asmpart.o and offsets.h rules.
[cacao.git] / loader.c
index 96402ab61db3f6e2e0355664bec6c0eec58a5a00..7ab8528484318fe55f2168857a50fa575cc159f9 100644 (file)
--- a/loader.c
+++ b/loader.c
    Contact: cacao@complang.tuwien.ac.at
 
    Authors: Reinhard Grafl
+
    Changes: Andreas Krall
             Roman Obermaiser
             Mark Probst
-                       Edwin Steiner
+            Edwin Steiner
+            Christian Thalinger
 
-   $Id: loader.c 1058 2004-05-16 13:14:41Z twisti $
+   $Id: loader.c 1237 2004-06-30 19:54:59Z twisti $
 
 */
 
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include "global.h"
 #include "loader.h"
-#include "main.h"
+#include "options.h"
 #include "native.h"
 #include "tables.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "jit.h"
+#include "jit/jit.h"
 #include "asmpart.h"
+#include "options.h"
+#include "statistics.h"
 #include "toolbox/memory.h"
-#include "toolbox/loging.h"
+#include "toolbox/logging.h"
 #include "threads/thread.h"
 #include "threads/locks.h"
 #include "nat/java_lang_Throwable.h"
 
 /* global variables ***********************************************************/
 
-int count_class_infos = 0;      /* variables for measurements                 */
-int count_const_pool_len = 0;
-int count_vftbl_len = 0;
-int count_all_methods = 0;
-int count_vmcode_len = 0;
-int count_extable_len = 0;
-int count_class_loads = 0;
-int count_class_inits = 0;
-
 static s4 interfaceindex;       /* sequential numbering of interfaces         */
 static s4 classvalue;
 
 
 /* utf-symbols for pointer comparison of frequently used strings */
 
-static utf *utf_innerclasses;          /* InnerClasses            */
-static utf *utf_constantvalue;                 /* ConstantValue           */
-static utf *utf_code;                      /* Code                    */
-static utf *utf_exceptions;            /* Exceptions                    */
-static utf *utf_linenumbertable;               /* LineNumberTable                    */
-static utf *utf_sourcefile;            /*SourceFile*/
-static utf *utf_finalize;                  /* finalize                */
-static utf *utf_fidesc;                    /* ()V changed             */
-static utf *utf_init;                          /* <init>                  */
-static utf *utf_clinit;                    /* <clinit>                */
-static utf *utf_initsystemclass;       /* initializeSystemClass   */
-static utf *utf_systemclass;           /* java/lang/System        */
-static utf *utf_vmclassloader;      /* java/lang/VMClassLoader */
-static utf *utf_vmclass;            /* java/lang/VMClassLoader */
+static utf *utf_innerclasses;          /* InnerClasses                           */
+static utf *utf_constantvalue;                 /* ConstantValue                          */
+static utf *utf_code;                      /* Code                                   */
+static utf *utf_exceptions;         /* Exceptions                             */
+static utf *utf_linenumbertable;    /* LineNumberTable                        */
+static utf *utf_sourcefile;         /* SourceFile                             */
+static utf *utf_finalize;                  /* finalize                               */
+static utf *utf_fidesc;                    /* ()V changed                            */
+static utf *utf_init;                          /* <init>                                 */
+static utf *utf_clinit;                    /* <clinit>                               */
+static utf *utf_initsystemclass;       /* initializeSystemClass                  */
+static utf *utf_systemclass;           /* java/lang/System                       */
+static utf *utf_vmclassloader;      /* java/lang/VMClassLoader                */
+static utf *utf_vmclass;            /* java/lang/VMClassLoader                */
 static utf *utf_initialize;
 static utf *utf_initializedesc;
-static utf *utf_java_lang_Object;   /* java/lang/Object        */
-
-
+static utf *utf_java_lang_Object;   /* java/lang/Object                       */
 
+utf *utf_fillInStackTrace_name;
+utf *utf_fillInStackTrace_desc;
 
 utf* clinit_desc(){
        return utf_fidesc;
@@ -111,8 +106,6 @@ utf* clinit_name(){
 
 classinfo *class_java_lang_Object;
 classinfo *class_java_lang_String;
-
-classinfo *class_java_lang_Throwable;
 classinfo *class_java_lang_Cloneable;
 classinfo *class_java_io_Serializable;
 
@@ -171,46 +164,71 @@ java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_NullPointerException;
 static char *classpath    = "";     /* searchpath for classfiles              */
 
 
-/* assert that at least <len> bytes are left to read                          */
-/* <len> is limited to the range of non-negative s4 values                    */
+static java_objectheader *new_classformaterror(classinfo *c, char *message, ...)
+{
+       char cfmessage[MAXLOGTEXT];
+       va_list ap;
+
+       utf_sprint_classname(cfmessage, c->name);
+       sprintf(cfmessage + strlen(cfmessage), " (");
+
+       va_start(ap, message);
+       vsprintf(cfmessage + strlen(cfmessage), message, ap);
+       va_end(ap);
+
+       sprintf(cfmessage + strlen(cfmessage), ")");
+
+       return new_exception_message(string_java_lang_ClassFormatError, cfmessage);
+}
+
+
+/* check_classbuffer_size ******************************************************
+
+   assert that at least <len> bytes are left to read
+   <len> is limited to the range of non-negative s4 values
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+static inline bool check_classbuffer_size(classbuffer *cb, s4 len)
+{
+       if (len < 0 || ((cb->data + cb->size) - cb->pos - 1) < len) {
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_classformaterror((cb)->class, "Truncated class file");
+
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       return true;
+}
+
+
+/* suck_nbytes *****************************************************************
 
-#define ASSERT_LEFT(cb, len) \
-    do { \
-        if (((s4) (len)) < 0 || \
-            (((cb)->data + (cb)->size) - (cb)->pos - 1) < (len)) { \
-            char message[MAXLOGTEXT]; \
-            utf_sprint_classname(message, (cb)->class->name); \
-            sprintf(message + strlen(message), " (Truncated class file)"); \
-            *exceptionptr = \
-                new_exception_message(string_java_lang_ClassFormatError, \
-                                      message); \
-            throw_exception_exit(); \
-        } \
-    } while (0)
+   transfer block of classfile data into a buffer
 
+*******************************************************************************/
 
-/* transfer block of classfile data into a buffer */
+inline void suck_nbytes(u1 *buffer, classbuffer *cb, s4 len)
+{
+       memcpy(buffer, cb->pos + 1, len);
+       cb->pos += len;
+}
 
-#define suck_nbytes(buffer, cb, len) \
-    do { \
-        ASSERT_LEFT((cb), (len)); \
-        memcpy((buffer), (cb)->pos + 1, (len)); \
-        (cb)->pos += (len); \
-    } while (0)
 
+/* skip_nbytes ****************************************************************
 
-/* skip block of classfile data */
+   skip block of classfile data
 
-#define skip_nbytes(cb, len) \
-    do { \
-        ASSERT_LEFT((cb), (len)); \
-        (cb)->pos += (len); \
-    } while (0)
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+inline void skip_nbytes(classbuffer *cb, s4 len)
+{
+       cb->pos += len;
+}
 
 
 inline u1 suck_u1(classbuffer *cb)
 {
-       ASSERT_LEFT(cb, 1);
        return *++(cb->pos);
 }
 
@@ -268,11 +286,17 @@ static float suck_float(classbuffer *cb)
                buffer[3 - i] = suck_u1(cb);
 
        memcpy((u1*) (&f), buffer, 4);
-#else 
+#else
        suck_nbytes((u1*) (&f), cb, 4);
 #endif
 
-       PANICIF (sizeof(float) != 4, "Incompatible float-format");
+       if (sizeof(float) != 4) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_exception_message(string_java_lang_InternalError,
+                                                                                         "Incompatible float-format");
+
+               /* XXX should we exit in such a case? */
+               throw_exception_exit();
+       }
        
        return f;
 }
@@ -295,7 +319,13 @@ static double suck_double(classbuffer *cb)
        suck_nbytes((u1*) (&d), cb, 8);
 #endif
 
-       PANICIF (sizeof(double) != 8, "Incompatible double-format" );
+       if (sizeof(double) != 8) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_exception_message(string_java_lang_InternalError,
+                                                                                         "Incompatible double-format");
+
+               /* XXX should we exit in such a case? */
+               throw_exception_exit();
+       }
        
        return d;
 }
@@ -343,7 +373,7 @@ void suck_init(char *cpath)
                                panic("path length >= MAXFILENAME in suck_init");
 
                        if (!filename)
-                               filename = MNEW(char*, CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME);
+                               filename = MNEW(char, CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME);
 
                        strncpy(filename, start, filenamelen);
                        filename[filenamelen + 1] = '\0';
@@ -396,8 +426,10 @@ void suck_init(char *cpath)
                else
                        start = end;
        
-               if (filename)
-                       MFREE(filename, char*, CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME);
+               if (filename) {
+                       MFREE(filename, char, CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME);
+                       filename = NULL;
+               }
        }
 }
 
@@ -408,7 +440,6 @@ void create_all_classes()
 
        for (cpi = classpath_entries; cpi != 0; cpi = cpi->filepath.next) {
 #if defined(USE_ZLIB)
-               unz_file_info file_info;
                if (cpi->filepath.type == CLASSPATH_ARCHIVE) {
                        cacao_entry_s *ce;
                        unz_s *s;
@@ -454,7 +485,15 @@ classbuffer *suck_start(classinfo *c)
        utf_ptr = c->name->text;
 
        while (utf_ptr < utf_end(c->name)) {
-               PANICIF (filenamelen >= CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME, "Filename too long");
+               if (filenamelen >= CLASSPATH_MAXFILENAME) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_message(string_java_lang_InternalError,
+                                                                         "Filename too long");
+
+                       /* XXX should we exit in such a case? */
+                       throw_exception_exit();
+               }
+
                ch = *utf_ptr++;
                if ((ch <= ' ' || ch > 'z') && (ch != '/'))     /* invalid character */
                        ch = '?';
@@ -485,7 +524,7 @@ classbuffer *suck_start(classinfo *c)
 
                                                } else {
                                                        MFREE(cb->data, u1, cb->size);
-FREE(cb, classbuffer);
+                                                       FREE(cb, classbuffer);
                                                        log_text("Error while unzipping");
                                                }
                                        } else log_text("Error while opening file in archive");
@@ -503,7 +542,6 @@ FREE(cb, classbuffer);
                                /* determine size of classfile */
 
                                /* dolog("File: %s",filename); */
-
                                err = stat(currPos->filepath.filename, &buffer);
 
                                if (!err) {                            /* read classfile data */
@@ -514,6 +552,7 @@ FREE(cb, classbuffer);
                                        cb->pos = cb->data - 1;
                                        fread(cb->data, 1, cb->size, classfile);
                                        fclose(classfile);
+
                                        return cb;
                                }
                        }
@@ -585,21 +624,6 @@ void printflags(u2 f)
 }
 
