//
// expression.cs: Expression representation for the IL tree.
//
// Author:
//   Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com)
//
// (C) 2001 Ximian, Inc.
//
//
#define USE_OLD

namespace Mono.CSharp {
	using System;
	using System.Collections;
	using System.Diagnostics;
	using System.Reflection;
	using System.Reflection.Emit;
	using System.Text;

	/// <summary>
	///   This is just a helper class, it is generated by Unary, UnaryMutator
	///   when an overloaded method has been found.  It just emits the code for a
	///   static call.
	/// </summary>
	public class StaticCallExpr : ExpressionStatement {
		ArrayList args;
		MethodInfo mi;

		StaticCallExpr (MethodInfo m, ArrayList a)
		{
			mi = m;
			args = a;

			type = m.ReturnType;
			eclass = ExprClass.Value;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			//
			// We are born fully resolved
			//
			return this;
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			if (args != null) 
				Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, mi, args);

			ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, mi);
			return;
		}
		
		static public Expression MakeSimpleCall (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr mg,
							 Expression e, Location loc)
		{
			ArrayList args;
			MethodBase method;
			
			args = new ArrayList (1);
			args.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
			method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, args, loc);

			if (method == null)
				return null;

			return new StaticCallExpr ((MethodInfo) method, args);
		}

		public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Emit (ec);
			if (type != TypeManager.void_type)
				ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
		}
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	///   Unary expressions.  
	/// </summary>
	///
	/// <remarks>
	///   Unary implements unary expressions.   It derives from
	///   ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
	///   operators can be used in a statement context.
	/// </remarks>
	public class Unary : Expression {
		public enum Operator : byte {
			UnaryPlus, UnaryNegation, LogicalNot, OnesComplement,
			Indirection, AddressOf,  TOP
		}

		Operator   oper;
		Expression expr;
		Location   loc;
		
		public Unary (Operator op, Expression expr, Location loc)
		{
			this.oper = op;
			this.expr = expr;
			this.loc = loc;
		}

		public Expression Expr {
			get {
				return expr;
			}

			set {
				expr = value;
			}
		}

		public Operator Oper {
			get {
				return oper;
			}

			set {
				oper = value;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		///   Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
		/// </summary>
		string OperName ()
		{
			switch (oper){
			case Operator.UnaryPlus:
				return "+";
			case Operator.UnaryNegation:
				return "-";
			case Operator.LogicalNot:
				return "!";
			case Operator.OnesComplement:
				return "~";
			case Operator.AddressOf:
				return "&";
			case Operator.Indirection:
				return "*";
			}

			return oper.ToString ();
		}

		static string [] oper_names;

		static Unary ()
		{
			oper_names = new string [(int)Operator.TOP];

			oper_names [(int) Operator.UnaryPlus] = "op_UnaryPlus";
			oper_names [(int) Operator.UnaryNegation] = "op_UnaryNegation";
			oper_names [(int) Operator.LogicalNot] = "op_LogicalNot";
			oper_names [(int) Operator.OnesComplement] = "op_OnesComplement";
			oper_names [(int) Operator.Indirection] = "op_Indirection";
			oper_names [(int) Operator.AddressOf] = "op_AddressOf";
		}

		void error23 (Type t)
		{
			Report.Error (
				23, loc, "Operator " + OperName () +
				" cannot be applied to operand of type `" +
				TypeManager.CSharpName (t) + "'");
		}

		/// <remarks>
		///   The result has been already resolved:
		///
		///   FIXME: a minus constant -128 sbyte cant be turned into a
		///   constant byte.
		/// </remarks>
		static Expression TryReduceNegative (Expression expr)
		{
			Expression e = null;
			
			if (expr is IntConstant)
				e = new IntConstant (-((IntConstant) expr).Value);
			else if (expr is UIntConstant)
				e = new LongConstant (-((UIntConstant) expr).Value);
			else if (expr is LongConstant)
				e = new LongConstant (-((LongConstant) expr).Value);
			else if (expr is FloatConstant)
				e = new FloatConstant (-((FloatConstant) expr).Value);
			else if (expr is DoubleConstant)
				e = new DoubleConstant (-((DoubleConstant) expr).Value);
			else if (expr is DecimalConstant)
				e = new DecimalConstant (-((DecimalConstant) expr).Value);
			else if (expr is ShortConstant)
				e = new IntConstant (-((ShortConstant) expr).Value);
			else if (expr is UShortConstant)
				e = new IntConstant (-((UShortConstant) expr).Value);

			return e;
		}
		
		Expression Reduce (EmitContext ec, Expression e)
		{
			Type expr_type = e.Type;
			
			switch (oper){
			case Operator.UnaryPlus:
				return e;
				
			case Operator.UnaryNegation:
				return TryReduceNegative (e);
				
			case Operator.LogicalNot:
				if (expr_type != TypeManager.bool_type) {
					error23 (expr_type);
					return null;
				}
				
				BoolConstant b = (BoolConstant) e;
				return new BoolConstant (!(b.Value));
				
			case Operator.OnesComplement:
				if (!((expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
				      (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
				      (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
				      (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
				      (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)))){
					error23 (expr_type);
					return null;
				}

				if (e is EnumConstant){
					EnumConstant enum_constant = (EnumConstant) e;
					
					Expression reduced = Reduce (ec, enum_constant.Child);

					return new EnumConstant ((Constant) reduced, enum_constant.Type);
				}

				if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
					return new IntConstant (~ ((IntConstant) e).Value);
				if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
					return new UIntConstant (~ ((UIntConstant) e).Value);
				if (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
					return new LongConstant (~ ((LongConstant) e).Value);
				if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return new ULongConstant (~ ((ULongConstant) e).Value);

				throw new Exception (
					"FIXME: Implement constant OnesComplement of:" +
					expr_type);
			}
			throw new Exception ("Can not constant fold");
		}

		Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Type expr_type = expr.Type;

			//
			// Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
			//
			Expression mg;
			string op_name;
			
			op_name = oper_names [(int) oper];

			mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type, op_name, loc);
			
			if (mg == null && expr_type.BaseType != null)
				mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type.BaseType, op_name, loc);
			
			if (mg != null) {
				Expression e = StaticCallExpr.MakeSimpleCall (
					ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, expr, loc);

				if (e == null){
					error23 (expr_type);
					return null;
				}
				
				return e;
			}

			// Only perform numeric promotions on:
			// +, - 

			if (expr_type == null)
				return null;
			
			//
			// Step 2: Default operations on CLI native types.
			//
			if (expr is Constant)
				return Reduce (ec, expr);

			if (oper == Operator.LogicalNot){
				if (expr_type != TypeManager.bool_type) {
					error23 (expr.Type);
					return null;
				}
				
				type = TypeManager.bool_type;
				return this;
			}

			if (oper == Operator.OnesComplement) {
				if (!((expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
				      (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
				      (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
				      (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
				      (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)))){
					error23 (expr.Type);
					return null;
				}
				type = expr_type;
				return this;
			}

			if (oper == Operator.UnaryPlus) {
				//
				// A plus in front of something is just a no-op, so return the child.
				//
				return expr;
			}

			//
			// Deals with -literals
			// int     operator- (int x)
			// long    operator- (long x)
			// float   operator- (float f)
			// double  operator- (double d)
			// decimal operator- (decimal d)
			//
			if (oper == Operator.UnaryNegation){
				Expression e = null;

				//
				// perform numeric promotions to int,
				// long, double.
				//
				//
				// The following is inneficient, because we call
				// ConvertImplicit too many times.
				//
				// It is also not clear if we should convert to Float
				// or Double initially.
				//
				if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
					//
					// FIXME: handle exception to this rule that
					// permits the int value -2147483648 (-2^31) to
					// bt wrote as a decimal interger literal
					//
					type = TypeManager.int64_type;
					expr = ConvertImplicit (ec, expr, type, loc);
					return this;
				}

				if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
					//
					// FIXME: Handle exception of `long value'
					// -92233720368547758087 (-2^63) to be wrote as
					// decimal integer literal.
					//
					error23 (expr_type);
					return null;
				}

				if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type){
					type = expr_type;
					return this;
				}
				
				e = ConvertImplicit (ec, expr, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
				if (e != null){
					expr = e;
					type = e.Type;
					return this;
				} 

				e = ConvertImplicit (ec, expr, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
				if (e != null){
					expr = e;
					type = e.Type;
					return this;
				}

				e = ConvertImplicit (ec, expr, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
				if (e != null){
					expr = e;
					type = e.Type;
					return this;
				}

				error23 (expr_type);
				return null;
			}

			if (oper == Operator.AddressOf){
				if (expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable){
					Error (211, loc, "Cannot take the address of non-variables");
					return null;
				}

				if (!ec.InUnsafe) {
					Error (214, loc, "Pointers may only be used in an unsafe context");
					return null;
				}

				type = Type.GetType (expr.Type.ToString () + "*");

				return this;
			}
			
			Error (187, loc, "No such operator '" + OperName () + "' defined for type '" +
			       TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + "'");
			return null;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
			
			if (expr == null)
				return null;

			eclass = ExprClass.Value;
			return ResolveOperator (ec);
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			Type expr_type = expr.Type;
			
			switch (oper) {
			case Operator.UnaryPlus:
				throw new Exception ("This should be caught by Resolve");
				
			case Operator.UnaryNegation:
				expr.Emit (ec);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Neg);
				break;
				
			case Operator.LogicalNot:
				expr.Emit (ec);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
				break;
				
			case Operator.OnesComplement:
				expr.Emit (ec);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Not);
				break;
				
			case Operator.AddressOf:
				((IMemoryLocation)expr).AddressOf (ec);
				break;
				
			case Operator.Indirection:
				throw new Exception ("Not implemented yet");
				
			default:
				throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
						     + oper.ToString ());
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		///   This will emit the child expression for `ec' avoiding the logical
		///   not.  The parent will take care of changing brfalse/brtrue
		/// </summary>
		public void EmitLogicalNot (EmitContext ec)
		{
			if (oper != Operator.LogicalNot)
				throw new Exception ("EmitLogicalNot can only be called with !expr");

			expr.Emit (ec);
		}
		
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Unary Mutator expressions (pre and post ++ and --)
	/// </summary>
	///
	/// <remarks>
	///   UnaryMutator implements ++ and -- expressions.   It derives from
	///   ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
	///   operators can be used in a statement context.
	///
	/// FIXME: Idea, we could split this up in two classes, one simpler
	/// for the common case, and one with the extra fields for more complex
	/// classes (indexers require temporary access;  overloaded require method)
	///
	/// Maybe we should have classes PreIncrement, PostIncrement, PreDecrement,
	/// PostDecrement, that way we could save the `Mode' byte as well.  
	/// </remarks>
	public class UnaryMutator : ExpressionStatement {
		public enum Mode : byte {
			PreIncrement, PreDecrement, PostIncrement, PostDecrement
		}
		
		Mode mode;
		Location loc;
		Expression expr;
		LocalTemporary temp_storage;

		//
		// This is expensive for the simplest case.
		//
		Expression method;
			
		public UnaryMutator (Mode m, Expression e, Location l)
		{
			mode = m;
			loc = l;
			expr = e;
		}

		string OperName ()
		{
			return (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PostIncrement) ?
				"++" : "--";
		}
		
		void error23 (Type t)
		{
			Report.Error (
				23, loc, "Operator " + OperName () + 
				" cannot be applied to operand of type `" +
				TypeManager.CSharpName (t) + "'");
		}

		/// <summary>
		///   Returns whether an object of type `t' can be incremented
		///   or decremented with add/sub (ie, basically whether we can
		///   use pre-post incr-decr operations on it, but it is not a
		///   System.Decimal, which we require operator overloading to catch)
		/// </summary>
		static bool IsIncrementableNumber (Type t)
		{
			return (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
				(t == TypeManager.byte_type) ||
				(t == TypeManager.short_type) ||
				(t == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
				(t == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
				(t == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
				(t == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
				(t == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
				(t == TypeManager.char_type) ||
				(t.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)) ||
				(t == TypeManager.float_type) ||
				(t == TypeManager.double_type);
		}

		Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Type expr_type = expr.Type;

			//
			// Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
			//
			Expression mg;
			string op_name;
			
			if (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PostIncrement)
				op_name = "op_Increment";
			else 
				op_name = "op_Decrement";

			mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type, op_name, loc);

			if (mg == null && expr_type.BaseType != null)
				mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type.BaseType, op_name, loc);
			
			if (mg != null) {
				method = StaticCallExpr.MakeSimpleCall (
					ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, expr, loc);

				type = method.Type;
				return this;
			}

			//
			// The operand of the prefix/postfix increment decrement operators
			// should be an expression that is classified as a variable,
			// a property access or an indexer access
			//
			type = expr_type;
			if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Variable){
				if (IsIncrementableNumber (expr_type) ||
				    expr_type == TypeManager.decimal_type){
					return this;
				}
			} else if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess){
				IndexerAccess ia = (IndexerAccess) expr;
				
				temp_storage = new LocalTemporary (ec, expr.Type);
				
				expr = ia.ResolveLValue (ec, temp_storage);
				if (expr == null)
					return null;

				return this;
			} else if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess){
				PropertyExpr pe = (PropertyExpr) expr;

				if (pe.VerifyAssignable ())
					return this;

				return null;
			} else {
				report118 (loc, expr, "variable, indexer or property access");
				return null;
			}

