2 // expression.cs: Expression representation for the IL tree.
5 // Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com)
7 // (C) 2001, 2002, 2003 Ximian, Inc.
8 // (C) 2003, 2004 Novell, Inc.
12 namespace Mono.CSharp {
14 using System.Collections;
15 using System.Reflection;
16 using System.Reflection.Emit;
20 /// This is just a helper class, it is generated by Unary, UnaryMutator
21 /// when an overloaded method has been found. It just emits the code for a
24 public class StaticCallExpr : ExpressionStatement {
28 public StaticCallExpr (MethodInfo m, ArrayList a, Location l)
34 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
38 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
41 // We are born fully resolved
46 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
49 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, mi, args, false, null);
51 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, mi);
55 static public StaticCallExpr MakeSimpleCall (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr mg,
56 Expression e, Location loc)
61 args = new ArrayList (1);
62 Argument a = new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression);
64 // We need to resolve the arguments before sending them in !
65 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
69 method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
70 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, args, false, loc);
75 return new StaticCallExpr ((MethodInfo) method, args, loc);
78 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
81 if (TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (type) != TypeManager.void_type)
82 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
85 public MethodInfo Method {
90 public class ParenthesizedExpression : Expression
92 public Expression Expr;
94 public ParenthesizedExpression (Expression expr, Location loc)
100 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
102 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
106 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
108 throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
113 /// Unary expressions.
117 /// Unary implements unary expressions. It derives from
118 /// ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
119 /// operators can be used in a statement context.
121 public class Unary : Expression {
122 public enum Operator : byte {
123 UnaryPlus, UnaryNegation, LogicalNot, OnesComplement,
124 Indirection, AddressOf, TOP
127 public Operator Oper;
128 public Expression Expr;
130 public Unary (Operator op, Expression expr, Location loc)
138 /// Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
140 static public string OperName (Operator oper)
143 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
145 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
147 case Operator.LogicalNot:
149 case Operator.OnesComplement:
151 case Operator.AddressOf:
153 case Operator.Indirection:
157 return oper.ToString ();
160 public static readonly string [] oper_names;
164 oper_names = new string [(int)Operator.TOP];
166 oper_names [(int) Operator.UnaryPlus] = "op_UnaryPlus";
167 oper_names [(int) Operator.UnaryNegation] = "op_UnaryNegation";
168 oper_names [(int) Operator.LogicalNot] = "op_LogicalNot";
169 oper_names [(int) Operator.OnesComplement] = "op_OnesComplement";
170 oper_names [(int) Operator.Indirection] = "op_Indirection";
171 oper_names [(int) Operator.AddressOf] = "op_AddressOf";
174 void Error23 (Type t)
177 23, "Operator " + OperName (Oper) +
178 " cannot be applied to operand of type `" +
179 TypeManager.CSharpName (t) + "'");
183 /// The result has been already resolved:
185 /// FIXME: a minus constant -128 sbyte cant be turned into a
188 static Expression TryReduceNegative (Constant expr)
192 if (expr is IntConstant)
193 e = new IntConstant (-((IntConstant) expr).Value);
194 else if (expr is UIntConstant){
195 uint value = ((UIntConstant) expr).Value;
197 if (value < 2147483649)
198 return new IntConstant (-(int)value);
200 e = new LongConstant (-value);
202 else if (expr is LongConstant)
203 e = new LongConstant (-((LongConstant) expr).Value);
204 else if (expr is ULongConstant){
205 ulong value = ((ULongConstant) expr).Value;
207 if (value < 9223372036854775809)
208 return new LongConstant(-(long)value);
210 else if (expr is FloatConstant)
211 e = new FloatConstant (-((FloatConstant) expr).Value);
212 else if (expr is DoubleConstant)
213 e = new DoubleConstant (-((DoubleConstant) expr).Value);
214 else if (expr is DecimalConstant)
215 e = new DecimalConstant (-((DecimalConstant) expr).Value);
216 else if (expr is ShortConstant)
217 e = new IntConstant (-((ShortConstant) expr).Value);
218 else if (expr is UShortConstant)
219 e = new IntConstant (-((UShortConstant) expr).Value);
224 // This routine will attempt to simplify the unary expression when the
225 // argument is a constant. The result is returned in `result' and the
226 // function returns true or false depending on whether a reduction
227 // was performed or not
229 bool Reduce (EmitContext ec, Constant e, out Expression result)
231 Type expr_type = e.Type;
234 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
238 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
239 result = TryReduceNegative (e);
242 case Operator.LogicalNot:
243 if (expr_type != TypeManager.bool_type) {
249 BoolConstant b = (BoolConstant) e;
250 result = new BoolConstant (!(b.Value));
253 case Operator.OnesComplement:
254 if (!((expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
255 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
256 (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
257 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
258 (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)))){
261 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, e, TypeManager.int32_type)){
262 result = new Cast (new TypeExpression (TypeManager.int32_type, loc), e, loc);
263 result = result.Resolve (ec);
264 } else if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, e, TypeManager.uint32_type)){
265 result = new Cast (new TypeExpression (TypeManager.uint32_type, loc), e, loc);
266 result = result.Resolve (ec);
267 } else if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, e, TypeManager.int64_type)){
268 result = new Cast (new TypeExpression (TypeManager.int64_type, loc), e, loc);
269 result = result.Resolve (ec);
270 } else if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, e, TypeManager.uint64_type)){
271 result = new Cast (new TypeExpression (TypeManager.uint64_type, loc), e, loc);
272 result = result.Resolve (ec);
275 if (result == null || !(result is Constant)){
281 expr_type = result.Type;
282 e = (Constant) result;
285 if (e is EnumConstant){
286 EnumConstant enum_constant = (EnumConstant) e;
289 if (Reduce (ec, enum_constant.Child, out reduced)){
290 result = new EnumConstant ((Constant) reduced, enum_constant.Type);
298 if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
299 result = new IntConstant (~ ((IntConstant) e).Value);
300 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
301 result = new UIntConstant (~ ((UIntConstant) e).Value);
302 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
303 result = new LongConstant (~ ((LongConstant) e).Value);
304 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
305 result = new ULongConstant (~ ((ULongConstant) e).Value);
313 case Operator.AddressOf:
317 case Operator.Indirection:
321 throw new Exception ("Can not constant fold: " + Oper.ToString());
324 Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
326 Type expr_type = Expr.Type;
329 // Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
334 op_name = oper_names [(int) Oper];
336 mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type, op_name, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
339 Expression e = StaticCallExpr.MakeSimpleCall (
340 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, Expr, loc);
350 // Only perform numeric promotions on:
353 if (expr_type == null)
357 // Step 2: Default operations on CLI native types.
360 // Attempt to use a constant folding operation.
361 if (Expr is Constant){
364 if (Reduce (ec, (Constant) Expr, out result))
369 case Operator.LogicalNot:
370 if (expr_type != TypeManager.bool_type) {
371 Expr = ResolveBoolean (ec, Expr, loc);
378 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
381 case Operator.OnesComplement:
382 if (!((expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
383 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
384 (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
385 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
386 (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)))){
389 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
391 type = TypeManager.int32_type;
394 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.uint32_type, loc);
396 type = TypeManager.uint32_type;
399 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
401 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
404 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.uint64_type, loc);
406 type = TypeManager.uint64_type;
415 case Operator.AddressOf:
416 if (Expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable){
417 Error (211, "Cannot take the address of non-variables");
426 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnManaged (Expr.Type, loc)){
430 IVariable variable = Expr as IVariable;
431 if (!ec.InFixedInitializer && ((variable == null) || !variable.VerifyFixed (false))) {
432 Error (212, "You can only take the address of an unfixed expression inside " +
433 "of a fixed statement initializer");
437 if (ec.InFixedInitializer && ((variable != null) && variable.VerifyFixed (false))) {
438 Error (213, "You can not fix an already fixed expression");
442 // According to the specs, a variable is considered definitely assigned if you take
444 if ((variable != null) && (variable.VariableInfo != null))
445 variable.VariableInfo.SetAssigned (ec);
447 type = TypeManager.GetPointerType (Expr.Type);
450 case Operator.Indirection:
456 if (!expr_type.IsPointer){
457 Error (193, "The * or -> operator can only be applied to pointers");
462 // We create an Indirection expression, because
463 // it can implement the IMemoryLocation.
465 return new Indirection (Expr, loc);
467 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
469 // A plus in front of something is just a no-op, so return the child.
473 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
475 // Deals with -literals
476 // int operator- (int x)
477 // long operator- (long x)
478 // float operator- (float f)
479 // double operator- (double d)
480 // decimal operator- (decimal d)
482 Expression expr = null;
485 // transform - - expr into expr
488 Unary unary = (Unary) Expr;
490 if (unary.Oper == Operator.UnaryNegation)
495 // perform numeric promotions to int,
499 // The following is inneficient, because we call
500 // ImplicitConversion too many times.
502 // It is also not clear if we should convert to Float
503 // or Double initially.
505 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
507 // FIXME: handle exception to this rule that
508 // permits the int value -2147483648 (-2^31) to
509 // bt wrote as a decimal interger literal
511 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
512 Expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, type, loc);
516 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
518 // FIXME: Handle exception of `long value'
519 // -92233720368547758087 (-2^63) to be wrote as
520 // decimal integer literal.
526 if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type){
531 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
538 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
545 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
556 Error (187, "No such operator '" + OperName (Oper) + "' defined for type '" +
557 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + "'");
561 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
563 if (Oper == Operator.AddressOf)
564 Expr = Expr.ResolveLValue (ec, new EmptyExpression ());
566 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
571 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
572 return ResolveOperator (ec);
575 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right)
577 if (Oper == Operator.Indirection)
578 return base.DoResolveLValue (ec, right);
580 Error (131, "The left-hand side of an assignment must be a " +
581 "variable, property or indexer");
585 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
587 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
590 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
591 throw new Exception ("This should be caught by Resolve");
593 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
595 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
596 if (type == TypeManager.int64_type)
597 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U8);
599 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf);
602 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Neg);
607 case Operator.LogicalNot:
609 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
610 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
613 case Operator.OnesComplement:
615 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Not);
618 case Operator.AddressOf:
619 ((IMemoryLocation)Expr).AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
623 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
628 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool onTrue)
630 if (Oper == Operator.LogicalNot)
631 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, !onTrue);
633 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, onTrue);
636 public override string ToString ()
638 return "Unary (" + Oper + ", " + Expr + ")";
644 // Unary operators are turned into Indirection expressions
645 // after semantic analysis (this is so we can take the address
646 // of an indirection).
648 public class Indirection : Expression, IMemoryLocation, IAssignMethod {
650 LocalTemporary temporary;
653 public Indirection (Expression expr, Location l)
656 this.type = TypeManager.GetElementType (expr.Type);
657 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
661 void LoadExprValue (EmitContext ec)
665 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
670 LoadFromPtr (ec.ig, Type);
673 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
677 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
678 temporary = new LocalTemporary (ec, expr.Type);
679 temporary.Store (ec);
683 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
685 prepared = prepare_for_load;
689 if (prepare_for_load)
690 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
694 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
695 temporary = new LocalTemporary (ec, expr.Type);
696 temporary.Store (ec);
699 StoreFromPtr (ec.ig, type);
701 if (temporary != null)
705 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
710 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
713 // Born fully resolved
718 public override string ToString ()
720 return "*(" + expr + ")";
725 /// Unary Mutator expressions (pre and post ++ and --)
729 /// UnaryMutator implements ++ and -- expressions. It derives from
730 /// ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
731 /// operators can be used in a statement context.
733 /// FIXME: Idea, we could split this up in two classes, one simpler
734 /// for the common case, and one with the extra fields for more complex
735 /// classes (indexers require temporary access; overloaded require method)
738 public class UnaryMutator : ExpressionStatement {
740 public enum Mode : byte {
747 PreDecrement = IsDecrement,
748 PostIncrement = IsPost,
749 PostDecrement = IsPost | IsDecrement
753 bool is_expr = false;
754 bool recurse = false;
759 // This is expensive for the simplest case.
761 StaticCallExpr method;
763 public UnaryMutator (Mode m, Expression e, Location l)
770 static string OperName (Mode mode)
772 return (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PostIncrement) ?
776 void Error23 (Type t)
779 23, "Operator " + OperName (mode) +
780 " cannot be applied to operand of type `" +
781 TypeManager.CSharpName (t) + "'");
785 /// Returns whether an object of type `t' can be incremented
786 /// or decremented with add/sub (ie, basically whether we can
787 /// use pre-post incr-decr operations on it, but it is not a
788 /// System.Decimal, which we require operator overloading to catch)
790 static bool IsIncrementableNumber (Type t)
792 return (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
793 (t == TypeManager.byte_type) ||
794 (t == TypeManager.short_type) ||
795 (t == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
796 (t == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
797 (t == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
798 (t == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
799 (t == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
800 (t == TypeManager.char_type) ||
801 (t.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)) ||
802 (t == TypeManager.float_type) ||
803 (t == TypeManager.double_type) ||
804 (t.IsPointer && t != TypeManager.void_ptr_type);
807 Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
809 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
812 // Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
817 if (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PostIncrement)
818 op_name = "op_Increment";
820 op_name = "op_Decrement";
822 mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type, op_name, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
824 if (mg == null && expr_type.BaseType != null)
825 mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type.BaseType, op_name,
826 MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
829 method = StaticCallExpr.MakeSimpleCall (
830 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, expr, loc);
837 // The operand of the prefix/postfix increment decrement operators
838 // should be an expression that is classified as a variable,
839 // a property access or an indexer access
842 if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Variable){
843 LocalVariableReference var = expr as LocalVariableReference;
844 if ((var != null) && var.IsReadOnly)
845 Error (1604, "cannot assign to `" + var.Name + "' because it is readonly");
846 if (IsIncrementableNumber (expr_type) ||
847 expr_type == TypeManager.decimal_type){
850 } else if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess){
851 IndexerAccess ia = (IndexerAccess) expr;
853 expr = ia.ResolveLValue (ec, this);
858 } else if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess){
859 PropertyExpr pe = (PropertyExpr) expr;
861 if (pe.VerifyAssignable ())
866 expr.Error_UnexpectedKind ("variable, indexer or property access", loc);
870 Error (187, "No such operator '" + OperName (mode) + "' defined for type '" +
871 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + "'");
875 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
877 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
882 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
883 return ResolveOperator (ec);
886 static int PtrTypeSize (Type t)
888 return GetTypeSize (TypeManager.GetElementType (t));
892 // Loads the proper "1" into the stack based on the type, then it emits the
893 // opcode for the operation requested
895 void LoadOneAndEmitOp (EmitContext ec, Type t)
898 // Measure if getting the typecode and using that is more/less efficient
899 // that comparing types. t.GetTypeCode() is an internal call.
901 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
903 if (t == TypeManager.uint64_type || t == TypeManager.int64_type)
904 LongConstant.EmitLong (ig, 1);
905 else if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
906 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_R8, 1.0);
907 else if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
908 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_R4, 1.0F);
909 else if (t.IsPointer){
910 int n = PtrTypeSize (t);
913 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, t);
915 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, n);
917 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
920 // Now emit the operation
923 if (t == TypeManager.int32_type ||
924 t == TypeManager.int64_type){
925 if ((mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0)
926 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf);
928 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add_Ovf);
929 } else if (t == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
930 t == TypeManager.uint64_type){
931 if ((mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0)
932 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf_Un);
934 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add_Ovf_Un);
936 if ((mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0)
937 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf);
939 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add_Ovf);
942 if ((mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0)
943 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
945 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
948 if (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
950 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1);
952 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I1);
953 } else if (t == TypeManager.byte_type){
955 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1);
957 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U1);
958 } else if (t == TypeManager.short_type){
960 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I2);
962 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I2);
963 } else if (t == TypeManager.ushort_type || t == TypeManager.char_type){
965 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2);
967 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2);
972 void EmitCode (EmitContext ec, bool is_expr)
975 this.is_expr = is_expr;
976 ((IAssignMethod) expr).EmitAssign (ec, this, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PreDecrement), true);
980 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
983 // We use recurse to allow ourselfs to be the source
984 // of an assignment. This little hack prevents us from
985 // having to allocate another expression
988 ((IAssignMethod) expr).Emit (ec, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PostIncrement || mode == Mode.PostDecrement));
990 LoadOneAndEmitOp (ec, expr.Type);
992 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method.Method);
1000 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
1002 EmitCode (ec, false);
1007 /// Base class for the `Is' and `As' classes.
1011 /// FIXME: Split this in two, and we get to save the `Operator' Oper
1014 public abstract class Probe : Expression {
1015 public Expression ProbeType;
1016 protected Expression expr;
1017 protected Type probe_type;
1019 public Probe (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1021 ProbeType = probe_type;
1026 public Expression Expr {
1032 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1034 TypeExpr texpr = ProbeType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
1037 probe_type = texpr.ResolveType (ec);
1039 CheckObsoleteAttribute (probe_type);
1041 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1045 if (expr.Type.IsPointer) {
1046 Report.Error (244, loc, "\"is\" or \"as\" are not valid on pointer types");
1054 /// Implementation of the `is' operator.
1056 public class Is : Probe {
1057 public Is (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1058 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1063 AlwaysTrue, AlwaysNull, AlwaysFalse, LeaveOnStack, Probe
1068 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1070 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
1075 case Action.AlwaysFalse:
1076 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
1077 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, 0);
1079 case Action.AlwaysTrue:
1080 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
1081 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, 1);
1083 case Action.LeaveOnStack:
1084 // the `e != null' rule.
1085 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldnull);
1086 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
1087 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
1088 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
1091 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type);
1092 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldnull);
1093 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
1096 throw new Exception ("never reached");
1099 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool onTrue)
1101 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
1104 case Action.AlwaysFalse:
1106 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, target);
1109 case Action.AlwaysTrue:
1111 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, target);
1114 case Action.LeaveOnStack:
1115 // the `e != null' rule.
1117 ig.Emit (onTrue ? OpCodes.Brtrue : OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
1121 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type);
1122 ig.Emit (onTrue ? OpCodes.Brtrue : OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
1125 throw new Exception ("never reached");
1128 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1130 Expression e = base.DoResolve (ec);
1132 if ((e == null) || (expr == null))
1135 Type etype = expr.Type;
1136 bool warning_always_matches = false;
1137 bool warning_never_matches = false;
1139 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
1140 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1143 // First case, if at compile time, there is an implicit conversion
1144 // then e != null (objects) or true (value types)
1146 e = Convert.ImplicitConversionStandard (ec, expr, probe_type, loc);
1149 if (etype.IsValueType)
1150 action = Action.AlwaysTrue;
1152 action = Action.LeaveOnStack;
1154 warning_always_matches = true;
1155 } else if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (etype, probe_type)){
1157 // Second case: explicit reference convresion
1159 if (expr is NullLiteral)
1160 action = Action.AlwaysFalse;
1162 action = Action.Probe;
1164 action = Action.AlwaysFalse;
1165 warning_never_matches = true;
1168 if (warning_always_matches)
1169 Warning (183, "The given expression is always of the provided ('{0}') type", TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type));
1170 else if (warning_never_matches){
1171 if (!(probe_type.IsInterface || expr.Type.IsInterface))
1172 Warning (184, "The given expression is never of the provided ('{0}') type", TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type));
1180 /// Implementation of the `as' operator.
1182 public class As : Probe {
1183 public As (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1184 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1188 bool do_isinst = false;
1190 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1192 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
1197 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type);
1200 static void Error_CannotConvertType (Type source, Type target, Location loc)
1203 39, loc, "as operator can not convert from `" +
1204 TypeManager.CSharpName (source) + "' to `" +
1205 TypeManager.CSharpName (target) + "'");
1208 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1210 Expression e = base.DoResolve (ec);
1216 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1217 Type etype = expr.Type;
1219 if (TypeManager.IsValueType (probe_type)){
1220 Report.Error (77, loc, "The as operator should be used with a reference type only (" +
1221 TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type) + " is a value type)");
1226 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, expr, probe_type, loc);
1233 if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (etype, probe_type)){
1238 Error_CannotConvertType (etype, probe_type, loc);
1244 /// This represents a typecast in the source language.
