mcs/mcs/field.cs

   1 //
   2 // field.cs: All field handlers
   3 //
   4 // Authors: Miguel de Icaza (miguel@gnu.org)
   5 //          Martin Baulig (martin@ximian.com)
   6 //          Marek Safar (marek.safar@seznam.cz)
   7 //
   8 // Dual licensed under the terms of the MIT X11 or GNU GPL
   9 //
  10 // Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Ximian, Inc (http://www.ximian.com)
  11 // Copyright 2004-2008 Novell, Inc
  12 //
  13
  14 using System;
  15 using System.Collections.Generic;
  16 using System.Reflection;
  17 using System.Reflection.Emit;
  18 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
  19
  20 namespace Mono.CSharp
  21 {
  22         public class FieldDeclarator
  23         {
  24                 public FieldDeclarator (SimpleMemberName name, Expression initializer)
  25                 {
  26                         this.Name = name;
  27                         this.Initializer = initializer;
  28                 }
  29
  30                 #region Properties
  31
  32                 public SimpleMemberName Name { get; private set; }
  33                 public Expression Initializer { get; private set; }
  34
  35                 #endregion
  36         }
  37
  38         //
  39         // Abstract class for all fields
  40         //
  41         abstract public class FieldBase : MemberBase
  42         {
  43                 protected FieldBuilder FieldBuilder;
  44                 protected FieldSpec spec;
  45                 public Status status;
  46                 protected Expression initializer;
  47                 protected List<FieldDeclarator> declarators;
  48
  49                 [Flags]
  50                 public enum Status : byte {
  51                         HAS_OFFSET = 4          // Used by FieldMember.
  52                 }
  53
  54                 static readonly string[] attribute_targets = new string [] { "field" };
  55
  56                 protected FieldBase (DeclSpace parent, FullNamedExpression type, Modifiers mod,
  57                                      Modifiers allowed_mod, MemberName name, Attributes attrs)
  58                         : base (parent, null, type, mod, allowed_mod | Modifiers.ABSTRACT, Modifiers.PRIVATE,
  59                                 name, attrs)
  60                 {
  61                         if ((mod & Modifiers.ABSTRACT) != 0)
  62                                 Report.Error (681, Location, "The modifier 'abstract' is not valid on fields. Try using a property instead");
  63                 }
  64
  65                 #region Properties
  66
  67                 public override AttributeTargets AttributeTargets {
  68                         get {
  69                                 return AttributeTargets.Field;
  70                         }
  71                 }
  72
  73                 public Expression Initializer {
  74                         get {
  75                                 return initializer;
  76                         }
  77                         set {
  78                                 this.initializer = value;
  79                         }
  80                 }
  81
  82                 public FieldSpec Spec {
  83                         get {
  84                                 return spec;
  85                         }
  86                 }
  87
  88                 public override string[] ValidAttributeTargets  {
  89                         get {
  90                                 return attribute_targets;
  91                         }
  92                 }
  93
  94                 #endregion
  95
  96                 public void AddDeclarator (FieldDeclarator declarator)
  97                 {
  98                         if (declarators == null)
  99                                 declarators = new List<FieldDeclarator> (2);
 100
 101                         declarators.Add (declarator);
 102
 103                         // TODO: This will probably break
 104                         Parent.AddMember (this, declarator.Name.Value);
 105                 }
 106
 107                 public override void ApplyAttributeBuilder (Attribute a, MethodSpec ctor, byte[] cdata, PredefinedAttributes pa)
 108                 {
 109                         if (a.Type == pa.FieldOffset) {
 110                                 status |= Status.HAS_OFFSET;
 111
 112                                 if (!Parent.PartialContainer.HasExplicitLayout) {
 113                                         Report.Error (636, Location, "The FieldOffset attribute can only be placed on members of types marked with the StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)");
 114                                         return;
 115                                 }
 116
 117                                 if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.STATIC) != 0 || this is Const) {
