1 /* global.h ********************************************************************
3 Copyright (c) 1997 A. Krall, R. Grafl, M. Gschwind, M. Probst
5 See file COPYRIGHT for information on usage and disclaimer of warranties
7 Contains global definitions which are used in the whole program, includes
8 some files and contains global used macros.
10 Authors: Reinhard Grafl EMAIL: cacao@complang.tuwien.ac.at
11 Andreas Krall (andi) EMAIL: cacao@complang.tuwien.ac.at
12 Changes: Mark Probst (schani) EMAIL: cacao@complang.tuwien.ac.at
13 Philipp Tomsich (phil) EMAIL: cacao@complang.tuwien.ac.at
15 Last Change: $Id: global.h 468 2003-10-04 17:15:31Z carolyn $
17 *******************************************************************************/
24 #define NEW_GC /* if enabled, includes the new gc. -- phil. */
26 #define STATISTICS /* if enabled collects program statistics */
29 * JIT_MARKER_SUPPORT is the define used to toggle Just-in-time generated
30 * marker functions on and off.
32 * SIZE_FROM_CLASSINFO toggles between the bitmap_based and the new method
33 * of determining the sizes of objects on the heap.
35 #undef JIT_MARKER_SUPPORT /* phil */
36 #define SIZE_FROM_CLASSINFO
38 /* standard includes **********************************************************/
45 #include "toolbox/memory.h"
46 #include "toolbox/chain.h"
47 #include "toolbox/list.h"
48 #include "toolbox/loging.h"
50 /* system dependent types *****************************************************/
55 /* additional data types ******************************************************/
57 typedef void *voidptr; /* generic pointer */
59 typedef int bool; /* boolean data type */
64 #define PRIMITIVETYPE_COUNT 9 /* number of primitive types */
66 typedef void (*functionptr) (); /* generic function pointer */
69 #define MAX_ALIGN 8 /* most generic alignment for JavaVM values */
71 /* shutdown function **********************************************************/
73 void cacao_shutdown(s4 status);
76 /* basic data types ***********************************************************/
78 #define TYPE_INT 0 /* the JavaVM types must numbered in the */
79 #define TYPE_LONG 1 /* same order as the ICMD_Ixxx to ICMD_Axxx */
80 #define TYPE_FLOAT 2 /* instructions (LOAD and STORE) */
81 #define TYPE_DOUBLE 3 /* integer, long, float, double, address */
82 #define TYPE_ADDRESS 4 /* all other types can be numbered arbitrarly */
87 /* Java class file constants **************************************************/
89 #define MAGIC 0xcafebabe
90 #define MINOR_VERSION 3
91 #define MAJOR_VERSION 45
93 #define CONSTANT_Class 7
94 #define CONSTANT_Fieldref 9
95 #define CONSTANT_Methodref 10
96 #define CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref 11
97 #define CONSTANT_String 8
98 #define CONSTANT_Integer 3
99 #define CONSTANT_Float 4
100 #define CONSTANT_Long 5
101 #define CONSTANT_Double 6
102 #define CONSTANT_NameAndType 12
103 #define CONSTANT_Utf8 1
105 #define CONSTANT_Arraydescriptor 13
106 #define CONSTANT_UNUSED 0
108 #define ACC_PUBLIC 0x0001
109 #define ACC_PRIVATE 0x0002
110 #define ACC_PROTECTED 0x0004
111 #define ACC_STATIC 0x0008
112 #define ACC_FINAL 0x0010
113 #define ACC_SYNCHRONIZED 0x0020
114 #define ACC_VOLATILE 0x0040
115 #define ACC_TRANSIENT 0x0080
116 #define ACC_NATIVE 0x0100
117 #define ACC_INTERFACE 0x0200
118 #define ACC_ABSTRACT 0x0400
121 /* resolve typedef cycles *****************************************************/
123 typedef struct utf utf;
124 typedef struct literalstring literalstring;
125 typedef struct java_objectheader java_objectheader;
126 typedef struct classinfo classinfo;
127 typedef struct vftbl vftbl;
128 typedef u1* methodptr;
129 typedef struct fieldinfo fieldinfo;
130 typedef struct methodinfo methodinfo;
133 /* constant pool entries *******************************************************
135 All constant pool entries need a data structure which contain the entrys
136 value. In some cases this structure exist already, in the remaining cases
137 this structure must be generated:
139 kind structure generated?
