- Small step forward Linux boots and almost works...
[coreboot.git] / src / boot / elfboot.c
1 #include <console/console.h>
2 #include <part/fallback_boot.h>
3 #include <boot/elf.h>
4 #include <boot/elf_boot.h>
5 #include <boot/linuxbios_tables.h>
6 #include <ip_checksum.h>
7 #include <stream/read_bytes.h>
8 #include <stdint.h>
9 #include <stdlib.h>
10 #include <string.h>
11
12 /* Maximum physical address we can use for the linuxBIOS bounce buffer.
13  */
14 #ifndef MAX_ADDR
15 #define MAX_ADDR -1UL
16 #endif
17
18 extern unsigned char _ram_seg;
19 extern unsigned char _eram_seg;
20
21 struct segment {
22         struct segment *next;
23         struct segment *prev;
24         struct segment *phdr_next;
25         struct segment *phdr_prev;
26         unsigned long s_addr;
27         unsigned long s_memsz;
28         unsigned long s_offset;
29         unsigned long s_filesz;
30 };
31
32 struct verify_callback {
33         struct verify_callback *next;
34         int (*callback)(struct verify_callback *vcb, 
35                 Elf_ehdr *ehdr, Elf_phdr *phdr, struct segment *head);
36         unsigned long desc_offset;
37         unsigned long desc_addr;
38 };
39
40 struct ip_checksum_vcb {
41         struct verify_callback data;
42         unsigned short ip_checksum;
43 };
44
45 int verify_ip_checksum(
46         struct verify_callback *vcb, 
47         Elf_ehdr *ehdr, Elf_phdr *phdr, struct segment *head)
48 {
49         struct ip_checksum_vcb *cb;
50         struct segment *ptr;
51         unsigned long bytes;
52         unsigned long checksum;
53         unsigned char buff[2], *n_desc;
54         cb = (struct ip_checksum_vcb *)vcb;
55         /* zero the checksum so it's value won't
56          * get in the way of verifying the checksum.
57          */
58         n_desc = 0;
59         if (vcb->desc_addr) {
60                 n_desc = (unsigned char *)(vcb->desc_addr);
61                 memcpy(buff, n_desc, 2);
62                 memset(n_desc, 0, 2);
63         }
64         bytes = 0;
65         checksum = compute_ip_checksum(ehdr, sizeof(*ehdr));
66         bytes += sizeof(*ehdr);
67         checksum = add_ip_checksums(bytes, checksum, 
68                 compute_ip_checksum(phdr, ehdr->e_phnum*sizeof(*phdr)));
69         bytes += ehdr->e_phnum*sizeof(*phdr);
70         for(ptr = head->phdr_next; ptr != head; ptr = ptr->phdr_next) {
71                 checksum = add_ip_checksums(bytes, checksum,
72                         compute_ip_checksum((void *)ptr->s_addr, ptr->s_memsz));
73                 bytes += ptr->s_memsz;
74         }
75         if (n_desc != 0) {
76                 memcpy(n_desc, buff, 2);
77         }
78         if (checksum != cb->ip_checksum) {
79                 printk_err("Image checksum: %04x != computed checksum: %04x\n",
80                         cb->ip_checksum, checksum);
81         }
82         return checksum == cb->ip_checksum;
83 }
84
85 /* The problem:  
86  * Static executables all want to share the same addresses
87  * in memory because only a few addresses are reliably present on
88  * a machine, and implementing general relocation is hard.
89  *
90  * The solution:
91  * - Allocate a buffer twice the size of the linuxBIOS image.
92  * - Anything that would overwrite linuxBIOS copy into the lower half of
93  *   the buffer. 
94  * - After loading an ELF image copy linuxBIOS to the upper half of the
95  *   buffer.
96  * - Then jump to the loaded image.
97  * 
98  * Benefits:
99  * - Nearly arbitrary standalone executables can be loaded.
100  * - LinuxBIOS is preserved, so it can be returned to.
101  * - The implementation is still relatively simple,
102  *   and much simpler then the general case implemented in kexec.
