Native threads
[cacao.git] / loader.c
index 5aa27905b11c12db36515f62558e1f32a22f0093..0d83a6aa57ceae99b3585031d3553972de88519e 100644 (file)
--- a/loader.c
+++ b/loader.c
@@ -28,8 +28,9 @@
    Changes: Andreas Krall
             Roman Obermaiser
             Mark Probst
+                       Edwin Steiner
 
-   $Id: loader.c 669 2003-11-23 14:04:20Z edwin $
+   $Id: loader.c 771 2003-12-13 23:11:08Z stefan $
 
 */
 
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include "global.h"
 #include "loader.h"
+#include "main.h"
 #include "native.h"
 #include "tables.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@
 #include "toolbox/memory.h"
 #include "toolbox/loging.h"
 #include "threads/thread.h"
+#include "threads/locks.h"
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 
 #ifdef USE_ZLIB
 
 /* global variables ***********************************************************/
 
-bool opt_rt = false;            /* true if RTA parse should be used     RT-CO */
-bool opt_xta = false;           /* true if XTA parse should be used    XTA-CO */
-bool opt_vta = false;           /* true if VTA parse should be used    VTA-CO */
-
 int count_class_infos = 0;      /* variables for measurements                 */
 int count_const_pool_len = 0;
 int count_vftbl_len = 0;
@@ -72,15 +71,6 @@ int count_extable_len = 0;
 int count_class_loads = 0;
 int count_class_inits = 0;
 
-bool loadverbose = false;       /* switches for debug messages                */
-bool linkverbose = false;
-bool initverbose = false;
-
-bool makeinitializations = true;
-
-bool getloadingtime  = false;   /* to measure the runtime                     */
-long int loadingtime = 0;
-
 static s4 interfaceindex;       /* sequential numbering of interfaces         */ 
 
 list unloadedclasses;       /* list of all referenced but not loaded classes  */
@@ -90,25 +80,33 @@ list linkedclasses;         /* list of all completely linked classes          */
 
 /* utf-symbols for pointer comparison of frequently used strings */
 
-static utf *utf_innerclasses;          /* InnerClasses                    */
-static utf *utf_constantvalue;                 /* ConstantValue                   */
-static utf *utf_code;                      /* Code                            */
-static utf *utf_finalize;                  /* finalize                            */
-static utf *utf_fidesc;                    /* ()V changed                                   */
-static utf *utf_clinit;                    /* <clinit>                            */
-static utf *utf_initsystemclass;       /* initializeSystemClass */
-static utf *utf_systemclass;           /* java/lang/System        */
-static utf *utf_vmclassloader; /*java/lang/VMClassLoader*/
-static utf *utf_vmclass; /*java/lang/VMClassLoader*/
+static utf *utf_innerclasses;          /* InnerClasses            */
+static utf *utf_constantvalue;                 /* ConstantValue           */
+static utf *utf_code;                      /* Code                    */
+static utf *utf_finalize;                  /* finalize                */
+static utf *utf_fidesc;                    /* ()V changed             */
+static utf *utf_clinit;                    /* <clinit>                */
+static utf *utf_initsystemclass;       /* initializeSystemClass   */
+static utf *utf_systemclass;           /* java/lang/System        */
+static utf *utf_vmclassloader;      /* java/lang/VMClassLoader */
+static utf *utf_vmclass;            /* java/lang/VMClassLoader */
 static utf *utf_initialize;
 static utf *utf_initializedesc;
 
+
+#ifdef USE_ZLIB
+static unzFile uf = 0;
+#endif
+
+
 utf* clinit_desc(){
        return utf_fidesc;
 }
 utf* clinit_name(){
        return utf_clinit;
 }
+
+
 /* important system classes ***************************************************/
 
 classinfo *class_java_lang_Object;
@@ -121,6 +119,7 @@ classinfo *class_java_io_Serializable;
 /* Pseudo classes for the typechecker */
 classinfo *pseudo_class_Arraystub = NULL;
 classinfo *pseudo_class_Null = NULL;
+classinfo *pseudo_class_New = NULL;
 vftbl *pseudo_class_Arraystub_vftbl = NULL;
 
 /* stefan */
@@ -139,6 +138,7 @@ static methodinfo method_clone_array;
 
 static int loader_inited = 0;
 
+
 /******************************************************************************
 
    structure for primitive classes: contains the class for wrapping the 
@@ -172,7 +172,6 @@ java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ArithmeticException;
 java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ArrayStoreException;
 java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ThreadDeath;
 
-
 /************* functions for reading classdata *********************************
 
     getting classdata in blocks of variable size
@@ -185,17 +184,29 @@ static u1 *classbuffer    = NULL;   /* pointer to buffer with classfile-data  */
 static u1 *classbuf_pos;            /* current position in classfile buffer   */
 static int classbuffer_size;        /* size of classfile-data                 */
 
+/* assert that at least <len> bytes are left to read */
+/* <len> is limited to the range of non-negative s4 values */
+#define ASSERT_LEFT(len)                                                                                               \
+       do {if ( ((s4)(len)) < 0                                                                                        \
+                        || ((classbuffer + classbuffer_size) - classbuf_pos - 1) < (len)) \
+                       panic("Unexpected end of classfile"); } while(0)
+
 /* transfer block of classfile data into a buffer */
 
-#define suck_nbytes(buffer,len) memcpy(buffer,classbuf_pos+1,len); \
-                                classbuf_pos+=len;
+#define suck_nbytes(buffer,len)                                                \
+       do {ASSERT_LEFT(len);                                                   \
+               memcpy(buffer,classbuf_pos+1,len);                      \
+               classbuf_pos+=len;} while (0)
 
 /* skip block of classfile data */
 
-#define skip_nbytes(len) classbuf_pos+=len;
+#define skip_nbytes(len)                                               \
+       do {ASSERT_LEFT(len);                                           \
+               classbuf_pos+=len;} while(0)
 
 inline u1 suck_u1()
 {
+       ASSERT_LEFT(1);
        return *++classbuf_pos;
 }
 inline u2 suck_u2()
@@ -215,14 +226,13 @@ inline u4 suck_u4()
 
 
 /* get u8 from classfile data */
-
-static u8 suck_u8 ()
+static u8 suck_u8()
 {
 #if U8_AVAILABLE
-       u8 lo,hi;
+       u8 lo, hi;
        hi = suck_u4();
        lo = suck_u4();
-       return (hi<<32) + lo;
+       return (hi << 32) + lo;
 #else
        u8 v;
        v.high = suck_u4();
@@ -231,19 +241,19 @@ static u8 suck_u8 ()
 #endif
 }
 
-/* get float from classfile data */
 
-static float suck_float ()
+/* get float from classfile data */
+static float suck_float()
 {
        float f;
 
 #if !WORDS_BIGENDIAN 
                u1 buffer[4];
                u2 i;
-               for (i=0; i<4; i++) buffer[3-i] = suck_u1 ();
-               memcpy ( (u1*) (&f), buffer, 4);
+               for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) buffer[3 - i] = suck_u1();
+               memcpy((u1*) (&f), buffer, 4);
 #else 
-               suck_nbytes ( (u1*) (&f), 4 );
+               suck_nbytes((u1*) (&f), 4);
 #endif
 
        PANICIF (sizeof(float) != 4, "Incompatible float-format");
@@ -251,18 +261,19 @@ static float suck_float ()
        return f;
 }
 
+
 /* get double from classfile data */
-static double suck_double ()
+static double suck_double()
 {
        double d;
 
 #if !WORDS_BIGENDIAN 
                u1 buffer[8];
                u2 i;   
-               for (i=0; i<8; i++) buffer[7-i] = suck_u1 ();
-               memcpy ( (u1*) (&d), buffer, 8);
+               for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) buffer[7 - i] = suck_u1 ();
+               memcpy((u1*) (&d), buffer, 8);
 #else 
-               suck_nbytes ( (u1*) (&d), 8 );
+               suck_nbytes((u1*) (&d), 8);
 #endif
 
        PANICIF (sizeof(double) != 8, "Incompatible double-format" );
@@ -270,13 +281,14 @@ static double suck_double ()
        return d;
 }
 
+
 /************************** function suck_init *********************************
 
        called once at startup, sets the searchpath for the classfiles
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void suck_init (char *cpath)
+void suck_init(char *cpath)
 {
        classpath   = cpath;
        classbuffer = NULL;
@@ -292,8 +304,8 @@ void suck_init (char *cpath)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-
-bool suck_start (utf *classname) {
+bool suck_start(utf *classname)
+{
 
 #define MAXFILENAME 1000               /* maximum length of a filename           */
        
@@ -320,30 +332,27 @@ bool suck_start (utf *classname) {
                /* extract directory from searchpath */
 
                filenamelen = 0;
-               while ((*pathpos) && (*pathpos!=':')) {
-                   PANICIF (filenamelen >= MAXFILENAME, "Filename too long") ;
+               while ((*pathpos) && (*pathpos != ':')) {
+                   PANICIF (filenamelen >= MAXFILENAME, "Filename too long");
                        filename[filenamelen++] = *(pathpos++);
                        }
 
