//
// assembly:	System
// namespace:	System.Text.RegularExpressions
// file:	syntax.cs
//
// author:	Dan Lewis (dlewis@gmx.co.uk)
// 		(c) 2002

using System;
using System.Collections;

namespace System.Text.RegularExpressions.Syntax {
	// collection classes
	
	class ExpressionCollection : CollectionBase {
		public void Add (Expression e) {
			List.Add (e);
		}

		public Expression this[int i] {
			get { return (Expression)List[i]; }
			set { List[i] = value; }
		}

		protected override void OnValidate (object o) {
			// allow null elements
		}
	}

	// abstract classes
	
	abstract class Expression {
		public abstract void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse);
		public abstract void GetWidth (out int min, out int max);

		public int GetFixedWidth () {
			int min, max;
			GetWidth (out min, out max);

			if (min == max)
				return min;

			return -1;
		}

		public virtual AnchorInfo GetAnchorInfo () {
			return new AnchorInfo (this, GetFixedWidth ());
		}

		public virtual bool IsComplex () {
			return true;
		}
	}

	// composite expressions
	
	abstract class CompositeExpression : Expression {
		public CompositeExpression () {
			expressions = new ExpressionCollection ();
		}

		protected ExpressionCollection Expressions {
			get { return expressions; }
		}

		protected void GetWidth (out int min, out int max, int count) {
			min = Int32.MaxValue;
			max = 0;
			bool empty = true;

			for (int i = 0; i < count; ++ i) {
				Expression e = Expressions[i];
				if (e == null)
					continue;
			
				empty = false;
				int a, b;
				e.GetWidth (out a, out b);
				if (a < min) min = a;
				if (b > max) max = b;
			}

			if (empty)
				min = max = 0;
		}

		private ExpressionCollection expressions;
	}

	// groups
	
	class Group : CompositeExpression {
		public Group () {
		}

		public Expression Expression {
			get { return Expressions[0]; }
			set { Expressions[0] = value; }
		}

		public void AppendExpression (Expression e) {
			Expressions.Add (e);
		}

		public override void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse) {
			int count = Expressions.Count;
			for (int i = 0; i < count; ++ i) {
				Expression e;
				if (reverse)
					e = Expressions[count - i - 1];
				else
					e = Expressions[i];

				e.Compile (cmp, reverse);
			}
		}

		public override void GetWidth (out int min, out int max) {
			min = 0;
			max = 0;

			foreach (Expression e in Expressions) {
				int a, b;
				e.GetWidth (out a, out b);
				min += a;
				if (max == Int32.MaxValue || b == Int32.MaxValue)
					max = Int32.MaxValue;
				else
					max += b;
			}
		}

		public override AnchorInfo GetAnchorInfo () {
			int ptr;
			int width = GetFixedWidth ();

			ArrayList infos = new ArrayList ();
			IntervalCollection segments = new IntervalCollection ();

			// accumulate segments

			ptr = 0;
			foreach (Expression e in Expressions) {
				AnchorInfo info = e.GetAnchorInfo ();
				infos.Add (info);

				if (info.IsPosition)
					return new AnchorInfo (this, ptr + info.Offset, width, info.Position);

				if (info.IsSubstring)
					segments.Add (info.GetInterval (ptr));

				if (info.IsUnknownWidth)
					break;

				ptr += info.Width;
			}

			// normalize and find the longest segment

			segments.Normalize ();

			Interval longest = Interval.Empty;
			foreach (Interval segment in segments) {
				if (segment.Size > longest.Size)
					longest = segment;
			}

