First version of x86 section.
[cacao.git] / loader.c
index efba3cea6694850cad155fa91210fd7bd1584a95..aae004cf1020aa2cfe40b3891175c0cc77c44fd8 100644 (file)
--- a/loader.c
+++ b/loader.c
    Contact: cacao@complang.tuwien.ac.at
 
    Authors: Reinhard Grafl
-
    Changes: Andreas Krall
             Roman Obermaiser
             Mark Probst
+                       Edwin Steiner
 
-   $Id: loader.c 593 2003-11-09 19:50:55Z twisti $
+   $Id: loader.c 897 2004-01-21 00:49:42Z stefan $
 
 */
 
 
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include "global.h"
 #include "loader.h"
+#include "main.h"
 #include "native.h"
 #include "tables.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "toolbox/memory.h"
 #include "toolbox/loging.h"
 #include "threads/thread.h"
+#include "threads/locks.h"
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 
+#ifdef USE_ZLIB
+#include "unzip.h"
+#endif
 
-/* global variables ***********************************************************/
+#undef JOWENN_DEBUG
+#undef JOWENN_DEBUG1
+#undef JOWENN_DEBUG2
 
-bool opt_rt = false;            /* true if RTA parse should be used     RT-CO */
-bool opt_xta = false;           /* true if XTA parse should be used    XTA-CO */
-bool opt_vta = false;           /* true if VTA parse should be used    VTA-CO */
+/* global variables ***********************************************************/
 
 int count_class_infos = 0;      /* variables for measurements                 */
 int count_const_pool_len = 0;
@@ -65,16 +72,8 @@ int count_extable_len = 0;
 int count_class_loads = 0;
 int count_class_inits = 0;
 
-bool loadverbose = false;       /* switches for debug messages                */
-bool linkverbose = false;
-bool initverbose = false;
-
-bool makeinitializations = true;
-
-bool getloadingtime  = false;   /* to measure the runtime                     */
-long int loadingtime = 0;
-
-static s4 interfaceindex;       /* sequential numbering of interfaces         */ 
+static s4 interfaceindex;       /* sequential numbering of interfaces         */
+static s4 classvalue;
 
 list unloadedclasses;       /* list of all referenced but not loaded classes  */
 list unlinkedclasses;       /* list of all loaded but not linked classes      */
@@ -83,21 +82,46 @@ list linkedclasses;         /* list of all completely linked classes          */
 
 /* utf-symbols for pointer comparison of frequently used strings */
 
-static utf *utf_innerclasses;          /* InnerClasses                    */
-static utf *utf_constantvalue;                 /* ConstantValue                   */
-static utf *utf_code;                      /* Code                            */
-static utf *utf_finalize;                  /* finalize                            */
-static utf *utf_fidesc;                    /* ()V                                     */
-static utf *utf_clinit;                    /* <clinit>                            */
+static utf *utf_innerclasses;          /* InnerClasses            */
+static utf *utf_constantvalue;                 /* ConstantValue           */
+static utf *utf_code;                      /* Code                    */
+static utf *utf_finalize;                  /* finalize                */
+static utf *utf_fidesc;                    /* ()V changed             */
+static utf *utf_init;                          /* <init>                  */
+static utf *utf_clinit;                    /* <clinit>                */
 static utf *utf_initsystemclass;       /* initializeSystemClass   */
-static utf *utf_systemclass;           /* java/lang/System        */
+static utf *utf_systemclass;           /* java/lang/System        */
+static utf *utf_vmclassloader;      /* java/lang/VMClassLoader */
+static utf *utf_vmclass;            /* java/lang/VMClassLoader */
+static utf *utf_initialize;
+static utf *utf_initializedesc;
+static utf *utf_java_lang_Object;   /* java/lang/Object        */
+
+
+
+
+utf* clinit_desc(){
+       return utf_fidesc;
+}
+utf* clinit_name(){
+       return utf_clinit;
+}
 
 
 /* important system classes ***************************************************/
 
 classinfo *class_java_lang_Object;
 classinfo *class_java_lang_String;
-classinfo *class_array = NULL;
+
+classinfo *class_java_lang_Throwable;
+classinfo *class_java_lang_Cloneable;
+classinfo *class_java_io_Serializable;
+
+/* Pseudo classes for the typechecker */
+classinfo *pseudo_class_Arraystub = NULL;
+classinfo *pseudo_class_Null = NULL;
+classinfo *pseudo_class_New = NULL;
+vftbl *pseudo_class_Arraystub_vftbl = NULL;
 
 /* stefan */
 /* These are made static so they cannot be used for throwing in native */
@@ -111,6 +135,17 @@ static classinfo *class_java_lang_ArithmeticException;
 static classinfo *class_java_lang_ArrayStoreException;
 static classinfo *class_java_lang_ThreadDeath;
 
+utf *array_packagename = NULL;
+
+static int loader_inited = 0;
+
+
+/********************************************************************
+   list of classpath entries (either filesystem directories or 
+   ZIP/JAR archives
+********************************************************************/
+static classpath_info *classpath_entries=0;
+
 
 /******************************************************************************
 
@@ -119,17 +154,20 @@ static classinfo *class_java_lang_ThreadDeath;
    the one character type signature and the name of the primitive class
  
  ******************************************************************************/
+
+/* CAUTION: Don't change the order of the types. This table is indexed
+ * by the ARRAYTYPE_ constants (expcept ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT).
+ */
 primitivetypeinfo primitivetype_table[PRIMITIVETYPE_COUNT] = { 
-       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Integer",   'I', "int"     },
-       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Long",      'J', "long"    },
-       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Float",     'F', "float"   },
-       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Double",    'D', "double"  },
-       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Byte",      'B', "byte"    },
-       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Character", 'C', "char"    },
-       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Short",     'S', "short"   },
-       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Boolean",   'Z', "boolean" },
-       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Void",      'V', "void"    }
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Integer",   'I', "int"     , "[I", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Long",      'J', "long"    , "[J", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Float",     'F', "float"   , "[F", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Double",    'D', "double"  , "[D", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Byte",      'B', "byte"    , "[B", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Character", 'C', "char"    , "[C", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Short",     'S', "short"   , "[S", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Boolean",   'Z', "boolean" , "[Z", NULL, NULL },
+       { NULL, NULL, "java/lang/Void",      'V', "void"    , NULL, NULL, NULL }
 };
 
 
@@ -144,7 +182,6 @@ java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ArithmeticException;
 java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ArrayStoreException;
 java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ThreadDeath;
 
-
 /************* functions for reading classdata *********************************
 
     getting classdata in blocks of variable size
@@ -157,17 +194,29 @@ static u1 *classbuffer    = NULL;   /* pointer to buffer with classfile-data  */
 static u1 *classbuf_pos;            /* current position in classfile buffer   */
 static int classbuffer_size;        /* size of classfile-data                 */
 
+/* assert that at least <len> bytes are left to read */
+/* <len> is limited to the range of non-negative s4 values */
+#define ASSERT_LEFT(len)                                                                                               \
+       do {if ( ((s4)(len)) < 0                                                                                        \
+                        || ((classbuffer + classbuffer_size) - classbuf_pos - 1) < (len)) \
+                       panic("Unexpected end of classfile"); } while(0)
+
 /* transfer block of classfile data into a buffer */
 
-#define suck_nbytes(buffer,len) memcpy(buffer,classbuf_pos+1,len); \
-                                classbuf_pos+=len;
+#define suck_nbytes(buffer,len)                                                \
+       do {ASSERT_LEFT(len);                                                   \
+               memcpy(buffer,classbuf_pos+1,len);                      \
+               classbuf_pos+=len;} while (0)
 
 /* skip block of classfile data */
 
-#define skip_nbytes(len) classbuf_pos+=len;
+#define skip_nbytes(len)                                               \
+       do {ASSERT_LEFT(len);                                           \
+               classbuf_pos+=len;} while(0)
 
 inline u1 suck_u1()
 {
+       ASSERT_LEFT(1);
        return *++classbuf_pos;
 }
 inline u2 suck_u2()
@@ -187,14 +236,13 @@ inline u4 suck_u4()
 
 
 /* get u8 from classfile data */
-
-static u8 suck_u8 ()
+static u8 suck_u8()
 {
 #if U8_AVAILABLE
-       u8 lo,hi;
+       u8 lo, hi;
        hi = suck_u4();
        lo = suck_u4();
-       return (hi<<32) + lo;
+       return (hi << 32) + lo;
 #else
        u8 v;
        v.high = suck_u4();
@@ -203,19 +251,19 @@ static u8 suck_u8 ()
 #endif
 }
 
-/* get float from classfile data */
 
-static float suck_float ()
+/* get float from classfile data */
+static float suck_float()
 {
        float f;
 
 #if !WORDS_BIGENDIAN 
                u1 buffer[4];
                u2 i;
-               for (i=0; i<4; i++) buffer[3-i] = suck_u1 ();
-               memcpy ( (u1*) (&f), buffer, 4);
+               for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) buffer[3 - i] = suck_u1();
+               memcpy((u1*) (&f), buffer, 4);
 #else 
-               suck_nbytes ( (u1*) (&f), 4 );
+               suck_nbytes((u1*) (&f), 4);
 #endif
 
        PANICIF (sizeof(float) != 4, "Incompatible float-format");
@@ -223,18 +271,19 @@ static float suck_float ()
        return f;
 }
 
+
 /* get double from classfile data */
-static double suck_double ()
+static double suck_double()
 {
        double d;
 
 #if !WORDS_BIGENDIAN 
                u1 buffer[8];
                u2 i;   
-               for (i=0; i<8; i++) buffer[7-i] = suck_u1 ();
-               memcpy ( (u1*) (&d), buffer, 8);
+               for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) buffer[7 - i] = suck_u1 ();
+               memcpy((u1*) (&d), buffer, 8);
 #else 
-               suck_nbytes ( (u1*) (&d), 8 );
+               suck_nbytes((u1*) (&d), 8);
 #endif
 
        PANICIF (sizeof(double) != 8, "Incompatible double-format" );
@@ -242,18 +291,129 @@ static double suck_double ()
        return d;
 }
 
+
 /************************** function suck_init *********************************
 
        called once at startup, sets the searchpath for the classfiles
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void suck_init (char *cpath)
+void suck_init(char *cpath)
 {
+       char *filename=0;
+       char *start;
+       char *end;
+       int isZip;
+       int filenamelen;
+       union classpath_info *tmp;
+       union classpath_info *insertAfter=0;
+       if (!cpath) return;
        classpath   = cpath;
        classbuffer = NULL;
+       
+       if (classpath_entries) panic("suck_init should be called only once");
+       for(start=classpath;(*start)!='\0';) {
+               for (end=start; ((*end)!='\0') && ((*end)!=':') ; end++);
+               if (start!=end) {
+                       isZip=0;
+                       filenamelen=(end-start);
+                       if  (filenamelen>3) {
+                               if ( 
+                                       (
+                                               (
+                                                       ((*(end-1))=='p') ||
+                                                       ((*(end-1))=='P')
+                                               ) &&
+                                               (
+                                                       ((*(end-2))=='i') ||
+                                                       ((*(end-2))=='I')
+                                               ) &&
+                                               (
+                                                       ((*(end-3))=='z') ||
+                                                       ((*(end-3))=='Z')
+                                               )
+                                       ) ||
+                                       (
+                                               (
+                                                       ((*(end-1))=='r') ||
+                                                       ((*(end-1))=='R')
+                                               ) &&
+                                               (
+                                                       ((*(end-2))=='a') ||
+                                                       ((*(end-2))=='A')
+                                               ) &&
+                                               (
+                                                       ((*(end-3))=='j') ||
+                                                       ((*(end-3))=='J')
+                                               )
+                                       )
+                               ) isZip=1;
+#if 0
+                               if ( 
+                                       (  (  (*(end - 1)) == 'p') || ( (*(end - 1))  == 'P')) &&
+                                    (((*(end - 2)) == 'i') || ( (*(end - 2)) == 'I'))) &&
+                                        (( (*(end - 3)) == 'z') || ((*(end - 3)) == 'Z'))) 
+                               ) {
+                                       isZip=1;
+                               } else  if ( (( (*(end - 1)) == 'r') || ( (*(end - 1))  == 'R')) &&
+                                    ((*(end - 2)) == 'a') || ( (*(end - 2)) == 'A')) &&
+                                        (( (*(end - 3)) == 'j') || ((*(end - 3)) == 'J')) ) {
+                                       isZip=1;
+                               }
+#endif
+                       }
+                       if (filenamelen>=(CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME-1)) panic("path length >= MAXFILENAME in suck_init"); 
+                       if (!filename)
+                               filename=(char*)malloc(CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME);
+                       strncpy(filename,start,filenamelen);
+                       filename[filenamelen+1]='\0';
+                       tmp=0;
+
+                       if (isZip) {
+#ifdef USE_ZLIB
+                               unzFile uf=unzOpen(filename);
+                               if (uf) {
+                                       tmp=(union classpath_info*)malloc(sizeof(classpath_info));
+                                       tmp->archive.type=CLASSPATH_ARCHIVE;
+                                       tmp->archive.uf=uf;
+                                       tmp->archive.next=0;
+                                       filename=0;
+                               }
+#else
+                               panic("Zip/JAR not supported");
+#endif
+                               
+                       } else {
+                               tmp=(union classpath_info*)malloc(sizeof(classpath_info));
+                               tmp->filepath.type=CLASSPATH_PATH;
+                               tmp->filepath.next=0;
+                               if (filename[filenamelen-1]!='/') {/*PERHAPS THIS SHOULD BE READ FROM A GLOBAL CONFIGURATION */
+                                       filename[filenamelen]='/';
+                                       filename[filenamelen+1]='\0';
+                                       filenamelen++;
+                               }
+                       
+                               tmp->filepath.filename=filename;
+                               tmp->filepath.pathlen=filenamelen;                              
+                               filename=0;
+                       }
+
+               if (tmp) {
+                       if (insertAfter) {
+                               insertAfter->filepath.next=tmp;
+                       } else {
+                               classpath_entries=tmp;  
+                       }
+                       insertAfter=tmp;
+               }
+       }
+               if ((*end)==':') start=end+1; else start=end;
+       
+       
+       if (filename!=0) free(filename);
 }
 
