mcs/mcs/field.cs

   1 //
   2 // field.cs: All field handlers
   3 //
   4 // Authors: Miguel de Icaza (miguel@gnu.org)
   5 //          Martin Baulig (martin@ximian.com)
   6 //          Marek Safar (marek.safar@seznam.cz)
   7 //
   8 // Dual licensed under the terms of the MIT X11 or GNU GPL
   9 //
  10 // Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Ximian, Inc (http://www.ximian.com)
  11 // Copyright 2004-2008 Novell, Inc
  12 //
  13
  14 using System;
  15 using System.Collections.Generic;
  16 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
  17
  18 #if STATIC
  19 using MetaType = IKVM.Reflection.Type;
  20 using IKVM.Reflection;
  21 using IKVM.Reflection.Emit;
  22 #else
  23 using MetaType = System.Type;
  24 using System.Reflection;
  25 using System.Reflection.Emit;
  26 #endif
  27
  28 namespace Mono.CSharp
  29 {
  30         public class FieldDeclarator
  31         {
  32                 public FieldDeclarator (SimpleMemberName name, Expression initializer)
  33                 {
  34                         this.Name = name;
  35                         this.Initializer = initializer;
  36                 }
  37
  38                 #region Properties
  39
  40                 public SimpleMemberName Name { get; private set; }
  41                 public Expression Initializer { get; private set; }
  42
  43                 #endregion
  44         }
  45
  46         //
  47         // Abstract class for all fields
  48         //
  49         abstract public class FieldBase : MemberBase
  50         {
  51                 protected FieldBuilder FieldBuilder;
  52                 protected FieldSpec spec;
  53                 public Status status;
  54                 protected Expression initializer;
  55                 protected List<FieldDeclarator> declarators;
  56
  57                 [Flags]
  58                 public enum Status : byte {
  59                         HAS_OFFSET = 4          // Used by FieldMember.
  60                 }
  61
  62                 static readonly string[] attribute_targets = new string [] { "field" };
  63
  64                 protected FieldBase (DeclSpace parent, FullNamedExpression type, Modifiers mod,
  65                                      Modifiers allowed_mod, MemberName name, Attributes attrs)
  66                         : base (parent, null, type, mod, allowed_mod | Modifiers.ABSTRACT, Modifiers.PRIVATE,
  67                                 name, attrs)
  68                 {
  69                         if ((mod & Modifiers.ABSTRACT) != 0)
  70                                 Report.Error (681, Location, "The modifier 'abstract' is not valid on fields. Try using a property instead");
  71                 }
  72
  73                 #region Properties
  74
  75                 public override AttributeTargets AttributeTargets {
  76                         get {
  77                                 return AttributeTargets.Field;
  78                         }
  79                 }
  80
  81                 public Expression Initializer {
  82                         get {
  83                                 return initializer;
  84                         }
  85                         set {
  86                                 this.initializer = value;
  87                         }
  88                 }
  89
  90                 public FieldSpec Spec {
  91                         get {
  92                                 return spec;
  93                         }
  94                 }
  95
  96                 public override string[] ValidAttributeTargets  {
  97                         get {
  98                                 return attribute_targets;
  99                         }
 100                 }
 101
 102                 #endregion
 103
 104                 public void AddDeclarator (FieldDeclarator declarator)
 105                 {
 106                         if (declarators == null)
 107                                 declarators = new List<FieldDeclarator> (2);
 108
 109                         declarators.Add (declarator);
 110
 111                         // TODO: This will probably break
 112                         Parent.AddMember (this, declarator.Name.Value);
 113                 }
 114
 115                 public override void ApplyAttributeBuilder (Attribute a, MethodSpec ctor, byte[] cdata, PredefinedAttributes pa)
 116                 {
 117                         if (a.Type == pa.FieldOffset) {
 118                                 status |= Status.HAS_OFFSET;
 119
 120                                 if (!Parent.PartialContainer.HasExplicitLayout) {
 121                                         Report.Error (636, Location, "The FieldOffset attribute can only be placed on members of types marked with the StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)");
 122                                         return;
 123                                 }