1246 /// FIXME: Cast expressions have an unusual set of parsing
1247 /// rules, we need to figure those out.
1249 public class Cast : Expression {
1250 Expression target_type;
1253 public Cast (Expression cast_type, Expression expr, Location loc)
1255 this.target_type = cast_type;
1260 public Expression TargetType {
1266 public Expression Expr {
1275 bool CheckRange (EmitContext ec, long value, Type type, long min, long max)
1277 if (!ec.ConstantCheckState)
1280 if ((value < min) || (value > max)) {
1281 Error (221, "Constant value `" + value + "' cannot be converted " +
1282 "to a `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "' (use `unchecked' " +
1283 "syntax to override)");
1290 bool CheckRange (EmitContext ec, ulong value, Type type, ulong max)
1292 if (!ec.ConstantCheckState)
1296 Error (221, "Constant value `" + value + "' cannot be converted " +
1297 "to a `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "' (use `unchecked' " +
1298 "syntax to override)");
1305 bool CheckUnsigned (EmitContext ec, long value, Type type)
1307 if (!ec.ConstantCheckState)
1311 Error (221, "Constant value `" + value + "' cannot be converted " +
1312 "to a `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "' (use `unchecked' " +
1313 "syntax to override)");
1321 /// Attempts to do a compile-time folding of a constant cast.
1323 Expression TryReduce (EmitContext ec, Type target_type)
1325 Expression real_expr = expr;
1326 if (real_expr is EnumConstant)
1327 real_expr = ((EnumConstant) real_expr).Child;
1329 if (real_expr is ByteConstant){
1330 byte v = ((ByteConstant) real_expr).Value;
1332 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1333 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1335 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1337 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1338 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1339 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1340 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1341 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1342 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1343 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1344 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1345 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1346 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1347 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1348 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1349 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1350 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1351 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1352 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1353 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1354 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1355 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1356 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1358 if (real_expr is SByteConstant){
1359 sbyte v = ((SByteConstant) real_expr).Value;
1361 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1362 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1364 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1366 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1367 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1368 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1369 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1371 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1372 } if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1373 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1374 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1375 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1377 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1378 } if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1379 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1380 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
1381 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1383 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1385 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1386 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1387 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1388 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1389 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1390 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1392 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1394 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1395 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1397 if (real_expr is ShortConstant){
1398 short v = ((ShortConstant) real_expr).Value;
1400 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1401 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1403 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1405 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1406 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1408 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1410 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1411 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1413 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1415 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1416 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1417 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1418 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1420 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1422 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1423 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1424 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
1425 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1427 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1429 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1430 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1431 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1432 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1433 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1434 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1436 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1438 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1439 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1441 if (real_expr is UShortConstant){
1442 ushort v = ((UShortConstant) real_expr).Value;
1444 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1445 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1447 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1449 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1450 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1452 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1454 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1455 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1457 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1459 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1460 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1461 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1462 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1463 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1464 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1465 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1466 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1467 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1468 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1469 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1470 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1471 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1472 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1474 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1476 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1477 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1479 if (real_expr is IntConstant){
1480 int v = ((IntConstant) real_expr).Value;
1482 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1483 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1485 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1487 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1488 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1490 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1492 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1493 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1495 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1497 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1498 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt16.MinValue, UInt16.MaxValue))
1500 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1502 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1503 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int32.MinValue, Int32.MaxValue))
1505 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1507 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1508 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1509 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
1510 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1512 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1514 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1515 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1516 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1517 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1518 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1519 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1521 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1523 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1524 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1526 if (real_expr is UIntConstant){
1527 uint v = ((UIntConstant) real_expr).Value;
1529 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1530 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1532 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1534 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1535 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1537 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1539 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1540 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1542 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1544 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1545 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt16.MinValue, UInt16.MaxValue))
1547 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1549 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
1550 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int32.MinValue, Int32.MaxValue))
1552 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1554 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1555 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1556 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1557 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1558 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1559 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1560 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1561 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1562 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1563 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1565 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1567 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1568 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1570 if (real_expr is LongConstant){
1571 long v = ((LongConstant) real_expr).Value;
1573 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1574 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1576 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1578 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1579 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1581 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1583 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1584 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1586 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1588 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1589 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt16.MinValue, UInt16.MaxValue))
1591 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1593 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
1594 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int32.MinValue, Int32.MaxValue))
1596 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1598 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1599 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt32.MinValue, UInt32.MaxValue))
1601 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1603 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
1604 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1606 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1608 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1609 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1610 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1611 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1612 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1613 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1615 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1617 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1618 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1620 if (real_expr is ULongConstant){
1621 ulong v = ((ULongConstant) real_expr).Value;
1623 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1624 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MaxValue))
1626 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1628 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1629 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, (ulong) SByte.MaxValue))
1631 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1633 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1634 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, (ulong) Int16.MaxValue))
1636 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1638 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1639 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt16.MaxValue))
1641 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1643 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
1644 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int32.MaxValue))
1646 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1648 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1649 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt32.MaxValue))
1651 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1653 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) {
1654 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, (ulong) Int64.MaxValue))
1656 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1658 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1659 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1660 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1661 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1662 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1663 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MaxValue))
1665 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1667 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1668 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1670 if (real_expr is FloatConstant){
1671 float v = ((FloatConstant) real_expr).Value;
1673 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
1674 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1675 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1676 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1677 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1678 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1679 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1680 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1681 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1682 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1683 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1684 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1685 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1686 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1687 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1688 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1689 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1690 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1691 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1692 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1693 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1694 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1696 if (real_expr is DoubleConstant){
1697 double v = ((DoubleConstant) real_expr).Value;
1699 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
1700 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1701 } if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1702 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1703 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1704 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1705 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1706 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1707 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1708 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1709 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1710 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1711 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1712 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1713 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1714 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1715 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1716 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1717 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1718 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1719 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1720 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1723 if (real_expr is CharConstant){
1724 char v = ((CharConstant) real_expr).Value;
1726 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1727 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1729 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1731 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1732 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1734 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1736 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1737 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1739 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1741 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1742 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1743 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1744 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1745 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1746 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1747 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1748 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1749 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1750 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1751 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1752 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1753 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1754 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1756 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1758 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1759 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1765 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1767 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1771 TypeExpr target = target_type.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
1775 type = target.ResolveType (ec);
1777 CheckObsoleteAttribute (type);
1779 if (type.IsAbstract && type.IsSealed) {
1780 Report.Error (716, loc, "Cannot convert to static type '{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1784 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1786 if (expr is Constant){
1787 Expression e = TryReduce (ec, type);
1793 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe) {
1797 expr = Convert.ExplicitConversion (ec, expr, type, loc);
1801 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1804 // This one will never happen
1806 throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
1811 /// Binary operators
1813 public class Binary : Expression {
1814 public enum Operator : byte {
1815 Multiply, Division, Modulus,
1816 Addition, Subtraction,
1817 LeftShift, RightShift,
1818 LessThan, GreaterThan, LessThanOrEqual, GreaterThanOrEqual,
1819 Equality, Inequality,
1829 Expression left, right;
1831 // This must be kept in sync with Operator!!!
1832 public static readonly string [] oper_names;
1836 oper_names = new string [(int) Operator.TOP];
1838 oper_names [(int) Operator.Multiply] = "op_Multiply";
1839 oper_names [(int) Operator.Division] = "op_Division";
1840 oper_names [(int) Operator.Modulus] = "op_Modulus";
1841 oper_names [(int) Operator.Addition] = "op_Addition";
1842 oper_names [(int) Operator.Subtraction] = "op_Subtraction";
1843 oper_names [(int) Operator.LeftShift] = "op_LeftShift";
1844 oper_names [(int) Operator.RightShift] = "op_RightShift";
1845 oper_names [(int) Operator.LessThan] = "op_LessThan";
1846 oper_names [(int) Operator.GreaterThan] = "op_GreaterThan";
1847 oper_names [(int) Operator.LessThanOrEqual] = "op_LessThanOrEqual";
1848 oper_names [(int) Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual] = "op_GreaterThanOrEqual";
1849 oper_names [(int) Operator.Equality] = "op_Equality";
1850 oper_names [(int) Operator.Inequality] = "op_Inequality";
1851 oper_names [(int) Operator.BitwiseAnd] = "op_BitwiseAnd";
1852 oper_names [(int) Operator.BitwiseOr] = "op_BitwiseOr";
1853 oper_names [(int) Operator.ExclusiveOr] = "op_ExclusiveOr";
1854 oper_names [(int) Operator.LogicalOr] = "op_LogicalOr";
1855 oper_names [(int) Operator.LogicalAnd] = "op_LogicalAnd";
1858 public Binary (Operator oper, Expression left, Expression right, Location loc)
1866 public Operator Oper {
1875 public Expression Left {
1884 public Expression Right {
1895 /// Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
1897 static string OperName (Operator oper)
1900 case Operator.Multiply:
1902 case Operator.Division:
1904 case Operator.Modulus:
1906 case Operator.Addition:
1908 case Operator.Subtraction:
1910 case Operator.LeftShift:
1912 case Operator.RightShift:
1914 case Operator.LessThan:
1916 case Operator.GreaterThan:
1918 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
1920 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
1922 case Operator.Equality:
1924 case Operator.Inequality:
1926 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
1928 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
1930 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
1932 case Operator.LogicalOr:
1934 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
1938 return oper.ToString ();
1941 public override string ToString ()
1943 return "operator " + OperName (oper) + "(" + left.ToString () + ", " +
1944 right.ToString () + ")";
1947 Expression ForceConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression expr, Type target_type)
1949 if (expr.Type == target_type)
1952 return Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
1955 public static void Error_OperatorAmbiguous (Location loc, Operator oper, Type l, Type r)
1958 34, loc, "Operator `" + OperName (oper)
1959 + "' is ambiguous on operands of type `"
1960 + TypeManager.CSharpName (l) + "' "
1961 + "and `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (r)
1965 bool IsOfType (EmitContext ec, Type l, Type r, Type t, bool check_user_conversions)
1967 if ((l == t) || (r == t))
1970 if (!check_user_conversions)
1973 if (Convert.ImplicitUserConversionExists (ec, l, t))
1975 else if (Convert.ImplicitUserConversionExists (ec, r, t))
1982 // Note that handling the case l == Decimal || r == Decimal
1983 // is taken care of by the Step 1 Operator Overload resolution.
1985 // If `check_user_conv' is true, we also check whether a user-defined conversion
1986 // exists. Note that we only need to do this if both arguments are of a user-defined
1987 // type, otherwise ConvertImplict() already finds the user-defined conversion for us,
1988 // so we don't explicitly check for performance reasons.
1990 bool DoNumericPromotions (EmitContext ec, Type l, Type r, bool check_user_conv)
1992 if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.double_type, check_user_conv)){
1994 // If either operand is of type double, the other operand is
1995 // conveted to type double.
1997 if (r != TypeManager.double_type)
1998 right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
1999 if (l != TypeManager.double_type)
2000 left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
2002 type = TypeManager.double_type;
2003 } else if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.float_type, check_user_conv)){
2005 // if either operand is of type float, the other operand is
2006 // converted to type float.
2008 if (r != TypeManager.double_type)
2009 right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.float_type, loc);
2010 if (l != TypeManager.double_type)
2011 left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.float_type, loc);
2012 type = TypeManager.float_type;
2013 } else if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.uint64_type, check_user_conv)){
2017 // If either operand is of type ulong, the other operand is
2018 // converted to type ulong. or an error ocurrs if the other
2019 // operand is of type sbyte, short, int or long
2021 if (l == TypeManager.uint64_type){
2022 if (r != TypeManager.uint64_type){
2023 if (right is IntConstant){
2024 IntConstant ic = (IntConstant) right;
2026 e = Convert.TryImplicitIntConversion (l, ic);
2029 } else if (right is LongConstant){
2030 long ll = ((LongConstant) right).Value;
2033 right = new ULongConstant ((ulong) ll);
2035 e = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (ec, right, l, loc);
2042 if (left is IntConstant){
2043 e = Convert.TryImplicitIntConversion (r, (IntConstant) left);
2046 } else if (left is LongConstant){
2047 long ll = ((LongConstant) left).Value;
2050 left = new ULongConstant ((ulong) ll);
2052 e = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (ec, left, r, loc);
2059 if ((other == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
2060 (other == TypeManager.short_type) ||
2061 (other == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
2062 (other == TypeManager.int64_type))
2063 Error_OperatorAmbiguous (loc, oper, l, r);
2065 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint64_type);
2066 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.uint64_type);
2068 type = TypeManager.uint64_type;
2069 } else if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.int64_type, check_user_conv)){
2071 // If either operand is of type long, the other operand is converted
2074 if (l != TypeManager.int64_type)
2075 left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
2076 if (r != TypeManager.int64_type)
2077 right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
2079 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
2080 } else if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.uint32_type, check_user_conv)){
2082 // If either operand is of type uint, and the other
2083 // operand is of type sbyte, short or int, othe operands are
2084 // converted to type long (unless we have an int constant).
2088 if (l == TypeManager.uint32_type){
2089 if (right is IntConstant){
2090 IntConstant ic = (IntConstant) right;
2094 right = new UIntConstant ((uint) val);
2101 } else if (r == TypeManager.uint32_type){
2102 if (left is IntConstant){
2103 IntConstant ic = (IntConstant) left;
2107 left = new UIntConstant ((uint) val);
2116 if ((other == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
2117 (other == TypeManager.short_type) ||
2118 (other == TypeManager.int32_type)){
2119 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type);
2120 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int64_type);
2121 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
2124 // if either operand is of type uint, the other
2125 // operand is converd to type uint
2127 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint32_type);
2128 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.uint32_type);
2129 type = TypeManager.uint32_type;
2131 } else if (l == TypeManager.decimal_type || r == TypeManager.decimal_type){
2132 if (l != TypeManager.decimal_type)
2133 left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.decimal_type, loc);
2135 if (r != TypeManager.decimal_type)
2136 right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.decimal_type, loc);
2137 type = TypeManager.decimal_type;
2139 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int32_type);
2140 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int32_type);
2142 type = TypeManager.int32_type;
2145 return (left != null) && (right != null);
2148 static public void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (Location loc, string name, Type l, Type r)
2150 Report.Error (19, loc,
2151 "Operator " + name + " cannot be applied to operands of type `" +
2152 TypeManager.CSharpName (l) + "' and `" +
2153 TypeManager.CSharpName (r) + "'");
2156 void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ()
2158 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (loc, OperName (oper), left.Type, right.Type);
2161 static bool is_unsigned (Type t)
2163 return (t == TypeManager.uint32_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
2164 t == TypeManager.short_type || t == TypeManager.byte_type);
2167 static bool is_user_defined (Type t)
2169 if (t.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.value_type) &&
2170 (!TypeManager.IsBuiltinType (t) || t == TypeManager.decimal_type))
2176 Expression Make32or64 (EmitContext ec, Expression e)
2180 if (t == TypeManager.int32_type || t == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
2181 t == TypeManager.int64_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
2183 Expression ee = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
2186 ee = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.uint32_type, loc);
2189 ee = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
2192 ee = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.uint64_type, loc);
2198 Expression CheckShiftArguments (EmitContext ec)
2202 e = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int32_type);
2204 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2209 if (((e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int32_type, loc)) != null) ||
2210 ((e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint32_type, loc)) != null) ||
2211 ((e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type, loc)) != null) ||
2212 ((e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint64_type, loc)) != null)){
2216 if (type == TypeManager.int32_type || type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
2217 right = new Binary (Binary.Operator.BitwiseAnd, right, new IntLiteral (31), loc);
2218 right = right.DoResolve (ec);
2220 right = new Binary (Binary.Operator.BitwiseAnd, right, new IntLiteral (63), loc);
2221 right = right.DoResolve (ec);
2226 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2230 Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
2233 Type r = right.Type;
2236 // Special cases: string comapred to null
2238 if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality){
2239 if ((!TypeManager.IsValueType (l) && (right is NullLiteral)) ||
2240 (!TypeManager.IsValueType (r) && (left is NullLiteral))) {
2241 Type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2247 if (l == TypeManager.intptr_type && r == TypeManager.intptr_type) {
2248 Type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2255 // Do not perform operator overload resolution when both sides are
2258 if (!(TypeManager.IsCLRType (l) && TypeManager.IsCLRType (r))){
2260 // Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
2262 Expression left_expr, right_expr;
2264 string op = oper_names [(int) oper];
2266 MethodGroupExpr union;
2267 left_expr = MemberLookup (ec, l, op, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
2269 right_expr = MemberLookup (
2270 ec, r, op, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
2271 union = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (left_expr, right_expr, loc);
2273 union = (MethodGroupExpr) left_expr;
2275 if (union != null) {
2276 ArrayList args = new ArrayList (2);
2277 args.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
2278 args.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
2280 MethodBase method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
2281 ec, union, args, true, Location.Null);
2283 if (method != null) {
2284 MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) method;
2286 return new BinaryMethod (mi.ReturnType, method, args);
2292 // Step 0: String concatenation (because overloading will get this wrong)
2294 if (oper == Operator.Addition){
2296 // If any of the arguments is a string, cast to string
2299 // Simple constant folding
2300 if (left is StringConstant && right is StringConstant)
2301 return new StringConstant (((StringConstant) left).Value + ((StringConstant) right).Value);
2303 if (l == TypeManager.string_type || r == TypeManager.string_type) {
2305 if (r == TypeManager.void_type || l == TypeManager.void_type) {
2306 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2310 // try to fold it in on the left
2311 if (left is StringConcat) {
2314 // We have to test here for not-null, since we can be doubly-resolved
2315 // take care of not appending twice
2318 type = TypeManager.string_type;
2319 ((StringConcat) left).Append (ec, right);
2320 return left.Resolve (ec);
2326 // Otherwise, start a new concat expression
2327 return new StringConcat (ec, loc, left, right).Resolve (ec);
2331 // Transform a + ( - b) into a - b
2333 if (right is Unary){
2334 Unary right_unary = (Unary) right;
2336 if (right_unary.Oper == Unary.Operator.UnaryNegation){
2337 oper = Operator.Subtraction;
2338 right = right_unary.Expr;
2344 if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality){
2345 if (l == TypeManager.bool_type || r == TypeManager.bool_type){
2346 if (r != TypeManager.bool_type || l != TypeManager.bool_type){
2347 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2351 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2356 // operator != (object a, object b)
2357 // operator == (object a, object b)
2359 // For this to be used, both arguments have to be reference-types.
2360 // Read the rationale on the spec (14.9.6)
2362 // Also, if at compile time we know that the classes do not inherit
2363 // one from the other, then we catch the error there.
2365 if (!(l.IsValueType || r.IsValueType)){
2366 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2371 if (l.IsSubclassOf (r) || r.IsSubclassOf (l))
2375 // Also, a standard conversion must exist from either one
2377 if (!(Convert.ImplicitStandardConversionExists (ec, left, r) ||
2378 Convert.ImplicitStandardConversionExists (ec, right, l))){
2379 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2383 // We are going to have to convert to an object to compare
2385 if (l != TypeManager.object_type)
2386 left = new EmptyCast (left, TypeManager.object_type);
2387 if (r != TypeManager.object_type)
2388 right = new EmptyCast (right, TypeManager.object_type);
2391 // FIXME: CSC here catches errors cs254 and cs252
2397 // One of them is a valuetype, but the other one is not.