+}
 
 /************************** function suck_start ********************************
 
@@ -264,81 +424,88 @@ void suck_init (char *cpath)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-
-bool suck_start (utf *classname) {
-
-#define MAXFILENAME 1000               /* maximum length of a filename           */
-       
-       char filename[MAXFILENAME+10];  /* room for '.class'                      */    
-       char *pathpos;                  /* position in searchpath                 */
-       char c, *utf_ptr;               /* pointer to the next utf8-character     */
+bool suck_start(utf *classname)
+{
+       classpath_info *currPos;
+       char *utf_ptr;
+       char c;
+       char filename[CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME+10];  /* room for '.class'                      */  
+       int  filenamelen=0;
        FILE *classfile;
-       int  filenamelen, err;
+       int  err;
        struct stat buffer;
-       
-       if (classbuffer)                /* classbuffer is already valid */
-               return true;
-
-       pathpos = classpath;
-       
-       while (*pathpos) {
-
-               /* skip path separator */
 
-               while (*pathpos == ':')
-                       pathpos++;
-               /* extract directory from searchpath */
+       if (classbuffer) return true; /* classbuffer is already valid */
 
-               filenamelen = 0;
-               while ((*pathpos) && (*pathpos!=':')) {
-                   PANICIF (filenamelen >= MAXFILENAME, "Filename too long") ;
-                       filename[filenamelen++] = *(pathpos++);
+       utf_ptr = classname->text;
+       while (utf_ptr < utf_end(classname)) {
+               PANICIF (filenamelen >= CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME, "Filename too long");
+               c = *utf_ptr++;
+               if ((c <= ' ' || c > 'z') && (c != '/'))     /* invalid character */
+                       c = '?';
+               filename[filenamelen++] = c;
+       }
+       strcpy(filename + filenamelen, ".class");
+       filenamelen+=6;
+       for (currPos=classpath_entries;currPos!=0;currPos=currPos->filepath.next) {
+#ifdef USE_ZLIB
+               if (currPos->filepath.type==CLASSPATH_ARCHIVE) {
+                       if (cacao_locate(currPos->archive.uf,classname) == UNZ_OK) {
+                               unz_file_info file_info;
+                               /*log_text("Class found in zip file");*/
+                               if (unzGetCurrentFileInfo(currPos->archive.uf, &file_info, filename,
+                                               sizeof(filename), NULL, 0, NULL, 0) == UNZ_OK) {
+                                       if (unzOpenCurrentFile(currPos->archive.uf) == UNZ_OK) {
+                                               classbuffer_size = file_info.uncompressed_size;                         
+                                               classbuffer      = MNEW(u1, classbuffer_size);
+                                               classbuf_pos     = classbuffer - 1;
+                                               /*printf("classfile size: %d\n",file_info.uncompressed_size);*/
+                                               if (unzReadCurrentFile(currPos->archive.uf, classbuffer, classbuffer_size) == classbuffer_size) {
+                                                       unzCloseCurrentFile(currPos->archive.uf);
+                                                       return true;
+                                               } else {
+                                                       MFREE(classbuffer, u1, classbuffer_size);
+                                                       log_text("Error while unzipping");
+                                               }
+                                       } else log_text("Error while opening file in archive");
+                               } else log_text("Error while retrieving fileinfo");
                        }
+                       unzCloseCurrentFile(currPos->archive.uf);
 
-               filename[filenamelen++] = '/';  
-   
-               /* add classname to filename */
-
-               utf_ptr = classname->text;
-               while (utf_ptr < utf_end(classname)) {
-                       PANICIF (filenamelen >= MAXFILENAME, "Filename too long");
-                       c = *utf_ptr++;
-                       if ((c <= ' ' || c > 'z') && (c != '/'))     /* invalid character */ 
-                               c = '?'; 
-                       filename[filenamelen++] = c;    
-                       }
-      
-               /* add suffix */
+               } else {
+#endif
+                       if ((currPos->filepath.pathlen+filenamelen)>=CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME) continue;
+                       strcpy(currPos->filepath.filename+currPos->filepath.pathlen,filename);
+                       classfile = fopen(currPos->filepath.filename, "r");
+                       if (classfile) {                                       /* file exists */
 
-               strcpy (filename+filenamelen, ".class");
+                               /* determine size of classfile */
 
-               classfile = fopen(filename, "r");
-               if (classfile) {                                       /* file exists */
-                       
-                       /* determine size of classfile */
+                               /* dolog("File: %s",filename); */
 
-                       err = stat (filename, &buffer);
+                               err = stat(currPos->filepath.filename, &buffer);
 
-                       if (!err) {                                /* read classfile data */                            
-                               classbuffer_size = buffer.st_size;                              
-                               classbuffer      = MNEW(u1, classbuffer_size);
-                               classbuf_pos     = classbuffer-1;
-                               fread(classbuffer, 1, classbuffer_size, classfile);
-                               fclose(classfile);
-                               return true;
+                               if (!err) {                                /* read classfile data */                            
+                                       classbuffer_size = buffer.st_size;                              
+                                       classbuffer      = MNEW(u1, classbuffer_size);
+                                       classbuf_pos     = classbuffer - 1;
+                                       fread(classbuffer, 1, classbuffer_size, classfile);
+                                       fclose(classfile);
+                                       return true;
+                               }
                        }
+#ifdef USE_ZLIB
                }
+#endif
        }
 
        if (verbose) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "Warning: Can not open class file '%s'", filename);
-               dolog();
+               dolog("Warning: Can not open class file '%s'", filename);
        }
 
        return false;
-}
 
+}
 
 /************************** function suck_stop *********************************
 
@@ -348,17 +515,18 @@ bool suck_start (utf *classname) {
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void suck_stop () {
-
+void suck_stop()
+{
        /* determine amount of classdata not retrieved by suck-operations         */
 
-       int classdata_left = ((classbuffer+classbuffer_size)-classbuf_pos-1);
+       int classdata_left = ((classbuffer + classbuffer_size) - classbuf_pos - 1);
 
-       if (classdata_left > 0) {               
+       if (classdata_left > 0) {
                /* surplus */           
-               sprintf (logtext,"There are %d access bytes at end of classfile",
-                        classdata_left);
-               dolog();
+               dolog("There are %d extra bytes at end of classfile",
+                               classdata_left);
+               /* The JVM spec disallows extra bytes. */
+               panic("Extra bytes at end of classfile");
        }
 
        /* free memory */
@@ -367,12 +535,11 @@ void suck_stop () {
        classbuffer = NULL;
 }
 
+
 /******************************************************************************/
 /******************* Some support functions ***********************************/
 /******************************************************************************/
 
-
-
 void fprintflags (FILE *fp, u2 f)
 {
    if ( f & ACC_PUBLIC )       fprintf (fp," PUBLIC");
@@ -388,8 +555,10 @@ void fprintflags (FILE *fp, u2 f)
    if ( f & ACC_ABSTRACT )     fprintf (fp," ABSTRACT");
 }
 
+
 /********** internal function: printflags  (only for debugging) ***************/
-void printflags (u2 f)
+
+void printflags(u2 f)
 {
    if ( f & ACC_PUBLIC )       printf (" PUBLIC");
    if ( f & ACC_PRIVATE )      printf (" PRIVATE");
@@ -411,12 +580,15 @@ void printflags (u2 f)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void skipattribute ()
+static void skipattribute()
 {
+       u4 len;
        suck_u2 ();
-       skip_nbytes(suck_u4()); 
+       len = suck_u4();
+       skip_nbytes(len);       
 }
 
+
 /********************** Function: skipattributebody ****************************
 
        skips an attribute after the 16 bit reference to attribute_name has already
@@ -424,35 +596,39 @@ static void skipattribute ()
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void skipattributebody ()
+static void skipattributebody()
 {
-       skip_nbytes(suck_u4());
+       u4 len;
+       len = suck_u4();
+       skip_nbytes(len);
 }
 
+
 /************************* Function: skipattributes ****************************
 
        skips num attribute structures
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void skipattributes (u4 num)
+static void skipattributes(u4 num)
 {
        u4 i;
        for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
                skipattribute();
 }
 
+
 /******************** function: innerclass_getconstant ************************
 
     like class_getconstant, but if cptags is ZERO null is returned                                      
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-voidptr innerclass_getconstant (classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype) 
+voidptr innerclass_getconstant(classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype) 
 {
        /* invalid position in constantpool */
-       if (pos >= c->cpcount) 
-               panic ("Attempt to access constant outside range");
+       if (pos >= c->cpcount)
+               panic("Attempt to access constant outside range");
 
        /* constantpool entry of type 0 */      
        if (!c->cptags[pos])
@@ -460,40 +636,42 @@ voidptr innerclass_getconstant (classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype)
 
        /* check type of constantpool entry */
        if (c->cptags[pos] != ctype) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "Type mismatch on constant: %d requested, %d here",
-                (int) ctype, (int) c->cptags[pos] );
-               error();
-               }
+               error("Type mismatch on constant: %d requested, %d here (innerclass_getconstant)",
+                         (int) ctype, (int) c->cptags[pos] );
+       }
                
        return c->cpinfos[pos];
 }
 
+
 /************************ function: attribute_load ****************************
 
     read attributes from classfile
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void attribute_load (u4 num, classinfo *c)
+static void attribute_load(u4 num, classinfo *c)
 {
-       u4 i,j;
+       u4 i, j;
 
        for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
-               /* retrieve attribute name */   
-               utf *aname = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+               /* retrieve attribute name */
+               utf *aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
-               if ( aname == utf_innerclasses)  {                      
+               if (aname == utf_innerclasses) {
                        /* innerclasses attribute */
+
+                       if (c->innerclass != NULL)
+                               panic("Class has more than one InnerClasses attribute");
                                
                        /* skip attribute length */                                             
                        suck_u4(); 
                        /* number of records */
                        c->innerclasscount = suck_u2();
                        /* allocate memory for innerclass structure */
-                       c->innerclass = MNEW (innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
+                       c->innerclass = MNEW(innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
 
-                       for (j=0;j<c->innerclasscount;j++) {
-                               
+                       for (j = 0; j < c->innerclasscount; j++) {
                                /*  The innerclass structure contains a class with an encoded name, 
                                    its defining scope, its simple name  and a bitmask of the access flags. 
                                    If an inner class is not a member, its outer_class is NULL, 
@@ -504,15 +682,17 @@ static void attribute_load (u4 num, classinfo *c)
                                info->inner_class = innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Class); /* CONSTANT_Class_info index */
                                info->outer_class = innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Class); /* CONSTANT_Class_info index */
                                info->name  = innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);        /* CONSTANT_Utf8_info index  */
-                               info->flags = suck_u2 ();                                                 /* access_flags bitmask      */
+                               info->flags = suck_u2();                                                  /* access_flags bitmask      */
                        }
+
                } else {
                        /* unknown attribute */
-                       skipattributebody ();
+                       skipattributebody();
                }
        }
 }
 
+
 /******************* function: checkfielddescriptor ****************************
 
        checks whether a field-descriptor is valid and aborts otherwise
@@ -522,76 +702,43 @@ static void attribute_load (u4 num, classinfo *c)
 
 static void checkfielddescriptor (char *utf_ptr, char *end_pos)
 {
+       class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr,end_pos,NULL,
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_NEW
+                                                 | CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE
+                                                 | CLASSLOAD_NOVOID
+                                                 | CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND);
+       
+       /* XXX use the following if -noverify */
+#if 0
        char *tstart;  /* pointer to start of classname */
        char ch;
-       
-       switch (*utf_ptr++) {
-       case 'B':
-       case 'C':
-       case 'I':
-       case 'S':
-       case 'Z':  
-       case 'J':  
-       case 'F':  
-       case 'D':
-               /* primitive type */  
-               break;
-
-       case 'L':
-               /* save start of classname */
-               tstart = utf_ptr;  
-               
-               /* determine length of classname */
-               while ( *utf_ptr++ != ';' )
-                       if (utf_ptr>=end_pos) 
-                               panic ("Missing ';' in objecttype-descriptor");
-
-               /* cause loading of referenced class */                 
-               class_new ( utf_new(tstart, utf_ptr-tstart-1) );
-               break;
-
-       case '[' : 
-               /* array type */
-               while ((ch = *utf_ptr++)=='[') 
-                       /* skip */ ;
-
-               /* component type of array */
-               switch (ch) {
-               case 'B':
-               case 'C':
-               case 'I':
-               case 'S':
-               case 'Z':  
-               case 'J':  
-               case 'F':  
-               case 'D':
-                       /* primitive type */  
-                       break;
-                       
-               case 'L':
-                       /* save start of classname */
-                       tstart = utf_ptr;
-                       
-                       /* determine length of classname */
-                       while ( *utf_ptr++ != ';' )
-                               if (utf_ptr>=end_pos) 
-                                       panic ("Missing ';' in objecttype-descriptor");
-
-                       /* cause loading of referenced class */                 
-                       class_new ( utf_new(tstart, utf_ptr-tstart-1) );
-                       break;
+       char *start = utf_ptr;
 
-               default:   
-                       panic ("Ill formed methodtype-descriptor");
-               }
-               break;
-                       
-       default:   
-               panic ("Ill formed methodtype-descriptor");
+       switch (*utf_ptr++) {
+         case 'B':
+         case 'C':
+         case 'I':
+         case 'S':
+         case 'Z':  
+         case 'J':  
+         case 'F':  
+         case 'D':
+                 /* primitive type */  
+                 break;
+                 
+         case '[':
+         case 'L':
+                 if (!class_from_descriptor(start,end_pos,&utf_ptr,CLASSLOAD_NEW))
+                         panic ("Ill formed descriptor");
+                 break;
+                 
+         default:   
+                 panic ("Ill formed descriptor");
        }                       
-
-        /* exceeding characters */             
+       
+       /* exceeding characters */              
        if (utf_ptr!=end_pos) panic ("descriptor has exceeding chars");
+#endif
 }
 
 
@@ -599,21 +746,54 @@ static void checkfielddescriptor (char *utf_ptr, char *end_pos)
 
     checks whether a method-descriptor is valid and aborts otherwise.
     All referenced classes are inserted into the list of unloaded classes.
+
+    The number of arguments is returned. A long or double argument is counted
+    as two arguments.
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void checkmethoddescriptor (utf *d)
+static int checkmethoddescriptor (utf *d)
 {
        char *utf_ptr = d->text;     /* current position in utf text   */
        char *end_pos = utf_end(d);  /* points behind utf string       */
-       char *tstart;                /* pointer to start of classname  */
-       char c,ch;
+       int argcount = 0;            /* number of arguments            */
 