 
-/************************* Function: skipattribute *****************************
-
-       skips a (1) 'attribute' structure in the class file
-
-*******************************************************************************/
-
-static void skipattribute(classbuffer *cb)
-{
-       u4 len;
-       suck_u2(cb);
-       len = suck_u4(cb);
-       skip_nbytes(cb, len);
-}
-
-
 /********************** Function: skipattributebody ****************************
 
        skips an attribute after the 16 bit reference to attribute_name has already
@@ -607,11 +631,21 @@ static void skipattribute(classbuffer *cb)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void skipattributebody(classbuffer *cb)
+static bool skipattributebody(classbuffer *cb)
 {
        u4 len;
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4))
+               return false;
+
        len = suck_u4(cb);
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, len))
+               return false;
+
        skip_nbytes(cb, len);
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 
@@ -621,11 +655,25 @@ static void skipattributebody(classbuffer *cb)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void skipattributes(classbuffer *cb, u4 num)
+static bool skipattributes(classbuffer *cb, u4 num)
 {
        u4 i;
-       for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
-               skipattribute(cb);
+       u4 len;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 4))
+                       return false;
+
+               suck_u2(cb);
+               len = suck_u4(cb);
+
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, len))
+                       return false;
+
+               skip_nbytes(cb, len);
+       }
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 
@@ -661,49 +709,72 @@ voidptr innerclass_getconstant(classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void attribute_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, u4 num)
+static bool attribute_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, u4 num)
 {
        u4 i, j;
 
        for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+               utf *aname;
+
                /* retrieve attribute name */
-               utf *aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                       return false;
+
+               aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
                if (aname == utf_innerclasses) {
                        /* innerclasses attribute */
-
                        if (c->innerclass != NULL)
                                panic("Class has more than one InnerClasses attribute");
                                
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
                        /* skip attribute length */                                             
-                       suck_u4(cb); 
+                       suck_u4(cb);
+
                        /* number of records */
                        c->innerclasscount = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, (2 + 2 + 2 + 2) * c->innerclasscount))
+                               return false;
+
                        /* allocate memory for innerclass structure */
                        c->innerclass = MNEW(innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
 
                        for (j = 0; j < c->innerclasscount; j++) {
-                               /*  The innerclass structure contains a class with an encoded name, 
-                                   its defining scope, its simple name  and a bitmask of the access flags. 
-                                   If an inner class is not a member, its outer_class is NULL, 
-                                   if a class is anonymous, its name is NULL.                              */
+                               /* The innerclass structure contains a class with an encoded
+                                  name, its defining scope, its simple name  and a bitmask of
+                                  the access flags. If an inner class is not a member, its
+                                  outer_class is NULL, if a class is anonymous, its name is
+                                  NULL. */
                                                                
                                innerclassinfo *info = c->innerclass + j;
 
-                               info->inner_class = innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class); /* CONSTANT_Class_info index */
-                               info->outer_class = innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class); /* CONSTANT_Class_info index */
-                               info->name  = innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);        /* CONSTANT_Utf8_info index  */
-                               info->flags = suck_u2(cb);                                                /* access_flags bitmask      */
+                               info->inner_class =
+                                       innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class);
+                               info->outer_class =
+                                       innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class);
+                               info->name =
+                                       innerclass_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+                               info->flags = suck_u2(cb);
                        }
-               } else if (aname==utf_sourcefile) {
+
+               } else if (aname == utf_sourcefile) {
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
                        suck_u4(cb);
-                       /*log_text("source file attribute found");*/
                        c->sourcefile = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+
                } else {
                        /* unknown attribute */
-                       skipattributebody(cb);
+                       if (!skipattributebody(cb))
+                               return false;
                }
        }
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 
@@ -766,14 +837,18 @@ static void checkfielddescriptor (char *utf_ptr, char *end_pos)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static int checkmethoddescriptor (utf *d)
+static int checkmethoddescriptor(classinfo *c, utf *descriptor)
 {
-       char *utf_ptr = d->text;     /* current position in utf text   */
-       char *end_pos = utf_end(d);  /* points behind utf string       */
-       int argcount = 0;            /* number of arguments            */
+       char *utf_ptr;                      /* current position in utf text       */
+       char *end_pos;                      /* points behind utf string           */
+       s4 argcount = 0;                    /* number of arguments                */
+
+       utf_ptr = descriptor->text;
+       end_pos = utf_end(descriptor);
 
        /* method descriptor must start with parenthesis */
-       if (utf_ptr == end_pos || *utf_ptr++ != '(') panic ("Missing '(' in method descriptor");
+       if (utf_ptr == end_pos || *utf_ptr++ != '(')
+               panic ("Missing '(' in method descriptor");
 
     /* check arguments */
     while (utf_ptr != end_pos && *utf_ptr != ')') {
@@ -789,16 +864,24 @@ static int checkmethoddescriptor (utf *d)
                                                          | CLASSLOAD_NOVOID);
        }
 
-       if (utf_ptr == end_pos) panic("Missing ')' in method descriptor");
+       if (utf_ptr == end_pos)
+               panic("Missing ')' in method descriptor");
+
     utf_ptr++; /* skip ')' */
 
-       class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr,end_pos,NULL,
-                                                 CLASSLOAD_NEW
-                                                 | CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE
-                                                 | CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND);
+       class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr,
+                                                 end_pos,
+                                                 NULL,
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_NEW |
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE |
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND);
+
+       if (argcount > 255) {
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_classformaterror(c, "Too many arguments in signature");
 
-       if (argcount > 255)
-               panic("Invalid method descriptor: too many arguments");
+               return 0;
+       }
 
        return argcount;
 
@@ -885,25 +968,28 @@ void print_arraydescriptor(FILE *file, arraydescriptor *desc)
 /******************************************************************************/
 
 
-/************************ Function: field_load *********************************
+/* field_load ******************************************************************
 
-       Load everything about a class field from the class file and fill a
-       'fieldinfo' structure. For static fields, space in the data segment is
-       allocated.
+   Load everything about a class field from the class file and fill a
+   'fieldinfo' structure. For static fields, space in the data segment is
+   allocated.
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
 #define field_load_NOVALUE  0xffffffff /* must be bigger than any u2 value! */
 
-static void field_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, fieldinfo *f)
+static bool field_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, fieldinfo *f)
 {
        u4 attrnum,i;
        u4 jtype;
-       u4 pindex = field_load_NOVALUE;                               /* constantvalue_index */
+       u4 pindex = field_load_NOVALUE;     /* constantvalue_index */
 
-       f->flags = suck_u2(cb);                                           /* ACC flags         */
-       f->name = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);       /* name of field     */
-       f->descriptor = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8); /* JavaVM descriptor */
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2 + 2))
+               return false;
+
+       f->flags = suck_u2(cb);
+       f->name = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+       f->descriptor = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
        
        if (opt_verify) {
                /* check name */
@@ -912,32 +998,36 @@ static void field_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, fieldinfo *f)
                
                /* check flag consistency */
                i = (f->flags & (ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_PROTECTED));
+
                if (i != 0 && i != ACC_PUBLIC && i != ACC_PRIVATE && i != ACC_PROTECTED)
                        panic("Field has invalid access flags");
+
                if ((f->flags & (ACC_FINAL | ACC_VOLATILE)) == (ACC_FINAL | ACC_VOLATILE))
                        panic("Field is declared final and volatile");
+
                if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0) {
                        if ((f->flags & (ACC_STATIC | ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL))
                                != (ACC_STATIC | ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL))
                                panic("Interface field is not declared static final public");
+
                        if ((f->flags & ACC_TRANSIENT) != 0)
                                panic("Interface field declared transient");
                }
 
                /* check descriptor */
-               checkfielddescriptor(f->descriptor->text,utf_end(f->descriptor));
+               checkfielddescriptor(f->descriptor->text, utf_end(f->descriptor));
        }
                
-       f->type = jtype = desc_to_type(f->descriptor);                      /* data type         */
-       f->offset = 0;                                                            /* offset from start of object */
+       f->type = jtype = desc_to_type(f->descriptor);    /* data type            */
+       f->offset = 0;                             /* offset from start of object */
        f->class = c;
        f->xta = NULL;
        
        switch (f->type) {
-       case TYPE_INT:        f->value.i = 0; break;
-       case TYPE_FLOAT:      f->value.f = 0.0; break;
-       case TYPE_DOUBLE:     f->value.d = 0.0; break;
-       case TYPE_ADDRESS:    f->value.a = NULL; break;
+       case TYPE_INT:     f->value.i = 0; break;
+       case TYPE_FLOAT:   f->value.f = 0.0; break;
+       case TYPE_DOUBLE:  f->value.d = 0.0; break;
+       case TYPE_ADDRESS: f->value.a = NULL; break;
        case TYPE_LONG:
 #if U8_AVAILABLE
                f->value.l = 0; break;
@@ -947,22 +1037,31 @@ static void field_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, fieldinfo *f)
        }
 
        /* read attributes */
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return false;
+
        attrnum = suck_u2(cb);
        for (i = 0; i < attrnum; i++) {
                utf *aname;
 
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                       return false;
+
                aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
                
                if (aname != utf_constantvalue) {
                        /* unknown attribute */
-                       skipattributebody(cb);
+                       if (!skipattributebody(cb))
+                               return false;
 
                } else {
                        /* constant value attribute */
-
                        if (pindex != field_load_NOVALUE)
                                panic("Field has more than one ConstantValue attribute");
                        
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
                        /* check attribute length */
                        if (suck_u4(cb) != 2)
                                panic("ConstantValue attribute has invalid length");
@@ -1012,12 +1111,16 @@ static void field_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, fieldinfo *f)
                        }
                }
        }
+
+       /* everything was ok */
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 
 /********************** function: field_free **********************************/
 
-static void field_free (fieldinfo *f)
+static void field_free(fieldinfo *f)
 {
        /* empty */
 }
@@ -1038,67 +1141,87 @@ void field_display(fieldinfo *f)
 
 
 /******************************************************************************/
-/************************* Functions for methods ******************************/ 
+/************************* Functions for methods ******************************/
 /******************************************************************************/
 
 
-/*********************** Function: method_load *********************************
+/* method_load *****************************************************************
 
-       Loads a method from the class file and fills an existing 'methodinfo'
-       structure. For native methods, the function pointer field is set to the
-       real function pointer, for JavaVM methods a pointer to the compiler is used
-       preliminarily.
+   Loads a method from the class file and fills an existing 'methodinfo'
+   structure. For native methods, the function pointer field is set to the
+   real function pointer, for JavaVM methods a pointer to the compiler is used
+   preliminarily.
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void method_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, methodinfo *m)
+static bool method_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, methodinfo *m)
 {
-       u4 attrnum, i, e;
-       int argcount;
-       
+       s4 argcount;
+       s4 i, j;
+       u4 attrnum;
+       u4 codeattrnum;
+
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_all_methods++;
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_all_methods++;
 #endif
-       m->thrownexceptionscount=0;
-       m->linenumbercount=0;
-       m->linenumbers=0;
+
+       m->thrownexceptionscount = 0;
+       m->linenumbercount = 0;
+       m->linenumbers = 0;
        m->class = c;
+       m->nativelyoverloaded = false;
        
