2 // expression.cs: Expression representation for the IL tree.
5 // Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com)
7 // (C) 2001 Ximian, Inc.
11 // Maybe we should make Resolve be an instance method that just calls
12 // the virtual DoResolve function and checks conditions like the eclass
13 // and type being set if a non-null value is returned. For robustness
19 using System.Collections;
20 using System.Diagnostics;
21 using System.Reflection;
22 using System.Reflection.Emit;
26 // The ExprClass class contains the is used to pass the
27 // classification of an expression (value, variable, namespace,
28 // type, method group, property access, event access, indexer access,
31 public enum ExprClass {
35 Variable, // Every Variable should implement LValue
46 // Base class for expressions
48 public abstract class Expression {
49 protected ExprClass eclass;
62 public ExprClass ExprClass {
73 // Utility wrapper routine for Error, just to beautify the code
75 static protected void Error (int error, string s)
77 Report.Error (error, s);
80 static protected void Error (int error, Location loc, string s)
82 Report.Error (error, loc, s);
86 // Utility wrapper routine for Warning, just to beautify the code
88 static protected void Warning (int warning, string s)
90 Report.Warning (warning, s);
94 // Performs semantic analysis on the Expression
98 // The Resolve method is invoked to perform the semantic analysis
101 // The return value is an expression (it can be the
102 // same expression in some cases) or a new
103 // expression that better represents this node.
105 // For example, optimizations of Unary (LiteralInt)
106 // would return a new LiteralInt with a negated
109 // If there is an error during semantic analysis,
110 // then an error should be reported (using Report)
111 // and a null value should be returned.
113 // There are two side effects expected from calling
114 // Resolve(): the the field variable "eclass" should
115 // be set to any value of the enumeration
116 // `ExprClass' and the type variable should be set
117 // to a valid type (this is the type of the
121 public abstract Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec);
125 // Currently Resolve wraps DoResolve to perform sanity
126 // checking and assertion checking on what we expect from Resolve
129 public Expression Resolve (EmitContext ec)
131 Expression e = DoResolve (ec);
137 if (e.ExprClass == ExprClass.Invalid)
138 throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
139 " ExprClass is Invalid after resolve");
141 if (e.ExprClass != ExprClass.MethodGroup)
143 throw new Exception ("Expression " + e +
144 " did not set its type after Resolve");
147 e = ((LValue) e).LValueResolve (ec);
154 // Emits the code for the expression
159 // The Emit method is invoked to generate the code
160 // for the expression.
163 public abstract void Emit (EmitContext ec);
166 // Protected constructor. Only derivate types should
167 // be able to be created
170 protected Expression ()
172 eclass = ExprClass.Invalid;
177 // Returns a literalized version of a literal FieldInfo
179 static Expression Literalize (FieldInfo fi)
181 Type t = fi.FieldType;
182 object v = fi.GetValue (fi);
184 if (t == TypeManager.int32_type)
185 return new IntLiteral ((int) v);
186 else if (t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
187 return new UIntLiteral ((uint) v);
188 else if (t == TypeManager.int64_type)
189 return new LongLiteral ((long) v);
190 else if (t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
191 return new ULongLiteral ((ulong) v);
192 else if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
193 return new FloatLiteral ((float) v);
194 else if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
195 return new DoubleLiteral ((double) v);
196 else if (t == TypeManager.string_type)
197 return new StringLiteral ((string) v);
198 else if (t == TypeManager.short_type)
199 return new IntLiteral ((int) ((short)v));
200 else if (t == TypeManager.ushort_type)
201 return new IntLiteral ((int) ((ushort)v));
202 else if (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
203 return new IntLiteral ((int) ((sbyte)v));
204 else if (t == TypeManager.byte_type)
205 return new IntLiteral ((int) ((byte)v));
206 else if (t == TypeManager.char_type)
207 return new IntLiteral ((int) ((char)v));
209 throw new Exception ("Unknown type for literal (" + v.GetType () +
210 "), details: " + fi);
214 // Returns a fully formed expression after a MemberLookup
216 static Expression ExprClassFromMemberInfo (EmitContext ec, MemberInfo mi, Location loc)
218 if (mi is EventInfo){
219 return new EventExpr ((EventInfo) mi, loc);
220 } else if (mi is FieldInfo){
221 FieldInfo fi = (FieldInfo) mi;
224 Expression e = Literalize (fi);
229 return new FieldExpr (fi);
230 } else if (mi is PropertyInfo){
231 return new PropertyExpr ((PropertyInfo) mi, loc);
232 } else if (mi is Type)
233 return new TypeExpr ((Type) mi);
239 // FIXME: Probably implement a cache for (t,name,current_access_set)?
241 // FIXME: We need to cope with access permissions here, or this wont
244 // This code could use some optimizations, but we need to do some
245 // measurements. For example, we could use a delegate to `flag' when
246 // something can not any longer be a method-group (because it is something
250 // If the return value is an Array, then it is an array of
253 // If the return value is an MemberInfo, it is anything, but a Method
257 // FIXME: When calling MemberLookup inside an `Invocation', we should pass
258 // the arguments here and have MemberLookup return only the methods that
259 // match the argument count/type, unlike we are doing now (we delay this
262 // This is so we can catch correctly attempts to invoke instance methods
263 // from a static body (scan for error 120 in ResolveSimpleName).
265 public static Expression MemberLookup (EmitContext ec, Type t, string name,
266 bool same_type, MemberTypes mt,
267 BindingFlags bf, Location loc)
270 bf |= BindingFlags.NonPublic;
272 MemberInfo [] mi = ec.TypeContainer.RootContext.TypeManager.FindMembers (
273 t, mt, bf, Type.FilterName, name);
278 // FIXME : How does this wierd case arise ?
282 if (mi.Length == 1 && !(mi [0] is MethodBase))
283 return Expression.ExprClassFromMemberInfo (ec, mi [0], loc);
285 for (int i = 0; i < mi.Length; i++)
286 if (!(mi [i] is MethodBase)){
287 Error (-5, "Do not know how to reproduce this case: " +
288 "Methods and non-Method with the same name, " +
289 "report this please");
291 for (i = 0; i < mi.Length; i++){
292 Type tt = mi [i].GetType ();
294 Console.WriteLine (i + ": " + mi [i]);
295 while (tt != TypeManager.object_type){
296 Console.WriteLine (tt);
302 return new MethodGroupExpr (mi);
305 public const MemberTypes AllMemberTypes =
306 MemberTypes.Constructor |
310 MemberTypes.NestedType |
311 MemberTypes.Property;
313 public const BindingFlags AllBindingsFlags =
314 BindingFlags.Public |
315 BindingFlags.Static |
316 BindingFlags.Instance;
318 public static Expression MemberLookup (EmitContext ec, Type t, string name,
319 bool same_type, Location loc)
321 return MemberLookup (ec, t, name, same_type, AllMemberTypes, AllBindingsFlags, loc);
325 // I am in general unhappy with this implementation.
327 // I need to revise this.
330 // static public Expression ResolveMemberAccess (EmitContext ec, string name)
332 // Expression left_e = null;
333 // int dot_pos = name.LastIndexOf (".");
334 // string left = name.Substring (0, dot_pos);
335 // string right = name.Substring (dot_pos + 1);
338 // if ((t = ec.TypeContainer.LookupType (left, false)) != null){
341 // left_e = new TypeExpr (t);
342 // e = new MemberAccess (left_e, right);
343 // return e.Resolve (ec);
346 // // FIXME: IMplement:
349 // // T.P Static property access (P) on Type T.
350 // // e.P instance property access on instance e for P.