 118                                         Report.Error (637, Location, "The FieldOffset attribute is not allowed on static or const fields");
 119                                         return;
 120                                 }
 121                         }
 122
 123                         if (a.Type == pa.FixedBuffer) {
 124                                 Report.Error (1716, Location, "Do not use 'System.Runtime.CompilerServices.FixedBuffer' attribute. Use the 'fixed' field modifier instead");
 125                                 return;
 126                         }
 127
 128 #if false
 129                         if (a.Type == pa.MarshalAs) {
 130                                 UnmanagedMarshal marshal = a.GetMarshal (this);
 131                                 if (marshal != null) {
 132                                         FieldBuilder.SetMarshal (marshal);
 133                                 }
 134                                 return;
 135                         }
 136 #endif
 137                         if ((a.HasSecurityAttribute)) {
 138                                 a.Error_InvalidSecurityParent ();
 139                                 return;
 140                         }
 141
 142                         if (a.Type == pa.Dynamic) {
 143                                 a.Error_MisusedDynamicAttribute ();
 144                                 return;
 145                         }
 146
 147                         FieldBuilder.SetCustomAttribute ((ConstructorInfo) ctor.GetMetaInfo (), cdata);
 148                 }
 149
 150                 public void SetCustomAttribute (MethodSpec ctor, byte[] data)
 151                 {
 152                         FieldBuilder.SetCustomAttribute ((ConstructorInfo) ctor.GetMetaInfo (), data);
 153                 }
 154
 155                 protected override bool CheckBase ()
 156                 {
 157                         if (!base.CheckBase ())
 158                                 return false;
 159
 160                         MemberSpec candidate;
 161                         var conflict_symbol = MemberCache.FindBaseMember (this, out candidate);
 162                         if (conflict_symbol == null)
 163                                 conflict_symbol = candidate;
 164
 165                         if (conflict_symbol == null) {
 166                                 if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.NEW) != 0) {
 167                                         Report.Warning (109, 4, Location, "The member `{0}' does not hide an inherited member. The new keyword is not required",
 168                                                 GetSignatureForError ());
 169                                 }
 170                         } else {
 171                                 if ((ModFlags & (Modifiers.NEW | Modifiers.OVERRIDE | Modifiers.BACKING_FIELD)) == 0) {
 172                                         Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (conflict_symbol);
 173                                         Report.Warning (108, 2, Location, "`{0}' hides inherited member `{1}'. Use the new keyword if hiding was intended",
 174                                                 GetSignatureForError (), conflict_symbol.GetSignatureForError ());
 175                                 }
 176
 177                                 if (conflict_symbol.IsAbstract) {
 178                                         Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (conflict_symbol);
 179                                         Report.Error (533, Location, "`{0}' hides inherited abstract member `{1}'",
 180                                                 GetSignatureForError (), conflict_symbol.GetSignatureForError ());
 181                                 }
 182                         }
 183
 184                         return true;
 185                 }
 186
 187                 public virtual Constant ConvertInitializer (ResolveContext rc, Constant expr)
 188                 {
 189                         return expr.ConvertImplicitly (rc, MemberType);
 190                 }
 191
 192                 protected override void DoMemberTypeDependentChecks ()
 193                 {
 194                         base.DoMemberTypeDependentChecks ();
 195
 196                         if (MemberType.IsGenericParameter)
 197                                 return;
 198
 199                         if (MemberType.IsStatic)
 200                                 Error_VariableOfStaticClass (Location, GetSignatureForError (), MemberType, Report);
 201
 202                         CheckBase ();
 203                         IsTypePermitted ();
 204                 }
 205
 206                 //
 207                 //   Represents header string for documentation comment.