-               isZip=0;
-               if (filenamelen>4) {
-                       if ( ((filename[filenamelen-1]=='p') || (filename[filenamelen-1]=='P')) &
-                            ((filename[filenamelen-2]=='i') || (filename[filenamelen-1]=='I')) &
-                             ((filename[filenamelen-3]=='z') || (filename[filenamelen-1]=='Z')) ) {
-                               isZip=1;
+               isZip = 0;
+               if (filenamelen > 4) {
+                       if ( ((filename[filenamelen - 1] == 'p') || (filename[filenamelen - 1] == 'P')) &
+                            ((filename[filenamelen - 2] == 'i') || (filename[filenamelen - 2] == 'I')) &
+                                ((filename[filenamelen - 3] == 'z') || (filename[filenamelen - 3] == 'Z')) ) {
+                               isZip = 1;
                        }
                }
 
                if (isZip) {
 #ifdef USE_ZLIB
-
-                       unzFile uf;
-
-                       filename[filenamelen++]='\0';
-                       uf=unzOpen(filename);
-                       if (uf!=0) {
+                       filename[filenamelen++] = '\0';
+                       if (uf == 0) uf = unzOpen(filename);
+                       if (uf != 0) {
                                utf_ptr = classname->text;
-                               filenamelen=0;
+                               filenamelen = 0;
                                while (utf_ptr < utf_end(classname)) {
                                        PANICIF (filenamelen >= MAXFILENAME, "Filename too long");
                                        c = *utf_ptr++;
@@ -351,28 +360,27 @@ bool suck_start (utf *classname) {
                                                c = '?'; 
                                        filename[filenamelen++] = c;    
                                }
-                               strcpy (filename+filenamelen, ".class");
-                               /*log_text(filename);*/
-                               if (unzLocateFile(uf,filename,1 /*case sensitive*/)==UNZ_OK) {
+                               strcpy(filename + filenamelen, ".class");
+                               if (cacao_locate(uf,classname) == UNZ_OK) {
                                        unz_file_info file_info;
                                        log_text("Class found in zip file");
-                                       if (unzGetCurrentFileInfo(uf,&file_info,filename,
-                                               sizeof(filename),NULL,0,NULL,0) ==UNZ_OK) {
-                                               if (unzOpenCurrentFile(uf)==UNZ_OK) {
+                                       if (unzGetCurrentFileInfo(uf, &file_info, filename,
+                                                                                                 sizeof(filename), NULL, 0, NULL, 0) == UNZ_OK) {
+                                               if (unzOpenCurrentFile(uf) == UNZ_OK) {
                                                        classbuffer_size = file_info.uncompressed_size;                         
                                                        classbuffer      = MNEW(u1, classbuffer_size);
-                                                       classbuf_pos     = classbuffer-1;
+                                                       classbuf_pos     = classbuffer - 1;
                                                        /*printf("classfile size: %d\n",file_info.uncompressed_size);*/
-                                                       if (unzReadCurrentFile(uf,classbuffer,classbuffer_size)==classbuffer_size) {
+                                                       if (unzReadCurrentFile(uf, classbuffer, classbuffer_size) == classbuffer_size) {
                                                                unzCloseCurrentFile(uf);
                                                                return true;
                                                        } else {
-                                                               MFREE(classbuffer,u1,classbuffer_size);
+                                                               MFREE(classbuffer, u1, classbuffer_size);
                                                                log_text("Error while unzipping");
                                                        }
                                                } else log_text("Error while opening file in archive");
                                        } else log_text("Error while retrieving fileinfo");
-                               }
+                               }
                                unzCloseCurrentFile(uf);
 
                        }
@@ -393,19 +401,21 @@ bool suck_start (utf *classname) {
        
                        /* add suffix */
 
-                       strcpy (filename+filenamelen, ".class");
+                       strcpy(filename + filenamelen, ".class");
 
                        classfile = fopen(filename, "r");
                        if (classfile) {                                       /* file exists */
 
                                /* determine size of classfile */
 
-                               err = stat (filename, &buffer);
+                               /* dolog("File: %s",filename); */
+
+                               err = stat(filename, &buffer);
 
                                if (!err) {                                /* read classfile data */                            
                                        classbuffer_size = buffer.st_size;                              
                                        classbuffer      = MNEW(u1, classbuffer_size);
-                                       classbuf_pos     = classbuffer-1;
+                                       classbuf_pos     = classbuffer - 1;
                                        fread(classbuffer, 1, classbuffer_size, classfile);
                                        fclose(classfile);
                                        return true;
@@ -414,8 +424,7 @@ bool suck_start (utf *classname) {
                }
        }
        if (verbose) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "Warning: Can not open class file '%s'", filename);
-               dolog();
+               dolog("Warning: Can not open class file '%s'", filename);
        }
 
        return false;
@@ -430,17 +439,17 @@ bool suck_start (utf *classname) {
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void suck_stop () {
-
+void suck_stop()
+{
        /* determine amount of classdata not retrieved by suck-operations         */
 
-       int classdata_left = ((classbuffer+classbuffer_size)-classbuf_pos-1);
+       int classdata_left = ((classbuffer + classbuffer_size) - classbuf_pos - 1);
 
-       if (classdata_left > 0) {               
+       if (classdata_left > 0) {
                /* surplus */           
-               sprintf (logtext,"There are %d access bytes at end of classfile",
-                        classdata_left);
-               dolog();
+               dolog("There are %d access bytes at end of classfile",
+                               classdata_left);
+               /* XXX panic? */
        }
 
        /* free memory */
@@ -449,6 +458,7 @@ void suck_stop () {
        classbuffer = NULL;
 }
 
+
 /******************************************************************************/
 /******************* Some support functions ***********************************/
 /******************************************************************************/
@@ -495,8 +505,10 @@ void printflags (u2 f)
 
 static void skipattribute ()
 {
+       u4 len;
        suck_u2 ();
-       skip_nbytes(suck_u4()); 
+       len = suck_u4();
+       skip_nbytes(len);       
 }
 
 /********************** Function: skipattributebody ****************************
@@ -508,7 +520,9 @@ static void skipattribute ()
 
 static void skipattributebody ()
 {
-       skip_nbytes(suck_u4());
+       u4 len;
+       len = suck_u4();
+       skip_nbytes(len);
 }
 
 /************************* Function: skipattributes ****************************
@@ -542,9 +556,8 @@ voidptr innerclass_getconstant (classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype)
 
        /* check type of constantpool entry */
        if (c->cptags[pos] != ctype) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "Type mismatch on constant: %d requested, %d here (innerclass_getconstant)",
+               error ("Type mismatch on constant: %d requested, %d here (innerclass_getconstant)",
                 (int) ctype, (int) c->cptags[pos] );
-               error();
                }
                
        return c->cpinfos[pos];
@@ -604,6 +617,12 @@ static void attribute_load (u4 num, classinfo *c)
 
 static void checkfielddescriptor (char *utf_ptr, char *end_pos)
 {
+       class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr,end_pos,NULL,
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_NEW
+                                                 | CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE
+                                                 | CLASSLOAD_NOVOID
+                                                 | CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND);
+#if 0
        char *tstart;  /* pointer to start of classname */
        char ch;
        char *start = utf_ptr;
@@ -632,6 +651,7 @@ static void checkfielddescriptor (char *utf_ptr, char *end_pos)
        
        /* exceeding characters */              
        if (utf_ptr!=end_pos) panic ("descriptor has exceeding chars");
+#endif
 }
 
 
@@ -646,14 +666,27 @@ static void checkmethoddescriptor (utf *d)
 {
        char *utf_ptr = d->text;     /* current position in utf text   */
        char *end_pos = utf_end(d);  /* points behind utf string       */
-       char *tstart;                /* pointer to start of classname  */
-       char c,ch;
-       char *start;
 
        /* method descriptor must start with parenthesis */
-       /* XXX check length */
-       if (*utf_ptr++ != '(') panic ("Missing '(' in method descriptor");
+       if (utf_ptr == end_pos || *utf_ptr++ != '(') panic ("Missing '(' in method descriptor");
+
+    /* check arguments */
+    while (utf_ptr != end_pos && *utf_ptr != ')') {
+               class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr,end_pos,&utf_ptr,
+                                                         CLASSLOAD_NEW
+                                                         | CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE
+                                                         | CLASSLOAD_NOVOID);
+       }
+
+       if (utf_ptr == end_pos) panic("Missing return type in method descriptor");
+    utf_ptr++; /* skip ')' */
 
+       class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr,end_pos,NULL,
+                                                 CLASSLOAD_NEW
+                                                 | CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE
+                                                 | CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND);
+       
+#if 0
        /* XXX check length */
        /* check arguments */
        while ((c = *utf_ptr++) != ')') {
@@ -690,45 +723,47 @@ static void checkmethoddescriptor (utf *d)
        else
                /* treat as field-descriptor */
                checkfielddescriptor (utf_ptr,end_pos);
+#endif
 }
 
+
 /***************** Function: print_arraydescriptor ****************************
 
        Debugging helper for displaying an arraydescriptor
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void
-print_arraydescriptor(FILE *file,arraydescriptor *desc)
+void print_arraydescriptor(FILE *file, arraydescriptor *desc)
 {
        if (!desc) {
-               fprintf(file,"<NULL>");
+               fprintf(file, "<NULL>");
                return;
        }
 
-       fprintf(file,"{");
+       fprintf(file, "{");
        if (desc->componentvftbl) {
                if (desc->componentvftbl->class)
-                       utf_fprint(file,desc->componentvftbl->class->name);
+                       utf_fprint(file, desc->componentvftbl->class->name);
                else
-                       fprintf(file,"<no classinfo>");
+                       fprintf(file, "<no classinfo>");
        }
        else
-               fprintf(file,"0");
+               fprintf(file, "0");
                
-       fprintf(file,",");
+       fprintf(file, ",");
        if (desc->elementvftbl) {
                if (desc->elementvftbl->class)
-                       utf_fprint(file,desc->elementvftbl->class->name);
+                       utf_fprint(file, desc->elementvftbl->class->name);
                else
-                       fprintf(file,"<no classinfo>");
+                       fprintf(file, "<no classinfo>");
        }
        else
-               fprintf(file,"0");
-       fprintf(file,",%d,%d,%d,%d}",desc->arraytype,desc->dimension,
-                       desc->dataoffset,desc->componentsize);
+               fprintf(file, "0");
+       fprintf(file, ",%d,%d,%d,%d}", desc->arraytype, desc->dimension,
+                       desc->dataoffset, desc->componentsize);
 }
 
+
 /******************************************************************************/
 /**************************  Functions for fields  ****************************/
 /******************************************************************************/
@@ -752,6 +787,7 @@ static void field_load (fieldinfo *f, classinfo *c)
        f -> descriptor = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8); /* JavaVM descriptor           */
        f -> type = jtype = desc_to_type (f->descriptor);                  /* data type                   */
        f -> offset = 0;                                                   /* offset from start of object */
+       f -> class = c;
        f->xta = NULL;
        
        switch (f->type) {
@@ -759,7 +795,7 @@ static void field_load (fieldinfo *f, classinfo *c)
        case TYPE_FLOAT:      f->value.f = 0.0; break;
        case TYPE_DOUBLE:     f->value.d = 0.0; break;
        case TYPE_ADDRESS:    f->value.a = NULL;                              
-                             heap_addreference (&(f->value.a));           /* make global reference (GC)  */    
+/*                           heap_addreference (&(f->value.a));           /* make global reference (GC)  */
                              break;
        case TYPE_LONG:
 #if U8_AVAILABLE
@@ -849,15 +885,15 @@ static void field_free (fieldinfo *f)
 