355 // if (left_e == null){
356 // Error (246, "Can not find type or namespace `"+left+"'");
360 // switch (left_e.ExprClass){
361 // case ExprClass.Type:
362 // return MemberLookup (ec,
363 // left_e.Type, right,
364 // left_e.Type == ec.TypeContainer.TypeBuilder);
366 // case ExprClass.Namespace:
367 // case ExprClass.PropertyAccess:
368 // case ExprClass.IndexerAccess:
369 // case ExprClass.Variable:
370 // case ExprClass.Value:
371 // case ExprClass.Nothing:
372 // case ExprClass.EventAccess:
373 // case ExprClass.MethodGroup:
374 // case ExprClass.Invalid:
375 // throw new Exception ("Should have got the " + left_e.ExprClass +
376 // " handled before");
382 static public Expression ImplicitReferenceConversion (Expression expr, Type target_type)
384 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
386 if (target_type == TypeManager.object_type) {
387 if (expr_type.IsClass)
388 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
389 if (expr_type.IsValueType)
390 return new BoxedCast (expr);
391 } else if (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (target_type)) {
392 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
394 // from any class-type S to any interface-type T.
395 if (expr_type.IsClass && target_type.IsInterface) {
396 Type [] interfaces = expr_type.FindInterfaces (Module.FilterTypeName,
397 target_type.FullName);
398 if (interfaces != null)
399 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
402 // from any interface type S to interface-type T.
403 // FIXME : Is it right to use IsAssignableFrom ?
404 if (expr_type.IsInterface && target_type.IsInterface)
405 if (target_type.IsAssignableFrom (expr_type))
406 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
409 // from an array-type S to an array-type of type T
410 if (expr_type.IsArray && target_type.IsArray) {
412 Console.WriteLine ("{0} -> {1}", expr_type, target_type);
413 throw new Exception ("Implement array conversion");
417 // from an array-type to System.Array
418 if (expr_type.IsArray && target_type.IsAssignableFrom (expr_type))
419 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
421 // from any delegate type to System.Delegate
422 if (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type) &&
423 target_type == TypeManager.delegate_type)
424 if (target_type.IsAssignableFrom (expr_type))
425 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
427 // from any array-type or delegate type into System.ICloneable.
428 if (expr_type.IsArray || expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type))
429 if (target_type == TypeManager.icloneable_type)
430 throw new Exception ("Implement conversion to System.ICloneable");
432 // from the null type to any reference-type.
433 if (expr is NullLiteral)
434 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
444 // Handles expressions like this: decimal d; d = 1;
445 // and changes them into: decimal d; d = new System.Decimal (1);
447 static Expression InternalTypeConstructor (EmitContext ec, Expression expr, Type target)
449 ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
451 args.Add (new Argument (expr, Argument.AType.Expression));
453 Expression ne = new New (target.FullName, args,
456 return ne.Resolve (ec);
460 // Implicit Numeric Conversions.
462 // expr is the expression to convert, returns a new expression of type
463 // target_type or null if an implicit conversion is not possible.
466 static public Expression ImplicitNumericConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
467 Type target_type, Location loc)
469 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
472 // Attempt to do the implicit constant expression conversions
474 if (expr is IntLiteral){
477 e = TryImplicitIntConversion (target_type, (IntLiteral) expr);
480 } else if (expr is LongLiteral){
482 // Try the implicit constant expression conversion
483 // from long to ulong, instead of a nice routine,
486 if (((LongLiteral) expr).Value > 0)
487 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
490 if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
492 // From sbyte to short, int, long, float, double.
494 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
495 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
496 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
497 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
498 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
499 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
500 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
501 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
502 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
503 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
504 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
505 return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
506 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
508 // From byte to short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
510 if ((target_type == TypeManager.short_type) ||
511 (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
512 (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
513 (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type))
514 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
516 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
517 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
518 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
519 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
521 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
522 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
523 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
524 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
525 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
526 return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
527 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type){
529 // From short to int, long, float, double
531 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
532 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
533 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
534 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
535 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
536 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
537 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
538 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
539 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
540 return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
541 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
543 // From ushort to int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
545 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
546 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
548 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
549 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
550 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
551 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
552 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
553 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
554 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
555 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
556 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
557 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
558 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
559 return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
560 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
562 // From int to long, float, double
564 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
565 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
566 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
567 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
568 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
569 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
570 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
571 return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
572 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
574 // From uint to long, ulong, float, double
576 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
577 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
578 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
579 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
580 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
581 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R_Un,
583 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
584 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R_Un,
586 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
587 return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
588 } else if ((expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
589 (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type)){
591 // From long/ulong to float, double
593 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
594 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R_Un,
596 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
597 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R_Un,
599 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
600 return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
601 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type){
603 // From char to ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
605 if ((target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
606 (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
607 (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type))
608 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
609 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
610 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
611 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
612 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
613 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
614 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
615 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
616 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
617 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
618 return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
619 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type){
623 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
624 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R8);
631 // Determines if a standard implicit conversion exists from
632 // expr_type to target_type
634 public static bool StandardConversionExists (Type expr_type, Type target_type)
636 if (expr_type == target_type)
639 // First numeric conversions
641 if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
643 // From sbyte to short, int, long, float, double.
645 if ((target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
646 (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
647 (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
648 (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
649 (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) ||
650 (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
653 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
655 // From byte to short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
657 if ((target_type == TypeManager.short_type) ||
658 (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
659 (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
660 (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
661 (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
662 (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
663 (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
664 (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
665 (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
668 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type){
670 // From short to int, long, float, double
672 if ((target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
673 (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
674 (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
675 (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
676 (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
679 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
681 // From ushort to int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
683 if ((target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
684 (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
685 (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
686 (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
687 (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
688 (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
689 (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
692 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
694 // From int to long, float, double
696 if ((target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
697 (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
698 (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
699 (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
702 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
704 // From uint to long, ulong, float, double
706 if ((target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
707 (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
708 (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
709 (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
710 (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
713 } else if ((expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
714 (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type)) {
716 // From long/ulong to float, double
718 if ((target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
719 (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
720 (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
723 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type){
725 // From char to ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, float, double
727 if ((target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
728 (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
729 (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
730 (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
731 (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
732 (target_type == TypeManager.float_type) ||
733 (target_type == TypeManager.double_type) ||
734 (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type))
737 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type){
741 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
745 // Next reference conversions
747 if (target_type == TypeManager.object_type) {
748 if ((expr_type.IsClass) ||
749 (expr_type.IsValueType))
752 } else if (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (target_type)) {
756 // from any class-type S to any interface-type T.
757 if (expr_type.IsClass && target_type.IsInterface)
760 // from any interface type S to interface-type T.
761 // FIXME : Is it right to use IsAssignableFrom ?
762 if (expr_type.IsInterface && target_type.IsInterface)
763 if (target_type.IsAssignableFrom (expr_type))
766 // from an array-type S to an array-type of type T
767 if (expr_type.IsArray && target_type.IsArray)
770 // from an array-type to System.Array
771 if (expr_type.IsArray && target_type.IsAssignableFrom (expr_type))
774 // from any delegate type to System.Delegate
775 if (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type) &&
776 target_type == TypeManager.delegate_type)
777 if (target_type.IsAssignableFrom (expr_type))
780 // from any array-type or delegate type into System.ICloneable.
781 if (expr_type.IsArray || expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type))
782 if (target_type == TypeManager.icloneable_type)
785 // from the null type to any reference-type.
786 // FIXME : How do we do this ?