140 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
141 CONSTANT_Class classinfo no
142 CONSTANT_Fieldref constant_FMIref yes
143 CONSTANT_Methodref constant_FMIref yes
144 CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref constant_FMIref yes
145 CONSTANT_String unicode no
146 CONSTANT_Integer constant_integer yes
147 CONSTANT_Float constant_float yes
148 CONSTANT_Long constant_long yes
149 CONSTANT_Double constant_double yes
150 CONSTANT_NameAndType constant_nameandtype yes
151 CONSTANT_Utf8 unicode no
152 CONSTANT_Arraydescriptor constant_arraydescriptor yes
155 *******************************************************************************/
157 /* data structures for hashtables ********************************************
160 All utf-symbols, javastrings and classes are stored in global hashtables,
161 so every symbol exists only once. Equal symbols have identical pointers.
162 The functions for adding hashtable elements search the table for the
163 element with the specified name/text and return it on success. Otherwise a
164 new hashtable element is created.
166 The hashtables use external linking for handling collisions. The hashtable
167 structure contains a pointer <ptr> to the array of hashtable slots. The
168 number of hashtable slots and therefore the size of this array is specified
169 by the element <size> of hashtable structure. <entries> contains the number
170 of all hashtable elements stored in the table, including those in the
172 The hashtable element structures (utf, literalstring, classinfo) contain
173 both a pointer to the next hashtable element as a link for the external hash
174 chain and the key of the element. The key is computed from the text of
175 the string or the classname by using up to 8 characters.
177 If the number of entries in the hashtable exceeds twice the size of the
178 hashtableslot-array it is supposed that the average length of the
179 external chains has reached a value beyond 2. Therefore the functions for
180 adding hashtable elements (utf_new, class_new, literalstring_new) double
181 the hashtableslot-array. In this restructuring process all elements have
182 to be inserted into the new hashtable and new external chains must be built.
185 example for the layout of a hashtable:
187 hashtable.ptr--> +-------------------+
191 +-------------------+ +-------------------+ +-------------------+
192 | hashtable element |-->| hashtable element |-->| hashtable element |-->NULL
193 +-------------------+ +-------------------+ +-------------------+
194 | hashtable element |
195 +-------------------+ +-------------------+
196 | hashtable element |-->| hashtable element |-->NULL
197 +-------------------+ +-------------------+
198 | hashtable element |-->NULL
199 +-------------------+
203 +-------------------+
208 /* data structure for utf8 symbols ********************************************/
211 utf *hashlink; /* link for external hash chain */
212 int blength; /* text length in bytes */
213 char *text; /* pointer to text */
216 /* data structure of internal javastrings stored in global hashtable **********/
218 struct literalstring {
219 literalstring *hashlink; /* link for external hash chain */
220 java_objectheader *string;
223 /* data structure for accessing hashtables ************************************/
227 u4 entries; /* number of entries in the table */
228 void **ptr; /* pointer to hashtable */
231 /* data structures of remaining constant pool entries *************************/
233 typedef struct { /* Fieldref, Methodref and InterfaceMethodref */
234 classinfo *class; /* class containing this field/method/interface */
235 utf *name; /* field/method/interface name */
236 utf *descriptor; /* field/method/interface type descriptor string */
239 typedef struct { /* Integer */
243 typedef struct { /* Float */
247 typedef struct { /* Long */
251 typedef struct { /* Double */
255 typedef struct { /* NameAndType (Field or Method) */
256 utf *name; /* field/method name */
257 utf *descriptor; /* field/method type descriptor string */
258 } constant_nameandtype;
260 /* arraydescriptor describes array types. Basic array types contain their
261 type in the arraytype field, objectclass contains a class pointer for
262 arrays of objects (arraytype == ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT), elementdescriptor
263 contains a pointer to an arraydescriptor which describes the element
264 types in the case of arrays of arrays (arraytype == ARRAYTYPE_ARRAY).
267 typedef struct constant_arraydescriptor {
269 classinfo *objectclass;
270 struct constant_arraydescriptor *elementdescriptor;
271 } constant_arraydescriptor;
273 #include "jit/sets.h"
275 /* data structures of the runtime system **************************************/
277 /* objects *********************************************************************
279 All objects (and arrays) which resides on the heap need the following
280 header at the beginning of the data structure.