 124
 125                                 if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.STATIC) != 0 || this is Const) {
 126                                         Report.Error (637, Location, "The FieldOffset attribute is not allowed on static or const fields");
 127                                         return;
 128                                 }
 129                         }
 130
 131                         if (a.Type == pa.FixedBuffer) {
 132                                 Report.Error (1716, Location, "Do not use 'System.Runtime.CompilerServices.FixedBuffer' attribute. Use the 'fixed' field modifier instead");
 133                                 return;
 134                         }
 135
 136 #if false
 137                         if (a.Type == pa.MarshalAs) {
 138                                 UnmanagedMarshal marshal = a.GetMarshal (this);
 139                                 if (marshal != null) {
 140                                         FieldBuilder.SetMarshal (marshal);
 141                                 }
 142                                 return;
 143                         }
 144 #endif
 145                         if ((a.HasSecurityAttribute)) {
 146                                 a.Error_InvalidSecurityParent ();
 147                                 return;
 148                         }
 149
 150                         if (a.Type == pa.Dynamic) {
 151                                 a.Error_MisusedDynamicAttribute ();
 152                                 return;
 153                         }
 154
 155                         FieldBuilder.SetCustomAttribute ((ConstructorInfo) ctor.GetMetaInfo (), cdata);
 156                 }
 157
 158                 public void SetCustomAttribute (MethodSpec ctor, byte[] data)
 159                 {
 160                         FieldBuilder.SetCustomAttribute ((ConstructorInfo) ctor.GetMetaInfo (), data);
 161                 }
 162
 163                 protected override bool CheckBase ()
 164                 {
 165                         if (!base.CheckBase ())
 166                                 return false;
 167
 168                         MemberSpec candidate;
 169                         var conflict_symbol = MemberCache.FindBaseMember (this, out candidate);
 170                         if (conflict_symbol == null)
 171                                 conflict_symbol = candidate;
 172
 173                         if (conflict_symbol == null) {
 174                                 if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.NEW) != 0) {
 175                                         Report.Warning (109, 4, Location, "The member `{0}' does not hide an inherited member. The new keyword is not required",
 176                                                 GetSignatureForError ());
 177                                 }
 178                         } else {
 179                                 if ((ModFlags & (Modifiers.NEW | Modifiers.OVERRIDE | Modifiers.BACKING_FIELD)) == 0) {
 180                                         Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (conflict_symbol);
 181                                         Report.Warning (108, 2, Location, "`{0}' hides inherited member `{1}'. Use the new keyword if hiding was intended",
 182                                                 GetSignatureForError (), conflict_symbol.GetSignatureForError ());
 183                                 }
 184
 185                                 if (conflict_symbol.IsAbstract) {
 186                                         Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (conflict_symbol);
 187                                         Report.Error (533, Location, "`{0}' hides inherited abstract member `{1}'",
 188                                                 GetSignatureForError (), conflict_symbol.GetSignatureForError ());
 189                                 }
 190                         }
 191
 192                         return true;
 193                 }
 194
 195                 public virtual Constant ConvertInitializer (ResolveContext rc, Constant expr)
 196                 {
 197                         return expr.ConvertImplicitly (MemberType);
 198                 }
 199
 200                 protected override void DoMemberTypeDependentChecks ()
 201                 {
 202                         base.DoMemberTypeDependentChecks ();
 203
 204                         if (MemberType.IsGenericParameter)
 205                                 return;
 206
 207                         if (MemberType.IsStatic)
 208                                 Error_VariableOfStaticClass (Location, GetSignatureForError (), MemberType, Report);
 209
 210                         CheckBase ();
 211                         IsTypePermitted ();
 212                 }
 213
 214                 //
 215                 //   Represents header string for documentation comment.