			// now chain the substrings that made this segment together

			if (!longest.IsEmpty) {
				string str = "";
				bool ignore = false;

				ptr = 0;
				foreach (AnchorInfo info in infos) {
					if (info.IsSubstring && longest.Contains (info.GetInterval (ptr))) {
						str += info.Substring;	// TODO mark subexpressions
						ignore |= info.IgnoreCase;
					}

					if (info.IsUnknownWidth)
						break;

					ptr += info.Width;
				}

				return new AnchorInfo (this, longest.low, width, str, ignore);
			}

			return new AnchorInfo (this, width);
		}

		public override bool IsComplex () {
			bool comp = false;
			foreach (Expression e in Expressions) {
				comp |= e.IsComplex ();
			}

			return comp | GetFixedWidth () <= 0;
		}
	}

	class RegularExpression : Group {
		public RegularExpression () {
			group_count = 0;
		}

		public int GroupCount {
			get { return group_count; }
			set { group_count = value; }
		}

		public override void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse) {
			// info block

			int min, max;
			GetWidth (out min, out max);
			cmp.EmitInfo (group_count, min, max);

			// anchoring expression

			AnchorInfo info = GetAnchorInfo ();
			if (reverse)
				info = new AnchorInfo (this, GetFixedWidth ());	// FIXME

			LinkRef pattern = cmp.NewLink ();
			cmp.EmitAnchor (info.Offset, pattern);

			if (info.IsPosition)
				cmp.EmitPosition (info.Position);
			else if (info.IsSubstring)
				cmp.EmitString (info.Substring, info.IgnoreCase, reverse);
			
			cmp.EmitTrue ();
			
			// pattern

			cmp.ResolveLink (pattern);
			base.Compile (cmp, reverse);
			cmp.EmitTrue ();
		}

		private int group_count;
	}

	class CapturingGroup : Group {
		public CapturingGroup () {
			this.gid = 0;
			this.name = null;
		}

		public int Number {
			get { return gid; }
			set { gid = value; }
		}

		public string Name {
			get { return name; }
			set { name = value; }
		}

		public bool IsNamed {
			get { return name != null; }
		}

		public override void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse) {
			cmp.EmitOpen (gid);
			base.Compile (cmp, reverse);
			cmp.EmitClose (gid);
		}

		public override bool IsComplex () {
			return true;
		}

		private int gid;
		private string name;
	}

	class BalancingGroup : CapturingGroup {
		public BalancingGroup () {
			this.balance = null;
		}

		public CapturingGroup Balance {
			get { return balance; }
			set { balance = value; }
		}

		public override void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse) {
			// can't invoke Group.Compile from here :(
			// so I'll just repeat the code
		
			int count = Expressions.Count;
			for (int i = 0; i < count; ++ i) {
				Expression e;
				if (reverse)
					e = Expressions[count - i - 1];
				else
					e = Expressions[i];

				e.Compile (cmp, reverse);
			}

			cmp.EmitBalance (this.Number, balance.Number);
		}

		private CapturingGroup balance;
	}

	class NonBacktrackingGroup : Group {
		public NonBacktrackingGroup () {
		}

		public override void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse) {
			LinkRef tail = cmp.NewLink ();

			cmp.EmitSub (tail);
			base.Compile (cmp, reverse);
			cmp.EmitTrue ();
			cmp.ResolveLink (tail);
		}

		public override bool IsComplex () {
			return true;
		}
	}

	// repetition

	class Repetition : CompositeExpression {
		public Repetition (int min, int max, bool lazy) {
			Expressions.Add (null);
			
			this.min = min;
			this.max = max;
			this.lazy = lazy;
		}

		public Expression Expression {
			get { return Expressions[0]; }
			set { Expressions[0] = value; }
		}

		public int Minimum {
			get { return min; }
			set { min = value; }
		}

		public int Maximum {
			get { return max; }
			set { max = value; }
		}

		public bool Lazy {
			get { return lazy; }
			set { lazy = value; }
		}

		public override void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse) {
			if (Expression.IsComplex ()) {
				LinkRef until = cmp.NewLink ();
				
				cmp.EmitRepeat (min, max, lazy, until);
				Expression.Compile (cmp, reverse);
				cmp.EmitUntil (until);
			}
			else {
				LinkRef tail = cmp.NewLink ();