			Error (187, loc, "No such operator '" + OperName () + "' defined for type '" +
			       TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + "'");
			return null;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
			
			if (expr == null)
				return null;

			eclass = ExprClass.Value;
			return ResolveOperator (ec);
		}
		

		//
		// FIXME: We need some way of avoiding the use of temp_storage
		// for some types of storage (parameters, local variables,
		// static fields) and single-dimension array access.
		//
		void EmitCode (EmitContext ec, bool is_expr)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			IAssignMethod ia = (IAssignMethod) expr;
			Type expr_type = expr.Type;
			
			if (temp_storage == null)
				temp_storage = new LocalTemporary (ec, expr_type);

			switch (mode){
			case Mode.PreIncrement:
			case Mode.PreDecrement:
				if (method == null){
					expr.Emit (ec);

					if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
					    expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I8, 1L);
					else if (expr_type == TypeManager.double_type)
						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_R8, 1.0);
					else if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type)
						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_R4, 1.0F);
					else
						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
				
					if (mode == Mode.PreDecrement)
						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
					else
						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
				} else
					method.Emit (ec);
				
				temp_storage.Store (ec);
				ia.EmitAssign (ec, temp_storage);
				if (is_expr)
					temp_storage.Emit (ec);
				break;
				
			case Mode.PostIncrement:
			case Mode.PostDecrement:
				if (is_expr)
					expr.Emit (ec);
				
				if (method == null){
					if (!is_expr)
						expr.Emit (ec);
					else
						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);

					if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
					    expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I8, 1L);
					else if (expr_type == TypeManager.double_type)
						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_R8, 1.0);
					else if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type)
						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_R4, 1.0F);
					else
						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
				
					if (mode == Mode.PostDecrement)
						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
					else
						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
				} else {
					method.Emit (ec);
				}
				
				temp_storage.Store (ec);
				ia.EmitAssign (ec, temp_storage);
				break;
			}
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			EmitCode (ec, true);
			
		}
		
		public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
		{
			EmitCode (ec, false);
		}

	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Base class for the `Is' and `As' classes. 
	/// </summary>
	///
	/// <remarks>
	///   FIXME: Split this in two, and we get to save the `Operator' Oper
	///   size. 
	/// </remarks>
	public abstract class Probe : Expression {
		public readonly string ProbeType;
		protected Expression expr;
		protected Type probe_type;
		Location loc;
		
		public Probe (Expression expr, string probe_type, Location l)
		{
			ProbeType = probe_type;
			loc = l;
			this.expr = expr;
		}

		public Expression Expr {
			get {
				return expr;
			}
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			probe_type = RootContext.LookupType (ec.TypeContainer, ProbeType, false, loc);

			if (probe_type == null)
				return null;

			expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
			
			return this;
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Implementation of the `is' operator.
	/// </summary>
	public class Is : Probe {
		public Is (Expression expr, string probe_type, Location l)
			: base (expr, probe_type, l)
		{
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			
			expr.Emit (ec);
			
			ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type);
			ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldnull);
			ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Expression e = base.DoResolve (ec);

			if (e == null)
				return null;

			type = TypeManager.bool_type;
			eclass = ExprClass.Value;

			return this;
		}				
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Implementation of the `as' operator.
	/// </summary>
	public class As : Probe {
		public As (Expression expr, string probe_type, Location l)
			: base (expr, probe_type, l)
		{
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;

			expr.Emit (ec);
			ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type);
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Expression e = base.DoResolve (ec);

			if (e == null)
				return null;

			type = probe_type;
			eclass = ExprClass.Value;

			return this;
		}				
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	///   This represents a typecast in the source language.
	///
	///   FIXME: Cast expressions have an unusual set of parsing
	///   rules, we need to figure those out.
	/// </summary>
	public class Cast : Expression {
		Expression target_type;
		Expression expr;
		Location   loc;
			
		public Cast (Expression cast_type, Expression expr, Location loc)
		{
			this.target_type = cast_type;
			this.expr = expr;
			this.loc = loc;
		}

		public Expression TargetType {
			get {
				return target_type;
			}
		}

		public Expression Expr {
			get {
				return expr;
			}
			set {
				expr = value;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		///   Attempts to do a compile-time folding of a constant cast.
		/// </summary>
		Expression TryReduce (EmitContext ec, Type target_type)
		{
			if (expr is ByteConstant){
				byte v = ((ByteConstant) expr).Value;
	
				if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
					return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
					return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
					return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
					return new IntConstant ((int) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
					return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
					return new LongConstant ((long) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
					return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
					return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
			}
			if (expr is SByteConstant){
				sbyte v = ((SByteConstant) expr).Value;
	
				if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
					return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
					return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
					return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
					return new IntConstant ((int) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
					return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
					return new LongConstant ((long) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
					return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
					return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
			}
			if (expr is ShortConstant){
				short v = ((ShortConstant) expr).Value;
	
				if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
					return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
					return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
					return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
					return new IntConstant ((int) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
					return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
					return new LongConstant ((long) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
					return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
					return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
			}
			if (expr is UShortConstant){
				ushort v = ((UShortConstant) expr).Value;
	
				if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
					return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
					return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
					return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
					return new IntConstant ((int) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
					return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
					return new LongConstant ((long) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
					return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
					return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
			}
			if (expr is IntConstant){
				int v = ((IntConstant) expr).Value;
	
				if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
					return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
					return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
					return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
					return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
					return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
					return new LongConstant ((long) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
					return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
					return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
			}
			if (expr is UIntConstant){
				uint v = ((UIntConstant) expr).Value;
	
				if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
					return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
					return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
					return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
					return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
					return new IntConstant ((int) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
					return new LongConstant ((long) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
					return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
					return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
			}
			if (expr is LongConstant){
				long v = ((LongConstant) expr).Value;
	
				if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
					return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
					return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
					return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
					return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
					return new IntConstant ((int) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
					return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
					return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
					return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
			}
			if (expr is ULongConstant){
				ulong v = ((ULongConstant) expr).Value;
	
				if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
					return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
					return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
					return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
					return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
					return new IntConstant ((int) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
					return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
					return new LongConstant ((long) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
					return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
					return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
			}
			if (expr is FloatConstant){
				float v = ((FloatConstant) expr).Value;
	
				if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
					return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
					return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
					return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
					return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
					return new IntConstant ((int) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
					return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
					return new LongConstant ((long) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
					return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
			}
			if (expr is DoubleConstant){
				double v = ((DoubleConstant) expr).Value;
	
				if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
					return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
					return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
					return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
					return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
					return new IntConstant ((int) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
					return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
					return new LongConstant ((long) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
				if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
					return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
			}

			return null;
		}
		
		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
			if (expr == null)
				return null;

			target_type = target_type.Resolve (ec);
			if (target_type == null)
				return null;

			if (target_type.eclass != ExprClass.Type){
				report118 (loc, target_type, "class");
				return null;
			}
			
			type = target_type.Type;
			eclass = ExprClass.Value;
			
			if (type == null)
				return null;

			if (expr is Constant){
				Expression e = TryReduce (ec, type);

				if (e != null)
					return e;
			}
			
			expr = ConvertExplicit (ec, expr, type, loc);
			return expr;
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			//
			// This one will never happen
			//
			throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Binary operators
	/// </summary>
	public class Binary : Expression {
		public enum Operator : byte {
			Multiply, Division, Modulus,
			Addition, Subtraction,
			LeftShift, RightShift,
			LessThan, GreaterThan, LessThanOrEqual, GreaterThanOrEqual, 
			Equality, Inequality,
			BitwiseAnd,
			ExclusiveOr,
			BitwiseOr,
			LogicalAnd,
			LogicalOr
		}

		Operator oper;
		Expression left, right;
		MethodBase method;
		ArrayList  Arguments;
		Location   loc;

		bool DelegateOperation;

		public Binary (Operator oper, Expression left, Expression right, Location loc)
		{
			this.oper = oper;
			this.left = left;
			this.right = right;
			this.loc = loc;
		}

		public Operator Oper {
			get {
				return oper;
			}
			set {
				oper = value;
			}
		}
		
		public Expression Left {
			get {
				return left;
			}
			set {
				left = value;
			}
		}

		public Expression Right {
			get {
				return right;
			}
			set {
				right = value;
			}
		}


		/// <summary>
		///   Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
		/// </summary>
		string OperName ()
		{
			switch (oper){
			case Operator.Multiply:
				return "*";
			case Operator.Division:
				return "/";
			case Operator.Modulus:
				return "%";
			case Operator.Addition:
				return "+";
			case Operator.Subtraction:
				return "-";
			case Operator.LeftShift:
				return "<<";
			case Operator.RightShift:
				return ">>";
			case Operator.LessThan:
				return "<";
			case Operator.GreaterThan:
				return ">";
			case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
				return "<=";
			case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
				return ">=";
			case Operator.Equality:
				return "==";
			case Operator.Inequality:
				return "!=";
			case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
				return "&";
			case Operator.BitwiseOr:
				return "|";
			case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
				return "^";
			case Operator.LogicalOr:
				return "||";
			case Operator.LogicalAnd:
				return "&&";
			}

			return oper.ToString ();
		}

		Expression ForceConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression expr, Type target_type)
		{
			if (expr.Type == target_type)
				return expr;

			return ConvertImplicit (ec, expr, target_type, new Location (-1));
		}
		
		//
		// Note that handling the case l == Decimal || r == Decimal
		// is taken care of by the Step 1 Operator Overload resolution.
		//
		bool DoNumericPromotions (EmitContext ec, Type l, Type r)
		{
			if (l == TypeManager.double_type || r == TypeManager.double_type){
				//
				// If either operand is of type double, the other operand is
				// conveted to type double.
				//
				if (r != TypeManager.double_type)
					right = ConvertImplicit (ec, right, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
				if (l != TypeManager.double_type)
					left = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
				
				type = TypeManager.double_type;
			} else if (l == TypeManager.float_type || r == TypeManager.float_type){
				//
				// if either operand is of type float, th eother operand is
				// converd to type float.
				//
				if (r != TypeManager.double_type)
					right = ConvertImplicit (ec, right, TypeManager.float_type, loc);
				if (l != TypeManager.double_type)
					left = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.float_type, loc);
				type = TypeManager.float_type;
			} else if (l == TypeManager.uint64_type || r == TypeManager.uint64_type){
				Expression e;
				Type other;
				//
				// If either operand is of type ulong, the other operand is
				// converted to type ulong.  or an error ocurrs if the other
				// operand is of type sbyte, short, int or long
				//
				if (l == TypeManager.uint64_type){
					if (r != TypeManager.uint64_type){
						if (right is IntConstant){
							IntConstant ic = (IntConstant) right;
							
							e = TryImplicitIntConversion (l, ic);
							if (e != null)
								right = e;
						} else if (right is LongConstant){
							long ll = ((LongConstant) right).Value;

							if (ll > 0)
								right = new ULongConstant ((ulong) ll);
						} else {
							e = ImplicitNumericConversion (ec, right, l, loc);
							if (e != null)
								right = e;
						}
					}
					other = right.Type;
				} else {
					if (left is IntConstant){
						e = TryImplicitIntConversion (r, (IntConstant) left);
						if (e != null)
							left = e;
					} else if (left is LongConstant){
						long ll = ((LongConstant) left).Value;
						
						if (ll > 0)
							left = new ULongConstant ((ulong) ll);
					} else {
						e = ImplicitNumericConversion (ec, left, r, loc);
						if (e != null)
							left = e;
					}
					other = left.Type;
				}

				if ((other == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
				    (other == TypeManager.short_type) ||
				    (other == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
				    (other == TypeManager.int64_type)){
					string oper = OperName ();
					
					Error (34, loc, "Operator `" + OperName ()
					       + "' is ambiguous on operands of type `"
					       + TypeManager.CSharpName (l) + "' "
					       + "and `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (r)
					       + "'");
				}
				type = TypeManager.uint64_type;
			} else if (l == TypeManager.int64_type || r == TypeManager.int64_type){
				//
				// If either operand is of type long, the other operand is converted
				// to type long.
				//
				if (l != TypeManager.int64_type)
					left = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
				if (r != TypeManager.int64_type)
					right = ConvertImplicit (ec, right, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);

				type = TypeManager.int64_type;
			} else if (l == TypeManager.uint32_type || r == TypeManager.uint32_type){
				//
				// If either operand is of type uint, and the other
				// operand is of type sbyte, short or int, othe operands are
				// converted to type long.
				//
				Type other = null;
				
				if (l == TypeManager.uint32_type){
					if (right is IntConstant){
						IntConstant ic = (IntConstant) right;
						int val = ic.Value;
						
						if (val >= 0)
							right = new UIntConstant ((uint) val);

						type = l;
						return true;
					}
					other = r;
				} 
				else if (r == TypeManager.uint32_type){
					if (left is IntConstant){
						IntConstant ic = (IntConstant) left;
						int val = ic.Value;
						
						if (val >= 0)
							left = new UIntConstant ((uint) val);

						type = r;
						return true;
					}
					
					other = l;
				}

				if ((other == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
				    (other == TypeManager.short_type) ||
				    (other == TypeManager.int32_type)){
					left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type);
					right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int64_type);
					type = TypeManager.int64_type;
				} else {
					//
					// if either operand is of type uint, the other
					// operand is converd to type uint
					//
					left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint32_type);
					right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.uint32_type);
					type = TypeManager.uint32_type;
				} 
			} else if (l == TypeManager.decimal_type || r == TypeManager.decimal_type){
				if (l != TypeManager.decimal_type)
					left = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.decimal_type, loc);
				if (r != TypeManager.decimal_type)
					right = ConvertImplicit (ec, right, TypeManager.decimal_type, loc);

				type = TypeManager.decimal_type;
			} else {
				Expression l_tmp, r_tmp;

				l_tmp = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int32_type);
				if (l_tmp == null)
					return false;
				
				r_tmp = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int32_type);
				if (r_tmp == null)
					return false;

				left = l_tmp;
				right = r_tmp;
				
				type = TypeManager.int32_type;
			}

			return true;
		}

		void error19 ()
		{
			Error (19, loc,
			       "Operator " + OperName () + " cannot be applied to operands of type `" +
			       TypeManager.CSharpName (left.Type) + "' and `" +
			       TypeManager.CSharpName (right.Type) + "'");
						     
		}
		
		Expression CheckShiftArguments (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Expression e;
			Type l = left.Type;
			Type r = right.Type;

			e = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int32_type);
			if (e == null){
				error19 ();
				return null;
			}
			right = e;

			if (((e = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.int32_type, loc)) != null) ||
			    ((e = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.uint32_type, loc)) != null) ||
			    ((e = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type, loc)) != null) ||
			    ((e = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.uint64_type, loc)) != null)){
				left = e;
				type = e.Type;

				return this;
			}
			error19 ();
			return null;
		}
		
		Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Type l = left.Type;
			Type r = right.Type;