        /* method descriptor must start with parenthesis */
-       if (*utf_ptr++ != '(') panic ("Missing '(' in method descriptor");
+       if (utf_ptr == end_pos || *utf_ptr++ != '(') panic ("Missing '(' in method descriptor");
+
+    /* check arguments */
+    while (utf_ptr != end_pos && *utf_ptr != ')') {
+               /* We cannot count the this argument here because
+                * we don't know if the method is static. */
+               if (*utf_ptr == 'J' || *utf_ptr == 'D')
+                       argcount+=2;
+               else
+                       argcount++;
+               class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr,end_pos,&utf_ptr,
+                                                         CLASSLOAD_NEW
+                                                         | CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE
+                                                         | CLASSLOAD_NOVOID);
+       }
+
+       if (utf_ptr == end_pos) panic("Missing ')' in method descriptor");
+    utf_ptr++; /* skip ')' */
 
+       class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr,end_pos,NULL,
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_NEW
+                                                 | CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE
+                                                 | CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND);
+
+       if (argcount > 255)
+               panic("Invalid method descriptor: too many arguments");
+
+       return argcount;
+
+       /* XXX use the following if -noverify */
+#if 0
        /* check arguments */
        while ((c = *utf_ptr++) != ')') {
+               start = utf_ptr-1;
+               
                switch (c) {
                case 'B':
                case 'C':
@@ -626,58 +806,15 @@ static void checkmethoddescriptor (utf *d)
                        /* primitive type */  
                        break;
 
+               case '[':
                case 'L':
-                       /* save start of classname */ 
-                       tstart = utf_ptr;
-                       
-                       /* determine length of classname */
-                       while ( *utf_ptr++ != ';' )
-                               if (utf_ptr>=end_pos) 
-                                       panic ("Missing ';' in objecttype-descriptor");
-                       
-                       /* cause loading of referenced class */
-                       class_new ( utf_new(tstart, utf_ptr-tstart-1) );
-                       break;
-          
-               case '[' :
-                       /* array type */ 
-                       while ((ch = *utf_ptr++)=='[') 
-                               /* skip */ ;
-
-                       /* component type of array */
-                       switch (ch) {
-                       case 'B':
-                       case 'C':
-                       case 'I':
-                       case 'S':
-                       case 'Z':  
-                       case 'J':  
-                       case 'F':  
-                       case 'D':
-                               /* primitive type */  
-                               break;
-
-                       case 'L':
-                               /* save start of classname */
-                               tstart = utf_ptr;
-                       
-                               /* determine length of classname */     
-                               while ( *utf_ptr++ != ';' )
-                                       if (utf_ptr>=end_pos) 
-                                               panic ("Missing ';' in objecttype-descriptor");
-
-                               /* cause loading of referenced class */
-                               class_new ( utf_new(tstart, utf_ptr-tstart-1) );
-                               break;
-
-                       default:   
-                               panic ("Ill formed methodtype-descriptor");
-                       } 
+                       if (!class_from_descriptor(start,end_pos,&utf_ptr,CLASSLOAD_NEW))
+                               panic ("Ill formed method descriptor");
                        break;
                        
                default:   
                        panic ("Ill formed methodtype-descriptor");
-               }                       
+               }
        }
 
        /* check returntype */
@@ -688,92 +825,47 @@ static void checkmethoddescriptor (utf *d)
        else
                /* treat as field-descriptor */
                checkfielddescriptor (utf_ptr,end_pos);
-}
-
-
-/******************** Function: buildarraydescriptor ***************************
-
-       creates a constant_arraydescriptor structure for the array type named by an
-       utf string
-       
-*******************************************************************************/
-
-constant_arraydescriptor * buildarraydescriptor(char *utf_ptr, u4 namelen)
-{
-       constant_arraydescriptor *d;
-       
-       if (*utf_ptr++ != '[') panic ("Attempt to build arraydescriptor for non-array");
-
-       d = NEW (constant_arraydescriptor);
-       d -> objectclass = NULL;
-       d -> elementdescriptor = NULL;
-
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_arraydescriptor);
 #endif
-
-       switch (*utf_ptr) {
-       case 'Z': d -> arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_BOOLEAN; break;
-       case 'B': d -> arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_BYTE; break;
-       case 'C': d -> arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_CHAR; break;
-       case 'D': d -> arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_DOUBLE; break;
-       case 'F': d -> arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_FLOAT; break;
-       case 'I': d -> arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_INT; break;
-       case 'J': d -> arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_LONG; break;
-       case 'S': d -> arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_SHORT; break;
-
-       case '[':
-               d -> arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_ARRAY; 
-               d -> elementdescriptor = buildarraydescriptor (utf_ptr, namelen-1);
-               break;
-               
-       case 'L':
-               d -> arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT;
-
-               d -> objectclass = class_new ( utf_new(utf_ptr+1, namelen-3) );
-                d -> objectclass  -> classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
-               d -> objectclass  -> impldBy = NULL;
-               break;
-       }
-       return d;
 }
 
 
-/******************* Function: freearraydescriptor *****************************
+/***************** Function: print_arraydescriptor ****************************
 
-       removes a structure created by buildarraydescriptor from memory
+       Debugging helper for displaying an arraydescriptor
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void freearraydescriptor (constant_arraydescriptor *d)
+void print_arraydescriptor(FILE *file, arraydescriptor *desc)
 {
-       while (d) {
-               constant_arraydescriptor *n = d->elementdescriptor;
-               FREE (d, constant_arraydescriptor);
-               d = n;
-               }
-}
-
-/*********************** Function: displayarraydescriptor *********************/
+       if (!desc) {
+               fprintf(file, "<NULL>");
+               return;
+       }
 
-static void displayarraydescriptor (constant_arraydescriptor *d)
-{
-       switch (d->arraytype) {
-       case ARRAYTYPE_BOOLEAN: printf ("boolean[]"); break;
-       case ARRAYTYPE_BYTE: printf ("byte[]"); break;
-       case ARRAYTYPE_CHAR: printf ("char[]"); break;
-       case ARRAYTYPE_DOUBLE: printf ("double[]"); break;
-       case ARRAYTYPE_FLOAT: printf ("float[]"); break;
-       case ARRAYTYPE_INT: printf ("int[]"); break;
-       case ARRAYTYPE_LONG: printf ("long[]"); break;
-       case ARRAYTYPE_SHORT: printf ("short[]"); break;
-       case ARRAYTYPE_ARRAY: displayarraydescriptor(d->elementdescriptor); printf("[]"); break;
-       case ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT: utf_display(d->objectclass->name); printf("[]"); break;
+       fprintf(file, "{");
+       if (desc->componentvftbl) {
+               if (desc->componentvftbl->class)
+                       utf_fprint(file, desc->componentvftbl->class->name);
+               else
+                       fprintf(file, "<no classinfo>");
+       }
+       else
+               fprintf(file, "0");
+               
+       fprintf(file, ",");
+       if (desc->elementvftbl) {
+               if (desc->elementvftbl->class)
+                       utf_fprint(file, desc->elementvftbl->class->name);
+               else
+                       fprintf(file, "<no classinfo>");
        }
+       else
+               fprintf(file, "0");
+       fprintf(file, ",%d,%d,%d,%d}", desc->arraytype, desc->dimension,
+                       desc->dataoffset, desc->componentsize);
 }
 
 
-
 /******************************************************************************/
 /**************************  Functions for fields  ****************************/
 /******************************************************************************/
@@ -787,100 +879,125 @@ static void displayarraydescriptor (constant_arraydescriptor *d)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void field_load (fieldinfo *f, classinfo *c)
+#define field_load_NOVALUE  0xffffffff /* must be bigger than any u2 value! */
+
+static void field_load(fieldinfo *f, classinfo *c)
 {
        u4 attrnum,i;
        u4 jtype;
+       u4 pindex = field_load_NOVALUE;                               /* constantvalue_index */
+
+       f->flags = suck_u2();                                           /* ACC flags         */
+       f->name = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);       /* name of field     */
+       f->descriptor = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8); /* JavaVM descriptor */
+       
+       if (opt_verify) {
+               /* check name */
+               if (!is_valid_name_utf(f->name) || f->name->text[0] == '<')
+                       panic("Field with invalid name");
+               
+               /* check flag consistency */
+               i = (f->flags & (ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_PROTECTED));
+               if (i != 0 && i != ACC_PUBLIC && i != ACC_PRIVATE && i != ACC_PROTECTED)
+                       panic("Field has invalid access flags");
+               if ((f->flags & (ACC_FINAL | ACC_VOLATILE)) == (ACC_FINAL | ACC_VOLATILE))
+                       panic("Field is declared final and volatile");
+               if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0) {
+                       if ((f->flags & (ACC_STATIC | ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL))
+                               != (ACC_STATIC | ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL))
+                               panic("Interface field is not declared static final public");
+                       if ((f->flags & ACC_TRANSIENT) != 0)
+                               panic("Interface field declared transient");
+               }
 
-       f -> flags = suck_u2 ();                                           /* ACC flags                   */
-       f -> name = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);       /* name of field               */
-       f -> descriptor = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8); /* JavaVM descriptor           */
-       f -> type = jtype = desc_to_type (f->descriptor);                  /* data type                   */
-       f -> offset = 0;                                                   /* offset from start of object */
+               /* check descriptor */
+               checkfielddescriptor(f->descriptor->text,utf_end(f->descriptor));
+       }
+               
+       f->type = jtype = desc_to_type(f->descriptor);                      /* data type         */
+       f->offset = 0;                                                            /* offset from start of object */
+       f->class = c;
        f->xta = NULL;
        
        switch (f->type) {
        case TYPE_INT:        f->value.i = 0; break;
        case TYPE_FLOAT:      f->value.f = 0.0; break;
        case TYPE_DOUBLE:     f->value.d = 0.0; break;
-       case TYPE_ADDRESS:    f->value.a = NULL;                              
-                             heap_addreference (&(f->value.a));           /* make global reference (GC)  */    
-                             break;
+       case TYPE_ADDRESS:    f->value.a = NULL; break;
        case TYPE_LONG:
 #if U8_AVAILABLE
                f->value.l = 0; break;
 #else
                f->value.l.low = 0; f->value.l.high = 0; break;
-#endif 
+#endif
        }
 
        /* read attributes */
        attrnum = suck_u2();
-       for (i=0; i<attrnum; i++) {
-               u4 pindex;
+       for (i = 0; i < attrnum; i++) {
                utf *aname;
 
-               aname = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+               aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
                
-               if ( aname != utf_constantvalue ) {
+               if (aname != utf_constantvalue) {
                        /* unknown attribute */
-                       skipattributebody ();
-                       }
-               else {
+                       skipattributebody();
+
+               else {
                        /* constant value attribute */
+
+                       if (pindex != field_load_NOVALUE)
+                               panic("Field has more than one ConstantValue attribute");
+                       
+                       /* check attribute length */
+                       if (suck_u4() != 2)
+                               panic("ConstantValue attribute has invalid length");
                        
-                       /* skip attribute length */
-                       suck_u4();
                        /* index of value in constantpool */            
                        pindex = suck_u2();
                
                        /* initialize field with value from constantpool */             
                        switch (jtype) {
-                               case TYPE_INT: {
-                                       constant_integer *ci = 
-                                               class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Integer);
-                                       f->value.i = ci -> value;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+                       case TYPE_INT: {
+                               constant_integer *ci = 
+                                       class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Integer);
+                               f->value.i = ci->value;
+                       }
+                       break;
                                        
-                               case TYPE_LONG: {
-                                       constant_long *cl = 
-                                          class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Long);
-       
-                                       f->value.l = cl -> value;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+                       case TYPE_LONG: {
+                               constant_long *cl = 
+                                       class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Long);
+                               f->value.l = cl->value;
+                       }
+                       break;
 
-                               case TYPE_FLOAT: {
-                                       constant_float *cf = 
-                                           class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Float);
-       
-                                       f->value.f = cf->value;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+                       case TYPE_FLOAT: {
+                               constant_float *cf = 
+                                       class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Float);
+                               f->value.f = cf->value;
+                       }
+                       break;
                                                                                        
-                               case TYPE_DOUBLE: {
-                                       constant_double *cd = 
-                                           class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Double);
-       
-                                       f->value.d = cd->value;
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+                       case TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+                               constant_double *cd = 
+                                       class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_Double);
+                               f->value.d = cd->value;
+                       }
+                       break;
                                                
-                               case TYPE_ADDRESS: { 
-                                       utf *u = class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_String);
-                                       /* create javastring from compressed utf8-string */                                     
-                                       f->value.a = literalstring_new(u);
-                                       }
-                                       break;
+                       case TYPE_ADDRESS: { 
+                               utf *u = class_getconstant(c, pindex, CONSTANT_String);
+                               /* create javastring from compressed utf8-string */                                     
+                               f->value.a = literalstring_new(u);
+                       }
+                       break;
        
-                               default: 
-                                       log_text ("Invalid Constant - Type");
-
-                               }
-
+                       default: 
+                               log_text ("Invalid Constant - Type");
                        }
                }
+       }
 }
 
 
@@ -894,15 +1011,15 @@ static void field_free (fieldinfo *f)
 
 /**************** Function: field_display (debugging only) ********************/
 
-void field_display (fieldinfo *f)
+void field_display(fieldinfo *f)
 {
-       printf ("   ");
-       printflags (f -> flags);
-       printf (" ");
-       utf_display (f -> name);
-       printf (" ");
-       utf_display (f -> descriptor);  
-       printf (" offset: %ld\n", (long int) (f -> offset) );
+       printf("   ");
+       printflags(f->flags);
+       printf(" ");
+       utf_display(f->name);
+       printf(" ");
+       utf_display(f->descriptor);     
+       printf(" offset: %ld\n", (long int) (f->offset));
 }
 
 
@@ -920,123 +1037,188 @@ void field_display (fieldinfo *f)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void method_load (methodinfo *m, classinfo *c)
+static void method_load(methodinfo *m, classinfo *c)
 {
-       u4 attrnum,i,e;
+       u4 attrnum, i, e;
+       int argcount;
        
 #ifdef STATISTICS
        count_all_methods++;
 #endif
 
-       m -> class = c;
+       m->class = c;
        
-       m -> flags = suck_u2 ();
-       m -> name =  class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
-       m -> descriptor = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+       m->flags = suck_u2();
+       m->name = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+
+       if (opt_verify) {
+               if (!is_valid_name_utf(m->name))
+                       panic("Method with invalid name");
+               if (m->name->text[0] == '<'
+                       && m->name != utf_init && m->name != utf_clinit)
+                       panic("Method with invalid special name");
+       }
        