794 // Finds "most encompassed type" according to the spec (13.4.2)
795 // amongst the methods in the MethodGroupExpr which convert from a
796 // type encompassing source_type
798 static Type FindMostEncompassedType (MethodGroupExpr me, Type source_type)
802 for (int i = me.Methods.Length; i > 0; ) {
805 MethodBase mb = me.Methods [i];
806 ParameterData pd = Invocation.GetParameterData (mb);
807 Type param_type = pd.ParameterType (0);
809 if (StandardConversionExists (source_type, param_type)) {
813 if (StandardConversionExists (param_type, best))
822 // Finds "most encompassing type" according to the spec (13.4.2)
823 // amongst the methods in the MethodGroupExpr which convert to a
824 // type encompassed by target_type
826 static Type FindMostEncompassingType (MethodGroupExpr me, Type target)
830 for (int i = me.Methods.Length; i > 0; ) {
833 MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) me.Methods [i];
834 Type ret_type = mi.ReturnType;
836 if (StandardConversionExists (ret_type, target)) {
840 if (!StandardConversionExists (ret_type, best))
852 // User-defined Implicit conversions
854 static public Expression ImplicitUserConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression source,
855 Type target, Location loc)
857 return UserDefinedConversion (ec, source, target, loc, false);
861 // User-defined Explicit conversions
863 static public Expression ExplicitUserConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression source,
864 Type target, Location loc)
866 return UserDefinedConversion (ec, source, target, loc, true);
870 // User-defined conversions
872 static public Expression UserDefinedConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression source,
873 Type target, Location loc,
874 bool look_for_explicit)
876 Expression mg1 = null, mg2 = null, mg3 = null, mg4 = null;
877 Expression mg5 = null, mg6 = null, mg7 = null, mg8 = null;
879 MethodBase method = null;
880 Type source_type = source.Type;
884 // If we have a boolean type, we need to check for the True operator
886 // FIXME : How does the False operator come into the picture ?
887 // FIXME : This doesn't look complete and very correct !
888 if (target == TypeManager.bool_type)
891 op_name = "op_Implicit";
893 mg1 = MemberLookup (ec, source_type, op_name, false, loc);
895 if (source_type.BaseType != null)
896 mg2 = MemberLookup (ec, source_type.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
898 mg3 = MemberLookup (ec, target, op_name, false, loc);
900 if (target.BaseType != null)
901 mg4 = MemberLookup (ec, target.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
903 MethodGroupExpr union1 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg1, mg2);
904 MethodGroupExpr union2 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg3, mg4);
906 MethodGroupExpr union3 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (union1, union2);
908 MethodGroupExpr union4 = null;
910 if (look_for_explicit) {
912 op_name = "op_Explicit";
914 mg5 = MemberLookup (ec, source_type, op_name, false, loc);
916 if (source_type.BaseType != null)
917 mg6 = MemberLookup (ec, source_type.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
919 mg7 = MemberLookup (ec, target, op_name, false, loc);
921 if (target.BaseType != null)
922 mg8 = MemberLookup (ec, target.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
924 MethodGroupExpr union5 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg5, mg6);
925 MethodGroupExpr union6 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (mg7, mg8);
927 union4 = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (union5, union6);
930 MethodGroupExpr union = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (union3, union4);
934 Type most_specific_source, most_specific_target;
936 most_specific_source = FindMostEncompassedType (union, source_type);
937 if (most_specific_source == null)
940 most_specific_target = FindMostEncompassingType (union, target);
941 if (most_specific_target == null)
946 for (int i = union.Methods.Length; i > 0;) {
949 MethodBase mb = union.Methods [i];
950 ParameterData pd = Invocation.GetParameterData (mb);
951 MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) union.Methods [i];
953 if (pd.ParameterType (0) == most_specific_source &&
954 mi.ReturnType == most_specific_target) {
960 if (method == null || count > 1) {
961 Report.Error (-11, loc, "Ambiguous user defined conversion");
966 // This will do the conversion to the best match that we
967 // found. Now we need to perform an implict standard conversion
968 // if the best match was not the type that we were requested
971 if (look_for_explicit)
972 source=ConvertExplicit (ec, source, most_specific_source, loc);
974 source = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, source,
975 most_specific_source, loc);
980 e = new UserCast ((MethodInfo) method, source);
982 if (e.Type != target){
983 if (!look_for_explicit)
984 e = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, e, target, loc);
986 e = ConvertExplicitStandard (ec, e, target, loc);
997 // Converts implicitly the resolved expression `expr' into the
998 // `target_type'. It returns a new expression that can be used
999 // in a context that expects a `target_type'.
1001 static public Expression ConvertImplicit (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
1002 Type target_type, Location loc)
1004 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
1007 if (expr_type == target_type)
1010 e = ImplicitNumericConversion (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
1014 e = ImplicitReferenceConversion (expr, target_type);
1018 e = ImplicitUserConversion (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
1022 if (target_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type) && expr is IntLiteral){
1023 IntLiteral i = (IntLiteral) expr;
1026 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
1034 // Attempts to apply the `Standard Implicit
1035 // Conversion' rules to the expression `expr' into
1036 // the `target_type'. It returns a new expression
1037 // that can be used in a context that expects a
1040 // This is different from `ConvertImplicit' in that the
1041 // user defined implicit conversions are excluded.
1043 static public Expression ConvertImplicitStandard (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
1044 Type target_type, Location loc)
1046 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
1049 if (expr_type == target_type)
1052 e = ImplicitNumericConversion (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
1056 e = ImplicitReferenceConversion (expr, target_type);
1060 if (target_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type) && expr is IntLiteral){
1061 IntLiteral i = (IntLiteral) expr;
1064 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
1069 // Attemps to perform an implict constant conversion of the IntLiteral
1070 // into a different data type using casts (See Implicit Constant
1071 // Expression Conversions)
1073 static protected Expression TryImplicitIntConversion (Type target_type, IntLiteral il)
1075 int value = il.Value;
1077 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
1078 if (value >= SByte.MinValue && value <= SByte.MaxValue)
1080 } else if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
1081 if (Byte.MinValue >= 0 && value <= Byte.MaxValue)
1083 } else if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type){
1084 if (value >= Int16.MinValue && value <= Int16.MaxValue)
1086 } else if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
1087 if (value >= UInt16.MinValue && value <= UInt16.MaxValue)
1089 } else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
1091 // we can optimize this case: a positive int32
1092 // always fits on a uint32
1096 } else if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
1098 // we can optimize this case: a positive int32
1099 // always fits on a uint64. But we need an opcode
1103 return new OpcodeCast (il, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
1110 // Attemptes to implicityly convert `target' into `type', using
1111 // ConvertImplicit. If there is no implicit conversion, then
1112 // an error is signaled
1114 static public Expression ConvertImplicitRequired (EmitContext ec, Expression target,
1115 Type type, Location loc)
1119 e = ConvertImplicit (ec, target, type, loc);
1123 string msg = "Can not convert implicitly from `"+
1124 TypeManager.CSharpName (target.Type) + "' to `" +
1125 TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "'";
1127 Error (29, loc, msg);
1133 // Performs the explicit numeric conversions
1135 static Expression ConvertNumericExplicit (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
1138 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
1140 if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
1142 // From sbyte to byte, ushort, uint, ulong, char
1144 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
1145 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
1146 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1147 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1148 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1149 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
1150 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1151 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
1152 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1153 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1154 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
1156 // From byte to sbyte and char
1158 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1159 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
1160 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1161 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1162 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type){
1164 // From short to sbyte, byte, ushort, uint, ulong, char
1166 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1167 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
1168 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
1169 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
1170 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1171 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1172 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1173 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
1174 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1175 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
1176 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1177 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1178 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
1180 // From ushort to sbyte, byte, short, char
1182 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1183 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
1184 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
1185 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
1186 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1187 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
1188 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1189 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1190 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
1192 // From int to sbyte, byte, short, ushort, uint, ulong, char
1194 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1195 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
1196 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
1197 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
1198 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1199 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
1200 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1201 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1202 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1203 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
1204 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1205 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
1206 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1207 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1208 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
1210 // From uint to sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, char
1212 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1213 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
1214 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
1215 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
1216 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1217 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
1218 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1219 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1220 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1221 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
1222 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1223 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1224 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
1226 // From long to sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, ulong, char
1228 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1229 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
1230 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
1231 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
1232 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1233 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
1234 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1235 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1236 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1237 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
1238 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1239 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
1240 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1241 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
1242 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1243 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1244 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
1246 // From ulong to sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, char
1248 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1249 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
1250 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
1251 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
1252 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1253 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
1254 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1255 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1256 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1257 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
1258 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1259 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
1260 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1261 return new EmptyCast (expr, target_type);
1262 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1263 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1264 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type){
1266 // From char to sbyte, byte, short
1268 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1269 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
1270 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
1271 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
1272 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1273 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
1274 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type){
1276 // From float to sbyte, byte, short,
1277 // ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char
1280 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1281 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
1282 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
1283 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
1284 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1285 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
1286 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1287 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1288 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1289 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
1290 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1291 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
1292 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1293 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
1294 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1295 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
1296 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1297 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1298 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1299 return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
1300 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.double_type){
1302 // From double to byte, byte, short,
1303 // ushort, int, uint, long, ulong,
1304 // char, float or decimal
1306 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1307 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I1);
1308 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
1309 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U1);
1310 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1311 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I2);
1312 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1313 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1314 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1315 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I4);
1316 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1317 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U4);
1318 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1319 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_I8);
1320 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1321 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U8);
1322 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1323 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_U2);
1324 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1325 return new OpcodeCast (expr, target_type, OpCodes.Conv_R4);
1326 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1327 return InternalTypeConstructor (ec, expr, target_type);
1330 // decimal is taken care of by the op_Explicit methods.