 216                 //
 217                 public override string DocCommentHeader {
 218                         get { return "F:"; }
 219                 }
 220
 221                 public override void Emit ()
 222                 {
 223                         if (member_type.BuildinType == BuildinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
 224                                 Module.PredefinedAttributes.Dynamic.EmitAttribute (FieldBuilder);
 225                         } else if (!(Parent is CompilerGeneratedClass) && member_type.HasDynamicElement) {
 226                                 Module.PredefinedAttributes.Dynamic.EmitAttribute (FieldBuilder, member_type, Location);
 227                         }
 228
 229                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.COMPILER_GENERATED) != 0 && !Parent.IsCompilerGenerated)
 230                                 Module.PredefinedAttributes.CompilerGenerated.EmitAttribute (FieldBuilder);
 231
 232                         if (OptAttributes != null) {
 233                                 OptAttributes.Emit ();
 234                         }
 235
 236                         if (((status & Status.HAS_OFFSET) == 0) && (ModFlags & (Modifiers.STATIC | Modifiers.BACKING_FIELD)) == 0 && Parent.PartialContainer.HasExplicitLayout) {
 237                                 Report.Error (625, Location, "`{0}': Instance field types marked with StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit) must have a FieldOffset attribute", GetSignatureForError ());
 238                         }
 239
 240                         base.Emit ();
 241                 }
 242
 243                 public static void Error_VariableOfStaticClass (Location loc, string variable_name, TypeSpec static_class, Report Report)
 244                 {
 245                         Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (static_class);
 246                         Report.Error (723, loc, "`{0}': cannot declare variables of static types",
 247                                 variable_name);
 248                 }
 249
 250                 protected override bool VerifyClsCompliance ()
 251                 {
 252                         if (!base.VerifyClsCompliance ())
 253                                 return false;
 254
 255                         if (!MemberType.IsCLSCompliant () || this is FixedField) {
 256                                 Report.Warning (3003, 1, Location, "Type of `{0}' is not CLS-compliant",
 257                                         GetSignatureForError ());
 258                         }
 259                         return true;
 260                 }
 261         }
 262
 263         //
 264         // Field specification
 265         //
 266         public class FieldSpec : MemberSpec, IInterfaceMemberSpec
 267         {
 268                 FieldInfo metaInfo;
 269                 TypeSpec memberType;
 270
 271                 public FieldSpec (TypeSpec declaringType, IMemberDefinition definition, TypeSpec memberType, FieldInfo info, Modifiers modifiers)
 272                         : base (MemberKind.Field, declaringType, definition, modifiers)
 273                 {
 274                         this.metaInfo = info;
 275                         this.memberType = memberType;
 276                 }
 277
 278                 #region Properties
 279
 280                 public bool IsReadOnly {
 281                         get {
 282                                 return (Modifiers & Modifiers.READONLY) != 0;
 283                         }
 284                 }
 285
 286                 public TypeSpec MemberType {
 287                         get {
 288                                 return memberType;
 289                         }
 290                 }
 291
 292 #endregion
 293
 294                 public FieldInfo GetMetaInfo ()
 295                 {
 296                         if ((state & StateFlags.PendingMetaInflate) != 0) {
 297                                 var decl_meta = DeclaringType.GetMetaInfo ();
 298                                 if (DeclaringType.IsTypeBuilder) {
 299                                         metaInfo = TypeBuilder.GetField (decl_meta, metaInfo);
 300                                 } else {
 301                                         var orig_token = metaInfo.MetadataToken;
 302                                         metaInfo = decl_meta.GetField (Name, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Static);
 303                                         if (metaInfo.MetadataToken != orig_token)
 304                                                 throw new NotImplementedException ("Resolved to wrong meta token");
 305
 306                                         // What a stupid API, does not work because field handle is imported
 307                                         // metaInfo = FieldInfo.GetFieldFromHandle (metaInfo.FieldHandle, DeclaringType.MetaInfo.TypeHandle);
 308                                 }
 309
 310                                 state &= ~StateFlags.PendingMetaInflate;
 311                         }
 312
 313                         return metaInfo;
 314                 }
 315
 316                 public override MemberSpec InflateMember (TypeParameterInflator inflator)
 317                 {
 318                         var fs = (FieldSpec) base.InflateMember (inflator);
 319                         fs.memberType = inflator.Inflate (memberType);
 320                         return fs;
 321                 }
 322
 323                 public FieldSpec Mutate (TypeParameterMutator mutator)
 324                 {
 325                         var decl = DeclaringType;