 208                 //
 209                 public override string DocCommentHeader {
 210                         get { return "F:"; }
 211                 }
 212
 213                 public override void Emit ()
 214                 {
 215                         if (member_type == InternalType.Dynamic) {
 216                                 Compiler.PredefinedAttributes.Dynamic.EmitAttribute (FieldBuilder);
 217                         } else if (!(Parent is CompilerGeneratedClass) && member_type.HasDynamicElement) {
 218                                 Compiler.PredefinedAttributes.Dynamic.EmitAttribute (FieldBuilder, member_type);
 219                         }
 220
 221                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.COMPILER_GENERATED) != 0 && !Parent.IsCompilerGenerated)
 222                                 Compiler.PredefinedAttributes.CompilerGenerated.EmitAttribute (FieldBuilder);
 223
 224                         if (OptAttributes != null) {
 225                                 OptAttributes.Emit ();
 226                         }
 227
 228                         if (((status & Status.HAS_OFFSET) == 0) && (ModFlags & (Modifiers.STATIC | Modifiers.BACKING_FIELD)) == 0 && Parent.PartialContainer.HasExplicitLayout) {
 229                                 Report.Error (625, Location, "`{0}': Instance field types marked with StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit) must have a FieldOffset attribute", GetSignatureForError ());
 230                         }
 231
 232                         base.Emit ();
 233                 }
 234
 235                 public static void Error_VariableOfStaticClass (Location loc, string variable_name, TypeSpec static_class, Report Report)
 236                 {
 237                         Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (static_class);
 238                         Report.Error (723, loc, "`{0}': cannot declare variables of static types",
 239                                 variable_name);
 240                 }
 241
 242                 protected override bool VerifyClsCompliance ()
 243                 {
 244                         if (!base.VerifyClsCompliance ())
 245                                 return false;
 246
 247                         if (!MemberType.IsCLSCompliant () || this is FixedField) {
 248                                 Report.Warning (3003, 1, Location, "Type of `{0}' is not CLS-compliant",
 249                                         GetSignatureForError ());
 250                         }
 251                         return true;
 252                 }
 253         }
 254
 255         //
 256         // Field specification
 257         //
 258         public class FieldSpec : MemberSpec, IInterfaceMemberSpec
 259         {
 260                 FieldInfo metaInfo;
 261                 TypeSpec memberType;
 262
 263                 public FieldSpec (TypeSpec declaringType, IMemberDefinition definition, TypeSpec memberType, FieldInfo info, Modifiers modifiers)
 264                         : base (MemberKind.Field, declaringType, definition, modifiers)
 265                 {
 266                         this.metaInfo = info;
 267                         this.memberType = memberType;
 268                 }
 269
 270                 #region Properties
 271
 272                 public bool IsReadOnly {
 273                         get {
 274                                 return (Modifiers & Modifiers.READONLY) != 0;
 275                         }
 276                 }
 277
 278                 public TypeSpec MemberType {
 279                         get {
 280                                 return memberType;
 281                         }
 282                 }
 283
 284 #endregion
 285
 286                 public FieldInfo GetMetaInfo ()
 287                 {
 288                         if ((state & StateFlags.PendingMetaInflate) != 0) {
 289                                 var decl_meta = DeclaringType.GetMetaInfo ();
 290                                 if (DeclaringType.IsTypeBuilder) {
 291                                         metaInfo = TypeBuilder.GetField (decl_meta, metaInfo);
 292                                 } else {
 293                                         var orig_token = metaInfo.MetadataToken;
 294                                         metaInfo = decl_meta.GetField (Name, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Static);
 295                                         if (metaInfo.MetadataToken != orig_token)
 296                                                 throw new NotImplementedException ("Resolved to wrong meta token");
 297
 298                                         // What a stupid API, does not work because field handle is imported
 299                                         // metaInfo = FieldInfo.GetFieldFromHandle (metaInfo.FieldHandle, DeclaringType.MetaInfo.TypeHandle);
 300                                 }
 301
 302                                 state &= ~StateFlags.PendingMetaInflate;
 303                         }
 304
 305                         return metaInfo;
 306                 }
 307
 308                 public override MemberSpec InflateMember (TypeParameterInflator inflator)
 309                 {
 310                         var fs = (FieldSpec) base.InflateMember (inflator);
 311                         fs.memberType = inflator.Inflate (memberType);
 312                         return fs;
 313                 }
 314
 315                 public FieldSpec Mutate (TypeParameterMutator mutator)
 316                 {
 317                         var decl = DeclaringType;