-       m -> jcode = NULL;
-       m -> exceptiontable = NULL;
-       m -> entrypoint = NULL;
-       m -> mcode = NULL;
-       m -> stubroutine = NULL;
-        m -> methodUsed = NOTUSED;    
-        m -> monoPoly = MONO;    
-       m -> subRedefs = 0;
-       m -> subRedefsUsed = 0;
+       m->descriptor = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+       argcount = checkmethoddescriptor(m->descriptor);
+       if ((m->flags & ACC_STATIC) == 0)
+               argcount++; /* count the 'this' argument */
+
+       if (opt_verify) {
+               if (argcount > 255)
+                       panic("Method has more than 255 arguments");
+
+               /* check flag consistency */
+               if (m->name != utf_clinit) {
+                       i = (m->flags & (ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_PROTECTED));
+                       if (i != 0 && i != ACC_PUBLIC && i != ACC_PRIVATE && i != ACC_PROTECTED)
+                               panic("Method has invalid access flags");
+                       if ((m->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) != 0) {
+                               if ((m->flags & (ACC_FINAL | ACC_NATIVE | ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_STATIC
+                                                                | ACC_STRICT | ACC_SYNCHRONIZED)) != 0)
+                                       panic("Abstract method has invalid flags set");
+                       }
+                       if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0) {
+                               if ((m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_PUBLIC))
+                                       != (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_PUBLIC))
+                                       panic("Interface method is not declared abstract and public");
+                       }
+                       if (m->name == utf_init) {
+                               if ((m->flags & (ACC_STATIC | ACC_FINAL | ACC_SYNCHRONIZED
+                                                                | ACC_NATIVE | ACC_ABSTRACT)) != 0)
+                                       panic("Instance initialization method has invalid flags set");
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+               
+       m->jcode = NULL;
+       m->exceptiontable = NULL;
+       m->entrypoint = NULL;
+       m->mcode = NULL;
+       m->stubroutine = NULL;
+       m->methodUsed = NOTUSED;    
+       m->monoPoly = MONO;    
+       m->subRedefs = 0;
+       m->subRedefsUsed = 0;
 
        m->xta = NULL;
        
-       if (! (m->flags & ACC_NATIVE) ) {
-               m -> stubroutine = createcompilerstub (m);
-               }
-       else {
+       if (!(m->flags & ACC_NATIVE)) {
+               m->stubroutine = createcompilerstub(m);
 
-               functionptr f = native_findfunction 
-                      (c->name, m->name, m->descriptor, (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) != 0);
+       } else {
+               functionptr f = native_findfunction(c->name, m->name, m->descriptor, 
+                                                                                       (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) != 0);
                if (f) {
-                       m -> stubroutine = createnativestub (f, m);
-                       }
+                       m->stubroutine = createnativestub(f, m);
                }
+       }
        
        
        attrnum = suck_u2();
-       for (i=0; i<attrnum; i++) {
+       for (i = 0; i < attrnum; i++) {
                utf *aname;
 
-               aname = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+               aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
-               if ( aname != utf_code)  {
-                       skipattributebody ();
-                       }
-               else {
-                       if (m -> jcode) panic ("Two code-attributes for one method!");
+               if (aname != utf_code) {
+                       skipattributebody();
+
+               } else {
+                       u4 codelen;
+                       if ((m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_NATIVE)) != 0)
+                               panic("Code attribute for native or abstract method");
                        
+                       if (m->jcode)
+                               panic("Method has more than one Code attribute");
+
                        suck_u4();
-                       m -> maxstack = suck_u2();
-                       m -> maxlocals = suck_u2();
-                       m -> jcodelength = suck_u4();
-                       m -> jcode = MNEW (u1, m->jcodelength);
-                       suck_nbytes (m->jcode, m->jcodelength);
-                       m -> exceptiontablelength = suck_u2 ();
-                       m -> exceptiontable = 
-                          MNEW (exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
+                       m->maxstack = suck_u2();
+                       m->maxlocals = suck_u2();
+                       if (m->maxlocals < argcount)
+                               panic("max_locals is smaller than the number of arguments");
+                       
+                       codelen = suck_u4();
+                       if (codelen == 0)
+                               panic("bytecode has zero length");
+                       if (codelen > 65536)
+                               panic("bytecode too long");
+                       m->jcodelength = codelen;
+                       m->jcode = MNEW(u1, m->jcodelength);
+                       suck_nbytes(m->jcode, m->jcodelength);
+                       m->exceptiontablelength = suck_u2();
+                       m->exceptiontable = 
+                               MNEW(exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
 
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vmcode_len += m->jcodelength + 18;
-       count_extable_len += 8 * m->exceptiontablelength;
+                       count_vmcode_len += m->jcodelength + 18;
+                       count_extable_len += 8 * m->exceptiontablelength;
 #endif
 
-                       for (e=0; e < m->exceptiontablelength; e++) {
+                       for (e = 0; e < m->exceptiontablelength; e++) {
                                u4 idx;
-                               m -> exceptiontable[e].startpc = suck_u2();
-                               m -> exceptiontable[e].endpc = suck_u2();
-                               m -> exceptiontable[e].handlerpc = suck_u2();
+                               m->exceptiontable[e].startpc = suck_u2();
+                               m->exceptiontable[e].endpc = suck_u2();
+                               m->exceptiontable[e].handlerpc = suck_u2();
 
                                idx = suck_u2();
-                               if (!idx) m -> exceptiontable[e].catchtype = NULL;
-                               else {
-                                       m -> exceptiontable[e].catchtype = 
-                                     class_getconstant (c, idx, CONSTANT_Class);
-                                       }
-                               }                       
+                               if (!idx) {
+                                       m->exceptiontable[e].catchtype = NULL;
 
-                       skipattributes ( suck_u2() );
-                       }
-                       
+                               } else {
+                                       m->exceptiontable[e].catchtype = 
+                                     class_getconstant(c, idx, CONSTANT_Class);
+                               }
+                       }                       
+
+                       skipattributes(suck_u2());
                }
+       }
 
+       if (!m->jcode && (m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_NATIVE)) == 0)
+               panic("Method missing Code attribute");
 }
 
+
 /********************* Function: method_free ***********************************
 
        frees all memory that was allocated for this method
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void method_free (methodinfo *m)
+static void method_free(methodinfo *m)
 {
-       if (m->jcode) MFREE (m->jcode, u1, m->jcodelength);
-       if (m->exceptiontable) 
-               MFREE (m->exceptiontable, exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
-       if (m->mcode) CFREE (m->mcode, m->mcodelength);
+       if (m->jcode)
+               MFREE(m->jcode, u1, m->jcodelength);
+
+       if (m->exceptiontable)
+               MFREE(m->exceptiontable, exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
+
+       if (m->mcode)
+               CFREE(m->mcode, m->mcodelength);
+
        if (m->stubroutine) {
-               if (m->flags & ACC_NATIVE) removenativestub (m->stubroutine);
-               else                       removecompilerstub (m->stubroutine);
+               if (m->flags & ACC_NATIVE) {
+                       removenativestub(m->stubroutine);
+
+               } else {
+                       removecompilerstub(m->stubroutine);
                }
+       }
 }
 
 
 /************** Function: method_display  (debugging only) **************/
 
-void method_display (methodinfo *m)
+void method_display(methodinfo *m)
 {
-       printf ("   ");
-       printflags (m -> flags);
-       printf (" ");
-       utf_display (m -> name);
-       printf (" "); 
-       utf_display (m -> descriptor);
-       printf ("\n");
+       printf("   ");
+       printflags(m->flags);
+       printf(" ");
+       utf_display(m->name);
+       printf(" "); 
+       utf_display(m->descriptor);
+       printf("\n");
 }
 
 
@@ -1070,18 +1252,20 @@ static bool method_canoverwrite (methodinfo *m, methodinfo *old)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-voidptr class_getconstant (classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype) 
+voidptr class_getconstant(classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype)
 {
-       /* invalid position in constantpool */  
-       if (pos >= c->cpcount) 
-               panic ("Attempt to access constant outside range");
+       /* invalid position in constantpool */
+       /* (pos == 0 is caught by type comparison) */
+       if (pos >= c->cpcount)
+               panic("Attempt to access constant outside range");
 
        /* check type of constantpool entry */
+
        if (c->cptags[pos] != ctype) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "Type mismatch on constant: %d requested, %d here",
-                (int) ctype, (int) c->cptags[pos] );
-               error();
-               }
+               class_showconstantpool(c);
+               error("Type mismatch on constant: %d requested, %d here (class_getconstant)",
+                         (int) ctype, (int) c->cptags[pos]);
+       }
                
        return c->cpinfos[pos];
 }
@@ -1093,10 +1277,11 @@ voidptr class_getconstant (classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-u4 class_constanttype (classinfo *c, u4 pos)
+u4 class_constanttype(classinfo *c, u4 pos)
 {
-       if (pos >= c->cpcount) 
-               panic ("Attempt to access constant outside range");
+       if (pos >= c->cpcount)
+               panic("Attempt to access constant outside range");
+
        return c->cptags[pos];
 }
 
@@ -1110,7 +1295,7 @@ u4 class_constanttype (classinfo *c, u4 pos)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
+static void class_loadcpool(classinfo *c)
 {
 
        /* The following structures are used to save information which cannot be 
@@ -1158,12 +1343,15 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
        forward_nameandtype *forward_nameandtypes = NULL;
        forward_fieldmethint *forward_fieldmethints = NULL;
 
-       /* number of entries in the constant_pool table  */
+       /* number of entries in the constant_pool table plus one */
        u4 cpcount       = c -> cpcount = suck_u2();
        /* allocate memory */
        u1 *cptags       = c -> cptags  = MNEW (u1, cpcount);
        voidptr *cpinfos = c -> cpinfos = MNEW (voidptr, cpcount);
 
+       if (!cpcount)
+               panic("Invalid constant_pool_count (0)");
+       
 #ifdef STATISTICS
        count_const_pool_len += (sizeof(voidptr) + 1) * cpcount;
 #endif
@@ -1289,6 +1477,8 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
                                cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Long;
                                cpinfos [idx] = cl;
                                idx += 2;
+                               if (idx > cpcount)
+                                       panic("Long constant exceeds constant pool");
                                break;
                                }
                        
@@ -1303,6 +1493,8 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
                                cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Double;
                                cpinfos [idx] = cd;
                                idx += 2;
+                               if (idx > cpcount)
+                                       panic("Double constant exceeds constant pool");
                                break;
                                }
                                
@@ -1311,6 +1503,14 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
                                /* number of bytes in the bytes array (not string-length) */
                                u4 length = suck_u2();
                                cptags [idx]  = CONSTANT_Utf8;
+                               /* validate the string */
+                               ASSERT_LEFT(length);
+                               if (opt_verify &&
+                                       !is_valid_utf(classbuf_pos+1, classbuf_pos+1+length))
+                               {
+                                       dolog("Invalid UTF-8 string (constant pool index %d)",idx);
+                                       panic("Invalid UTF-8 string");
+                               }
                                /* insert utf-string into the utf-symboltable */
                                cpinfos [idx] = utf_new(classbuf_pos+1, length);
                                /* skip bytes of the string */
@@ -1320,8 +1520,7 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
                                }
                                                                                
                        default:
-                               sprintf (logtext, "Unkown constant type: %d",(int) t);
-                               error ();
+                               error ("Unkown constant type: %d",(int) t);
                
                        }  /* end switch */
                        
@@ -1334,21 +1533,14 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
        while (forward_classes) {
                utf *name =
                  class_getconstant (c, forward_classes -> name_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
-               
-               if ( (name->blength>0) && (name->text[0]=='[') ) {
-                       /* check validity of descriptor */
-                       checkfielddescriptor (name->text, utf_end(name)); 
 
-                       cptags  [forward_classes -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_Arraydescriptor;
-                       cpinfos [forward_classes -> thisindex] = 
-                          buildarraydescriptor(name->text, name->blength);
+               if (opt_verify && !is_valid_name_utf(name))
+                       panic("Class reference with invalid name");
+
+               cptags  [forward_classes -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_Class;
+               /* retrieve class from class-table */
+               cpinfos [forward_classes -> thisindex] = class_new (name);
 
-                       }
-               else {                                  
-                       cptags  [forward_classes -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_Class;
-                       /* retrieve class from class-table */
-                       cpinfos [forward_classes -> thisindex] = class_new (name);
-                       }
                forward_classes = forward_classes -> next;
                
                }
@@ -1356,7 +1548,11 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
        while (forward_strings) {
                utf *text = 
                  class_getconstant (c, forward_strings -> string_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
-       
+/*
+               log_text("forward_string:");
+               printf( "classpoolid: %d\n",forward_strings -> thisindex);
+               utf_display(text);
+               log_text("\n------------------"); */
                /* resolve utf-string */                
                cptags   [forward_strings -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_String;
                cpinfos  [forward_strings -> thisindex] = text;
@@ -1376,7 +1572,16 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
                   (c, forward_nameandtypes -> name_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
                cn -> descriptor = class_getconstant
                   (c, forward_nameandtypes -> sig_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
-                
+
+               if (opt_verify) {
+                       /* check name */
+                       if (!is_valid_name_utf(cn->name))
+                               panic("NameAndType with invalid name");
+                       /* disallow referencing <clinit> among others */
+                       if (cn->name->text[0] == '<' && cn->name != utf_init)
+                               panic("NameAndType with invalid special name");
+               }
+
                cptags   [forward_nameandtypes -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_NameAndType;
                cpinfos  [forward_nameandtypes -> thisindex] = cn;
                
@@ -1395,6 +1600,21 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
                nat = class_getconstant
                        (c, forward_fieldmethints -> nameandtype_index, CONSTANT_NameAndType);
 
+#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG
+               log_text("trying to resolve:");
+               log_text(nat->name->text);
+               switch(forward_fieldmethints ->tag) {
+               case CONSTANT_Fieldref: 
+                               log_text("CONSTANT_Fieldref");
+                               break;
+               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: 
+                               log_text("CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref");
+                               break;
+               case CONSTANT_Methodref: 
+                               log_text("CONSTANT_Methodref");
+                               break;
+               }
+#endif
                fmi -> class = class_getconstant 
                        (c, forward_fieldmethints -> class_index, CONSTANT_Class);
                fmi -> name = nat -> name;
@@ -1417,6 +1637,7 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
 
                }
 
+/*     class_showconstantpool(c); */
 
        dump_release (dumpsize);
 }
@@ -1435,7 +1656,7 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static int class_load (classinfo *c)
+static int class_load(classinfo *c)
 {
        u4 i;
        u4 mi,ma;
@@ -1446,15 +1667,16 @@ static int class_load (classinfo *c)
 