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2 + 2))
+               return false;
+
        m->flags = suck_u2(cb);
        m->name = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+       m->descriptor = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
        if (opt_verify) {
                if (!is_valid_name_utf(m->name))
                        panic("Method with invalid name");
+
                if (m->name->text[0] == '<'
                        && m->name != utf_init && m->name != utf_clinit)
                        panic("Method with invalid special name");
        }
        
-       m->descriptor = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
-       argcount = checkmethoddescriptor(m->descriptor);
-       if ((m->flags & ACC_STATIC) == 0)
+       argcount = checkmethoddescriptor(c, m->descriptor);
+
+       if (!(m->flags & ACC_STATIC))
                argcount++; /* count the 'this' argument */
 
        if (opt_verify) {
                if (argcount > 255)
-                       panic("Method has more than 255 arguments");
+                       panic("Too many arguments in signature");
 
                /* check flag consistency */
                if (m->name != utf_clinit) {
                        i = (m->flags & (ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_PROTECTED));
+
                        if (i != 0 && i != ACC_PUBLIC && i != ACC_PRIVATE && i != ACC_PROTECTED)
                                panic("Method has invalid access flags");
+
                        if ((m->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) != 0) {
-                               if ((m->flags & (ACC_FINAL | ACC_NATIVE | ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_STATIC
-                                                                | ACC_STRICT | ACC_SYNCHRONIZED)) != 0)
-                                       panic("Abstract method has invalid flags set");
+                               if ((m->flags & (ACC_FINAL | ACC_NATIVE | ACC_PRIVATE |
+                                                                ACC_STATIC | ACC_STRICT | ACC_SYNCHRONIZED))) {
+                                       *exceptionptr =
+                                               new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                        "Illegal method modifiers: 0x%x",
+                                                                                        m->flags);
+
+                                       return false;
+                               }
                        }
+
                        if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0) {
                                if ((m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_PUBLIC))
                                        != (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_PUBLIC))
                                        panic("Interface method is not declared abstract and public");
                        }
+
                        if (m->name == utf_init) {
                                if ((m->flags & (ACC_STATIC | ACC_FINAL | ACC_SYNCHRONIZED
                                                                 | ACC_NATIVE | ACC_ABSTRACT)) != 0)
@@ -1108,10 +1231,18 @@ static void method_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, methodinfo *m)
        }
                
        m->jcode = NULL;
+       m->basicblockcount = 0;
+       m->basicblocks = NULL;
+       m->basicblockindex = NULL;
+       m->instructioncount = 0;
+       m->instructions = NULL;
+       m->stackcount = 0;
+       m->stack = NULL;
        m->exceptiontable = NULL;
-       m->entrypoint = NULL;
-       m->mcode = NULL;
+       m->registerdata = NULL;
        m->stubroutine = NULL;
+       m->mcode = NULL;
+       m->entrypoint = NULL;
        m->methodUsed = NOTUSED;    
        m->monoPoly = MONO;    
        m->subRedefs = 0;
@@ -1130,105 +1261,183 @@ static void method_load(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c, methodinfo *m)
                }
        }
        
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return false;
        
        attrnum = suck_u2(cb);
        for (i = 0; i < attrnum; i++) {
                utf *aname;
 
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                       return false;
+
                aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
                if (aname != utf_code) {
                        if (aname == utf_exceptions) {
-                               u2 exceptionCount;
-                               u2 exceptionID;
+                               s4 j;
+                               
+                               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                                       return false;
+
                                suck_u4(cb); /*length*/
-                               exceptionCount=suck_u2(cb);
-                               m->thrownexceptionscount=exceptionCount;
-                               m->thrownexceptions=MNEW(classinfo*,exceptionCount);
-                               for (exceptionID=0;exceptionID<exceptionCount;exceptionID++) {
-                                       (m->thrownexceptions)[exceptionID]=class_getconstant(c,suck_u2(cb),CONSTANT_Class);
+                               m->thrownexceptionscount = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 * m->thrownexceptionscount))
+                                       return false;
+
+                               m->thrownexceptions = MNEW(classinfo*, m->thrownexceptionscount);
+
+                               for (j = 0; j < m->thrownexceptionscount; j++) {
+                                       (m->thrownexceptions)[j] =
+                                               class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class);
                                }
+                               
+                       } else {
+                               if (!skipattributebody(cb))
+                                       return false;
                        }
-                       else
-                       skipattributebody(cb);
 
                } else {
-                       u4 codelen;
-                       if ((m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_NATIVE)) != 0)
-                               panic("Code attribute for native or abstract method");
+                       if (m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_NATIVE)) {
+                                       *exceptionptr =
+                                               new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                        "Code attribute in native or abstract methods");
+
+                                       return false;
+                       }
                        
-                       if (m->jcode)
-                               panic("Method has more than one Code attribute");
+                       if (m->jcode) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Multiple Code attributes");
+
+                               return false;
+                       }
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2 + 2))
+                               return false;
 
                        suck_u4(cb);
                        m->maxstack = suck_u2(cb);
                        m->maxlocals = suck_u2(cb);
-                       if (m->maxlocals < argcount)
-                               panic("max_locals is smaller than the number of arguments");
+
+                       if (m->maxlocals < argcount) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c, "Arguments can't fit into locals");
+
+                               return false;
+                       }
                        
-                       codelen = suck_u4(cb);
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4))
+                               return false;
+
+                       m->jcodelength = suck_u4(cb);
 
-                       if (codelen == 0)
+                       if (m->jcodelength == 0)
                                panic("bytecode has zero length");
 
-                       if (codelen > 65536)
-                               panic("bytecode too long");
+                       if (m->jcodelength > 65535) {
+                               *exceptionptr =
+                                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                "Code of a method longer than 65535 bytes");
+
+                               return false;
+                       }
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, m->jcodelength))
+                               return false;
 
-                       m->jcodelength = codelen;
                        m->jcode = MNEW(u1, m->jcodelength);
                        suck_nbytes(m->jcode, cb, m->jcodelength);
 
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
+
                        m->exceptiontablelength = suck_u2(cb);
-                       m->exceptiontable = 
-                               MNEW(exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-                       count_vmcode_len += m->jcodelength + 18;
-                       count_extable_len += 8 * m->exceptiontablelength;
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, (2 + 2 + 2 + 2) * m->exceptiontablelength))
+                               return false;
+
+                       m->exceptiontable = MNEW(exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
+
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat) {
+                               count_vmcode_len += m->jcodelength + 18;
+                               count_extable_len += 8 * m->exceptiontablelength;
+                       }
 #endif
 
-                       for (e = 0; e < m->exceptiontablelength; e++) {
+                       for (j = 0; j < m->exceptiontablelength; j++) {
                                u4 idx;
-                               m->exceptiontable[e].startpc = suck_u2(cb);
-                               m->exceptiontable[e].endpc = suck_u2(cb);
-                               m->exceptiontable[e].handlerpc = suck_u2(cb);
+                               m->exceptiontable[j].startpc = suck_u2(cb);
+                               m->exceptiontable[j].endpc = suck_u2(cb);
+                               m->exceptiontable[j].handlerpc = suck_u2(cb);
 
                                idx = suck_u2(cb);
                                if (!idx) {
-                                       m->exceptiontable[e].catchtype = NULL;
+                                       m->exceptiontable[j].catchtype = NULL;
 
                                } else {
-                                       m->exceptiontable[e].catchtype =
+                                       m->exceptiontable[j].catchtype =
                                                class_getconstant(c, idx, CONSTANT_Class);
                                }
-                       }                       
-                       {
-                               u2 codeattrnum;
-                               for (codeattrnum=suck_u2(cb);codeattrnum>0;codeattrnum--) {
-                                       utf * caname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
-                                       if (caname==utf_linenumbertable) {
-                                               u2 lncid;
-                                               /*log_text("LineNumberTable found");*/
-                                               suck_u4(cb);
-                                               m->linenumbercount=suck_u2(cb);
-                                               /*printf("length:%d\n",m->linenumbercount);*/
-                                               m->linenumbers=MNEW(lineinfo,m->linenumbercount);
-                                               for (lncid=0;lncid<m->linenumbercount;lncid++) {
-                                                       m->linenumbers[lncid].start_pc=suck_u2(cb);
-                                                       m->linenumbers[lncid].line_number=suck_u2(cb);
-                                               }
-                                               codeattrnum--;
-                                               skipattributes(cb, codeattrnum);
-                                               break;
-                                       } else skipattributebody(cb);
+                       }
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       codeattrnum = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       for (; codeattrnum > 0; codeattrnum--) {
+                               utf *caname;
+
+                               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                                       return false;
+
+                               caname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+
+                               if (caname == utf_linenumbertable) {
+                                       u2 lncid;
+
+                                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2))
+                                               return false;
+
+                                       suck_u4(cb);
+                                       m->linenumbercount = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb,
+                                                                                               (2 + 2) * m->linenumbercount))
+                                               return false;
+
+                                       m->linenumbers = MNEW(lineinfo, m->linenumbercount);
                                        
-                               }                               
+                                       for (lncid = 0; lncid < m->linenumbercount; lncid++) {
+                                               m->linenumbers[lncid].start_pc = suck_u2(cb);
+                                               m->linenumbers[lncid].line_number = suck_u2(cb);
+                                       }
+                                       codeattrnum--;
+
+                                       if (!skipattributes(cb, codeattrnum))
+                                               return false;
+                                       
+                                       break;
+                               } else {
+                                       if (!skipattributebody(cb))
+                                               return false;
+                               }
                        }
                }
        }
 
-       if (!m->jcode && (m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_NATIVE)) == 0)
-               panic("Method missing Code attribute");
+       if (!m->jcode && !(m->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_NATIVE))) {
+               *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Missing Code attribute");
+
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       /* everything was ok */
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 
@@ -1358,7 +1567,7 @@ u4 class_constanttype(classinfo *c, u4 pos)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_loadcpool(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c)
+static bool class_loadcpool(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c)
 {
 
        /* The following structures are used to save information which cannot be 
@@ -1406,18 +1615,26 @@ static void class_loadcpool(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c)
        forward_nameandtype *forward_nameandtypes = NULL;
        forward_fieldmethint *forward_fieldmethints = NULL;
 
+       u4 cpcount;
+       u1 *cptags;
+       voidptr *cpinfos;
+
        /* number of entries in the constant_pool table plus one */
-       u4 cpcount       = c->cpcount = suck_u2(cb);
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return false;
+
+       cpcount = c->cpcount = suck_u2(cb);
 
        /* allocate memory */
-       u1 *cptags       = c->cptags  = MNEW(u1, cpcount);
-       voidptr *cpinfos = c->cpinfos = MNEW(voidptr, cpcount);
+       cptags  = c->cptags  = MNEW(u1, cpcount);
+       cpinfos = c->cpinfos = MNEW(voidptr, cpcount);
 
        if (!cpcount)
                panic("Invalid constant_pool_count (0)");
        