 326                         if (DeclaringType.IsGenericOrParentIsGeneric)
 327                                 decl = mutator.Mutate (decl);
 328
 329                         if (decl == DeclaringType)
 330                                 return this;
 331
 332                         var fs = (FieldSpec) MemberwiseClone ();
 333                         fs.declaringType = decl;
 334                         fs.state |= StateFlags.PendingMetaInflate;
 335
 336                         // Gets back FieldInfo in case of metaInfo was inflated
 337                         fs.metaInfo = MemberCache.GetMember (TypeParameterMutator.GetMemberDeclaringType (DeclaringType), this).metaInfo;
 338                         return fs;
 339                 }
 340
 341                 public override List<TypeSpec> ResolveMissingDependencies ()
 342                 {
 343                         return memberType.ResolveMissingDependencies ();
 344                 }
 345         }
 346
 347         /// <summary>
 348         /// Fixed buffer implementation
 349         /// </summary>
 350         public class FixedField : FieldBase
 351         {
 352                 public const string FixedElementName = "FixedElementField";
 353                 static int GlobalCounter = 0;
 354
 355                 TypeBuilder fixed_buffer_type;
 356
 357                 const Modifiers AllowedModifiers =
 358                         Modifiers.NEW |
 359                         Modifiers.PUBLIC |
 360                         Modifiers.PROTECTED |
 361                         Modifiers.INTERNAL |
 362                         Modifiers.PRIVATE |
 363                         Modifiers.UNSAFE;
 364
 365                 public FixedField (DeclSpace parent, FullNamedExpression type, Modifiers mod, MemberName name, Attributes attrs)
 366                         : base (parent, type, mod, AllowedModifiers, name, attrs)
 367                 {
 368                 }
 369
 370                 #region Properties
 371
 372                 //
 373                 // Explicit struct layout set by parent
 374                 //
 375                 public CharSet? CharSet {
 376                         get; set;
 377                 }
 378
 379                 #endregion
 380
 381                 public override Constant ConvertInitializer (ResolveContext rc, Constant expr)
 382                 {
 383                         return expr.ImplicitConversionRequired (rc, rc.BuildinTypes.Int, Location);
 384                 }
 385
 386                 public override bool Define ()
 387                 {
 388                         if (!base.Define ())
 389                                 return false;
 390
 391                         if (!BuildinTypeSpec.IsPrimitiveType (MemberType)) {
 392                                 Report.Error (1663, Location,
 393                                         "`{0}': Fixed size buffers type must be one of the following: bool, byte, short, int, long, char, sbyte, ushort, uint, ulong, float or double",
 394                                         GetSignatureForError ());
 395                         } else if (declarators != null) {
 396                                 var t = new TypeExpression (MemberType, TypeExpression.Location);
 397                                 int index = Parent.PartialContainer.Fields.IndexOf (this);
 398                                 foreach (var d in declarators) {
 399                                         var f = new FixedField (Parent, t, ModFlags, new MemberName (d.Name.Value, d.Name.Location), OptAttributes);
 400                                         f.initializer = d.Initializer;
 401                                         ((ConstInitializer) f.initializer).Name = d.Name.Value;
 402                                         Parent.PartialContainer.Fields.Insert (++index, f);
 403                                 }
 404                         }
 405
 406                         // Create nested fixed buffer container
 407                         string name = String.Format ("<{0}>__FixedBuffer{1}", Name, GlobalCounter++);
 408                         fixed_buffer_type = Parent.TypeBuilder.DefineNestedType (name,
 409                                 TypeAttributes.NestedPublic | TypeAttributes.Sealed | TypeAttributes.BeforeFieldInit,
 410                                 Compiler.BuildinTypes.ValueType.GetMetaInfo ());
 411
 412                         fixed_buffer_type.DefineField (FixedElementName, MemberType.GetMetaInfo (), FieldAttributes.Public);
 413
 414                         FieldBuilder = Parent.TypeBuilder.DefineField (Name, fixed_buffer_type, ModifiersExtensions.FieldAttr (ModFlags));
 415                         var element_spec = new FieldSpec (null, this, MemberType, FieldBuilder, ModFlags);
 416                         spec = new FixedFieldSpec (Parent.Definition, this, FieldBuilder, element_spec, ModFlags);
 417
 418                         Parent.MemberCache.AddMember (spec);
 419                         return true;
 420                 }
 421
 422                 protected override void DoMemberTypeIndependentChecks ()
 423                 {
 424                         base.DoMemberTypeIndependentChecks ();
 425
 426                         if (!IsUnsafe)
 427                                 Expression.UnsafeError (Report, Location);
 428
 429                         if (Parent.PartialContainer.Kind != MemberKind.Struct) {
 430                                 Report.Error (1642, Location, "`{0}': Fixed size buffer fields may only be members of structs",
 431                                         GetSignatureForError ());
 432                         }
 433                 }
 434