 /**************** Function: field_display (debugging only) ********************/
 
-void field_display (fieldinfo *f)
+void field_display(fieldinfo *f)
 {
-       printf ("   ");
-       printflags (f -> flags);
-       printf (" ");
-       utf_display (f -> name);
-       printf (" ");
-       utf_display (f -> descriptor);  
-       printf (" offset: %ld\n", (long int) (f -> offset) );
+       printf("   ");
+       printflags(f->flags);
+       printf(" ");
+       utf_display(f->name);
+       printf(" ");
+       utf_display(f->descriptor);     
+       printf(" offset: %ld\n", (long int) (f->offset));
 }
 
 
@@ -875,123 +911,140 @@ void field_display (fieldinfo *f)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void method_load (methodinfo *m, classinfo *c)
+static void method_load(methodinfo *m, classinfo *c)
 {
-       u4 attrnum,i,e;
+       u4 attrnum, i, e;
        
 #ifdef STATISTICS
        count_all_methods++;
 #endif
 
-       m -> class = c;
+       m->class = c;
        
-       m -> flags = suck_u2 ();
-       m -> name =  class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
-       m -> descriptor = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+       m->flags = suck_u2();
+       m->name = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+       m->descriptor = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+       checkmethoddescriptor(m->descriptor);
        
-       m -> jcode = NULL;
-       m -> exceptiontable = NULL;
-       m -> entrypoint = NULL;
-       m -> mcode = NULL;
-       m -> stubroutine = NULL;
-        m -> methodUsed = NOTUSED;    
-        m -> monoPoly = MONO;    
-       m -> subRedefs = 0;
-       m -> subRedefsUsed = 0;
+       m->jcode = NULL;
+       m->exceptiontable = NULL;
+       m->entrypoint = NULL;
+       m->mcode = NULL;
+       m->stubroutine = NULL;
+       m->methodUsed = NOTUSED;    
+       m->monoPoly = MONO;    
+       m->subRedefs = 0;
+       m->subRedefsUsed = 0;
 
        m->xta = NULL;
        
-       if (! (m->flags & ACC_NATIVE) ) {
-               m -> stubroutine = createcompilerstub (m);
-               }
-       else {
+       if (!(m->flags & ACC_NATIVE)) {
+               m->stubroutine = createcompilerstub(m);
 
-               functionptr f = native_findfunction 
-                      (c->name, m->name, m->descriptor, (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) != 0);
+       } else {
+               functionptr f = native_findfunction(c->name, m->name, m->descriptor, 
+                                                                                       (m->flags & ACC_STATIC) != 0);
                if (f) {
-                       m -> stubroutine = createnativestub (f, m);
-                       }
+                       m->stubroutine = createnativestub(f, m);
                }
+       }
        
        
        attrnum = suck_u2();
-       for (i=0; i<attrnum; i++) {
+       for (i = 0; i < attrnum; i++) {
                utf *aname;
 
-               aname = class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
+               aname = class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Utf8);
 
-               if ( aname != utf_code)  {
-                       skipattributebody ();
-                       }
-               else {
-                       if (m -> jcode) panic ("Two code-attributes for one method!");
+               if (aname != utf_code) {
+                       skipattributebody();
+
+               } else {
+                       u4 codelen;
+                       if (m->jcode)
+                               panic("Two code-attributes for one method!");
                        
                        suck_u4();
-                       m -> maxstack = suck_u2();
-                       m -> maxlocals = suck_u2();
-                       m -> jcodelength = suck_u4();
-                       m -> jcode = MNEW (u1, m->jcodelength);
-                       suck_nbytes (m->jcode, m->jcodelength);
-                       m -> exceptiontablelength = suck_u2 ();
-                       m -> exceptiontable = 
-                          MNEW (exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
+                       m->maxstack = suck_u2();
+                       m->maxlocals = suck_u2();
+                       codelen = suck_u4();
+                       if (codelen == 0)
+                               panic("bytecode has zero length");
+                       if (codelen > 65536)
+                               panic("bytecode too long");
+                       m->jcodelength = codelen;
+                       m->jcode = MNEW(u1, m->jcodelength);
+                       suck_nbytes(m->jcode, m->jcodelength);
+                       m->exceptiontablelength = suck_u2();
+                       m->exceptiontable = 
+                               MNEW(exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
 
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vmcode_len += m->jcodelength + 18;
-       count_extable_len += 8 * m->exceptiontablelength;
+                       count_vmcode_len += m->jcodelength + 18;
+                       count_extable_len += 8 * m->exceptiontablelength;
 #endif
 
-                       for (e=0; e < m->exceptiontablelength; e++) {
+                       for (e = 0; e < m->exceptiontablelength; e++) {
                                u4 idx;
-                               m -> exceptiontable[e].startpc = suck_u2();
-                               m -> exceptiontable[e].endpc = suck_u2();
-                               m -> exceptiontable[e].handlerpc = suck_u2();
+                               m->exceptiontable[e].startpc = suck_u2();
+                               m->exceptiontable[e].endpc = suck_u2();
+                               m->exceptiontable[e].handlerpc = suck_u2();
 
                                idx = suck_u2();
-                               if (!idx) m -> exceptiontable[e].catchtype = NULL;
-                               else {
-                                       m -> exceptiontable[e].catchtype = 
-                                     class_getconstant (c, idx, CONSTANT_Class);
-                                       }
-                               }                       
+                               if (!idx) {
+                                       m->exceptiontable[e].catchtype = NULL;
 
-                       skipattributes ( suck_u2() );
-                       }
-                       
-               }
+                               } else {
+                                       m->exceptiontable[e].catchtype = 
+                                     class_getconstant(c, idx, CONSTANT_Class);
+                               }
+                       }                       
 
+                       skipattributes(suck_u2());
+               }
+       }
 }
 
+
 /********************* Function: method_free ***********************************
 
        frees all memory that was allocated for this method
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void method_free (methodinfo *m)
+static void method_free(methodinfo *m)
 {
-       if (m->jcode) MFREE (m->jcode, u1, m->jcodelength);
-       if (m->exceptiontable) 
-               MFREE (m->exceptiontable, exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
-       if (m->mcode) CFREE (m->mcode, m->mcodelength);
+       if (m->jcode)
+               MFREE(m->jcode, u1, m->jcodelength);
+
+       if (m->exceptiontable)
+               MFREE(m->exceptiontable, exceptiontable, m->exceptiontablelength);
+
+       if (m->mcode)
+               CFREE(m->mcode, m->mcodelength);
+
        if (m->stubroutine) {
-               if (m->flags & ACC_NATIVE) removenativestub (m->stubroutine);
-               else                       removecompilerstub (m->stubroutine);
+               if (m->flags & ACC_NATIVE) {
+                       removenativestub(m->stubroutine);
+
+               } else {
+                       removecompilerstub(m->stubroutine);
                }
+       }
 }
 
 
 /************** Function: method_display  (debugging only) **************/
 
-void method_display (methodinfo *m)
+void method_display(methodinfo *m)
 {
-       printf ("   ");
-       printflags (m -> flags);
-       printf (" ");
-       utf_display (m -> name);
-       printf (" "); 
-       utf_display (m -> descriptor);
-       printf ("\n");
+       printf("   ");
+       printflags(m->flags);
+       printf(" ");
+       utf_display(m->name);
+       printf(" "); 
+       utf_display(m->descriptor);
+       printf("\n");
 }
 
 
@@ -1025,20 +1078,19 @@ static bool method_canoverwrite (methodinfo *m, methodinfo *old)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-voidptr class_getconstant (classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype) 
+voidptr class_getconstant(classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype)
 {
        /* invalid position in constantpool */  
-       if (pos >= c->cpcount) 
-               panic ("Attempt to access constant outside range");
+       if (pos >= c->cpcount)
+               panic("Attempt to access constant outside range");
 
        /* check type of constantpool entry */
 
        if (c->cptags[pos] != ctype) {
                class_showconstantpool(c);
-               sprintf (logtext, "Type mismatch on constant: %d requested, %d here (class_getconstant)",
-                (int) ctype, (int) c->cptags[pos] );
-               error();
-               }
+               error("Type mismatch on constant: %d requested, %d here (class_getconstant)",
+                         (int) ctype, (int) c->cptags[pos]);
+       }
                
        return c->cpinfos[pos];
 }
@@ -1050,10 +1102,11 @@ voidptr class_getconstant (classinfo *c, u4 pos, u4 ctype)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-u4 class_constanttype (classinfo *c, u4 pos)
+u4 class_constanttype(classinfo *c, u4 pos)
 {
-       if (pos >= c->cpcount) 
-               panic ("Attempt to access constant outside range");
+       if (pos >= c->cpcount)
+               panic("Attempt to access constant outside range");
+
        return c->cptags[pos];
 }
 
@@ -1067,7 +1120,7 @@ u4 class_constanttype (classinfo *c, u4 pos)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
+static void class_loadcpool(classinfo *c)
 {
 
        /* The following structures are used to save information which cannot be 
@@ -1268,6 +1321,10 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
                                /* number of bytes in the bytes array (not string-length) */
                                u4 length = suck_u2();
                                cptags [idx]  = CONSTANT_Utf8;
+                               /* validate the string */
+                               ASSERT_LEFT(length);
+                               if (!is_valid_utf(classbuf_pos+1, classbuf_pos+1+length))
+                                       panic("Invalid UTF-8 string"); 
                                /* insert utf-string into the utf-symboltable */
                                cpinfos [idx] = utf_new(classbuf_pos+1, length);
                                /* skip bytes of the string */
@@ -1277,8 +1334,7 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
                                }
                                                                                
                        default:
-                               sprintf (logtext, "Unkown constant type: %d",(int) t);
-                               error ();
+                               error ("Unkown constant type: %d",(int) t);
                
                        }  /* end switch */
                        
@@ -1375,6 +1431,7 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
                                         break;
                case CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: 
                case CONSTANT_Methodref: /* check validity of descriptor */
+                       /* XXX check special names (<init>) */
                                         checkmethoddescriptor (fmi->descriptor);
                                         break;
                }               
@@ -1402,7 +1459,7 @@ static void class_loadcpool (classinfo *c)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static int class_load (classinfo *c)
+static int class_load(classinfo *c)
 {
        u4 i;
        u4 mi,ma;
@@ -1413,16 +1470,16 @@ static int class_load (classinfo *c)
 
        /* output for debugging purposes */
        if (loadverbose) {              
-
-               sprintf (logtext, "Loading class: ");
-               utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name );
-               dolog();
-               }
+               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+               sprintf(logtext, "Loading class: ");
+               utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+               log_text(logtext);
+       }
        
        /* load classdata, throw exception on error */
 
-       if (!suck_start (c->name)) {
-               throw_classnotfoundexception2(c->name);            
+       if (!suck_start(c->name)) {
+               throw_noclassdeffounderror_message(c->name);
                return false;
        }
        