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += (sizeof(voidptr) + 1) * cpcount;
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_const_pool_len += (sizeof(voidptr) + 1) * cpcount;
 #endif
        
        /* initialize constantpool */
@@ -1433,206 +1650,268 @@ static void class_loadcpool(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c)
                   
        idx = 1;
        while (idx < cpcount) {
+               u4 t;
+
                /* get constant type */
-               u4 t = suck_u1(cb);
+               if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 1))
+                       return false;
+
+               t = suck_u1(cb);
 
                switch (t) {
-                       case CONSTANT_Class: { 
-                               forward_class *nfc = DNEW(forward_class);
+               case CONSTANT_Class: { 
+                       forward_class *nfc = DNEW(forward_class);
 
-                               nfc -> next = forward_classes;                                                                                  
-                               forward_classes = nfc;
+                       nfc->next = forward_classes;
+                       forward_classes = nfc;
 
-                               nfc -> thisindex = idx;
-                               /* reference to CONSTANT_NameAndType */
-                               nfc -> name_index = suck_u2(cb);
+                       nfc->thisindex = idx;
+                       /* reference to CONSTANT_NameAndType */
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
 
-                               idx++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       nfc->name_index = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
                        
-                       case CONSTANT_Fieldref:
-                       case CONSTANT_Methodref:
-                       case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: { 
-                               forward_fieldmethint *nff = DNEW (forward_fieldmethint);
+               case CONSTANT_Fieldref:
+               case CONSTANT_Methodref:
+               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: { 
+                       forward_fieldmethint *nff = DNEW(forward_fieldmethint);
                                
-                               nff -> next = forward_fieldmethints;
-                               forward_fieldmethints = nff;
-
-                               nff -> thisindex = idx;
-                               /* constant type */
-                               nff -> tag = t;
-                               /* class or interface type that contains the declaration of the field or method */
-                               nff -> class_index = suck_u2(cb);
-                               /* name and descriptor of the field or method */
-                               nff -> nameandtype_index = suck_u2(cb);
-
-                               idx ++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       nff->next = forward_fieldmethints;
+                       forward_fieldmethints = nff;
+
+                       nff->thisindex = idx;
+                       /* constant type */
+                       nff->tag = t;
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       /* class or interface type that contains the declaration of the
+                          field or method */
+                       nff->class_index = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       /* name and descriptor of the field or method */
+                       nff->nameandtype_index = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
                                
-                       case CONSTANT_String: {
-                               forward_string *nfs = DNEW(forward_string);
+               case CONSTANT_String: {
+                       forward_string *nfs = DNEW(forward_string);
                                
-                               nfs->next = forward_strings;
-                               forward_strings = nfs;
+                       nfs->next = forward_strings;
+                       forward_strings = nfs;
                                
-                               nfs->thisindex = idx;
-                               /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info with string characters */
-                               nfs->string_index = suck_u2(cb);
+                       nfs->thisindex = idx;
+
+                       /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info with string characters */
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       nfs->string_index = suck_u2(cb);
                                
-                               idx ++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
 
-                       case CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
-                               forward_nameandtype *nfn = DNEW (forward_nameandtype);
+               case CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
+                       forward_nameandtype *nfn = DNEW(forward_nameandtype);
                                
-                               nfn -> next = forward_nameandtypes;
-                               forward_nameandtypes = nfn;
+                       nfn->next = forward_nameandtypes;
+                       forward_nameandtypes = nfn;
                                
-                               nfn -> thisindex = idx;
-                               /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info containing simple name */
-                               nfn -> name_index = suck_u2(cb);
-                               /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info containing field or method descriptor */
-                               nfn -> sig_index = suck_u2(cb);
+                       nfn->thisindex = idx;
+
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info containing simple name */
+                       nfn->name_index = suck_u2(cb);
+
+                       /* reference to CONSTANT_Utf8_info containing field or method
+                          descriptor */
+                       nfn->sig_index = suck_u2(cb);
                                
-                               idx ++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
 
-                       case CONSTANT_Integer: {
-                               constant_integer *ci = NEW (constant_integer);
+               case CONSTANT_Integer: {
+                       constant_integer *ci = NEW(constant_integer);
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_integer);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat)
+                               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_integer);
 #endif
 
-                               ci -> value = suck_s4(cb);
-                               cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Integer;
-                               cpinfos [idx] = ci;
-                               idx ++;
-                               
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4))
+                               return false;
+
+                       ci->value = suck_s4(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Integer;
+                       cpinfos[idx] = ci;
+
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
                                
-                       case CONSTANT_Float: {
-                               constant_float *cf = NEW (constant_float);
+               case CONSTANT_Float: {
+                       constant_float *cf = NEW(constant_float);
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_float);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat)
+                               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_float);
 #endif
 
-                               cf -> value = suck_float(cb);
-                               cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Float;
-                               cpinfos[idx] = cf;
-                               idx ++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4))
+                               return false;
+
+                       cf->value = suck_float(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Float;
+                       cpinfos[idx] = cf;
+
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
                                
-                       case CONSTANT_Long: {
-                               constant_long *cl = NEW(constant_long);
+               case CONSTANT_Long: {
+                       constant_long *cl = NEW(constant_long);
                                        
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_long);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat)
+                               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_long);
 #endif
 
-                               cl -> value = suck_s8(cb);
-                               cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Long;
-                               cpinfos [idx] = cl;
-                               idx += 2;
-                               if (idx > cpcount)
-                                       panic("Long constant exceeds constant pool");
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 8))
+                               return false;
+
+                       cl->value = suck_s8(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Long;
+                       cpinfos[idx] = cl;
+                       idx += 2;
+                       if (idx > cpcount)
+                               panic("Long constant exceeds constant pool");
+                       break;
+               }
                        
-                       case CONSTANT_Double: {
-                               constant_double *cd = NEW(constant_double);
+               case CONSTANT_Double: {
+                       constant_double *cd = NEW(constant_double);
                                
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_double);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+                       if (opt_stat)
+                               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_double);
 #endif
 
-                               cd -> value = suck_double(cb);
-                               cptags [idx] = CONSTANT_Double;
-                               cpinfos [idx] = cd;
-                               idx += 2;
-                               if (idx > cpcount)
-                                       panic("Double constant exceeds constant pool");
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 8))
+                               return false;
+
+                       cd->value = suck_double(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Double;
+                       cpinfos[idx] = cd;
+                       idx += 2;
+                       if (idx > cpcount)
+                               panic("Double constant exceeds constant pool");
+                       break;
+               }
                                
-                       case CONSTANT_Utf8: { 
-
-                               /* number of bytes in the bytes array (not string-length) */
-                               u4 length = suck_u2(cb);
-                               cptags [idx]  = CONSTANT_Utf8;
-                               /* validate the string */
-                               ASSERT_LEFT(cb, length);
-                               if (opt_verify &&
-                                       !is_valid_utf(cb->pos + 1, cb->pos + 1 + length))
-                               {
-                                       dolog("Invalid UTF-8 string (constant pool index %d)",idx);
-                                       panic("Invalid UTF-8 string");
-                               }
-                               /* insert utf-string into the utf-symboltable */
-                               cpinfos[idx] = utf_new_int(cb->pos + 1, length);
+               case CONSTANT_Utf8: { 
+                       u4 length;
 
-                               /* skip bytes of the string */
-                               skip_nbytes(cb, length);
-                               idx++;
-                               break;
-                               }
+                       /* number of bytes in the bytes array (not string-length) */
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+                               return false;
+
+                       length = suck_u2(cb);
+                       cptags[idx] = CONSTANT_Utf8;
+
+                       /* validate the string */
+                       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, length))
+                               return false;
+
+                       if (opt_verify &&
+                               !is_valid_utf(cb->pos + 1, cb->pos + 1 + length)) {
+                               dolog("Invalid UTF-8 string (constant pool index %d)",idx);
+                               panic("Invalid UTF-8 string");
+                       }
+                       /* insert utf-string into the utf-symboltable */
+                       cpinfos[idx] = utf_new_intern(cb->pos + 1, length);
+
+                       /* skip bytes of the string (buffer size check above) */
+                       skip_nbytes(cb, length);
+                       idx++;
+                       break;
+               }
                                                                                
-                       default:
-                               error ("Unkown constant type: %d",(int) t);
-               
-                       }  /* end switch */
-                       
-               } /* end while */
-               
+               default:
+                       error("Unkown constant type: %d",(int) t);
+               }  /* end switch */
+       } /* end while */
 
 
-          /* resolve entries in temporary structures */
+       /* resolve entries in temporary structures */
 
        while (forward_classes) {
                utf *name =
-                 class_getconstant (c, forward_classes -> name_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
+                       class_getconstant(c, forward_classes->name_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
                if (opt_verify && !is_valid_name_utf(name))
                        panic("Class reference with invalid name");
 
-               cptags  [forward_classes -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_Class;
+               cptags[forward_classes->thisindex] = CONSTANT_Class;
                /* retrieve class from class-table */
-               cpinfos [forward_classes -> thisindex] = class_new_int (name);
+               if (opt_eager) {
+                       classinfo *tc;
+                       tc = class_new_intern(name);
 
-               forward_classes = forward_classes -> next;
-               
+                       if (!class_load(tc))
+                               return false;
+
+                       /* link the class later, so we cannot link the currently loaded
+                          class */
+                       list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, tc);
+
+                       cpinfos[forward_classes->thisindex] = tc;
+
+               } else {
+                       cpinfos[forward_classes->thisindex] = class_new(name);
                }
 
+               forward_classes = forward_classes->next;
+       }
+
        while (forward_strings) {
-               utf *text = 
-                       class_getconstant (c, forward_strings -> string_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
+               utf *text =
+                       class_getconstant(c, forward_strings->string_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
                /* resolve utf-string */                
-               cptags   [forward_strings -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_String;
-               cpinfos  [forward_strings -> thisindex] = text;
+               cptags[forward_strings->thisindex] = CONSTANT_String;
+               cpinfos[forward_strings->thisindex] = text;
                
-               forward_strings = forward_strings -> next;
-               }       
+               forward_strings = forward_strings->next;
+       }
 
        while (forward_nameandtypes) {
-               constant_nameandtype *cn = NEW (constant_nameandtype);  
+               constant_nameandtype *cn = NEW(constant_nameandtype);   
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_nameandtype);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+               if (opt_stat)
+                       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_nameandtype);
 #endif
 
                /* resolve simple name and descriptor */
-               cn -> name = class_getconstant 
-                  (c, forward_nameandtypes -> name_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
-               cn -> descriptor = class_getconstant
-                  (c, forward_nameandtypes -> sig_index, CONSTANT_Utf8);
+               cn->name = class_getconstant(c,
+                                                                        forward_nameandtypes->name_index,
+                                                                        CONSTANT_Utf8);
+
+               cn->descriptor = class_getconstant(c,
+                                                                                  forward_nameandtypes->sig_index,
+                                                                                  CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
                if (opt_verify) {
                        /* check name */
@@ -1643,19 +1922,19 @@ static void class_loadcpool(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c)
                                panic("NameAndType with invalid special name");
                }
 