			//
			// Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
			//
			Expression left_expr, right_expr;
			
			string op = "op_" + oper;

			left_expr = MemberLookup (ec, l, op, loc);
			if (left_expr == null && l.BaseType != null)
				left_expr = MemberLookup (ec, l.BaseType, op, loc);
			
			right_expr = MemberLookup (ec, r, op, loc);
			if (right_expr == null && r.BaseType != null)
				right_expr = MemberLookup (ec, r.BaseType, op, loc);
			
			MethodGroupExpr union = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (left_expr, right_expr);
			
			if (union != null) {
				Arguments = new ArrayList ();
				Arguments.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
				Arguments.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));

				method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (ec, union, Arguments, loc);
				if (method != null) {
					MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) method;
					type = mi.ReturnType;
					return this;
				} else {
					error19 ();
					return null;
				}
			}	

			//
			// Step 2: Default operations on CLI native types.
			//

			// Only perform numeric promotions on:
			// +, -, *, /, %, &, |, ^, ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
			//
			if (oper == Operator.Addition){
				//
				// If any of the arguments is a string, cast to string
				//
				if (l == TypeManager.string_type){
					if (r == TypeManager.string_type){
						if (left is Constant && right is Constant){
							StringConstant ls = (StringConstant) left;
							StringConstant rs = (StringConstant) right;
							
							return new StringConstant (
								ls.Value + rs.Value);
						}
						
						// string + string
						method = TypeManager.string_concat_string_string;
					} else {
						// string + object
						method = TypeManager.string_concat_object_object;
						right = ConvertImplicit (ec, right,
									 TypeManager.object_type, loc);
					}
					type = TypeManager.string_type;

					Arguments = new ArrayList ();
					Arguments.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
					Arguments.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));

					return this;
					
				} else if (r == TypeManager.string_type){
					// object + string
					method = TypeManager.string_concat_object_object;
					Arguments = new ArrayList ();
					Arguments.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
					Arguments.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));

					left = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.object_type, loc);
					type = TypeManager.string_type;

					return this;
				}
			}

			if (oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction) {
				if (l.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type) &&
				    r.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type)) {
					
					Arguments = new ArrayList ();
					Arguments.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
					Arguments.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
					
					if (oper == Operator.Addition)
						method = TypeManager.delegate_combine_delegate_delegate;
					else
						method = TypeManager.delegate_remove_delegate_delegate;
					
					DelegateOperation = true;
					type = l;
					return this;
				}
			}
			
			//
			// Enumeration operators
			//
			bool lie = TypeManager.IsEnumType (l);
			bool rie = TypeManager.IsEnumType (r);
			if (lie || rie){
				Expression temp;

				if (!rie){
					temp = ConvertImplicit (ec, right, l, loc);
					if (temp != null)
						right = temp;
				} if (!lie){
					temp = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, r, loc);
					if (temp != null){
						left = temp;
						l = r;
					}
				}
				
				if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality ||
				    oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual || oper == Operator.LessThan ||
				    oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual || oper == Operator.GreaterThan){
					type = TypeManager.bool_type;
					return this;
				}

				if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd ||
				    oper == Operator.BitwiseOr ||
				    oper == Operator.ExclusiveOr){
					type = l;
					return this;
				}
			}
			
			if (oper == Operator.LeftShift || oper == Operator.RightShift)
				return CheckShiftArguments (ec);

			if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr || oper == Operator.LogicalAnd){
				if (l != TypeManager.bool_type || r != TypeManager.bool_type){
					error19 ();
					return null;
				}

				type = TypeManager.bool_type;
				return this;
			} 

			if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality){
				if (l == TypeManager.bool_type || r == TypeManager.bool_type){
					if (r != TypeManager.bool_type || l != TypeManager.bool_type){
						error19 ();
						return null;
					}
					
					type = TypeManager.bool_type;
					return this;
				}

				//
				// operator != (object a, object b)
				// operator == (object a, object b)
				//
				// For this to be used, both arguments have to be reference-types.
				// Read the rationale on the spec (14.9.6)
				//
				// Also, if at compile time we know that the classes do not inherit
				// one from the other, then we catch the error there.
				//
				if (!(l.IsValueType || r.IsValueType)){
					type = TypeManager.bool_type;

					if (l == r)
						return this;
					
					if (l.IsSubclassOf (r) || r.IsSubclassOf (l))
						return this;

					//
					// We are going to have to convert to an object to compare
					//
					if (l != TypeManager.object_type)
						left = new EmptyCast (left, TypeManager.object_type);
					if (r != TypeManager.object_type)
						right = new EmptyCast (right, TypeManager.object_type);

					return this;
				}
			}

			//
			// We are dealing with numbers
			//

			if (!DoNumericPromotions (ec, l, r)){
				error19 ();
				return null;
			}

			if (left == null || right == null)
				return null;

			//
			// reload our cached types if required
			//
			l = left.Type;
			r = right.Type;
			
			if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd ||
			    oper == Operator.BitwiseOr ||
			    oper == Operator.ExclusiveOr){
				if (l == r){
					if (!((l == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
					      (l == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
					      (l == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
					      (l == TypeManager.uint64_type)))
						type = l;
				} else {
					error19 ();
					return null;
				}
			}

			if (oper == Operator.Equality ||
			    oper == Operator.Inequality ||
			    oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual ||
			    oper == Operator.LessThan ||
			    oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual ||
			    oper == Operator.GreaterThan){
				type = TypeManager.bool_type;
			}

			return this;
		}

		/// <summary>
		///   Constant expression reducer for binary operations
		/// </summary>
		public Expression ConstantFold (EmitContext ec)
		{
			object l = ((Constant) left).GetValue ();
			object r = ((Constant) right).GetValue ();
			
			if (l is string && r is string)
				return new StringConstant ((string) l + (string) r);

			Type result_type = null;

			//
			// Enumerator folding
			//
			if (left.Type == right.Type && left is EnumConstant)
				result_type = left.Type;

			switch (oper){
			case Operator.BitwiseOr:
				if ((l is int) && (r is int)){
					IntConstant v;
					int res = (int)l | (int)r;
					
					v = new IntConstant (res);
					if (result_type == null)
						return v;
					else
						return new EnumConstant (v, result_type);
				}
				break;
				
			case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
				if ((l is int) && (r is int)){
					IntConstant v;
					int res = (int)l & (int)r;
					
					v = new IntConstant (res);
					if (result_type == null)
						return v;
					else
						return new EnumConstant (v, result_type);
				}
				break;
			}
					
			return null;
		}
		
		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			left = left.Resolve (ec);
			right = right.Resolve (ec);

			if (left == null || right == null)
				return null;

			if (left.Type == null)
				throw new Exception (
					"Resolve returned non null, but did not set the type! (" +
					left + ") at Line: " + loc.Row);
			if (right.Type == null)
				throw new Exception (
					"Resolve returned non null, but did not set the type! (" +
					right + ") at Line: "+ loc.Row);

			eclass = ExprClass.Value;

			if (left is Constant && right is Constant){
				//
				// This is temporary until we do the full folding
				//
				Expression e = ConstantFold (ec);
				if (e != null)
					return e;
			}

			return ResolveOperator (ec);
		}

		public bool IsBranchable ()
		{
			if (oper == Operator.Equality ||
			    oper == Operator.Inequality ||
			    oper == Operator.LessThan ||
			    oper == Operator.GreaterThan ||
			    oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual ||
			    oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual){
				return true;
			} else
				return false;
		}

		/// <summary>
		///   This entry point is used by routines that might want
		///   to emit a brfalse/brtrue after an expression, and instead
		///   they could use a more compact notation.
		///
		///   Typically the code would generate l.emit/r.emit, followed
		///   by the comparission and then a brtrue/brfalse.  The comparissions
		///   are sometimes inneficient (there are not as complete as the branches
		///   look for the hacks in Emit using double ceqs).
		///
		///   So for those cases we provide EmitBranchable that can emit the
		///   branch with the test
		/// </summary>
		public void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, int target)
		{
			OpCode opcode;
			bool close_target = false;
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
				
			//
			// short-circuit operators
			//
			if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd){
				left.Emit (ec);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
				right.Emit (ec);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
			} else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr){
				left.Emit (ec);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brtrue, target);
				right.Emit (ec);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
			}
				
			left.Emit (ec);
			right.Emit (ec);
			
			switch (oper){
			case Operator.Equality:
				if (close_target)
					opcode = OpCodes.Beq_S;
				else
					opcode = OpCodes.Beq;
				break;

			case Operator.Inequality:
				if (close_target)
					opcode = OpCodes.Bne_Un_S;
				else
					opcode = OpCodes.Bne_Un;
				break;

			case Operator.LessThan:
				if (close_target)
					opcode = OpCodes.Blt_S;
				else
					opcode = OpCodes.Blt;
				break;

			case Operator.GreaterThan:
				if (close_target)
					opcode = OpCodes.Bgt_S;
				else
					opcode = OpCodes.Bgt;
				break;

			case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
				if (close_target)
					opcode = OpCodes.Ble_S;
				else
					opcode = OpCodes.Ble;
				break;

			case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
				if (close_target)
					opcode = OpCodes.Bge_S;
				else
					opcode = OpCodes.Ble;
				break;

			default:
				throw new Exception ("EmitBranchable called on non-EmitBranchable operator: "
						     + oper.ToString ());
			}

			ig.Emit (opcode, target);
		}
		
		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			Type l = left.Type;
			Type r = right.Type;
			OpCode opcode;

			if (method != null) {

				// Note that operators are static anyway
				
				if (Arguments != null) 
					Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments);
				
				if (method is MethodInfo)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
				else
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);

				if (DelegateOperation)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Castclass, type);
					
				return;
			}

			//
			// Handle short-circuit operators differently
			// than the rest
			//
			if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd){
				Label load_zero = ig.DefineLabel ();
				Label end = ig.DefineLabel ();
				
				left.Emit (ec);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, load_zero);
				right.Emit (ec);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end);
				ig.MarkLabel (load_zero);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
				ig.MarkLabel (end);
				return;
			} else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr){
				Label load_one = ig.DefineLabel ();
				Label end = ig.DefineLabel ();
				
				left.Emit (ec);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brtrue, load_one);
				right.Emit (ec);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end);
				ig.MarkLabel (load_one);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
				ig.MarkLabel (end);
				return;
			}
			
			left.Emit (ec);
			right.Emit (ec);

			switch (oper){
			case Operator.Multiply:
				if (ec.CheckState){
					if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
						opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf;
					else if (l==TypeManager.uint32_type || l==TypeManager.uint64_type)
						opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un;
					else
						opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
				} else
					opcode = OpCodes.Mul;

				break;

			case Operator.Division:
				if (l == TypeManager.uint32_type || l == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					opcode = OpCodes.Div_Un;
				else
					opcode = OpCodes.Div;
				break;

			case Operator.Modulus:
				if (l == TypeManager.uint32_type || l == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					opcode = OpCodes.Rem_Un;
				else
					opcode = OpCodes.Rem;
				break;

			case Operator.Addition:
				if (ec.CheckState){
					if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
						opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf;
					else if (l==TypeManager.uint32_type || l==TypeManager.uint64_type)
						opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf_Un;
					else
						opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
				} else
					opcode = OpCodes.Add;
				break;

			case Operator.Subtraction:
				if (ec.CheckState){
					if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
						opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf;
					else if (l==TypeManager.uint32_type || l==TypeManager.uint64_type)
						opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf_Un;
					else
						opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
				} else
					opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
				break;

			case Operator.RightShift:
				opcode = OpCodes.Shr;
				break;
				
			case Operator.LeftShift:
				opcode = OpCodes.Shl;
				break;

			case Operator.Equality:
				opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
				break;

			case Operator.Inequality:
				ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
				ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
				
				opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
				break;

			case Operator.LessThan:
				opcode = OpCodes.Clt;
				break;

			case Operator.GreaterThan:
				opcode = OpCodes.Cgt;
				break;

			case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
				ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt);
				ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
				
				opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
				break;

			case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
				ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Clt);
				ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
				
				opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
				break;

			case Operator.BitwiseOr:
				opcode = OpCodes.Or;
				break;

			case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
				opcode = OpCodes.And;
				break;

			case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
				opcode = OpCodes.Xor;
				break;

			default:
				throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
						     + oper.ToString ());
			}

			ig.Emit (opcode);
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Implements the ternary conditiona operator (?:)
	/// </summary>
	public class Conditional : Expression {
		Expression expr, trueExpr, falseExpr;
		Location loc;
		
		public Conditional (Expression expr, Expression trueExpr, Expression falseExpr, Location l)
		{
			this.expr = expr;
			this.trueExpr = trueExpr;
			this.falseExpr = falseExpr;
			this.loc = l;
		}

		public Expression Expr {
			get {
				return expr;
			}
		}

		public Expression TrueExpr {
			get {
				return trueExpr;
			}
		}

		public Expression FalseExpr {
			get {
				return falseExpr;
			}
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			expr = expr.Resolve (ec);

			if (expr.Type != TypeManager.bool_type)
				expr = Expression.ConvertImplicitRequired (
					ec, expr, TypeManager.bool_type, loc);
			
			trueExpr = trueExpr.Resolve (ec);
			falseExpr = falseExpr.Resolve (ec);

			if (expr == null || trueExpr == null || falseExpr == null)
				return null;

			if (trueExpr.Type == falseExpr.Type)
				type = trueExpr.Type;
			else {
				Expression conv;

				//
				// First, if an implicit conversion exists from trueExpr
				// to falseExpr, then the result type is of type falseExpr.Type
				//
				conv = ConvertImplicit (ec, trueExpr, falseExpr.Type, loc);
				if (conv != null){
					type = falseExpr.Type;
					trueExpr = conv;
				} else if ((conv = ConvertImplicit(ec, falseExpr,trueExpr.Type,loc))!= null){
					type = trueExpr.Type;
					falseExpr = conv;
				} else {
					Error (173, loc, "The type of the conditional expression can " +
					       "not be computed because there is no implicit conversion" +
					       " from `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (trueExpr.Type) + "'" +
					       " and `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (falseExpr.Type) + "'");
					return null;
				}
			}

			if (expr is BoolConstant){
				BoolConstant bc = (BoolConstant) expr;

				if (bc.Value)
					return trueExpr;
				else
					return falseExpr;
			}

			eclass = ExprClass.Value;
			return this;
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			Label false_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
			Label end_target = ig.DefineLabel ();

			expr.Emit (ec);
			ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, false_target);
			trueExpr.Emit (ec);
			ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end_target);
			ig.MarkLabel (false_target);
			falseExpr.Emit (ec);
			ig.MarkLabel (end_target);
		}