@@ -1432,73 +1489,75 @@ static int class_load (classinfo *c)
        mi = suck_u2(); 
        ma = suck_u2();
        if (ma != MAJOR_VERSION && (ma != MAJOR_VERSION+1 || mi != 0)) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "File version %d.%d is not supported",
-                                (int) ma, (int) mi);
-               error();
-               }
+               error("File version %d.%d is not supported", (int) ma, (int) mi);
+       }
 
-       class_loadcpool (c);
+       class_loadcpool(c);
        /*JOWENN*/
-       c->erroneous_state=0;
-       c->initializing_thread=0;       
+       c->erroneous_state = 0;
+       c->initializing_thread = 0;     
        /*JOWENN*/
-        c -> classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
-       c -> impldBy = NULL;
+       c->classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */
+       c->impldBy = NULL;
 
        /* ACC flags */
-       c -> flags = suck_u2 (); 
+       c->flags = suck_u2(); 
+       /*if (!(c->flags & ACC_PUBLIC)) { log_text("CLASS NOT PUBLIC"); } JOWENN*/
+
        /* this class */
-       suck_u2 ();       
+       suck_u2();       
        
        /* retrieve superclass */
-       if ( (i = suck_u2 () ) ) {
-               c -> super = class_getconstant (c, i, CONSTANT_Class);
-               }
-       else {
-               c -> super = NULL;
-               }
+       if ((i = suck_u2())) {
+               c->super = class_getconstant(c, i, CONSTANT_Class);
+
+       else {
+               c->super = NULL;
+       }
                         
        /* retrieve interfaces */
-       c -> interfacescount = suck_u2 ();
-       c -> interfaces = MNEW (classinfo*, c -> interfacescount);
-       for (i=0; i < c -> interfacescount; i++) {
-               c -> interfaces [i] = 
-                     class_getconstant (c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Class);
-               }
+       c->interfacescount = suck_u2();
+       c->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
+       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
+               c->interfaces [i] = 
+                       class_getconstant(c, suck_u2(), CONSTANT_Class);
+       }
 
        /* load fields */
-       c -> fieldscount = suck_u2 ();
+       c->fieldscount = suck_u2();
 /*     utf_display(c->name);
        printf(" ,Fieldscount: %d\n",c->fieldscount);*/
 
-       c -> fields = GCNEW (fieldinfo, c -> fieldscount);
-       for (i=0; i < c -> fieldscount; i++) {
-               field_load (&(c->fields[i]), c);
-               }
+       c->fields = GCNEW(fieldinfo, c->fieldscount);
+       for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++) {
+               field_load(&(c->fields[i]), c);
+       }
 
        /* load methods */
-       c -> methodscount = suck_u2 ();
-       c -> methods = MNEW (methodinfo, c -> methodscount);
-       for (i=0; i < c -> methodscount; i++) {
-               method_load (&(c -> methods [i]), c);
-               }
+       c->methodscount = suck_u2();
+       c->methods = MNEW(methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+       for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
+               method_load(&(c->methods[i]), c);
+       }
 
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(classinfo*) * c -> interfacescount;
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(fieldinfo) * c -> fieldscount;
-       count_class_infos += sizeof(methodinfo) * c -> methodscount;
+       count_class_infos += sizeof(classinfo*) * c->interfacescount;
+       count_class_infos += sizeof(fieldinfo) * c->fieldscount;
+       count_class_infos += sizeof(methodinfo) * c->methodscount;
 #endif
 
        /* load variable-length attribute structures */ 
-       attribute_load (suck_u2(), c);
+       attribute_load(suck_u2(), c);
 
        /* free memory */
-       suck_stop ();
+       suck_stop();
 
        /* remove class from list of unloaded classes and 
           add to list of unlinked classes                */
-       list_remove (&unloadedclasses, c);
-       list_addlast (&unlinkedclasses, c);
+       list_remove(&unloadedclasses, c);
+       list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, c);
+
+       c->loaded = true;
 
        return true;
 }
@@ -1512,22 +1571,24 @@ static int class_load (classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static s4 class_highestinterface (classinfo *c) 
+static s4 class_highestinterface(classinfo *c) 
 {
        s4 h;
        s4 i;
        
-       if ( ! (c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) ) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "Interface-methods count requested for non-interface:  ");
-       utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name);
-       error();
-       }
+       if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
+               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+               sprintf(logtext, "Interface-methods count requested for non-interface:  ");
+       utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+       error(logtext);
+       }
     
     h = c->index;
-       for (i=0; i<c->interfacescount; i++) {
-               s4 h2 = class_highestinterface (c->interfaces[i]);
-               if (h2>h) h=h2;
-               }
+       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++) {
+               s4 h2 = class_highestinterface(c->interfaces[i]);
+               if (h2 > h) h = h2;
+       }
+
        return h;
 }
 
@@ -1592,20 +1653,21 @@ static void class_addinterface (classinfo *c, classinfo *ic)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void
-class_new_array(classinfo *c)
+void class_new_array(classinfo *c)
 {
        classinfo *comp = NULL;
        methodinfo *clone;
        int namelen;
 
+       /* XXX remove */ /* dolog("class_new_array: %s",c->name->text); */
+
        /* Array classes are not loaded from classfiles. */
        list_remove (&unloadedclasses, c);
 
        /* Check array class name */
        namelen = c->name->blength;
        if (namelen < 2 || c->name->text[0] != '[')
-               panic("Invalid array class name.");
+               panic("Invalid array class name");
 
        /* Check the component type */
        switch (c->name->text[1]) {
@@ -1617,29 +1679,30 @@ class_new_array(classinfo *c)
          case 'L':
                  /* c is an array of objects. */
                  if (namelen < 4 || c->name->text[namelen-1] != ';')
-                         panic("Invalid array class name.");
+                         panic("Invalid array class name");
                  comp = class_new(utf_new(c->name->text + 2,namelen - 3));
                  break;
        }
 
        /* Setup the array class */
        c->super = class_java_lang_Object;
+       c->flags = ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL | ACC_ABSTRACT;
 
     c->interfacescount = 2;
-    c->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*,2);
+    c->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*,2); /* XXX use GC? */
     c->interfaces[0] = class_java_lang_Cloneable;
     c->interfaces[1] = class_java_io_Serializable;
 
        c->methodscount = 1;
-       c->methods = MNEW (methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+       c->methods = MNEW (methodinfo, c->methodscount); /* XXX use GC? */
 
        clone = c->methods;
-       memset(clone,0,sizeof(methodinfo));
+       memset(clone, 0, sizeof(methodinfo));
        clone->flags = ACC_PUBLIC; /* XXX protected? */
        clone->name = utf_new_char("clone");
        clone->descriptor = utf_new_char("()Ljava/lang/Object;");
        clone->class = c;
-       clone->stubroutine = createnativestub(&builtin_clone_array,clone);
+       clone->stubroutine = createnativestub((functionptr) &builtin_clone_array, clone);
        clone->monoPoly = MONO; /* XXX should be poly? */
 
        /* XXX: field: length? */
@@ -1651,10 +1714,13 @@ class_new_array(classinfo *c)
      * Array classes which are created after the other classes have been
      * loaded and linked are linked explicitely.
      */
+        c->loaded=true;
+     
        if (loader_inited)
-               loader_load(c->name);
+               loader_load(c->name); /* XXX handle errors */
 }
 
+
 /****************** Function: class_link_array *********************************
 
     This function is called by class_link to create the
@@ -1665,9 +1731,7 @@ class_new_array(classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static
-arraydescriptor *
-class_link_array(classinfo *c)
+static arraydescriptor *class_link_array(classinfo *c)
 {
        classinfo *comp = NULL;
        int namelen = c->name->blength;
@@ -1710,10 +1774,12 @@ class_link_array(classinfo *c)
                if (compvftbl->arraydesc) {
                        desc->elementvftbl = compvftbl->arraydesc->elementvftbl;
                        desc->dimension = compvftbl->arraydesc->dimension + 1;
+                       desc->elementtype = compvftbl->arraydesc->elementtype;
                }
                else {
                        desc->elementvftbl = compvftbl;
                        desc->dimension = 1;
+                       desc->elementtype = ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT;
                }
        }
        else {
@@ -1750,11 +1816,13 @@ class_link_array(classinfo *c)
                desc->componentvftbl = NULL;
                desc->elementvftbl = NULL;
                desc->dimension = 1;
+               desc->elementtype = desc->arraytype;
        }
 
        return desc;
 }
 
+
 /********************** Function: class_link ***********************************
 
        Tries to link a class. The super class and every implemented interface must
@@ -1808,8 +1876,8 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                vftbllength = supervftbllength = 0;
 
                c->finalizer = NULL;
-       }
-       else {
+
+       else {
                if (!super->linked) {
                        list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
                        list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, c);
@@ -1838,9 +1906,10 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
 
 
        if (linkverbose) {
-               sprintf (logtext, "Linking Class: ");
-               utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name );
-               dolog ();
+               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+               sprintf(logtext, "Linking Class: ");
+               utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name );
+               log_text(logtext);
        }
 
        /* compute vftbl length */
@@ -1866,7 +1935,7 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
        }       
        
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-       count_vftbl_len += sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr)*(vftbllength-1);
+       count_vftbl_len += sizeof(vftbl) + (sizeof(methodptr) * (vftbllength - 1));
 #endif
 
        /* compute interfacetable length */
@@ -1920,8 +1989,8 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                fieldinfo *f = &(c->fields[i]);
                
                if (!(f->flags & ACC_STATIC) ) {
-                       dsize = desc_typesize (f->descriptor);
-                       c->instancesize = ALIGN (c->instancesize, dsize);
+                       dsize = desc_typesize(f->descriptor);
+                       c->instancesize = ALIGN(c->instancesize, dsize);
                        f->offset = c->instancesize;
                        c->instancesize += dsize;
                }
@@ -1929,7 +1998,7 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
 
        /* initialize interfacetable and interfacevftbllength */
        
-       v->interfacevftbllength = MNEW (s4, interfacetablelength);
+       v->interfacevftbllength = MNEW(s4, interfacetablelength);
 
 #ifdef STATISTICS
        count_vftbl_len += (4 + sizeof(s4)) * v->interfacetablelength;
@@ -1944,7 +2013,7 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
        
        for (c2 = c; c2 != NULL; c2 = c2->super)
                for (i = 0; i < c2->interfacescount; i++) {
-                       class_addinterface (c, c2->interfaces[i]);
+                       class_addinterface(c, c2->interfaces[i]);
                }
 