-               cptags   [forward_nameandtypes -> thisindex] = CONSTANT_NameAndType;
-               cpinfos  [forward_nameandtypes -> thisindex] = cn;
+               cptags[forward_nameandtypes->thisindex] = CONSTANT_NameAndType;
+               cpinfos[forward_nameandtypes->thisindex] = cn;
                
-               forward_nameandtypes = forward_nameandtypes -> next;
-               }
-
+               forward_nameandtypes = forward_nameandtypes->next;
+       }
 
-       while (forward_fieldmethints)  {
+       while (forward_fieldmethints) {
                constant_nameandtype *nat;
                constant_FMIref *fmi = NEW(constant_FMIref);
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-               count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_FMIref);
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+               if (opt_stat)
+                       count_const_pool_len += sizeof(constant_FMIref);
 #endif
                /* resolve simple name and descriptor */
                nat = class_getconstant(c,
@@ -1673,20 +1952,23 @@ static void class_loadcpool(classbuffer *cb, classinfo *c)
        
                switch (forward_fieldmethints->tag) {
                case CONSTANT_Fieldref:  /* check validity of descriptor */
-                       checkfielddescriptor(fmi->descriptor->text,utf_end(fmi->descriptor));
+                       checkfielddescriptor(fmi->descriptor->text,
+                                                                utf_end(fmi->descriptor));
                        break;
-               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: 
+               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
                case CONSTANT_Methodref: /* check validity of descriptor */
-                       checkmethoddescriptor(fmi->descriptor);
+                       checkmethoddescriptor(c, fmi->descriptor);
                        break;
                }
        
                forward_fieldmethints = forward_fieldmethints->next;
        }
 
-/*     class_showconstantpool(c); */
-
        dump_release(dumpsize);
+
+       /* everything was ok */
+
+       return true;
 }
 
 
@@ -1743,10 +2025,9 @@ classinfo *class_load(classinfo *c)
 
        if ((cb = suck_start(c)) == NULL) {
                /* this means, the classpath was not set properly */
-               if (c->name == utf_java_lang_Object) {
-                       printf("Exception in thread \"main\" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: java/lang/Object\n");
-                       exit(1);
-               }
+               if (c->name == utf_java_lang_Object)
+                       throw_cacao_exception_exit(string_java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError,
+                                                                          "java/lang/Object");
 
                *exceptionptr =
                        new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError,
@@ -1768,9 +2049,13 @@ classinfo *class_load(classinfo *c)
        r = class_load_intern(cb);
 
        /* if return value is NULL, we had a problem and the class is not loaded */
-       if (!r)
+       if (!r) {
                c->loaded = false;
 
+               /* now free the allocated memory, otherwise we could ran into a DOS */
+               class_remove(c);
+       }
+
        /* free memory */
        suck_stop(cb);
 
@@ -1798,7 +2083,8 @@ classinfo *class_load_intern(classbuffer *cb)
        classinfo *c;
        u4 i;
        u4 mi, ma;
-       s4 classdata_left;
+/*     s4 classdata_left; */
+       char msg[MAXLOGTEXT];               /* maybe we get an exception */
 
        /* get the classbuffer's class */
        c = cb->class;
@@ -1807,30 +2093,24 @@ classinfo *class_load_intern(classbuffer *cb)
        if (c->loaded)
                return c;
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_class_loads++;
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_class_loads++;
 #endif
 
        /* output for debugging purposes */
-       if (loadverbose) {              
-               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
-               sprintf(logtext, "Loading class: ");
-               utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
-               log_text(logtext);
-       }
+       if (loadverbose)
+               log_message_class("Loading class: ", c);
        
        /* class is somewhat loaded */
        c->loaded = true;
 
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 4 + 2 + 2))
+               return NULL;
+
        /* check signature */
        if (suck_u4(cb) != MAGIC) {
-               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
-               utf_sprint_classname(logtext, c->name);
-               sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " (Bad magic number)");
-
-               *exceptionptr =
-                       new_exception_message(string_java_lang_ClassFormatError,
-                                                                 logtext);
+               *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Bad magic number");
 
                return NULL;
        }
@@ -1839,20 +2119,18 @@ classinfo *class_load_intern(classbuffer *cb)
        mi = suck_u2(cb);
        ma = suck_u2(cb);
 
-       if (ma != MAJOR_VERSION && (ma != MAJOR_VERSION + 1 || mi != 0)) {
-               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
-               utf_sprint_classname(logtext, c->name);
-               sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext),
-                               " (Unsupported major.minor version %d.%d)", ma, mi);
-
+       if (!(ma < MAJOR_VERSION || (ma == MAJOR_VERSION && mi <= MINOR_VERSION))) {
                *exceptionptr =
-                       new_exception_message(string_java_lang_ClassFormatError,
-                                                                 logtext);
+                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                "Unsupported major.minor version %d.%d",
+                                                                ma, mi);
 
                return NULL;
        }
 
-       class_loadcpool(cb, c);
+       if (!class_loadcpool(cb, c))
+               return NULL;
+
        /*JOWENN*/
        c->erroneous_state = 0;
        c->initializing_thread = 0;     
@@ -1861,39 +2139,56 @@ classinfo *class_load_intern(classbuffer *cb)
        c->impldBy = NULL;
 
        /* ACC flags */
-       c->flags = suck_u2(cb); 
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
+
+       c->flags = suck_u2(cb);
        /*if (!(c->flags & ACC_PUBLIC)) { log_text("CLASS NOT PUBLIC"); } JOWENN*/
 
        /* check ACC flags consistency */
-       if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0) {
-               if ((c->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) == 0) {
+       if (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) {
+               if (!(c->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT)) {
                        /* We work around this because interfaces in JDK 1.1 are
                         * not declared abstract. */
 
                        c->flags |= ACC_ABSTRACT;
                        /* panic("Interface class not declared abstract"); */
                }
-               if ((c->flags & (ACC_FINAL)) != 0)
-                       panic("Interface class has invalid flags");
-               if ((c->flags & (ACC_SUPER)) != 0)
+
+               if (c->flags & ACC_FINAL) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                        "Illegal class modifiers: 0x%x", c->flags);
+
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               if (c->flags & ACC_SUPER) {
                        c->flags &= ~ACC_SUPER; /* kjc seems to set this on interfaces */
+               }
+       }
+
+       if ((c->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL)) == (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL)) {
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_classformaterror(c, "Illegal class modifiers: 0x%x", c->flags);
+
+               return NULL;
        }
-       if ((c->flags & (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL)) == (ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL))
-               panic("Class is declared both abstract and final");
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 + 2))
+               return NULL;
 
        /* this class */
        i = suck_u2(cb);
        if (class_getconstant(c, i, CONSTANT_Class) != c) {
-               char message[MAXLOGTEXT];
-               utf_sprint(message, c->name);
-               sprintf(message + strlen(message), " (wrong name: ");
-               utf_sprint(message + strlen(message),
+               utf_sprint(msg, c->name);
+               sprintf(msg + strlen(msg), " (wrong name: ");
+               utf_sprint(msg + strlen(msg),
                                   ((classinfo *) class_getconstant(c, i, CONSTANT_Class))->name);
-               sprintf(message + strlen(message), ")");
+               sprintf(msg + strlen(msg), ")");
 
                *exceptionptr =
-                       new_exception_message(string_java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError,
-                                                                 message);
+                       new_exception_message(string_java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError, msg);
 
                return NULL;
        }
@@ -1903,44 +2198,72 @@ classinfo *class_load_intern(classbuffer *cb)
                c->super = class_getconstant(c, i, CONSTANT_Class);
 
                /* java.lang.Object may not have a super class. */
-               if (c->name == utf_java_lang_Object)
-                       panic("java.lang.Object with super class");
+               if (c->name == utf_java_lang_Object) {
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_message(string_java_lang_ClassFormatError,
+                                                                         "java.lang.Object with superclass");
 
-               /* Interfaces must have j.l.O as super class. */
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               /* Interfaces must have java.lang.Object as super class. */
                if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) &&
                        c->super->name != utf_java_lang_Object) {
-                       panic("Interface with super class other than java.lang.Object");
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_message(string_java_lang_ClassFormatError,
+                                                                         "Interfaces must have java.lang.Object as superclass");
+
+                       return NULL;
                }
 
        } else {
                c->super = NULL;
 
                /* This is only allowed for java.lang.Object. */
-               if (c->name != utf_java_lang_Object)
-                       panic("Class (not java.lang.Object) without super class");
+               if (c->name != utf_java_lang_Object) {
+                       *exceptionptr = new_classformaterror(c, "Bad superclass index");
+
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+                       
        }
                         
        /* retrieve interfaces */
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
+
        c->interfacescount = suck_u2(cb);
+
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2 * c->interfacescount))
+               return NULL;
+
        c->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
        for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
-               c->interfaces[i] =
-                       class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class);
+               c->interfaces[i] = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(cb), CONSTANT_Class);
        }
 
        /* load fields */
-       c->fieldscount = suck_u2(cb);
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
 
+       c->fieldscount = suck_u2(cb);
        c->fields = GCNEW(fieldinfo, c->fieldscount);
+/*     c->fields = MNEW(fieldinfo, c->fieldscount); */
        for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++) {
-               field_load(cb, c, &(c->fields[i]));
+               if (!field_load(cb, c, &(c->fields[i])))
+                       return NULL;
        }
 
        /* load methods */
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
+
        c->methodscount = suck_u2(cb);
-       c->methods = MNEW(methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+       c->methods = GCNEW(methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+/*     c->methods = MNEW(methodinfo, c->methodscount); */
        for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
-               method_load(cb, c, &(c->methods[i]));
+               if (!method_load(cb, c, &(c->methods[i])))
+                       return NULL;
        }
 
        /* Check if all fields and methods can be uniquely
@@ -1975,65 +2298,75 @@ classinfo *class_load_intern(classbuffer *cb)
 
                /* Check fields */
                memset(hashtab, 0, sizeof(u2) * (hashlen + len));
+
                for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; ++i) {
                        fieldinfo *fi = c->fields + i;
+
                        /* It's ok if we lose bits here */
-                       index = ((((size_t)fi->name) + ((size_t)fi->descriptor)) >> shift)
-                                 % hashlen;
-                       if ((old = hashtab[index]) != 0) {
+                       index = ((((size_t) fi->name) +
+                                         ((size_t) fi->descriptor)) >> shift) % hashlen;
+
+                       if ((old = hashtab[index])) {
                                old--;
-                               /* dolog("HASHHIT %d --> %d",index,old); */
                                next[i] = old;
                                do {
-                                       /* dolog("HASHCHECK %d",old); */
                                        if (c->fields[old].name == fi->name &&
                                                c->fields[old].descriptor == fi->descriptor) {
-                                               dolog("Duplicate field (%d,%d):",i,old);
-                                               log_utf(fi->name); log_utf(fi->descriptor);
-                                               panic("Fields with same name and descriptor");
+                                               *exceptionptr =
+                                                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                                "Repetitive field name/signature");
+
+                                               return NULL;
                                        }
-                               } while ((old = next[old]) != 0);
+                               } while ((old = next[old]));
                        }
-                       /* else dolog("HASHLUCKY"); */
                        hashtab[index] = i + 1;
                }
                