	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Local variables
	/// </summary>
	public class LocalVariableReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation {
		public readonly string Name;
		public readonly Block Block;
		Location loc;
		VariableInfo variable_info;
		
		public LocalVariableReference (Block block, string name, Location l)
		{
			Block = block;
			Name = name;
			loc = l;
			eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
		}

		public VariableInfo VariableInfo {
			get {
				if (variable_info == null)
					variable_info = Block.GetVariableInfo (Name);
				return variable_info;
			}
		}
		
		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			VariableInfo vi = VariableInfo;

			if (Block.IsConstant (Name)) {
				Expression e = Block.GetConstantExpression (Name);

				e = e.Resolve (ec);
				if (e == null)  
					return null;

				if (!(e is Constant)) {
					Report.Error (150, loc, "A constant value is expected");
					return null;
				}

				vi.Used = true;
				return e;
			}

			type = vi.VariableType;
			return this;
		}

		override public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
		{
			Expression e = DoResolve (ec);

			if (e == null)
				return null;

			VariableInfo vi = VariableInfo;
			
			if (vi.ReadOnly){
				if (vi.Assigned){
					Report.Error (
						1604, loc,
						"cannot assign to `" + Name + "' because it is readonly");
					return null;
				}
			}
			
			return this;
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			VariableInfo vi = VariableInfo;
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			int idx = vi.Idx;

			vi.Used = true;

			switch (idx){
			case 0:
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc_0);
				break;
				
			case 1:
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc_1);
				break;
				
			case 2:
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc_2);
				break;
				
			case 3:
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc_3);
				break;
				
			default:
				if (idx <= 255)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc_S, (byte) idx);
				else
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, idx);
				break;
			}
		}
		
		public static void Store (ILGenerator ig, int idx)
		{
			switch (idx){
			case 0:
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc_0);
				break;
				
			case 1:
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc_1);
				break;
				
			case 2:
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc_2);
				break;
				
			case 3:
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc_3);
				break;
				
			default:
				if (idx <= 255)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc_S, (byte) idx);
				else
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, idx);
				break;
			}
		}

		public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			VariableInfo vi = VariableInfo;

			vi.Assigned = true;

			source.Emit (ec);
			
			// Funny seems the code below generates optimal code for us, but
			// seems to take too long to generate what we need.
			// ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, vi.LocalBuilder);

			Store (ig, vi.Idx);
		}
		
		public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec)
		{
			VariableInfo vi = VariableInfo;
			int idx = vi.Idx;

			vi.Used = true;
			vi.Assigned = true;
			
			if (idx <= 255)
				ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca_S, (byte) idx);
			else
				ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca, idx);
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   This represents a reference to a parameter in the intermediate
	///   representation.
	/// </summary>
	public class ParameterReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation {
		Parameters pars;
		String name;
		int idx;
		public bool is_ref;
		
		public ParameterReference (Parameters pars, int idx, string name)
		{
			this.pars = pars;
			this.idx  = idx;
			this.name = name;
			eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
		}

		//
		// Notice that for ref/out parameters, the type exposed is not the
		// same type exposed externally.
		//
		// for "ref int a":
		//   externally we expose "int&"
		//   here we expose       "int".
		//
		// We record this in "is_ref".  This means that the type system can treat
		// the type as it is expected, but when we generate the code, we generate
		// the alternate kind of code.
		//
		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			type = pars.GetParameterInfo (ec.TypeContainer, idx, out is_ref);
			eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
			
			return this;
		}

		//
		// This method is used by parameters that are references, that are
		// being passed as references:  we only want to pass the pointer (that
		// is already stored in the parameter, not the address of the pointer,
		// and not the value of the variable).
		//
		public void EmitLoad (EmitContext ec)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			int arg_idx = idx;

			if (!ec.IsStatic)
				arg_idx++;
			
			if (arg_idx <= 255)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte) arg_idx);
			else
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg, arg_idx);
		}
		
		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			int arg_idx = idx;

			if (!ec.IsStatic)
				arg_idx++;
			
			if (arg_idx <= 255)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte) arg_idx);
			else
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg, arg_idx);

			if (!is_ref)
				return;

			//
			// If we are a reference, we loaded on the stack a pointer
			// Now lets load the real value
			//

			if (type == TypeManager.int32_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_I4);
			else if (type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_U4);
			else if (type == TypeManager.int64_type || type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_I8);
			else if (type == TypeManager.char_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_U2);
			else if (type == TypeManager.short_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_I2);
			else if (type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_U2);
			else if (type == TypeManager.float_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_R4);
			else if (type == TypeManager.double_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_R8);
			else if (type == TypeManager.byte_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_U1);
			else if (type == TypeManager.sbyte_type || type == TypeManager.bool_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_I1);
			else if (type == TypeManager.intptr_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_I);
			else
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldind_Ref);
		}

		public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			int arg_idx = idx;

			if (!ec.IsStatic)
				arg_idx++;

			if (is_ref){
				// Load the pointer
				if (arg_idx <= 255)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte) arg_idx);
				else
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg, arg_idx);
			}
			
			source.Emit (ec);

			if (is_ref){
				if (type == TypeManager.int32_type || type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_I4);
				else if (type == TypeManager.int64_type || type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_I8);
				else if (type == TypeManager.char_type || type == TypeManager.short_type ||
					type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_I2);
				else if (type == TypeManager.float_type)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_R4);
				else if (type == TypeManager.double_type)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_R8);
				else if (type == TypeManager.byte_type || type == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
					type == TypeManager.bool_type)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_I1);
				else if (type == TypeManager.intptr_type)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_I);
				else
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stind_Ref);
			} else {
				if (arg_idx <= 255)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg_S, (byte) arg_idx);
				else
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg, arg_idx);
			}
			
		}

		public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec)
		{
			int arg_idx = idx;

			if (!ec.IsStatic)
				arg_idx++;

			if (arg_idx <= 255)
				ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga_S, (byte) arg_idx);
			else
				ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga, arg_idx);
		}
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	///   Used for arguments to New(), Invocation()
	/// </summary>
	public class Argument {
		public enum AType : byte {
			Expression,
			Ref,
			Out
		};

		public readonly AType ArgType;
		public Expression expr;
		
		public Argument (Expression expr, AType type)
		{
			this.expr = expr;
			this.ArgType = type;
		}

		public Expression Expr {
			get {
				return expr;
			}

			set {
				expr = value;
			}
		}

		public Type Type {
			get {
				return expr.Type;
			}
		}

		public Parameter.Modifier GetParameterModifier ()
		{
			if (ArgType == AType.Ref)
				return Parameter.Modifier.REF;

			if (ArgType == AType.Out)
				return Parameter.Modifier.OUT;

			return Parameter.Modifier.NONE;
		}

	        public static string FullDesc (Argument a)
		{
			return (a.ArgType == AType.Ref ? "ref " :
				(a.ArgType == AType.Out ? "out " : "")) +
				TypeManager.CSharpName (a.Expr.Type);
		}
		
		public bool Resolve (EmitContext ec, Location loc)
		{
			expr = expr.Resolve (ec);

			if (ArgType == AType.Expression)
				return expr != null;

			if (expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable){
				//
				// We just probe to match the CSC output
				//
				if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess ||
				    expr.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess){
					Report.Error (
						206, loc,
						"A property or indexer can not be passed as an out or ref " +
						"parameter");
				} else {
					Report.Error (
						1510, loc,
						"An lvalue is required as an argument to out or ref");
				}
				return false;
			}
				
			return expr != null;
		}

		public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			//
			// Ref and Out parameters need to have their addresses taken.
			//
			// ParameterReferences might already be references, so we want
			// to pass just the value
			//
			if (ArgType == AType.Ref || ArgType == AType.Out){
				if (expr is ParameterReference){
					ParameterReference pr = (ParameterReference) expr;

					if (pr.is_ref)
						pr.EmitLoad (ec);
					else
						pr.AddressOf (ec);
				} else
					((IMemoryLocation)expr).AddressOf (ec);
			} else
				expr.Emit (ec);
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Invocation of methods or delegates.
	/// </summary>
	public class Invocation : ExpressionStatement {
		public readonly ArrayList Arguments;
		Location loc;

		Expression expr;
		MethodBase method = null;
		bool is_base;
		
		static Hashtable method_parameter_cache;

		static Invocation ()
		{
			method_parameter_cache = new PtrHashtable ();
		}
			
		//
		// arguments is an ArrayList, but we do not want to typecast,
		// as it might be null.
		//
		// FIXME: only allow expr to be a method invocation or a
		// delegate invocation (7.5.5)
		//
		public Invocation (Expression expr, ArrayList arguments, Location l)
		{
			this.expr = expr;
			Arguments = arguments;
			loc = l;
		}

		public Expression Expr {
			get {
				return expr;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		///   Returns the Parameters (a ParameterData interface) for the
		///   Method `mb'
		/// </summary>
		public static ParameterData GetParameterData (MethodBase mb)
		{
			object pd = method_parameter_cache [mb];
			object ip;
			
			if (pd != null)
				return (ParameterData) pd;

			
			ip = TypeManager.LookupParametersByBuilder (mb);
			if (ip != null){
				method_parameter_cache [mb] = ip;

				return (ParameterData) ip;
			} else {
				ParameterInfo [] pi = mb.GetParameters ();
				ReflectionParameters rp = new ReflectionParameters (pi);
				method_parameter_cache [mb] = rp;

				return (ParameterData) rp;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		///  Determines "better conversion" as specified in 7.4.2.3
		///  Returns : 1 if a->p is better
		///            0 if a->q or neither is better 
		/// </summary>
		static int BetterConversion (EmitContext ec, Argument a, Type p, Type q, Location loc)
		{
			Type argument_type = a.Type;
			Expression argument_expr = a.Expr;

			if (argument_type == null)
				throw new Exception ("Expression of type " + a.Expr + " does not resolve its type");

			if (p == q)
				return 0;
			
			if (argument_type == p)
				return 1;

			if (argument_type == q)
				return 0;

			//
			// Now probe whether an implicit constant expression conversion
			// can be used.
			//
			// An implicit constant expression conversion permits the following
			// conversions:
			//
			//    * A constant-expression of type `int' can be converted to type
			//      sbyte, byute, short, ushort, uint, ulong provided the value of
			//      of the expression is withing the range of the destination type.
			//
			//    * A constant-expression of type long can be converted to type
			//      ulong, provided the value of the constant expression is not negative
			//
			// FIXME: Note that this assumes that constant folding has
			// taken place.  We dont do constant folding yet.
			//

			if (argument_expr is IntConstant){
				IntConstant ei = (IntConstant) argument_expr;
				int value = ei.Value;
				
				if (p == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
					if (value >= SByte.MinValue && value <= SByte.MaxValue)
						return 1;
				} else if (p == TypeManager.byte_type){
					if (Byte.MinValue >= 0 && value <= Byte.MaxValue)
						return 1;
				} else if (p == TypeManager.short_type){
					if (value >= Int16.MinValue && value <= Int16.MaxValue)
						return 1;
				} else if (p == TypeManager.ushort_type){
					if (value >= UInt16.MinValue && value <= UInt16.MaxValue)
						return 1;
				} else if (p == TypeManager.uint32_type){
					//
					// we can optimize this case: a positive int32
					// always fits on a uint32
					//
					if (value >= 0)
						return 1;
				} else if (p == TypeManager.uint64_type){
					//
					// we can optimize this case: a positive int32
					// always fits on a uint64
					//
					if (value >= 0)
						return 1;
				}
			} else if (argument_type == TypeManager.int64_type && argument_expr is LongConstant){
				LongConstant lc = (LongConstant) argument_expr;
				
				if (p == TypeManager.uint64_type){
					if (lc.Value > 0)
						return 1;
				}
			}

			if (q == null) {
				Expression tmp = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, argument_expr, p, loc);
				
				if (tmp != null)
					return 1;
				else
					return 0;
			}

			if (StandardConversionExists (p, q) == true &&
			    StandardConversionExists (q, p) == false)
				return 1;

			if (p == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
				if (q == TypeManager.byte_type || q == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
				    q == TypeManager.uint32_type || q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return 1;

			if (p == TypeManager.short_type)
				if (q == TypeManager.ushort_type || q == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
				    q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return 1;

			if (p == TypeManager.int32_type)
				if (q == TypeManager.uint32_type || q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return 1;

			if (p == TypeManager.int64_type)
				if (q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
					return 1;

			return 0;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		///  Determines "Better function"
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		///    and returns an integer indicating :
		///    0 if candidate ain't better
		///    1 if candidate is better than the current best match
		/// </remarks>
		static int BetterFunction (EmitContext ec, ArrayList args,
					   MethodBase candidate, MethodBase best,
					   bool expanded_form, Location loc)
		{
			ParameterData candidate_pd = GetParameterData (candidate);
			ParameterData best_pd;
			int argument_count;
		

			if (args == null)
				argument_count = 0;
			else
				argument_count = args.Count;

			if (candidate_pd.Count == 0 && argument_count == 0)
				return 1;

			if (candidate_pd.ParameterModifier (candidate_pd.Count - 1) != Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
				if (candidate_pd.Count != argument_count)
					return 0;
			
			if (best == null) {
				int x = 0;
				for (int j = argument_count; j > 0;) {
					j--;
					
					Argument a = (Argument) args [j];
					Type t = candidate_pd.ParameterType (j);

					if (candidate_pd.ParameterModifier (j) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
						if (expanded_form)
							t = t.GetElementType ();
					
					x = BetterConversion (ec, a, t, null, loc);
					
					if (x <= 0)
						break;
				}
				
				if (x > 0)
					return 1;
				else
					return 0;
			}

			best_pd = GetParameterData (best);

			int rating1 = 0, rating2 = 0;
			
			for (int j = 0; j < argument_count; ++j) {
				int x, y;
				