				cmp.EmitFastRepeat (min, max, lazy, tail);
				Expression.Compile (cmp, reverse);
				cmp.EmitTrue ();
				cmp.ResolveLink (tail);
			}
		}

		public override void GetWidth (out int min, out int max) {
			Expression.GetWidth (out min, out max);
			min = min * this.min;
			if (max == Int32.MaxValue || this.max == 0xffff)
				max = Int32.MaxValue;
			else
				max = max * this.max;
		}

		public override AnchorInfo GetAnchorInfo () {
			int width = GetFixedWidth ();
			if (Minimum == 0)
				return new AnchorInfo (this, width);
			
			AnchorInfo info = Expression.GetAnchorInfo ();
			if (info.IsPosition)
				return new AnchorInfo (this, info.Offset, width, info.Position);
			
			if (info.IsSubstring) {
				if (info.IsComplete) {
					string str = "";
					for (int i = 0; i < Minimum; ++ i)
						str += info.Substring;

					return new AnchorInfo (this, 0, width, str, info.IgnoreCase);
				}

				return new AnchorInfo (this, info.Offset, width, info.Substring, info.IgnoreCase);
			}

			return new AnchorInfo (this, width);
		}

		private int min, max;
		private bool lazy;
	}

	// assertions

	abstract class Assertion : CompositeExpression {
		public Assertion () {
			Expressions.Add (null);		// true expression
			Expressions.Add (null);		// false expression
		}

		public Expression TrueExpression {
			get { return Expressions[0]; }
			set { Expressions[0] = value; }
		}

		public Expression FalseExpression {
			get { return Expressions[1]; }
			set { Expressions[1] = value; }
		}

		public override void GetWidth (out int min, out int max) {
			GetWidth (out min, out max, 2);

			if (TrueExpression == null || FalseExpression == null)
				min = 0;
		}
	}

	class CaptureAssertion : Assertion {
		public CaptureAssertion () {
		}

		public CapturingGroup CapturingGroup {
			get { return group; }
			set { group = value; }
		}

		public override void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse) {
			int gid = group.Number;
			LinkRef tail = cmp.NewLink ();

			if (FalseExpression == null) {
				//    IfDefined :1
				//      <yes_exp>
				// 1: <tail>
			
				cmp.EmitIfDefined (gid, tail);
				TrueExpression.Compile (cmp, reverse);
			}
			else {
				//    IfDefined :1
				//      <yes_expr>
				//      Jump :2
				// 1:   <no_expr>
				// 2: <tail>
			
				LinkRef false_expr = cmp.NewLink ();
				cmp.EmitIfDefined (gid, false_expr);
				TrueExpression.Compile (cmp, reverse);
				cmp.EmitJump (tail);
				cmp.ResolveLink (false_expr);
				FalseExpression.Compile (cmp, reverse);
			}

			cmp.ResolveLink (tail);
		}

		public override bool IsComplex () {
			bool comp = false;
			if (TrueExpression != null)
				comp |= TrueExpression.IsComplex ();
			if (FalseExpression != null)
				comp |= FalseExpression.IsComplex ();

			return comp | GetFixedWidth () <= 0;
		}

		private CapturingGroup group;
	}

	class ExpressionAssertion : Assertion {
		public ExpressionAssertion () {
			Expressions.Add (null);		// test expression
		}

		public bool Reverse {
			get { return reverse; }
			set { reverse = value; }
		}

		public bool Negate {
			get { return negate; }
			set { negate = value; }
		}

		public Expression TestExpression {
			get { return Expressions[2]; }
			set { Expressions[2] = value; }
		}

		public override void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse) {
			LinkRef true_expr = cmp.NewLink ();
			LinkRef false_expr = cmp.NewLink ();