                /* Check methods */
                memset(hashtab, 0, sizeof(u2) * (hashlen + len));
+
                for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; ++i) {
                        methodinfo *mi = c->methods + i;
+
                        /* It's ok if we lose bits here */
-                       index = ((((size_t)mi->name) + ((size_t)mi->descriptor)) >> shift)
-                                 % hashlen;
-                       if ((old = hashtab[index]) != 0) {
+                       index = ((((size_t) mi->name) +
+                                         ((size_t) mi->descriptor)) >> shift) % hashlen;
+
+                       if ((old = hashtab[index])) {
                                old--;
-                               /* dolog("HASHHIT %d --> %d",index,old); */
                                next[i] = old;
                                do {
-                                       /* dolog("HASHCHECK %d",old); */
                                        if (c->methods[old].name == mi->name &&
                                                c->methods[old].descriptor == mi->descriptor) {
-                                               dolog("Duplicate method (%d,%d):",i,old);
-                                               log_utf(mi->name); log_utf(mi->descriptor);
-                                               panic("Methods with same name and descriptor");
+                                               *exceptionptr =
+                                                       new_classformaterror(c,
+                                                                                                "Repetitive method name/signature");
+
+                                               return NULL;
                                        }
-                               } while ((old = next[old]) != 0);
+                               } while ((old = next[old]));
                        }
-                       /* else dolog("HASHLUCKY"); */
                        hashtab[index] = i + 1;
                }
                
-               MFREE(hashtab,u2,(hashlen + len));
+               MFREE(hashtab, u2, (hashlen + len));
        }
 
-#ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(classinfo*) * c->interfacescount;
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(fieldinfo) * c->fieldscount;
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(methodinfo) * c->methodscount;
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat) {
+               count_class_infos += sizeof(classinfo*) * c->interfacescount;
+               count_class_infos += sizeof(fieldinfo) * c->fieldscount;
+               count_class_infos += sizeof(methodinfo) * c->methodscount;
+       }
 #endif
 
        /* load variable-length attribute structures */ 
-       attribute_load(cb, c, suck_u2(cb));
+       if (!check_classbuffer_size(cb, 2))
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (!attribute_load(cb, c, suck_u2(cb)))
+               return NULL;
 
 #if 0
        /* XXX TWISTI is this still in the JVM spec? SUN and IBM don't complain about it */
@@ -2049,6 +2382,9 @@ classinfo *class_load_intern(classbuffer *cb)
        }
 #endif
 
+       if (loadverbose)
+               log_message_class("Loading done class: ", c);
+
        return c;
 }
 
@@ -2088,16 +2424,17 @@ static s4 class_highestinterface(classinfo *c)
        Is needed by class_link for adding a VTBL to a class. All interfaces
        implemented by ic are added as well.
 
-*******************************************************************************/       
+*******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_addinterface (classinfo *c, classinfo *ic)
+static void class_addinterface(classinfo *c, classinfo *ic)
 {
        s4     j, m;
        s4     i     = ic->index;
        vftbl *vftbl = c->vftbl;
-       
+
        if (i >= vftbl->interfacetablelength)
                panic ("Inernal error: interfacetable overflow");
+
        if (vftbl->interfacetable[-i])
                return;
 
@@ -2105,32 +2442,34 @@ static void class_addinterface (classinfo *c, classinfo *ic)
                vftbl->interfacevftbllength[i] = 1;
                vftbl->interfacetable[-i] = MNEW(methodptr, 1);
                vftbl->interfacetable[-i][0] = NULL;
-               }
-       else {
+
+       else {
                vftbl->interfacevftbllength[i] = ic->methodscount;
-               vftbl->interfacetable[-i] = MNEW(methodptr, ic->methodscount); 
+               vftbl->interfacetable[-i] = MNEW(methodptr, ic->methodscount);
 
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vftbl_len += sizeof(methodptr) *
-                                (ic->methodscount + (ic->methodscount == 0));
+               if (opt_stat)
+                       count_vftbl_len += sizeof(methodptr) *
+                               (ic->methodscount + (ic->methodscount == 0));
 #endif
 
-               for (j=0; j<ic->methodscount; j++) {
+               for (j = 0; j < ic->methodscount; j++) {
                        classinfo *sc = c;
                        while (sc) {
                                for (m = 0; m < sc->methodscount; m++) {
                                        methodinfo *mi = &(sc->methods[m]);
                                        if (method_canoverwrite(mi, &(ic->methods[j]))) {
-                                               vftbl->interfacetable[-i][j] = 
-                                                                         vftbl->table[mi->vftblindex];
+                                               vftbl->interfacetable[-i][j] =
+                                                       vftbl->table[mi->vftblindex];
                                                goto foundmethod;
-                                               }
                                        }
-                               sc = sc->super;
                                }
-                        foundmethod: ;
+                               sc = sc->super;
                        }
+               foundmethod:
+                       ;
                }
+       }
 
        for (j = 0; j < ic->interfacescount; j++) 
                class_addinterface(c, ic->interfaces[j]);
@@ -2156,17 +2495,34 @@ void class_new_array(classinfo *c)
 
        /* Check the component type */
        switch (c->name->text[1]) {
-         case '[':
-                 /* c is an array of arrays. We have to create the component class. */
-                 comp = class_new_int(utf_new_int(c->name->text + 1,namelen - 1));
-                 break;
+       case '[':
+               /* c is an array of arrays. We have to create the component class. */
+               if (opt_eager) {
+                       comp = class_new_intern(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 1,
+                                                                                                  namelen - 1));
+                       class_load(comp);
+                       list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, comp);
 
-         case 'L':
-                 /* c is an array of objects. */
-                 if (namelen < 4 || c->name->text[namelen - 1] != ';')
-                         panic("Invalid array class name");
-                 comp = class_new_int(utf_new_int(c->name->text + 2,namelen - 3));
-                 break;
+               } else {
+                       comp = class_new(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 1, namelen - 1));
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case 'L':
+               /* c is an array of objects. */
+               if (namelen < 4 || c->name->text[namelen - 1] != ';')
+                       panic("Invalid array class name");
+
+               if (opt_eager) {
+                       comp = class_new_intern(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 2,
+                                                                                                  namelen - 3));
+                       class_load(comp);
+                       list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, comp);
+
+               } else {
+                       comp = class_new(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 2, namelen - 3));
+               }
+               break;
        }
 
        /* Setup the array class */
@@ -2175,8 +2531,24 @@ void class_new_array(classinfo *c)
 
     c->interfacescount = 2;
     c->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*, 2);
-    c->interfaces[0] = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
-    c->interfaces[1] = class_new(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
+
+       if (opt_eager) {
+               classinfo *tc;
+
+               tc = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
+               class_load(tc);
+               list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, tc);
+               c->interfaces[0] = tc;
+
+               tc = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
+               class_load(tc);
+               list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, tc);
+               c->interfaces[1] = tc;
+
+       } else {
+               c->interfaces[0] = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
+               c->interfaces[1] = class_new(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
+       }
 
        c->methodscount = 1;
        c->methods = MNEW(methodinfo, c->methodscount);
@@ -2210,7 +2582,7 @@ void class_new_array(classinfo *c)
 static arraydescriptor *class_link_array(classinfo *c)
 {
        classinfo *comp = NULL;
-       int namelen = c->name->blength;
+       s4 namelen = c->name->blength;
        arraydescriptor *desc;
        vftbl *compvftbl;
 
@@ -2218,14 +2590,18 @@ static arraydescriptor *class_link_array(classinfo *c)
        switch (c->name->text[1]) {
        case '[':
                /* c is an array of arrays. */
-               comp = class_get(utf_new_int(c->name->text + 1, namelen - 1));
-               if (!comp) panic("Could not find component array class.");
+/*             comp = class_get(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 1, namelen - 1)); */
+               comp = class_new(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 1, namelen - 1));
+               if (!comp)
+                       panic("Could not find component array class.");
                break;
 
        case 'L':
                /* c is an array of objects. */
-               comp = class_get(utf_new_int(c->name->text + 2, namelen - 3));
-               if (!comp) panic("Could not find component class.");
+/*             comp = class_get(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 2, namelen - 3)); */
+               comp = class_new(utf_new_intern(c->name->text + 2, namelen - 3));
+               if (!comp)
+                       panic("Could not find component class.");
                break;
        }
 
@@ -2243,7 +2619,7 @@ static arraydescriptor *class_link_array(classinfo *c)
                /* c is an array of references */
                desc->arraytype = ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT;
                desc->componentsize = sizeof(void*);
-               desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_objectarray,data);
+               desc->dataoffset = OFFSET(java_objectarray, data);
                
                compvftbl = comp->vftbl;
                if (!compvftbl)
@@ -2338,7 +2714,7 @@ static arraydescriptor *class_link_array(classinfo *c)
 
 static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c);
 
-void class_link(classinfo *c)
+classinfo *class_link(classinfo *c)
 {
        classinfo *r;
        s8 starttime;
@@ -2364,7 +2740,7 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
 #endif
 #endif
 
-               return;
+               return c;
        }
 
        /* measure time */
@@ -2392,6 +2768,8 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
        intsRestore();
 #endif
 #endif
+
+       return r;
 }
 
 
@@ -2410,12 +2788,8 @@ static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c)
        if (c->linked)
                return c;
 
-       if (linkverbose) {
-               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
-               sprintf(logtext, "Linking class: ");
-               utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
-               log_text(logtext);
-       }
+       if (linkverbose)
+               log_message_class("Linking class: ", c);
 
        /* ok, this class is somewhat linked */
        c->linked = true;
@@ -2435,10 +2809,12 @@ static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c)
                }
 
                if (!ic->loaded)
-                       class_load(ic);
+                       if (!class_load(ic))
+                               return NULL;
 
                if (!ic->linked)
-                       class_link(ic);
+                       if (!class_link(ic))
+                               return NULL;
 
                if (!(ic->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
                        dolog("Specified interface is not declared as interface:");
@@ -2472,10 +2848,12 @@ static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c)
                }
 
                if (!super->loaded)
-                       class_load(super);
+                       if (!class_load(super))
+                               return NULL;
 
                if (!super->linked)
-                       class_link(super);
+                       if (!class_link(super))
+                               return NULL;
 
                if (super->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)
                        panic("Interface specified as super class");
@@ -2512,7 +2890,7 @@ static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c)
                if (!(m->flags & ACC_STATIC)) { /* is instance method */
                        classinfo *sc = super;
                        while (sc) {
-                               int j;
+                               s4 j;
                                for (j = 0; j < sc->methodscount; j++) {
                                        if (method_canoverwrite(m, &(sc->methods[j]))) {
                                                if ((sc->methods[j].flags & ACC_PRIVATE) != 0)
@@ -2539,7 +2917,9 @@ static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c)
        }       
        
