf_new_char("LineNumberTable");
+       utf_sourcefile      = utf_new_char("SourceFile");
        utf_finalize        = utf_new_char("finalize");
        utf_fidesc              = utf_new_char("()V");
        utf_init                = utf_new_char("<init>");
@@ -3931,29 +4282,35 @@ void loader_init(u1 *stackbottom)
        utf_vmclassloader   = utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClassLoader");
        utf_initialize      = utf_new_char("initialize");
        utf_initializedesc  = utf_new_char("(I)V");
-
        utf_vmclass         = utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClass");
        utf_java_lang_Object= utf_new_char("java/lang/Object");
-
        array_packagename   = utf_new_char("<the array package>");
+       utf_fillInStackTrace_name = utf_new_char("fillInStackTrace");
+       utf_fillInStackTrace_desc = utf_new_char("()Ljava/lang/Throwable;");
 
        /* create some important classes */
        /* These classes have to be created now because the classinfo
         * pointers are used in the loading code.
         */
-       class_java_lang_Object = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/Object"));
-       class_java_lang_String = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/String"));
-       class_java_lang_Cloneable = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
-       class_java_io_Serializable = class_new(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
-
-       if (verbose) log_text("loader_init: java/lang/Object");
-       /* load the classes which were created above */
-       loader_load_sysclass(NULL, class_java_lang_Object->name);
-
-       loader_inited = 1; /*JOWENN*/
-
-       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_Throwable,
-                                                utf_new_char("java/lang/Throwable"));
+       class_java_lang_Object =
+               class_new_intern(utf_java_lang_Object);
+       class_load(class_java_lang_Object);
+       class_link(class_java_lang_Object);
+
+       class_java_lang_String =
+               class_new_intern(utf_new_char("java/lang/String"));
+       class_load(class_java_lang_String);
+       class_link(class_java_lang_String);
+
+       class_java_lang_Cloneable =
+               class_new_intern(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
+       class_load(class_java_lang_Cloneable);
+       class_link(class_java_lang_Cloneable);
+
+       class_java_io_Serializable =
+               class_new_intern(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
+       class_load(class_java_io_Serializable);
+       class_link(class_java_io_Serializable);
 
        /* create classes representing primitive types */
        create_primitive_classes();
@@ -3965,47 +4322,10 @@ void loader_init(u1 *stackbottom)
        stringtable_update();
 
 #if defined(USE_THREADS)
-       if (stackbottom!=0)
+       if (stackbottom != 0)
                initLocks();
 #endif
-
-       loader_inited = 1;
-}
-
-
-/********************* Function: loader_initclasses ****************************
-
-       Initializes all loaded but uninitialized classes
-
-*******************************************************************************/
-
-#if 0
-/* XXX TWISTI: i think we do not need this */
-void loader_initclasses ()
-{
-       classinfo *c;
-       
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-       pthread_mutex_lock(&compiler_mutex);
-#endif
-
-       intsDisable();                     /* schani */
-
-       if (makeinitializations) {
-               c = list_first(&linkedclasses);
-               while (c) {
-                       class_init(c);
-                       c = list_next(&linkedclasses, c);
-               }
-       }
-
-       intsRestore();                      /* schani */
-       
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-       pthread_mutex_unlock(&compiler_mutex);
-#endif
 }
-#endif
 
 
 static void loader_compute_class_values(classinfo *c)
@@ -4019,73 +4339,48 @@ static void loader_compute_class_values(classinfo *c)
                loader_compute_class_values(subs);
                subs = subs->nextsub;
        }
+
        c->vftbl->diffval = classvalue - c->vftbl->baseval;
-       
-/*     
-       {
-       int i;
-       for (i = 0; i < c->index; i++)
-               printf(" ");
-       printf("%3d  %3d  ", (int) c->vftbl->baseval, c->vftbl->diffval);
-       utf_display(c->name);
-       printf("\n");
-       }
-*/     
 }
 
 
-void loader_compute_subclasses()
+void loader_compute_subclasses(classinfo *c)
 {
-       classinfo *c;
-       
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-       intsDisable();                     /* schani */
+#if defined(USE_THREADS)
+#if defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       compiler_lock();
+#else
+       intsDisable();
+#endif
 #endif
 
-       c = list_first(&linkedclasses);
-       while (c) {
-               if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
-                       c->nextsub = 0;
-                       c->sub = 0;
-               }
-               c = list_next(&linkedclasses, c);
+       if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
+               c->nextsub = 0;
+               c->sub = 0;
        }
 
-       c = list_first(&linkedclasses);
-       while (c) {
-               if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) && (c->super != NULL)) {
-                       c->nextsub = c->super->sub;
-                       c->super->sub = c;
-               }
-               c = list_next(&linkedclasses, c);
+       if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) && (c->super != NULL)) {
+               c->nextsub = c->super->sub;
+               c->super->sub = c;
        }
 
        classvalue = 0;
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-       cast_lock();
-#endif
-       loader_compute_class_values(class_java_lang_Object);
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-       cast_unlock();
-#endif
-
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-       intsRestore();                      /* schani */
-#endif
-}
-
 
-/******************** function classloader_buffer ******************************
-    sets buffer for reading classdata
+       /* this is the java.lang.Object special case */
+       if (!class_java_lang_Object) {
+               loader_compute_class_values(c);
 
-*******************************************************************************/
+       } else {
+               loader_compute_class_values(class_java_lang_Object);
+       }
 
-void classload_buffer(u1 *buf, int len)
-{
-       classbuffer      = buf;
-       classbuffer_size = len;
-       classbuf_pos     = buf - 1;
+#if defined(USE_THREADS)
+#if defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       compiler_unlock();
+#else
+       intsRestore();
+#endif
+#endif
 }
 
 
@@ -4098,18 +4393,15 @@ void classload_buffer(u1 *buf, int len)
 void loader_close()
 {
        classinfo *c;
+       s4 slot;
 
-       while ((c = list_first(&unloadedclasses))) {
-               list_remove(&unloadedclasses, c);
-/*             class_free(c); */
-       }
-       while ((c = list_first(&unlinkedclasses))) {
-               list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
-/*             class_free(c); */
-       }
-       while ((c = list_first(&linkedclasses))) {
-               list_remove(&linkedclasses, c);
-/*             class_free(c); */
+       for (slot = 0; slot < class_hash.size; slot++) {
+               c = class_hash.ptr[slot];
+
+               while (c) {
+                       class_free(c);
+                       c = c->hashlink;
+               }
        }
 }