				Argument a = (Argument) args [j];

				Type ct = candidate_pd.ParameterType (j);
				Type bt = best_pd.ParameterType (j);

				if (candidate_pd.ParameterModifier (j) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
					if (expanded_form)
						ct = ct.GetElementType ();

				if (best_pd.ParameterModifier (j) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
					if (expanded_form)
						bt = bt.GetElementType ();
				
				x = BetterConversion (ec, a, ct, bt, loc);
				y = BetterConversion (ec, a, bt, ct, loc);
						      
				if (x < y)
					break;
				
				rating1 += x;
				rating2 += y;
			}

			if (rating1 > rating2)
				return 1;
			else
				return 0;
		}

		public static string FullMethodDesc (MethodBase mb)
		{
			string ret_type = "";

			if (mb is MethodInfo)
				ret_type = TypeManager.CSharpName (((MethodInfo) mb).ReturnType);
			
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder (ret_type + " " + mb.Name);
			ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (mb);

			int count = pd.Count;
			sb.Append (" (");
			
			for (int i = count; i > 0; ) {
				i--;

				sb.Append (pd.ParameterDesc (count - i - 1));
				if (i != 0)
					sb.Append (", ");
			}
			
			sb.Append (")");
			return sb.ToString ();
		}

		public static MethodGroupExpr MakeUnionSet (Expression mg1, Expression mg2)
		{
			MemberInfo [] miset;
			MethodGroupExpr union;
			
			if (mg1 != null && mg2 != null) {
				
				MethodGroupExpr left_set = null, right_set = null;
				int length1 = 0, length2 = 0;
				
				left_set = (MethodGroupExpr) mg1;
				length1 = left_set.Methods.Length;
				
				right_set = (MethodGroupExpr) mg2;
				length2 = right_set.Methods.Length;

				ArrayList common = new ArrayList ();
				
				for (int i = 0; i < left_set.Methods.Length; i++) {
					for (int j = 0; j < right_set.Methods.Length; j++) {
						if (left_set.Methods [i] == right_set.Methods [j]) 
							common.Add (left_set.Methods [i]);
					}
				}
				
				miset = new MemberInfo [length1 + length2 - common.Count];

				left_set.Methods.CopyTo (miset, 0);

				int k = 0;
				
				for (int j = 0; j < right_set.Methods.Length; j++)
					if (!common.Contains (right_set.Methods [j]))
						miset [length1 + k++] = right_set.Methods [j];
				
				union = new MethodGroupExpr (miset);

				return union;

			} else if (mg1 == null && mg2 != null) {
				
				MethodGroupExpr me = (MethodGroupExpr) mg2; 
				
				miset = new MemberInfo [me.Methods.Length];
				me.Methods.CopyTo (miset, 0);

				union = new MethodGroupExpr (miset);
				
				return union;

			} else if (mg2 == null && mg1 != null) {
				
				MethodGroupExpr me = (MethodGroupExpr) mg1; 
				
				miset = new MemberInfo [me.Methods.Length];
				me.Methods.CopyTo (miset, 0);

				union = new MethodGroupExpr (miset);
				
				return union;
			}
			
			return null;
		}

		/// <summary>
		///  Determines is the candidate method, if a params method, is applicable
		///  in its expanded form to the given set of arguments
		/// </summary>
		static bool IsParamsMethodApplicable (ArrayList arguments, MethodBase candidate)
		{
			int arg_count;
			
			if (arguments == null)
				arg_count = 0;
			else
				arg_count = arguments.Count;
			
			ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (candidate);
			
			int pd_count = pd.Count;

			if (pd_count == 0)
				return false;
			
			if (pd.ParameterModifier (pd_count - 1) != Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
				return false;
			
			if (pd_count - 1 > arg_count)
				return false;

			//
			// If we have come this far, the case which remains is when the number of parameters
			// is less than or equal to the argument count. So, we now check if the element type
			// of the params array is compatible with each argument type
			//

			Type element_type = pd.ParameterType (pd_count - 1).GetElementType ();

			for (int i = pd_count - 1; i < arg_count - 1; i++) {
				Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
				
				if (!StandardConversionExists (a.Type, element_type))
					return false;
			}
			
			return true;
		}

		/// <summary>
		///  Determines if the candidate method is applicable (section 14.4.2.1)
		///  to the given set of arguments
		/// </summary>
		static bool IsApplicable (ArrayList arguments, MethodBase candidate)
		{
			int arg_count;

			if (arguments == null)
				arg_count = 0;
			else
				arg_count = arguments.Count;

			ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (candidate);

			int pd_count = pd.Count;

			if (arg_count != pd.Count)
				return false;

			for (int i = arg_count; i > 0; ) {
				i--;

				Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];

				Parameter.Modifier a_mod = a.GetParameterModifier ();
				Parameter.Modifier p_mod = pd.ParameterModifier (i);

				if (a_mod == p_mod) {
					
					if (a_mod == Parameter.Modifier.NONE)
						if (!StandardConversionExists (a.Type, pd.ParameterType (i)))
							return false;
					
					if (a_mod == Parameter.Modifier.REF ||
					    a_mod == Parameter.Modifier.OUT)
						if (pd.ParameterType (i) != a.Type)
							return false;
				} else
					return false;
			}

			return true;
		}
		
		

		/// <summary>
		///   Find the Applicable Function Members (7.4.2.1)
		///
		///   me: Method Group expression with the members to select.
		///       it might contain constructors or methods (or anything
		///       that maps to a method).
		///
		///   Arguments: ArrayList containing resolved Argument objects.
		///
		///   loc: The location if we want an error to be reported, or a Null
		///        location for "probing" purposes.
		///
		///   Returns: The MethodBase (either a ConstructorInfo or a MethodInfo)
		///            that is the best match of me on Arguments.
		///
		/// </summary>
		public static MethodBase OverloadResolve (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
							  ArrayList Arguments, Location loc)
		{
			ArrayList afm = new ArrayList ();
			int best_match_idx = -1;
			MethodBase method = null;
			int argument_count;
			ArrayList candidates = new ArrayList ();
			
			for (int i = me.Methods.Length; i > 0; ){
				i--;
				MethodBase candidate  = me.Methods [i];
				int x;

				// Check if candidate is applicable (section 14.4.2.1)
				if (!IsApplicable (Arguments, candidate))
					continue;

				candidates.Add (candidate);

				x = BetterFunction (ec, Arguments, candidate, method, false, loc);
				
				if (x == 0)
					continue;
				else {
					best_match_idx = i;
					method = me.Methods [best_match_idx];
				}
			}

			if (Arguments == null)
				argument_count = 0;
			else
				argument_count = Arguments.Count;
			
			//
			// Now we see if we can find params functions, applicable in their expanded form
			// since if they were applicable in their normal form, they would have been selected
			// above anyways
			//
			bool chose_params_expanded = false;
			
			if (best_match_idx == -1) {

				candidates = new ArrayList ();
				for (int i = me.Methods.Length; i > 0; ) {
					i--;
					MethodBase candidate = me.Methods [i];

					if (!IsParamsMethodApplicable (Arguments, candidate))
						continue;

					candidates.Add (candidate);

					int x = BetterFunction (ec, Arguments, candidate, method, true, loc);

					if (x == 0)
						continue;
					else {
						best_match_idx = i;
						method = me.Methods [best_match_idx];
						chose_params_expanded = true;
					}
				}
			}

			//
			// Now we see if we can at least find a method with the same number of arguments
			//
			ParameterData pd;
			int method_count = 0;

			if (best_match_idx == -1) {
				
				for (int i = me.Methods.Length; i > 0;) {
					i--;
					MethodBase mb = me.Methods [i];
					pd = GetParameterData (mb);
					
					if (pd.Count == argument_count) {
						best_match_idx = i;
						method = me.Methods [best_match_idx];
						method_count++;
					} else
						continue;
				}
			}

			if (method == null)
				return null;


			//
			// Now check that there are no ambiguities i.e the selected method
			// should be better than all the others
			//

 			for (int i = 0; i < candidates.Count; ++i) {
 				MethodBase candidate = (MethodBase) candidates [i];

 				if (candidate == method)
 					continue;

				//
				// If a normal method is applicable in the sense that it has the same
				// number of arguments, then the expanded params method is never applicable
				// so we debar the params method.
				//
				if (IsParamsMethodApplicable (Arguments, candidate) &&
				    IsApplicable (Arguments, method))
					continue;

				int x = BetterFunction (ec, Arguments, method, candidate,
							chose_params_expanded, loc);

				if (x != 1) {
					Console.WriteLine ("Candidate : " + FullMethodDesc (candidate));
					Console.WriteLine ("Best : " + FullMethodDesc (method));
 					Report.Error (
 						121, loc,
 						"Ambiguous call when selecting function due to implicit casts");
					return null;
 				}
			}
			
			// And now convert implicitly, each argument to the required type
			
			pd = GetParameterData (method);
			int pd_count = pd.Count;

			for (int j = 0; j < argument_count; j++) {
				Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [j];
				Expression a_expr = a.Expr;
				Type parameter_type = pd.ParameterType (j);

				if (pd.ParameterModifier (j) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS && chose_params_expanded)
					parameter_type = parameter_type.GetElementType ();

				if (a.Type != parameter_type){
					Expression conv;
					
					conv = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, a_expr, parameter_type, Location.Null);

					if (conv == null) {
						if (!Location.IsNull (loc)) {
							Error (1502, loc,
							       "The best overloaded match for method '" +
							       FullMethodDesc (method) +
							       "' has some invalid arguments");
							Error (1503, loc,
							 "Argument " + (j+1) +
							 ": Cannot convert from '" + Argument.FullDesc (a) 
							 + "' to '" + pd.ParameterDesc (j) + "'");
						}
						return null;
					}
					
					//
					// Update the argument with the implicit conversion
					//
					if (a_expr != conv)
						a.Expr = conv;

					// FIXME : For the case of params methods, we need to actually instantiate
					// an array and initialize it with the argument values etc etc.

				}
				
				if (a.GetParameterModifier () != pd.ParameterModifier (j) &&
				    pd.ParameterModifier (pd_count - 1) != Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS) {
					if (!Location.IsNull (loc)) {
						Error (1502, loc,
						       "The best overloaded match for method '" + FullMethodDesc (method)+
						       "' has some invalid arguments");
						Error (1503, loc,
						       "Argument " + (j+1) +
						       ": Cannot convert from '" + Argument.FullDesc (a) 
						       + "' to '" + pd.ParameterDesc (j) + "'");
					}
					return null;
				}
			}
			
			return method;
		}
		
		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			//
			// First, resolve the expression that is used to
			// trigger the invocation
			//
			if (expr is BaseAccess)
				is_base = true;

			expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
			if (expr == null)
				return null;

			if (!(expr is MethodGroupExpr)) {
				Type expr_type = expr.Type;

				if (expr_type != null){
					bool IsDelegate = TypeManager.IsDelegateType (expr_type);
					if (IsDelegate)
						return (new DelegateInvocation (
							this.expr, Arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
				}
			}

			if (!(expr is MethodGroupExpr)){
				report118 (loc, this.expr, "method group");
				return null;
			}

			//
			// Next, evaluate all the expressions in the argument list
			//
			if (Arguments != null){
				for (int i = Arguments.Count; i > 0;){
					--i;
					Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];

					if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
						return null;
				}
			}

			method = OverloadResolve (ec, (MethodGroupExpr) this.expr, Arguments, loc);

			if (method == null){
				Error (-6, loc,
				       "Could not find any applicable function for this argument list");
				return null;
			}

			if (method is MethodInfo)
				type = ((MethodInfo)method).ReturnType;

			eclass = ExprClass.Value;
			return this;
		}

		// <summary>
		//   Emits the list of arguments as an array
		// </summary>
		static void EmitParams (EmitContext ec, int idx, ArrayList arguments)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			int count = arguments.Count - idx;
			Argument a = (Argument) arguments [idx];
			Type t = a.expr.Type;
			string array_type = t.FullName + "[]";
			LocalBuilder array;
			
			array = ig.DeclareLocal (Type.GetType (array_type));
			IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, count);
			ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, t);
			ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, array);

			int top = arguments.Count;
			for (int j = idx; j < top; j++){
				a = (Argument) arguments [j];
				
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, array);
				IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, j - idx);
				a.Emit (ec);
				
				ArrayAccess.EmitStoreOpcode (ig, t);
			}
			ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, array);
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		///   Emits a list of resolved Arguments that are in the arguments
		///   ArrayList.
		/// 
		///   The MethodBase argument might be null if the
		///   emission of the arguments is known not to contain
		///   a `params' field (for example in constructors or other routines
		///   that keep their arguments in this structure
		/// </summary>
		public static void EmitArguments (EmitContext ec, MethodBase mb, ArrayList arguments)
		{
			ParameterData pd = null;
			int top;

			if (arguments != null)
				top = arguments.Count;
			else
				top = 0;

			if (mb != null)
				 pd = GetParameterData (mb);

			for (int i = 0; i < top; i++){
				Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];

				if (pd != null){
					if (pd.ParameterModifier (i) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
						EmitParams (ec, i, arguments);
						return;
					}
				}
					    
				a.Emit (ec);
			}
		}

		/// <remarks>
		///   is_base tells whether we want to force the use of the `call'
		///   opcode instead of using callvirt.  Call is required to call
		///   a specific method, while callvirt will always use the most
		///   recent method in the vtable.
		///
		///   is_static tells whether this is an invocation on a static method
		///
		///   instance_expr is an expression that represents the instance
		///   it must be non-null if is_static is false.
		///
		///   method is the method to invoke.
		///
		///   Arguments is the list of arguments to pass to the method or constructor.
		/// </remarks>
		public static void EmitCall (EmitContext ec, bool is_base,
					     bool is_static, Expression instance_expr,
					     MethodBase method, ArrayList Arguments)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			bool struct_call = false;
				
			if (!is_static){
				
				if (method.DeclaringType.IsValueType)
					struct_call = true;
				//
				// If this is ourselves, push "this"
				//
				if (instance_expr == null){
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
				} else {
					//
					// Push the instance expression
					//
					if (instance_expr.Type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.value_type)){
						//
						// Special case: calls to a function declared in a 
						// reference-type with a value-type argument need
						// to have their value boxed.  