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vftbl_len += sizeof(vftbl) + (sizeof(methodptr) * (vftbllength - 1));
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_vftbl_len +=
+                       sizeof(vftbl) + (sizeof(methodptr) * (vftbllength - 1));
 #endif
 
        /* compute interfacetable length */
@@ -2563,6 +2943,7 @@ static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c)
        v = (vftbl*) (((methodptr*) v) + (interfacetablelength - 1) *
                                  (interfacetablelength > 1));
        c->header.vftbl = c->vftbl = v;
+/*     utf_display_classname(c->name);printf(", c->header.vftbl=%p\n", c->header.vftbl); */
        v->class = c;
        v->vftbllength = vftbllength;
        v->interfacetablelength = interfacetablelength;
@@ -2605,7 +2986,8 @@ static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c)
        v->interfacevftbllength = MNEW(s4, interfacetablelength);
 
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vftbl_len += (4 + sizeof(s4)) * v->interfacetablelength;
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_vftbl_len += (4 + sizeof(s4)) * v->interfacetablelength;
 #endif
 
        for (i = 0; i < interfacetablelength; i++) {
@@ -2644,7 +3026,10 @@ static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c)
 
        loader_compute_subclasses(c);
 
-       /* just return c to show that we don't had a problem */
+       if (linkverbose)
+               log_message_class("Linking done class: ", c);
+
+       /* just return c to show that we didn't had a problem */
 
        return c;
 }
@@ -2656,44 +3041,49 @@ static classinfo *class_link_intern(classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_freecpool (classinfo *c)
+static void class_freecpool(classinfo *c)
 {
        u4 idx;
        u4 tag;
        voidptr info;
        
-       for (idx=0; idx < c->cpcount; idx++) {
-               tag = c->cptags[idx];
-               info = c->cpinfos[idx];
+       if (c->cptags && c->cpinfos) {
+               for (idx = 0; idx < c->cpcount; idx++) {
+                       tag = c->cptags[idx];
+                       info = c->cpinfos[idx];
                
-               if (info != NULL) {
-                       switch (tag) {
-                       case CONSTANT_Fieldref:
-                       case CONSTANT_Methodref:
-                       case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
-                               FREE (info, constant_FMIref);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Integer:
-                               FREE (info, constant_integer);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Float:
-                               FREE (info, constant_float);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Long:
-                               FREE (info, constant_long);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_Double:
-                               FREE (info, constant_double);
-                               break;
-                       case CONSTANT_NameAndType:
-                               FREE (info, constant_nameandtype);
-                               break;
-                       }
+                       if (info != NULL) {
+                               switch (tag) {
+                               case CONSTANT_Fieldref:
+                               case CONSTANT_Methodref:
+                               case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_FMIref);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_Integer:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_integer);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_Float:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_float);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_Long:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_long);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_Double:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_double);
+                                       break;
+                               case CONSTANT_NameAndType:
+                                       FREE(info, constant_nameandtype);
+                                       break;
+                               }
                        }
                }
+       }
+
+       if (c->cptags)
+               MFREE(c->cptags, u1, c->cpcount);
 
-       MFREE (c -> cptags,  u1, c -> cpcount);
-       MFREE (c -> cpinfos, voidptr, c -> cpcount);
+       if (c->cpinfos)
+               MFREE(c->cpinfos, voidptr, c->cpcount);
 }
 
 
@@ -2703,21 +3093,27 @@ static void class_freecpool (classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_free(classinfo *c)
+void class_free(classinfo *c)
 {
        s4 i;
        vftbl *v;
                
        class_freecpool(c);
 
-       MFREE(c->interfaces, classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
+       if (c->interfaces)
+               MFREE(c->interfaces, classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
 
-       for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++)
-               field_free(&(c->fields[i]));
+       if (c->fields) {
+               for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++)
+                       field_free(&(c->fields[i]));
+/*     MFREE(c->fields, fieldinfo, c->fieldscount); */
+       }
        
-       for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++)
-               method_free(&(c->methods[i]));
-       MFREE(c->methods, methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+       if (c->methods) {
+               for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++)
+                       method_free(&(c->methods[i]));
+/*     MFREE(c->methods, methodinfo, c->methodscount); */
+       }
 
        if ((v = c->vftbl) != NULL) {
                if (v->arraydesc)
@@ -2736,13 +3132,13 @@ static void class_free(classinfo *c)
                mem_free(v, i);
        }
 
-       if (c->innerclasscount)
+       if (c->innerclass)
                MFREE(c->innerclass, innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
 
        /*      if (c->classvftbl)
                mem_free(c->header.vftbl, sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr)*(c->vftbl->vftbllength-1)); */
        
-       GCFREE(c);
+/*     GCFREE(c); */
 }
 
 
@@ -2827,7 +3223,10 @@ fieldinfo *class_resolvefield(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc,
 
        if (!fi) {
                if (except)
-                       *exceptionptr = new_exception("java/lang/NoSuchFieldError");
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_NoSuchFieldError,
+                                                                                name);
+
                return NULL;
        }
 
@@ -2850,6 +3249,12 @@ s4 class_findmethodIndex(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
        s4 i;
 
        for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
+
+/*             utf_display_classname(c->name);printf("."); */
+/*             utf_display(c->methods[i].name);printf("."); */
+/*             utf_display(c->methods[i].descriptor); */
+/*             printf("\n"); */
+
                if ((c->methods[i].name == name) && ((desc == NULL) ||
                                                                                         (c->methods[i].descriptor == desc))) {
                        return i;
@@ -3013,12 +3418,20 @@ methodinfo *class_resolvemethod_approx(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 methodinfo *class_resolvemethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
+       /*log_text("Trying to resolve a method");
+       utf_display(c->name);
+       utf_display(name);
+       utf_display(desc);*/
+
        while (c) {
+               /*log_text("Looking in:");
+               utf_display(c->name);*/
                methodinfo *m = class_findmethod(c, name, desc);
                if (m) return m;
                /* search superclass */
                c = c->super;
        }
+       /*log_text("method not found:");*/
 
        return NULL;
 }
@@ -3068,9 +3481,11 @@ methodinfo *class_resolveinterfacemethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc,
        /* XXX resolve class c */
        /* XXX check access from REFERER to C */
        
-       if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) == 0) {
+       if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
                if (except)
-                       *exceptionptr = new_exception("java/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError");
+                       *exceptionptr =
+                               new_exception(string_java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError);
+
                return NULL;
        }
 
@@ -3080,17 +3495,19 @@ methodinfo *class_resolveinterfacemethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc,
                return mi;
 
        /* try class java.lang.Object */
-       mi = class_findmethod(class_java_lang_Object,name,desc);
+       mi = class_findmethod(class_java_lang_Object, name, desc);
 
        if (mi)
                return mi;
 
        if (except)
-               *exceptionptr = new_exception_utfmessage("java/lang/NoSuchMethodError",
-                                                                                                name);
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_exception_utfmessage(string_java_lang_NoSuchMethodError, name);
+
        return NULL;
 }
 
+
 /********************* Function: class_resolveclassmethod *********************
        
     Resolves a reference from REFERER to a method with NAME and DESC in
@@ -3107,16 +3524,17 @@ methodinfo *class_resolveclassmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc,
        classinfo *cls;
        methodinfo *mi;
        s4 i;
-       
+       char msg[MAXLOGTEXT];
+
        /* XXX resolve class c */
        /* XXX check access from REFERER to C */
        
-       if ((c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) != 0) {
-               if (except)
-                       *exceptionptr =
-                               new_exception("java/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError");
-               return NULL;
-       }
+/*     if (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) { */
+/*             if (except) */
+/*                     *exceptionptr = */
+/*                             new_exception(string_java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError); */
+/*             return NULL; */
+/*     } */
 
        /* try class c and its superclasses */
        cls = c;
@@ -3133,15 +3551,23 @@ methodinfo *class_resolveclassmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc,
                        goto found;
        }
        
-       if (except)
-               *exceptionptr = new_exception_utfmessage("java/lang/NoSuchMethodError",
-                                                                                                name);
+       if (except) {
+               utf_sprint(msg, c->name);
+               sprintf(msg + strlen(msg), ".");
+               utf_sprint(msg + strlen(msg), name);
+               utf_sprint(msg + strlen(msg), desc);
+
+               *exceptionptr =
+                       new_exception_message(string_java_lang_NoSuchMethodError, msg);
+       }
+
        return NULL;
 
  found:
-       if ((mi->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) != 0 && (c->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) == 0) {
+       if ((mi->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT) && !(c->flags & ACC_ABSTRACT)) {
                if (except)
-                       *exceptionptr = new_exception("java/lang/AbstractMethodError");
+                       *exceptionptr = new_exception(string_java_lang_AbstractMethodError);
+
                return NULL;
        }
 
@@ -3175,41 +3601,83 @@ bool class_issubclass(classinfo *sub, classinfo *super)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
+static classinfo *class_init_intern(classinfo *c);
+
 classinfo *class_init(classinfo *c)
 {
-       methodinfo *m;
-       s4 i;
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-       int b;
-#endif
+       classinfo *r;
 
        if (!makeinitializations)
                return c;
 
-       if (c->initialized)
+       /* enter a monitor on the class */
+
+       builtin_monitorenter((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+       /* maybe the class is already initalized or the current thread, which can
+          pass the monitor, is currently initalizing this class */
+
+       if (c->initialized || c->initializing) {
+               builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
                return c;
+       }
+
+       /* this initalizing run begins NOW */
+       c->initializing = true;
+
+       /* call the internal function */
+       r = class_init_intern(c);
 
-       /* class is somewhat initialized */
-       c->initialized = true;
+       /* if return value is not NULL everything was ok and the class is
+          initialized */
+       if (r)
+               c->initialized = true;
+
+       /* this initalizing run is done */
+       c->initializing = false;
+
+       /* leave the monitor */
+
+       builtin_monitorexit((java_objectheader *) c);
+
+       return r;
+}
+
+
+/* this function MUST NOT be called directly, because of thread <clinit>
+   race conditions */
+
+static classinfo *class_init_intern(classinfo *c)
+{
+       methodinfo *m;
+       s4 i;
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       int b;
+#endif
 
        if (!c->loaded)
-               class_load(c);
+               if (!class_load(c))
+                       return NULL;
 
        if (!c->linked)
-               class_link(c);
-
-#ifdef STATISTICS
+               if (!class_link(c))
+                       return NULL;
 
-       count_class_inits++;
+#if defined(STATISTICS)
+       if (opt_stat)
+               count_class_inits++;
 #endif
 