			// test op: positive / negative

			if (!negate)
				cmp.EmitTest (true_expr, false_expr);
			else
				cmp.EmitTest (false_expr, true_expr);
			
			// test expression: lookahead / lookbehind

			TestExpression.Compile (cmp, reverse ^ this.reverse);
			cmp.EmitTrue ();

			// target expressions

			if (TrueExpression == null) {			// (?= ...)
				//    Test :1, :2
				//      <test_expr>
				// :2   False
				// :1   <tail>
			
				cmp.ResolveLink (false_expr);
				cmp.EmitFalse ();
				cmp.ResolveLink (true_expr);
			}
			else {
				cmp.ResolveLink (true_expr);
				TrueExpression.Compile (cmp, reverse);
				
				if (FalseExpression == null) {		// (?(...) ...)
					//    Test :1, :2
					//      <test_expr>
					// :1   <yes_expr>
					// :2   <tail>

					cmp.ResolveLink (false_expr);
				}
				else {					// (?(...) ... | ...)
					//    Test :1, :2
					//      <test_expr>
					// :1   <yes_expr>
					//      Jump :3
					// :2   <no_expr>
					// :3   <tail>
				
					LinkRef tail = cmp.NewLink ();
				
					cmp.EmitJump (tail);
					cmp.ResolveLink (false_expr);
					FalseExpression.Compile (cmp, reverse);
					cmp.ResolveLink (tail);
				}
			}
		}

		private bool reverse, negate;
	}

	// alternation

	class Alternation : CompositeExpression {
		public Alternation () {
		}

		public ExpressionCollection Alternatives {
			get { return Expressions; }
		}

		public void AddAlternative (Expression e) {
			Alternatives.Add (e);
		}

		public override void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse) {
			LinkRef next = cmp.NewLink ();
			LinkRef tail = cmp.NewLink ();
		
			foreach (Expression e in Alternatives) {
				cmp.EmitBranch (next);
				e.Compile (cmp, reverse);
				cmp.EmitJump (tail);
				cmp.ResolveLink (next);
			}

			cmp.EmitFalse ();
			cmp.ResolveLink (tail);
		}

		public override void GetWidth (out int min, out int max) {
			GetWidth (out min, out max, Alternatives.Count);
		}

		public override bool IsComplex () {
			bool comp = false;
			foreach (Expression e in Alternatives) {
				comp |= e.IsComplex ();
			}

			return comp | GetFixedWidth () <= 0;
		}
	}

	// terminal expressions

	class Literal : Expression {
		public Literal (string str, bool ignore) {
			this.str = str;
			this.ignore = ignore;
		}

		public string String {
			get { return str; }
			set { str = value; }
		}

		public bool IgnoreCase {
			get { return ignore; }
			set { ignore = value; }
		}

		public override void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse) {
			if (str.Length == 0)
				return;

			if (str.Length == 1)
				cmp.EmitCharacter (str[0], false, ignore, reverse);
			else
				cmp.EmitString (str, ignore, reverse);
		}

		public override void GetWidth (out int min, out int max) {
			min = max = str.Length;
		}

		public override AnchorInfo GetAnchorInfo () {
			return new AnchorInfo (this, 0, str.Length, str, ignore);
		}

		public override bool IsComplex () {
			return false;
		}

		private string str;
		private bool ignore;
	}

	class PositionAssertion : Expression {
		public PositionAssertion (Position pos) {
			this.pos = pos;
		}

		public Position Position {
			get { return pos; }
			set { pos = value; }
		}

		public override void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse) {
			cmp.EmitPosition (pos);
		}

		public override void GetWidth (out int min, out int max) {
			min = max = 0;
		}

		public override bool IsComplex () {
			return false;
		}

		public override AnchorInfo GetAnchorInfo () {
			switch (pos) {
			case Position.StartOfString: case Position.StartOfLine: case Position.StartOfScan:
				return new AnchorInfo (this, 0, 0, pos);