283 struct java_objectheader { /* header for all objects */
284 vftbl *vftbl; /* pointer to virtual function table */
289 /* arrays **********************************************************************
291 All arrays are objects (they need the object header with a pointer to a
292 vvftbl (array class table). There is only one class for all arrays. The
293 type of an array is stored directly in the array object. Following types
297 #define ARRAYTYPE_INT 0
298 #define ARRAYTYPE_LONG 1
299 #define ARRAYTYPE_FLOAT 2
300 #define ARRAYTYPE_DOUBLE 3
301 #define ARRAYTYPE_BYTE 4
302 #define ARRAYTYPE_CHAR 5
303 #define ARRAYTYPE_SHORT 6
304 #define ARRAYTYPE_BOOLEAN 7
305 #define ARRAYTYPE_OBJECT 8
306 #define ARRAYTYPE_ARRAY 9
308 typedef struct java_arrayheader { /* header for all arrays */
309 java_objectheader objheader; /* object header */
310 s4 size; /* array size */
311 #ifdef SIZE_FROM_CLASSINFO
312 s4 alignedsize; /* phil */
314 s4 arraytype; /* array type from previous list */
319 /* structs for all kinds of arrays ********************************************/
321 typedef struct java_chararray {
322 java_arrayheader header;
326 typedef struct java_floatheader {
327 java_arrayheader header;
331 typedef struct java_doublearray {
332 java_arrayheader header;
336 /* booleanarray and bytearray need identical memory layout (access methods
337 use the same machine code */
339 typedef struct java_booleanarray {
340 java_arrayheader header;
344 typedef struct java_bytearray {
345 java_arrayheader header;
349 typedef struct java_shortarray {
350 java_arrayheader header;
354 typedef struct java_intarray {
355 java_arrayheader header;
359 typedef struct java_longarray {
360 java_arrayheader header;
364 /* objectarray and arrayarray need identical memory layout (access methods
365 use the same machine code */
367 typedef struct java_objectarray {
368 java_arrayheader header;
369 classinfo *elementtype;
370 java_objectheader *data[1];
373 typedef struct java_arrayarray {
374 java_arrayheader header;
375 constant_arraydescriptor *elementdescriptor;
376 java_arrayheader *data[1];
380 /* structure for primitive classes ********************************************/
382 typedef struct primitivetypeinfo {
383 classinfo *class_wrap; /* class for wrapping primitive type */
384 classinfo *class_primitive; /* primitive class */
385 char *wrapname; /* name of class for wrapping */
386 char typesig; /* one character type signature */
387 char *name; /* name of primitive class */
390 /* field, method and class structures *****************************************/
392 /* fieldinfo ******************************************************************/
394 struct fieldinfo { /* field of a class */
395 s4 flags; /* ACC flags */
396 s4 type; /* basic data type */
397 utf *name; /* name of field */
398 utf *descriptor; /* JavaVM descriptor string of field */
400 s4 offset; /* offset from start of object (instance variables) */
402 union { /* storage for static values (class variables) */
411 s4 fieldUsed; /* initialized to NOTUSED; set to USED when type checked */
413 classinfo *fldClassType;
414 classSet *XTAclassSet; /* field class type set */
417 s4 VTAfieldUsed; /* -1=marked (might be used) 0=not used 1=used */
418 classSetNode *VTAclassSet; /* field class type set */
424 /* exceptiontable *************************************************************/
426 typedef struct xtable { /* exceptiontable entry in a method */
427 s4 startpc; /* start pc of guarded area (inclusive) */
428 struct basicblock *start;
430 s4 endpc; /* end pc of guarded area (exklusive) */
431 struct basicblock *end;
433 s4 handlerpc; /* pc of exception handler */
434 struct basicblock *handler;
436 classinfo *catchtype; /* catchtype of exception (NULL == catchall) */
437 struct xtable *next; /* used to build a list of exception when */
438 /* loops are copied */
439 struct xtable *down; /* instead of the old array, a list is used */
443 typedef struct exceptiontable { /* exceptiontable entry in a method */
444 s4 startpc; /* start pc of guarded area (inclusive) */
445 s4 endpc; /* end pc of guarded area (exklusive) */
446 s4 handlerpc; /* pc of exception handler */
447 classinfo *catchtype; /* catchtype of exception (NULL == catchall) */
451 /* methodinfo static info ****************************************************/
452 /*typedef struct rtainfo {
455 /* methodinfo *****************************************************************/
457 struct methodinfo { /* method structure */
458 s4 flags; /* ACC flags */
459 utf *name; /* name of method */
