3 I have received many comments from people, and I have updated
4 the page accordingly. From removing incorrect statements, to
5 fixing typos, to include mentions to other software pieces.
7 I also corrected my statement about IIS and a trojan horse, I
8 should read a more educated press in the future. My apologies
9 to Microsoft and its employees on this particular topic. IIS
10 did not have a trojan horse built in.
12 * Microsoft Hailstorm and Passport
14 Microsoft Passport is a centralized database hosted by
15 Microsoft that enhances the consumer experience with the Web
16 by providing a single logon system that they can use across a
17 number of participant web sites.
19 As you might know by now from our extensive <a
20 href="faq.html">FAQ</a>, the Mono project has nothing to do
21 with Microsoft Hailstorm or <a
22 href="http://www.passport.com">Microsoft Passport.</a>
24 Still a lot of people have asked us our opinion on them.
28 Passport is important not because of it being a breakthrough
29 technologically speaking, but because the company is in a
30 position to drive most people toward being suscribers of it.
32 At the time of this writing passport is required to use the
33 free mail service <a href="http://www.hotmail.com">Hotmail</a>
34 to get customized support for the <a
35 href="http://www.msn.com">MSN portal</a>, <a
36 href="http://msdn.microsoft.com">Microsoft Developers
37 Network</a> and according to the original announcement from
38 Microsoft <a href="http://www.americanexpress.com">American
39 Express</a> and <a href="http://www.ebay.com">EBay</a> will be
43 href="http://www.passport.com/Directory/Default.asp?PPDir=C&lc=1033">Large
44 list</a> of participating sites.
46 There are many current users of it and Microsoft will be
47 driving more users towards Passport as it <a
48 href="http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1003-200-6343275.html">integrates
49 it</a> in their upcoming release of Windows.
52 href="http://www.passport.com/Business/JoinPassportNetwork.asp?lc=1033">developed
53 a toolkit</a> to enable current web merchants to integrate
54 their services with passport.
56 To the end user, there is a clear benefit: they only have to
57 log into a single network and not remember multiple passwords
58 across sites on the internet. Companies that adopt passport
59 will have a competition advantage over those that dont.
60 Microsoft lists a list of <a
61 href="http://www.passport.com/Business/Default.asp?lc=1033">benefits</a>
65 ** The problems of Passport
67 There are a number of concerns that different groups have over
68 Passport. Sometimes I have some, sometimes I do not. But
69 overall, consumers and businesses can have better solutions.
72 * <b>Single Point of Failure:</b> As more services and
73 components depend on remote servers, functionality can
74 grind to a halt if there is a failure on the
75 centralized Passport system.
77 Such a failure was predicted, and we recently <a
78 href="http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-6473003.html">witnessed</a>
79 got a lot of people worried.
81 The outgage lasted for seven days. Think what this
82 could do to your business.
84 * <b>Trust:</b> Not everyone trusts Microsoft to keep
85 their information confidential. Concerns are not only
86 at the corporate level policy, but also the fact that
87 the source code for Microsoft products is not
88 available, means that trojans or worms could be built
89 into the products by malicious engineers.
91 * <b>Security:</b> With a centralized system like
92 Passport, imagine the repercussions of a malicious
93 hacker gaining access to the Passport database.
94 Personal information and credit card information about
95 almost everyone using a computer could be stored there.
97 Hackers have already <a
98 href="http://slashdot.org/articles/00/10/27/1147248.shtml">broken
99 into Microsoft</a> in the past. And the company was
100 unable to figure out for how long their systems had
103 Security holes have been found in <a
104 href="http://slashdot.org/articles/00/04/14/0619206.shtml">IIS
105 in the past.</a> If all the world's data is stored on
106 a central location, when a single security hole is
107 detected, it would allow an intruder to install a
108 backdoor within seconds into the corporate network
109 without people ever noticing.
113 Microsoft might or might not realize this. The idea behind
114 Passport is indeed a good one (I can start to get rid of my
115 file that keeps track of the 30 logins and passwords or so
116 that I use across the various services on the net myself).
118 ** Alternatives to Microsoft Passport
120 An alternative to Microsoft Passport needs to take the above
121 problems into consideration. Any solution of the form `We
122 will just have a competing offering' will not work.