103  * 
104  */
105
106 static unsigned long get_bounce_buffer(struct lb_memory *mem)
107 {
108         unsigned long lb_size;
109         unsigned long mem_entries;
110         unsigned long buffer;
111         int i;
112         lb_size = (unsigned long)(&_eram_seg - &_ram_seg);
113         /* Double linuxBIOS size so I have somewhere to place a copy to return to */
114         lb_size = lb_size + lb_size;
115         mem_entries = (mem->size - sizeof(*mem))/sizeof(mem->map[0]);
116         buffer = 0;
117         for(i = 0; i < mem_entries; i++) {
118                 unsigned long mstart, mend;
119                 unsigned long msize;
120                 unsigned long tbuffer;
121                 if (mem->map[i].type != LB_MEM_RAM)
122                         continue;
123                 if (mem->map[i].start > MAX_ADDR)
124                         continue;
125                 if (mem->map[i].size < lb_size)
126                         continue;
127                 mstart = mem->map[i].start;
128                 msize = MAX_ADDR - mstart +1;
129                 if (msize > mem->map[i].size)
130                         msize = mem->map[i].size;
131                 mend = mstart + msize;
132                 tbuffer = mend - lb_size;
133                 if (tbuffer < buffer) 
134                         continue;
135                 buffer = tbuffer;
136         }
137         return buffer;
138 }
139
140
141 static struct verify_callback *process_elf_notes(
142         unsigned char *header, 
143         unsigned long offset, unsigned long length)
144 {
145         struct verify_callback *cb_chain;
146         unsigned char *note, *end;
147         char *program, *version;
148
149         cb_chain = 0;
150         note = header + offset;
151         end = note + length;
152         program = version = 0;
153         while(note < end) {
154                 Elf_Nhdr *hdr;
155                 unsigned char *n_name, *n_desc, *next;
156                 hdr = (Elf_Nhdr *)note;
157                 n_name = note + sizeof(*hdr);
158                 n_desc = n_name + ((hdr->n_namesz + 3) & ~3);
159                 next = n_desc + ((hdr->n_descsz + 3) & ~3);
160                 if (next > end) {
161                         break;
162                 }
163                 if ((hdr->n_namesz == sizeof(ELF_NOTE_BOOT)) && 
164                         (memcmp(n_name, ELF_NOTE_BOOT, sizeof(ELF_NOTE_BOOT)) == 0)) {
165                         switch(hdr->n_type) {
166                         case EIN_PROGRAM_NAME:
167                                 if (n_desc[hdr->n_descsz -1] == 0) {
168                                         program = n_desc;
169                                 }
170                                 break;
171                         case EIN_PROGRAM_VERSION:
172                                 if (n_desc[hdr->n_descsz -1] == 0) {
173                                         version = n_desc;
174                                 }
175                                 break;
176                         case EIN_PROGRAM_CHECKSUM:
177                         {
178                                 struct ip_checksum_vcb *cb;
179                                 cb = malloc(sizeof(*cb));
180                                 cb->ip_checksum = *((uint16_t *)n_desc);
181                                 cb->data.callback = verify_ip_checksum;
182                                 cb->data.next = cb_chain;
183                                 cb->data.desc_offset = n_desc - header;
184                                 cb_chain = &cb->data;
185                                 break;
186                         }
187                         }
188                 }
189                 printk_spew("n_type: %08x n_name(%d): %-*.*s n_desc(%d): %-*.*s\n", 
190                         hdr->n_type,
191                         hdr->n_namesz, hdr->n_namesz, hdr->n_namesz, n_name,
192                         hdr->n_descsz,hdr->n_descsz, hdr->n_descsz, n_desc);
193                 note = next;
194         }
195         if (program && version) {
196                 printk_info("Loading %s version: %s\n",
197                         program, version);
198         }
199         return cb_chain;
200 }
201
202 static int valid_area(struct lb_memory *mem, unsigned long buffer,
203         unsigned long start, unsigned long len)
204 {
205         /* Check through all of the memory segments and ensure
206          * the segment that was passed in is completely contained
207          * in RAM.
208          */
209         int i;
210         unsigned long end = start + len;
211         unsigned long mem_entries = (mem->size - sizeof(*mem))/sizeof(mem->map[0]);
212
213         /* See if I conflict with the bounce buffer */
214         if (end >= buffer) {
215                 return 0;
216         }
217
218         /* Walk through the table of valid memory ranges and see if I
219          * have a match.