        /* initialize super class */
        if (c->super) {
                if (!c->super->loaded)
-                       class_load(c->super);
+                       if (!class_load(c->super))
+                               return NULL;
 
                if (!c->super->linked)
-                       class_link(c->super);
+                       if (!class_link(c->super))
+                               return NULL;
 
                if (!c->super->initialized) {
                        if (initverbose) {
@@ -3221,17 +3689,20 @@ classinfo *class_init(classinfo *c)
                                log_text(logtext);
                        }
 
-                       (void) class_init(c->super);
+                       if (!class_init(c->super))
+                               return NULL;
                }
        }
 
        /* initialize interface classes */
        for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
                if (!c->interfaces[i]->loaded)
-                       class_load(c->interfaces[i]);
+                       if (!class_load(c->interfaces[i]))
+                               return NULL;
 
                if (!c->interfaces[i]->linked)
-                       class_link(c->interfaces[i]);
+                       if (!class_link(c->interfaces[i]))
+                               return NULL;
 
                if (!c->interfaces[i]->initialized) {
                        if (initverbose) {
@@ -3243,7 +3714,8 @@ classinfo *class_init(classinfo *c)
                                log_text(logtext);
                        }
                        
-                       (void) class_init(c->interfaces[i]);
+                       if (!class_init(c->interfaces[i]))
+                               return NULL;
                }
        }
 
@@ -3264,12 +3736,8 @@ classinfo *class_init(classinfo *c)
        if (!(m->flags & ACC_STATIC))
                panic("Class initializer is not static!");
 
-       if (initverbose) {
-               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
-               sprintf(logtext, "Starting static class initializer for class: ");
-               utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
-               log_text(logtext);
-       }
+       if (initverbose)
+               log_message_class("Starting static class initializer for class: ", c);
 
 #if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
        b = blockInts;
@@ -3284,40 +3752,40 @@ classinfo *class_init(classinfo *c)
        blockInts = b;
 #endif
 
-       /* we have an exception */
+       /* we have an exception or error */
        if (*exceptionptr) {
-               java_objectheader *xptr;
-               java_objectheader *cause;
+               /* is this an exception, than wrap it */
+               if (builtin_instanceof(*exceptionptr, class_java_lang_Exception)) {
+                       java_objectheader *xptr;
+                       java_objectheader *cause;
 
-               /* class is NOT initialized */
-               c->initialized = false;
+                       /* class is NOT initialized */
+                       c->initialized = false;
 
-               /* get the cause */
-               cause = *exceptionptr;
+                       /* get the cause */
+                       cause = *exceptionptr;
 
-               /* clear exception, because we are calling jit code again */
-               *exceptionptr = NULL;
+                       /* clear exception, because we are calling jit code again */
+                       *exceptionptr = NULL;
 
-               /* wrap the exception */
-               xptr = new_exception_throwable("java/lang/ExceptionInInitializerError",
-                                                                          (java_lang_Throwable *) cause);
+                       /* wrap the exception */
+                       xptr =
+                               new_exception_throwable(string_java_lang_ExceptionInInitializerError,
+                                                                               (java_lang_Throwable *) cause);
 
-               if (*exceptionptr) {
-                       panic("problem");
-               }
+                       /* XXX should we exit here? */
+                       if (*exceptionptr)
+                               throw_exception();
 
-               /* set new exception */
-               *exceptionptr = xptr;
+                       /* set new exception */
+                       *exceptionptr = xptr;
+               }
 
                return NULL;
        }
 
-       if (initverbose) {
-               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
-               sprintf(logtext, "Finished static class initializer for class: ");
-               utf_sprint_classname(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
-               log_text(logtext);
-       }
+       if (initverbose)
+               log_message_class("Finished static class initializer for class: ", c);
 
        return c;
 }
@@ -3588,7 +4056,8 @@ void create_primitive_classes()
 
        for (i = 0; i < PRIMITIVETYPE_COUNT; i++) {
                /* create primitive class */
-               classinfo *c = class_new_int(utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].name));
+               classinfo *c =
+                       class_new_intern(utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].name));
                c->classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
                c->impldBy = NULL;
                
@@ -3599,14 +4068,14 @@ void create_primitive_classes()
                primitivetype_table[i].class_primitive = c;
 
                /* create class for wrapping the primitive type */
-               c = class_new_int(utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].wrapname));
+               c = class_new_intern(utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].wrapname));
                primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap = c;
                primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap->classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
                primitivetype_table[i].class_wrap->impldBy = NULL;
 
                /* create the primitive array class */
                if (primitivetype_table[i].arrayname) {
-                       c = class_new_int(utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].arrayname));
+                       c = class_new_intern(utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].arrayname));
                        primitivetype_table[i].arrayclass = c;
                        c->loaded = true;
                        if (!c->linked)
@@ -3682,7 +4151,7 @@ classinfo *class_primitive_from_sig(char sig)
                             * CLASSLOAD_PANIC....abort execution with an error message
                    CLASSLOAD_NOPANIC..return NULL on error
 
-********************************************************************************/
+*******************************************************************************/
 
 classinfo *class_from_descriptor(char *utf_ptr, char *end_ptr,
                                                                 char **next, int mode)
@@ -3723,8 +4192,19 @@ classinfo *class_from_descriptor(char *utf_ptr, char *end_ptr,
                  case '[':
                          if (mode & CLASSLOAD_SKIP) return class_java_lang_Object;
                          name = utf_new(start, utf_ptr - start);
-                         return (mode & CLASSLOAD_LOAD)
-                                 ? class_load(class_new(name)) : class_new(name); /* XXX handle errors */
+                         if (opt_eager) {
+                                 classinfo *tc;
+
+                                 tc = class_new_intern(name);
+                                 class_load(tc);
+                                 list_addfirst(&unlinkedclasses, tc);
+
+                                 return tc;
+
+                         } else {
+                                 return (mode & CLASSLOAD_LOAD)
+                                         ? class_load(class_new(name)) : class_new(name); /* XXX handle errors */
+                         }
                }
        }
 
@@ -3796,42 +4276,32 @@ static void create_pseudo_classes()
 {
     /* pseudo class for Arraystubs (extends java.lang.Object) */
     
-    pseudo_class_Arraystub = class_new_int(utf_new_char("$ARRAYSTUB$"));
-/*      list_remove(&unloadedclasses, pseudo_class_Arraystub); */
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("$ARRAYSTUB$"));
        pseudo_class_Arraystub->loaded = true;
-
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->super = class_java_lang_Object;
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfacescount = 2;
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*, 2);
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[0] = class_java_lang_Cloneable;
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[1] = class_java_io_Serializable;
 
-/*      list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, pseudo_class_Arraystub); */
     class_link(pseudo_class_Arraystub);
 
        pseudo_class_Arraystub_vftbl = pseudo_class_Arraystub->vftbl;
 
     /* pseudo class representing the null type */
     
-       pseudo_class_Null = class_new_int(utf_new_char("$NULL$"));
-/*      list_remove(&unloadedclasses, pseudo_class_Null); */
+       pseudo_class_Null = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("$NULL$"));
        pseudo_class_Null->loaded = true;
-
     pseudo_class_Null->super = class_java_lang_Object;
-
-/*      list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, pseudo_class_Null); */
        class_link(pseudo_class_Null);  
 
     /* pseudo class representing new uninitialized objects */
     
-       pseudo_class_New = class_new_int(utf_new_char("$NEW$"));
-/*      list_remove(&unloadedclasses, pseudo_class_New); */
+       pseudo_class_New = class_new_intern(utf_new_char("$NEW$"));
+       pseudo_class_New->loaded = true;
        pseudo_class_New->linked = true;
-
        pseudo_class_New->super = class_java_lang_Object;
-
-/*      list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, pseudo_class_New); */
-       class_link(pseudo_class_New);
+/*     class_link(pseudo_class_New); */
 }
 
 
@@ -3862,41 +4332,36 @@ void loader_init(u1 *stackbottom)
        utf_vmclassloader   = utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClassLoader");
        utf_initialize      = utf_new_char("initialize");
        utf_initializedesc  = utf_new_char("(I)V");
-
        utf_vmclass         = utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClass");
        utf_java_lang_Object= utf_new_char("java/lang/Object");
-
        array_packagename   = utf_new_char("<the array package>");
+       utf_fillInStackTrace_name = utf_new_char("fillInStackTrace");
+       utf_fillInStackTrace_desc = utf_new_char("()Ljava/lang/Throwable;");
 
        /* create some important classes */
        /* These classes have to be created now because the classinfo
         * pointers are used in the loading code.
         */
        class_java_lang_Object =
-               class_new_int(utf_java_lang_Object);
+               class_new_intern(utf_java_lang_Object);
        class_load(class_java_lang_Object);
        class_link(class_java_lang_Object);
 
        class_java_lang_String =
-               class_new_int(utf_new_char("java/lang/String"));
+               class_new_intern(utf_new_char("java/lang/String"));
        class_load(class_java_lang_String);
        class_link(class_java_lang_String);
 
        class_java_lang_Cloneable =
-               class_new_int(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
+               class_new_intern(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
        class_load(class_java_lang_Cloneable);
        class_link(class_java_lang_Cloneable);
 
        class_java_io_Serializable =
-               class_new_int(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
+               class_new_intern(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
        class_load(class_java_io_Serializable);
        class_link(class_java_io_Serializable);
 
-       class_java_lang_Throwable =
-               class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/Throwable"));
-       class_load(class_java_lang_Throwable);
-       class_link(class_java_lang_Throwable);
-
        /* create classes representing primitive types */
        create_primitive_classes();
 
@@ -3947,10 +4412,6 @@ void loader_compute_subclasses(classinfo *c)
 
        classvalue = 0;
 
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-       cast_lock();
-#endif
-
        /* this is the java.lang.Object special case */
        if (!class_java_lang_Object) {
                loader_compute_class_values(c);
@@ -3959,10 +4420,6 @@ void loader_compute_subclasses(classinfo *c)
                loader_compute_class_values(class_java_lang_Object);
        }
 
-#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
-       cast_unlock();
-#endif
-
 #if defined(USE_THREADS) && !defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
        intsRestore();
 #endif
@@ -3977,20 +4434,17 @@ void loader_compute_subclasses(classinfo *c)
 
 void loader_close()
 {
-/*     classinfo *c; */
+       classinfo *c;
+       s4 slot;
 
-/*     while ((c = list_first(&unloadedclasses))) { */
-/*             list_remove(&unloadedclasses, c); */
-/*             class_free(c); */
-/*     } */
-/*     while ((c = list_first(&unlinkedclasses))) { */
-/*             list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c); */
-/*             class_free(c); */
-/*     } */
-/*     while ((c = list_first(&linkedclasses))) { */
-/*             list_remove(&linkedclasses, c); */
-/*             class_free(c); */
-/*     } */
+       for (slot = 0; slot < class_hash.size; slot++) {
+               c = class_hash.ptr[slot];
+
+               while (c) {
+                       class_free(c);
+                       c = c->hashlink;
+               }
+       }
 }