1336 // Implements Explicit Reference conversions
1338 static Expression ConvertReferenceExplicit (Expression source, Type target_type)
1340 Type source_type = source.Type;
1341 bool target_is_value_type = target_type.IsValueType;
1344 // From object to any reference type
1346 if (source_type == TypeManager.object_type && !target_is_value_type)
1347 return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
1351 // From any class S to any class-type T, provided S is a base class of T
1353 if (target_type.IsSubclassOf (source_type))
1354 return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
1357 // From any interface type S to any interface T provided S is not derived from T
1359 if (source_type.IsInterface && target_type.IsInterface){
1360 if (!target_type.IsSubclassOf (source_type))
1361 return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
1365 // From any class type S to any interface T, provides S is not sealed
1366 // and provided S does not implement T.
1368 if (target_type.IsInterface && !source_type.IsSealed &&
1369 !target_type.IsAssignableFrom (source_type))
1370 return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
1373 // From any interface-type S to to any class type T, provided T is not
1374 // sealed, or provided T implements S.
1376 if (source_type.IsInterface &&
1377 (!target_type.IsSealed || source_type.IsAssignableFrom (target_type)))
1378 return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
1384 // From an array typ eS with an element type Se to an array type T with an
1385 // element type Te provided all the following are true:
1386 // * S and T differe only in element type, in other words, S and T
1387 // have the same number of dimensions.
1388 // * Both Se and Te are reference types
1389 // * An explicit referenc conversions exist from Se to Te
1392 // From System.Array to any array-type
1393 if (source_type == TypeManager.array_type &&
1394 target_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.array_type)){
1395 return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
1399 // From System delegate to any delegate-type
1401 if (source_type == TypeManager.delegate_type &&
1402 target_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type))
1403 return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
1406 // From ICloneable to Array or Delegate types
1408 if (source_type == TypeManager.icloneable_type &&
1409 (target_type == TypeManager.array_type ||
1410 target_type == TypeManager.delegate_type))
1411 return new ClassCast (source, target_type);
1417 // Performs an explicit conversion of the expression `expr' whose
1418 // type is expr.Type to `target_type'.
1420 static public Expression ConvertExplicit (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
1421 Type target_type, Location loc)
1423 Expression ne = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
1428 ne = ConvertNumericExplicit (ec, expr, target_type);
1432 ne = ConvertReferenceExplicit (expr, target_type);
1436 ne = ExplicitUserConversion (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
1440 Report.Error (30, loc, "Cannot convert type '" + TypeManager.CSharpName (expr.Type) + "' to '"
1441 + TypeManager.CSharpName (target_type) + "'");
1446 // Same as ConverExplicit, only it doesn't include user defined conversions
1448 static public Expression ConvertExplicitStandard (EmitContext ec, Expression expr,
1449 Type target_type, Location l)
1451 Expression ne = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, expr, target_type, l);
1456 ne = ConvertNumericExplicit (ec, expr, target_type);
1460 ne = ConvertReferenceExplicit (expr, target_type);
1464 Report.Error (30, l, "Cannot convert type '" +
1465 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr.Type) + "' to '" +
1466 TypeManager.CSharpName (target_type) + "'");
1470 static string ExprClassName (ExprClass c)
1473 case ExprClass.Invalid:
1475 case ExprClass.Value:
1477 case ExprClass.Variable:
1479 case ExprClass.Namespace:
1481 case ExprClass.Type:
1483 case ExprClass.MethodGroup:
1484 return "method group";
1485 case ExprClass.PropertyAccess:
1486 return "property access";
1487 case ExprClass.EventAccess:
1488 return "event access";
1489 case ExprClass.IndexerAccess:
1490 return "indexer access";
1491 case ExprClass.Nothing:
1494 throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
1498 // Reports that we were expecting `expr' to be of class `expected'
1500 protected void report118 (Location loc, Expression expr, string expected)
1502 string kind = "Unknown";
1505 kind = ExprClassName (expr.ExprClass);
1507 Error (118, loc, "Expression denotes a '" + kind +
1508 "' where an " + expected + " was expected");
1513 // This is just a base class for expressions that can
1514 // appear on statements (invocations, object creation,
1515 // assignments, post/pre increment and decrement). The idea
1516 // being that they would support an extra Emition interface that
1517 // does not leave a result on the stack.
1520 public abstract class ExpressionStatement : Expression {
1523 // Requests the expression to be emitted in a `statement'
1524 // context. This means that no new value is left on the
1525 // stack after invoking this method (constrasted with
1526 // Emit that will always leave a value on the stack).
1528 public abstract void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec);
1532 // This kind of cast is used to encapsulate the child
1533 // whose type is child.Type into an expression that is
1534 // reported to return "return_type". This is used to encapsulate
1535 // expressions which have compatible types, but need to be dealt
1536 // at higher levels with.
1538 // For example, a "byte" expression could be encapsulated in one
1539 // of these as an "unsigned int". The type for the expression
1540 // would be "unsigned int".
1544 public class EmptyCast : Expression {
1545 protected Expression child;
1547 public EmptyCast (Expression child, Type return_type)
1549 ExprClass = child.ExprClass;
1554 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1556 // This should never be invoked, we are born in fully
1557 // initialized state.
1562 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1569 // This kind of cast is used to encapsulate Value Types in objects.
1571 // The effect of it is to box the value type emitted by the previous
1574 public class BoxedCast : EmptyCast {
1576 public BoxedCast (Expression expr)
1577 : base (expr, TypeManager.object_type)
1581 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1583 // This should never be invoked, we are born in fully
1584 // initialized state.
1589 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1592 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Box, child.Type);
1597 // This kind of cast is used to encapsulate a child expression
1598 // that can be trivially converted to a target type using one or
1599 // two opcodes. The opcodes are passed as arguments.
1601 public class OpcodeCast : EmptyCast {
1605 public OpcodeCast (Expression child, Type return_type, OpCode op)
1606 : base (child, return_type)
1610 second_valid = false;
1613 public OpcodeCast (Expression child, Type return_type, OpCode op, OpCode op2)
1614 : base (child, return_type)
1619 second_valid = true;
1622 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1624 // This should never be invoked, we are born in fully
1625 // initialized state.
1630 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1642 // This kind of cast is used to encapsulate a child and cast it
1643 // to the class requested
1645 public class ClassCast : EmptyCast {
1646 public ClassCast (Expression child, Type return_type)
1647 : base (child, return_type)
1652 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1654 // This should never be invoked, we are born in fully
1655 // initialized state.