 318                         if (DeclaringType.IsGenericOrParentIsGeneric)
 319                                 decl = mutator.Mutate (decl);
 320
 321                         if (decl == DeclaringType)
 322                                 return this;
 323
 324                         var fs = (FieldSpec) MemberwiseClone ();
 325                         fs.declaringType = decl;
 326                         fs.state |= StateFlags.PendingMetaInflate;
 327
 328                         // Gets back FieldInfo in case of metaInfo was inflated
 329                         fs.metaInfo = MemberCache.GetMember (TypeParameterMutator.GetMemberDeclaringType (DeclaringType), this).metaInfo;
 330                         return fs;
 331                 }
 332         }
 333
 334         /// <summary>
 335         /// Fixed buffer implementation
 336         /// </summary>
 337         public class FixedField : FieldBase
 338         {
 339                 public const string FixedElementName = "FixedElementField";
 340                 static int GlobalCounter = 0;
 341
 342                 TypeBuilder fixed_buffer_type;
 343
 344                 const Modifiers AllowedModifiers =
 345                         Modifiers.NEW |
 346                         Modifiers.PUBLIC |
 347                         Modifiers.PROTECTED |
 348                         Modifiers.INTERNAL |
 349                         Modifiers.PRIVATE |
 350                         Modifiers.UNSAFE;
 351
 352                 public FixedField (DeclSpace parent, FullNamedExpression type, Modifiers mod, MemberName name, Attributes attrs)
 353                         : base (parent, type, mod, AllowedModifiers, name, attrs)
 354                 {
 355                 }
 356
 357                 public override Constant ConvertInitializer (ResolveContext rc, Constant expr)
 358                 {
 359                         return expr.ImplicitConversionRequired (rc, TypeManager.int32_type, Location);
 360                 }
 361
 362                 public override bool Define ()
 363                 {
 364                         if (!base.Define ())
 365                                 return false;
 366
 367                         if (!TypeManager.IsPrimitiveType (MemberType)) {
 368                                 Report.Error (1663, Location,
 369                                         "`{0}': Fixed size buffers type must be one of the following: bool, byte, short, int, long, char, sbyte, ushort, uint, ulong, float or double",
 370                                         GetSignatureForError ());
 371                         } else if (declarators != null) {
 372                                 var t = new TypeExpression (MemberType, TypeExpression.Location);
 373                                 int index = Parent.PartialContainer.Fields.IndexOf (this);
 374                                 foreach (var d in declarators) {
 375                                         var f = new FixedField (Parent, t, ModFlags, new MemberName (d.Name.Value, d.Name.Location), OptAttributes);
 376                                         f.initializer = d.Initializer;
 377                                         ((ConstInitializer) f.initializer).Name = d.Name.Value;
 378                                         Parent.PartialContainer.Fields.Insert (++index, f);
 379                                 }
 380                         }
 381
 382                         // Create nested fixed buffer container
 383                         string name = String.Format ("<{0}>__FixedBuffer{1}", Name, GlobalCounter++);
 384                         fixed_buffer_type = Parent.TypeBuilder.DefineNestedType (name, Parent.Module.DefaultCharSetType |
 385                                 TypeAttributes.NestedPublic | TypeAttributes.Sealed | TypeAttributes.BeforeFieldInit, TypeManager.value_type.GetMetaInfo ());
 386
 387                         fixed_buffer_type.DefineField (FixedElementName, MemberType.GetMetaInfo (), FieldAttributes.Public);
 388
 389                         FieldBuilder = Parent.TypeBuilder.DefineField (Name, fixed_buffer_type, ModifiersExtensions.FieldAttr (ModFlags));
 390                         var element_spec = new FieldSpec (null, this, MemberType, FieldBuilder, ModFlags);
 391                         spec = new FixedFieldSpec (Parent.Definition, this, FieldBuilder, element_spec, ModFlags);
 392
 393                         Parent.MemberCache.AddMember (spec);
 394                         return true;
 395                 }
 396
 397                 protected override void DoMemberTypeIndependentChecks ()
 398                 {
 399                         base.DoMemberTypeIndependentChecks ();
 400
 401                         if (!IsUnsafe)
 402                                 Expression.UnsafeError (Report, Location);
 403
 404                         if (Parent.PartialContainer.Kind != MemberKind.Struct) {
 405                                 Report.Error (1642, Location, "`{0}': Fixed size buffer fields may only be members of structs",
 406                                         GetSignatureForError ());
 407                         }
 408                 }
 409
 410                 public override void Emit()
 411                 {
 412                         ResolveContext rc = new ResolveContext (this);
 413                         IntConstant buffer_size_const = initializer.Resolve (rc) as IntConstant;
 414                         if (buffer_size_const == null)
 415                                 return;
 416
 417                         int buffer_size = buffer_size_const.Value;
 418
 419                         if (buffer_size <= 0) {