        /* add finalizer method (not for java.lang.Object) */
@@ -1959,7 +2028,7 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
                if (fidesc == NULL)
                        fidesc = utf_fidesc;
 
-               fi = class_findmethod (c, finame, fidesc);
+               fi = class_findmethod(c, finame, fidesc);
                if (fi != NULL) {
                        if (!(fi->flags & ACC_STATIC)) {
                                c->finalizer = fi;
@@ -1971,9 +2040,8 @@ void class_link(classinfo *c)
 
        c->linked = true;       
 
-       list_remove (&unlinkedclasses, c);
-       list_addlast (&linkedclasses, c);
-
+       list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
+       list_addlast(&linkedclasses, c);
 }
 
 
@@ -2030,48 +2098,49 @@ static void class_freecpool (classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-static void class_free (classinfo *c)
+static void class_free(classinfo *c)
 {
        s4 i;
        vftbl *v;
                
-       class_freecpool (c);
+       class_freecpool(c);
 
-       MFREE (c->interfaces, classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
+       MFREE(c->interfaces, classinfo*, c->interfacescount);
 
        for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++)
                field_free(&(c->fields[i]));
        
        for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++)
                method_free(&(c->methods[i]));
-       MFREE (c->methods, methodinfo, c->methodscount);
+       MFREE(c->methods, methodinfo, c->methodscount);
 
        if ((v = c->vftbl) != NULL) {
                if (v->arraydesc)
                        mem_free(v->arraydesc,sizeof(arraydescriptor));
                
                for (i = 0; i < v->interfacetablelength; i++) {
-                       MFREE (v->interfacetable[-i], methodptr, v->interfacevftbllength[i]);
-                       }
-               MFREE (v->interfacevftbllength, s4, v->interfacetablelength);
+                       MFREE(v->interfacetable[-i], methodptr, v->interfacevftbllength[i]);
+               }
+               MFREE(v->interfacevftbllength, s4, v->interfacetablelength);
 
                i = sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr) * (v->vftbllength - 1) +
                    sizeof(methodptr*) * (v->interfacetablelength -
                                         (v->interfacetablelength > 0));
                v = (vftbl*) (((methodptr*) v) - (v->interfacetablelength - 1) *
                                             (v->interfacetablelength > 1));
-               mem_free (v, i);
-               }
+               mem_free(v, i);
+       }
 
        if (c->innerclasscount)
-               MFREE (c->innerclass, innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
+               MFREE(c->innerclass, innerclassinfo, c->innerclasscount);
 
        /*      if (c->classvftbl)
                mem_free(c->header.vftbl, sizeof(vftbl) + sizeof(methodptr)*(c->vftbl->vftbllength-1)); */
        
-       FREE (c, classinfo);
+       GCFREE(c);
 }
 
+
 /************************* Function: class_findfield ***************************
        
        Searches a 'classinfo' structure for a field having the given name and
@@ -2079,18 +2148,18 @@ static void class_free (classinfo *c)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-
-fieldinfo *class_findfield (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+fieldinfo *class_findfield(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        s4 i;
-
        
        for (i = 0; i < c->fieldscount; i++) { 
                if ((c->fields[i].name == name) && (c->fields[i].descriptor == desc)) 
                        return &(c->fields[i]);                                                         
     }
 
-       panic ("Can not find field given in CONSTANT_Fieldref");
+       panic("Can not find field given in CONSTANT_Fieldref");
+
+       /* keep compiler happy */
        return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -2103,7 +2172,7 @@ fieldinfo *class_findfield (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-s4 class_findmethodIndex (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+s4 class_findmethodIndex(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        s4 i;
 #if defined(JOWENN_DEBUG1) || defined(JOWENN_DEBUG2)
@@ -2113,16 +2182,16 @@ s4 class_findmethodIndex (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 #ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG1
 
        buffer_len = 
-         utf_strlen(name) + utf_strlen(desc) +utf_strlen(c->name)+ 64;
+               utf_strlen(name) + utf_strlen(desc) + utf_strlen(c->name) + 64;
        
        buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
 
        strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: method:");
-        utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), name);
-       strcpy(buffer+strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
-        utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), desc);
-       strcpy(buffer+strlen(buffer), ", classname: ");
-        utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), c->name);
+       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), name);
+       strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
+       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), desc);
+       strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", classname: ");
+       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->name);
        
        log_text(buffer);       
 
@@ -2131,34 +2200,36 @@ s4 class_findmethodIndex (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
        for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
 #ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2
                buffer_len = 
-                 utf_strlen(c->methods[i].name) + utf_strlen(c->methods[i].descriptor)+ 64;
+                       utf_strlen(c->methods[i].name) + utf_strlen(c->methods[i].descriptor)+ 64;
        
                buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
 
                strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: comparing to method:");
-               utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].name);
-               strcpy(buffer+strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
-               utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].descriptor);
+               utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].name);
+               strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
+               utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].descriptor);
        
                log_text(buffer);       
 
                MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
-               #endif  
+#endif 
                
                
                if ((c->methods[i].name == name) && ((desc == NULL) ||
-                                                  (c->methods[i].descriptor == desc)))
+                                                                                        (c->methods[i].descriptor == desc))) {
                        return i;
                }
+       }
+
 #ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2   
        class_showconstantpool(c);
        log_text("class_findmethod: returning NULL");
 #endif
+
        return -1;
 }
 
 
-
 /************************* Function: class_findmethod **************************
        
        Searches a 'classinfo' structure for a method having the given name and
@@ -2167,7 +2238,7 @@ s4 class_findmethodIndex (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-methodinfo *class_findmethod (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+methodinfo *class_findmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
 #if 0
        s4 i;
@@ -2178,16 +2249,16 @@ methodinfo *class_findmethod (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 #ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG1
 
        buffer_len = 
-         utf_strlen(name) + utf_strlen(desc) +utf_strlen(c->name)+ 64;
+               utf_strlen(name) + utf_strlen(desc) + utf_strlen(c->name) + 64;
        
        buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
 
        strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: method:");
-        utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), name);
-       strcpy(buffer+strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
-        utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), desc);
-       strcpy(buffer+strlen(buffer), ", classname: ");
-        utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), c->name);
+       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), name);
+       strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
+       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), desc);
+       strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", classname: ");
+       utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->name);
        
        log_text(buffer);       
 
@@ -2196,40 +2267,60 @@ methodinfo *class_findmethod (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
        for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
 #ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2
                buffer_len = 
-                 utf_strlen(c->methods[i].name) + utf_strlen(c->methods[i].descriptor)+ 64;
+                       utf_strlen(c->methods[i].name) + utf_strlen(c->methods[i].descriptor)+ 64;
        
                buffer = MNEW(char, buffer_len);
 
                strcpy(buffer, "class_findmethod: comparing to method:");
-               utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].name);
-               strcpy(buffer+strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
-               utf_sprint(buffer+strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].descriptor);
+               utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].name);
+               strcpy(buffer + strlen(buffer), ", desc: ");
+               utf_sprint(buffer + strlen(buffer), c->methods[i].descriptor);
        
                log_text(buffer);       
 
                MFREE(buffer, char, buffer_len);
-               #endif  
-               
+#endif 
                
                if ((c->methods[i].name == name) && ((desc == NULL) ||
-                                                  (c->methods[i].descriptor == desc)))
+                                                                                        (c->methods[i].descriptor == desc))) {
                        return &(c->methods[i]);
                }
+       }
 #ifdef JOWENN_DEBUG2   
        class_showconstantpool(c);
        log_text("class_findmethod: returning NULL");
 #endif
        return NULL;
 #endif
-       s4 idx=class_findmethodIndex(c,name,desc);
+
+       s4 idx=class_findmethodIndex(c, name, desc);
 /*     if (idx==-1) log_text("class_findmethod: method not found");*/
-       if (idx==-1) return NULL;
+       if (idx == -1) return NULL;
+
        return &(c->methods[idx]);
 }
 
 
+/*********************** Function: class_fetchmethod **************************
+       
+    like class_findmethod, but aborts with an error if the method is not found
 
+*******************************************************************************/
 
+methodinfo *class_fetchmethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+{
+       methodinfo *mi;
+       mi = class_findmethod(c, name, desc);
+
+       if (!mi) {
+               log_plain("Class: "); if (c) log_plain_utf(c->name); log_nl();
+               log_plain("Method: "); if (name) log_plain_utf(name); log_nl();
+               log_plain("Descriptor: "); if (desc) log_plain_utf(desc); log_nl();
+               panic("Method not found");
+       }
+
+       return mi;
+}
 
 
 /************************* Function: class_findmethod_approx ******************
@@ -2239,11 +2330,11 @@ methodinfo *class_findmethod (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-methodinfo *class_findmethod_approx (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+methodinfo *class_findmethod_approx(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        s4 i;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) 
+       for (i = 0; i < c->methodscount; i++) {
                if (c->methods[i].name == name) {
                        utf *meth_descr = c->methods[i].descriptor;
                        
@@ -2252,29 +2343,31 @@ methodinfo *class_findmethod_approx (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
                                return &(c->methods[i]);
 
                        if (desc->blength <= meth_descr->blength) {
-                                          /* current position in utf text   */
-                                          char *desc_utf_ptr = desc->text;      
-                                          char *meth_utf_ptr = meth_descr->text;                                         
-                                          /* points behind utf strings */
-                                          char *desc_end = utf_end(desc);         
-                                          char *meth_end = utf_end(meth_descr);   
-                                          char ch;
-
-                                          /* compare argument types */
-                                          while (desc_utf_ptr<desc_end && meth_utf_ptr<meth_end) {
-
-                                                  if ((ch=*desc_utf_ptr++) != (*meth_utf_ptr++))
-                                                          break; /* no match */
-
-                                                  if (ch==')')
-                                                          return &(c->methods[i]);   /* all parameter types equal */
-                                          }
+                               /* current position in utf text   */
+                               char *desc_utf_ptr = desc->text;      
+                               char *meth_utf_ptr = meth_descr->text;                                    
+                               /* points behind utf strings */
+                               char *desc_end = utf_end(desc);         
+                               char *meth_end = utf_end(meth_descr);   
+                               char ch;
+
+                               /* compare argument types */
+                               while (desc_utf_ptr < desc_end && meth_utf_ptr < meth_end) {
+
+                                       if ((ch = *desc_utf_ptr++) != (*meth_utf_ptr++))
+                                               break; /* no match */
+
+                                       if (ch == ')')
+                                               return &(c->methods[i]);   /* all parameter types equal */
+                               }
                        }
                }
+       }
 
        return NULL;
 }
 
+
 /***************** Function: class_resolvemethod_approx ***********************
        