2399 if (!l.IsValueType || !r.IsValueType) {
2400 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2405 // Only perform numeric promotions on:
2406 // +, -, *, /, %, &, |, ^, ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
2408 if (oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction) {
2409 if (l.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type)){
2410 if (((right.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup) ||
2411 (r == TypeManager.anonymous_method_type))){
2412 if ((RootContext.Version != LanguageVersion.ISO_1)){
2413 Expression tmp = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, right, l, loc);
2421 if (r.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type)){
2423 ArrayList args = new ArrayList (2);
2425 args = new ArrayList (2);
2426 args.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
2427 args.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
2429 if (oper == Operator.Addition)
2430 method = TypeManager.delegate_combine_delegate_delegate;
2432 method = TypeManager.delegate_remove_delegate_delegate;
2435 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2439 return new BinaryDelegate (l, method, args);
2444 // Pointer arithmetic:
2446 // T* operator + (T* x, int y);
2447 // T* operator + (T* x, uint y);
2448 // T* operator + (T* x, long y);
2449 // T* operator + (T* x, ulong y);
2451 // T* operator + (int y, T* x);
2452 // T* operator + (uint y, T *x);
2453 // T* operator + (long y, T *x);
2454 // T* operator + (ulong y, T *x);
2456 // T* operator - (T* x, int y);
2457 // T* operator - (T* x, uint y);
2458 // T* operator - (T* x, long y);
2459 // T* operator - (T* x, ulong y);
2461 // long operator - (T* x, T *y)
2464 if (r.IsPointer && oper == Operator.Subtraction){
2466 return new PointerArithmetic (
2467 false, left, right, TypeManager.int64_type,
2470 Expression t = Make32or64 (ec, right);
2472 return new PointerArithmetic (oper == Operator.Addition, left, t, l, loc).Resolve (ec);
2474 } else if (r.IsPointer && oper == Operator.Addition){
2475 Expression t = Make32or64 (ec, left);
2477 return new PointerArithmetic (true, right, t, r, loc).Resolve (ec);
2482 // Enumeration operators
2484 bool lie = TypeManager.IsEnumType (l);
2485 bool rie = TypeManager.IsEnumType (r);
2489 // U operator - (E e, E f)
2491 if (oper == Operator.Subtraction){
2493 type = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (l);
2496 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2502 // operator + (E e, U x)
2503 // operator - (E e, U x)
2505 if (oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction){
2506 Type enum_type = lie ? l : r;
2507 Type other_type = lie ? r : l;
2508 Type underlying_type = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (enum_type);
2510 if (underlying_type != other_type){
2511 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, lie ? right : left, underlying_type, loc);
2521 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2530 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, l, loc);
2534 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2538 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, r, loc);
2543 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2548 if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality ||
2549 oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual || oper == Operator.LessThan ||
2550 oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual || oper == Operator.GreaterThan){
2551 if (left.Type != right.Type){
2552 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2555 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2559 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd ||
2560 oper == Operator.BitwiseOr ||
2561 oper == Operator.ExclusiveOr){
2565 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2569 if (oper == Operator.LeftShift || oper == Operator.RightShift)
2570 return CheckShiftArguments (ec);
2572 if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr || oper == Operator.LogicalAnd){
2573 if (l == TypeManager.bool_type && r == TypeManager.bool_type) {
2574 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2579 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2583 Expression e = new ConditionalLogicalOperator (
2584 oper == Operator.LogicalAnd, left, right, l, loc);
2585 return e.Resolve (ec);
2589 // operator & (bool x, bool y)
2590 // operator | (bool x, bool y)
2591 // operator ^ (bool x, bool y)
2593 if (l == TypeManager.bool_type && r == TypeManager.bool_type){
2594 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd ||
2595 oper == Operator.BitwiseOr ||
2596 oper == Operator.ExclusiveOr){
2603 // Pointer comparison
2605 if (l.IsPointer && r.IsPointer){
2606 if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality ||
2607 oper == Operator.LessThan || oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual ||
2608 oper == Operator.GreaterThan || oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual){
2609 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2615 // This will leave left or right set to null if there is an error
2617 bool check_user_conv = is_user_defined (l) && is_user_defined (r);
2618 DoNumericPromotions (ec, l, r, check_user_conv);
2619 if (left == null || right == null){
2620 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (loc, OperName (oper), l, r);
2625 // reload our cached types if required
2630 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd ||
2631 oper == Operator.BitwiseOr ||
2632 oper == Operator.ExclusiveOr){
2634 if (((l == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
2635 (l == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
2636 (l == TypeManager.short_type) ||
2637 (l == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
2638 (l == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
2639 (l == TypeManager.uint64_type))){
2642 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2646 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2651 if (oper == Operator.Equality ||
2652 oper == Operator.Inequality ||
2653 oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual ||
2654 oper == Operator.LessThan ||
2655 oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual ||
2656 oper == Operator.GreaterThan){
2657 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2663 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
2665 if ((oper == Operator.Subtraction) && (left is ParenthesizedExpression)) {
2666 left = ((ParenthesizedExpression) left).Expr;
2667 left = left.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type);
2671 if (left.eclass == ExprClass.Type) {
2672 Error (75, "Casting a negative value needs to have the value in parentheses.");
2676 left = left.Resolve (ec);
2677 right = right.Resolve (ec);
2679 if (left == null || right == null)
2682 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
2684 Constant rc = right as Constant;
2685 Constant lc = left as Constant;
2687 if (rc != null & lc != null){
2688 Expression e = ConstantFold.BinaryFold (
2689 ec, oper, lc, rc, loc);
2694 return ResolveOperator (ec);
2698 /// EmitBranchable is called from Statement.EmitBoolExpression in the
2699 /// context of a conditional bool expression. This function will return
2700 /// false if it is was possible to use EmitBranchable, or true if it was.
2702 /// The expression's code is generated, and we will generate a branch to `target'
2703 /// if the resulting expression value is equal to isTrue
2705 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool onTrue)
2707 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
2710 // This is more complicated than it looks, but its just to avoid
2711 // duplicated tests: basically, we allow ==, !=, >, <, >= and <=
2712 // but on top of that we want for == and != to use a special path
2713 // if we are comparing against null
2715 if ((oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality) && (left is Constant || right is Constant)) {
2716 bool my_on_true = oper == Operator.Inequality ? onTrue : !onTrue;
2719 // put the constant on the rhs, for simplicity
2721 if (left is Constant) {
2722 Expression swap = right;
2727 if (((Constant) right).IsZeroInteger) {
2730 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brtrue, target);
2732 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
2735 } else if (right is BoolConstant) {
2737 if (my_on_true != ((BoolConstant) right).Value)
2738 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brtrue, target);
2740 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
2745 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
2748 Label tests_end = ig.DefineLabel ();
2750 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, false);
2751 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
2752 ig.MarkLabel (tests_end);
2754 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
2755 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
2760 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr){
2762 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
2763 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
2766 Label tests_end = ig.DefineLabel ();
2767 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, true);
2768 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
2769 ig.MarkLabel (tests_end);
2774 } else if (!(oper == Operator.LessThan || oper == Operator.GreaterThan ||
2775 oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual || oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual ||
2776 oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality)) {
2777 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, onTrue);
2785 bool isUnsigned = is_unsigned (t) || t == TypeManager.double_type || t == TypeManager.float_type;
2788 case Operator.Equality:
2790 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
2792 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
2795 case Operator.Inequality:
2797 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
2799 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
2802 case Operator.LessThan:
2805 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
2807 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
2810 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
2812 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
2815 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2818 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
2820 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
2823 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
2825 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
2828 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2831 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
2833 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
2836 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
2838 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
2842 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2845 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
2847 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
2850 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
2852 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
2855 Console.WriteLine (oper);
2856 throw new Exception ("what is THAT");
2860 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
2862 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
2867 // Handle short-circuit operators differently
2870 if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
2871 Label load_zero = ig.DefineLabel ();
2872 Label end = ig.DefineLabel ();
2874 left.EmitBranchable (ec, load_zero, false);
2876 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end);
2878 ig.MarkLabel (load_zero);
2879 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2882 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr) {
2883 Label load_one = ig.DefineLabel ();
2884 Label end = ig.DefineLabel ();
2886 left.EmitBranchable (ec, load_one, true);
2888 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end);
2890 ig.MarkLabel (load_one);
2891 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
2899 bool isUnsigned = is_unsigned (left.Type);
2902 case Operator.Multiply:
2904 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2905 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf;
2906 else if (isUnsigned)
2907 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un;
2909 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2911 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2915 case Operator.Division:
2917 opcode = OpCodes.Div_Un;
2919 opcode = OpCodes.Div;
2922 case Operator.Modulus:
2924 opcode = OpCodes.Rem_Un;
2926 opcode = OpCodes.Rem;
2929 case Operator.Addition:
2931 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2932 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf;
2933 else if (isUnsigned)
2934 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf_Un;
2936 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
2938 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
2941 case Operator.Subtraction:
2943 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2944 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf;
2945 else if (isUnsigned)
2946 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf_Un;
2948 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2950 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2953 case Operator.RightShift:
2955 opcode = OpCodes.Shr_Un;
2957 opcode = OpCodes.Shr;
2960 case Operator.LeftShift:
2961 opcode = OpCodes.Shl;
2964 case Operator.Equality:
2965 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2968 case Operator.Inequality:
2969 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
2970 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2972 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2975 case Operator.LessThan:
2977 opcode = OpCodes.Clt_Un;
2979 opcode = OpCodes.Clt;
2982 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2984 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt_Un;
2986 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt;
2989 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2990 Type lt = left.Type;
2992 if (isUnsigned || (lt == TypeManager.double_type || lt == TypeManager.float_type))
2993 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
2995 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt);
2996 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2998 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
3001 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
3002 Type le = left.Type;
3004 if (isUnsigned || (le == TypeManager.double_type || le == TypeManager.float_type))
3005 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Clt_Un);
3007 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Clt);
3009 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
3011 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
3014 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
3015 opcode = OpCodes.Or;
3018 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
3019 opcode = OpCodes.And;
3022 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
3023 opcode = OpCodes.Xor;
3027 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
3028 + oper.ToString ());
3036 // Object created by Binary when the binary operator uses an method instead of being
3037 // a binary operation that maps to a CIL binary operation.
3039 public class BinaryMethod : Expression {
3040 public MethodBase method;
3041 public ArrayList Arguments;
3043 public BinaryMethod (Type t, MethodBase m, ArrayList args)
3048 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3051 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3056 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3058 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3060 if (Arguments != null)
3061 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments, false, null);
3063 if (method is MethodInfo)
3064 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
3066 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
3071 // Represents the operation a + b [+ c [+ d [+ ...]]], where a is a string
3072 // b, c, d... may be strings or objects.
3074 public class StringConcat : Expression {
3076 bool invalid = false;
3079 public StringConcat (EmitContext ec, Location loc, Expression left, Expression right)
3082 type = TypeManager.string_type;
3083 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3085 operands = new ArrayList (2);
3090 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3098 public void Append (EmitContext ec, Expression operand)
3103 if (operand is StringConstant && operands.Count != 0) {
3104 StringConstant last_operand = operands [operands.Count - 1] as StringConstant;
3105 if (last_operand != null) {
3106 operands [operands.Count - 1] = new StringConstant (last_operand.Value + ((StringConstant) operand).Value);
3112 // Conversion to object
3114 if (operand.Type != TypeManager.string_type) {
3115 Expression no = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, operand, TypeManager.object_type, loc);
3118 Binary.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (loc, "+", TypeManager.string_type, operand.Type);
3124 operands.Add (operand);
3127 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3129 MethodInfo concat_method = null;
3132 // Are we also concating objects?
3134 bool is_strings_only = true;
3137 // Do conversion to arguments; check for strings only
3139 for (int i = 0; i < operands.Count; i ++) {
3140 Expression e = (Expression) operands [i];
3141 is_strings_only &= e.Type == TypeManager.string_type;
3144 for (int i = 0; i < operands.Count; i ++) {
3145 Expression e = (Expression) operands [i];
3147 if (! is_strings_only && e.Type == TypeManager.string_type) {
3148 // need to make sure this is an object, because the EmitParams
3149 // method might look at the type of this expression, see it is a
3150 // string and emit a string [] when we want an object [];
3152 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.object_type, loc);
3154 operands [i] = new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression);
3158 // Find the right method
3160 switch (operands.Count) {
3163 // This should not be possible, because simple constant folding
3164 // is taken care of in the Binary code.
3166 throw new Exception ("how did you get here?");
3169 concat_method = is_strings_only ?
3170 TypeManager.string_concat_string_string :
3171 TypeManager.string_concat_object_object ;
3174 concat_method = is_strings_only ?
3175 TypeManager.string_concat_string_string_string :
3176 TypeManager.string_concat_object_object_object ;
3180 // There is not a 4 param overlaod for object (the one that there is
3181 // is actually a varargs methods, and is only in corlib because it was
3182 // introduced there before.).
3184 if (!is_strings_only)
3187 concat_method = TypeManager.string_concat_string_string_string_string;
3190 concat_method = is_strings_only ?
3191 TypeManager.string_concat_string_dot_dot_dot :
3192 TypeManager.string_concat_object_dot_dot_dot ;
3196 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, concat_method, operands, false, null);
3197 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, concat_method);
3202 // Object created with +/= on delegates
3204 public class BinaryDelegate : Expression {
3208 public BinaryDelegate (Type t, MethodInfo mi, ArrayList args)
3213 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3216 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3221 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3223 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3225 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, args, false, null);
3227 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
3228 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Castclass, type);
3231 public Expression Right {
3233 Argument arg = (Argument) args [1];
3238 public bool IsAddition {
3240 return method == TypeManager.delegate_combine_delegate_delegate;
3246 // User-defined conditional logical operator
3247 public class ConditionalLogicalOperator : Expression {
3248 Expression left, right;
3251 public ConditionalLogicalOperator (bool is_and, Expression left, Expression right, Type t, Location loc)
3254 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3258 this.is_and = is_and;
3261 protected void Error19 ()
3263 Binary.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (loc, is_and ? "&&" : "||", type, type);
3266 protected void Error218 ()
3268 Error (218, "The type ('" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "') must contain " +
3269 "declarations of operator true and operator false");
3272 Expression op_true, op_false, op;
3273 LocalTemporary left_temp;
3275 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3278 Expression operator_group;
3280 operator_group = MethodLookup (ec, type, is_and ? "op_BitwiseAnd" : "op_BitwiseOr", loc);
3281 if (operator_group == null) {
3286 left_temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
3288 ArrayList arguments = new ArrayList ();
3289 arguments.Add (new Argument (left_temp, Argument.AType.Expression));
3290 arguments.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
3291 method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
3292 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) operator_group, arguments, false, loc)
3294 if ((method == null) || (method.ReturnType != type)) {
3299 op = new StaticCallExpr (method, arguments, loc);
3301 op_true = GetOperatorTrue (ec, left_temp, loc);
3302 op_false = GetOperatorFalse (ec, left_temp, loc);
3303 if ((op_true == null) || (op_false == null)) {
3311 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3313 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3314 Label false_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
3315 Label end_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
3318 left_temp.Store (ec);
3320 (is_and ? op_false : op_true).EmitBranchable (ec, false_target, false);
3321 left_temp.Emit (ec);
3322 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end_target);
3323 ig.MarkLabel (false_target);
3325 ig.MarkLabel (end_target);
3329 public class PointerArithmetic : Expression {
3330 Expression left, right;
3334 // We assume that `l' is always a pointer
3336 public PointerArithmetic (bool is_addition, Expression l, Expression r, Type t, Location loc)
3342 is_add = is_addition;
3345 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3347 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3349 if (left.Type == TypeManager.void_ptr_type) {
3350 Error (242, "The operation in question is undefined on void pointers");
3357 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3359 Type op_type = left.Type;
3360 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3361 Type element = TypeManager.GetElementType (op_type);
3362 int size = GetTypeSize (element);
3363 Type rtype = right.Type;
3365 if (rtype.IsPointer){
3367 // handle (pointer - pointer)
3371 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
3375 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
3377 IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, size);
3378 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Div);
3380 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
3383 // handle + and - on (pointer op int)
3386 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
3390 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
3392 IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, size);
3393 if (rtype == TypeManager.int64_type)
3394 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
3395 else if (rtype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
3396 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U8);
3397 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Mul);
3400 if (rtype == TypeManager.int64_type || rtype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
3401 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
3404 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
3406 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
3412 /// Implements the ternary conditional operator (?:)
3414 public class Conditional : Expression {
3415 Expression expr, trueExpr, falseExpr;
3417 public Conditional (Expression expr, Expression trueExpr, Expression falseExpr, Location l)
3420 this.trueExpr = trueExpr;
3421 this.falseExpr = falseExpr;
3425 public Expression Expr {
3431 public Expression TrueExpr {
3437 public Expression FalseExpr {
3443 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3445 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
3450 if (expr.Type != TypeManager.bool_type){
3451 expr = Expression.ResolveBoolean (
3458 trueExpr = trueExpr.Resolve (ec);
3459 falseExpr = falseExpr.Resolve (ec);
3461 if (trueExpr == null || falseExpr == null)
3464 if ((trueExpr is NullLiteral) && (falseExpr is NullLiteral))
3467 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3468 if (trueExpr.Type == falseExpr.Type)
3469 type = trueExpr.Type;
3472 Type true_type = trueExpr.Type;
3473 Type false_type = falseExpr.Type;
3476 // First, if an implicit conversion exists from trueExpr
3477 // to falseExpr, then the result type is of type falseExpr.Type
3479 conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, trueExpr, false_type, loc);
3482 // Check if both can convert implicitl to each other's type
3484 if (Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, falseExpr, true_type, loc) != null){
3486 "Can not compute type of conditional expression " +
3487 "as `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (trueExpr.Type) +
3488 "' and `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (falseExpr.Type) +
3489 "' convert implicitly to each other");
3494 } else if ((conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion(ec, falseExpr, true_type,loc))!= null){
3498 Error (173, "The type of the conditional expression can " +
3499 "not be computed because there is no implicit conversion" +
3500 " from `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (trueExpr.Type) + "'" +
3501 " and `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (falseExpr.Type) + "'");
3506 if (expr is BoolConstant){
3507 BoolConstant bc = (BoolConstant) expr;
3518 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3520 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3521 Label false_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
3522 Label end_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
3524 expr.EmitBranchable (ec, false_target, false);
3526 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end_target);
3527 ig.MarkLabel (false_target);
3528 falseExpr.Emit (ec);
3529 ig.MarkLabel (end_target);
3537 public class LocalVariableReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation, IVariable {
3538 public readonly string Name;
3539 public readonly Block Block;
3540 public LocalInfo local_info;
3543 LocalTemporary temp;
3545 public LocalVariableReference (Block block, string name, Location l)
3550 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3554 // Setting `is_readonly' to false will allow you to create a writable
3555 // reference to a read-only variable. This is used by foreach and using.
3557 public LocalVariableReference (Block block, string name, Location l,
3558 LocalInfo local_info, bool is_readonly)
3559 : this (block, name, l)
3561 this.local_info = local_info;
3562 this.is_readonly = is_readonly;
3565 public VariableInfo VariableInfo {
3567 return local_info.VariableInfo;
3571 public bool IsReadOnly {
3577 protected Expression DoResolveBase (EmitContext ec, Expression lvalue_right_side)
3579 if (local_info == null) {
3580 local_info = Block.GetLocalInfo (Name);
3581 is_readonly = local_info.ReadOnly;
3584 type = local_info.VariableType;
3586 VariableInfo variable_info = local_info.VariableInfo;
3587 if (lvalue_right_side != null){
3589 Error (1604, "cannot assign to `" + Name + "' because it is readonly");
3593 if (variable_info != null)
3594 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
3597 Expression e = Block.GetConstantExpression (Name);
3599 local_info.Used = true;
3600 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3601 return e.Resolve (ec);
3604 if ((variable_info != null) && !variable_info.IsAssigned (ec, loc))
3607 if (lvalue_right_side == null)
3608 local_info.Used = true;
3610 if (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod != null){
3612 // If we are referencing a variable from the external block
3613 // flag it for capturing
3615 if (local_info.Block.Toplevel != ec.CurrentBlock.Toplevel){
3616 ec.CaptureVariable (local_info);
3617 //Console.WriteLine ("Capturing at " + loc);
3624 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3626 return DoResolveBase (ec, null);
3629 override public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
3631 Expression ret = DoResolveBase (ec, right_side);
3633 CheckObsoleteAttribute (ret.Type);
3638 public bool VerifyFixed (bool is_expression)
3640 return !is_expression || local_info.IsFixed;
3643 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3645 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3647 if (local_info.FieldBuilder == null){
3649 // A local variable on the local CLR stack
3651 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, local_info.LocalBuilder);
3654 // A local variable captured by anonymous methods.