			default:
				return new AnchorInfo (this, 0);
			}
		}

		private Position pos;
	}

	class Reference : Expression {
		public Reference (bool ignore) {
			this.ignore = ignore;
		}

		public CapturingGroup CapturingGroup {
			get { return group; }
			set { group = value; }
		}

		public bool IgnoreCase {
			get { return ignore; }
			set { ignore = value; }
		}

		public override void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse) {
			cmp.EmitReference (group.Number, ignore, reverse);
		}

		public override void GetWidth (out int min, out int max) {
			//group.GetWidth (out min, out max);
			// TODO set width to referenced group for non-cyclical references
			min = 0;
			max = Int32.MaxValue;
		}

		public override bool IsComplex () {
			return true;	// FIXME incorporate cyclic check
		}

		private CapturingGroup group;
		private bool ignore;
	}

	class CharacterClass : Expression {
		public CharacterClass (bool negate, bool ignore) {
			this.negate = negate;
			this.ignore = ignore;

			intervals = new IntervalCollection ();

			// initialize pos/neg category arrays

			Array cat_values = Enum.GetValues (typeof (Category));
			int cat_size = (int)(Category)cat_values.GetValue (cat_values.Length - 1) + 1;
			pos_cats = new bool[cat_size];
			neg_cats = new bool[cat_size];
			for (int i = 0; i < cat_size; ++ i) {
				pos_cats[i] = false;
				neg_cats[i] = false;
			}
		}

		public CharacterClass (Category cat, bool negate) : this (false, false) {
			this.AddCategory (cat, negate);
		}

		public bool Negate {
			get { return negate; }
			set { negate = value; }
		}

		public bool IgnoreCase {
			get { return ignore; }
			set { ignore = value; }
		}

		public void AddCategory (Category cat, bool negate) {
			int n = (int)cat;
			
			if (negate) {
				if (pos_cats[n])
					pos_cats[n] = false;

				neg_cats[n] = true;
			}
			else {
				if (neg_cats[n])
					neg_cats[n] = false;

				pos_cats[n] = true;
			}
		}

		public void AddCharacter (char c) {
			// TODO: this is certainly not the most efficient way of doing things 
 			// TODO: but at least it produces correct results. 
 			AddRange (c, c);
		}

		public void AddRange (char lo, char hi) {
			Interval new_interval = new Interval (lo, hi);
 
 			// ignore case is on. we must make sure our interval does not
 			// use upper case. if it does, we must normalize the upper case
 			// characters into lower case. 
 			if (ignore) {
 				if (upper_case_characters.Intersects (new_interval)) {
 					Interval partial_new_interval;
 
 					if (new_interval.low < upper_case_characters.low) {
 						partial_new_interval = new Interval (upper_case_characters.low + distance_between_upper_and_lower_case, 
 										     new_interval.high +  distance_between_upper_and_lower_case);
 						new_interval.high = upper_case_characters.low - 1;
 					}
 					else {
 						partial_new_interval = new Interval (new_interval.low + distance_between_upper_and_lower_case, 
 										     upper_case_characters.high + distance_between_upper_and_lower_case);
 						new_interval.low = upper_case_characters.high + 1;
 					}
 					intervals.Add (partial_new_interval);
 				}
 				else if (upper_case_characters.Contains (new_interval)) {
 					new_interval.high += distance_between_upper_and_lower_case;
 					new_interval.low += distance_between_upper_and_lower_case;
 				}
 			}
 			intervals.Add (new_interval);
		}

		public override void Compile (ICompiler cmp, bool reverse) {
			// create the meta-collection

			IntervalCollection meta =
				intervals.GetMetaCollection (new IntervalCollection.CostDelegate (GetIntervalCost));

			// count ops
			
			int count = meta.Count;
			for (int i = 0; i < pos_cats.Length; ++ i) {
				if (pos_cats[i]) ++ count;
				if (neg_cats[i]) ++ count;
			}

			if (count == 0)
				return;