460 utf *descriptor; /* JavaVM descriptor string of method */
461 s4 returntype; /* only temporary valid, return type */
462 classinfo *returnclass; /* pointer to classinfo for the rtn type */ /*XTA*/
463 s4 paramcount; /* only temporary valid, parameter count */
464 u1 *paramtypes; /* only temporary valid, parameter types */
465 classinfo **paramclass; /* pointer to classinfo for a parameter */ /*XTA*/
467 classinfo *class; /* class, the method belongs to */
468 s4 vftblindex; /* index of method in virtual function table
469 (if it is a virtual method) */
470 s4 maxstack; /* maximum stack depth of method */
471 s4 maxlocals; /* maximum number of local variables */
472 s4 jcodelength; /* length of JavaVM code */
473 u1 *jcode; /* pointer to JavaVM code */
475 s4 exceptiontablelength;/* exceptiontable length */
476 exceptiontable *exceptiontable;
477 /* the exceptiontable */
479 u1 *stubroutine; /* stub for compiling or calling natives */
480 s4 mcodelength; /* legth of generated machine code */
481 u1 *mcode; /* pointer to machine code */
482 u1 *entrypoint; /* entry point in machine code */
487 s4 methodUsed; /* marked (might be used later) /not used /used */
488 s4 monoPoly; /* call is mono or poly or unknown */ /*RT stats */
489 /* should # method def'd and used be kept after static parse (will it be used?) */
494 s4 XTAmethodUsed; /* XTA if used in callgraph - not used /used */
495 classSet *XTAclassSet; /* method class type set */
496 classSet *PartClassSet; /* method class type set */
498 classSetNode *paramClassSet; /* cone set of methods parameters */
500 methSet *calls; /* methods this method calls */
501 methSet *calledBy; /* methods that call this method */
502 methSet *marked; /* methods that marked by this method */
504 fldSet *fldsUsed; /* fields used by this method */
505 bool chgdSinceLastParse; /* Changed since last parse ? */
507 s4 lastRoundParsed; /* Last round parsed */
508 methSetNode *interfaceCalls; /* methods this method calls as interface */
511 classSetNode *VTAclassSet; /* method class type set */
512 methSetNode *VTAcalls; /* methods this method calls */
513 classSetNode **VTAlocalSets; /*VTA*/
514 classSetNode **VTAstackType; /*VTA*/
519 /* innerclassinfo *************************************************************/
521 typedef struct innerclassinfo {
522 classinfo *inner_class; /* inner class pointer */
523 classinfo *outer_class; /* outer class pointer */
524 utf *name; /* innerclass name */
525 s4 flags; /* ACC flags */
528 /* classinfo ******************************************************************/
530 struct classinfo { /* class structure */
531 java_objectheader header; /* classes are also objects */
533 s4 flags; /* ACC flags */
534 utf *name; /* class name */
536 s4 cpcount; /* number of entries in constant pool */
537 u1 *cptags; /* constant pool tags */
538 voidptr *cpinfos; /* pointer to constant pool info structures */
540 classinfo *super; /* super class pointer */
541 classinfo *sub; /* sub class pointer */
542 classinfo *nextsub; /* pointer to next class in sub class list */
544 s4 interfacescount; /* number of interfaces */
545 classinfo **interfaces; /* pointer to interfaces */
547 s4 fieldscount; /* number of fields */
548 fieldinfo *fields; /* field table */
550 s4 methodscount; /* number of methods */
551 methodinfo *methods; /* method table */
553 listnode listnode; /* linkage */
555 bool initialized; /* true, if class already initialised */
556 bool linked; /* true, if class already linked */
557 s4 index; /* hierarchy depth (classes) or index
559 s4 instancesize; /* size of an instance of this class */
560 #ifdef SIZE_FROM_CLASSINFO
561 s4 alignedsize; /* size of an instance, aligned to the
562 allocation size on the heap */
565 vftbl *vftbl; /* pointer to virtual function table */
567 methodinfo *finalizer; /* finalizer method */
568 #ifdef JIT_MARKER_SUPPORT
572 u2 innerclasscount; /* number of inner classes */
573 innerclassinfo *innerclass;
575 classinfo *hashlink; /* link for external hash chain */
576 bool classvftbl; /* has its own copy of the Class vtbl */
578 s4 classUsed; /* 0= not used 1 = used CO-RT */
580 classSetNode *impldBy; /* implemented by class set */
584 /* virtual function table ******************************************************
586 The vtbl has a bidirectional layout with open ends at both sides.
587 interfacetablelength gives the number of entries of the interface table at
588 the start of the vftbl. The vftbl pointer points to &interfacetable[0].
589 vftbllength gives the number of entries of table at the end of the vftbl.