3657 ec.EmitCapturedVariableInstance (local_info);
3659 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldfld, local_info.FieldBuilder);
3663 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
3667 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3668 if (local_info.FieldBuilder != null){
3669 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, Type);
3675 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
3677 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3678 prepared = prepare_for_load;
3680 if (local_info.FieldBuilder == null){
3682 // A local variable on the local CLR stack
3684 if (local_info.LocalBuilder == null)
3685 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: both Field and Local are null");
3689 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3690 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, local_info.LocalBuilder);
3693 // A local variable captured by anonymous methods or itereators.
3695 ec.EmitCapturedVariableInstance (local_info);
3697 if (prepare_for_load)
3698 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3701 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3702 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, Type);
3705 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stfld, local_info.FieldBuilder);
3711 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
3713 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3715 if (local_info.FieldBuilder == null){
3717 // A local variable on the local CLR stack
3719 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca, local_info.LocalBuilder);
3722 // A local variable captured by anonymous methods or iterators
3724 ec.EmitCapturedVariableInstance (local_info);
3725 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldflda, local_info.FieldBuilder);
3729 public override string ToString ()
3731 return String.Format ("{0} ({1}:{2})", GetType (), Name, loc);
3736 /// This represents a reference to a parameter in the intermediate
3739 public class ParameterReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation, IVariable {
3745 public Parameter.Modifier mod;
3746 public bool is_ref, is_out, prepared;
3760 LocalTemporary temp;
3762 public ParameterReference (Parameters pars, Block block, int idx, string name, Location loc)
3769 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3772 public VariableInfo VariableInfo {
3776 public bool VerifyFixed (bool is_expression)
3778 return !is_expression || TypeManager.IsValueType (type);
3781 public bool IsAssigned (EmitContext ec, Location loc)
3783 if (!ec.DoFlowAnalysis || !is_out || ec.CurrentBranching.IsAssigned (vi))
3786 Report.Error (165, loc,
3787 "Use of unassigned parameter `" + name + "'");
3791 public bool IsFieldAssigned (EmitContext ec, string field_name, Location loc)
3793 if (!ec.DoFlowAnalysis || !is_out || ec.CurrentBranching.IsFieldAssigned (vi, field_name))
3796 Report.Error (170, loc,
3797 "Use of possibly unassigned field `" + field_name + "'");
3801 public void SetAssigned (EmitContext ec)
3803 if (is_out && ec.DoFlowAnalysis)
3804 ec.CurrentBranching.SetAssigned (vi);
3807 public void SetFieldAssigned (EmitContext ec, string field_name)
3809 if (is_out && ec.DoFlowAnalysis)
3810 ec.CurrentBranching.SetFieldAssigned (vi, field_name);
3813 protected void DoResolveBase (EmitContext ec)
3815 type = pars.GetParameterInfo (ec, idx, out mod);
3816 is_ref = (mod & Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF) != 0;
3817 is_out = (mod & Parameter.Modifier.OUT) != 0;
3818 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3821 vi = block.ParameterMap [idx];
3823 if (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod != null){
3825 Report.Error (1628, Location,
3826 "Can not reference a ref or out parameter in an anonymous method");
3831 // If we are referencing the parameter from the external block
3832 // flag it for capturing
3834 //Console.WriteLine ("Is parameter `{0}' local? {1}", name, block.IsLocalParameter (name));
3835 if (!block.IsLocalParameter (name)){
3836 ec.CaptureParameter (name, type, idx);
3842 // Notice that for ref/out parameters, the type exposed is not the
3843 // same type exposed externally.
3846 // externally we expose "int&"
3847 // here we expose "int".
3849 // We record this in "is_ref". This means that the type system can treat
3850 // the type as it is expected, but when we generate the code, we generate
3851 // the alternate kind of code.
3853 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3857 if (is_out && ec.DoFlowAnalysis && !IsAssigned (ec, loc))
3860 if (ec.RemapToProxy)
3861 return ec.RemapParameter (idx);
3866 override public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
3872 if (ec.RemapToProxy)
3873 return ec.RemapParameterLValue (idx, right_side);
3878 static public void EmitLdArg (ILGenerator ig, int x)
3882 case 0: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0); break;
3883 case 1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_1); break;
3884 case 2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_2); break;
3885 case 3: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_3); break;
3886 default: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte) x); break;
3889 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg, x);
3893 // This method is used by parameters that are references, that are
3894 // being passed as references: we only want to pass the pointer (that
3895 // is already stored in the parameter, not the address of the pointer,
3896 // and not the value of the variable).
3898 public void EmitLoad (EmitContext ec)
3900 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3906 EmitLdArg (ig, arg_idx);
3909 // FIXME: Review for anonymous methods
3913 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3915 if (ec.HaveCaptureInfo && ec.IsParameterCaptured (name)){
3916 ec.EmitParameter (name);
3923 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
3925 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3931 EmitLdArg (ig, arg_idx);
3935 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3938 // If we are a reference, we loaded on the stack a pointer
3939 // Now lets load the real value
3941 LoadFromPtr (ig, type);
3945 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3948 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
3954 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
3956 if (ec.HaveCaptureInfo && ec.IsParameterCaptured (name)){
3957 ec.EmitAssignParameter (name, source, leave_copy, prepare_for_load);
3961 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3964 prepared = prepare_for_load;
3969 if (is_ref && !prepared)
3970 EmitLdArg (ig, arg_idx);
3975 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3979 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
3983 StoreFromPtr (ig, type);
3989 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg_S, (byte) arg_idx);
3991 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg, arg_idx);
3995 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
3997 if (ec.HaveCaptureInfo && ec.IsParameterCaptured (name)){
3998 ec.EmitAddressOfParameter (name);
4009 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte) arg_idx);
4011 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg, arg_idx);
4014 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga_S, (byte) arg_idx);
4016 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga, arg_idx);
4023 /// Used for arguments to New(), Invocation()
4025 public class Argument {
4026 public enum AType : byte {
4033 public readonly AType ArgType;
4034 public Expression Expr;
4036 public Argument (Expression expr, AType type)
4039 this.ArgType = type;
4042 public Argument (Expression expr)
4045 this.ArgType = AType.Expression;
4050 if (ArgType == AType.Ref || ArgType == AType.Out)
4051 return TypeManager.GetReferenceType (Expr.Type);
4057 public Parameter.Modifier GetParameterModifier ()
4061 return Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF;
4064 return Parameter.Modifier.REF | Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF;
4067 return Parameter.Modifier.NONE;
4071 public static string FullDesc (Argument a)
4073 if (a.ArgType == AType.ArgList)
4076 return (a.ArgType == AType.Ref ? "ref " :
4077 (a.ArgType == AType.Out ? "out " : "")) +
4078 TypeManager.CSharpName (a.Expr.Type);
4081 public bool ResolveMethodGroup (EmitContext ec, Location loc)
4083 // FIXME: csc doesn't report any error if you try to use `ref' or
4084 // `out' in a delegate creation expression.
4085 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.MethodGroup);
4092 public bool Resolve (EmitContext ec, Location loc)
4094 if (ArgType == AType.Ref) {
4095 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
4099 if (!ec.IsConstructor) {
4100 FieldExpr fe = Expr as FieldExpr;
4101 if (fe != null && fe.FieldInfo.IsInitOnly) {
4102 if (fe.FieldInfo.IsStatic)
4103 Report.Error (199, loc, "A static readonly field cannot be passed ref or out (except in a static constructor)");
4105 Report.Error (192, loc, "A readonly field cannot be passed ref or out (except in a constructor)");
4109 Expr = Expr.ResolveLValue (ec, Expr);
4110 } else if (ArgType == AType.Out)
4111 Expr = Expr.ResolveLValue (ec, EmptyExpression.Null);
4113 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
4118 if (ArgType == AType.Expression)
4122 // Catch errors where fields of a MarshalByRefObject are passed as ref or out
4123 // This is only allowed for `this'
4125 FieldExpr fe = Expr as FieldExpr;
4126 if (fe != null && !fe.IsStatic){
4127 Expression instance = fe.InstanceExpression;
4129 if (instance.GetType () != typeof (This)){
4130 if (fe.InstanceExpression.Type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.mbr_type)){
4131 Report.Error (197, loc,
4132 "Can not pass a type that derives from MarshalByRefObject with out or ref");
4139 if (Expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable){
4141 // We just probe to match the CSC output
4143 if (Expr.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess ||
4144 Expr.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess){
4147 "A property or indexer can not be passed as an out or ref " +
4152 "An lvalue is required as an argument to out or ref");
4160 public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4163 // Ref and Out parameters need to have their addresses taken.
4165 // ParameterReferences might already be references, so we want
4166 // to pass just the value
4168 if (ArgType == AType.Ref || ArgType == AType.Out){
4169 AddressOp mode = AddressOp.Store;
4171 if (ArgType == AType.Ref)
4172 mode |= AddressOp.Load;
4174 if (Expr is ParameterReference){
4175 ParameterReference pr = (ParameterReference) Expr;
4181 pr.AddressOf (ec, mode);
4184 ((IMemoryLocation)Expr).AddressOf (ec, mode);
4192 /// Invocation of methods or delegates.
4194 public class Invocation : ExpressionStatement {
4195 public readonly ArrayList Arguments;
4198 MethodBase method = null;
4200 static Hashtable method_parameter_cache;
4202 static Invocation ()
4204 method_parameter_cache = new PtrHashtable ();
4208 // arguments is an ArrayList, but we do not want to typecast,
4209 // as it might be null.
4211 // FIXME: only allow expr to be a method invocation or a
4212 // delegate invocation (7.5.5)
4214 public Invocation (Expression expr, ArrayList arguments, Location l)
4217 Arguments = arguments;
4221 public Expression Expr {
4228 /// Returns the Parameters (a ParameterData interface) for the
4231 public static ParameterData GetParameterData (MethodBase mb)
4233 object pd = method_parameter_cache [mb];
4237 return (ParameterData) pd;
4240 ip = TypeManager.LookupParametersByBuilder (mb);
4242 method_parameter_cache [mb] = ip;
4244 return (ParameterData) ip;
4246 ReflectionParameters rp = new ReflectionParameters (mb);
4247 method_parameter_cache [mb] = rp;
4249 return (ParameterData) rp;
4254 /// Determines "better conversion" as specified in 7.4.2.3
4256 /// Returns : p if a->p is better,
4257 /// q if a->q is better,
4258 /// null if neither is better
4260 static Type BetterConversion (EmitContext ec, Argument a, Type p, Type q, Location loc)
4262 Type argument_type = a.Type;
4263 Expression argument_expr = a.Expr;
4265 if (argument_type == null)
4266 throw new Exception ("Expression of type " + a.Expr +
4267 " does not resolve its type");
4269 if (p == null || q == null)
4270 throw new InternalErrorException ("BetterConversion Got a null conversion");
4275 if (argument_expr is NullLiteral) {
4277 // If the argument is null and one of the types to compare is 'object' and
4278 // the other is a reference type, we prefer the other.
4280 // This follows from the usual rules:
4281 // * There is an implicit conversion from 'null' to type 'object'
4282 // * There is an implicit conversion from 'null' to any reference type
4283 // * There is an implicit conversion from any reference type to type 'object'
4284 // * There is no implicit conversion from type 'object' to other reference types
4285 // => Conversion of 'null' to a reference type is better than conversion to 'object'
4287 // FIXME: This probably isn't necessary, since the type of a NullLiteral is 'System.Null'.
4288 // I think it used to be 'object' and thus needed a special case to avoid the
4289 // immediately following two checks.
4291 if (!p.IsValueType && q == TypeManager.object_type)
4293 if (!q.IsValueType && p == TypeManager.object_type)
4297 if (argument_type == p)
4300 if (argument_type == q)
4303 Expression p_tmp = new EmptyExpression (p);
4304 Expression q_tmp = new EmptyExpression (q);
4306 bool p_to_q = Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, p_tmp, q);
4307 bool q_to_p = Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, q_tmp, p);
4309 if (p_to_q && !q_to_p)
4312 if (q_to_p && !p_to_q)
4315 if (p == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
4316 if (q == TypeManager.byte_type || q == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
4317 q == TypeManager.uint32_type || q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4319 if (q == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
4320 if (p == TypeManager.byte_type || p == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
4321 p == TypeManager.uint32_type || p == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4324 if (p == TypeManager.short_type)
4325 if (q == TypeManager.ushort_type || q == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
4326 q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4328 if (q == TypeManager.short_type)
4329 if (p == TypeManager.ushort_type || p == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
4330 p == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4333 if (p == TypeManager.int32_type)
4334 if (q == TypeManager.uint32_type || q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4336 if (q == TypeManager.int32_type)
4337 if (p == TypeManager.uint32_type || p == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4340 if (p == TypeManager.int64_type)
4341 if (q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4343 if (q == TypeManager.int64_type)
4344 if (p == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4351 /// Determines "Better function" between candidate
4352 /// and the current best match
4355 /// Returns an integer indicating :
4356 /// false if candidate ain't better
4357 /// true if candidate is better than the current best match
4359 static bool BetterFunction (EmitContext ec, ArrayList args, int argument_count,
4360 MethodBase candidate, bool candidate_params,
4361 MethodBase best, bool best_params, Location loc)
4363 ParameterData candidate_pd = GetParameterData (candidate);
4364 ParameterData best_pd = GetParameterData (best);
4366 int cand_count = candidate_pd.Count;
4369 // If there is no best method, than this one
4370 // is better, however, if we already found a
4371 // best method, we cant tell. This happens
4382 // interface IFooBar : IFoo, IBar {}
4384 // We cant tell if IFoo.DoIt is better than IBar.DoIt
4386 // However, we have to consider that
4387 // Trim (); is better than Trim (params char[] chars);
4389 if (cand_count == 0 && argument_count == 0)
4390 return !candidate_params && best_params;
4392 if ((candidate_pd.ParameterModifier (cand_count - 1) != Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS) &&
4393 (candidate_pd.ParameterModifier (cand_count - 1) != Parameter.Modifier.ARGLIST))
4394 if (cand_count != argument_count)
4397 bool better_at_least_one = false;
4398 for (int j = 0; j < argument_count; ++j) {
4399 Argument a = (Argument) args [j];
4401 Type ct = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (candidate_pd.ParameterType (j));
4402 Type bt = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (best_pd.ParameterType (j));
4404 if (candidate_pd.ParameterModifier (j) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
4405 if (candidate_params)
4406 ct = TypeManager.GetElementType (ct);
4408 if (best_pd.ParameterModifier (j) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
4410 bt = TypeManager.GetElementType (bt);
4412 Type better = BetterConversion (ec, a, ct, bt, loc);
4414 // for each argument, the conversion to 'ct' should be no worse than
4415 // the conversion to 'bt'.
4419 // for at least one argument, the conversion to 'ct' should be better than
4420 // the conversion to 'bt'.
4422 better_at_least_one = true;
4426 // If a method (in the normal form) with the
4427 // same signature as the expanded form of the
4428 // current best params method already exists,
4429 // the expanded form is not applicable so we
4430 // force it to select the candidate
4432 if (!candidate_params && best_params && cand_count == argument_count)
4435 return better_at_least_one;
4438 public static string FullMethodDesc (MethodBase mb)
4440 string ret_type = "";
4445 if (mb is MethodInfo)
4446 ret_type = TypeManager.CSharpName (((MethodInfo) mb).ReturnType);
4448 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder (ret_type);
4450 sb.Append (mb.ReflectedType.ToString ());
4452 sb.Append (mb.Name);
4454 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (mb);
4456 int count = pd.Count;
4459 for (int i = count; i > 0; ) {
4462 sb.Append (pd.ParameterDesc (count - i - 1));
4468 return sb.ToString ();
4471 public static MethodGroupExpr MakeUnionSet (Expression mg1, Expression mg2, Location loc)
4473 MemberInfo [] miset;
4474 MethodGroupExpr union;
4479 return (MethodGroupExpr) mg2;
4482 return (MethodGroupExpr) mg1;
4485 MethodGroupExpr left_set = null, right_set = null;
4486 int length1 = 0, length2 = 0;
4488 left_set = (MethodGroupExpr) mg1;
4489 length1 = left_set.Methods.Length;
4491 right_set = (MethodGroupExpr) mg2;
4492 length2 = right_set.Methods.Length;
4494 ArrayList common = new ArrayList ();
4496 foreach (MethodBase r in right_set.Methods){
4497 if (TypeManager.ArrayContainsMethod (left_set.Methods, r))
4501 miset = new MemberInfo [length1 + length2 - common.Count];
4502 left_set.Methods.CopyTo (miset, 0);
4506 foreach (MethodBase r in right_set.Methods) {
4507 if (!common.Contains (r))
4511 union = new MethodGroupExpr (miset, loc);
4516 static bool IsParamsMethodApplicable (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
4517 ArrayList arguments, int arg_count,
4518 ref MethodBase candidate)
4520 return IsParamsMethodApplicable (
4521 ec, me, arguments, arg_count, false, ref candidate) ||
4522 IsParamsMethodApplicable (
4523 ec, me, arguments, arg_count, true, ref candidate);
4528 static bool IsParamsMethodApplicable (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
4529 ArrayList arguments, int arg_count,
4530 bool do_varargs, ref MethodBase candidate)
4532 return IsParamsMethodApplicable (
4533 ec, arguments, arg_count, candidate, do_varargs);
4537 /// Determines if the candidate method, if a params method, is applicable
4538 /// in its expanded form to the given set of arguments
4540 static bool IsParamsMethodApplicable (EmitContext ec, ArrayList arguments,
4541 int arg_count, MethodBase candidate,
4544 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (candidate);
4546 int pd_count = pd.Count;
4550 int count = pd_count - 1;
4552 if (pd.ParameterModifier (count) != Parameter.Modifier.ARGLIST)
4554 if (pd_count != arg_count)
4557 if (pd.ParameterModifier (count) != Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
4561 if (count > arg_count)
4564 if (pd_count == 1 && arg_count == 0)
4568 // If we have come this far, the case which
4569 // remains is when the number of parameters is
4570 // less than or equal to the argument count.
4572 for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
4574 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
4576 Parameter.Modifier a_mod = a.GetParameterModifier () &
4577 (unchecked (~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF)));
4578 Parameter.Modifier p_mod = pd.ParameterModifier (i) &
4579 (unchecked (~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF)));
4581 if (a_mod == p_mod) {
4583 if (a_mod == Parameter.Modifier.NONE)
4584 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec,
4586 pd.ParameterType (i)))
4589 if ((a_mod & Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF) != 0) {
4590 Type pt = pd.ParameterType (i);
4593 pt = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (pt);
4604 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [count];
4605 if (!(a.Expr is Arglist))
4611 Type element_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (pd.ParameterType (pd_count - 1));
4613 for (int i = pd_count - 1; i < arg_count; i++) {
4614 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
4616 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, a.Expr, element_type))
4623 static bool IsApplicable (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
4624 ArrayList arguments, int arg_count,
4625 ref MethodBase candidate)
4627 return IsApplicable (ec, arguments, arg_count, candidate);
4631 /// Determines if the candidate method is applicable (section 14.4.2.1)
4632 /// to the given set of arguments
4634 static bool IsApplicable (EmitContext ec, ArrayList arguments, int arg_count,
4635 MethodBase candidate)
4637 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (candidate);
4639 if (arg_count != pd.Count)
4642 for (int i = arg_count; i > 0; ) {
4645 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
4647 Parameter.Modifier a_mod = a.GetParameterModifier () &
4648 unchecked (~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF));
4649 Parameter.Modifier p_mod = pd.ParameterModifier (i) &
4650 unchecked (~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF));
4653 if (a_mod == p_mod ||
4654 (a_mod == Parameter.Modifier.NONE && p_mod == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)) {
4655 if (a_mod == Parameter.Modifier.NONE) {
4656 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec,
4658 pd.ParameterType (i)))
4662 if ((a_mod & Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF) != 0) {
4663 Type pt = pd.ParameterType (i);
4666 pt = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (pt);
4678 static private bool IsAncestralType (Type first_type, Type second_type)
4680 return first_type != second_type &&
4681 (second_type.IsSubclassOf (first_type) ||
4682 TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (second_type, first_type));
4686 /// Find the Applicable Function Members (7.4.2.1)
4688 /// me: Method Group expression with the members to select.