220          */
221         for(i = 0; i < mem_entries; i++) {
222                 uint64_t mstart, mend;
223                 uint32_t mtype;
224                 mtype = mem->map[i].type;
225                 mstart = mem->map[i].start;
226                 mend = mstart + mem->map[i].size;
227                 if ((mtype == LB_MEM_RAM) && (start < mend) && (end > mstart)) {
228                         break;
229                 }
230         }
231         if (i == mem_entries) {
232                 printk_err("No matching ram area found for range:\n");
233                 printk_err("  [0x%016lx, 0x%016lx)\n", start, end);
234                 printk_err("Ram areas\n");
235                 for(i = 0; i < mem_entries; i++) {
236                         uint64_t mstart, mend;
237                         uint32_t mtype;
238                         mtype = mem->map[i].type;
239                         mstart = mem->map[i].start;
240                         mend = mstart + mem->map[i].size;
241                         printk_err("  [0x%016lx, 0x%016lx) %s\n",
242                                 (unsigned long)mstart, 
243                                 (unsigned long)mend, 
244                                 (mtype == LB_MEM_RAM)?"RAM":"Reserved");
245                         
246                 }
247                 return 0;
248         }
249         return 1;
250 }
251
252 static void relocate_segment(unsigned long buffer, struct segment *seg)
253 {
254         /* Modify all segments that want to load onto linuxBIOS
255          * to load onto the bounce buffer instead.
256          */
257         unsigned long lb_start = (unsigned long)&_ram_seg;
258         unsigned long lb_end = (unsigned long)&_eram_seg;
259         unsigned long start, middle, end;
260
261         printk_spew("lb: [0x%016lx, 0x%016lx)\n", 
262                 lb_start, lb_end);
263
264         start = seg->s_addr;
265         middle = start + seg->s_filesz;
266         end = start + seg->s_memsz;
267         /* I don't conflict with linuxBIOS so get out of here */
268         if ((end <= lb_start) || (start >= lb_end))
269                 return;
270
271         printk_spew("segment: [0x%016lx, 0x%016lx, 0x%016lx)\n", 
272                 start, middle, end);
273
274         /* Slice off a piece at the beginning
275          * that doesn't conflict with linuxBIOS.
276          */
277         if (start < lb_start) {
278                 struct segment *new;
279                 unsigned long len = lb_start - start;
280                 new = malloc(sizeof(*new));
281                 *new = *seg;
282                 new->s_memsz = len;
283                 seg->s_memsz -= len;
284                 seg->s_addr += len;
285                 seg->s_offset += len;
286                 if (seg->s_filesz > len) {
287                         new->s_filesz = len;
288                         seg->s_filesz -= len;
289                 } else {
290                         seg->s_filesz = 0;
291                 }
292
293                 /* Order by stream offset */
294                 new->next = seg;
295                 new->prev = seg->prev;
296                 seg->prev->next = new;
297                 seg->prev = new;
298                 /* Order by original program header order */
299                 new->phdr_next = seg;
300                 new->phdr_prev = seg->phdr_prev;
301                 seg->phdr_prev->phdr_next = new;
302                 seg->phdr_prev = new;
303
304                 /* compute the new value of start */
305                 start = seg->s_addr;
306                 
307                 printk_spew("   early: [0x%016lx, 0x%016lx, 0x%016lx)\n", 
308                         new->s_addr, 
309                         new->s_addr + new->s_filesz,
310                         new->s_addr + new->s_memsz);
311         }
312         
313         /* Slice off a piece at the end 
314          * that doesn't conflict with linuxBIOS 
315          */
316         if (end > lb_end) {
317                 unsigned long len = lb_end - start;
318                 struct segment *new;
319                 new = malloc(sizeof(*new));
320                 *new = *seg;
321                 seg->s_memsz = len;