1660 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1664 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Castclass, type);
1670 // Unary expressions.
1674 // Unary implements unary expressions. It derives from
1675 // ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
1676 // operators can be used in a statement context.
1678 public class Unary : ExpressionStatement {
1679 public enum Operator {
1680 Addition, Subtraction, Negate, BitComplement,
1681 Indirection, AddressOf, PreIncrement,
1682 PreDecrement, PostIncrement, PostDecrement
1687 ArrayList Arguments;
1691 public Unary (Operator op, Expression expr, Location loc)
1698 public Expression Expr {
1708 public Operator Oper {
1719 // Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
1724 case Operator.Addition:
1726 case Operator.Subtraction:
1728 case Operator.Negate:
1730 case Operator.BitComplement:
1732 case Operator.AddressOf:
1734 case Operator.Indirection:
1736 case Operator.PreIncrement : case Operator.PostIncrement :
1738 case Operator.PreDecrement : case Operator.PostDecrement :
1742 return oper.ToString ();
1745 Expression ForceConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression expr, Type target_type)
1747 if (expr.Type == target_type)
1750 return ConvertImplicit (ec, expr, target_type, new Location (-1));
1753 void error23 (Type t)
1756 23, loc, "Operator " + OperName () +
1757 " cannot be applied to operand of type `" +
1758 TypeManager.CSharpName (t) + "'");
1762 // Returns whether an object of type `t' can be incremented
1763 // or decremented with add/sub (ie, basically whether we can
1764 // use pre-post incr-decr operations on it, but it is not a
1765 // System.Decimal, which we test elsewhere)
1767 static bool IsIncrementableNumber (Type t)
1769 return (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
1770 (t == TypeManager.byte_type) ||
1771 (t == TypeManager.short_type) ||
1772 (t == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
1773 (t == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
1774 (t == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
1775 (t == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
1776 (t == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
1777 (t == TypeManager.char_type) ||
1778 (t.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)) ||
1779 (t == TypeManager.float_type) ||
1780 (t == TypeManager.double_type);
1783 Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
1785 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
1788 // Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
1793 if (oper == Operator.PostIncrement || oper == Operator.PreIncrement)
1794 op_name = "op_Increment";
1795 else if (oper == Operator.PostDecrement || oper == Operator.PreDecrement)
1796 op_name = "op_Decrement";
1798 op_name = "op_" + oper;
1800 mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type, op_name, false, loc);
1802 if (mg == null && expr_type.BaseType != null)
1803 mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type.BaseType, op_name, false, loc);
1806 Arguments = new ArrayList ();
1807 Arguments.Add (new Argument (expr, Argument.AType.Expression));
1809 method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg,
1811 if (method != null) {
1812 MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) method;
1813 type = mi.ReturnType;
1816 error23 (expr_type);
1823 // Step 2: Default operations on CLI native types.
1826 // Only perform numeric promotions on:
1829 if (expr_type == null)
1832 if (oper == Operator.Negate){
1833 if (expr_type != TypeManager.bool_type) {
1834 error23 (expr.Type);
1838 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
1842 if (oper == Operator.BitComplement) {
1843 if (!((expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
1844 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
1845 (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
1846 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
1847 (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)))){
1848 error23 (expr.Type);
1855 if (oper == Operator.Addition) {
1857 // A plus in front of something is just a no-op, so return the child.
1863 // Deals with -literals
1864 // int operator- (int x)
1865 // long operator- (long x)
1866 // float operator- (float f)
1867 // double operator- (double d)
1868 // decimal operator- (decimal d)
1870 if (oper == Operator.Subtraction){
1872 // Fold a "- Constant" into a negative constant
1875 Expression e = null;
1878 // Is this a constant?
1880 if (expr is IntLiteral)
1881 e = new IntLiteral (-((IntLiteral) expr).Value);
1882 else if (expr is LongLiteral)
1883 e = new LongLiteral (-((LongLiteral) expr).Value);
1884 else if (expr is FloatLiteral)
1885 e = new FloatLiteral (-((FloatLiteral) expr).Value);
1886 else if (expr is DoubleLiteral)
1887 e = new DoubleLiteral (-((DoubleLiteral) expr).Value);
1888 else if (expr is DecimalLiteral)
1889 e = new DecimalLiteral (-((DecimalLiteral) expr).Value);
1897 // Not a constant we can optimize, perform numeric
1898 // promotions to int, long, double.
1901 // The following is inneficient, because we call
1902 // ConvertImplicit too many times.
1904 // It is also not clear if we should convert to Float
1905 // or Double initially.
1907 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
1909 // FIXME: handle exception to this rule that
1910 // permits the int value -2147483648 (-2^31) to
1911 // bt written as a decimal interger literal
1913 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
1914 expr = ConvertImplicit (ec, expr, type, loc);
1918 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
1920 // FIXME: Handle exception of `long value'
1921 // -92233720368547758087 (-2^63) to be written as
1922 // decimal integer literal.
1924 error23 (expr_type);
1928 e = ConvertImplicit (ec, expr, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
1935 e = ConvertImplicit (ec, expr, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
1942 e = ConvertImplicit (ec, expr, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
1949 error23 (expr_type);
1954 // The operand of the prefix/postfix increment decrement operators
1955 // should be an expression that is classified as a variable,
1956 // a property access or an indexer access
1958 if (oper == Operator.PreDecrement || oper == Operator.PreIncrement ||
1959 oper == Operator.PostDecrement || oper == Operator.PostIncrement){
1960 if (expr.ExprClass == ExprClass.Variable){
1961 if (IsIncrementableNumber (expr_type) ||
1962 expr_type == TypeManager.decimal_type){
1966 } else if (expr.ExprClass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess){
1968 // FIXME: Verify that we have both get and set methods
1970 throw new Exception ("Implement me");
1971 } else if (expr.ExprClass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess){
1973 // FIXME: Verify that we have both get and set methods
1975 throw new Exception ("Implement me");
1977 report118 (loc, expr, "variable, indexer or property access");
1981 if (oper == Operator.AddressOf){
1982 if (expr.ExprClass != ExprClass.Variable){
1983 Error (211, "Cannot take the address of non-variables");
1986 type = Type.GetType (expr.Type.ToString () + "*");
1989 Error (187, "No such operator '" + OperName () + "' defined for type '" +
1990 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + "'");
1995 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1997 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
2002 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
2003 return ResolveOperator (ec);
2006 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
2008 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
2009 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
2011 if (method != null) {
2013 // Note that operators are static anyway
2015 if (Arguments != null)
2016 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments);
2019 // Post increment/decrement operations need a copy at this
2022 if (oper == Operator.PostDecrement || oper == Operator.PostIncrement)
2023 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
2026 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
2029 // Pre Increment and Decrement operators
2031 if (oper == Operator.PreIncrement || oper == Operator.PreDecrement){
2032 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
2036 // Increment and Decrement should store the result
2038 if (oper == Operator.PreDecrement || oper == Operator.PreIncrement ||
2039 oper == Operator.PostDecrement || oper == Operator.PostIncrement){
2040 ((LValue) expr).Store (ec);
2046 case Operator.Addition:
2047 throw new Exception ("This should be caught by Resolve");
2049 case Operator.Subtraction:
2051 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Neg);
2054 case Operator.Negate:
2056 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2057 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
2060 case Operator.BitComplement:
2062 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Not);
2065 case Operator.AddressOf:
2066 ((MemoryLocation)expr).AddressOf (ec);
2069 case Operator.Indirection:
2070 throw new Exception ("Not implemented yet");
2072 case Operator.PreIncrement:
2073 case Operator.PreDecrement:
2074 if (expr.ExprClass == ExprClass.Variable){
2076 // Resolve already verified that it is an "incrementable"
2079 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
2081 if (oper == Operator.PreDecrement)
2082 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
2084 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
2085 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
2086 ((LValue) expr).Store (ec);
2088 throw new Exception ("Handle Indexers and Properties here");
2092 case Operator.PostIncrement:
2093 case Operator.PostDecrement:
2094 if (expr.ExprClass == ExprClass.Variable){
2096 // Resolve already verified that it is an "incrementable"
2099 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
2100 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
2102 if (oper == Operator.PostDecrement)
2103 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
2105 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
2106 ((LValue) expr).Store (ec);
2108 throw new Exception ("Handle Indexers and Properties here");
2113 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
2114 + oper.ToString ());
2119 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
2122 // FIXME: we should rewrite this code to generate
2123 // better code for ++ and -- as we know we wont need
2124 // the values on the stack
2127 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
2131 public class Probe : Expression {
2132 public readonly string ProbeType;
2133 public readonly Operator Oper;
2137 public enum Operator {
2141 public Probe (Operator oper, Expression expr, string probe_type)
2144 ProbeType = probe_type;
2148 public Expression Expr {
2154 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
2156 probe_type = ec.TypeContainer.LookupType (ProbeType, false);
2158 if (probe_type == null)
2161 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
2163 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2164 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
2169 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
2171 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
2175 if (Oper == Operator.Is){
2176 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type);
2177 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldnull);
2178 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
2180 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type);
2186 // This represents a typecast in the source language.