4689 /// it might contain constructors or methods (or anything
4690 /// that maps to a method).
4692 /// Arguments: ArrayList containing resolved Argument objects.
4694 /// loc: The location if we want an error to be reported, or a Null
4695 /// location for "probing" purposes.
4697 /// Returns: The MethodBase (either a ConstructorInfo or a MethodInfo)
4698 /// that is the best match of me on Arguments.
4701 public static MethodBase OverloadResolve (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
4702 ArrayList Arguments, bool may_fail,
4705 MethodBase method = null;
4706 bool method_params = false;
4707 Type applicable_type = null;
4709 ArrayList candidates = new ArrayList ();
4712 // Used to keep a map between the candidate
4713 // and whether it is being considered in its
4714 // normal or expanded form
4716 // false is normal form, true is expanded form
4718 Hashtable candidate_to_form = null;
4720 if (Arguments != null)
4721 arg_count = Arguments.Count;
4723 if ((me.Name == "Invoke") &&
4724 TypeManager.IsDelegateType (me.DeclaringType)) {
4725 Error_InvokeOnDelegate (loc);
4729 MethodBase[] methods = me.Methods;
4732 // First we construct the set of applicable methods
4734 bool is_sorted = true;
4735 for (int i = 0; i < methods.Length; i++){
4736 Type decl_type = methods [i].DeclaringType;
4739 // If we have already found an applicable method
4740 // we eliminate all base types (Section 14.5.5.1)
4742 if ((applicable_type != null) &&
4743 IsAncestralType (decl_type, applicable_type))
4747 // Check if candidate is applicable (section 14.4.2.1)
4748 // Is candidate applicable in normal form?
4750 bool is_applicable = IsApplicable (
4751 ec, me, Arguments, arg_count, ref methods [i]);
4753 if (!is_applicable &&
4754 (IsParamsMethodApplicable (
4755 ec, me, Arguments, arg_count, ref methods [i]))) {
4756 MethodBase candidate = methods [i];
4757 if (candidate_to_form == null)
4758 candidate_to_form = new PtrHashtable ();
4759 candidate_to_form [candidate] = candidate;
4760 // Candidate is applicable in expanded form
4761 is_applicable = true;
4767 candidates.Add (methods [i]);
4769 if (applicable_type == null)
4770 applicable_type = decl_type;
4771 else if (applicable_type != decl_type) {
4773 if (IsAncestralType (applicable_type, decl_type))
4774 applicable_type = decl_type;
4778 int candidate_top = candidates.Count;
4780 if (candidate_top == 0) {
4782 // Okay so we have failed to find anything so we
4783 // return by providing info about the closest match
4785 for (int i = 0; i < methods.Length; ++i) {
4786 MethodBase c = (MethodBase) methods [i];
4787 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (c);
4789 if (pd.Count != arg_count)
4792 VerifyArgumentsCompat (ec, Arguments, arg_count,
4793 c, false, null, may_fail, loc);
4798 string report_name = me.Name;
4799 if (report_name == ".ctor")
4800 report_name = me.DeclaringType.ToString ();
4802 Error_WrongNumArguments (
4803 loc, report_name, arg_count);
4812 // At this point, applicable_type is _one_ of the most derived types
4813 // in the set of types containing the methods in this MethodGroup.
4814 // Filter the candidates so that they only contain methods from the
4815 // most derived types.
4818 int finalized = 0; // Number of finalized candidates
4821 // Invariant: applicable_type is a most derived type
4823 // We'll try to complete Section 14.5.5.1 for 'applicable_type' by
4824 // eliminating all it's base types. At the same time, we'll also move
4825 // every unrelated type to the end of the array, and pick the next
4826 // 'applicable_type'.
4828 Type next_applicable_type = null;
4829 int j = finalized; // where to put the next finalized candidate
4830 int k = finalized; // where to put the next undiscarded candidate
4831 for (int i = finalized; i < candidate_top; ++i) {
4832 Type decl_type = ((MethodBase) candidates[i]).DeclaringType;
4834 if (decl_type == applicable_type) {
4835 candidates[k++] = candidates[j];
4836 candidates[j++] = candidates[i];
4840 if (IsAncestralType (decl_type, applicable_type))
4843 if (next_applicable_type != null &&
4844 IsAncestralType (decl_type, next_applicable_type))
4847 candidates[k++] = candidates[i];
4849 if (next_applicable_type == null ||
4850 IsAncestralType (next_applicable_type, decl_type))
4851 next_applicable_type = decl_type;
4854 applicable_type = next_applicable_type;
4857 } while (applicable_type != null);
4861 // Now we actually find the best method
4864 method = (MethodBase) candidates[0];
4865 method_params = candidate_to_form != null && candidate_to_form.Contains (method);
4866 for (int ix = 1; ix < candidate_top; ix++){
4867 MethodBase candidate = (MethodBase) candidates [ix];
4868 bool cand_params = candidate_to_form != null && candidate_to_form.Contains (candidate);
4870 if (BetterFunction (ec, Arguments, arg_count,
4871 candidate, cand_params,
4872 method, method_params, loc)) {
4874 method_params = cand_params;
4879 // Now check that there are no ambiguities i.e the selected method
4880 // should be better than all the others
4882 bool ambiguous = false;
4883 for (int ix = 0; ix < candidate_top; ix++){
4884 MethodBase candidate = (MethodBase) candidates [ix];
4886 if (candidate == method)
4889 bool cand_params = candidate_to_form != null && candidate_to_form.Contains (candidate);
4890 if (!BetterFunction (ec, Arguments, arg_count,
4891 method, method_params,
4892 candidate, cand_params,
4894 Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (candidate);
4900 Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (method);
4901 Report.Error (121, loc, "Ambiguous call when selecting function due to implicit casts");
4907 // And now check if the arguments are all
4908 // compatible, perform conversions if
4909 // necessary etc. and return if everything is
4912 if (!VerifyArgumentsCompat (ec, Arguments, arg_count, method,
4913 method_params, null, may_fail, loc))
4919 static void Error_WrongNumArguments (Location loc, String name, int arg_count)
4921 Report.Error (1501, loc,
4922 "No overload for method `" + name + "' takes `" +
4923 arg_count + "' arguments");
4926 static void Error_InvokeOnDelegate (Location loc)
4928 Report.Error (1533, loc,
4929 "Invoke cannot be called directly on a delegate");
4932 static void Error_InvalidArguments (Location loc, int idx, MethodBase method,
4933 Type delegate_type, string arg_sig, string par_desc)
4935 if (delegate_type == null)
4936 Report.Error (1502, loc,
4937 "The best overloaded match for method '" +
4938 FullMethodDesc (method) +
4939 "' has some invalid arguments");
4941 Report.Error (1594, loc,
4942 "Delegate '" + delegate_type.ToString () +
4943 "' has some invalid arguments.");
4944 Report.Error (1503, loc,
4945 String.Format ("Argument {0}: Cannot convert from '{1}' to '{2}'",
4946 idx, arg_sig, par_desc));
4949 public static bool VerifyArgumentsCompat (EmitContext ec, ArrayList Arguments,
4950 int arg_count, MethodBase method,
4951 bool chose_params_expanded,
4952 Type delegate_type, bool may_fail,
4955 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (method);
4956 int pd_count = pd.Count;
4958 for (int j = 0; j < arg_count; j++) {
4959 Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [j];
4960 Expression a_expr = a.Expr;
4961 Type parameter_type = pd.ParameterType (j);
4962 Parameter.Modifier pm = pd.ParameterModifier (j);
4964 if (pm == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
4965 if ((pm & ~Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS) != a.GetParameterModifier ()) {
4967 Error_InvalidArguments (
4968 loc, j, method, delegate_type,
4969 Argument.FullDesc (a), pd.ParameterDesc (j));
4973 if (chose_params_expanded)
4974 parameter_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (parameter_type);
4975 } else if (pm == Parameter.Modifier.ARGLIST){
4981 if (pd.ParameterModifier (j) != a.GetParameterModifier ()){
4983 Error_InvalidArguments (
4984 loc, j, method, delegate_type,
4985 Argument.FullDesc (a), pd.ParameterDesc (j));
4993 if (!a.Type.Equals (parameter_type)){
4996 conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, a_expr, parameter_type, loc);
5000 Error_InvalidArguments (
5001 loc, j, method, delegate_type,
5002 Argument.FullDesc (a), pd.ParameterDesc (j));
5007 // Update the argument with the implicit conversion
5013 Parameter.Modifier a_mod = a.GetParameterModifier () &
5014 unchecked (~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF));
5015 Parameter.Modifier p_mod = pd.ParameterModifier (j) &
5016 unchecked (~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF));
5018 if (a_mod != p_mod &&
5019 pd.ParameterModifier (pd_count - 1) != Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS) {
5021 Report.Error (1502, loc,
5022 "The best overloaded match for method '" + FullMethodDesc (method)+
5023 "' has some invalid arguments");
5024 Report.Error (1503, loc,
5025 "Argument " + (j+1) +
5026 ": Cannot convert from '" + Argument.FullDesc (a)
5027 + "' to '" + pd.ParameterDesc (j) + "'");
5037 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
5040 // First, resolve the expression that is used to
5041 // trigger the invocation
5043 expr = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.MethodGroup);
5047 if (!(expr is MethodGroupExpr)) {
5048 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
5050 if (expr_type != null){
5051 bool IsDelegate = TypeManager.IsDelegateType (expr_type);
5053 return (new DelegateInvocation (
5054 this.expr, Arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
5058 if (!(expr is MethodGroupExpr)){
5059 expr.Error_UnexpectedKind (ResolveFlags.MethodGroup, loc);
5064 // Next, evaluate all the expressions in the argument list
5066 if (Arguments != null){
5067 foreach (Argument a in Arguments){
5068 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
5073 MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) expr;
5074 method = OverloadResolve (ec, mg, Arguments, false, loc);
5079 MethodInfo mi = method as MethodInfo;
5081 type = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (mi.ReturnType);
5082 if (!mi.IsStatic && !mg.IsExplicitImpl && (mg.InstanceExpression == null)) {
5083 SimpleName.Error_ObjectRefRequired (ec, loc, mi.Name);
5087 Expression iexpr = mg.InstanceExpression;
5088 if (mi.IsStatic && (iexpr != null) && !(iexpr is This)) {
5089 if (mg.IdenticalTypeName)
5090 mg.InstanceExpression = null;
5092 MemberAccess.error176 (loc, mi.Name);
5098 if (type.IsPointer){
5106 // Only base will allow this invocation to happen.
5108 if (mg.IsBase && method.IsAbstract){
5109 Report.Error (205, loc, "Cannot call an abstract base member: " +
5110 FullMethodDesc (method));
5114 if (method.Name == "Finalize" && Arguments == null) {
5116 Report.Error (250, loc, "Do not directly call your base class Finalize method. It is called automatically from your destructor");
5118 Report.Error (245, loc, "Destructors and object.Finalize cannot be called directly. Consider calling IDisposable.Dispose if available");
5122 if ((method.Attributes & MethodAttributes.SpecialName) != 0) {
5123 if (TypeManager.LookupDeclSpace (method.DeclaringType) != null || TypeManager.IsSpecialMethod (method)) {
5124 Report.Error (571, loc, TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method) + ": can not call operator or accessor");
5129 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5134 // Emits the list of arguments as an array
5136 static void EmitParams (EmitContext ec, int idx, ArrayList arguments)
5138 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5139 int count = arguments.Count - idx;
5140 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [idx];
5141 Type t = a.Expr.Type;
5143 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, count);
5144 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (t));
5146 int top = arguments.Count;
5147 for (int j = idx; j < top; j++){
5148 a = (Argument) arguments [j];
5150 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
5151 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, j - idx);
5154 OpCode op = ArrayAccess.GetStoreOpcode (t, out is_stobj);
5156 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, t);
5161 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, t);
5168 /// Emits a list of resolved Arguments that are in the arguments
5171 /// The MethodBase argument might be null if the
5172 /// emission of the arguments is known not to contain
5173 /// a `params' field (for example in constructors or other routines
5174 /// that keep their arguments in this structure)
5176 /// if `dup_args' is true, a copy of the arguments will be left
5177 /// on the stack. If `dup_args' is true, you can specify `this_arg'
5178 /// which will be duplicated before any other args. Only EmitCall
5179 /// should be using this interface.
5181 public static void EmitArguments (EmitContext ec, MethodBase mb, ArrayList arguments, bool dup_args, LocalTemporary this_arg)
5185 pd = GetParameterData (mb);
5189 LocalTemporary [] temps = null;
5192 temps = new LocalTemporary [arguments.Count];
5195 // If we are calling a params method with no arguments, special case it
5197 if (arguments == null){
5198 if (pd != null && pd.Count > 0 &&
5199 pd.ParameterModifier (0) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
5200 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5202 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, 0);
5203 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, TypeManager.GetElementType (pd.ParameterType (0)));
5209 int top = arguments.Count;
5211 for (int i = 0; i < top; i++){
5212 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
5215 if (pd.ParameterModifier (i) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
5217 // Special case if we are passing the same data as the
5218 // params argument, do not put it in an array.
5220 if (pd.ParameterType (i) == a.Type)
5223 EmitParams (ec, i, arguments);
5230 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
5231 (temps [i] = new LocalTemporary (ec, a.Type)).Store (ec);
5236 if (this_arg != null)
5239 for (int i = 0; i < top; i ++)
5240 temps [i].Emit (ec);
5243 if (pd != null && pd.Count > top &&
5244 pd.ParameterModifier (top) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
5245 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5247 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, 0);
5248 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, TypeManager.GetElementType (pd.ParameterType (top)));
5252 static Type[] GetVarargsTypes (EmitContext ec, MethodBase mb,
5253 ArrayList arguments)
5255 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (mb);
5257 if (arguments == null)
5258 return new Type [0];
5260 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [pd.Count - 1];
5261 Arglist list = (Arglist) a.Expr;
5263 return list.ArgumentTypes;
5267 /// This checks the ConditionalAttribute on the method
5269 static bool IsMethodExcluded (MethodBase method, EmitContext ec)
5271 if (method.IsConstructor)
5274 IMethodData md = TypeManager.GetMethod (method);
5276 return md.IsExcluded (ec);
5278 // For some methods (generated by delegate class) GetMethod returns null
5279 // because they are not included in builder_to_method table
5280 if (method.DeclaringType is TypeBuilder)
5283 return AttributeTester.IsConditionalMethodExcluded (method);
5287 /// is_base tells whether we want to force the use of the `call'
5288 /// opcode instead of using callvirt. Call is required to call
5289 /// a specific method, while callvirt will always use the most
5290 /// recent method in the vtable.
5292 /// is_static tells whether this is an invocation on a static method
5294 /// instance_expr is an expression that represents the instance
5295 /// it must be non-null if is_static is false.
5297 /// method is the method to invoke.
5299 /// Arguments is the list of arguments to pass to the method or constructor.
5301 public static void EmitCall (EmitContext ec, bool is_base,
5302 bool is_static, Expression instance_expr,
5303 MethodBase method, ArrayList Arguments, Location loc)
5305 EmitCall (ec, is_base, is_static, instance_expr, method, Arguments, loc, false, false);
5308 // `dup_args' leaves an extra copy of the arguments on the stack
5309 // `omit_args' does not leave any arguments at all.
5310 // So, basically, you could make one call with `dup_args' set to true,
5311 // and then another with `omit_args' set to true, and the two calls
5312 // would have the same set of arguments. However, each argument would
5313 // only have been evaluated once.
5314 public static void EmitCall (EmitContext ec, bool is_base,
5315 bool is_static, Expression instance_expr,
5316 MethodBase method, ArrayList Arguments, Location loc,
5317 bool dup_args, bool omit_args)
5319 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5320 bool struct_call = false;
5321 bool this_call = false;
5322 LocalTemporary this_arg = null;
5324 Type decl_type = method.DeclaringType;
5326 if (!RootContext.StdLib) {
5327 // Replace any calls to the system's System.Array type with calls to
5328 // the newly created one.
5329 if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_length)
5330 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_length;
5331 else if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_rank)
5332 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_rank;
5333 else if (method == TypeManager.system_object_array_clone)
5334 method = TypeManager.object_array_clone;
5335 else if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_length_int)
5336 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_length_int;
5337 else if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_lower_bound_int)
5338 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_lower_bound_int;
5339 else if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_upper_bound_int)
5340 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_upper_bound_int;
5341 else if (method == TypeManager.system_void_array_copyto_array_int)
5342 method = TypeManager.void_array_copyto_array_int;
5345 if (ec.TestObsoleteMethodUsage) {
5347 // This checks ObsoleteAttribute on the method and on the declaring type
5349 ObsoleteAttribute oa = AttributeTester.GetMethodObsoleteAttribute (method);
5351 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method), loc);
5354 oa = AttributeTester.GetObsoleteAttribute (method.DeclaringType);
5356 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, method.DeclaringType.FullName, loc);
5360 if (IsMethodExcluded (method, ec))
5364 this_call = instance_expr == null;
5365 if (decl_type.IsValueType || (!this_call && instance_expr.Type.IsValueType))
5369 // If this is ourselves, push "this"
5374 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
5378 // Push the instance expression
5380 if (instance_expr.Type.IsValueType) {
5382 // Special case: calls to a function declared in a
5383 // reference-type with a value-type argument need
5384 // to have their value boxed.
5385 if (decl_type.IsValueType) {
5387 // If the expression implements IMemoryLocation, then
5388 // we can optimize and use AddressOf on the
5391 // If not we have to use some temporary storage for
5393 if (instance_expr is IMemoryLocation) {
5394 ((IMemoryLocation)instance_expr).
5395 AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
5397 LocalTemporary temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, instance_expr.Type);
5398 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5400 temp.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Load);
5403 // avoid the overhead of doing this all the time.
5405 t = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (instance_expr.Type);
5407 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5408 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Box, instance_expr.Type);
5409 t = TypeManager.object_type;
5412 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5413 t = instance_expr.Type;
5418 this_arg = new LocalTemporary (ec, t);
5419 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
5420 this_arg.Store (ec);
5426 EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments, dup_args, this_arg);
5429 if (is_static || struct_call || is_base || (this_call && !method.IsVirtual))
5430 call_op = OpCodes.Call;
5432 call_op = OpCodes.Callvirt;
5434 if ((method.CallingConvention & CallingConventions.VarArgs) != 0) {
5435 Type[] varargs_types = GetVarargsTypes (ec, method, Arguments);
5436 ig.EmitCall (call_op, (MethodInfo) method, varargs_types);
5443 // and DoFoo is not virtual, you can omit the callvirt,
5444 // because you don't need the null checking behavior.
5446 if (method is MethodInfo)
5447 ig.Emit (call_op, (MethodInfo) method);
5449 ig.Emit (call_op, (ConstructorInfo) method);
5452 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5454 MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) this.expr;
5456 EmitCall (ec, mg.IsBase, method.IsStatic, mg.InstanceExpression, method, Arguments, loc);
5459 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5464 // Pop the return value if there is one
5466 if (method is MethodInfo){
5467 Type ret = ((MethodInfo)method).ReturnType;
5468 if (TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (ret) != TypeManager.void_type)
5469 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
5474 public class InvocationOrCast : ExpressionStatement
5477 Expression argument;
5479 public InvocationOrCast (Expression expr, Expression argument, Location loc)
5482 this.argument = argument;
5486 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
5489 // First try to resolve it as a cast.
5491 TypeExpr te = expr.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, true);
5493 Cast cast = new Cast (te, argument, loc);
5494 return cast.Resolve (ec);
5498 // This can either be a type or a delegate invocation.
5499 // Let's just resolve it and see what we'll get.
5501 expr = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.Type | ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue);
5506 // Ok, so it's a Cast.
5508 if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Type) {
5509 Cast cast = new Cast (new TypeExpression (expr.Type, loc), argument, loc);
5510 return cast.Resolve (ec);
5514 // It's a delegate invocation.
5516 if (!TypeManager.IsDelegateType (expr.Type)) {
5517 Error (149, "Method name expected");
5521 ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
5522 args.Add (new Argument (argument, Argument.AType.Expression));
5523 DelegateInvocation invocation = new DelegateInvocation (expr, args, loc);
5524 return invocation.Resolve (ec);
5529 Error (201, "Only assignment, call, increment, decrement and new object " +
5530 "expressions can be used as a statement");
5533 public override ExpressionStatement ResolveStatement (EmitContext ec)
5536 // First try to resolve it as a cast.