			// emit in op for |meta| > 1

			LinkRef tail = cmp.NewLink ();
			if (count > 1)
				cmp.EmitIn (tail);

			// emit categories

			for (int i = 0; i < pos_cats.Length; ++ i) {
				if (pos_cats[i])
					cmp.EmitCategory ((Category)i, negate, reverse);
				else if (neg_cats[i])
					cmp.EmitCategory ((Category)i, !negate, reverse);
			}

			// emit character/range/sets from meta-collection

			foreach (Interval a in meta) {
				if (a.IsDiscontiguous) {			// Set
					BitArray bits = new BitArray (a.Size);
					foreach (Interval b in intervals) {
						if (a.Contains (b)) {
							for (int i = b.low; i <= b.high; ++ i)
								bits[i - a.low] = true;
						}
					}

					cmp.EmitSet ((char)a.low, bits, negate, ignore, reverse);
				}
				else if (a.IsSingleton)				// Character
					cmp.EmitCharacter ((char)a.low, negate, ignore, reverse);
				else						// Range
					cmp.EmitRange ((char)a.low, (char)a.high, negate, ignore, reverse);
			}
			
			// finish up

			if (count > 1) {
				if (negate)
					cmp.EmitTrue ();
				else
					cmp.EmitFalse ();

				cmp.ResolveLink (tail);
			}
		}

		public override void GetWidth (out int min, out int max) {
			min = max = 1;
		}

		public override bool IsComplex () {
			return false;
		}

		// private

		private static double GetIntervalCost (Interval i) {
			// use op length as cost metric (=> optimize for space)
		
			if (i.IsDiscontiguous)
				return 3 + ((i.Size + 0xf) >> 4);		// Set
			else if (i.IsSingleton)
				return 2;					// Character
			else
				return 3;					// Range
		}

		private static Interval upper_case_characters = new Interval ((char)65, (char)90);
 		private const int distance_between_upper_and_lower_case = 32;
		private bool negate, ignore;
		private bool[] pos_cats, neg_cats;
		private IntervalCollection intervals;
	}

	class AnchorInfo {
		private Expression expr;

		private Position pos;
		private int offset;

		private string str;
		private int width;
		private bool ignore;

		public AnchorInfo (Expression expr, int width) {
			this.expr = expr;
			this.offset = 0;
			this.width = width;

			this.str = null;
			this.ignore = false;
			this.pos = Position.Any;
		}
		
		public AnchorInfo (Expression expr, int offset, int width, string str, bool ignore) {
			this.expr = expr;
			this.offset = offset;
			this.width = width;

			this.str = ignore ? str.ToLower () : str;

			this.ignore = ignore;
			this.pos = Position.Any;
		}

		public AnchorInfo (Expression expr, int offset, int width, Position pos) {
			this.expr = expr;
			this.offset = offset;
			this.width = width;

			this.pos = pos;

			this.str = null;
			this.ignore = false;
		}

		public Expression Expression {
			get { return expr; }
		}

		public int Offset {
			get { return offset; }
		}

		public int Width {
			get { return width; }
		}

		public int Length {
			get { return (str != null) ? str.Length : 0; }
		}

		public bool IsUnknownWidth {
			get { return width < 0; }
		}

		public bool IsComplete {
			get { return Length == Width; }
		}

		public string Substring {
			get { return str; }
		}

		public bool IgnoreCase {
			get { return ignore; }
		}

		public Position Position {
			get { return pos; }
		}

		public bool IsSubstring {
			get { return str != null; }
		}

		public bool IsPosition {
			get { return pos != Position.Any; }
		}

		public Interval GetInterval () {
			return GetInterval (0);
		}

		public Interval GetInterval (int start) {
			if (!IsSubstring)
				return Interval.Empty;

			return new Interval (start + Offset, start + Offset + Length - 1);
		}
	}
}