2188 // FIXME: Cast expressions have an unusual set of parsing
2189 // rules, we need to figure those out.
2191 public class Cast : Expression {
2196 public Cast (string cast_type, Expression expr, Location loc)
2198 this.target_type = cast_type;
2203 public string TargetType {
2209 public Expression Expr {
2218 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
2220 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
2224 type = ec.TypeContainer.LookupType (target_type, false);
2225 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
2230 expr = ConvertExplicit (ec, expr, type, loc);
2235 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
2238 // This one will never happen
2240 throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
2244 public class Binary : Expression {
2245 public enum Operator {
2246 Multiply, Division, Modulus,
2247 Addition, Subtraction,
2248 LeftShift, RightShift,
2249 LessThan, GreaterThan, LessThanOrEqual, GreaterThanOrEqual,
2250 Equality, Inequality,
2259 Expression left, right;
2261 ArrayList Arguments;
2265 public Binary (Operator oper, Expression left, Expression right, Location loc)
2273 public Operator Oper {
2282 public Expression Left {
2291 public Expression Right {
2302 // Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
2307 case Operator.Multiply:
2309 case Operator.Division:
2311 case Operator.Modulus:
2313 case Operator.Addition:
2315 case Operator.Subtraction:
2317 case Operator.LeftShift:
2319 case Operator.RightShift:
2321 case Operator.LessThan:
2323 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2325 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2327 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2329 case Operator.Equality:
2331 case Operator.Inequality:
2333 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2335 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2337 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2339 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2341 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2345 return oper.ToString ();
2348 Expression ForceConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression expr, Type target_type)
2350 if (expr.Type == target_type)
2353 return ConvertImplicit (ec, expr, target_type, new Location (-1));
2357 // Note that handling the case l == Decimal || r == Decimal
2358 // is taken care of by the Step 1 Operator Overload resolution.
2360 void DoNumericPromotions (EmitContext ec, Type l, Type r)
2362 if (l == TypeManager.double_type || r == TypeManager.double_type){
2364 // If either operand is of type double, the other operand is
2365 // conveted to type double.
2367 if (r != TypeManager.double_type)
2368 right = ConvertImplicit (ec, right, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
2369 if (l != TypeManager.double_type)
2370 left = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
2372 type = TypeManager.double_type;
2373 } else if (l == TypeManager.float_type || r == TypeManager.float_type){
2375 // if either operand is of type float, th eother operand is
2376 // converd to type float.
2378 if (r != TypeManager.double_type)
2379 right = ConvertImplicit (ec, right, TypeManager.float_type, loc);
2380 if (l != TypeManager.double_type)
2381 left = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.float_type, loc);
2382 type = TypeManager.float_type;
2383 } else if (l == TypeManager.uint64_type || r == TypeManager.uint64_type){
2387 // If either operand is of type ulong, the other operand is
2388 // converted to type ulong. or an error ocurrs if the other
2389 // operand is of type sbyte, short, int or long
2392 if (l == TypeManager.uint64_type){
2393 if (r != TypeManager.uint64_type && right is IntLiteral){
2394 e = TryImplicitIntConversion (l, (IntLiteral) right);
2400 if (left is IntLiteral){
2401 e = TryImplicitIntConversion (r, (IntLiteral) left);
2408 if ((other == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
2409 (other == TypeManager.short_type) ||
2410 (other == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
2411 (other == TypeManager.int64_type)){
2412 string oper = OperName ();
2414 Error (34, loc, "Operator `" + OperName ()
2415 + "' is ambiguous on operands of type `"
2416 + TypeManager.CSharpName (l) + "' "
2417 + "and `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (r)
2420 type = TypeManager.uint64_type;
2421 } else if (l == TypeManager.int64_type || r == TypeManager.int64_type){
2423 // If either operand is of type long, the other operand is converted
2426 if (l != TypeManager.int64_type)
2427 left = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
2428 if (r != TypeManager.int64_type)
2429 right = ConvertImplicit (ec, right, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
2431 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
2432 } else if (l == TypeManager.uint32_type || r == TypeManager.uint32_type){
2434 // If either operand is of type uint, and the other
2435 // operand is of type sbyte, short or int, othe operands are
2436 // converted to type long.
2440 if (l == TypeManager.uint32_type)
2442 else if (r == TypeManager.uint32_type)
2445 if ((other == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
2446 (other == TypeManager.short_type) ||
2447 (other == TypeManager.int32_type)){
2448 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type);
2449 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int64_type);
2450 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
2453 // if either operand is of type uint, the other
2454 // operand is converd to type uint
2456 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint32_type);
2457 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.uint32_type);
2458 type = TypeManager.uint32_type;
2460 } else if (l == TypeManager.decimal_type || r == TypeManager.decimal_type){
2461 if (l != TypeManager.decimal_type)
2462 left = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.decimal_type, loc);
2463 if (r != TypeManager.decimal_type)
2464 right = ConvertImplicit (ec, right, TypeManager.decimal_type, loc);
2466 type = TypeManager.decimal_type;
2468 Expression l_tmp, r_tmp;
2470 l_tmp = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int32_type);
2471 if (l_tmp == null) {
2477 r_tmp = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int32_type);
2478 if (r_tmp == null) {
2484 type = TypeManager.int32_type;
2491 "Operator " + OperName () + " cannot be applied to operands of type `" +
2492 TypeManager.CSharpName (left.Type) + "' and `" +
2493 TypeManager.CSharpName (right.Type) + "'");
2497 Expression CheckShiftArguments (EmitContext ec)
2501 Type r = right.Type;
2503 e = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int32_type);
2510 if (((e = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.int32_type, loc)) != null) ||
2511 ((e = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.uint32_type, loc)) != null) ||
2512 ((e = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type, loc)) != null) ||
2513 ((e = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.uint64_type, loc)) != null)){
2523 Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
2526 Type r = right.Type;
2529 // Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
2531 Expression left_expr, right_expr;
2533 string op = "op_" + oper;
2535 left_expr = MemberLookup (ec, l, op, false, loc);
2536 if (left_expr == null && l.BaseType != null)
2537 left_expr = MemberLookup (ec, l.BaseType, op, false, loc);
2539 right_expr = MemberLookup (ec, r, op, false, loc);
2540 if (right_expr == null && r.BaseType != null)
2541 right_expr = MemberLookup (ec, r.BaseType, op, false, loc);
2543 MethodGroupExpr union = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (left_expr, right_expr);
2545 if (union != null) {
2546 Arguments = new ArrayList ();
2547 Arguments.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
2548 Arguments.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
2550 method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (ec, union, Arguments, loc);
2551 if (method != null) {
2552 MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) method;
2553 type = mi.ReturnType;
2562 // Step 2: Default operations on CLI native types.