        /* output for debugging purposes */
        if (loadverbose) {              
-
-               sprintf (logtext, "Loading class: ");
-               utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name );
-               dolog();
-               }
+               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+               sprintf(logtext, "Loading class: ");
+               utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+               log_text(logtext);
+       }
        
        /* load classdata, throw exception on error */
-       if (!suck_start (c->name)) {
-               throw_classnotfoundexception();            
+
+       if (!suck_start(c->name)) {
+               throw_noclassdeffounderror_message(c->name);
                return false;
        }
        
@@ -1464,68 +1686,191 @@ static int class_load (classinfo *c)
        mi = suck_u2(); 
        ma = suck_u2();
        if (ma != MAJOR_VERSION && (ma != MAJOR_VERSION+1 || mi != 0)) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "File version %d.%d is not supported",
-                                (int) ma, (int) mi);
-               error();
-               }
-
+               error("File version %d.%d is not supported", (int) ma, (int) mi);
+       }
 
-       class_loadcpool (c);
-       
-        c -> classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
-       c -> impldBy = NULL;
+       class_loadcpool(c);
+       /*JOWENN*/
+       c->erroneous_state = 0;
+       c->initializing_thread = 0;     
+       /*JOWENN*/
+       c->classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
+       c->impldBy = NULL;
 
        /* ACC flags */
-       c -> flags = suck_u2 (); 
+       c->flags = suck_u2(); 
+       /*if (!(c->flags & ACC_PUBLIC)) { log_text("CLASS NOT PUBLIC"); } JOWENN*/
+
+       /* check ACC flags consistency */
+       if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0) {
+               if ((c->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) == 0) {
+                       /* We work around this because interfaces in JDK 1.1 are
+                        * not declared abstract. */
+
+                       c->flags |= ACC_ABSTRACT;
+                       /* panic("Interface class not declared abstract"); */
+               }
+               if ((c->flags & (ACC_FINAL | ACC_SUPER)) != 0)
+                       panic("Interface class has invalid flags");
+       }
+       if ((c->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL)) == (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL))
+               panic("Class is declared both abstract and final");
+
        /* this class */
-       suck_u2 ();       
+       i = suck_u2();
+       if (class_getconstant(c, i, CONSTANT_Class) != c)
+               panic("Invalid this_class in class file");
        
        /* retrieve superclass */
-       if ( (i = suck_u2 () ) ) {
-               c -> super = class_getconstant (c, i, CONSTANT_Class);
-               }
-       else {
-               c -> super = NULL;
+       if ((i = suck_u2())) {
+               c->super = class_getconstant(c, i, CONSTANT_Class);
+
+               /* java.lang.Object may not have a super class. */
+               if (c->name == utf_java_lang_Object)
+                       panic("java.lang.Object with super class");
+
+               /* Interfaces must have j.l.O as super class. */
+               if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0
+                       && c->super->name != utf_java_lang_Object)
+               {
+                       panic("Interface with super class other than java.lang.Object");
                }
+       } else {
+               c->super = NULL;
+
+               /* This is only allowed for java.lang.Object. */
+               if (c->name != utf_java_lang_Object)
+                       panic("Class (not java.lang.Object) without super class");
+       }
                         
        /* retrieve interfaces */
-       c -> interfacescount = suck_u2 ();
-       c -> interfaces = MNEW (classinfo*, c -> interfacescount);
-       for (i=0; i < c -> interfacescount; i++) {
-               c -> interfaces [i] = 
-                     class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Class);
-               }
+       c->interfacescount = suck_u2();
+       c->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
+       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
+               c->interfaces [i] = 
+                       class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Class);
+       }
 
        /* load fields */
-       c -> fieldscount = suck_u2 ();
-       c -> fields = GCNEW (fieldinfo, c -> fieldscount);
-       for (i=0; i < c -> fieldscount; i++) {
-               field_load (&(c->fields[i]), c);
-               }
+       c->fieldscount = suck_u2();
+/*     utf_display(c->name);
+       printf(" ,Fieldscount: %d\n",c->fieldscount);*/
+
+       c->fields = GCNEW(fieldinfo, c->fieldscount);
+       for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++) {
+               field_load(&(c->fields[i]), c);
+       }
 
        /* load methods */
-       c -> methodscount = suck_u2 ();
-       c -> methods = MNEW (methodinfo, c -> methodscount);
-       for (i=0; i < c -> methodscount; i++) {
-               method_load (&(c -> methods [i]), c);
+       c->methodscount = suck_u2();
+       c->methods = MNEW(methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+       for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
+               method_load(&(c->methods[i]), c);
+       }
+
+       /* Check if all fields and methods can be uniquely
+        * identified by (name,descriptor). */
+       if (opt_verify) {
+               /* We use a hash table here to avoid making the
+                * average case quadratic in # of methods, fields.
+                */
+               static int shift = 0;
+               u2 *hashtab;
+               u2 *next; /* for chaining colliding hash entries */
+               size_t len;
+               size_t hashlen;
+               u2 index;
+               u2 old;
+
+               /* Allocate hashtable */
+               len = c->methodscount;
+               if (len < c->fieldscount) len = c->fieldscount;
+               hashlen = 5 * len;
+               hashtab = MNEW(u2,(hashlen + len));
+               next = hashtab + hashlen;
+
+               /* Determine bitshift (to get good hash values) */
+               if (!shift) {
+                       len = sizeof(utf);
+                       while (len) {
+                               len >>= 1;
+                               shift++;
+                       }
                }
 
+               /* Check fields */
+               memset(hashtab,0,sizeof(u2) * (hashlen + len));
+               for (i = 0; i<c->fieldscount; ++i) {
+                       fieldinfo *fi = c->fields + i;
+                       /* It's ok if we lose bits here */
+                       index = ((((size_t)fi->name) + ((size_t)fi->descriptor)) >> shift)
+                                 % hashlen;
+                       if ((old = hashtab[index]) != 0) {
+                               old--;
+                               /* dolog("HASHHIT %d --> %d",index,old); */
+                               next[i] = old;
+                               do {
+                                       /* dolog("HASHCHECK %d",old); */
+                                       if (c->fields[old].name == fi->name
+                                               && c->fields[old].descriptor == fi->descriptor)
+                                       {
+                                               dolog("Duplicate field (%d,%d):",i,old);
+                                               log_utf(fi->name); log_utf(fi->descriptor);
+                                               panic("Fields with same name and descriptor");
+                                       }
+                               } while ((old = next[old]) != 0);
+                       }
+                       /* else dolog("HASHLUCKY"); */
+                       hashtab[index] = i+1;
+               }
+               
+               /* Check methods */
+               memset(hashtab,0,sizeof(u2) * (hashlen + len));
+               for (i = 0; i<c->methodscount; ++i) {
+                       methodinfo *mi = c->methods + i;
+                       /* It's ok if we lose bits here */
+                       index = ((((size_t)mi->name) + ((size_t)mi->descriptor)) >> shift)
+                                 % hashlen;
+                       if ((old = hashtab[index]) != 0) {
+                               old--;
+                               /* dolog("HASHHIT %d --> %d",index,old); */
+                               next[i] = old;
+                               do {
+                                       /* dolog("HASHCHECK %d",old); */
+                                       if (c->methods[old].name == mi->name
+                                               && c->methods[old].descriptor == mi->descriptor)
+                                       {
+                                               dolog("Duplicate method (%d,%d):",i,old);
+                                               log_utf(mi->name); log_utf(mi->descriptor);
+                                               panic("Methods with same name and descriptor");
+                                       }
+                               } while ((old = next[old]) != 0);
+                       }
+                       /* else dolog("HASHLUCKY"); */
+                       hashtab[index] = i+1;
+               }
+               
+               MFREE(hashtab,u2,(hashlen + len));
+       }
+
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(classinfo*) * c -> interfacescount;
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(fieldinfo) * c -> fieldscount;
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(methodinfo) * c -> methodscount;
+       count_class_infos += sizeof(classinfo*) * c->interfacescount;
+       count_class_infos += sizeof(fieldinfo) * c->fieldscount;
+       count_class_infos += sizeof(methodinfo) * c->methodscount;
 #endif
 
        /* load variable-length attribute structures */ 
-       attribute_load (suck_u2(), c);
+       attribute_load(suck_u2(), c);
 
        /* free memory */
-       suck_stop ();
+       suck_stop();
 
        /* remove class from list of unloaded classes and 
           add to list of unlinked classes                */
-       list_remove (&unloadedclasses, c);
-       list_addlast (&unlinkedclasses, c);
+       list_remove(&unloadedclasses, c);
+       list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, c);
+
+       c->loaded = true;
 
        return true;
 }
@@ -1539,22 +1884,24 @@ static int class_load (classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static s4 class_highestinterface (classinfo *c) 
+static s4 class_highestinterface(classinfo *c) 
 {
        s4 h;
        s4 i;
        
-       if ( ! (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) ) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "Interface-methods count requested for non-interface:  ");
-       utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name);
-       error();
-       }
+       if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
+               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+               sprintf(logtext, "Interface-methods count requested for non-interface:  ");
+       utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+       error("%s",logtext);
+       }
     
     h = c->index;
-       for (i=0; i<c->interfacescount; i++) {
-               s4 h2 = class_highestinterface (c->interfaces[i]);
-               if (h2>h) h=h2;
-               }
+       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
+               s4 h2 = class_highestinterface(c->interfaces[i]);
+               if (h2 > h) h = h2;
+       }
+
        return h;
 }
 
@@ -1613,6 +1960,200 @@ static void class_addinterface (classinfo *c, classinfo *ic)
 }
 
 
+/******************* Function: class_new_array *********************************
+
+    This function is called by class_new to setup an array class.
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+void class_new_array(classinfo *c)
+{
+       classinfo *comp = NULL;
+       methodinfo *clone;
+       int namelen;
+
+       /* DEBUG */ /* dolog("class_new_array: %s",c->name->text); */
+
+       /* Array classes are not loaded from classfiles. */
+       list_remove(&unloadedclasses, c);
+
+       /* Check array class name */
+       namelen = c->name->blength;
+       if (namelen < 2 || c->name->text[0] != '[')
+               panic("Invalid array class name");
+
+       /* Check the component type */
+       switch (c->name->text[1]) {
+         case '[':
+                 /* c is an array of arrays. We have to create the component class. */
+                 comp = class_new(utf_new(c->name->text + 1,namelen - 1));
+                 break;
+
+         case 'L':
+                 /* c is an array of objects. */
+                 if (namelen < 4 || c->name->text[namelen - 1] != ';')
+                         panic("Invalid array class name");
+                 comp = class_new(utf_new(c->name->text + 2,namelen - 3));
+                 break;
+       }
+
+       /* Setup the array class */
+       c->super = class_java_lang_Object;
+       c->flags = ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL | ACC_ABSTRACT;
+
+    c->interfacescount = 2;
+    c->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*,2);
+    c->interfaces[0] = class_java_lang_Cloneable;
+    c->interfaces[1] = class_java_io_Serializable;
+
+       c->methodscount = 1;
+       c->methods = MNEW (methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+
+       clone = c->methods;
+       memset(clone, 0, sizeof(methodinfo));
+       clone->flags = ACC_PUBLIC;
+       clone->name = utf_new_char("clone");
+       clone->descriptor = utf_new_char("()Ljava/lang/Object;");
+       clone->class = c;
+       clone->stubroutine = createnativestub((functionptr) &builtin_clone_array, clone);
+       clone->monoPoly = MONO;
+
+       /* XXX: field: length? */
+
+       /* The array class has to be linked */
+       list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses,c);
+       
+       /*
+     * Array classes which are created after the other classes have been
+     * loaded and linked are linked explicitely.
+     */
+        c->loaded=true;
+     
+       if (loader_inited)
+               loader_load(c->name); /* XXX handle errors */
+}
+
+
+/****************** Function: class_link_array *********************************
+
+    This function is called by class_link to create the
+    arraydescriptor for an array class.
+
+    This function returns NULL if the array cannot be linked because
+    the component type has not been linked yet.
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+static arraydescriptor *class_link_array(classinfo *c)
+{
+       classinfo *comp = NULL;
+       int namelen = c->name->blength;
+       arraydescriptor *desc;
+       vftbl *compvftbl;
+
+       /* Check the component type */
+       switch (c->name->text[1]) {
+         case '[':
+                 /* c is an array of arrays. */
+                 comp = class_get(utf_new(c->name->text + 1,namelen - 1));
+                 if (!comp) panic("Could not find component array class.");
+                 break;
+
+         case 'L':
+                 /* c is an array of objects. */
+                 comp = class_get(utf_new(c->name->text + 2,namelen - 3));
+                 if (!comp) panic("Could not find component class.");
+                 break;
+       }
+
+       /* If the component type has not been linked return NULL */
+       if (comp && !comp->linked)
+               return NULL;
+
+       /* Allocate the arraydescriptor */
+       desc = NEW(arraydescriptor);
+
+       if (comp) {
+               /* c is an array of references */
+               desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT;
+               desc->componentsize = sizeof(void*);
+               desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_objectarray,data);
+               
+               compvftbl = comp->vftbl;
+               if (!compvftbl)
+                       panic("Component class has no vftbl");
+               desc->componentvftbl = compvftbl;
+               
+               if (compvftbl->arraydesc) {
+                       desc->elementvftbl = compvftbl->arraydesc->elementvftbl;
+                       if (compvftbl->arraydesc->dimension >= 255)
+                               panic("Creating array of dimension >255");
+                       desc->dimension = compvftbl->arraydesc->dimension + 1;
+                       desc->elementtype = compvftbl->arraydesc->elementtype;
+               }
+               else {
+                       desc->elementvftbl = compvftbl;
+                       desc->dimension = 1;
+                       desc->elementtype = ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT;
+               }
+
+       } else {
+               /* c is an array of a primitive type */
+               switch (c->name->text[1]) {
+               case 'Z': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_BOOLEAN;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_booleanarray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(u1);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'B': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_BYTE;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_bytearray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(u1);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'C': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_CHAR;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_chararray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(u2);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'D': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_DOUBLE;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_doublearray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(double);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'F': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_FLOAT;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_floatarray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(float);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'I': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_INT;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_intarray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(s4);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'J': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_LONG;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_longarray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(s8);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'S': desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_SHORT;
+                       desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_shortarray,data);
+                       desc->componentsize = sizeof(s2);
+                       break;
+
+               default:
+                       panic("Invalid array class name");
+               }
+               
+               desc->componentvftbl = NULL;
+               desc->elementvftbl = NULL;
+               desc->dimension = 1;
+               desc->elementtype = desc->arraytype;
+       }
+
+       return desc;
+}
+
+
 /********************** Function: class_link ***********************************
 