 435                 public override void Emit()
 436                 {
 437                         ResolveContext rc = new ResolveContext (this);
 438                         IntConstant buffer_size_const = initializer.Resolve (rc) as IntConstant;
 439                         if (buffer_size_const == null)
 440                                 return;
 441
 442                         int buffer_size = buffer_size_const.Value;
 443
 444                         if (buffer_size <= 0) {
 445                                 Report.Error (1665, Location, "`{0}': Fixed size buffers must have a length greater than zero", GetSignatureForError ());
 446                                 return;
 447                         }
 448
 449                         int type_size = BuildinTypeSpec.GetSize (MemberType);
 450
 451                         if (buffer_size > int.MaxValue / type_size) {
 452                                 Report.Error (1664, Location, "Fixed size buffer `{0}' of length `{1}' and type `{2}' exceeded 2^31 limit",
 453                                         GetSignatureForError (), buffer_size.ToString (), TypeManager.CSharpName (MemberType));
 454                                 return;
 455                         }
 456
 457                         EmitFieldSize (buffer_size);
 458
 459 #if STATIC
 460                         if (Module.HasDefaultCharSet)
 461                                 fixed_buffer_type.__SetAttributes (fixed_buffer_type.Attributes | Module.DefaultCharSetType);
 462 #endif
 463
 464                         Module.PredefinedAttributes.UnsafeValueType.EmitAttribute (fixed_buffer_type);
 465                         Module.PredefinedAttributes.CompilerGenerated.EmitAttribute (fixed_buffer_type);
 466                         fixed_buffer_type.CreateType ();
 467
 468                         base.Emit ();
 469                 }
 470
 471                 void EmitFieldSize (int buffer_size)
 472                 {
 473                         PredefinedAttribute pa;
 474                         AttributeEncoder encoder;
 475
 476                         pa = Module.PredefinedAttributes.StructLayout;
 477                         if (pa.Constructor == null && !pa.ResolveConstructor (Location, Compiler.BuildinTypes.Short))
 478                                 return;
 479
 480                         var char_set_type = Module.PredefinedTypes.CharSet.Resolve (Location);
 481                         if (char_set_type == null)
 482                                 return;
 483
 484                         var field_size = pa.GetField ("Size", Compiler.BuildinTypes.Int, Location);
 485                         var field_charset = pa.GetField ("CharSet", char_set_type, Location);
 486                         if (field_size == null || field_charset == null)
 487                                 return;
 488
 489                         var char_set = CharSet ?? Module.DefaultCharSet ?? 0;
 490
 491                         encoder = new AttributeEncoder ();
 492                         encoder.Encode ((short)LayoutKind.Sequential);
 493                         encoder.EncodeNamedArguments (
 494                                 new [] { field_size, field_charset },
 495                                 new Constant [] {
 496                                         new IntConstant (Compiler.BuildinTypes, buffer_size, Location),
 497                                         new IntConstant (Compiler.BuildinTypes, (int) char_set, Location)
 498                                 }
 499                         );
 500
 501                         pa.EmitAttribute (fixed_buffer_type, encoder);
 502
 503                         //
 504                         // Don't emit FixedBufferAttribute attribute for private types
 505                         //
 506                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.PRIVATE) != 0)
 507                                 return;
 508
 509                         pa = Module.PredefinedAttributes.FixedBuffer;
 510                         if (pa.Constructor == null && !pa.ResolveConstructor (Location, Compiler.BuildinTypes.Type, Compiler.BuildinTypes.Int))
 511                                 return;
 512
 513                         encoder = new AttributeEncoder ();
 514                         encoder.EncodeTypeName (MemberType);
 515                         encoder.Encode (buffer_size);
 516                         encoder.EncodeEmptyNamedArguments ();
 517
 518                         pa.EmitAttribute (FieldBuilder, encoder);
 519                 }
 520         }
 521
 522         class FixedFieldSpec : FieldSpec
 523         {
 524                 readonly FieldSpec element;
 525
 526                 public FixedFieldSpec (TypeSpec declaringType, IMemberDefinition definition, FieldInfo info, FieldSpec element, Modifiers modifiers)
 527                         : base (declaringType, definition, element.MemberType, info, modifiers)
 528                 {
 529                         this.element = element;
 530
 531                         // It's never CLS-Compliant
 532                         state &= ~StateFlags.CLSCompliant_Undetected;
 533                 }
 534
 535                 public FieldSpec Element {
 536                         get {
 537                                 return element;
 538                         }
 539                 }
 540
 541                 public TypeSpec ElementType {
 542                         get {
 543                                 return MemberType;
 544                         }
 545                 }
 546         }
 547
 548         //
 549         // The Field class is used to represents class/struct fields during parsing.