322                 new->s_memsz -= len;
323                 new->s_addr += len;
324                 new->s_offset += len;
325                 if (seg->s_filesz > len) {
326                         seg->s_filesz = len;
327                         new->s_filesz -= len;
328                 } else {
329                         new->s_filesz = 0;
330                 }
331                 /* Order by stream offset */
332                 new->next = seg->next;
333                 new->prev = seg;
334                 seg->next->prev = new;
335                 seg->next = new;
336                 /* Order by original program header order */
337                 new->phdr_next = seg->phdr_next;
338                 new->phdr_prev = seg;
339                 seg->phdr_next->phdr_prev = new;
340                 seg->phdr_next = new;
341
342                 /* compute the new value of end */
343                 end = start + len;
344                 
345                 printk_spew("   late: [0x%016lx, 0x%016lx, 0x%016lx)\n", 
346                         new->s_addr, 
347                         new->s_addr + new->s_filesz,
348                         new->s_addr + new->s_memsz);
349                 
350         }
351         /* Now retarget this segment onto the bounce buffer */
352         seg->s_addr = buffer + (seg->s_addr - lb_start);
353
354         printk_spew(" bounce: [0x%016lx, 0x%016lx, 0x%016lx)\n", 
355                 seg->s_addr, 
356                 seg->s_addr + seg->s_filesz, 
357                 seg->s_addr + seg->s_memsz);
358 }
359
360
361 static int build_elf_segment_list(
362         struct segment *head, 
363         unsigned long bounce_buffer, struct lb_memory *mem,
364         Elf_phdr *phdr, int headers)
365 {
366         struct segment *ptr;
367         int i;
368         memset(head, 0, sizeof(*head));
369         head->next = head->prev = head;
370         for(i = 0; i < headers; i++) {
371                 struct segment *new;
372                 /* Ignore data that I don't need to handle */
373                 if (phdr[i].p_type != PT_LOAD) {
374                         printk_debug("Dropping non PT_LOAD segment\n");
375                         continue;
376                 }
377                 if (phdr[i].p_memsz == 0) {
378                         printk_debug("Dropping empty segment\n");
379                         continue;
380                 }
381                 new = malloc(sizeof(*new));
382                 new->s_addr = phdr[i].p_paddr;
383                 new->s_memsz = phdr[i].p_memsz;
384                 new->s_offset = phdr[i].p_offset;
385                 new->s_filesz = phdr[i].p_filesz;
386                 printk_debug("New segment addr 0x%lx size 0x%lx offset 0x%lx filesize 0x%lx\n",
387                         new->s_addr, new->s_memsz, new->s_offset, new->s_filesz);
388                 /* Clean up the values */
389                 if (new->s_filesz > new->s_memsz)  {
390                         new->s_filesz = new->s_memsz;
391                 }
392                 printk_debug("(cleaned up) New segment addr 0x%lx size 0x%lx offset 0x%lx filesize 0x%lx\n",
393                         new->s_addr, new->s_memsz, new->s_offset, new->s_filesz);
394                 for(ptr = head->next; ptr != head; ptr = ptr->next) {
395                         if (new->s_offset < ptr->s_offset)
396                                 break;
397                 }
398                 /* Order by stream offset */
399                 new->next = ptr;
400                 new->prev = ptr->prev;
401                 ptr->prev->next = new;
402                 ptr->prev = new;
403                 /* Order by original program header order */
404                 new->phdr_next = head;
405                 new->phdr_prev = head->phdr_prev;
406                 head->phdr_prev->phdr_next  = new;
407                 head->phdr_prev = new;
408
409                 /* Verify the memory addresses in the segment are valid */
410                 if (!valid_area(mem, bounce_buffer, new->s_addr, new->s_memsz)) 
411                         goto out;
412
413                 /* Modify the segment to load onto the bounce_buffer if necessary.