124 The system thus has to be:
127 * <b>Distributed:</b> The entire authentication
128 system should not create an internet `blackout' in the
131 A distributed system using different software
132 platforms and different vendors would be more
133 resistent to an attack, as holes in a particular
134 implementation of the server software would not affect
135 every person at the same time.
137 A security hole attack might not even be relevant to
138 other software vendors software.
140 * <b>Allow for multiple registrars:</b> Users should
141 be able to choose a registrar (their banks, local
142 phone company, service provider, Swiss bank, or any
143 other entity they trust.
145 * <b>Mandate good security measures:</b> As a
146 principle, only Open Source software should be used
147 for servers in the registrar, and they should conform
148 to a standard set of tools and software that can be
149 examined by third parties.
152 An implementation of this protocol could use the DNS or a
153 DNS-like setup to distribute the information of users with the
154 possibility of replicating and caching public information
157 For instant messaging (another piece of the Hailstorm bit),
158 you want to use a non-centralized system like Sun's <a
159 href="http://www.jxta.org">JXTA</a>. Some people mailed me to
160 mention Jabber as a messaging platform and other people
161 pointed out to the <a
162 href="http://java.sun.com/products/jms/">Java Message
163 Service</a>. The JMS does support a number of very
164 interesting features that are worth researching.
166 It could also just use the user e-mail address as the `key' to
167 choose the registrar (msn.com, hotmail.com -> passport.com;
168 aol.com -> aol.passport.com; you get the idea).
171 href="http://www.soapware.org/xmlStorageSystem">xmlStorage</a>
172 idea from <a href="http://www.scripting.com">Dave Winer</a>
173 could be used to store the information.
175 A toolkit for various popular web servers could be provided,
176 authenticated and should be open sourced (for those of you who
177 think that a binary program would give more security and would
178 prevent people from tampering: you are wrong. You can always
179 use a proxy system that "behaves" like the binary, and passes
180 information back and forth from the real program, and snoops
181 in-transit information).
183 Good cryptographers need to be involved in this problem to
184 figure out the details and the possible insecure pieces of a
187 ** Implementation: In short
189 To keep it short: <b>DNS, JXTA, xmlStorage.</b>
194 The implementation of such a system should be a pretty
195 straightforward task once security cryptographers have
196 designed such a beast.
198 The major problems are:
201 * <b>People might just not care:</b> In a poll to US
202 citizens a couple of decades ago, it was found that
203 most people did not care about the rights they were
204 given by the Bill of Rights, which lead to a number of
205 laws to be passed in the US that eliminated most of
206 the rights people had.
208 * <b>The industry will move way too slow:</b>
209 Microsoft's implementation is out in the open now: it
210 is being deployed, and soon it will be insinuated to
211 many, many users. The industry needs to get together
212 soon if they care about this issue.
214 By the time the industry reacts, it might be too
220 The .NET class libraries include a Passport class that
221 applications might use to authenticate with Passport. Since
222 we do not have information at this point on the exact protocol
223 of Passport, it is not even feasible to implement it.
225 If at some point the information is disclosed, it could be
228 If a competing system to Passport existed, we could probably
229 hide all the authentication information to use a number of
230 different passport-like systems.
232 If a user does not want to use Passport at all, he could
233 always turn it off (or completely remove the class from the
234 library). After all, this is free software.
236 Currently, we are too far from the point where this is a real
239 ** Passport and endangering Open Source.
241 A few people have said: `Mono will allow Passport to be
242 available for Linux and that is bad'. This is plain
245 Currently, you can obtain Passport for Linux from Microsoft
246 itself and deploy it today on your Web server. Mono does not
247 even enter the picture here. Go to passport.com and download
248 the toolkit and you will see with your own eyes that passport
249 is <B>already</b> available for Linux.
253 This is just a group of personal thoughts of mine that I have
254 placed here because I get asked this question a lot lately.
255 The views of this page are not a statement from my employer
258 This is not part of Mono. We are not trying to deal with this
261 Nat Friedman (Ximian's co-founder) has his own ideas on how a
262 competing system to Passport could be designed, but I will let
263 <a href="http://www.nat.org/gym">him</a> post his own story.
265 ** Other Alternatives
267 Some people have pointed out <a
268 href="http://www.xns.org">XNS</a>
270 Send comments to me: Miguel de Icaza (<a
271 href="mailto:miguel@ximian.com">miguel@ximian.com</a>)