        Tries to link a class. The super class and every implemented interface must
@@ -1637,7 +2178,8 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
        classinfo *super = c->super;  /* super class                              */
        classinfo *ic, *c2;           /* intermediate class variables             */
        vftbl *v;                     /* vftbl of current class                   */
-       s4 i;                         /* interface/method/field counter           */                     
+       s4 i;                         /* interface/method/field counter           */
+       arraydescriptor *arraydesc = NULL;  /* descriptor for array classes       */
 
 
        /*  check if all superclasses are already linked, if not put c at end of
@@ -1652,6 +2194,13 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                        list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, c);
                        return; 
                }
+               if ((ic->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) == 0) {
+                       dolog("Specified interface is not declared as interface:");
+                       log_utf(ic->name);
+                       dolog("in");
+                       log_utf(c->name);
+                       panic("Specified interface is not declared as interface");
+               }
        }
        
        /*  check super class */
@@ -1659,20 +2208,36 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
        if (super == NULL) {          /* class java.long.Object */
                c->index = 0;
         c->classUsed = USED;     /* Object class is always used CO-RT*/
-               c -> impldBy = NULL;
+               c->impldBy = NULL;
                c->instancesize = sizeof(java_objectheader);
                
                vftbllength = supervftbllength = 0;
 
                c->finalizer = NULL;
-       }
-       else {
+
+       else {
                if (!super->linked) {
                        list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
                        list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, c);
                        return; 
                }
 
+               if ((super->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0)
+                       panic("Interface specified as super class");
+
+               /* handle array classes */
+               /* The component class must have been linked already. */
+               if (c->name->text[0] == '[')
+                       if ((arraydesc = class_link_array(c)) == NULL) {
+                               list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
+                               list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, c);
+                               return; 
+                       }
+
+               /* Don't allow extending final classes */
+               if ((super->flags & ACC_FINAL) != 0)
+                       panic("Trying to extend final class");
+               
                if (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)
                        c->index = interfaceindex++;
                else
@@ -1687,9 +2252,10 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
 
 
        if (linkverbose) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "Linking Class: ");
-               utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name );
-               dolog ();
+               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+               sprintf(logtext, "Linking Class: ");
+               utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name );
+               log_text(logtext);
        }
 
        /* compute vftbl length */
@@ -1703,6 +2269,8 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                                int j;
                                for (j = 0; j < sc->methodscount; j++) {
                                        if (method_canoverwrite(m, &(sc->methods[j]))) {
+                                               if ((sc->methods[j].flags & ACC_FINAL) != 0)
+                                                       panic("Trying to overwrite final method");
                                                m->vftblindex = sc->methods[j].vftblindex;
                                                goto foundvftblindex;
                                        }
@@ -1715,7 +2283,7 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
        }       
        
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vftbl_len += sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr)*(vftbllength-1);
+       count_vftbl_len += sizeof(vftbl) + (sizeof(methodptr) * (vftbllength - 1));
 #endif
 
        /* compute interfacetable length */
@@ -1742,6 +2310,11 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
        v->class = c;
        v->vftbllength = vftbllength;
        v->interfacetablelength = interfacetablelength;
+       v->arraydesc = arraydesc;
+
+       /* store interface index in vftbl */
+       if (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)
+               v->baseval = -(c->index);
 
        /* copy virtual function table of super class */
 
@@ -1764,8 +2337,8 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                fieldinfo *f = &(c->fields[i]);
                
                if (!(f->flags & ACC_STATIC) ) {
-                       dsize = desc_typesize (f->descriptor);
-                       c->instancesize = ALIGN (c->instancesize, dsize);
+                       dsize = desc_typesize(f->descriptor);
+                       c->instancesize = ALIGN(c->instancesize, dsize);
                        f->offset = c->instancesize;
                        c->instancesize += dsize;
                }
@@ -1773,7 +2346,7 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
 
        /* initialize interfacetable and interfacevftbllength */
        
-       v->interfacevftbllength = MNEW (s4, interfacetablelength);
+       v->interfacevftbllength = MNEW(s4, interfacetablelength);
 
 #ifdef STATISTICS
        count_vftbl_len += (4 + sizeof(s4)) * v->interfacetablelength;
@@ -1788,7 +2361,7 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
        
        for (c2 = c; c2 != NULL; c2 = c2->super)
                for (i = 0; i < c2->interfacescount; i++) {
-                       class_addinterface (c, c2->interfaces[i]);
+                       class_addinterface(c, c2->interfaces[i]);
                }
 
        /* add finalizer method (not for java.lang.Object) */
@@ -1803,7 +2376,7 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                if (fidesc == NULL)
                        fidesc = utf_fidesc;
 
-               fi = class_findmethod (c, finame, fidesc);
+               fi = class_findmethod(c, finame, fidesc);
                if (fi != NULL) {
                        if (!(fi->flags & ACC_STATIC)) {
                                c->finalizer = fi;
@@ -1858,9 +2431,6 @@ static void class_freecpool (classinfo *c)
                        case CONSTANT_NameAndType:
                                FREE (info, constant_nameandtype);
                                break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Arraydescriptor:
-                               freearraydescriptor (info);
-                               break;
                        }
                        }
                }
@@ -1876,45 +2446,49 @@ static void class_freecpool (classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_free (classinfo *c)
+static void class_free(classinfo *c)
 {
        s4 i;
        vftbl *v;
                
-       class_freecpool (c);
+       class_freecpool(c);
 
-       MFREE (c->interfaces, classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
+       MFREE(c->interfaces, classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
 
        for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++)
                field_free(&(c->fields[i]));
        
        for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++)
                method_free(&(c->methods[i]));
-       MFREE (c->methods, methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+       MFREE(c->methods, methodinfo, c->methodscount);
 
        if ((v = c->vftbl) != NULL) {
+               if (v->arraydesc)
+                       mem_free(v->arraydesc,sizeof(arraydescriptor));
+               
                for (i = 0; i < v->interfacetablelength; i++) {
-                       MFREE (v->interfacetable[-i], methodptr, v->interfacevftbllength[i]);
-                       }
-               MFREE (v->interfacevftbllength, s4, v->interfacetablelength);
+                       MFREE(v->interfacetable[-i], methodptr, v->interfacevftbllength[i]);
+               }
+               MFREE(v->interfacevftbllength, s4, v->interfacetablelength);
 
                i = sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr) * (v->vftbllength - 1) +
                    sizeof(methodptr*) * (v->interfacetablelength -
                                         (v->interfacetablelength > 0));
                v = (vftbl*) (((methodptr*) v) - (v->interfacetablelength - 1) *
                                             (v->interfacetablelength > 1));
-               mem_free (v, i);
-               }
+               mem_free(v, i);
+       }
 
        if (c->innerclasscount)
-               MFREE (c->innerclass, innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
+               MFREE(c->innerclass, innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
 
-       if (c->classvftbl)
-               mem_free(c->header.vftbl, sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr)*(c->vftbl->vftbllength-1));
+       /*      if (c->classvftbl)
+               mem_free(c->header.vftbl, sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr)*(c->vftbl->vftbllength-1)); */
        
-       FREE (c, classinfo);
+       GCFREE(c);
 }
 
+
 /************************* Function: class_findfield ***************************
        
        Searches a 'classinfo' structure for a field having the given name and
@@ -1922,21 +2496,88 @@ static void class_free (classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-
-fieldinfo *class_findfield (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+fieldinfo *class_findfield(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        s4 i;
-
+       
        for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++) { 
                if ((c->fields[i].name == name) && (c->fields[i].descriptor == desc)) 
                        return &(c->fields[i]);                                                         
     }
 
-       panic ("Can not find field given in CONSTANT_Fieldref");
+       panic("Can not find field given in CONSTANT_Fieldref");
+
+       /* keep compiler happy */
        return NULL;
 }
 
 
+/************************* Function: class_findmethod **************************
+       
+       Searches a 'classinfo' structure for a method having the given name and
+       type and returns the index in the class info structure.
+       If type is NULL, it is ignored.
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+s4 class_findmethodIndex(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+{
+       s4 i;
+#if defined(JOWENN_DEBUG1) || defined(JOWENN_DEBUG2)
+       char *buffer;                   
+       int buffer_len, pos;
+#endif
+#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG1
+
+       buffer_len = 
+               utf_strlen(name) + utf_strlen(desc) + utf_strlen(c->name) + 64;
+       
+       buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
+
+       strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: method:");
+       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), name);
+       strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
+       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), desc);
+       strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", classname: ");
+       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->name);
+       
+       log_text(buffer);       
+
+       MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
+#endif 
+       for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
+#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2
+               buffer_len = 
+                       utf_strlen(c->methods[i].name) + utf_strlen(c->methods[i].descriptor)+ 64;
+       
+               buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
+
+               strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: comparing to method:");
+               utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].name);
+               strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
+               utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].descriptor);
+       
+               log_text(buffer);       
+
+               MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
+#endif 
+               
+               
+               if ((c->methods[i].name == name) && ((desc == NULL) ||
+                                                                                        (c->methods[i].descriptor == desc))) {
+                       return i;
+               }
+       }
+
+#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2   
+       class_showconstantpool(c);
+       log_text("class_findmethod: returning NULL");
+#endif
+
+       return -1;
+}
+
+
 /************************* Function: class_findmethod **************************
        
        Searches a 'classinfo' structure for a method having the given name and
@@ -1945,17 +2586,91 @@ fieldinfo *class_findfield (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-methodinfo *class_findmethod (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+methodinfo *class_findmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
+#if 0
        s4 i;
+#if defined(JOWENN_DEBUG1) || defined(JOWENN_DEBUG2)
+       char *buffer;                   
+       int buffer_len, pos;
+#endif
+#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG1
+
+       buffer_len = 
+               utf_strlen(name) + utf_strlen(desc) + utf_strlen(c->name) + 64;
+       
+       buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
+
+       strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: method:");
+       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), name);
+       strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
+       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), desc);
+       strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", classname: ");
+       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->name);
+       
+       log_text(buffer);       
+
+       MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
+#endif 
        for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
+#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2
+               buffer_len = 
+                       utf_strlen(c->methods[i].name) + utf_strlen(c->methods[i].descriptor)+ 64;
+       
+               buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
+
+               strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: comparing to method:");
+               utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].name);
+               strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
+               utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].descriptor);
+       
+               log_text(buffer);       
+
+               MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
+#endif 
+               
                if ((c->methods[i].name == name) && ((desc == NULL) ||
-                                                  (c->methods[i].descriptor == desc)))
+                                                                                        (c->methods[i].descriptor == desc))) {
                        return &(c->methods[i]);
                }
+       }
+#ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2   
+       class_showconstantpool(c);
+       log_text("class_findmethod: returning NULL");
+#endif
        return NULL;
+#endif
+
+       s4 idx=class_findmethodIndex(c, name, desc);
+/*     if (idx==-1) log_text("class_findmethod: method not found");*/
+       if (idx == -1) return NULL;
+
+       return &(c->methods[idx]);
 }
 
+
+/*********************** Function: class_fetchmethod **************************
+       
+    like class_findmethod, but aborts with an error if the method is not found
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+methodinfo *class_fetchmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+{
+       methodinfo *mi;
+       mi = class_findmethod(c, name, desc);
+
+       if (!mi) {
+               log_plain("Class: "); if (c) log_plain_utf(c->name); log_nl();
+               log_plain("Method: "); if (name) log_plain_utf(name); log_nl();
+               log_plain("Descriptor: "); if (desc) log_plain_utf(desc); log_nl();
+               panic("Method not found");
+       }
+
+       return mi;
+}
+
+
 /************************* Function: class_findmethod_approx ******************
        
        like class_findmethod but ignores the return value when comparing the
@@ -1963,11 +2678,11 @@ methodinfo *class_findmethod (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-methodinfo *class_findmethod_approx (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+methodinfo *class_findmethod_approx(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        s4 i;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) 
+       for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
                if (c->methods[i].name == name) {
                        utf *meth_descr = c->methods[i].descriptor;
                        
@@ -1976,29 +2691,31 @@ methodinfo *class_findmethod_approx (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
                                return &(c->methods[i]);
 
                        if (desc->blength <= meth_descr->blength) {
-                                          /* current position in utf text   */
-                                          char *desc_utf_ptr = desc->text;      
-                                          char *meth_utf_ptr = meth_descr->text;                                         
-                                          /* points behind utf strings */
-                                          char *desc_end = utf_end(desc);         
-                                          char *meth_end = utf_end(meth_descr);   
-                                          char ch;
-
-                                          /* compare argument types */
-                                          while (desc_utf_ptr<desc_end && meth_utf_ptr<meth_end) {
-
-                                                  if ((ch=*desc_utf_ptr++) != (*meth_utf_ptr++))
-                                                          break; /* no match */
-
-                                                  if (ch==')')
-                                                          return &(c->methods[i]);   /* all parameter types equal */
-                                          }
+                               /* current position in utf text   */
+                               char *desc_utf_ptr = desc->text;      
+                               char *meth_utf_ptr = meth_descr->text;                                    
+                               /* points behind utf strings */
+                               char *desc_end = utf_end(desc);         
+                               char *meth_end = utf_end(meth_descr);   
+                               char ch;
+
+                               /* compare argument types */
+                               while (desc_utf_ptr < desc_end && meth_utf_ptr < meth_end) {
+
+                                       if ((ch = *desc_utf_ptr++) != (*meth_utf_ptr++))
+                                               break; /* no match */
+
+                                       if (ch == ')')
+                                               return &(c->methods[i]);   /* all parameter types equal */
+                               }
                        }
                }
+       }
 
        return NULL;
 }
 
+
 /***************** Function: class_resolvemethod_approx ***********************
        
        Searches a class and every super class for a method (without paying
@@ -2006,16 +2723,17 @@ methodinfo *class_findmethod_approx (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-methodinfo *class_resolvemethod_approx (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+methodinfo *class_resolvemethod_approx(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        while (c) {
                /* search for method (ignore returntype) */
-               methodinfo *m = class_findmethod_approx (c, name, desc);
+               methodinfo *m = class_findmethod_approx(c, name, desc);
                /* method found */
                if (m) return m;
                /* search superclass */
                c = c->super;
-               }
+       }
+
        return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -2026,7 +2744,7 @@ methodinfo *class_resolvemethod_approx (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-methodinfo *class_resolvemethod (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+methodinfo *class_resolvemethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        while (c) {
                methodinfo *m = class_findmethod(c, name, desc);
@@ -2034,11 +2752,11 @@ methodinfo *class_resolvemethod (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
                /* search superclass */
                c = c->super;
        }
+
        return NULL;
 }
 