        Searches a class and every super class for a method (without paying
@@ -2282,16 +2375,17 @@ methodinfo *class_findmethod_approx (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-methodinfo *class_resolvemethod_approx (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+methodinfo *class_resolvemethod_approx(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        while (c) {
                /* search for method (ignore returntype) */
-               methodinfo *m = class_findmethod_approx (c, name, desc);
+               methodinfo *m = class_findmethod_approx(c, name, desc);
                /* method found */
                if (m) return m;
                /* search superclass */
                c = c->super;
-               }
+       }
+
        return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -2302,7 +2396,7 @@ methodinfo *class_resolvemethod_approx (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-methodinfo *class_resolvemethod (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
+methodinfo *class_resolvemethod(classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
 {
        while (c) {
                methodinfo *m = class_findmethod(c, name, desc);
@@ -2310,11 +2404,11 @@ methodinfo *class_resolvemethod (classinfo *c, utf *name, utf *desc)
                /* search superclass */
                c = c->super;
        }
+
        return NULL;
 }
 
 
-
 /************************* Function: class_issubclass **************************
 
        Checks if sub is a descendant of super.
@@ -2325,13 +2419,12 @@ bool class_issubclass(classinfo *sub, classinfo *super)
 {
        for (;;) {
                if (!sub) return false;
-               if (sub==super) return true;
-               sub = sub -> super;
+               if (sub == super) return true;
+               sub = sub->super;
        }
 }
 
 
-
 /****************** Initialization function for classes ******************
 
        In Java, every class can have a static initialization function. This
@@ -2340,124 +2433,121 @@ bool class_issubclass(classinfo *sub, classinfo *super)
 
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
-extern int blockInts;
-#endif
-
 void class_init(classinfo *c)
 {
-        methodinfo *m;
-        java_objectheader *exceptionptr;
-        s4 i;
-        int b;
-
-
-        if (!makeinitializations)
-                return;
-        if (c->initialized)
-                return;
-        c -> initialized = true;
+       methodinfo *m;
+       s4 i;
+#ifdef USE_THREADS
+       int b;
+#endif
 
+       if (!makeinitializations)
+               return;
+       if (c->initialized)
+               return;
 
+       c->initialized = true;
 
 #ifdef STATISTICS
-        count_class_inits++;
+       count_class_inits++;
 #endif
 
-        if (c->super)
-                class_init (c->super);
-        for (i=0; i < c->interfacescount; i++)
-                class_init(c->interfaces[i]);  /* real */
-
-        m = class_findmethod (c, utf_clinit, utf_fidesc);
-        if (!m) {
-                if (initverbose) {
-                        sprintf (logtext, "Class ");
-                        utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name);
-                        sprintf (logtext+strlen(logtext), " has no initializer");
-                        dolog ();
-                        }
-/*              goto callinitialize;*/
-                return;
-                }
-
-        if (! (m->flags & ACC_STATIC))
-                panic ("Class initializer is not static!");
-
-        if (initverbose) {
-                sprintf (logtext, "Starting initializer for class: ");
-                utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name);
-                dolog ();
-        }
+       if (c->super)
+               class_init (c->super);
+       for (i = 0; i < c->interfacescount; i++)
+               class_init(c->interfaces[i]);  /* real */
+
+       m = class_findmethod(c, utf_clinit, utf_fidesc);
+       if (!m) {
+               if (initverbose) {
+                       char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+                       sprintf(logtext, "Class ");
+                       utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+                       sprintf(logtext + strlen(logtext), " has no initializer");
+                       log_text(logtext);
+               }
+               /*              goto callinitialize;*/
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (!(m->flags & ACC_STATIC))
+               panic("Class initializer is not static!");
+
+       if (initverbose) {
+               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+               sprintf(logtext, "Starting initializer for class: ");
+               utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+               log_text(logtext);
+       }
 
 #ifdef USE_THREADS
-        b = blockInts;
-        blockInts = 0;
+       b = blockInts;
+       blockInts = 0;
 #endif
 
-        exceptionptr = asm_calljavamethod(m, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+       asm_calljavafunction(m, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
 #ifdef USE_THREADS
-        assert(blockInts == 0);
-        blockInts = b;
+       assert(blockInts == 0);
+       blockInts = b;
 #endif
 
-        if (exceptionptr) {
-                printf ("#### Initializer of ");
-                utf_display (c->name);
-                printf (" has thrown: ");
-                utf_display (exceptionptr->vftbl->class->name);
-                printf ("\n");
-                fflush (stdout);
-                }
-
-        if (initverbose) {
-                sprintf (logtext, "Finished initializer for class: ");
-                utf_sprint (logtext+strlen(logtext), c->name);
-                dolog ();
-        }
-        if (c->name == utf_systemclass) {
-                /* class java.lang.System requires explicit initialization */
-
-                if (initverbose)
-                        printf ("#### Initializing class System");
-
-                /* find initializing method */
-                m = class_findmethod (c,
-                                        utf_initsystemclass,
-                                        utf_fidesc);
+       if (exceptionptr) {
+               printf("#### Initializer of ");
+               utf_display(c->name);
+               printf(" has thrown: ");
+               utf_display(exceptionptr->vftbl->class->name);
+               printf("\n");
+               fflush(stdout);
+       }
 
-                if (!m) {
-                        /* no method found */
-                        /* printf("initializeSystemClass failed"); */
-                        return;
-                }
-                #ifdef USE_THREADS
-                        b = blockInts;
-                        blockInts = 0;
-                #endif
+       if (initverbose) {
+               char logtext[MAXLOGTEXT];
+               sprintf(logtext, "Finished initializer for class: ");
+               utf_sprint(logtext + strlen(logtext), c->name);
+               log_text(logtext);
+       }
+       if (c->name == utf_systemclass) {
+               /* class java.lang.System requires explicit initialization */
 
-                exceptionptr = asm_calljavamethod (m, NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL);
+               if (initverbose)
+                       printf("#### Initializing class System");
 
-                #ifdef USE_THREADS
-                        assert(blockInts == 0);
-                        blockInts = b;
-                #endif
+                /* find initializing method */
+               m = class_findmethod(c,
+                                                        utf_initsystemclass,
+                                                        utf_fidesc);
+
+               if (!m) {
+                       /* no method found */
+                       /* printf("initializeSystemClass failed"); */
+                       return;
+               }
 
-                if (exceptionptr) {
-                        printf ("#### initializeSystemClass has thrown: ");
-                        utf_display (exceptionptr->vftbl->class->name);
-                        printf ("\n");
-                        fflush (stdout);
-                }
-        }
+#ifdef USE_THREADS
+               b = blockInts;
+               blockInts = 0;
+#endif
 
-}
+               asm_calljavafunction(m, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
+#ifdef USE_THREADS
+               assert(blockInts == 0);
+               blockInts = b;
+#endif
 
+               if (exceptionptr) {
+                       printf("#### initializeSystemClass has thrown: ");
+                       utf_display(exceptionptr->vftbl->class->name);
+                       printf("\n");
+                       fflush(stdout);
+               }
+       }
+}
 
 
 /********* Function: find_class_method_constant *********/
+
 int find_class_method_constant (classinfo *c, utf * c1, utf* m1, utf* d1)  
 {
        u4 i;
@@ -2720,36 +2810,71 @@ void class_showmethods (classinfo *c)
 
 static int loader_load_running = 0;
 
-classinfo *loader_load (utf *topname)
+classinfo *loader_load(utf *topname)
 {
        classinfo *top;
        classinfo *c;
-       long int starttime=0,stoptime=0;
+       s8 starttime = 0;
+       s8 stoptime = 0;
+       classinfo *notlinkable;
+       
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       pthread_mutex_lock(&compiler_mutex);
+#endif
 
        /* avoid recursive calls */
        if (loader_load_running)
                return class_new(topname);
+
        loader_load_running++;
        
-       intsDisable();                           /* schani */
+       intsDisable();
 
        if (getloadingtime)
                starttime = getcputime();
 
-       top = class_new (topname);
+       top = class_new(topname);
 
        /* load classes */
-       while ( (c = list_first(&unloadedclasses)) ) {
-               if (!class_load (c)) {
-                       list_remove (&unloadedclasses, c);
-                       top=NULL;
-                   }
-        }
+       while ((c = list_first(&unloadedclasses))) {
+               if (!class_load(c)) {
+                       if (linkverbose)
+                               dolog("Failed to load class");
+                       list_remove(&unloadedclasses, c);
+                       top = NULL;
+               }
+       }
 
        /* link classes */
-       while ( (c = list_first(&unlinkedclasses)) ) {
-               class_link (c);
-               }
+       if (linkverbose)
+               dolog("Linking...");
+
+       /* XXX added a hack to break infinite linking loops. A better
+        * linking algorithm would be nice. -Edwin */
+       notlinkable = NULL;
+       while ((c = list_first(&unlinkedclasses))) {
+               class_link(c);
+               if (!c->linked) {
+                       if (!notlinkable)
+                               notlinkable = c;
+                       else if (notlinkable == c) {
+                               /* We tried to link this class for the second time and
+                                * no other classes were linked in between, so we are
+                                * caught in a loop.
+                                */
+                               if (linkverbose)
+                                       dolog("Cannot resolve linking dependencies");
+                               top = NULL;
+                               if (!exceptionptr)
+                                       throw_linkageerror_message(c->name);
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+               } else
+                       notlinkable = NULL;
+       }
+       if (linkverbose)
+               dolog("Linking done.");
 
        if (loader_inited)
                loader_compute_subclasses();
@@ -2757,16 +2882,67 @@ classinfo *loader_load (utf *topname)
        /* measure time */
        if (getloadingtime) {
                stoptime = getcputime();
-               loadingtime += (stoptime-starttime);
-               }
+               loadingtime += (stoptime - starttime);
+       }
 
-       intsRestore();                          /* schani */
 
        loader_load_running--;
        
+       /* check if a former loader_load call tried to load/link the class and 
+          failed. This is needed because the class didn't appear in the 
+          undloadclasses or unlinkedclasses list during this class. */
+       if (top) {
+               if (!top->loaded) {
+                       if (linkverbose) dolog("Failed to load class (former call)");
+                       throw_noclassdeffounderror_message(top->name);
+                       top = NULL;
+                       
+               } else if (!top->linked) {
+                       if (linkverbose)
+                               dolog("Failed to link class (former call)");
+                       throw_linkageerror_message(top->name);
+                       top = NULL;
+               }
+       }
+
+       intsRestore();
+       
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(&compiler_mutex);
+#endif
+
+       /* XXX DEBUG */ if (linkverbose && !top) dolog("returning NULL from loader_load");
+       
        return top; 
 }
 