414                  */
415                 relocate_segment(bounce_buffer, new);
416         }
417         return 1;
418  out:
419         return 0;
420 }
421
422 static int load_elf_segments(
423         struct segment *head, unsigned char *header, unsigned long header_size)
424 {
425         unsigned long offset;
426         struct segment *ptr;
427         
428         offset = 0;
429         for(ptr = head->next; ptr != head; ptr = ptr->next) {
430                 unsigned long start_offset;
431                 unsigned long skip_bytes, read_bytes;
432                 unsigned char *dest, *middle, *end;
433                 byte_offset_t result;
434                 printk_debug("Loading Segment: addr: 0x%016lx memsz: 0x%016lx filesz: 0x%016lx\n",
435                         ptr->s_addr, ptr->s_memsz, ptr->s_filesz);
436                 
437                 /* Compute the boundaries of the segment */
438                 dest = (unsigned char *)(ptr->s_addr);
439                 end = dest + ptr->s_memsz;
440                 middle = dest + ptr->s_filesz;
441                 start_offset = ptr->s_offset;
442                 
443                 printk_spew("[ 0x%016lx, %016lx, 0x%016lx) <- %016lx\n",
444                         (unsigned long)dest,
445                         (unsigned long)middle,
446                         (unsigned long)end,
447                         (unsigned long)start_offset);
448                 
449                 /* Skip intial buffer unused bytes */
450                 if (offset < header_size) {
451                         if (start_offset < header_size) {
452                                 offset = start_offset;
453                         } else {
454                                 offset = header_size;
455                         }
456                 }
457                 
458                 /* Skip the unused bytes */
459                 skip_bytes = start_offset - offset;
460                 if (skip_bytes && 
461                         ((result = stream_skip(skip_bytes)) != skip_bytes)) {
462                         printk_err("ERROR: Skip of %ld bytes skiped %ld bytes\n",
463                                 skip_bytes, result);
464                         goto out;
465                 }
466                 offset = start_offset;
467                 
468                 /* Copy data from the initial buffer */
469                 if (offset < header_size) {
470                         size_t len;
471                         if ((ptr->s_filesz + start_offset) > header_size) {
472                                 len = header_size - start_offset;
473                         }
474                         else {
475                                 len = ptr->s_filesz;
476                         }
477                         memcpy(dest, &header[start_offset], len);
478                         dest += len;
479                 }
480                 
481                 /* Read the segment into memory */
482                 read_bytes = middle - dest;
483                 if (read_bytes && 
484                         ((result = stream_read(dest, read_bytes)) != read_bytes)) {
485                         printk_err("ERROR: Read of %ld bytes read %ld bytes...\n",
486                                 read_bytes, result);
487                         goto out;
488                 }
489                 offset += ptr->s_filesz;
490                 
491                 /* Zero the extra bytes between middle & end */
492                 if (middle < end) {
493                         printk_debug("Clearing Segment: addr: 0x%016lx memsz: 0x%016lx\n",
494                                 (unsigned long)middle, end - middle);
495                         
496                         /* Zero the extra bytes */
497                         memset(middle, 0, end - middle);
498                 }
499         }
500         return 1;
501  out:
502         return 0;
503 }
504
505 static int verify_loaded_image(
506         struct verify_callback *vcb,
507         Elf_ehdr *ehdr, Elf_phdr *phdr,
508         struct segment *head
509         )
510 {
511         struct segment *ptr;
512         int ok;
513         ok = 1;
514         for(; ok && vcb ; vcb = vcb->next) {
515                 /* Find where the note is loaded */
516                 /* The whole note must be loaded intact
517                  * so an address of 0 for the descriptor is impossible
518                  */
519                 vcb->desc_addr = 0; 
520                 for(ptr = head->next; ptr != head; ptr = ptr->next) {
521                         unsigned long desc_addr;
522                         desc_addr = ptr->s_addr + vcb->desc_offset - ptr->s_offset;
523                         if ((desc_addr >= ptr->s_addr) &&
524                                 (desc_addr < (ptr->s_addr + ptr->s_filesz))) {
525                                 vcb->desc_addr = desc_addr;
526                         }
527                 }