 550         //
 551         public class Field : FieldBase {
 552                 // <summary>
 553                 //   Modifiers allowed in a class declaration
 554                 // </summary>
 555                 const Modifiers AllowedModifiers =
 556                         Modifiers.NEW |
 557                         Modifiers.PUBLIC |
 558                         Modifiers.PROTECTED |
 559                         Modifiers.INTERNAL |
 560                         Modifiers.PRIVATE |
 561                         Modifiers.STATIC |
 562                         Modifiers.VOLATILE |
 563                         Modifiers.UNSAFE |
 564                         Modifiers.READONLY;
 565
 566                 public Field (DeclSpace parent, FullNamedExpression type, Modifiers mod, MemberName name,
 567                               Attributes attrs)
 568                         : base (parent, type, mod, AllowedModifiers, name, attrs)
 569                 {
 570                 }
 571
 572                 bool CanBeVolatile ()
 573                 {
 574                         if (TypeManager.IsReferenceType (MemberType))
 575                                 return true;
 576
 577                         switch (MemberType.BuildinType) {
 578                         case BuildinTypeSpec.Type.Bool:
 579                         case BuildinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
 580                         case BuildinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
 581                         case BuildinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
 582                         case BuildinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
 583                         case BuildinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
 584                         case BuildinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
 585                         case BuildinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
 586                         case BuildinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
 587                         case BuildinTypeSpec.Type.UIntPtr:
 588                         case BuildinTypeSpec.Type.IntPtr:
 589                                 return true;
 590                         }
 591
 592                         if (MemberType.IsEnum)
 593                                 return true;
 594
 595                         return false;
 596                 }
 597
 598                 public override bool Define ()
 599                 {
 600                         if (!base.Define ())
 601                                 return false;
 602
 603                         MetaType[] required_modifier = null;
 604                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.VOLATILE) != 0) {
 605                                 var mod = Module.PredefinedTypes.IsVolatile.Resolve (Location);
 606                                 if (mod != null)
 607                                         required_modifier = new MetaType[] { mod.GetMetaInfo () };
 608                         }
 609
 610                         FieldBuilder = Parent.TypeBuilder.DefineField (
 611                                 Name, member_type.GetMetaInfo (), required_modifier, null, ModifiersExtensions.FieldAttr (ModFlags));
 612
 613                         spec = new FieldSpec (Parent.Definition, this, MemberType, FieldBuilder, ModFlags);
 614
 615                         // Don't cache inaccessible fields
 616                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.BACKING_FIELD) == 0) {
 617                                 Parent.MemberCache.AddMember (spec);
 618                         }
 619
 620                         if (initializer != null) {
 621                                 ((TypeContainer) Parent).RegisterFieldForInitialization (this,
 622                                         new FieldInitializer (spec, initializer, this));
 623                         }
 624
 625                         if (declarators != null) {
 626                                 var t = new TypeExpression (MemberType, TypeExpression.Location);
 627                                 int index = Parent.PartialContainer.Fields.IndexOf (this);
 628                                 foreach (var d in declarators) {
 629                                         var f = new Field (Parent, t, ModFlags, new MemberName (d.Name.Value, d.Name.Location), OptAttributes);
 630                                         if (d.Initializer != null)
 631                                                 f.initializer = d.Initializer;
 632
 633                                         Parent.PartialContainer.Fields.Insert (++index, f);
 634                                 }
 635                         }
 636
 637                         return true;
 638                 }
 639
 640                 protected override void DoMemberTypeDependentChecks ()
 641                 {
 642                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.BACKING_FIELD) != 0)
 643                                 return;
 644
 645                         base.DoMemberTypeDependentChecks ();
 646
 647                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.VOLATILE) != 0) {
 648                                 if (!CanBeVolatile ()) {
 649                                         Report.Error (677, Location, "`{0}': A volatile field cannot be of the type `{1}'",
 650                                                 GetSignatureForError (), TypeManager.CSharpName (MemberType));
 651                                 }
 652
 653                                 if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.READONLY) != 0) {
 654                                         Report.Error (678, Location, "`{0}': A field cannot be both volatile and readonly",
 655                                                 GetSignatureForError ());
 656                                 }
 657                         }
 658                 }
 659
 660                 protected override bool VerifyClsCompliance ()
 661                 {
 662                         if (!base.VerifyClsCompliance ())
 663                                 return false;
 664
 665                         if ((ModFlags & Modifiers.VOLATILE) != 0) {
 666                                 Report.Warning (3026, 1, Location, "CLS-compliant field `{0}' cannot be volatile", GetSignatureForError ());
 667                         }
 668
 669                         return true;
 670                 }
 671         }
 672 }