						struct_call = true;
						if (method.DeclaringType.IsValueType){
							//
							// If the expression implements IMemoryLocation, then
							// we can optimize and use AddressOf on the
							// return.
							//
							// If not we have to use some temporary storage for
							// it.
							if (instance_expr is IMemoryLocation){
								((IMemoryLocation)instance_expr).
									AddressOf (ec);
							}
							else {
								Type t = instance_expr.Type;
								
								instance_expr.Emit (ec);
								LocalBuilder temp = ig.DeclareLocal (t);
								ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, temp);
								ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca, temp);
							}
						} else {
							instance_expr.Emit (ec);
							ig.Emit (OpCodes.Box, instance_expr.Type);
						} 
					} else
						instance_expr.Emit (ec);
				}
			}

			if (Arguments != null)
				EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments);

			if (method is MethodInfo){
				MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) method;

				if (!mi.IsVirtual)
					is_static = true;
			}
			
			if (is_static || struct_call || is_base){
				if (method is MethodInfo)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
				else
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
			} else {
				if (method is MethodInfo)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Callvirt, (MethodInfo) method);
				else
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Callvirt, (ConstructorInfo) method);
			}
		}
		
		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) this.expr;

			EmitCall (ec, is_base, method.IsStatic, mg.InstanceExpression, method, Arguments);
		}
		
		public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Emit (ec);

			// 
			// Pop the return value if there is one
			//
			if (method is MethodInfo){
				if (((MethodInfo)method).ReturnType != TypeManager.void_type)
					ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
			}
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///    Implements the new expression 
	/// </summary>
	public class New : ExpressionStatement {
		public readonly ArrayList Arguments;
		public readonly string    RequestedType;

		Location loc;
		MethodBase method = null;

		//
		// If set, the new expression is for a value_target, and
		// we will not leave anything on the stack.
		//
		Expression value_target;
		
		public New (string requested_type, ArrayList arguments, Location l)
		{
			RequestedType = requested_type;
			Arguments = arguments;
			loc = l;
		}

		public Expression ValueTypeVariable {
			get {
				return value_target;
			}

			set {
				value_target = value;
			}
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			type = RootContext.LookupType (ec.TypeContainer, RequestedType, false, loc);
			
			if (type == null)
				return null;
			
			bool IsDelegate = TypeManager.IsDelegateType (type);
			
			if (IsDelegate)
				return (new NewDelegate (type, Arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
			
			bool is_struct = false;
			is_struct = type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.value_type);
			eclass = ExprClass.Value;

			//
			// SRE returns a match for .ctor () on structs (the object constructor), 
			// so we have to manually ignore it.
			//
			if (is_struct && Arguments == null)
				return this;
			
			Expression ml;
			ml = MemberLookup (ec, type, ".ctor", MemberTypes.Constructor, AllBindingFlags, loc);
			
			if (! (ml is MethodGroupExpr)){
				if (!is_struct){
					report118 (loc, ml, "method group");
					return null;
				}
			}
			
			if (ml != null) {
				if (Arguments != null){
					for (int i = Arguments.Count; i > 0;){
						--i;
						Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
						
						if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
							return null;
					}
				}

				method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (ec, (MethodGroupExpr) ml,
								     Arguments, loc);
				
			}
			
			if (method == null && !is_struct) {
				Error (-6, loc,
				       "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
				       "this argument list");
				return null;
			}
			return this;
		}

		//
		// This DoEmit can be invoked in two contexts:
		//    * As a mechanism that will leave a value on the stack (new object)
		//    * As one that wont (init struct)
		//
		// You can control whether a value is required on the stack by passing
		// need_value_on_stack.  The code *might* leave a value on the stack
		// so it must be popped manually
		//
		// If we are dealing with a ValueType, we have a few
		// situations to deal with:
		//
		//    * The target is a ValueType, and we have been provided
		//      the instance (this is easy, we are being assigned).
		//
		//    * The target of New is being passed as an argument,
		//      to a boxing operation or a function that takes a
		//      ValueType.
		//
		//      In this case, we need to create a temporary variable
		//      that is the argument of New.
		//
		// Returns whether a value is left on the stack
		//
		bool DoEmit (EmitContext ec, bool need_value_on_stack)
		{
			bool is_value_type = type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.value_type);
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			
			if (is_value_type){
				IMemoryLocation ml;

				if (value_target == null)
					value_target = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);

				ml = (IMemoryLocation) value_target;
				ml.AddressOf (ec);
			}

			if (method != null)
				Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments);

			if (is_value_type){
				if (method == null)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
				else
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);

				if (need_value_on_stack){
					value_target.Emit (ec);
					return true;
				}
				return false;
			} else {
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (ConstructorInfo) method);
				return true;
			}
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			DoEmit (ec, true);
		}
		
		public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
		{
			if (DoEmit (ec, false))
				ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Represents an array creation expression.
	/// </summary>
	///
	/// <remarks>
	///   There are two possible scenarios here: one is an array creation
	///   expression that specifies the dimensions and optionally the
	///   initialization data and the other which does not need dimensions
	///   specified but where initialization data is mandatory.
	/// </remarks>
	public class ArrayCreation : ExpressionStatement {
		string RequestedType;
		string Rank;
		ArrayList Initializers;
		Location  loc;
		ArrayList Arguments;
		
		MethodBase method = null;
		Type array_element_type;
		bool IsOneDimensional = false;
		bool IsBuiltinType = false;
		bool ExpectInitializers = false;

		int dimensions = 0;
		Type underlying_type;

		ArrayList ArrayData;

		Hashtable Bounds;

		//
		// The number of array initializers that we can handle
		// via the InitializeArray method - through EmitStaticInitializers
		//
		int num_automatic_initializers;
		
		public ArrayCreation (string requested_type, ArrayList exprs,
				      string rank, ArrayList initializers, Location l)
		{
			RequestedType = requested_type;
			Rank          = rank;
			Initializers  = initializers;
			loc = l;

			Arguments = new ArrayList ();

			foreach (Expression e in exprs)
				Arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
		}

		public ArrayCreation (string requested_type, string rank, ArrayList initializers, Location l)
		{
			RequestedType = requested_type;
			Initializers = initializers;
			loc = l;

			Rank = rank.Substring (0, rank.LastIndexOf ("["));

			string tmp = rank.Substring (rank.LastIndexOf ("["));

			dimensions = tmp.Length - 1;
			ExpectInitializers = true;
		}

		public static string FormArrayType (string base_type, int idx_count, string rank)
		{
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder (base_type);

			sb.Append (rank);
			
			sb.Append ("[");
			for (int i = 1; i < idx_count; i++)
				sb.Append (",");
			
			sb.Append ("]");

			return sb.ToString ();
                }

		public static string FormElementType (string base_type, int idx_count, string rank)
		{
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder (base_type);
			
			sb.Append ("[");
			for (int i = 1; i < idx_count; i++)
				sb.Append (",");
			
			sb.Append ("]");
			
			sb.Append (rank);

			string val = sb.ToString ();

			return val.Substring (0, val.LastIndexOf ("["));
		}

		void error178 ()
		{
			Report.Error (178, loc, "Incorrectly structured array initializer");
		}
		
		public bool CheckIndices (EmitContext ec, ArrayList probe, int idx, bool specified_dims)
		{
			if (specified_dims) { 
				Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [idx];
				
				if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
					return false;
				
				if (!(a.Expr is Constant)) {
					Report.Error (150, loc, "A constant value is expected");
					return false;
				}
				
				int value = (int) ((Constant) a.Expr).GetValue ();
				
				if (value != probe.Count) {
					error178 ();
					return false;
				}
				
				Bounds [idx] = value;
			}
			
			foreach (object o in probe) {
				if (o is ArrayList) {
					bool ret = CheckIndices (ec, (ArrayList) o, idx + 1, specified_dims);
					if (!ret)
						return false;
				} else {
					Expression tmp = (Expression) o;
					tmp = tmp.Resolve (ec);
					if (tmp == null)
						continue;
					
					// Handle initialization from vars, fields etc.

					Expression conv = ConvertImplicitRequired (
						ec, tmp, underlying_type, loc);
					
					if (conv == null) 
						return false;

					if (conv is StringConstant)
						ArrayData.Add (conv);
					else if (conv is Constant) {
						ArrayData.Add (conv);
						num_automatic_initializers++;
					} else
						ArrayData.Add (conv);
				}
			}

			return true;
		}
		
		public void UpdateIndices (EmitContext ec)
		{
			int i = 0;
			for (ArrayList probe = Initializers; probe != null;) {
				if (probe.Count > 0 && probe [0] is ArrayList) {
					Expression e = new IntConstant (probe.Count);
					Arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));

					Bounds [i++] =  probe.Count;
					
					probe = (ArrayList) probe [0];
					
				} else {
					Expression e = new IntConstant (probe.Count);
					Arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));

					Bounds [i++] = probe.Count;
					probe = null;
				}
			}

		}
		
		public bool ValidateInitializers (EmitContext ec)
		{
			if (Initializers == null) {
				if (ExpectInitializers)
					return false;
				else
					return true;
			}
			
			underlying_type = RootContext.LookupType (
				ec.TypeContainer, RequestedType, false, loc);
			
			//
			// We use this to store all the date values in the order in which we
			// will need to store them in the byte blob later
			//
			ArrayData = new ArrayList ();
			Bounds = new Hashtable ();
			
			bool ret;

			if (Arguments != null) {
				ret = CheckIndices (ec, Initializers, 0, true);
				return ret;
				
			} else {
				Arguments = new ArrayList ();

				ret = CheckIndices (ec, Initializers, 0, false);
				
				if (!ret)
					return false;
				
				UpdateIndices (ec);
				
				if (Arguments.Count != dimensions) {
					error178 ();
					return false;
				}

				return ret;
			}
		}
		
		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			int arg_count;

			//
			// First step is to validate the initializers and fill
			// in any missing bits
			//
			if (!ValidateInitializers (ec))
				return null;

			if (Arguments == null)
				arg_count = 0;
			else {
				arg_count = Arguments.Count;
				for (int i = arg_count; i > 0;){
					--i;
					Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
					
					if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
						return null;
				}
			}
			
			string array_type = FormArrayType (RequestedType, arg_count, Rank);
			string element_type = FormElementType (RequestedType, arg_count, Rank);

			type = RootContext.LookupType (ec.TypeContainer, array_type, false, loc);
			
			array_element_type = RootContext.LookupType (
				ec.TypeContainer, element_type, false, loc);
			
			if (type == null)
				return null;
			
			if (arg_count == 1) {
				IsOneDimensional = true;
				eclass = ExprClass.Value;
				return this;
			}

			IsBuiltinType = TypeManager.IsBuiltinType (type);
			
			if (IsBuiltinType) {

				Expression ml;
				
				ml = MemberLookup (ec, type, ".ctor", MemberTypes.Constructor,
						   AllBindingFlags, loc);
				
				if (!(ml is MethodGroupExpr)){
					report118 (loc, ml, "method group");
					return null;
				}
				
				if (ml == null) {
					Report.Error (-6, loc, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
						      "this argument list");
					return null;
				}
				
				method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (ec, (MethodGroupExpr) ml, Arguments, loc);

				if (method == null) {
					Report.Error (-6, loc, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
						      "this argument list");
					return null;
				}
				
				eclass = ExprClass.Value;
				return this;
				
			} else {

				ModuleBuilder mb = RootContext.ModuleBuilder;

				ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
				if (Arguments != null){
					for (int i = arg_count; i > 0;){
						--i;
						Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
						
						args.Add (a.Type);
					}
				}
				
				Type [] arg_types = null;
				
				if (args.Count > 0)
					arg_types = new Type [args.Count];
				
				args.CopyTo (arg_types, 0);
				
				method = mb.GetArrayMethod (type, ".ctor", CallingConventions.HasThis, null,
							    arg_types);

				if (method == null) {
					Report.Error (-6, loc, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
						      "this argument list");
					return null;
				}
				
				eclass = ExprClass.Value;
				return this;
				
			}
		}

		public static byte [] MakeByteBlob (ArrayList ArrayData, Type underlying_type, Location loc)
		{
			int factor;
			byte [] data;

			int count = ArrayData.Count;

			if (underlying_type == TypeManager.int32_type ||
			    underlying_type == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
			    underlying_type == TypeManager.float_type)
			        factor = 4;
			else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.int64_type ||
				 underlying_type == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
				 underlying_type == TypeManager.double_type)
			        factor = 8;
			else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.byte_type ||
				 underlying_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
				 underlying_type == TypeManager.bool_type) 	
			        factor = 1;
			else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.short_type ||
				 underlying_type == TypeManager.char_type ||
				 underlying_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
				factor = 2;
			else
				return null;

			data = new byte [(count * factor + 4) & ~3];
			int idx = 0;
			
			for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
				object v = ArrayData [i];

				if (v is EnumConstant)
					v = ((EnumConstant) v).Child;
				
				if (v is Constant && !(v is StringConstant))
					v = ((Constant) v).GetValue ();
				else {
					idx += factor;
					continue;
				}
				
				if (underlying_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
					if (!(v is Expression)){
						long val = (long) v;
						
						for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
							data [idx + j] = (byte) (val & 0xFF);
							val = (val >> 8);
						}
					}
				} else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
					if (!(v is Expression)){
						ulong val = (ulong) v;

						for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
							data [idx + j] = (byte) (val & 0xFF);
							val = (val >> 8);
						}
					}
				} else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.float_type) {
#if __MonoCS__
#else
					unsafe {
						if (!(v is Expression)){
							float val = (float) v;

							byte *ptr = (byte *) &val;
							
							for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
								data [idx + j] = (byte) ptr [j];
						}
					}
#endif
				} else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.double_type) {
#if __MonoCS__
#else
					unsafe {
						if (!(v is Expression)){
							double val = (double) v;

							byte *ptr = (byte *) &val;
						
							for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
								data [idx + j] = (byte) ptr [j];
						}
					}
#endif
				} else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.char_type){

					if (!(v is Expression)){
						int val = (int) ((char) v);
						
						data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
						data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
					}
				} else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.short_type){
					if (!(v is Expression)){
						int val = (int) ((short) v);
					
						data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
						data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
					}
				} else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
					if (!(v is Expression)){
						int val = (int) ((ushort) v);
					
						data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
						data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
					}
				} else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
					if (!(v is Expression)){
						int val = (int) v;
					
						data [idx]   = (byte) (val & 0xff);
						data [idx+1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
						data [idx+2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
						data [idx+3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
					}
				} else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
					if (!(v is Expression)){
						uint val = (uint) v;
					
						data [idx]   = (byte) (val & 0xff);
						data [idx+1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
						data [idx+2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
						data [idx+3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
					}
				} else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
					if (!(v is Expression)){
						sbyte val = (sbyte) v;
						data [idx] = (byte) val;
					}
				} else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
					if (!(v is Expression)){
						byte val = (byte) v;
						data [idx] = (byte) val;
					}
				} else
					throw new Exception ("Unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob");