 
-
 /************************* Function: class_issubclass **************************
 
        Checks if sub is a descendant of super.
@@ -2049,13 +2767,12 @@ bool class_issubclass(classinfo *sub, classinfo *super)
 {
        for (;;) {
                if (!sub) return false;
-               if (sub==super) return true;
-               sub = sub -> super;
+               if (sub == super) return true;
+               sub = sub->super;
        }
 }
 
 
-
 /****************** Initialization function for classes ******************
 
        In Java, every class can have a static initialization function. This
@@ -2066,107 +2783,134 @@ bool class_issubclass(classinfo *sub, classinfo *super)
 
 void class_init(classinfo *c)
 {
-       methodinfo *m;
-       java_objectheader *exceptionptr;
+       methodinfo *m;
        s4 i;
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
        int b;
+#endif
 
        if (!makeinitializations)
                return;
-       if (c->initialized)
-               return;
+       if (c->initialized)
+               return;
+
+       c->initialized = true;
 
-       c->initialized = true;
-       
 #ifdef STATISTICS
        count_class_inits++;
 #endif
 
-       if (c->super)
-               class_init(c->super);
-       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++)
+       /* initialize super class */
+       if (c->super) {
+               if (initverbose) {
+                       char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+                       sprintf(logtext, "Initialize super class ");
+                       utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->super->name);
+                       sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " from ");
+                       utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+                       log_text(logtext);
+               }
+               class_init(c->super);
+       }
+
+       /* initialize interface classes */
+       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
+               if (initverbose) {
+                       char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+                       sprintf(logtext, "Initialize interface class ");
+                       utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->interfaces[i]->name);
+                       sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " from ");
+                       utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+                       log_text(logtext);
+               }
                class_init(c->interfaces[i]);  /* real */
+       }
 
        m = class_findmethod(c, utf_clinit, utf_fidesc);
-
        if (!m) {
                if (initverbose) {
+                       char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
                        sprintf(logtext, "Class ");
-                       utf_sprint(logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name);
-                       sprintf(logtext+strlen(logtext), " has no initializer");        
-                       dolog();
+                       utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+                       sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " has no initializer");
+                       log_text(logtext);
                }
+               /*              goto callinitialize;*/
                return;
        }
-               
+
        if (!(m->flags & ACC_STATIC))
                panic("Class initializer is not static!");
-       
+
        if (initverbose) {
+               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
                sprintf(logtext, "Starting initializer for class: ");
                utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
-               dolog();
+               log_text(logtext);
        }
 
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
        b = blockInts;
        blockInts = 0;
 #endif
 
-       exceptionptr = asm_calljavamethod(m, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+       /* now call the initializer */
+       asm_calljavafunction(m, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
        assert(blockInts == 0);
        blockInts = b;
 #endif
 
-       if (exceptionptr) {
-               printf("#### Initializer of ");
-               utf_display(c->name);
-               printf(" has thrown: ");
-               utf_display(exceptionptr->vftbl->class->name);
+       /* we have to throw an exception */
+       if (*exceptionptr) {
+               printf("Exception in thread \"main\" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError\n");
+               printf("Caused by: ");
+               utf_display((*exceptionptr)->vftbl->class->name);
                printf("\n");
                fflush(stdout);
+               exit(1);
        }
 
        if (initverbose) {
+               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
                sprintf(logtext, "Finished initializer for class: ");
                utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
-               dolog();
+               log_text(logtext);
        }
 
        if (c->name == utf_systemclass) {
                /* class java.lang.System requires explicit initialization */
-               
+
                if (initverbose)
                        printf("#### Initializing class System");
 
-               /* find initializing method */     
-               m = class_findmethod(c, 
+                /* find initializing method */
+               m = class_findmethod(c,
                                                         utf_initsystemclass,
                                                         utf_fidesc);
 
                if (!m) {
                        /* no method found */
-                       printf("initializeSystemClass failed");
+                       /* printf("initializeSystemClass failed"); */
                        return;
                }
 
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
                b = blockInts;
                blockInts = 0;
 #endif
 
-               exceptionptr = asm_calljavamethod(m, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+               asm_calljavafunction(m, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
                assert(blockInts == 0);
                blockInts = b;
 #endif
 
-               if (exceptionptr) {                     
+               if (*exceptionptr) {
                        printf("#### initializeSystemClass has thrown: ");
-                       utf_display(exceptionptr->vftbl->class->name);
+                       utf_display((*exceptionptr)->vftbl->class->name);
                        printf("\n");
                        fflush(stdout);
                }
@@ -2174,9 +2918,8 @@ void class_init(classinfo *c)
 }
 
 
-
-
 /********* Function: find_class_method_constant *********/
+
 int find_class_method_constant (classinfo *c, utf * c1, utf* m1, utf* d1)  
 {
        u4 i;
@@ -2287,11 +3030,6 @@ void class_showconstanti(classinfo *c, int ii)
                        printf("Utf8 -> ");
                        utf_display(e);
                        break;
-               case CONSTANT_Arraydescriptor:  {
-                       printf("Arraydescriptor: ");
-                       displayarraydescriptor(e);
-               }
-               break;
                default: 
                        panic("Invalid type of ConstantPool-Entry");
                }
@@ -2373,11 +3111,6 @@ void class_showconstantpool (classinfo *c)
                                printf ("Utf8 -> ");
                                utf_display (e);
                                break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Arraydescriptor:  {
-                               printf ("Arraydescriptor: ");
-                               displayarraydescriptor (e);
-                       }
-                       break;
                        default: 
                                panic ("Invalid type of ConstantPool-Entry");
                        }
@@ -2439,8 +3172,6 @@ void class_showmethods (classinfo *c)
 /******************* General functions for the class loader *******************/
 /******************************************************************************/
 
-static int loader_inited = 0;
-
 /********************* Function: loader_load ***********************************
 
        Loads and links the class desired class and each class and interface
@@ -2449,31 +3180,75 @@ static int loader_inited = 0;
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-classinfo *loader_load (utf *topname)
+static int loader_load_running = 0;
+
+classinfo *loader_load(utf *topname)
 {
        classinfo *top;
        classinfo *c;
-       long int starttime=0,stoptime=0;
+       s8 starttime = 0;
+       s8 stoptime = 0;
+       classinfo *notlinkable;
+
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       pthread_mutex_lock(&compiler_mutex);
+#endif
+
+       /* avoid recursive calls */
+       if (loader_load_running)
+               return class_new(topname);
+
+       loader_load_running++;
        
-       intsDisable();                           /* schani */
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       intsDisable();
+#endif
 
        if (getloadingtime)
                starttime = getcputime();
 
-       top = class_new (topname);
+       top = class_new(topname);
 
        /* load classes */
-       while ( (c = list_first(&unloadedclasses)) ) {
-               if (!class_load (c)) {
-                       list_remove (&unloadedclasses, c);
-                       top=NULL;
-                   }
-        }
+       while ((c = list_first(&unloadedclasses))) {
+               if (!class_load(c)) {
+                       if (linkverbose)
+                               dolog("Failed to load class");
+                       list_remove(&unloadedclasses, c);
+                       top = NULL;
+               }
+       }
 
        /* link classes */
-       while ( (c = list_first(&unlinkedclasses)) ) {
-               class_link (c);
-               }
+       if (linkverbose)
+               dolog("Linking...");
+
+       /* Added a hack to break infinite linking loops. A better
+        * linking algorithm would be nice. -Edwin */
+       notlinkable = NULL;
+       while ((c = list_first(&unlinkedclasses))) {
+               class_link(c);
+               if (!c->linked) {
+                       if (!notlinkable)
+                               notlinkable = c;
+                       else if (notlinkable == c) {
+                               /* We tried to link this class for the second time and
+                                * no other classes were linked in between, so we are
+                                * caught in a loop.
+                                */
+                               if (linkverbose)
+                                       dolog("Cannot resolve linking dependencies");
+                               top = NULL;
+                               if (!*exceptionptr)
+                                       throw_linkageerror_message(c->name);
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+               } else
+                       notlinkable = NULL;
+       }
+       if (linkverbose)
+               dolog("Linking done.");
 
        if (loader_inited)
                loader_compute_subclasses();
@@ -2481,15 +3256,72 @@ classinfo *loader_load (utf *topname)
        /* measure time */
        if (getloadingtime) {
                stoptime = getcputime();
-               loadingtime += (stoptime-starttime);
+               loadingtime += (stoptime - starttime);
+       }
+
+
+       loader_load_running--;
+       
+       /* check if a former loader_load call tried to load/link the class and 
+          failed. This is needed because the class didn't appear in the 
+          undloadclasses or unlinkedclasses list during this class. */
+       if (top) {
+               if (!top->loaded) {
+                       if (linkverbose) dolog("Failed to load class (former call)");
+                       throw_noclassdeffounderror_message(top->name);
+                       top = NULL;
+                       
+               } else if (!top->linked) {
+                       if (linkverbose)
+                               dolog("Failed to link class (former call)");
+                       throw_linkageerror_message(top->name);
+                       top = NULL;
                }
+       }
 
-       intsRestore();                          /* schani */
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       intsRestore();
+#endif
+       
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(&compiler_mutex);
+#endif
 
+       /* DEBUG */ /*if (linkverbose && !top) dolog("returning NULL from loader_load");*/
+       
        return top; 
 }
 
 
+/****************** Function: loader_load_sysclass ****************************
+
+       Loads and links the class desired class and each class and interface
+       referenced by it.
+
+    The pointer to the classinfo is stored in *top if top != NULL.
+    The pointer is also returned.
+
+    If the class could not be loaded the function aborts with an error.
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+classinfo *loader_load_sysclass(classinfo **top, utf *topname)
+{
+       classinfo *cls;
+
+       if ((cls = loader_load(topname)) == NULL) {
+               log_plain("Could not load important system class: ");
+               log_plain_utf(topname);
+               log_nl();
+               panic("Could not load important system class");
+       }
+
+       if (top) *top = cls;
+
+       return cls;
+}
+
+
 /**************** function: create_primitive_classes ***************************
 
        create classes representing primitive types 
@@ -2506,12 +3338,13 @@ void create_primitive_classes()
                classinfo *c = class_new ( utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].name) );
                 c -> classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */               
                c -> impldBy = NULL;
-
+               
                /* prevent loader from loading primitive class */
                list_remove (&unloadedclasses, c);
+               c->loaded=true;
                /* add to unlinked classes */
                list_addlast (&unlinkedclasses, c);             
-               c -> super = class_java_lang_Object;
+/*JOWENN primitive types don't have objects as super class             c -> super = class_java_lang_Object; */
                class_link (c);
 
                primitivetype_table[i].class_primitive = c;
@@ -2521,29 +3354,233 @@ void create_primitive_classes()
                        class_new( utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].wrapname) );
                 primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap -> classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
                primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap  -> impldBy = NULL;
+
+               /* create the primitive array class */
+               if (primitivetype_table[i].arrayname) {
+                       c = class_new( utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].arrayname) );
+                       primitivetype_table[i].arrayclass = c;
+                       c->loaded=true;
+                       if (!c->linked) class_link(c);
+                       primitivetype_table[i].arrayvftbl = c->vftbl;
+               }
        }
 }
 
-/***************** function: create_array_class ********************************
+/**************** function: class_primitive_from_sig ***************************
 
-       create class representing an array
+       return the primitive class indicated by the given signature character
+
+    If the descriptor does not indicate a valid primitive type the
+    return value is NULL.
 
 ********************************************************************************/
 
+classinfo *class_primitive_from_sig(char sig)
+{
+       switch (sig) {
+         case 'I': return primitivetype_table[PRIMITIVETYPE_INT].class_primitive;
+         case 'J': return primitivetype_table[PRIMITIVETYPE_LONG].class_primitive;
+         case 'F': return primitivetype_table[PRIMITIVETYPE_FLOAT].class_primitive;
+         case 'D': return primitivetype_table[PRIMITIVETYPE_DOUBLE].class_primitive;
+         case 'B': return primitivetype_table[PRIMITIVETYPE_BYTE].class_primitive;
+         case 'C': return primitivetype_table[PRIMITIVETYPE_CHAR].class_primitive;
+         case 'S': return primitivetype_table[PRIMITIVETYPE_SHORT].class_primitive;
+         case 'Z': return primitivetype_table[PRIMITIVETYPE_BOOLEAN].class_primitive;
+         case 'V': return primitivetype_table[PRIMITIVETYPE_VOID].class_primitive;
+       }
+       return NULL;
+}
 
-classinfo *create_array_class(utf *u)
-{  
-       classinfo *c = class_new (u);
-       /* prevent loader from loading the array class */
-       list_remove (&unloadedclasses, c);
-       /* add to unlinked classes */
-       list_addlast (&unlinkedclasses, c);
-       c -> super = class_java_lang_Object;
-       class_link(c);
+/****************** function: class_from_descriptor ****************************
+
+    return the class indicated by the given descriptor
+
+    utf_ptr....first character of descriptor
+    end_ptr....first character after the end of the string
+    next.......if non-NULL, *next is set to the first character after
+               the descriptor. (Undefined if an error occurs.)
+
+    mode.......a combination (binary or) of the following flags:
+
+               (Flags marked with * are the default settings.)
+
+               What to do if a reference type descriptor is parsed successfully:
+
+                   CLASSLOAD_SKIP...skip it and return something != NULL
+                                * CLASSLOAD_NEW....get classinfo * via class_new
+                   CLASSLOAD_LOAD...get classinfo * via loader_load
+
+               How to handle primitive types:
+
+                            * CLASSLOAD_PRIMITIVE.......return primitive class (eg. "int")
+                   CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE...return NULL for primitive types
 