2565 // Only perform numeric promotions on:
2566 // +, -, *, /, %, &, |, ^, ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
2568 if (oper == Operator.Addition){
2570 // If any of the arguments is a string, cast to string
2572 if (l == TypeManager.string_type){
2573 if (r == TypeManager.string_type){
2575 method = TypeManager.string_concat_string_string;
2578 method = TypeManager.string_concat_object_object;
2579 right = ConvertImplicit (ec, right,
2580 TypeManager.object_type, loc);
2582 type = TypeManager.string_type;
2584 Arguments = new ArrayList ();
2585 Arguments.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
2586 Arguments.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
2590 } else if (r == TypeManager.string_type){
2592 method = TypeManager.string_concat_object_object;
2593 Arguments = new ArrayList ();
2594 Arguments.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
2595 Arguments.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
2597 left = ConvertImplicit (ec, left, TypeManager.object_type, loc);
2598 type = TypeManager.string_type;
2604 // FIXME: is Delegate operator + (D x, D y) handled?
2608 if (oper == Operator.LeftShift || oper == Operator.RightShift)
2609 return CheckShiftArguments (ec);
2611 if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr || oper == Operator.LogicalAnd){
2612 if (l != TypeManager.bool_type || r != TypeManager.bool_type)
2615 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2620 // We are dealing with numbers
2623 DoNumericPromotions (ec, l, r);
2625 if (left == null || right == null)
2629 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd ||
2630 oper == Operator.BitwiseOr ||
2631 oper == Operator.ExclusiveOr){
2632 if (!((l == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
2633 (l == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
2634 (l == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
2635 (l == TypeManager.uint64_type))){
2642 if (oper == Operator.Equality ||
2643 oper == Operator.Inequality ||
2644 oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual ||
2645 oper == Operator.LessThan ||
2646 oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual ||
2647 oper == Operator.GreaterThan){
2648 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2654 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
2656 left = left.Resolve (ec);
2657 right = right.Resolve (ec);
2659 if (left == null || right == null)
2662 if (left.Type == null)
2663 throw new Exception (
2664 "Resolve returned non null, but did not set the type! (" +
2666 if (right.Type == null)
2667 throw new Exception (
2668 "Resolve returned non null, but did not set the type! (" +
2671 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
2673 return ResolveOperator (ec);
2676 public bool IsBranchable ()
2678 if (oper == Operator.Equality ||
2679 oper == Operator.Inequality ||
2680 oper == Operator.LessThan ||
2681 oper == Operator.GreaterThan ||
2682 oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual ||
2683 oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual){
2690 // This entry point is used by routines that might want
2691 // to emit a brfalse/brtrue after an expression, and instead
2692 // they could use a more compact notation.
2694 // Typically the code would generate l.emit/r.emit, followed
2695 // by the comparission and then a brtrue/brfalse. The comparissions
2696 // are sometimes inneficient (there are not as complete as the branches
2697 // look for the hacks in Emit using double ceqs).
2699 // So for those cases we provide EmitBranchable that can emit the
2700 // branch with the test
2702 public void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, int target)
2705 bool close_target = false;
2711 case Operator.Equality:
2713 opcode = OpCodes.Beq_S;
2715 opcode = OpCodes.Beq;
2718 case Operator.Inequality:
2720 opcode = OpCodes.Bne_Un_S;
2722 opcode = OpCodes.Bne_Un;
2725 case Operator.LessThan:
2727 opcode = OpCodes.Blt_S;
2729 opcode = OpCodes.Blt;
2732 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2734 opcode = OpCodes.Bgt_S;
2736 opcode = OpCodes.Bgt;
2739 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2741 opcode = OpCodes.Ble_S;
2743 opcode = OpCodes.Ble;
2746 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2748 opcode = OpCodes.Bge_S;
2750 opcode = OpCodes.Ble;
2754 throw new Exception ("EmitBranchable called on non-EmitBranchable operator: "
2755 + oper.ToString ());
2758 ec.ig.Emit (opcode, target);
2761 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
2763 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
2765 Type r = right.Type;
2768 if (method != null) {
2770 // Note that operators are static anyway
2772 if (Arguments != null)
2773 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments);
2775 if (method is MethodInfo)
2776 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
2778 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
2787 case Operator.Multiply:
2789 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2790 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf;
2791 else if (l==TypeManager.uint32_type || l==TypeManager.uint64_type)
2792 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un;
2794 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2796 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2800 case Operator.Division:
2801 if (l == TypeManager.uint32_type || l == TypeManager.uint64_type)
2802 opcode = OpCodes.Div_Un;
2804 opcode = OpCodes.Div;
2807 case Operator.Modulus:
2808 if (l == TypeManager.uint32_type || l == TypeManager.uint64_type)
2809 opcode = OpCodes.Rem_Un;
2811 opcode = OpCodes.Rem;
2814 case Operator.Addition:
2816 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2817 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf;
2818 else if (l==TypeManager.uint32_type || l==TypeManager.uint64_type)
2819 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf_Un;
2821 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2823 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
2826 case Operator.Subtraction:
2828 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2829 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf;
2830 else if (l==TypeManager.uint32_type || l==TypeManager.uint64_type)
2831 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf_Un;
2833 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2835 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2838 case Operator.RightShift:
2839 opcode = OpCodes.Shr;
2842 case Operator.LeftShift:
2843 opcode = OpCodes.Shl;
2846 case Operator.Equality:
2847 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2850 case Operator.Inequality:
2851 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
2852 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2854 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2857 case Operator.LessThan:
2858 opcode = OpCodes.Clt;
2861 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2862 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt;
2865 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2866 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt);
2867 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2869 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2872 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2873 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Clt);
2874 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
2876 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2879 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2880 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2881 opcode = OpCodes.Or;
2884 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2885 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2886 opcode = OpCodes.And;
2889 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2890 opcode = OpCodes.Xor;
2894 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
2895 + oper.ToString ());
2902 public class Conditional : Expression {
2903 Expression expr, trueExpr, falseExpr;
2906 public Conditional (Expression expr, Expression trueExpr, Expression falseExpr, Location l)
2909 this.trueExpr = trueExpr;
2910 this.falseExpr = falseExpr;
2914 public Expression Expr {
2920 public Expression TrueExpr {
2926 public Expression FalseExpr {
2932 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
2934 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
2936 if (expr.Type != TypeManager.bool_type)
2937 expr = Expression.ConvertImplicitRequired (
2938 ec, expr, TypeManager.bool_type, loc);
2940 trueExpr = trueExpr.Resolve (ec);
2941 falseExpr = falseExpr.Resolve (ec);
2943 if (expr == null || trueExpr == null || falseExpr == null)
2946 if (trueExpr.Type == falseExpr.Type)
2947 type = trueExpr.Type;
2952 // First, if an implicit conversion exists from trueExpr
2953 // to falseExpr, then the result type is of type falseExpr.Type
2955 conv = ConvertImplicit (ec, trueExpr, falseExpr.Type, loc);
2957 type = falseExpr.Type;
2959 } else if ((conv = ConvertImplicit(ec, falseExpr,trueExpr.Type,loc))!= null){
2960 type = trueExpr.Type;
2963 Error (173, loc, "The type of the conditional expression can " +
2964 "not be computed because there is no implicit conversion" +
2965 " from `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (trueExpr.Type) + "'" +
2966 " and `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (falseExpr.Type) + "'");
2971 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
2975 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
2977 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
2978 Label false_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
2979 Label end_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
2982 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, false_target);
2984 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end_target);
2985 ig.MarkLabel (false_target);
2986 falseExpr.Emit (ec);
2987 ig.MarkLabel (end_target);
2992 // SimpleName expressions are initially formed of a single
2993 // word and it only happens at the beginning of the expression.