                                idx += factor;
			}

			return data;
		}

		//
		// Emits the initializers for the array
		//
		void EmitStaticInitializers (EmitContext ec, bool is_expression)
		{
			//
			// First, the static data
			//
			FieldBuilder fb;
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			
			byte [] data = MakeByteBlob (ArrayData, underlying_type, loc);
			
			if (data != null) {
				fb = RootContext.MakeStaticData (data);

				if (is_expression)
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, fb);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call,
					 TypeManager.void_initializearray_array_fieldhandle);
			}
		}
		
		//
		// Emits pieces of the array that can not be computed at compile
		// time (variables and string locations).
		//
		// This always expect the top value on the stack to be the array
		//
		void EmitDynamicInitializers (EmitContext ec, bool is_expression)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			int dims = Bounds.Count;
			int [] current_pos = new int [dims];
			int top = ArrayData.Count;
			LocalBuilder temp = ig.DeclareLocal (type);

			ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, temp);

			MethodInfo set = null;

			if (dims != 1){
				Type [] args;
				ModuleBuilder mb = null;
				mb = RootContext.ModuleBuilder;
				args = new Type [dims + 1];

				int j;
				for (j = 0; j < dims; j++)
					args [j] = TypeManager.int32_type;

				args [j] = array_element_type;
				
				set = mb.GetArrayMethod (
					type, "Set",
					CallingConventions.HasThis | CallingConventions.Standard,
					TypeManager.void_type, args);
			}
			
			for (int i = 0; i < top; i++){

				Expression e = null;

				if (ArrayData [i] is Expression)
					e = (Expression) ArrayData [i];

				if (e != null) {
					//
					// Basically we do this for string literals and
					// other non-literal expressions
					//
					if (e is StringConstant || !(e is Constant) || num_automatic_initializers <= 2) {

						ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, temp);

						for (int idx = dims; idx > 0; ) {
							idx--;
							IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, current_pos [idx]);
						}

						e.Emit (ec);
						
						if (dims == 1)
							ArrayAccess.EmitStoreOpcode (ig, array_element_type);
						else 
							ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, set);
						
					}
				}
				
				//
				// Advance counter
				//
				for (int j = 0; j < dims; j++){
					current_pos [j]++;
					if (current_pos [j] < (int) Bounds [j])
						break;
					current_pos [j] = 0;
				}
			}

			if (is_expression)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, temp);
		}

		void DoEmit (EmitContext ec, bool is_statement)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			
			if (IsOneDimensional) {
				Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, null, Arguments);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, array_element_type);
				
			} else {
				Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, null, Arguments);

				if (IsBuiltinType) 
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (ConstructorInfo) method);
				else 
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (MethodInfo) method);
			}
			
			if (Initializers != null){
				//
				// FIXME: Set this variable correctly.
				// 
				bool dynamic_initializers = true;

				if (underlying_type != TypeManager.string_type &&
				    underlying_type != TypeManager.object_type) {
					if (num_automatic_initializers > 2)
						EmitStaticInitializers (ec, dynamic_initializers || !is_statement);
				}
				
				if (dynamic_initializers)
					EmitDynamicInitializers (ec, !is_statement);
			}
		}
		
		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			DoEmit (ec, false);
		}

		public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
		{
			DoEmit (ec, true);
		}
		
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	///   Represents the `this' construct
	/// </summary>
	public class This : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation {
		Location loc;
		
		public This (Location loc)
		{
			this.loc = loc;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
			type = ec.TypeContainer.TypeBuilder;

			if (ec.IsStatic){
				Report.Error (26, loc,
					      "Keyword this not valid in static code");
				return null;
			}
			
			return this;
		}

		override public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
		{
			DoResolve (ec);
			
			if (ec.TypeContainer is Class){
				Report.Error (1604, loc, "Cannot assign to `this'");
				return null;
			}

			return this;
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
		}

		public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
		{
			source.Emit (ec);
			ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg, 0);
		}

		public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec)
		{
			ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);

			// FIMXE
			// FIGURE OUT WHY LDARG_S does not work
			//
			// consider: struct X { int val; int P { set { val = value; }}}
			//
			// Yes, this looks very bad. Look at `NOTAS' for
			// an explanation.
			// ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga_S, (byte) 0);
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Implements the typeof operator
	/// </summary>
	public class TypeOf : Expression {
		public readonly string QueriedType;
		Type typearg;
		Location loc;
		
		public TypeOf (string queried_type, Location l)
		{
			QueriedType = queried_type;
			loc = l;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			typearg = RootContext.LookupType (
				ec.TypeContainer, QueriedType, false, loc);

			if (typearg == null)
				return null;

			type = TypeManager.type_type;
			eclass = ExprClass.Type;
			return this;
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, typearg);
			ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, TypeManager.system_type_get_type_from_handle);
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Implements the sizeof expression
	/// </summary>
	public class SizeOf : Expression {
		public readonly string QueriedType;
		
		public SizeOf (string queried_type)
		{
			this.QueriedType = queried_type;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			// FIXME: Implement;
			throw new Exception ("Unimplemented");
			// return this;
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			throw new Exception ("Implement me");
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Implements the member access expression
	/// </summary>
	public class MemberAccess : Expression {
		public readonly string Identifier;
		Expression expr;
		Expression member_lookup;
		Location loc;
		
		public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string id, Location l)
		{
			this.expr = expr;
			Identifier = id;
			loc = l;
		}

		public Expression Expr {
			get {
				return expr;
			}
		}

		static void error176 (Location loc, string name)
		{
			Report.Error (176, loc, "Static member `" +
				      name + "' cannot be accessed " +
				      "with an instance reference, qualify with a " +
				      "type name instead");
		}

		static bool IdenticalNameAndTypeName (EmitContext ec, Expression left_original, Location loc)
		{
			if (left_original == null)
				return false;

			if (!(left_original is SimpleName))
				return false;

			SimpleName sn = (SimpleName) left_original;

			Type t = RootContext.LookupType (ec.TypeContainer, sn.Name, true, loc);
			if (t != null)
				return true;

			return false;
		}
		
		public static Expression ResolveMemberAccess (EmitContext ec, Expression member_lookup,
							      Expression left, Location loc,
							      Expression left_original)
		{
			//
			// Method Groups
			//
			if (member_lookup is MethodGroupExpr){
				MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) member_lookup;

				//
				// Type.MethodGroup
				//
				if (left is TypeExpr){
					if (!mg.RemoveInstanceMethods ()){
						SimpleName.Error120 (loc, mg.Methods [0].Name); 
						return null;
					}

					return member_lookup;
				}

				//
				// Instance.MethodGroup
				//
				if (!mg.RemoveStaticMethods ()){
					if (IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, left_original, loc)){
						if (!mg.RemoveInstanceMethods ()){
							SimpleName.Error120 (loc, mg.Methods [0].Name);
							return null;
						}
						return member_lookup;
					}
					
					error176 (loc, mg.Methods [0].Name);
					return null;
				}
				
				mg.InstanceExpression = left;
					
				return member_lookup;
			}

			if (member_lookup is FieldExpr){
				FieldExpr fe = (FieldExpr) member_lookup;
				FieldInfo fi = fe.FieldInfo;

				if (fi is FieldBuilder) {
					Const c = TypeManager.LookupConstant ((FieldBuilder) fi);
					
					if (c != null) {
						object o = c.LookupConstantValue (ec);
						object real_value = ((Constant) c.Expr).GetValue ();
						return Constantify (real_value, fi.FieldType);
					}
				}

				if (fi.IsLiteral) {
					Type t = fi.FieldType;
					Type decl_type = fi.DeclaringType;
					object o;

					if (fi is FieldBuilder)
						o = TypeManager.GetValue ((FieldBuilder) fi);
					else
						o = fi.GetValue (fi);
					
					if (decl_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)) {
						Expression enum_member = MemberLookup (
							ec, decl_type, "value__", loc); 

						Enum en = TypeManager.LookupEnum (decl_type);

						Constant c;
						if (en != null)
							c = Constantify (o, en.UnderlyingType);
						else 
							c = Constantify (o, enum_member.Type);
						
						return new EnumConstant (c, decl_type);
					}
					
					Expression exp = Constantify (o, t);

					if (!(left is TypeExpr)) {
						error176 (loc, fe.FieldInfo.Name);
						return null;
					}
					
					return exp;
				}
				
				if (left is TypeExpr){
					// and refers to a type name or an 
					if (!fe.FieldInfo.IsStatic){
						error176 (loc, fe.FieldInfo.Name);
						return null;
					}
					return member_lookup;
				} else {
					if (fe.FieldInfo.IsStatic){
						if (IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, left_original, loc))
							return member_lookup;

						error176 (loc, fe.FieldInfo.Name);
						return null;
					}
					fe.InstanceExpression = left;

					return fe;
				}
			}

			if (member_lookup is PropertyExpr){
				PropertyExpr pe = (PropertyExpr) member_lookup;

				if (left is TypeExpr){
					if (!pe.IsStatic){
						SimpleName.Error120 (loc, pe.PropertyInfo.Name);
						return null;
					}
					return pe;
				} else {
					if (pe.IsStatic){
						if (IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, left_original, loc))
							return member_lookup;
						error176 (loc, pe.PropertyInfo.Name);
						return null;
					}
					pe.InstanceExpression = left;
					
					return pe;
				}
			}

			if (member_lookup is EventExpr) {

				EventExpr ee = (EventExpr) member_lookup;
				
				//
				// If the event is local to this class, we transform ourselves into
				// a FieldExpr
				//

				Expression ml = MemberLookup (
					ec, ec.TypeContainer.TypeBuilder,
					ee.EventInfo.Name, MemberTypes.Event, AllBindingFlags, loc);

				if (ml != null) {
					MemberInfo mi = ec.TypeContainer.GetFieldFromEvent ((EventExpr) ml);

					if (mi == null) {
						//
						// If this happens, then we have an event with its own
						// accessors and private field etc so there's no need
						// to transform ourselves : we should instead flag an error
						//
						Assign.error70 (ee.EventInfo, loc);
						return null;
					}

					ml = ExprClassFromMemberInfo (ec, mi, loc);
					
					if (ml == null) {
						Report.Error (-200, loc, "Internal error!!");
						return null;
					}
					return ResolveMemberAccess (ec, ml, left, loc, left_original);
				}

				if (left is TypeExpr) {
					if (!ee.IsStatic) {
						SimpleName.Error120 (loc, ee.EventInfo.Name);
						return null;
					}

					return ee;

				} else {
					if (ee.IsStatic) {
						if (IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, left_original, loc))
							return ee;
						    
						error176 (loc, ee.EventInfo.Name);
						return null;
					}

					ee.InstanceExpression = left;

					return ee;
				}
			}

			if (member_lookup is TypeExpr){
				member_lookup.Resolve (ec);
				return member_lookup;
			}
			
			Console.WriteLine ("Left is: " + left);
			Report.Error (-100, loc, "Support for [" + member_lookup + "] is not present yet");
			Environment.Exit (0);
			return null;
		}
		
		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			//
			// We are the sole users of ResolveWithSimpleName (ie, the only
			// ones that can cope with it
			//
			Expression original = expr;
			expr = expr.ResolveWithSimpleName (ec);

			if (expr == null)
				return null;

			if (expr is SimpleName){
				SimpleName child_expr = (SimpleName) expr;
				
				expr = new SimpleName (child_expr.Name + "." + Identifier, loc);

				return expr.ResolveWithSimpleName (ec);
			}
					
			//
			// Handle enums here when they are in transit.
			// Note that we cannot afford to hit MemberLookup in this case because
			// it will fail to find any members at all
			//

			Type expr_type = expr.Type;
			if ((expr is TypeExpr) && (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type))){
				
				Enum en = TypeManager.LookupEnum (expr_type);
				
				if (en != null) {
					object value = en.LookupEnumValue (ec, Identifier, loc);

					if (value != null){
						Constant c = Constantify (value, en.UnderlyingType);
						return new EnumConstant (c, expr_type);
					}
				}
			}

			member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type, Identifier, loc);

			if (member_lookup == null)
				return null;

			return ResolveMemberAccess (ec, member_lookup, expr, loc, original);
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Implements checked expressions
	/// </summary>
	public class CheckedExpr : Expression {

		public Expression Expr;

		public CheckedExpr (Expression e)
		{
			Expr = e;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);

			if (Expr == null)
				return null;

			eclass = Expr.eclass;
			type = Expr.Type;
			return this;
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
			
			ec.CheckState = true;
			Expr.Emit (ec);
			ec.CheckState = last_check;
		}
		
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Implements the unchecked expression
	/// </summary>
	public class UnCheckedExpr : Expression {

		public Expression Expr;

		public UnCheckedExpr (Expression e)
		{
			Expr = e;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);

			if (Expr == null)
				return null;

			eclass = Expr.eclass;
			type = Expr.Type;
			return this;
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
			
			ec.CheckState = false;
			Expr.Emit (ec);
			ec.CheckState = last_check;
		}
		
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   An Element Access expression.
	///
	///   During semantic analysis these are transformed into 
	///   IndexerAccess or ArrayAccess 
	/// </summary>
	public class ElementAccess : Expression {
		public ArrayList  Arguments;
		public Expression Expr;
		public Location   loc;
		
		public ElementAccess (Expression e, ArrayList e_list, Location l)
		{
			Expr = e;

			loc  = l;
			
			if (e_list == null)
				return;
			