5538 TypeExpr te = expr.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, true);
5545 // This can either be a type or a delegate invocation.
5546 // Let's just resolve it and see what we'll get.
5548 expr = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.Type | ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue);
5549 if ((expr == null) || (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Type)) {
5555 // It's a delegate invocation.
5557 if (!TypeManager.IsDelegateType (expr.Type)) {
5558 Error (149, "Method name expected");
5562 ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
5563 args.Add (new Argument (argument, Argument.AType.Expression));
5564 DelegateInvocation invocation = new DelegateInvocation (expr, args, loc);
5565 return invocation.ResolveStatement (ec);
5568 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5570 throw new Exception ("Cannot happen");
5573 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5575 throw new Exception ("Cannot happen");
5580 // This class is used to "disable" the code generation for the
5581 // temporary variable when initializing value types.
5583 class EmptyAddressOf : EmptyExpression, IMemoryLocation {
5584 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
5591 /// Implements the new expression
5593 public class New : ExpressionStatement, IMemoryLocation {
5594 public readonly ArrayList Arguments;
5597 // During bootstrap, it contains the RequestedType,
5598 // but if `type' is not null, it *might* contain a NewDelegate
5599 // (because of field multi-initialization)
5601 public Expression RequestedType;
5603 MethodBase method = null;
5606 // If set, the new expression is for a value_target, and
5607 // we will not leave anything on the stack.
5609 Expression value_target;
5610 bool value_target_set = false;
5612 public New (Expression requested_type, ArrayList arguments, Location l)
5614 RequestedType = requested_type;
5615 Arguments = arguments;
5619 public bool SetValueTypeVariable (Expression value)
5621 value_target = value;
5622 value_target_set = true;
5623 if (!(value_target is IMemoryLocation)){
5624 Error_UnexpectedKind ("variable", loc);
5631 // This function is used to disable the following code sequence for
5632 // value type initialization:
5634 // AddressOf (temporary)
5638 // Instead the provide will have provided us with the address on the
5639 // stack to store the results.
5641 static Expression MyEmptyExpression;
5643 public void DisableTemporaryValueType ()
5645 if (MyEmptyExpression == null)
5646 MyEmptyExpression = new EmptyAddressOf ();
5649 // To enable this, look into:
5650 // test-34 and test-89 and self bootstrapping.
5652 // For instance, we can avoid a copy by using `newobj'
5653 // instead of Call + Push-temp on value types.
5654 // value_target = MyEmptyExpression;
5657 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
5660 // The New DoResolve might be called twice when initializing field
5661 // expressions (see EmitFieldInitializers, the call to
5662 // GetInitializerExpression will perform a resolve on the expression,
5663 // and later the assign will trigger another resolution
5665 // This leads to bugs (#37014)
5668 if (RequestedType is NewDelegate)
5669 return RequestedType;
5673 TypeExpr texpr = RequestedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
5677 type = texpr.ResolveType (ec);
5679 CheckObsoleteAttribute (type);
5681 bool IsDelegate = TypeManager.IsDelegateType (type);
5684 RequestedType = (new NewDelegate (type, Arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
5685 if (RequestedType != null)
5686 if (!(RequestedType is NewDelegate))
5687 throw new Exception ("NewDelegate.Resolve returned a non NewDelegate: " + RequestedType.GetType ());
5688 return RequestedType;
5691 if (type.IsAbstract && type.IsSealed) {
5692 Report.Error (712, loc, "Cannot create an instance of the static class '{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5696 if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract){
5697 Error (144, "It is not possible to create instances of interfaces or abstract classes");
5701 bool is_struct = type.IsValueType;
5702 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5705 // SRE returns a match for .ctor () on structs (the object constructor),
5706 // so we have to manually ignore it.
5708 if (is_struct && Arguments == null)
5712 // For member-lookup, treat 'new Foo (bar)' as call to 'foo.ctor (bar)', where 'foo' is of type 'Foo'.
5713 ml = MemberLookupFinal (ec, type, type, ".ctor",
5714 MemberTypes.Constructor,
5715 AllBindingFlags | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly, loc);
5720 if (! (ml is MethodGroupExpr)){
5722 ml.Error_UnexpectedKind ("method group", loc);
5728 if (Arguments != null){
5729 foreach (Argument a in Arguments){
5730 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
5735 method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
5736 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) ml, Arguments, false, loc);
5740 if (method == null) {
5741 if (!is_struct || Arguments.Count > 0) {
5742 Error (1501, String.Format (
5743 "New invocation: Can not find a constructor in `{0}' for this argument list",
5744 TypeManager.CSharpName (type)));
5753 // This DoEmit can be invoked in two contexts:
5754 // * As a mechanism that will leave a value on the stack (new object)
5755 // * As one that wont (init struct)
5757 // You can control whether a value is required on the stack by passing
5758 // need_value_on_stack. The code *might* leave a value on the stack
5759 // so it must be popped manually
5761 // If we are dealing with a ValueType, we have a few
5762 // situations to deal with:
5764 // * The target is a ValueType, and we have been provided
5765 // the instance (this is easy, we are being assigned).
5767 // * The target of New is being passed as an argument,
5768 // to a boxing operation or a function that takes a
5771 // In this case, we need to create a temporary variable
5772 // that is the argument of New.
5774 // Returns whether a value is left on the stack
5776 bool DoEmit (EmitContext ec, bool need_value_on_stack)
5778 bool is_value_type = type.IsValueType;
5779 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5784 // Allow DoEmit() to be called multiple times.
5785 // We need to create a new LocalTemporary each time since
5786 // you can't share LocalBuilders among ILGeneators.
5787 if (!value_target_set)
5788 value_target = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
5790 ml = (IMemoryLocation) value_target;
5791 ml.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5795 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments, false, null);
5799 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5801 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
5802 if (need_value_on_stack){
5803 value_target.Emit (ec);
5808 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (ConstructorInfo) method);
5813 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5818 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5820 if (DoEmit (ec, false))
5821 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
5824 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
5826 if (!type.IsValueType){
5828 // We throw an exception. So far, I believe we only need to support
5830 // foreach (int j in new StructType ())
5833 throw new Exception ("AddressOf should not be used for classes");
5836 if (!value_target_set)
5837 value_target = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
5839 IMemoryLocation ml = (IMemoryLocation) value_target;
5840 ml.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5842 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments, false, null);
5845 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5847 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
5849 ((IMemoryLocation) value_target).AddressOf (ec, Mode);
5854 /// 14.5.10.2: Represents an array creation expression.
5858 /// There are two possible scenarios here: one is an array creation
5859 /// expression that specifies the dimensions and optionally the
5860 /// initialization data and the other which does not need dimensions
5861 /// specified but where initialization data is mandatory.
5863 public class ArrayCreation : Expression {
5864 Expression requested_base_type;
5865 ArrayList initializers;
5868 // The list of Argument types.
5869 // This is used to construct the `newarray' or constructor signature
5871 ArrayList arguments;
5874 // Method used to create the array object.
5876 MethodBase new_method = null;
5878 Type array_element_type;
5879 Type underlying_type;
5880 bool is_one_dimensional = false;
5881 bool is_builtin_type = false;
5882 bool expect_initializers = false;
5883 int num_arguments = 0;
5887 ArrayList array_data;
5892 // The number of array initializers that we can handle
5893 // via the InitializeArray method - through EmitStaticInitializers
5895 int num_automatic_initializers;
5897 const int max_automatic_initializers = 6;
5899 public ArrayCreation (Expression requested_base_type, ArrayList exprs, string rank, ArrayList initializers, Location l)
5901 this.requested_base_type = requested_base_type;
5902 this.initializers = initializers;
5906 arguments = new ArrayList ();
5908 foreach (Expression e in exprs) {
5909 arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
5914 public ArrayCreation (Expression requested_base_type, string rank, ArrayList initializers, Location l)
5916 this.requested_base_type = requested_base_type;
5917 this.initializers = initializers;
5921 //this.rank = rank.Substring (0, rank.LastIndexOf ('['));
5923 //string tmp = rank.Substring (rank.LastIndexOf ('['));
5925 //dimensions = tmp.Length - 1;
5926 expect_initializers = true;
5929 public Expression FormArrayType (Expression base_type, int idx_count, string rank)
5931 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder (rank);
5934 for (int i = 1; i < idx_count; i++)
5939 return new ComposedCast (base_type, sb.ToString (), loc);
5942 void Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ()
5944 Error (178, "Incorrectly structured array initializer");
5947 public bool CheckIndices (EmitContext ec, ArrayList probe, int idx, bool specified_dims)
5949 if (specified_dims) {
5950 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [idx];
5952 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
5955 if (!(a.Expr is Constant)) {
5956 Error (150, "A constant value is expected");
5960 int value = (int) ((Constant) a.Expr).GetValue ();
5962 if (value != probe.Count) {
5963 Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ();
5967 bounds [idx] = value;
5970 int child_bounds = -1;
5971 foreach (object o in probe) {
5972 if (o is ArrayList) {
5973 int current_bounds = ((ArrayList) o).Count;
5975 if (child_bounds == -1)
5976 child_bounds = current_bounds;
5978 else if (child_bounds != current_bounds){
5979 Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ();
5982 if (specified_dims && (idx + 1 >= arguments.Count)){
5983 Error (623, "Array initializers can only be used in a variable or field initializer, try using the new expression");
5987 bool ret = CheckIndices (ec, (ArrayList) o, idx + 1, specified_dims);
5991 if (child_bounds != -1){
5992 Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ();
5996 Expression tmp = (Expression) o;
5997 tmp = tmp.Resolve (ec);
6001 // Console.WriteLine ("I got: " + tmp);
6002 // Handle initialization from vars, fields etc.
6004 Expression conv = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (
6005 ec, tmp, underlying_type, loc);
6010 if (conv is StringConstant || conv is DecimalConstant || conv is NullCast) {
6011 // These are subclasses of Constant that can appear as elements of an
6012 // array that cannot be statically initialized (with num_automatic_initializers
6013 // > max_automatic_initializers), so num_automatic_initializers should be left as zero.
6014 array_data.Add (conv);
6015 } else if (conv is Constant) {
6016 // These are the types of Constant that can appear in arrays that can be
6017 // statically allocated.
6018 array_data.Add (conv);
6019 num_automatic_initializers++;
6021 array_data.Add (conv);
6028 public void UpdateIndices (EmitContext ec)
6031 for (ArrayList probe = initializers; probe != null;) {
6032 if (probe.Count > 0 && probe [0] is ArrayList) {
6033 Expression e = new IntConstant (probe.Count);
6034 arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
6036 bounds [i++] = probe.Count;
6038 probe = (ArrayList) probe [0];
6041 Expression e = new IntConstant (probe.Count);
6042 arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
6044 bounds [i++] = probe.Count;
6051 public bool ValidateInitializers (EmitContext ec, Type array_type)
6053 if (initializers == null) {
6054 if (expect_initializers)
6060 if (underlying_type == null)
6064 // We use this to store all the date values in the order in which we
6065 // will need to store them in the byte blob later
6067 array_data = new ArrayList ();
6068 bounds = new Hashtable ();
6072 if (arguments != null) {
6073 ret = CheckIndices (ec, initializers, 0, true);
6076 arguments = new ArrayList ();
6078 ret = CheckIndices (ec, initializers, 0, false);
6085 if (arguments.Count != dimensions) {
6086 Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ();
6095 // Converts `source' to an int, uint, long or ulong.
6097 Expression ExpressionToArrayArgument (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
6101 bool old_checked = ec.CheckState;
6102 ec.CheckState = true;
6104 target = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, source, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
6105 if (target == null){
6106 target = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, source, TypeManager.uint32_type, loc);
6107 if (target == null){
6108 target = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, source, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
6109 if (target == null){
6110 target = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, source, TypeManager.uint64_type, loc);
6112 Convert.Error_CannotImplicitConversion (loc, source.Type, TypeManager.int32_type);
6116 ec.CheckState = old_checked;
6119 // Only positive constants are allowed at compile time
6121 if (target is Constant){
6122 if (target is IntConstant){
6123 if (((IntConstant) target).Value < 0){
6124 Expression.Error_NegativeArrayIndex (loc);
6129 if (target is LongConstant){
6130 if (((LongConstant) target).Value < 0){
6131 Expression.Error_NegativeArrayIndex (loc);
6142 // Creates the type of the array
6144 bool LookupType (EmitContext ec)
6146 StringBuilder array_qualifier = new StringBuilder (rank);
6149 // `In the first form allocates an array instace of the type that results
6150 // from deleting each of the individual expression from the expression list'
6152 if (num_arguments > 0) {
6153 array_qualifier.Append ("[");
6154 for (int i = num_arguments-1; i > 0; i--)
6155 array_qualifier.Append (",");
6156 array_qualifier.Append ("]");
6162 TypeExpr array_type_expr;
6163 array_type_expr = new ComposedCast (requested_base_type, array_qualifier.ToString (), loc);
6164 array_type_expr = array_type_expr.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
6165 if (array_type_expr == null)
6168 type = array_type_expr.ResolveType (ec);
6170 if (!type.IsArray) {
6171 Error (622, "Can only use array initializer expressions to assign to array types. Try using a new expression instead.");
6174 underlying_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (type);
6175 dimensions = type.GetArrayRank ();
6180 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6184 if (!LookupType (ec))
6188 // First step is to validate the initializers and fill
6189 // in any missing bits
6191 if (!ValidateInitializers (ec, type))
6194 if (arguments == null)
6197 arg_count = arguments.Count;
6198 foreach (Argument a in arguments){
6199 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
6202 Expression real_arg = ExpressionToArrayArgument (ec, a.Expr, loc);
6203 if (real_arg == null)
6210 array_element_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (type);
6212 if (array_element_type.IsAbstract && array_element_type.IsSealed) {
6213 Report.Error (719, loc, "'{0}': array elements cannot be of static type", TypeManager.CSharpName (array_element_type));
6217 if (arg_count == 1) {
6218 is_one_dimensional = true;
6219 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6223 is_builtin_type = TypeManager.IsBuiltinType (type);
6225 if (is_builtin_type) {
6228 ml = MemberLookup (ec, type, ".ctor", MemberTypes.Constructor,
6229 AllBindingFlags, loc);
6231 if (!(ml is MethodGroupExpr)) {
6232 ml.Error_UnexpectedKind ("method group", loc);
6237 Error (-6, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
6238 "this argument list");
6242 new_method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
6243 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) ml, arguments, false, loc);
6245 if (new_method == null) {
6246 Error (-6, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
6247 "this argument list");
6251 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6254 ModuleBuilder mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
6255 ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
6257 if (arguments != null) {
6258 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++)
6259 args.Add (TypeManager.int32_type);
6262 Type [] arg_types = null;
6265 arg_types = new Type [args.Count];
6267 args.CopyTo (arg_types, 0);
6269 new_method = mb.GetArrayMethod (type, ".ctor", CallingConventions.HasThis, null,
6272 if (new_method == null) {
6273 Error (-6, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
6274 "this argument list");
6278 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6283 public static byte [] MakeByteBlob (ArrayList array_data, Type underlying_type, Location loc)
6288 int count = array_data.Count;
6290 if (underlying_type.IsEnum)
6291 underlying_type = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (underlying_type);
6293 factor = GetTypeSize (underlying_type);
6295 throw new Exception ("unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + underlying_type);
6297 data = new byte [(count * factor + 4) & ~3];
6300 for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
6301 object v = array_data [i];
6303 if (v is EnumConstant)
6304 v = ((EnumConstant) v).Child;
6306 if (v is Constant && !(v is StringConstant))
6307 v = ((Constant) v).GetValue ();
6313 if (underlying_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
6314 if (!(v is Expression)){
6315 long val = (long) v;
6317 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6318 data [idx + j] = (byte) (val & 0xFF);
6322 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
6323 if (!(v is Expression)){
6324 ulong val = (ulong) v;
6326 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6327 data [idx + j] = (byte) (val & 0xFF);
6331 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.float_type) {
6332 if (!(v is Expression)){
6333 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((float) v);
6335 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6336 data [idx + j] = element [j];
6338 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.double_type) {
6339 if (!(v is Expression)){
6340 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((double) v);
6342 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6343 data [idx + j] = element [j];
6345 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.char_type){
6346 if (!(v is Expression)){
6347 int val = (int) ((char) v);
6349 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6350 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6352 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.short_type){
6353 if (!(v is Expression)){
6354 int val = (int) ((short) v);
6356 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6357 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6359 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
6360 if (!(v is Expression)){
6361 int val = (int) ((ushort) v);
6363 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6364 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6366 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
6367 if (!(v is Expression)){
6370 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6371 data [idx+1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
6372 data [idx+2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
6373 data [idx+3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
6375 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
6376 if (!(v is Expression)){
6377 uint val = (uint) v;
6379 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6380 data [idx+1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
6381 data [idx+2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
6382 data [idx+3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
6384 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
6385 if (!(v is Expression)){
6386 sbyte val = (sbyte) v;
6387 data [idx] = (byte) val;
6389 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
6390 if (!(v is Expression)){
6391 byte val = (byte) v;
6392 data [idx] = (byte) val;
6394 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.bool_type) {
6395 if (!(v is Expression)){
6396 bool val = (bool) v;
6397 data [idx] = (byte) (val ? 1 : 0);
6399 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.decimal_type){
6400 if (!(v is Expression)){
6401 int [] bits = Decimal.GetBits ((decimal) v);
6404 // FIXME: For some reason, this doesn't work on the MS runtime.
6405 int [] nbits = new int [4];
6406 nbits [0] = bits [3];
6407 nbits [1] = bits [2];
6408 nbits [2] = bits [0];
6409 nbits [3] = bits [1];
6411 for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++){
6412 data [p++] = (byte) (nbits [j] & 0xff);
6413 data [p++] = (byte) ((nbits [j] >> 8) & 0xff);
6414 data [p++] = (byte) ((nbits [j] >> 16) & 0xff);
6415 data [p++] = (byte) (nbits [j] >> 24);
6419 throw new Exception ("Unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + underlying_type);
6428 // Emits the initializers for the array
6430 void EmitStaticInitializers (EmitContext ec)
6433 // First, the static data
6436 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6438 byte [] data = MakeByteBlob (array_data, underlying_type, loc);
6440 fb = RootContext.MakeStaticData (data);
6442 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6443 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, fb);
6444 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call,
6445 TypeManager.void_initializearray_array_fieldhandle);
6449 // Emits pieces of the array that can not be computed at compile
6450 // time (variables and string locations).
6452 // This always expect the top value on the stack to be the array
6454 void EmitDynamicInitializers (EmitContext ec)
6456 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6457 int dims = bounds.Count;
6458 int [] current_pos = new int [dims];
6459 int top = array_data.Count;
6461 MethodInfo set = null;
6465 ModuleBuilder mb = null;
6466 mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
6467 args = new Type [dims + 1];
6470 for (j = 0; j < dims; j++)
6471 args [j] = TypeManager.int32_type;
6473 args [j] = array_element_type;
6475 set = mb.GetArrayMethod (
6477 CallingConventions.HasThis | CallingConventions.Standard,
6478 TypeManager.void_type, args);
6481 for (int i = 0; i < top; i++){
6483 Expression e = null;
6485 if (array_data [i] is Expression)
6486 e = (Expression) array_data [i];
6490 // Basically we do this for string literals and
6491 // other non-literal expressions
6493 if (e is EnumConstant){
6494 e = ((EnumConstant) e).Child;
6497 if (e is StringConstant || e is DecimalConstant || !(e is Constant) ||
6498 num_automatic_initializers <= max_automatic_initializers) {
6499 Type etype = e.Type;
6501 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6503 for (int idx = 0; idx < dims; idx++)
6504 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, current_pos [idx]);
6507 // If we are dealing with a struct, get the
6508 // address of it, so we can store it.