-       return c;
+               How to handle "V" descriptors:
+
+                            * CLASSLOAD_VOID.....handle it like other primitive types
+                   CLASSLOAD_NOVOID...treat it as an error
+
+               How to deal with extra characters after the end of the
+               descriptor:
+
+                            * CLASSLOAD_NOCHECKEND...ignore (useful for parameter lists)
+                   CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND.....treat them as an error
+
+               How to deal with errors:
+
+                            * CLASSLOAD_PANIC....abort execution with an error message
+                   CLASSLOAD_NOPANIC..return NULL on error
+
+********************************************************************************/
+
+classinfo *class_from_descriptor(char *utf_ptr, char *end_ptr,
+                                                                char **next, int mode)
+{
+       char *start = utf_ptr;
+       bool error = false;
+       utf *name;
+
+       SKIP_FIELDDESCRIPTOR_SAFE(utf_ptr,end_ptr,error);
+
+       if (mode & CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND)
+               error |= (utf_ptr != end_ptr);
+       
+       if (!error) {
+               if (next) *next = utf_ptr;
+               
+               switch (*start) {
+                 case 'V':
+                         if (mode & CLASSLOAD_NOVOID)
+                                 break;
+                         /* FALLTHROUGH! */
+                 case 'I':
+                 case 'J':
+                 case 'F':
+                 case 'D':
+                 case 'B':
+                 case 'C':
+                 case 'S':
+                 case 'Z':
+                         return (mode & CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE)
+                                 ? NULL
+                                 : class_primitive_from_sig(*start);
+                         
+                 case 'L':
+                         start++;
+                         utf_ptr--;
+                         /* FALLTHROUGH! */
+                 case '[':
+                         if (mode & CLASSLOAD_SKIP) return class_java_lang_Object;
+                         name = utf_new(start,utf_ptr-start);
+                         return (mode & CLASSLOAD_LOAD)
+                                 ? loader_load(name) : class_new(name); /* XXX handle errors */
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* An error occurred */
+       if (mode & CLASSLOAD_NOPANIC)
+               return NULL;
+
+       log_plain("Invalid descriptor at beginning of '");
+       log_plain_utf(utf_new(start, end_ptr-start));
+       log_plain("'");
+       log_nl();
+                                                 
+       panic("Invalid descriptor");
+
+       /* keep compiler happy */
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/******************* function: type_from_descriptor ****************************
+
+    return the basic type indicated by the given descriptor
+
+    This function parses a descriptor and returns its basic type as
+    TYPE_INT, TYPE_LONG, TYPE_FLOAT, TYPE_DOUBLE, TYPE_ADDRESS or TYPE_VOID.
+
+    cls...if non-NULL the referenced variable is set to the classinfo *
+          returned by class_from_descriptor.
+
+    For documentation of the arguments utf_ptr, end_ptr, next and mode
+    see class_from_descriptor. The only difference is that
+    type_from_descriptor always uses CLASSLOAD_PANIC.
+
+********************************************************************************/
+
+int type_from_descriptor(classinfo **cls, char *utf_ptr, char *end_ptr,
+                                                char **next, int mode)
+{
+       classinfo *mycls;
+       if (!cls) cls = &mycls;
+       *cls = class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr, end_ptr, next, mode & (~CLASSLOAD_NOPANIC));
+       switch (*utf_ptr) {
+         case 'B': 
+         case 'C':
+         case 'I':
+         case 'S':  
+         case 'Z':
+                 return TYPE_INT;
+         case 'D':
+                 return TYPE_DOUBLE;
+         case 'F':
+                 return TYPE_FLOAT;
+         case 'J':
+                 return TYPE_LONG;
+         case 'V':
+                 return TYPE_VOID;
+       }
+       return TYPE_ADDRESS;
+}
+
+
+/*************** function: create_pseudo_classes *******************************
+
+       create pseudo classes used by the typechecker
+
+********************************************************************************/
+
+static void create_pseudo_classes()
+{
+    /* pseudo class for Arraystubs (extends java.lang.Object) */
+    
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub = class_new(utf_new_char("$ARRAYSTUB$"));
+    list_remove(&unloadedclasses, pseudo_class_Arraystub);
+
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub->super = class_java_lang_Object;
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfacescount = 2;
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*, 2);
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[0] = class_java_lang_Cloneable;
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[1] = class_java_io_Serializable;
+
+    list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, pseudo_class_Arraystub);
+    class_link(pseudo_class_Arraystub);
+
+       pseudo_class_Arraystub_vftbl = pseudo_class_Arraystub->vftbl;
+
+    /* pseudo class representing the null type */
+    
+    pseudo_class_Null = class_new(utf_new_char("$NULL$"));
+    list_remove(&unloadedclasses, pseudo_class_Null);
+
+    pseudo_class_Null->super = class_java_lang_Object;
+
+    list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, pseudo_class_Null);
+    class_link(pseudo_class_Null);     
+
+    /* pseudo class representing new uninitialized objects */
+    
+    pseudo_class_New = class_new(utf_new_char("$NEW$"));
+    list_remove(&unloadedclasses, pseudo_class_New);
+
+    pseudo_class_New->super = class_java_lang_Object;
+
+    list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, pseudo_class_New);
+    class_link(pseudo_class_New);      
 }
 
+
 /********************** Function: loader_init **********************************
 
        Initializes all lists and loads all classes required for the system or the
@@ -2551,9 +3588,8 @@ classinfo *create_array_class(utf *u)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
  
-void loader_init()
+void loader_init(u1 *stackbottom)
 {
-       utf *string_class;
        interfaceindex = 0;
        
        list_init(&unloadedclasses, OFFSET(classinfo, listnode));
@@ -2566,124 +3602,137 @@ void loader_init()
        utf_code                = utf_new_char("Code");
        utf_finalize        = utf_new_char("finalize");
        utf_fidesc              = utf_new_char("()V");
+       utf_init                = utf_new_char("<init>");
        utf_clinit              = utf_new_char("<clinit>");
        utf_initsystemclass = utf_new_char("initializeSystemClass");
        utf_systemclass     = utf_new_char("java/lang/System");
+       utf_vmclassloader   = utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClassLoader");
+       utf_initialize      = utf_new_char("initialize");
+       utf_initializedesc  = utf_new_char("(I)V");
+
+       utf_vmclass         = utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClass");
+       utf_java_lang_Object= utf_new_char("java/lang/Object");
+
+       array_packagename   = utf_new_char("<the array package>");
+
+       /* create some important classes */
+       /* These classes have to be created now because the classinfo
+        * pointers are used in the loading code.
+        */
+       class_java_lang_Object = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/Object"));
+       class_java_lang_String = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/String"));
+       class_java_lang_Cloneable = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
+       class_java_io_Serializable = class_new(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
+
+       if (verbose) log_text("loader_init: java/lang/Object");
+       /* load the classes which were created above */
+       loader_load_sysclass(NULL, class_java_lang_Object->name);
+
+       loader_inited = 1; /*JOWENN*/
+
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_Throwable,
+                                                utf_new_char("java/lang/Throwable"));
+
+       if (verbose) log_text("loader_init:  loader_load: java/lang/ClassCastException");
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_ClassCastException,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/ClassCastException"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_NullPointerException,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/NullPointerException"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/NegativeArraySizeException"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/OutOfMemoryError"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_ArrayStoreException,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/ArrayStoreException"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_ArithmeticException,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/ArithmeticException"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_ThreadDeath,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/ThreadDeath"));
+               
+       /* create classes representing primitive types */
+       create_primitive_classes();
 
-       /* create class for arrays */
-       class_array = class_new(utf_new_char("The_Array_Class"));
-    class_array->classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
-       class_array->impldBy = NULL;
-
-       list_remove (&unloadedclasses, class_array);
-
-       /* create class for strings, load it after class Object was loaded */
-       string_class = utf_new_char("java/lang/String");
-       class_java_lang_String = class_new(string_class);
-    class_java_lang_String->classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
-       class_java_lang_String->impldBy = NULL;
-
-       list_remove(&unloadedclasses, class_java_lang_String);
-
-       class_java_lang_Object = 
-               loader_load(utf_new_char("java/lang/Object"));
-
-       list_addlast(&unloadedclasses, class_java_lang_String);
-
-       class_java_lang_String =
-               loader_load(string_class);
-       class_java_lang_ClassCastException = 
-               loader_load(utf_new_char("java/lang/ClassCastException"));
-       class_java_lang_NullPointerException = 
-               loader_load(utf_new_char("java/lang/NullPointerException"));
-       class_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException =
-               loader_load(utf_new_char("java/lang/ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException"));
-       class_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException =
-               loader_load(utf_new_char("java/lang/NegativeArraySizeException"));
-       class_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError =
-               loader_load(utf_new_char("java/lang/OutOfMemoryError"));
-       class_java_lang_ArrayStoreException =
-               loader_load(utf_new_char("java/lang/ArrayStoreException"));
-       class_java_lang_ArithmeticException = 
-               loader_load(utf_new_char("java/lang/ArithmeticException"));
-       class_java_lang_ThreadDeath =
-               loader_load(utf_new_char("java/lang/ThreadDeath"));
-
-       /* link class for arrays */
-       list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, class_array);
-       class_array->super = class_java_lang_Object;
-       class_link(class_array);
+       /* create classes used by the typechecker */
+       create_pseudo_classes();
 
        /* correct vftbl-entries (retarded loading of class java/lang/String) */
-       stringtable_update(); 
+       stringtable_update();
 
-       /* create classes representing primitive types */
-       create_primitive_classes();
-               
-       proto_java_lang_ClassCastException = 
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       if (stackbottom!=0)
+               initLocks();
+#endif
+
+       if (verbose) log_text("loader_init: creating global proto_java_lang_ClassCastException");
+       proto_java_lang_ClassCastException =
                builtin_new(class_java_lang_ClassCastException);
-       heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_ClassCastException);
 
-       proto_java_lang_NullPointerException = 
+       if (verbose) log_text("loader_init: proto_java_lang_ClassCastException has been initialized");
+
+       proto_java_lang_NullPointerException =
                builtin_new(class_java_lang_NullPointerException);
-       heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_NullPointerException);
+       if (verbose) log_text("loader_init: proto_java_lang_NullPointerException has been initialized");
 
-       proto_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException = 
+       proto_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException =
                builtin_new(class_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException);
-       heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException);
 
-       proto_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException = 
+       proto_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException =
                builtin_new(class_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException);
-       heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException);
 
-       proto_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError = 
+       proto_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError =
                builtin_new(class_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError);
-       heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError);
 
-       proto_java_lang_ArithmeticException = 
+       proto_java_lang_ArithmeticException =
                builtin_new(class_java_lang_ArithmeticException);
-       heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_ArithmeticException);
 
-       proto_java_lang_ArrayStoreException = 
+       proto_java_lang_ArrayStoreException =
                builtin_new(class_java_lang_ArrayStoreException);
-       heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_ArrayStoreException);
 
        proto_java_lang_ThreadDeath =
-               builtin_new(class_java_lang_ThreadDeath);
-       heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_ThreadDeath);
+               builtin_new(class_java_lang_ThreadDeath);
 
        loader_inited = 1;
 }
 
 
-
-
 /********************* Function: loader_initclasses ****************************
 
        Initializes all loaded but uninitialized classes
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
+#if 0
+/* XXX TWISTI: i think we do not need this */
 void loader_initclasses ()
 {
        classinfo *c;
        
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       pthread_mutex_lock(&compiler_mutex);
+#endif
+
        intsDisable();                     /* schani */
 
        if (makeinitializations) {
-               c = list_first (&linkedclasses);
+               c = list_first(&linkedclasses);
                while (c) {
-                       class_init (c);
-                       c = list_next (&linkedclasses, c);
-                       }
+                       class_init(c);
+                       c = list_next(&linkedclasses, c);
                }
+       }
 
        intsRestore();                      /* schani */
+       
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(&compiler_mutex);
+#endif
 }
+#endif
 
-static s4 classvalue;
 
-static void loader_compute_class_values (classinfo *c)
+static void loader_compute_class_values(classinfo *c)
 {
        classinfo *subs;
 
@@ -2693,8 +3742,9 @@ static void loader_compute_class_values (classinfo *c)
        while (subs != NULL) {
                loader_compute_class_values(subs);
                subs = subs->nextsub;
-               }
+       }
        c->vftbl->diffval = classvalue - c->vftbl->baseval;
+       
        /*
        {
        int i;
@@ -2708,37 +3758,47 @@ static void loader_compute_class_values (classinfo *c)
 }
 
 
-void loader_compute_subclasses ()
+void loader_compute_subclasses()
 {
        classinfo *c;
        
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
        intsDisable();                     /* schani */
+#endif
 
-       c = list_first (&linkedclasses);
+       c = list_first(&linkedclasses);
        while (c) {
                if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
                        c->nextsub = 0;
                        c->sub = 0;
-                       }
-               c = list_next (&linkedclasses, c);
                }
+               c = list_next(&linkedclasses, c);
+       }
 
-       c = list_first (&linkedclasses);
+       c = list_first(&linkedclasses);
        while (c) {
                if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) && (c->super != NULL)) {
                        c->nextsub = c->super->sub;
                        c->super->sub = c;
-                       }
-               c = list_next (&linkedclasses, c);
                }
+               c = list_next(&linkedclasses, c);
+       }
+
        classvalue = 0;
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       cast_lock();
+#endif
        loader_compute_class_values(class_java_lang_Object);
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       cast_unlock();
+#endif
 
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
        intsRestore();                      /* schani */
+#endif
 }
 
 
-
 /******************** function classloader_buffer ******************************
  
     sets buffer for reading classdata
@@ -2747,9 +3807,9 @@ void loader_compute_subclasses ()
 
 void classload_buffer(u1 *buf, int len)
 {
-       classbuffer        =  buf;
-       classbuffer_size   =  len;
-       classbuf_pos       =  buf - 1;
+       classbuffer      = buf;
+       classbuffer_size = len;
+       classbuf_pos     = buf - 1;
 }
 
 
@@ -2759,22 +3819,22 @@ void classload_buffer(u1 *buf, int len)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void loader_close ()
+void loader_close()
 {
        classinfo *c;
 
-       while ( (c=list_first(&unloadedclasses)) ) {
-               list_remove (&unloadedclasses,c);
-               class_free (c);
-               }
-       while ( (c=list_first(&unlinkedclasses)) ) {
-               list_remove (&unlinkedclasses,c);
-               class_free (c);
-               }
-       while ( (c=list_first(&linkedclasses)) ) {
-               list_remove (&linkedclasses,c);
-               class_free (c);
-               }
+       while ((c = list_first(&unloadedclasses))) {
+               list_remove(&unloadedclasses, c);
+               class_free(c);
+       }
+       while ((c = list_first(&unlinkedclasses))) {
+               list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
+               class_free(c);
+       }
+       while ((c = list_first(&linkedclasses))) {
+               list_remove(&linkedclasses, c);
+               class_free(c);
+       }
 }