+/****************** Function: loader_load_sysclass ****************************
+
+       Loads and links the class desired class and each class and interface
+       referenced by it.
+
+    The pointer to the classinfo is stored in *top if top != NULL.
+    The pointer is also returned.
+
+    If the class could not be loaded the function aborts with an error.
+
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+classinfo *loader_load_sysclass(classinfo **top,utf *topname)
+{
+       classinfo *cls;
+
+       if ((cls = loader_load(topname)) == NULL) {
+               log_plain("Could not important system class: ");
+               log_plain_utf(topname);
+               log_nl();
+               panic("Could not load important system class");
+       }
+
+       if (top) *top = cls;
+
+       return cls;
+}
 
 /**************** function: create_primitive_classes ***************************
 
@@ -2784,12 +2960,13 @@ void create_primitive_classes()
                classinfo *c = class_new ( utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].name) );
                 c -> classUsed = NOTUSED; /* not used initially CO-RT */               
                c -> impldBy = NULL;
-
+               
                /* prevent loader from loading primitive class */
                list_remove (&unloadedclasses, c);
+               c->loaded=true;
                /* add to unlinked classes */
                list_addlast (&unlinkedclasses, c);             
-               c -> super = class_java_lang_Object;
+/*JOWENN primitive types don't have objects as super class             c -> super = class_java_lang_Object; */
                class_link (c);
 
                primitivetype_table[i].class_primitive = c;
@@ -2804,6 +2981,7 @@ void create_primitive_classes()
                if (primitivetype_table[i].arrayname) {
                        c = class_new( utf_new_char(primitivetype_table[i].arrayname) );
                        primitivetype_table[i].arrayclass = c;
+                       c->loaded=true;
                        if (!c->linked) class_link(c);
                        primitivetype_table[i].arrayvftbl = c->vftbl;
                }
@@ -2842,78 +3020,189 @@ classinfo *class_primitive_from_sig(char sig)
     utf_ptr....first character of descriptor
     end_ptr....first character after the end of the string
     next.......if non-NULL, *next is set to the first character after
-               the descriptor
-    mode.......what to do if a class descriptor is parsed successfully:
+               the descriptor. (Undefined if an error occurs.)
+
+    mode.......a combination (binary or) of the following flags:
+
+               (Flags marked with * are the default settings.)
+
+               What to do if a reference type descriptor is parsed successfully:
+
                    CLASSLOAD_SKIP...skip it and return something != NULL
-                   CLASSLOAD_NEW....get classinfo * via class_new
+                                * CLASSLOAD_NEW....get classinfo * via class_new
                    CLASSLOAD_LOAD...get classinfo * via loader_load
 
-    If the descriptor is invalid the return value is NULL
+               How to handle primitive types:
+
+                            * CLASSLOAD_PRIMITIVE.......return primitive class (eg. "int")
+                   CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE...return NULL for primitive types
+
+               How to handle "V" descriptors:
+
+                            * CLASSLOAD_VOID.....handle it like other primitive types
+                   CLASSLOAD_NOVOID...treat it as an error
+
+               How to deal with extra characters after the end of the
+               descriptor:
+
+                            * CLASSLOAD_NOCHECKEND...ignore (useful for parameter lists)
+                   CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND.....treat them as an error
+
+               How to deal with errors:
+
+                            * CLASSLOAD_PANIC....abort execution with an error message
+                   CLASSLOAD_NOPANIC..return NULL on error
 
 ********************************************************************************/
 
-classinfo *class_from_descriptor(char *utf_ptr,char *end_ptr,char **next,int mode)
+classinfo *class_from_descriptor(char *utf_ptr, char *end_ptr,
+                                                                char **next, int mode)
 {
        char *start = utf_ptr;
        bool error = false;
        utf *name;
-       
+
        SKIP_FIELDDESCRIPTOR_SAFE(utf_ptr,end_ptr,error);
-       if (error) return NULL;
-       if (next) *next = utf_ptr;
 
-       switch (*start) {
-         case 'L':
-                 start++;
-                 utf_ptr--;
-                 /* fallthrough */
-         case '[':
-                 if (mode == CLASSLOAD_SKIP) return class_java_lang_Object;
-                 name = utf_new(start,utf_ptr-start);
-                 return (mode == CLASSLOAD_LOAD) ? loader_load(name) : class_new(name);
-         default:
-                 return class_primitive_from_sig(*start);
+       if (mode & CLASSLOAD_CHECKEND)
+               error |= (utf_ptr != end_ptr);
+       
+       if (!error) {
+               if (next) *next = utf_ptr;
+               
+               switch (*start) {
+                 case 'V':
+                         if (mode & CLASSLOAD_NOVOID)
+                                 break;
+                         /* FALLTHROUGH! */
+                 case 'I':
+                 case 'J':
+                 case 'F':
+                 case 'D':
+                 case 'B':
+                 case 'C':
+                 case 'S':
+                 case 'Z':
+                         return (mode & CLASSLOAD_NULLPRIMITIVE)
+                                 ? NULL
+                                 : class_primitive_from_sig(*start);
+                         
+                 case 'L':
+                         start++;
+                         utf_ptr--;
+                         /* FALLTHROUGH! */
+                 case '[':
+                         if (mode & CLASSLOAD_SKIP) return class_java_lang_Object;
+                         name = utf_new(start,utf_ptr-start);
+                         return (mode & CLASSLOAD_LOAD)
+                                 ? loader_load(name) : class_new(name); /* XXX */
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* An error occurred */
+       if (mode & CLASSLOAD_NOPANIC)
+               return NULL;
+
+       log_plain("Invalid descriptor at beginning of '");
+       log_plain_utf(utf_new(start, end_ptr-start));
+       log_plain("'");
+       log_nl();
+                                                 
+       panic("Invalid descriptor");
+
+       /* keep compiler happy */
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/******************* function: type_from_descriptor ****************************
+
+    return the basic type indicated by the given descriptor
+
+    This function parses a descriptor and returns its basic type as
+    TYPE_INT, TYPE_LONG, TYPE_FLOAT, TYPE_DOUBLE, TYPE_ADDRESS or TYPE_VOID.
+
+    cls...if non-NULL the referenced variable is set to the classinfo *
+          returned by class_from_descriptor.
+
+    For documentation of the arguments utf_ptr, end_ptr, next and mode
+    see class_from_descriptor. The only difference is that
+    type_from_descriptor always uses CLASSLOAD_PANIC.
+
+********************************************************************************/
+
+int type_from_descriptor(classinfo **cls, char *utf_ptr, char *end_ptr,
+                                                char **next, int mode)
+{
+       classinfo *mycls;
+       if (!cls) cls = &mycls;
+       *cls = class_from_descriptor(utf_ptr, end_ptr, next, mode & (~CLASSLOAD_NOPANIC));
+       switch (*utf_ptr) {
+         case 'B': 
+         case 'C':
+         case 'I':
+         case 'S':  
+         case 'Z':
+                 return TYPE_INT;
+         case 'D':
+                 return TYPE_DOUBLE;
+         case 'F':
+                 return TYPE_FLOAT;
+         case 'J':
+                 return TYPE_LONG;
+         case 'V':
+                 return TYPE_VOID;
        }
+       return TYPE_ADDRESS;
 }
 
+
 /*************** function: create_pseudo_classes *******************************
 
        create pseudo classes used by the typechecker
 
 ********************************************************************************/
 
-static void
-create_pseudo_classes()
+static void create_pseudo_classes()
 {
     /* pseudo class for Arraystubs (extends java.lang.Object) */
     
-    pseudo_class_Arraystub = class_new( utf_new_char(";Arraystub;") );
-    list_remove(&unloadedclasses,pseudo_class_Arraystub);
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub = class_new(utf_new_char("$ARRAYSTUB$"));
+    list_remove(&unloadedclasses, pseudo_class_Arraystub);
 
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->super = class_java_lang_Object;
     pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfacescount = 2;
-    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*,2);
-    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[0] =
-        class_java_lang_Cloneable;
-    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[1] =
-        class_java_io_Serializable;
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces = MNEW(classinfo*, 2);
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[0] = class_java_lang_Cloneable;
+    pseudo_class_Arraystub->interfaces[1] = class_java_io_Serializable;
 
-    list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses,pseudo_class_Arraystub);
+    list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, pseudo_class_Arraystub);
     class_link(pseudo_class_Arraystub);
 
        pseudo_class_Arraystub_vftbl = pseudo_class_Arraystub->vftbl;
 
     /* pseudo class representing the null type */
     
-    pseudo_class_Null = class_new( utf_new_char(";Null;") );
-    list_remove(&unloadedclasses,pseudo_class_Null);
+    pseudo_class_Null = class_new(utf_new_char("$NULL$"));
+    list_remove(&unloadedclasses, pseudo_class_Null);
 
     pseudo_class_Null->super = class_java_lang_Object;
 
-    list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses,pseudo_class_Null);
+    list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses, pseudo_class_Null);
     class_link(pseudo_class_Null);     
+
+    /* pseudo class representing new uninitialized objects */
+    
+    pseudo_class_New = class_new( utf_new_char("$NEW$") );
+    list_remove(&unloadedclasses,pseudo_class_New);
+
+    pseudo_class_New->super = class_java_lang_Object;
+
+    list_addlast(&unlinkedclasses,pseudo_class_New);
+    class_link(pseudo_class_New);      
 }
 
+
 /********************** Function: loader_init **********************************
 
        Initializes all lists and loads all classes required for the system or the
@@ -2921,13 +3210,11 @@ create_pseudo_classes()
 
 *******************************************************************************/
  
-void loader_init (u1 * stackbottom)
+void loader_init(u1 * stackbottom)
 {
        interfaceindex = 0;
        