6511 etype.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.value_type) &&
6512 (!TypeManager.IsBuiltinOrEnum (etype) ||
6513 etype == TypeManager.decimal_type)) {
6518 // Let new know that we are providing
6519 // the address where to store the results
6521 n.DisableTemporaryValueType ();
6524 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, etype);
6531 OpCode op = ArrayAccess.GetStoreOpcode (etype, out is_stobj);
6533 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, etype);
6537 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, set);
6545 for (int j = dims - 1; j >= 0; j--){
6547 if (current_pos [j] < (int) bounds [j])
6549 current_pos [j] = 0;
6554 void EmitArrayArguments (EmitContext ec)
6556 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6558 foreach (Argument a in arguments) {
6559 Type atype = a.Type;
6562 if (atype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
6563 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U4);
6564 else if (atype == TypeManager.int64_type)
6565 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I4);
6569 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6571 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6573 EmitArrayArguments (ec);
6574 if (is_one_dimensional)
6575 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, array_element_type);
6577 if (is_builtin_type)
6578 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (ConstructorInfo) new_method);
6580 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (MethodInfo) new_method);
6583 if (initializers != null){
6585 // FIXME: Set this variable correctly.
6587 bool dynamic_initializers = true;
6589 // This will never be true for array types that cannot be statically
6590 // initialized. num_automatic_initializers will always be zero. See
6592 if (num_automatic_initializers > max_automatic_initializers)
6593 EmitStaticInitializers (ec);
6595 if (dynamic_initializers)
6596 EmitDynamicInitializers (ec);
6600 public object EncodeAsAttribute ()
6602 if (!is_one_dimensional){
6603 Report.Error (-211, Location, "attribute can not encode multi-dimensional arrays");
6607 if (array_data == null){
6608 Report.Error (-212, Location, "array should be initialized when passing it to an attribute");
6612 object [] ret = new object [array_data.Count];
6614 foreach (Expression e in array_data){
6617 if (e is NullLiteral)
6620 if (!Attribute.GetAttributeArgumentExpression (e, Location, array_element_type, out v))
6630 /// Represents the `this' construct
6632 public class This : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation, IVariable {
6635 VariableInfo variable_info;
6637 public This (Block block, Location loc)
6643 public This (Location loc)
6648 public VariableInfo VariableInfo {
6649 get { return variable_info; }
6652 public bool VerifyFixed (bool is_expression)
6654 if ((variable_info == null) || (variable_info.LocalInfo == null))
6657 return variable_info.LocalInfo.IsFixed;
6660 public bool ResolveBase (EmitContext ec)
6662 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6663 type = ec.ContainerType;
6666 Error (26, "Keyword this not valid in static code");
6670 if ((block != null) && (block.ThisVariable != null))
6671 variable_info = block.ThisVariable.VariableInfo;
6676 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6678 if (!ResolveBase (ec))
6681 if ((variable_info != null) && !variable_info.IsAssigned (ec)) {
6682 Error (188, "The this object cannot be used before all " +
6683 "of its fields are assigned to");
6684 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
6688 if (ec.IsFieldInitializer) {
6689 Error (27, "Keyword `this' can't be used outside a constructor, " +
6690 "a method or a property.");
6697 override public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
6699 if (!ResolveBase (ec))
6702 if (variable_info != null)
6703 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
6705 if (ec.TypeContainer is Class){
6706 Error (1604, "Cannot assign to `this'");
6713 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
6717 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6720 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
6722 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6724 if (ec.TypeContainer is Struct){
6728 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6729 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, type);
6731 throw new Exception ("how did you get here");
6735 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6737 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6740 if (ec.TypeContainer is Struct)
6741 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldobj, type);
6744 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
6749 // FIGURE OUT WHY LDARG_S does not work
6751 // consider: struct X { int val; int P { set { val = value; }}}
6753 // Yes, this looks very bad. Look at `NOTAS' for
6755 // ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga_S, (byte) 0);
6760 /// Represents the `__arglist' construct
6762 public class ArglistAccess : Expression
6764 public ArglistAccess (Location loc)
6769 public bool ResolveBase (EmitContext ec)
6771 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6772 type = TypeManager.runtime_argument_handle_type;
6776 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6778 if (!ResolveBase (ec))
6781 if (ec.IsFieldInitializer || !ec.CurrentBlock.HasVarargs) {
6782 Error (190, "The __arglist construct is valid only within " +
6783 "a variable argument method.");
6790 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6792 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Arglist);
6797 /// Represents the `__arglist (....)' construct
6799 public class Arglist : Expression
6801 public readonly Argument[] Arguments;
6803 public Arglist (Argument[] args, Location l)
6809 public Type[] ArgumentTypes {
6811 Type[] retval = new Type [Arguments.Length];
6812 for (int i = 0; i < Arguments.Length; i++)
6813 retval [i] = Arguments [i].Type;
6818 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6820 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6821 type = TypeManager.runtime_argument_handle_type;
6823 foreach (Argument arg in Arguments) {
6824 if (!arg.Resolve (ec, loc))
6831 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6833 foreach (Argument arg in Arguments)
6839 // This produces the value that renders an instance, used by the iterators code
6841 public class ProxyInstance : Expression, IMemoryLocation {
6842 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6844 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6845 type = ec.ContainerType;
6849 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6851 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
6855 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
6857 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
6862 /// Implements the typeof operator
6864 public class TypeOf : Expression {
6865 public Expression QueriedType;
6866 protected Type typearg;
6868 public TypeOf (Expression queried_type, Location l)
6870 QueriedType = queried_type;
6874 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6876 TypeExpr texpr = QueriedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
6880 typearg = texpr.ResolveType (ec);
6882 if (typearg == TypeManager.void_type) {
6883 Error (673, "System.Void cannot be used from C# - " +
6884 "use typeof (void) to get the void type object");
6888 if (typearg.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe){
6892 CheckObsoleteAttribute (typearg);
6894 type = TypeManager.type_type;
6895 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
6899 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6901 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, typearg);
6902 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, TypeManager.system_type_get_type_from_handle);
6905 public Type TypeArg {
6906 get { return typearg; }
6911 /// Implements the `typeof (void)' operator
6913 public class TypeOfVoid : TypeOf {
6914 public TypeOfVoid (Location l) : base (null, l)
6919 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6921 type = TypeManager.type_type;
6922 typearg = TypeManager.void_type;
6923 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
6929 /// Implements the sizeof expression
6931 public class SizeOf : Expression {
6932 public Expression QueriedType;
6935 public SizeOf (Expression queried_type, Location l)
6937 this.QueriedType = queried_type;
6941 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6945 233, loc, "Sizeof may only be used in an unsafe context " +
6946 "(consider using System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SizeOf");
6950 TypeExpr texpr = QueriedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
6954 type_queried = texpr.ResolveType (ec);
6956 CheckObsoleteAttribute (type_queried);
6958 if (!TypeManager.IsUnmanagedType (type_queried)){
6959 Report.Error (208, loc, "Cannot take the size of an unmanaged type (" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type_queried) + ")");
6963 type = TypeManager.int32_type;
6964 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6968 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6970 int size = GetTypeSize (type_queried);
6973 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, type_queried);
6975 IntConstant.EmitInt (ec.ig, size);
6980 /// Implements the member access expression
6982 public class MemberAccess : Expression {
6983 public readonly string Identifier;
6986 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string id, Location l)
6993 public Expression Expr {
6999 public static void error176 (Location loc, string name)
7001 Report.Error (176, loc, "Static member `" +
7002 name + "' cannot be accessed " +
7003 "with an instance reference, qualify with a " +
7004 "type name instead");
7007 public static bool IdenticalNameAndTypeName (EmitContext ec, Expression left_original, Expression left, Location loc)
7009 SimpleName sn = left_original as SimpleName;
7010 if (sn == null || left == null || left.Type.Name != sn.Name)
7013 return RootContext.LookupType (ec.DeclSpace, sn.Name, true, loc) != null;
7016 public static Expression ResolveMemberAccess (EmitContext ec, Expression member_lookup,
7017 Expression left, Location loc,
7018 Expression left_original)
7020 bool left_is_type, left_is_explicit;
7022 // If `left' is null, then we're called from SimpleNameResolve and this is
7023 // a member in the currently defining class.
7025 left_is_type = ec.IsStatic || ec.IsFieldInitializer;
7026 left_is_explicit = false;
7028 // Implicitly default to `this' unless we're static.
7029 if (!ec.IsStatic && !ec.IsFieldInitializer && !ec.InEnumContext)
7030 left = ec.GetThis (loc);
7032 left_is_type = left is TypeExpr;
7033 left_is_explicit = true;
7036 if (member_lookup is FieldExpr){
7037 FieldExpr fe = (FieldExpr) member_lookup;
7038 FieldInfo fi = fe.FieldInfo;
7039 Type decl_type = fi.DeclaringType;
7041 if (fi is FieldBuilder) {
7042 Const c = TypeManager.LookupConstant ((FieldBuilder) fi);
7046 if (!c.LookupConstantValue (out o))
7049 object real_value = ((Constant) c.Expr).GetValue ();
7051 return Constantify (real_value, fi.FieldType);
7056 Type t = fi.FieldType;
7060 if (fi is FieldBuilder)
7061 o = TypeManager.GetValue ((FieldBuilder) fi);
7063 o = fi.GetValue (fi);
7065 if (decl_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)) {
7066 if (left_is_explicit && !left_is_type &&
7067 !IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, left_original, member_lookup, loc)) {
7068 error176 (loc, fe.FieldInfo.Name);
7072 Expression enum_member = MemberLookup (
7073 ec, decl_type, "value__", MemberTypes.Field,
7074 AllBindingFlags, loc);
7076 Enum en = TypeManager.LookupEnum (decl_type);
7080 c = Constantify (o, en.UnderlyingType);
7082 c = Constantify (o, enum_member.Type);
7084 return new EnumConstant (c, decl_type);
7087 Expression exp = Constantify (o, t);
7089 if (left_is_explicit && !left_is_type) {
7090 error176 (loc, fe.FieldInfo.Name);
7097 if (fi.FieldType.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe){
7103 if (member_lookup is EventExpr) {
7104 EventExpr ee = (EventExpr) member_lookup;
7107 // If the event is local to this class, we transform ourselves into
7111 if (ee.EventInfo.DeclaringType == ec.ContainerType ||
7112 TypeManager.IsNestedChildOf(ec.ContainerType, ee.EventInfo.DeclaringType)) {
7113 MemberInfo mi = GetFieldFromEvent (ee);
7117 // If this happens, then we have an event with its own
7118 // accessors and private field etc so there's no need
7119 // to transform ourselves.
7121 ee.InstanceExpression = left;
7125 Expression ml = ExprClassFromMemberInfo (ec, mi, loc);
7128 Report.Error (-200, loc, "Internal error!!");
7132 if (!left_is_explicit)
7135 ee.InstanceExpression = left;
7137 return ResolveMemberAccess (ec, ml, left, loc, left_original);
7141 if (member_lookup is IMemberExpr) {
7142 IMemberExpr me = (IMemberExpr) member_lookup;
7143 MethodGroupExpr mg = me as MethodGroupExpr;
7146 if ((mg != null) && left_is_explicit && left.Type.IsInterface)
7147 mg.IsExplicitImpl = left_is_explicit;
7150 if ((ec.IsFieldInitializer || ec.IsStatic) &&
7151 IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, left_original, member_lookup, loc))
7152 return member_lookup;
7154 SimpleName.Error_ObjectRefRequired (ec, loc, me.Name);
7159 if (!me.IsInstance) {
7160 if (IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, left_original, left, loc))
7161 return member_lookup;
7163 if (left_is_explicit) {
7164 error176 (loc, me.Name);
7170 // Since we can not check for instance objects in SimpleName,
7171 // becaue of the rule that allows types and variables to share
7172 // the name (as long as they can be de-ambiguated later, see
7173 // IdenticalNameAndTypeName), we have to check whether left
7174 // is an instance variable in a static context
7176 // However, if the left-hand value is explicitly given, then
7177 // it is already our instance expression, so we aren't in
7181 if (ec.IsStatic && !left_is_explicit && left is IMemberExpr){
7182 IMemberExpr mexp = (IMemberExpr) left;
7184 if (!mexp.IsStatic){
7185 SimpleName.Error_ObjectRefRequired (ec, loc, mexp.Name);
7190 if ((mg != null) && IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, left_original, left, loc))
7191 mg.IdenticalTypeName = true;
7193 me.InstanceExpression = left;
7196 return member_lookup;
7199 Console.WriteLine ("Left is: " + left);
7200 Report.Error (-100, loc, "Support for [" + member_lookup + "] is not present yet");
7201 Environment.Exit (1);
7205 public Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side, ResolveFlags flags)
7208 throw new Exception ();
7211 // Resolve the expression with flow analysis turned off, we'll do the definite
7212 // assignment checks later. This is because we don't know yet what the expression
7213 // will resolve to - it may resolve to a FieldExpr and in this case we must do the
7214 // definite assignment check on the actual field and not on the whole struct.
7217 Expression original = expr;
7218 expr = expr.Resolve (ec, flags | ResolveFlags.Intermediate | ResolveFlags.DisableFlowAnalysis);
7222 if (expr is SimpleName){
7223 SimpleName child_expr = (SimpleName) expr;
7225 Expression new_expr = new SimpleName (child_expr.Name, Identifier, loc);
7227 return new_expr.Resolve (ec, flags);
7231 // TODO: I mailed Ravi about this, and apparently we can get rid
7232 // of this and put it in the right place.
7234 // Handle enums here when they are in transit.
7235 // Note that we cannot afford to hit MemberLookup in this case because
7236 // it will fail to find any members at all
7239 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
7240 if (expr is TypeExpr){
7241 if (!ec.DeclSpace.CheckAccessLevel (expr_type)){
7242 Report.Error (122, loc, "'{0}' is inaccessible due to its protection level", expr_type);
7246 if (expr_type == TypeManager.enum_type || expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)){
7247 Enum en = TypeManager.LookupEnum (expr_type);
7250 object value = en.LookupEnumValue (ec, Identifier, loc);
7253 MemberCore mc = en.GetDefinition (Identifier);
7254 ObsoleteAttribute oa = mc.GetObsoleteAttribute (en);
7256 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, mc.GetSignatureForError (), Location);
7258 oa = en.GetObsoleteAttribute (en);
7260 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, en.GetSignatureForError (), Location);
7263 Constant c = Constantify (value, en.UnderlyingType);
7264 return new EnumConstant (c, expr_type);
7267 CheckObsoleteAttribute (expr_type);
7269 FieldInfo fi = expr_type.GetField (Identifier);
7271 ObsoleteAttribute oa = AttributeTester.GetMemberObsoleteAttribute (fi);
7273 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (fi), Location);
7279 if (expr_type.IsPointer){
7280 Error (23, "The `.' operator can not be applied to pointer operands (" +
7281 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + ")");
7285 Expression member_lookup;
7286 member_lookup = MemberLookupFinal (ec, expr_type, expr_type, Identifier, loc);
7287 if (member_lookup == null)
7290 if (member_lookup is TypeExpr) {
7291 if (!(expr is TypeExpr) && !(expr is SimpleName)) {
7292 Error (572, "Can't reference type `" + Identifier + "' through an expression; try `" +
7293 member_lookup.Type + "' instead");
7297 return member_lookup;
7300 member_lookup = ResolveMemberAccess (ec, member_lookup, expr, loc, original);
7301 if (member_lookup == null)
7304 // The following DoResolve/DoResolveLValue will do the definite assignment
7307 if (right_side != null)
7308 member_lookup = member_lookup.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7310 member_lookup = member_lookup.DoResolve (ec);
7312 return member_lookup;
7315 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7317 return DoResolve (ec, null, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue |
7318 ResolveFlags.SimpleName | ResolveFlags.Type);
7321 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
7323 return DoResolve (ec, right_side, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue |
7324 ResolveFlags.SimpleName | ResolveFlags.Type);
7327 public override Expression ResolveAsTypeStep (EmitContext ec)
7329 string fname = null;
7330 MemberAccess full_expr = this;
7331 while (full_expr != null) {
7333 fname = String.Concat (full_expr.Identifier, ".", fname);
7335 fname = full_expr.Identifier;
7337 if (full_expr.Expr is SimpleName) {
7338 string full_name = String.Concat (((SimpleName) full_expr.Expr).Name, ".", fname);
7339 Type fully_qualified = ec.DeclSpace.FindType (loc, full_name);
7340 if (fully_qualified != null)
7341 return new TypeExpression (fully_qualified, loc);
7344 full_expr = full_expr.Expr as MemberAccess;
7347 Expression new_expr = expr.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec);
7349 if (new_expr == null)
7352 if (new_expr is SimpleName){
7353 SimpleName child_expr = (SimpleName) new_expr;
7355 new_expr = new SimpleName (child_expr.Name, Identifier, loc);
7357 return new_expr.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec);
7360 Type expr_type = new_expr.Type;
7362 if (expr_type.IsPointer){
7363 Error (23, "The `.' operator can not be applied to pointer operands (" +
7364 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + ")");
7368 Expression member_lookup;
7369 member_lookup = MemberLookupFinal (ec, expr_type, expr_type, Identifier, loc);
7370 if (member_lookup == null)
7373 if (member_lookup is TypeExpr){
7374 member_lookup.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.Type);
7375 return member_lookup;
7381 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7383 throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
7386 public override string ToString ()
7388 return expr + "." + Identifier;
7393 /// Implements checked expressions
7395 public class CheckedExpr : Expression {
7397 public Expression Expr;
7399 public CheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
7405 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7407 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
7408 bool last_const_check = ec.ConstantCheckState;
7410 ec.CheckState = true;
7411 ec.ConstantCheckState = true;
7412 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7413 ec.CheckState = last_check;
7414 ec.ConstantCheckState = last_const_check;
7419 if (Expr is Constant)
7422 eclass = Expr.eclass;
7427 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7429 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
7430 bool last_const_check = ec.ConstantCheckState;
7432 ec.CheckState = true;
7433 ec.ConstantCheckState = true;
7435 ec.CheckState = last_check;
7436 ec.ConstantCheckState = last_const_check;
7442 /// Implements the unchecked expression
7444 public class UnCheckedExpr : Expression {
7446 public Expression Expr;
7448 public UnCheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
7454 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7456 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
7457 bool last_const_check = ec.ConstantCheckState;
7459 ec.CheckState = false;
7460 ec.ConstantCheckState = false;
7461 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7462 ec.CheckState = last_check;
7463 ec.ConstantCheckState = last_const_check;
7468 if (Expr is Constant)
7471 eclass = Expr.eclass;
7476 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7478 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
7479 bool last_const_check = ec.ConstantCheckState;
7481 ec.CheckState = false;
7482 ec.ConstantCheckState = false;
7484 ec.CheckState = last_check;
7485 ec.ConstantCheckState = last_const_check;
7491 /// An Element Access expression.
7493 /// During semantic analysis these are transformed into
7494 /// IndexerAccess, ArrayAccess or a PointerArithmetic.
7496 public class ElementAccess : Expression {
7497 public ArrayList Arguments;
7498 public Expression Expr;
7500 public ElementAccess (Expression e, ArrayList e_list, Location l)
7509 Arguments = new ArrayList ();
7510 foreach (Expression tmp in e_list)
7511 Arguments.Add (new Argument (tmp, Argument.AType.Expression));
7515 bool CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
7517 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7522 if (Arguments == null)
7525 foreach (Argument a in Arguments){
7526 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
7533 Expression MakePointerAccess (EmitContext ec)
7537 if (t == TypeManager.void_ptr_type){
7538 Error (242, "The array index operation is not valid for void pointers");
7541 if (Arguments.Count != 1){
7542 Error (196, "A pointer must be indexed by a single value");
7547 p = new PointerArithmetic (true, Expr, ((Argument)Arguments [0]).Expr, t, loc).Resolve (ec);
7550 return new Indirection (p, loc).Resolve (ec);
7553 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7555 if (!CommonResolve (ec))
7559 // We perform some simple tests, and then to "split" the emit and store
7560 // code we create an instance of a different class, and return that.
7562 // I am experimenting with this pattern.