528                 ok = vcb->callback(vcb, ehdr, phdr, head);
529         }
530         return ok;
531 }
532
533 int elfload(struct lb_memory *mem,
534         unsigned char *header, unsigned long header_size)
535 {
536         Elf_ehdr *ehdr;
537         Elf_phdr *phdr;
538         void *entry;
539         struct segment head;
540         struct verify_callback *cb_chain;
541         unsigned long bounce_buffer;
542
543         /* Find a bounce buffer so I can load to linuxBIOS's current location */
544         bounce_buffer = get_bounce_buffer(mem);
545         if (!bounce_buffer) {
546                 printk_err("Could not find a bounce buffer...\n");
547                 goto out;
548         }
549
550         ehdr = (Elf_ehdr *)header;
551         entry = (void *)(ehdr->e_entry);
552         phdr = (Elf_phdr *)(&header[ehdr->e_phoff]);
553
554         /* Digest elf note information... */
555         cb_chain = 0;
556         if ((phdr[0].p_type == PT_NOTE) && 
557                 ((phdr[0].p_offset + phdr[0].p_filesz) < header_size)) {
558                 cb_chain = process_elf_notes(header,
559                         phdr[0].p_offset, phdr[0].p_filesz);
560         }
561
562         /* Preprocess the elf segments */
563         if (!build_elf_segment_list(&head, 
564                 bounce_buffer, mem, phdr, ehdr->e_phnum))
565                 goto out;
566
567         /* Load the segments */
568         if (!load_elf_segments(&head, header, header_size))
569                 goto out;
570
571         printk_spew("Loaded segments\n");
572         /* Verify the loaded image */
573         if (!verify_loaded_image(cb_chain, ehdr, phdr, &head)) 
574                 goto out;
575
576         printk_spew("verified segments\n");
577         /* Shutdown the stream device */
578         stream_fini();
579         
580         printk_spew("closed down stream\n");
581         /* Reset to booting from this image as late as possible */
582         boot_successful();
583
584         printk_debug("Jumping to boot code at 0x%x\n", entry);
585         post_code(0xfe);
586
587         /* Jump to kernel */
588         jmp_to_elf_entry(entry, bounce_buffer);
589         return 1;
590
591  out:
592         return 0;
593 }
594
595 int elfboot(struct lb_memory *mem)
596 {
597         Elf_ehdr *ehdr;
598         static unsigned char header[ELF_HEAD_SIZE];
599         int header_offset;
600         int i, result;
601
602         result = 0;
603         printk_info("\n");
604         printk_info("Welcome to %s, the open sourced starter.\n", BOOTLOADER);
605         printk_info("January 2002, Eric Biederman.\n");
606         printk_info("Version %s\n", BOOTLOADER_VERSION);
607         printk_info("\n");
608         post_code(0xf8);
609
610         if (stream_init() < 0) {
611                 printk_err("Could not initialize driver...\n");
612                 goto out;
613         }
614
615         /* Read in the initial ELF_HEAD_SIZE bytes */
616         if (stream_read(header, ELF_HEAD_SIZE) != ELF_HEAD_SIZE) {
617                 printk_err("Read failed...\n");
618                 goto out;
619         }
620         /* Scan for an elf header */
621         header_offset = -1;
622         for(i = 0; i < ELF_HEAD_SIZE - (sizeof(Elf_ehdr) + sizeof(Elf_phdr)); i+=16) {
623                 ehdr = (Elf_ehdr *)(&header[i]);
624                 if (memcmp(ehdr->e_ident, ELFMAG, 4) != 0) {
625                         printk_spew("NO header at %d\n", i);
626                         continue;
627                 }
628                 printk_debug("Found ELF candiate at offset %d\n", i);
629                 /* Sanity check the elf header */
630                 if ((ehdr->e_type == ET_EXEC) &&
631                         elf_check_arch(ehdr) &&
632                         (ehdr->e_ident[EI_VERSION] == EV_CURRENT) &&
633                         (ehdr->e_version == EV_CURRENT) &&
634                         (ehdr->e_ehsize == sizeof(Elf_ehdr)) &&
635                         (ehdr->e_phentsize = sizeof(Elf_phdr)) &&
636                         (ehdr->e_phoff < (ELF_HEAD_SIZE - i)) &&
637                         ((ehdr->e_phoff + (ehdr->e_phentsize * ehdr->e_phnum)) <= 
638                                 (ELF_HEAD_SIZE - i))) {
639                         header_offset = i;
640                         break;
641                 }
642                 ehdr = 0;
643         }
644         printk_spew("header_offset is %d\n", header_offset);
645         if (header_offset == -1) {
646                 goto out;
647         }
648
649         printk_spew("Try to load at offset 0x%x\n", header_offset);
650         result = elfload(mem, 
651                 header + header_offset , ELF_HEAD_SIZE - header_offset);
652  out:
653         if (!result) {
654                 /* Shutdown the stream device */
655                 stream_fini();
656
657                 printk_err("Cannot Load ELF Image\n");
658
659                 post_code(0xff);
660         }
661         return 0;
662
663 }