			Arguments = new ArrayList ();
			foreach (Expression tmp in e_list)
				Arguments.Add (new Argument (tmp, Argument.AType.Expression));
			
		}

		bool CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);

			if (Expr == null) 
				return false;

			if (Arguments == null)
				return false;

			for (int i = Arguments.Count; i > 0;){
				--i;
				Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
				
				if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
					return false;
			}

			return true;
		}
				
		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			if (!CommonResolve (ec))
				return null;

			//
			// We perform some simple tests, and then to "split" the emit and store
			// code we create an instance of a different class, and return that.
			//
			// I am experimenting with this pattern.
			//
			if (Expr.Type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.array_type))
				return (new ArrayAccess (this)).Resolve (ec);
			else
				return (new IndexerAccess (this)).Resolve (ec);
		}

		public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
		{
			if (!CommonResolve (ec))
				return null;

			if (Expr.Type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.array_type))
				return (new ArrayAccess (this)).ResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
			else
				return (new IndexerAccess (this)).ResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
		}
		
		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			throw new Exception ("Should never be reached");
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Implements array access 
	/// </summary>
	public class ArrayAccess : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation {
		//
		// Points to our "data" repository
		//
		ElementAccess ea;
		
		public ArrayAccess (ElementAccess ea_data)
		{
			ea = ea_data;
			eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			if (ea.Expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable) {
				report118 (ea.loc, ea.Expr, "variable");
				return null;
			}

			Type t = ea.Expr.Type;

			if (t.GetArrayRank () != ea.Arguments.Count){
				Report.Error (22, ea.loc,
					      "Incorrect number of indexes for array " +
					      " expected: " + t.GetArrayRank () + " got: " +
					      ea.Arguments.Count);
				return null;
			}
			type = t.GetElementType ();
			eclass = ExprClass.Variable;

			return this;
		}

		/// <summary>
		///    Emits the right opcode to load an object of Type `t'
		///    from an array of T
		/// </summary>
		static public void EmitLoadOpcode (ILGenerator ig, Type type)
		{
			if (type == TypeManager.byte_type || type == TypeManager.bool_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I1);
			else if (type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U1);
			else if (type == TypeManager.short_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I2);
			else if (type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U2);
			else if (type == TypeManager.int32_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I4);
			else if (type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U4);
			else if (type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I8);
			else if (type == TypeManager.int64_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I8);
			else if (type == TypeManager.float_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_R4);
			else if (type == TypeManager.double_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_R8);
			else if (type == TypeManager.intptr_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I);
			else if (type.IsValueType){
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, type);
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldobj, type);
			} else 
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_Ref);
		}

		/// <summary>
		///    Emits the right opcode to store an object of Type `t'
		///    from an array of T.  
		/// </summary>
		static public void EmitStoreOpcode (ILGenerator ig, Type t)
		{
			if (t == TypeManager.byte_type || t == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
			    t == TypeManager.bool_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_I1);
			else if (t == TypeManager.short_type || t == TypeManager.ushort_type || t == TypeManager.char_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_I2);
			else if (t == TypeManager.int32_type || t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_I4);
			else if (t == TypeManager.int64_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_I8);
			else if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_R4);
			else if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_R8);
			else if (t == TypeManager.intptr_type)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_I);
			else if (t.IsValueType)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, t);
			else
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stelem_Ref);
		}

		MethodInfo FetchGetMethod ()
		{
			ModuleBuilder mb = RootContext.ModuleBuilder;
			Type [] args = new Type [ea.Arguments.Count];
			MethodInfo get;
			
			int i = 0;
				
			foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments)
				args [i++] = a.Type;
			
			get = mb.GetArrayMethod (
				ea.Expr.Type, "Get",
				CallingConventions.HasThis |
				CallingConventions.Standard,
				type, args);
			return get;
		}
				

		MethodInfo FetchAddressMethod ()
		{
			ModuleBuilder mb = RootContext.ModuleBuilder;
			Type [] args = new Type [ea.Arguments.Count];
			MethodInfo address;
			string ptr_type_name;
			Type ret_type;
			int i = 0;
			
			ptr_type_name = type.FullName + "&";
			ret_type = Type.GetType (ptr_type_name);
			
			//
			// It is a type defined by the source code we are compiling
			//
			if (ret_type == null){
				ret_type = mb.GetType (ptr_type_name);
			}
			
			foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments)
				args [i++] = a.Type;
			
			address = mb.GetArrayMethod (
				ea.Expr.Type, "Address",
				CallingConventions.HasThis |
				CallingConventions.Standard,
				ret_type, args);

			return address;
		}
		
		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;

			ea.Expr.Emit (ec);

			foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments)
				a.Expr.Emit (ec);

			if (rank == 1)
				EmitLoadOpcode (ig, type);
			else {
				MethodInfo method;
				
				method = FetchGetMethod ();
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method);
			}
		}

		public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
		{
			int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;

			ea.Expr.Emit (ec);

			foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments)
				a.Expr.Emit (ec);

			Type t = source.Type;

			//
			// The stobj opcode used by value types will need
			// an address on the stack, not really an array/array
			// pair
			//
			if (rank == 1){
				if (t.IsValueType && !TypeManager.IsBuiltinType (t))
					ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, t);
			}
			
			source.Emit (ec);

			if (rank == 1)
				EmitStoreOpcode (ig, t);
			else {
				ModuleBuilder mb = RootContext.ModuleBuilder;
				Type [] args = new Type [ea.Arguments.Count + 1];
				MethodInfo set;
				
				int i = 0;
				
				foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments)
					args [i++] = a.Type;

				args [i] = type;
				
				set = mb.GetArrayMethod (
					ea.Expr.Type, "Set",
					CallingConventions.HasThis |
					CallingConventions.Standard,
					TypeManager.void_type, args);
				
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, set);
			}
		}

		public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec)
		{
			int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
			
			ea.Expr.Emit (ec);

			foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments)
				a.Expr.Emit (ec);

			if (rank == 1){
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, type);
			} else {
				MethodInfo address = FetchAddressMethod ();
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, address);
			}
		}
	}

	
	class Indexers {
		public ArrayList getters, setters;
		static Hashtable map;

		static Indexers ()
		{
			map = new Hashtable ();
		}

		Indexers (MemberInfo [] mi)
		{
			foreach (PropertyInfo property in mi){
				MethodInfo get, set;
				
				get = property.GetGetMethod (true);
				if (get != null){
					if (getters == null)
						getters = new ArrayList ();

					getters.Add (get);
				}
				
				set = property.GetSetMethod (true);
				if (set != null){
					if (setters == null)
						setters = new ArrayList ();
					setters.Add (set);
				}
			}
		}
		
		static public Indexers GetIndexersForType (Type t, TypeManager tm, Location loc) 
		{
			Indexers ix = (Indexers) map [t];
			string p_name = TypeManager.IndexerPropertyName (t);
			
			if (ix != null)
				return ix;

			MemberInfo [] mi = tm.FindMembers (
				t, MemberTypes.Property,
				BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance,
				Type.FilterName, p_name);

			if (mi == null || mi.Length == 0){
				Report.Error (21, loc,
					      "Type `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (t) + "' does not have " +
					      "any indexers defined");
				return null;
			}
			
			ix = new Indexers (mi);
			map [t] = ix;

			return ix;
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   Expressions that represent an indexer call.
	/// </summary>
	public class IndexerAccess : Expression, IAssignMethod {
		//
		// Points to our "data" repository
		//
		ElementAccess ea;
		MethodInfo get, set;
		Indexers ilist;
		ArrayList set_arguments;
		
		public IndexerAccess (ElementAccess ea_data)
		{
			ea = ea_data;
			eclass = ExprClass.Value;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Type indexer_type = ea.Expr.Type;
			
			//
			// Step 1: Query for all `Item' *properties*.  Notice
			// that the actual methods are pointed from here.
			//
			// This is a group of properties, piles of them.  

			if (ilist == null)
				ilist = Indexers.GetIndexersForType (
					indexer_type, RootContext.TypeManager, ea.loc);


			//
			// Step 2: find the proper match
			//
			if (ilist != null && ilist.getters != null && ilist.getters.Count > 0)
				get = (MethodInfo) Invocation.OverloadResolve (
					ec, new MethodGroupExpr (ilist.getters), ea.Arguments, ea.loc);

			if (get == null){
				Report.Error (154, ea.loc,
					      "indexer can not be used in this context, because " +
					      "it lacks a `get' accessor");
				return null;
			}

			type = get.ReturnType;
			eclass = ExprClass.IndexerAccess;
			return this;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
		{
			Type indexer_type = ea.Expr.Type;
			Type right_type = right_side.Type;

			if (ilist == null)
				ilist = Indexers.GetIndexersForType (
					indexer_type, RootContext.TypeManager, ea.loc);

			if (ilist != null && ilist.setters != null && ilist.setters.Count > 0){
				set_arguments = (ArrayList) ea.Arguments.Clone ();
				set_arguments.Add (new Argument (right_side, Argument.AType.Expression));

				set = (MethodInfo) Invocation.OverloadResolve (
					ec, new MethodGroupExpr (ilist.setters), set_arguments, ea.loc);
			}
			
			if (set == null){
				Report.Error (200, ea.loc,
					      "indexer X.this [" + TypeManager.CSharpName (right_type) +
					      "] lacks a `set' accessor");
					return null;
			}

			type = TypeManager.void_type;
			eclass = ExprClass.IndexerAccess;
			return this;
		}
		
		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Invocation.EmitCall (ec, false, false, ea.Expr, get, ea.Arguments);
		}

		//
		// source is ignored, because we already have a copy of it from the
		// LValue resolution and we have already constructed a pre-cached
		// version of the arguments (ea.set_arguments);
		//
		public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
		{
			Invocation.EmitCall (ec, false, false, ea.Expr, set, set_arguments);
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   The base operator for method names
	/// </summary>
	public class BaseAccess : Expression {
		string member;
		Location loc;
		
		public BaseAccess (string member, Location l)
		{
			this.member = member;
			loc = l;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Expression member_lookup;
			Type current_type = ec.TypeContainer.TypeBuilder;
			Type base_type = current_type.BaseType;
			Expression e;

			if (ec.IsStatic){
				Report.Error (1511, loc,
					      "Keyword base is not allowed in static method");
				return null;
			}
			
			member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec, base_type, member, loc);
			if (member_lookup == null)
				return null;

			Expression left;
			
			if (ec.IsStatic)
				left = new TypeExpr (base_type);
			else
				left = ec.This;
			
			e = MemberAccess.ResolveMemberAccess (ec, member_lookup, left, loc, null);
			if (e is PropertyExpr){
				PropertyExpr pe = (PropertyExpr) e;

				pe.IsBase = true;
			}

			return e;
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			throw new Exception ("Should never be called"); 
		}
	}

	/// <summary>
	///   The base indexer operator
	/// </summary>
	public class BaseIndexerAccess : Expression {
		ArrayList Arguments;
		Location loc;
		
		public BaseIndexerAccess (ArrayList args, Location l)
		{
			Arguments = args;
			loc = l;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			Type current_type = ec.TypeContainer.TypeBuilder;
			Type base_type = current_type.BaseType;
			Expression member_lookup;

			if (ec.IsStatic){
				Report.Error (1511, loc,
					      "Keyword base is not allowed in static method");
				return null;
			}
			
			member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec, base_type, "get_Item", loc);
			if (member_lookup == null)
				return null;

			return MemberAccess.ResolveMemberAccess (ec, member_lookup, ec.This, loc, null);
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			throw new Exception ("Should never be called");
		}
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	///   This class exists solely to pass the Type around and to be a dummy
	///   that can be passed to the conversion functions (this is used by
	///   foreach implementation to typecast the object return value from
	///   get_Current into the proper type.  All code has been generated and
	///   we only care about the side effect conversions to be performed
	/// </summary>
	public class EmptyExpression : Expression {
		public EmptyExpression ()
		{
			type = TypeManager.object_type;
			eclass = ExprClass.Value;
		}

		public EmptyExpression (Type t)
		{
			type = t;
			eclass = ExprClass.Value;
		}
		
		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			return this;
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			// nothing, as we only exist to not do anything.
		}

		//
		// This is just because we might want to reuse this bad boy
		// instead of creating gazillions of EmptyExpressions.
		// (CanConvertImplicit uses it)
		//
		public void SetType (Type t)
		{
			type = t;
		}
	}

	public class UserCast : Expression {
		MethodBase method;
		Expression source;
		
		public UserCast (MethodInfo method, Expression source)
		{
			this.method = method;
			this.source = source;
			type = method.ReturnType;
			eclass = ExprClass.Value;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			//
			// We are born fully resolved
			//
			return this;
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;

			source.Emit (ec);
			
			if (method is MethodInfo)
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
			else
				ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);

		}

	}

	// <summary>
	//   This class is used to "construct" the type during a typecast
	//   operation.  Since the Type.GetType class in .NET can parse
	//   the type specification, we just use this to construct the type
	//   one bit at a time.
	// </summary>
	public class ComposedCast : Expression {
		Expression left;
		string dim;
		Location loc;
		
		public ComposedCast (Expression left, string dim, Location l)
		{
			this.left = left;
			this.dim = dim;
			loc = l;
		}

		public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
		{
			left = left.Resolve (ec);
			if (left == null)
				return null;

			if (left.eclass != ExprClass.Type){
				report118 (loc, left, "type");
				return null;
			}
			
			type = RootContext.LookupType (
				ec.TypeContainer, left.Type.FullName + dim, false, loc);
			if (type == null)
				return null;

			eclass = ExprClass.Type;
			return this;
		}

		public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
		{
			throw new Exception ("This should never be called");
		}
	}
}