7566 if (t == TypeManager.array_type){
7567 Report.Error (21, loc, "Cannot use indexer on System.Array");
7572 return (new ArrayAccess (this, loc)).Resolve (ec);
7573 else if (t.IsPointer)
7574 return MakePointerAccess (ec);
7576 return (new IndexerAccess (this, loc)).Resolve (ec);
7579 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
7581 if (!CommonResolve (ec))
7586 return (new ArrayAccess (this, loc)).ResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7587 else if (t.IsPointer)
7588 return MakePointerAccess (ec);
7590 return (new IndexerAccess (this, loc)).ResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7593 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7595 throw new Exception ("Should never be reached");
7600 /// Implements array access
7602 public class ArrayAccess : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation {
7604 // Points to our "data" repository
7608 LocalTemporary temp;
7611 public ArrayAccess (ElementAccess ea_data, Location l)
7614 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7618 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7621 ExprClass eclass = ea.Expr.eclass;
7623 // As long as the type is valid
7624 if (!(eclass == ExprClass.Variable || eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess ||
7625 eclass == ExprClass.Value)) {
7626 ea.Expr.Error_UnexpectedKind ("variable or value");
7631 Type t = ea.Expr.Type;
7632 if (t.GetArrayRank () != ea.Arguments.Count){
7634 "Incorrect number of indexes for array " +
7635 " expected: " + t.GetArrayRank () + " got: " +
7636 ea.Arguments.Count);
7640 type = TypeManager.GetElementType (t);
7641 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe){
7642 UnsafeError (ea.Location);
7646 foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments){
7647 Type argtype = a.Type;
7649 if (argtype == TypeManager.int32_type ||
7650 argtype == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
7651 argtype == TypeManager.int64_type ||
7652 argtype == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
7653 Constant c = a.Expr as Constant;
7654 if (c != null && c.IsNegative) {
7655 Report.Warning (251, 2, a.Expr.Location, "Indexing an array with a negative index (array indices always start at zero)");
7661 // Mhm. This is strage, because the Argument.Type is not the same as
7662 // Argument.Expr.Type: the value changes depending on the ref/out setting.
7664 // Wonder if I will run into trouble for this.
7666 a.Expr = ExpressionToArrayArgument (ec, a.Expr, ea.Location);
7671 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7677 /// Emits the right opcode to load an object of Type `t'
7678 /// from an array of T
7680 static public void EmitLoadOpcode (ILGenerator ig, Type type)
7682 if (type == TypeManager.byte_type || type == TypeManager.bool_type)
7683 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U1);
7684 else if (type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
7685 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I1);
7686 else if (type == TypeManager.short_type)
7687 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I2);
7688 else if (type == TypeManager.ushort_type || type == TypeManager.char_type)
7689 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U2);
7690 else if (type == TypeManager.int32_type)
7691 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I4);
7692 else if (type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
7693 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U4);
7694 else if (type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
7695 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I8);
7696 else if (type == TypeManager.int64_type)
7697 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I8);
7698 else if (type == TypeManager.float_type)
7699 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_R4);
7700 else if (type == TypeManager.double_type)
7701 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_R8);
7702 else if (type == TypeManager.intptr_type)
7703 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I);
7704 else if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (type)){
7705 EmitLoadOpcode (ig, TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (type));
7706 } else if (type.IsValueType){
7707 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, type);
7708 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldobj, type);
7710 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_Ref);
7714 /// Returns the right opcode to store an object of Type `t'
7715 /// from an array of T.
7717 static public OpCode GetStoreOpcode (Type t, out bool is_stobj)
7719 //Console.WriteLine (new System.Diagnostics.StackTrace ());
7721 t = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (t);
7722 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (t))
7723 t = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (t);
7724 if (t == TypeManager.byte_type || t == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
7725 t == TypeManager.bool_type)
7726 return OpCodes.Stelem_I1;
7727 else if (t == TypeManager.short_type || t == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
7728 t == TypeManager.char_type)
7729 return OpCodes.Stelem_I2;
7730 else if (t == TypeManager.int32_type || t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
7731 return OpCodes.Stelem_I4;
7732 else if (t == TypeManager.int64_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
7733 return OpCodes.Stelem_I8;
7734 else if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
7735 return OpCodes.Stelem_R4;
7736 else if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
7737 return OpCodes.Stelem_R8;
7738 else if (t == TypeManager.intptr_type) {
7740 return OpCodes.Stobj;
7741 } else if (t.IsValueType) {
7743 return OpCodes.Stobj;
7745 return OpCodes.Stelem_Ref;
7748 MethodInfo FetchGetMethod ()
7750 ModuleBuilder mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
7751 int arg_count = ea.Arguments.Count;
7752 Type [] args = new Type [arg_count];
7755 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++){
7756 //args [i++] = a.Type;
7757 args [i] = TypeManager.int32_type;
7760 get = mb.GetArrayMethod (
7761 ea.Expr.Type, "Get",
7762 CallingConventions.HasThis |
7763 CallingConventions.Standard,
7769 MethodInfo FetchAddressMethod ()
7771 ModuleBuilder mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
7772 int arg_count = ea.Arguments.Count;
7773 Type [] args = new Type [arg_count];
7777 ret_type = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (type);
7779 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++){
7780 //args [i++] = a.Type;
7781 args [i] = TypeManager.int32_type;
7784 address = mb.GetArrayMethod (
7785 ea.Expr.Type, "Address",
7786 CallingConventions.HasThis |
7787 CallingConventions.Standard,
7794 // Load the array arguments into the stack.
7796 // If we have been requested to cache the values (cached_locations array
7797 // initialized), then load the arguments the first time and store them
7798 // in locals. otherwise load from local variables.
7800 void LoadArrayAndArguments (EmitContext ec)
7802 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
7805 foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments){
7806 Type argtype = a.Expr.Type;
7810 if (argtype == TypeManager.int64_type)
7811 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I);
7812 else if (argtype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
7813 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I_Un);
7817 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
7819 int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
7820 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
7823 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
7826 EmitLoadOpcode (ig, type);
7830 method = FetchGetMethod ();
7831 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method);
7834 LoadFromPtr (ec.ig, this.type);
7837 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7838 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, this.type);
7843 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7848 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
7850 int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
7851 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
7852 Type t = source.Type;
7853 prepared = prepare_for_load;
7855 if (prepare_for_load) {
7856 AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
7857 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7860 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7861 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, this.type);
7864 StoreFromPtr (ec.ig, t);
7872 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
7876 OpCode op = GetStoreOpcode (t, out is_stobj);
7878 // The stobj opcode used by value types will need
7879 // an address on the stack, not really an array/array
7883 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, t);
7887 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7888 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, this.type);
7893 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, t);
7897 ModuleBuilder mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
7898 int arg_count = ea.Arguments.Count;
7899 Type [] args = new Type [arg_count + 1];
7904 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7905 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, this.type);
7909 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++){
7910 //args [i++] = a.Type;
7911 args [i] = TypeManager.int32_type;
7914 args [arg_count] = type;
7916 set = mb.GetArrayMethod (
7917 ea.Expr.Type, "Set",
7918 CallingConventions.HasThis |
7919 CallingConventions.Standard,
7920 TypeManager.void_type, args);
7922 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, set);
7929 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
7931 int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
7932 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
7934 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
7937 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, type);
7939 MethodInfo address = FetchAddressMethod ();
7940 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, address);
7947 public ArrayList Properties;
7948 static Hashtable map;
7950 public struct Indexer {
7951 public readonly Type Type;
7952 public readonly MethodInfo Getter, Setter;
7954 public Indexer (Type type, MethodInfo get, MethodInfo set)
7964 map = new Hashtable ();
7969 Properties = new ArrayList ();
7972 void Append (MemberInfo [] mi)
7974 foreach (PropertyInfo property in mi){
7975 MethodInfo get, set;
7977 get = property.GetGetMethod (true);
7978 set = property.GetSetMethod (true);
7979 Properties.Add (new Indexer (property.PropertyType, get, set));
7983 static private MemberInfo [] GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (Type caller_type, Type lookup_type)
7985 string p_name = TypeManager.IndexerPropertyName (lookup_type);
7987 MemberInfo [] mi = TypeManager.MemberLookup (
7988 caller_type, caller_type, lookup_type, MemberTypes.Property,
7989 BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance |
7990 BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly, p_name, null);
7992 if (mi == null || mi.Length == 0)
7998 static public Indexers GetIndexersForType (Type caller_type, Type lookup_type, Location loc)
8000 Indexers ix = (Indexers) map [lookup_type];
8005 Type copy = lookup_type;
8006 while (copy != TypeManager.object_type && copy != null){
8007 MemberInfo [] mi = GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (caller_type, copy);
8011 ix = new Indexers ();
8016 copy = copy.BaseType;
8019 if (!lookup_type.IsInterface)
8022 TypeExpr [] ifaces = TypeManager.GetInterfaces (lookup_type);
8023 if (ifaces != null) {
8024 foreach (TypeExpr iface in ifaces) {
8025 Type itype = iface.Type;
8026 MemberInfo [] mi = GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (caller_type, itype);
8029 ix = new Indexers ();
8041 /// Expressions that represent an indexer call.
8043 public class IndexerAccess : Expression, IAssignMethod {
8045 // Points to our "data" repository
8047 MethodInfo get, set;
8048 ArrayList set_arguments;
8049 bool is_base_indexer;
8051 protected Type indexer_type;
8052 protected Type current_type;
8053 protected Expression instance_expr;
8054 protected ArrayList arguments;
8056 public IndexerAccess (ElementAccess ea, Location loc)
8057 : this (ea.Expr, false, loc)
8059 this.arguments = ea.Arguments;
8062 protected IndexerAccess (Expression instance_expr, bool is_base_indexer,
8065 this.instance_expr = instance_expr;
8066 this.is_base_indexer = is_base_indexer;
8067 this.eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8071 protected virtual bool CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
8073 indexer_type = instance_expr.Type;
8074 current_type = ec.ContainerType;
8079 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8081 ArrayList AllGetters = new ArrayList();
8082 if (!CommonResolve (ec))
8086 // Step 1: Query for all `Item' *properties*. Notice
8087 // that the actual methods are pointed from here.
8089 // This is a group of properties, piles of them.
8091 bool found_any = false, found_any_getters = false;
8092 Type lookup_type = indexer_type;
8095 ilist = Indexers.GetIndexersForType (current_type, lookup_type, loc);
8096 if (ilist != null) {
8098 if (ilist.Properties != null) {
8099 foreach (Indexers.Indexer ix in ilist.Properties) {
8100 if (ix.Getter != null)
8101 AllGetters.Add(ix.Getter);
8106 if (AllGetters.Count > 0) {
8107 found_any_getters = true;
8108 get = (MethodInfo) Invocation.OverloadResolve (
8109 ec, new MethodGroupExpr (AllGetters, loc),
8110 arguments, false, loc);
8114 Report.Error (21, loc,
8115 "Type `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (indexer_type) +
8116 "' does not have any indexers defined");
8120 if (!found_any_getters) {
8121 Error (154, "indexer can not be used in this context, because " +
8122 "it lacks a `get' accessor");
8127 Error (1501, "No Overload for method `this' takes `" +
8128 arguments.Count + "' arguments");
8133 // Only base will allow this invocation to happen.
8135 if (get.IsAbstract && this is BaseIndexerAccess){
8136 Report.Error (205, loc, "Cannot call an abstract base indexer: " + Invocation.FullMethodDesc (get));
8140 type = get.ReturnType;
8141 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe){
8146 eclass = ExprClass.IndexerAccess;
8150 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
8152 ArrayList AllSetters = new ArrayList();
8153 if (!CommonResolve (ec))
8156 bool found_any = false, found_any_setters = false;
8158 Indexers ilist = Indexers.GetIndexersForType (current_type, indexer_type, loc);
8159 if (ilist != null) {
8161 if (ilist.Properties != null) {
8162 foreach (Indexers.Indexer ix in ilist.Properties) {
8163 if (ix.Setter != null)
8164 AllSetters.Add(ix.Setter);
8168 if (AllSetters.Count > 0) {
8169 found_any_setters = true;
8170 set_arguments = (ArrayList) arguments.Clone ();
8171 set_arguments.Add (new Argument (right_side, Argument.AType.Expression));
8172 set = (MethodInfo) Invocation.OverloadResolve (
8173 ec, new MethodGroupExpr (AllSetters, loc),
8174 set_arguments, false, loc);
8178 Report.Error (21, loc,
8179 "Type `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (indexer_type) +
8180 "' does not have any indexers defined");
8184 if (!found_any_setters) {
8185 Error (154, "indexer can not be used in this context, because " +
8186 "it lacks a `set' accessor");
8191 Error (1501, "No Overload for method `this' takes `" +
8192 arguments.Count + "' arguments");
8197 // Only base will allow this invocation to happen.
8199 if (set.IsAbstract && this is BaseIndexerAccess){
8200 Report.Error (205, loc, "Cannot call an abstract base indexer: " + Invocation.FullMethodDesc (set));
8205 // Now look for the actual match in the list of indexers to set our "return" type
8207 type = TypeManager.void_type; // default value
8208 foreach (Indexers.Indexer ix in ilist.Properties){
8209 if (ix.Setter == set){
8215 eclass = ExprClass.IndexerAccess;
8219 bool prepared = false;
8220 LocalTemporary temp;
8222 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
8224 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, is_base_indexer, false, instance_expr, get, arguments, loc, prepared, false);
8226 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8227 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, Type);
8233 // source is ignored, because we already have a copy of it from the
8234 // LValue resolution and we have already constructed a pre-cached
8235 // version of the arguments (ea.set_arguments);
8237 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
8239 prepared = prepare_for_load;
8240 Argument a = (Argument) set_arguments [set_arguments.Count - 1];
8245 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8246 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, Type);
8249 } else if (leave_copy) {
8250 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, Type);
8256 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, is_base_indexer, false, instance_expr, set, set_arguments, loc, false, prepared);
8263 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8270 /// The base operator for method names
8272 public class BaseAccess : Expression {
8275 public BaseAccess (string member, Location l)
8277 this.member = member;
8281 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8283 Expression c = CommonResolve (ec);
8289 // MethodGroups use this opportunity to flag an error on lacking ()
8291 if (!(c is MethodGroupExpr))
8292 return c.Resolve (ec);
8296 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
8298 Expression c = CommonResolve (ec);
8304 // MethodGroups use this opportunity to flag an error on lacking ()
8306 if (! (c is MethodGroupExpr))
8307 return c.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
8312 Expression CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
8314 Expression member_lookup;
8315 Type current_type = ec.ContainerType;
8316 Type base_type = current_type.BaseType;
8320 Error (1511, "Keyword base is not allowed in static method");
8324 if (ec.IsFieldInitializer){
8325 Error (1512, "Keyword base is not available in the current context");
8329 member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec, ec.ContainerType, null, base_type, member,
8330 AllMemberTypes, AllBindingFlags, loc);
8331 if (member_lookup == null) {
8332 MemberLookupFailed (ec, base_type, base_type, member, null, loc);
8339 left = new TypeExpression (base_type, loc);
8341 left = ec.GetThis (loc);
8343 e = MemberAccess.ResolveMemberAccess (ec, member_lookup, left, loc, null);
8345 if (e is PropertyExpr){
8346 PropertyExpr pe = (PropertyExpr) e;
8351 if (e is MethodGroupExpr)
8352 ((MethodGroupExpr) e).IsBase = true;
8357 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8359 throw new Exception ("Should never be called");
8364 /// The base indexer operator
8366 public class BaseIndexerAccess : IndexerAccess {
8367 public BaseIndexerAccess (ArrayList args, Location loc)
8368 : base (null, true, loc)
8370 arguments = new ArrayList ();
8371 foreach (Expression tmp in args)
8372 arguments.Add (new Argument (tmp, Argument.AType.Expression));
8375 protected override bool CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
8377 instance_expr = ec.GetThis (loc);
8379 current_type = ec.ContainerType.BaseType;
8380 indexer_type = current_type;
8382 foreach (Argument a in arguments){
8383 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
8392 /// This class exists solely to pass the Type around and to be a dummy
8393 /// that can be passed to the conversion functions (this is used by
8394 /// foreach implementation to typecast the object return value from
8395 /// get_Current into the proper type. All code has been generated and
8396 /// we only care about the side effect conversions to be performed
8398 /// This is also now used as a placeholder where a no-action expression
8399 /// is needed (the `New' class).
8401 public class EmptyExpression : Expression {
8402 public static readonly EmptyExpression Null = new EmptyExpression ();
8404 // TODO: should be protected
8405 public EmptyExpression ()
8407 type = TypeManager.object_type;
8408 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8409 loc = Location.Null;
8412 public EmptyExpression (Type t)
8415 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8416 loc = Location.Null;
8419 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8424 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8426 // nothing, as we only exist to not do anything.
8430 // This is just because we might want to reuse this bad boy
8431 // instead of creating gazillions of EmptyExpressions.
8432 // (CanImplicitConversion uses it)
8434 public void SetType (Type t)
8440 public class UserCast : Expression {
8444 public UserCast (MethodInfo method, Expression source, Location l)
8446 this.method = method;
8447 this.source = source;
8448 type = method.ReturnType;
8449 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8453 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8456 // We are born fully resolved
8461 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8463 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8467 if (method is MethodInfo)
8468 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
8470 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
8476 // This class is used to "construct" the type during a typecast
8477 // operation. Since the Type.GetType class in .NET can parse
8478 // the type specification, we just use this to construct the type
8479 // one bit at a time.
8481 public class ComposedCast : TypeExpr {
8485 public ComposedCast (Expression left, string dim, Location l)
8492 public override TypeExpr DoResolveAsTypeStep (EmitContext ec)
8494 TypeExpr lexpr = left.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
8498 Type ltype = lexpr.ResolveType (ec);
8500 if ((ltype == TypeManager.void_type) && (dim != "*")) {
8501 Report.Error (1547, Location,
8502 "Keyword 'void' cannot be used in this context");
8507 // ltype.Fullname is already fully qualified, so we can skip
8508 // a lot of probes, and go directly to TypeManager.LookupType
8510 string cname = ltype.FullName + dim;
8511 type = TypeManager.LookupTypeDirect (cname);
8514 // For arrays of enumerations we are having a problem
8515 // with the direct lookup. Need to investigate.
8517 // For now, fall back to the full lookup in that case.
8519 type = RootContext.LookupType (
8520 ec.DeclSpace, cname, false, loc);
8526 if (!ec.InUnsafe && type.IsPointer){
8531 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
8535 public override string Name {
8543 // This class is used to represent the address of an array, used
8544 // only by the Fixed statement, this is like the C "&a [0]" construct.
8546 public class ArrayPtr : Expression {
8549 public ArrayPtr (Expression array, Location l)
8551 Type array_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (array.Type);
8555 type = TypeManager.GetPointerType (array_type);
8556 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8560 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8562 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8565 IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, 0);
8566 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, TypeManager.GetElementType (array.Type));
8569 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8572 // We are born fully resolved
8579 // Used by the fixed statement
8581 public class StringPtr : Expression {
8584 public StringPtr (LocalBuilder b, Location l)
8587 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8588 type = TypeManager.char_ptr_type;
8592 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8594 // This should never be invoked, we are born in fully
8595 // initialized state.
8600 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8602 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8604 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, b);
8605 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
8606 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, TypeManager.int_get_offset_to_string_data);
8607 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
8612 // Implements the `stackalloc' keyword
8614 public class StackAlloc : Expression {
8619 public StackAlloc (Expression type, Expression count, Location l)
8626 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8628 count = count.Resolve (ec);
8632 if (count.Type != TypeManager.int32_type){
8633 count = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, count, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
8638 Constant c = count as Constant;
8639 if (c != null && c.IsNegative) {
8640 Report.Error (247, loc, "Cannot use a negative size with stackalloc");
8644 if (ec.CurrentBranching.InCatch () ||
8645 ec.CurrentBranching.InFinally (true)) {
8647 "stackalloc can not be used in a catch or finally block");
8651 TypeExpr texpr = t.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
8655 otype = texpr.ResolveType (ec);
8657 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnManaged (otype, loc))
8660 type = TypeManager.GetPointerType (otype);
8661 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8666 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8668 int size = GetTypeSize (otype);
8669 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8672 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, otype);
8674 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, size);
8676 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Mul);
8677 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Localloc);