-       
        log_text("Entering loader_init");
-                               
        
        list_init (&unloadedclasses, OFFSET(classinfo, listnode) );
        list_init (&unlinkedclasses, OFFSET(classinfo, listnode) );
@@ -2942,105 +3229,102 @@ void loader_init (u1 * stackbottom)
        utf_clinit              = utf_new_char("<clinit>");
        utf_initsystemclass = utf_new_char("initializeSystemClass");
        utf_systemclass     = utf_new_char("java/lang/System");
-       utf_vmclassloader =utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClassLoader");
-       utf_initialize =utf_new_char("initialize");
-       utf_initializedesc =utf_new_char("(I)V");
-
-       utf_vmclass =utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClass");
-
-        /* create some important classes */
-        /* These classes have to be created now because the classinfo
-         * pointers are used in the loading code.
-         */
-        class_java_lang_Object = class_new( utf_new_char ("java/lang/Object") );
-        class_java_lang_String = class_new( utf_new_char("java/lang/String") );
-        class_java_lang_Cloneable = class_new( utf_new_char ("java/lang/Cloneable") );
-        class_java_io_Serializable = class_new( utf_new_char ("java/io/Serializable") );
-
-        log_text("loader_init: java/lang/Object");
-        /* load the classes which were created above */
-        loader_load (class_java_lang_Object->name);
-
-        loader_inited=1; /*JOWENN*/
-
-        class_java_lang_Throwable =
-                loader_load( utf_new_char("java/lang/Throwable") );
-
-        log_text("loader_init:  loader_load: java/lang/ClassCastException");
-        class_java_lang_ClassCastException =
-                loader_load ( utf_new_char ("java/lang/ClassCastException") );
-        class_java_lang_NullPointerException =
-                loader_load ( utf_new_char ("java/lang/NullPointerException") );
-        class_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException = loader_load (
-             utf_new_char ("java/lang/ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException") );
-        class_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException = loader_load (
-             utf_new_char ("java/lang/NegativeArraySizeException") );
-        class_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError = loader_load (
-             utf_new_char ("java/lang/OutOfMemoryError") );
-        class_java_lang_ArrayStoreException =
-                loader_load ( utf_new_char ("java/lang/ArrayStoreException") );
-        class_java_lang_ArithmeticException =
-                loader_load ( utf_new_char ("java/lang/ArithmeticException") );
-        class_java_lang_ThreadDeath =                             /* schani */
-                loader_load ( utf_new_char ("java/lang/ThreadDeath") );
-        /* create classes representing primitive types */
-        create_primitive_classes();
-
-        /* create classes used by the typechecker */
-        create_pseudo_classes();
-
-        /* correct vftbl-entries (retarded loading of class java/lang/String) */
-        stringtable_update();
-#ifdef USE_THREADS
-        if (stackbottom!=0)
-                initLocks();
-#endif
+       utf_vmclassloader   = utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClassLoader");
+       utf_initialize      = utf_new_char("initialize");
+       utf_initializedesc  = utf_new_char("(I)V");
+
+       utf_vmclass         = utf_new_char("java/lang/VMClass");
+
+       /* create some important classes */
+       /* These classes have to be created now because the classinfo
+        * pointers are used in the loading code.
+        */
+       class_java_lang_Object = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/Object"));
+       class_java_lang_String = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/String"));
+       class_java_lang_Cloneable = class_new(utf_new_char("java/lang/Cloneable"));
+       class_java_io_Serializable = class_new(utf_new_char("java/io/Serializable"));
+
+       log_text("loader_init: java/lang/Object");
+       /* load the classes which were created above */
+       loader_load_sysclass(NULL, class_java_lang_Object->name);
+
+       loader_inited = 1; /*JOWENN*/
+
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_Throwable,
+                                                utf_new_char("java/lang/Throwable"));
+
+       log_text("loader_init:  loader_load: java/lang/ClassCastException");
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_ClassCastException,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/ClassCastException"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_NullPointerException,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/NullPointerException"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/NegativeArraySizeException"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/OutOfMemoryError"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_ArrayStoreException,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/ArrayStoreException"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_ArithmeticException,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/ArithmeticException"));
+       loader_load_sysclass(&class_java_lang_ThreadDeath,
+                                                utf_new_char ("java/lang/ThreadDeath"));
+               
+       /* create classes representing primitive types */
+       create_primitive_classes();
 
+       /* create classes used by the typechecker */
+       create_pseudo_classes();
 
+       /* correct vftbl-entries (retarded loading of class java/lang/String) */
+       stringtable_update();
 
-        log_text("loader_init: creating global proto_java_lang_ClassCastException");
-        proto_java_lang_ClassCastException =
-                builtin_new(class_java_lang_ClassCastException);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_ClassCastException);
+#ifdef USE_THREADS
+       if (stackbottom!=0)
+               initLocks();
+#endif
 
-        log_text("loader_init: proto_java_lang_ClassCastException has been initialized");
+       log_text("loader_init: creating global proto_java_lang_ClassCastException");
+       proto_java_lang_ClassCastException =
+               builtin_new(class_java_lang_ClassCastException);
+/*     heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_ClassCastException); */
 
-        proto_java_lang_NullPointerException =
-               builtin_new(class_java_lang_NullPointerException);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_NullPointerException);
-        log_text("loader_init: proto_java_lang_NullPointerException has been initialized");
+       log_text("loader_init: proto_java_lang_ClassCastException has been initialized");
 
-        proto_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException =
-                builtin_new(class_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException);
+       proto_java_lang_NullPointerException =
+               builtin_new(class_java_lang_NullPointerException);
+/*     heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_NullPointerException); */
+       log_text("loader_init: proto_java_lang_NullPointerException has been initialized");
 
-        proto_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException =
-                builtin_new(class_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException);
+       proto_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException =
+               builtin_new(class_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException);
+/*     heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException); */
 
-        proto_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError =
-                builtin_new(class_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError);
+       proto_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException =
+               builtin_new(class_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException);
+/*     heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException); */
 
-        proto_java_lang_ArithmeticException =
-               builtin_new(class_java_lang_ArithmeticException);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_ArithmeticException);
+       proto_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError =
+               builtin_new(class_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError);
+/*     heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError); */
 
-        proto_java_lang_ArrayStoreException =
-                builtin_new(class_java_lang_ArrayStoreException);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_ArrayStoreException);
+       proto_java_lang_ArithmeticException =
+               builtin_new(class_java_lang_ArithmeticException);
+/*     heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_ArithmeticException); */
 
-        proto_java_lang_ThreadDeath =                             /* schani */
-                builtin_new(class_java_lang_ThreadDeath);
-        heap_addreference ( (void**) &proto_java_lang_ThreadDeath);
+       proto_java_lang_ArrayStoreException =
+               builtin_new(class_java_lang_ArrayStoreException);
+/*     heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_ArrayStoreException); */
 
-        loader_inited = 1;
+       proto_java_lang_ThreadDeath =                             /* schani */
+               builtin_new(class_java_lang_ThreadDeath);
+/*     heap_addreference((void**) &proto_java_lang_ThreadDeath); */
 
+       loader_inited = 1;
 }
 
 
-
-
 /********************* Function: loader_initclasses ****************************
 
        Initializes all loaded but uninitialized classes
@@ -3051,6 +3335,10 @@ void loader_initclasses ()
 {
        classinfo *c;
        
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       pthread_mutex_lock(&compiler_mutex);
+#endif
+
        intsDisable();                     /* schani */
 
        if (makeinitializations) {
@@ -3062,11 +3350,15 @@ void loader_initclasses ()
                }
 
        intsRestore();                      /* schani */
+       
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(&compiler_mutex);
+#endif
 }
 
 static s4 classvalue;
 
-static void loader_compute_class_values (classinfo *c)
+static void loader_compute_class_values(classinfo *c)
 {
        classinfo *subs;
 
@@ -3076,7 +3368,7 @@ static void loader_compute_class_values (classinfo *c)
        while (subs != NULL) {
                loader_compute_class_values(subs);
                subs = subs->nextsub;
-               }
+       }
        c->vftbl->diffval = classvalue - c->vftbl->baseval;
        
        /*
@@ -3089,41 +3381,46 @@ static void loader_compute_class_values (classinfo *c)
        printf("\n");
        }
        */
-       
 }
 
 
-void loader_compute_subclasses ()
+void loader_compute_subclasses()
 {
        classinfo *c;
        
        intsDisable();                     /* schani */
 
-       c = list_first (&linkedclasses);
+       c = list_first(&linkedclasses);
        while (c) {
                if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE)) {
                        c->nextsub = 0;
                        c->sub = 0;
-                       }
-               c = list_next (&linkedclasses, c);
                }
+               c = list_next (&linkedclasses, c);
+       }
 
        c = list_first (&linkedclasses);
        while (c) {
                if (!(c->flags & ACC_INTERFACE) && (c->super != NULL)) {
                        c->nextsub = c->super->sub;
                        c->super->sub = c;
-                       }
-               c = list_next (&linkedclasses, c);
                }
+               c = list_next (&linkedclasses, c);
+       }
+
        classvalue = 0;
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       cast_lock();
+#endif
        loader_compute_class_values(class_java_lang_Object);
+#if defined(USE_THREADS) && defined(NATIVE_THREADS)
+       cast_unlock();
+#endif
 
        intsRestore();                      /* schani */
 }
 
 
-
 /******************** function classloader_buffer ******************************
  
     sets buffer for reading classdata
@@ -3132,9 +3429,9 @@ void loader_compute_subclasses ()
 
 void classload_buffer(u1 *buf, int len)
 {
-       classbuffer        =  buf;
-       classbuffer_size   =  len;
-       classbuf_pos       =  buf - 1;
+       classbuffer      = buf;
+       classbuffer_size = len;
+       classbuf_pos     = buf - 1;
 }
 
 
@@ -3144,22 +3441,22 @@ void classload_buffer(u1 *buf, int len)
        
 *******************************************************************************/
 
-void loader_close ()
+void loader_close()
 {
        classinfo *c;
 
-       while ( (c=list_first(&unloadedclasses)) ) {
-               list_remove (&unloadedclasses,c);
-               class_free (c);
-               }
-       while ( (c=list_first(&unlinkedclasses)) ) {
-               list_remove (&unlinkedclasses,c);
-               class_free (c);
-               }
-       while ( (c=list_first(&linkedclasses)) ) {
-               list_remove (&linkedclasses,c);
-               class_free (c);
-               }
+       while ((c = list_first(&unloadedclasses))) {
+               list_remove(&unloadedclasses, c);
+               class_free(c);
+       }
+       while ((c = list_first(&unlinkedclasses))) {
+               list_remove(&unlinkedclasses, c);
+               class_free(c);
+       }
+       while ((c = list_first(&linkedclasses))) {
+               list_remove(&linkedclasses, c);
+               class_free(c);
+       }
 }