 420                                 Report.Error (1665, Location, "`{0}': Fixed size buffers must have a length greater than zero", GetSignatureForError ());
 421                                 return;
 422                         }
 423
 424                         int type_size = Expression.GetTypeSize (MemberType);
 425
 426                         if (buffer_size > int.MaxValue / type_size) {
 427                                 Report.Error (1664, Location, "Fixed size buffer `{0}' of length `{1}' and type `{2}' exceeded 2^31 limit",
 428                                         GetSignatureForError (), buffer_size.ToString (), TypeManager.CSharpName (MemberType));
 429                                 return;
 430                         }
 431
 432                         buffer_size *= type_size;
 433                         EmitFieldSize (buffer_size);
 434
 435                         Compiler.PredefinedAttributes.UnsafeValueType.EmitAttribute (fixed_buffer_type);
 436                         Compiler.PredefinedAttributes.CompilerGenerated.EmitAttribute (fixed_buffer_type);
 437                         fixed_buffer_type.CreateType ();
 438
 439                         base.Emit ();
 440                 }
 441
 442                 void EmitFieldSize (int buffer_size)
 443                 {
 444                         PredefinedAttribute pa;
 445                         AttributeEncoder encoder;
 446
 447                         pa = Compiler.PredefinedAttributes.StructLayout;
 448                         if (pa.Constructor == null && !pa.ResolveConstructor (Location, TypeManager.short_type))
 449                                 return;
 450
 451                         var field = pa.GetField ("Size", TypeManager.int32_type, Location);
 452                         if (field != null) {
 453                                 encoder = new AttributeEncoder (false);
 454                                 encoder.Encode ((short)LayoutKind.Sequential);
 455                                 encoder.EncodeNamedFieldArgument (field, new IntConstant (buffer_size, Location));
 456
 457                                 pa.EmitAttribute (fixed_buffer_type, encoder);
 458                         }
 459
 460                         //
 461                         // Don't emit FixedBufferAttribute attribute for private types
 462                         //
 463                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.PRIVATE) != 0)
 464                                 return;
 465
 466                         pa = Compiler.PredefinedAttributes.FixedBuffer;
 467                         if (pa.Constructor == null && !pa.ResolveConstructor (Location, TypeManager.type_type, TypeManager.int32_type))
 468                                 return;
 469
 470                         encoder = new AttributeEncoder (false);
 471                         encoder.EncodeTypeName (MemberType);
 472                         encoder.Encode (buffer_size);
 473                         encoder.EncodeEmptyNamedArguments ();
 474
 475                         pa.EmitAttribute (FieldBuilder, encoder);
 476                 }
 477
 478                 public void SetCharSet (TypeAttributes ta)
 479                 {
 480                         TypeAttributes cta = fixed_buffer_type.Attributes;
 481                         if ((cta & TypeAttributes.UnicodeClass) != (ta & TypeAttributes.UnicodeClass))
 482                                 SetTypeBuilderCharSet ((cta & ~TypeAttributes.AutoClass) | TypeAttributes.UnicodeClass);
 483                         else if ((cta & TypeAttributes.AutoClass) != (ta & TypeAttributes.AutoClass))
 484                                 SetTypeBuilderCharSet ((cta & ~TypeAttributes.UnicodeClass) | TypeAttributes.AutoClass);
 485                         else if (cta == 0 && ta != 0)
 486                                 SetTypeBuilderCharSet (cta & ~(TypeAttributes.UnicodeClass | TypeAttributes.AutoClass));
 487                 }
 488
 489                 void SetTypeBuilderCharSet (TypeAttributes ta)
 490                 {
 491                         MethodInfo mi = typeof (TypeBuilder).GetMethod ("SetCharSet", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
 492                         if (mi == null) {
 493                                 Report.RuntimeMissingSupport (Location, "TypeBuilder::SetCharSet");
 494                         } else {
 495                                 mi.Invoke (fixed_buffer_type, new object [] { ta });
 496                         }
 497                 }
 498         }
 499
 500         class FixedFieldSpec : FieldSpec
 501         {
 502                 readonly FieldSpec element;
 503
 504                 public FixedFieldSpec (TypeSpec declaringType, IMemberDefinition definition, FieldInfo info, FieldSpec element, Modifiers modifiers)
 505                         : base (declaringType, definition, element.MemberType, info, modifiers)
 506                 {
 507                         this.element = element;
 508
 509                         // It's never CLS-Compliant
 510                         state &= ~StateFlags.CLSCompliant_Undetected;
 511                 }
 512
 513                 public FieldSpec Element {
 514                         get {
 515                                 return element;
 516                         }
 517                 }
 518
 519                 public TypeSpec ElementType {
 520                         get {
 521                                 return MemberType;
 522                         }
 523                 }
 524         }
 525
 526         //
 527         // The Field class is used to represents class/struct fields during parsing.