591 runtime type check (checkcast):
593 Different methods are used for runtime type check depending on the
594 argument of checkcast/instanceof.
596 A check against a class is implemented via relative numbering on the class
597 hierachy tree. The tree is numbered in a depth first traversal setting
598 the base field and the diff field. The diff field gets the result of
599 (high - base) so that a range check can be implemented by an unsigned
600 compare. A sub type test is done by checking the inclusion of base of
601 the sub class in the range of the superclass.
603 A check against an interface is implemented via the interfacevftbl. If the
604 interfacevftbl contains a nonnull value a class is a subclass of this
609 Like standard virtual methods interface methods are called using
610 virtual function tables. All interfaces are numbered sequentially
611 (starting with zero). For each class there exist an interface table
612 of virtual function tables for each implemented interface. The length
613 of the interface table is determined by the highest number of an
614 implemented interface.
616 The following example assumes a class which implements interface 0 and 3:
618 interfacetablelength = 4
621 +-----------+ | method 2 |---> method z
622 | class | | method 1 |---> method y
623 +-----------+ | method 0 |---> method x
624 | ivftbl 0 |----------> +----------+
625 vftblptr ---> +-----------+
626 | ivftbl -1 |--> NULL +----------+
627 | ivftbl -2 |--> NULL | method 1 |---> method x
628 | ivftbl -3 |-----+ | method 0 |---> method a
629 +-----------+ +----> +----------+
636 interfacevftbllength ---> +---------------+
638 *******************************************************************************/
641 methodptr *interfacetable[1]; /* interface table (access via macro) */
643 classinfo *class; /* class, the vtbl belongs to */
645 s4 vftbllength; /* virtual function table length */
646 s4 interfacetablelength; /* interface table length */
648 s4 baseval; /* base for runtime type check */
649 s4 diffval; /* high - base for runtime type check */
651 s4 *interfacevftbllength; /* length of interface vftbls */
653 methodptr table[1]; /* class vftbl */
656 #define VFTBLINTERFACETABLE(v,i) (v)->interfacetable[-i]
659 /* references to some system classes ******************************************/
661 extern classinfo *class_java_lang_Object;
662 extern classinfo *class_java_lang_String;
663 extern classinfo *class_java_lang_ClassCastException;
664 extern classinfo *class_java_lang_NullPointerException;
665 extern classinfo *class_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
666 extern classinfo *class_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException;
667 extern classinfo *class_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError;
668 extern classinfo *class_java_lang_ArithmeticException;
669 extern classinfo *class_java_lang_ArrayStoreException;
670 extern classinfo *class_java_lang_ThreadDeath;
671 extern classinfo *class_array;
673 /* instances of some system classes *******************************************/
675 extern java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ClassCastException;
676 extern java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_NullPointerException;
677 extern java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException;
678 extern java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException;
679 extern java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_OutOfMemoryError;
680 extern java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ArithmeticException;
681 extern java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ArrayStoreException;
682 extern java_objectheader *proto_java_lang_ThreadDeath;
685 /* flag variables *************************************************************/
687 extern bool compileall;
688 extern bool runverbose;
690 extern bool opt_rt; /* Rapid Type Analysis for better inlining CO-RT*/
691 extern bool opt_xta; /* X Type Analysis for better inlining CO-XTA*/
692 extern bool opt_vta; /* Variable Type Analysis for better inlining CO-VTA*/
694 extern int pClassHeir;
695 extern int pCallgraph;
699 extern void RT_jit_parse(methodinfo *m);
700 extern void printCallgraph ();
701 extern void printRThierarchyInfo(methodinfo *m);
702 extern void printObjectClassHeirarchy();
704 extern void XTA_jit_parse(methodinfo *m);
706 /* statistic variables ********************************************************/
708 extern int count_class_infos;
709 extern int count_const_pool_len;
710 extern int count_vftbl_len;
711 extern int count_utf_len;
712 extern int count_all_methods;
713 extern int count_vmcode_len;
714 extern int count_extable_len;
715 extern int count_class_loads;
716 extern int count_class_inits;
717 extern int count_utf_new;
718 extern int count_utf_new_found;
720 /* table of primitive types ***************************************************/
722 extern primitivetypeinfo primitivetype_table[PRIMITIVETYPE_COUNT];
728 * These are local overrides for various environment variables in Emacs.
729 * Please do not remove this and leave it at the end of the file, where
730 * Emacs will automagically detect them.
731 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------
734 * indent-tabs-mode: t