 528         //
 529         public class Field : FieldBase {
 530                 // <summary>
 531                 //   Modifiers allowed in a class declaration
 532                 // </summary>
 533                 const Modifiers AllowedModifiers =
 534                         Modifiers.NEW |
 535                         Modifiers.PUBLIC |
 536                         Modifiers.PROTECTED |
 537                         Modifiers.INTERNAL |
 538                         Modifiers.PRIVATE |
 539                         Modifiers.STATIC |
 540                         Modifiers.VOLATILE |
 541                         Modifiers.UNSAFE |
 542                         Modifiers.READONLY;
 543
 544                 public Field (DeclSpace parent, FullNamedExpression type, Modifiers mod, MemberName name,
 545                               Attributes attrs)
 546                         : base (parent, type, mod, AllowedModifiers, name, attrs)
 547                 {
 548                 }
 549
 550                 bool CanBeVolatile ()
 551                 {
 552                         if (TypeManager.IsReferenceType (MemberType))
 553                                 return true;
 554
 555                         if (MemberType == TypeManager.bool_type || MemberType == TypeManager.char_type ||
 556                                 MemberType == TypeManager.sbyte_type || MemberType == TypeManager.byte_type ||
 557                                 MemberType == TypeManager.short_type || MemberType == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
 558                                 MemberType == TypeManager.int32_type || MemberType == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
 559                                 MemberType == TypeManager.float_type ||
 560                                 MemberType == TypeManager.intptr_type || MemberType == TypeManager.uintptr_type)
 561                                 return true;
 562
 563                         if (MemberType.IsEnum)
 564                                 return true;
 565
 566                         return false;
 567                 }
 568
 569                 public override bool Define ()
 570                 {
 571                         if (!base.Define ())
 572                                 return false;
 573
 574                         Type[] required_modifier = null;
 575                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.VOLATILE) != 0) {
 576                                 if (TypeManager.isvolatile_type == null)
 577                                         TypeManager.isvolatile_type = TypeManager.CoreLookupType (Compiler,
 578                                                 "System.Runtime.CompilerServices", "IsVolatile", MemberKind.Class, true);
 579
 580                                 if (TypeManager.isvolatile_type != null)
 581                                         required_modifier = new Type[] { TypeManager.isvolatile_type.GetMetaInfo () };
 582                         }
 583
 584                         FieldBuilder = Parent.TypeBuilder.DefineField (
 585                                 Name, member_type.GetMetaInfo (), required_modifier, null, ModifiersExtensions.FieldAttr (ModFlags));
 586
 587                         spec = new FieldSpec (Parent.Definition, this, MemberType, FieldBuilder, ModFlags);
 588
 589                         // Don't cache inaccessible fields
 590                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.BACKING_FIELD) == 0) {
 591                                 Parent.MemberCache.AddMember (spec);
 592                         }
 593
 594                         if (initializer != null) {
 595                                 ((TypeContainer) Parent).RegisterFieldForInitialization (this,
 596                                         new FieldInitializer (spec, initializer, this));
 597                         }
 598
 599                         if (declarators != null) {
 600                                 var t = new TypeExpression (MemberType, TypeExpression.Location);
 601                                 int index = Parent.PartialContainer.Fields.IndexOf (this);
 602                                 foreach (var d in declarators) {
 603                                         var f = new Field (Parent, t, ModFlags, new MemberName (d.Name.Value, d.Name.Location), OptAttributes);
 604                                         if (d.Initializer != null)
 605                                                 f.initializer = d.Initializer;
 606
 607                                         Parent.PartialContainer.Fields.Insert (++index, f);
 608                                 }
 609                         }
 610
 611                         return true;
 612                 }
 613
 614                 protected override void DoMemberTypeDependentChecks ()
 615                 {
 616                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.BACKING_FIELD) != 0)
 617                                 return;
 618
 619                         base.DoMemberTypeDependentChecks ();
 620
 621                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.VOLATILE) != 0) {
 622                                 if (!CanBeVolatile ()) {
 623                                         Report.Error (677, Location, "`{0}': A volatile field cannot be of the type `{1}'",
 624                                                 GetSignatureForError (), TypeManager.CSharpName (MemberType));
 625                                 }
 626
 627                                 if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.READONLY) != 0) {
 628                                         Report.Error (678, Location, "`{0}': A field cannot be both volatile and readonly",
 629                                                 GetSignatureForError ());
 630                                 }
 631                         }
 632                 }
 633
 634                 protected override bool VerifyClsCompliance ()
 635                 {
 636                         if (!base.VerifyClsCompliance ())
 637                                 return false;
 638
 639                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.VOLATILE) != 0) {
 640                                 Report.Warning (3026, 1, Location, "CLS-compliant field `{0}' cannot be volatile", GetSignatureForError ());
 641                         }
 642
 643                         return true;
 644                 }
 645         }
 646 }