2995 // The expression will try to be bound to a Field, a Method
2996 // group or a Property. If those fail we pass the name to our
2997 // caller and the SimpleName is compounded to perform a type
2998 // lookup. The idea behind this process is that we want to avoid
2999 // creating a namespace map from the assemblies, as that requires
3000 // the GetExportedTypes function to be called and a hashtable to
3001 // be constructed which reduces startup time. If later we find
3002 // that this is slower, we should create a `NamespaceExpr' expression
3003 // that fully participates in the resolution process.
3005 // For example `System.Console.WriteLine' is decomposed into
3006 // MemberAccess (MemberAccess (SimpleName ("System"), "Console"), "WriteLine")
3008 // The first SimpleName wont produce a match on its own, so it will
3010 // MemberAccess (SimpleName ("System.Console"), "WriteLine").
3012 // System.Console will produce a TypeExpr match.
3014 // The downside of this is that we might be hitting `LookupType' too many
3015 // times with this scheme.
3017 public class SimpleName : Expression {
3018 public readonly string Name;
3019 public readonly Location Location;
3021 public SimpleName (string name, Location l)
3027 public static void Error120 (Location l, string name)
3031 "An object reference is required " +
3032 "for the non-static field `"+name+"'");
3036 // Checks whether we are trying to access an instance
3037 // property, method or field from a static body.
3039 Expression MemberStaticCheck (Expression e)
3041 if (e is FieldExpr){
3042 FieldInfo fi = ((FieldExpr) e).FieldInfo;
3045 Error120 (Location, Name);
3048 } else if (e is MethodGroupExpr){
3049 MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) e;
3051 if (!mg.RemoveInstanceMethods ()){
3052 Error120 (Location, mg.Methods [0].Name);
3056 } else if (e is PropertyExpr){
3057 if (!((PropertyExpr) e).IsStatic){
3058 Error120 (Location, Name);
3067 // 7.5.2: Simple Names.
3069 // Local Variables and Parameters are handled at
3070 // parse time, so they never occur as SimpleNames.
3072 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3077 // Stage 1: Performed by the parser (binding to local or parameters).
3081 // Stage 2: Lookup members
3083 e = MemberLookup (ec, ec.TypeContainer.TypeBuilder, Name, true, Location);
3086 // Stage 3: Lookup symbol in the various namespaces.
3090 if ((t = ec.TypeContainer.LookupType (Name, true)) != null)
3091 return new TypeExpr (t);
3094 // Stage 3 part b: Lookup up if we are an alias to a type
3097 // Since we are cheating: we only do the Alias lookup for
3098 // namespaces if the name does not include any dots in it
3101 // IMPLEMENT ME. Read mcs/mcs/TODO for ideas, or rewrite
3102 // using NamespaceExprs (dunno how that fixes the alias
3103 // per-file though).
3105 // No match, maybe our parent can compose us
3106 // into something meaningful.
3111 // Step 2, continues here.
3115 if (e is FieldExpr){
3116 FieldExpr fe = (FieldExpr) e;
3118 if (!fe.FieldInfo.IsStatic)
3119 fe.InstanceExpression = new This (Location.Null);
3123 return MemberStaticCheck (e);
3128 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3131 // If this is ever reached, then we failed to
3132 // find the name as a namespace
3135 Error (103, Location, "The name `" + Name +
3136 "' does not exist in the class `" +
3137 ec.TypeContainer.Name + "'");
3142 // A simple interface that should be implemeneted by LValues
3144 public interface LValue {
3147 // The Store method should store the contents of the top
3148 // of the stack into the storage that is implemented by
3149 // the particular implementation of LValue
3151 void Store (EmitContext ec);
3154 // Allows an LValue to perform any necessary semantic
3155 // analysis in an lvalue-context.
3158 Expression LValueResolve (EmitContext ec);
3162 // This interface is implemented by variables
3164 public interface MemoryLocation {
3166 // The AddressOf method should generate code that loads
3167 // the address of the LValue and leaves it on the stack
3169 void AddressOf (EmitContext ec);
3172 public class LocalTemporary : Expression, LValue, MemoryLocation {
3173 LocalBuilder builder;
3175 public LocalTemporary (EmitContext ec, Type t)
3178 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3179 builder = ec.GetTemporaryStorage (t);
3182 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3187 public Expression LValueResolve (EmitContext ec)
3192 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3194 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, builder);
3197 public void Store (EmitContext ec)
3199 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, builder);
3202 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec)
3204 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca, builder);
3208 public class LocalVariableReference : Expression, LValue, MemoryLocation {
3209 public readonly string Name;
3210 public readonly Block Block;
3212 VariableInfo variable_info;
3214 public LocalVariableReference (Block block, string name)
3218 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3221 public VariableInfo VariableInfo {
3223 if (variable_info == null)
3224 variable_info = Block.GetVariableInfo (Name);
3225 return variable_info;
3229 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3231 VariableInfo vi = VariableInfo;
3233 type = vi.VariableType;
3237 public Expression LValueResolve (EmitContext ec)
3242 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3244 VariableInfo vi = VariableInfo;
3245 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3252 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc_0);
3256 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc_1);
3260 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc_2);
3264 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc_3);
3269 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc_S, (byte) idx);
3271 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, idx);
3276 public static void Store (ILGenerator ig, int idx)
3280 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc_0);
3284 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc_1);
3288 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc_2);
3292 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc_3);
3297 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc_S, (byte) idx);
3299 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, idx);
3304 public void Store (EmitContext ec)
3306 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3307 VariableInfo vi = VariableInfo;
3311 // Funny seems the above generates optimal code for us, but
3312 // seems to take too long to generate what we need.
3313 // ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, vi.LocalBuilder);
3318 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec)
3320 VariableInfo vi = VariableInfo;
3327 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca_S, (byte) idx);
3329 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca, idx);
3333 public class ParameterReference : Expression, LValue, MemoryLocation {
3334 public readonly Parameters Pars;
3335 public readonly String Name;
3336 public readonly int Idx;
3339 public ParameterReference (Parameters pars, int idx, string name)
3344 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3347 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3349 Type [] types = Pars.GetParameterInfo (ec.TypeContainer);
3360 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3363 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte) arg_idx);
3365 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg, arg_idx);
3368 public void Store (EmitContext ec)
3371 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg_S, (byte) arg_idx);
3373 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg, arg_idx);
3377 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec)
3380 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga_S, (byte) arg_idx);
3382 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga, arg_idx);
3385 public Expression LValueResolve (EmitContext ec)
3392 // Used for arguments to New(), Invocation()
3394 public class Argument {
3401 public readonly AType Type;
3402 public Expression expr;
3404 public Argument (Expression expr, AType type)
3410 public Expression Expr {
3420 public bool Resolve (EmitContext ec)
3422 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
3424 return expr != null;
3427 public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3434 // Invocation of methods or delegates.
3436 public class Invocation : ExpressionStatement {
3437 public readonly ArrayList Arguments;
3438 public readonly Location Location;
3441 MethodBase method = null;
3443 static Hashtable method_parameter_cache;
3445 static Invocation ()
3447 method_parameter_cache = new Hashtable ();
3451 // arguments is an ArrayList, but we do not want to typecast,
3452 // as it might be null.
3454 // FIXME: only allow expr to be a method invocation or a
3455 // delegate invocation (7.5.5)
3457 public Invocation (Expression expr, ArrayList arguments, Location l)
3460 Arguments = arguments;
3464 public Expression Expr {
3471 // Returns the Parameters (a ParameterData interface) for the
3474 public static ParameterData GetParameterData (MethodBase mb)
3476 object pd = method_parameter_cache [mb];
3479 return (ParameterData) pd;
3481 if (mb is MethodBuilder || mb is ConstructorBuilder){
3482 MethodCore mc = TypeContainer.LookupMethodByBuilder (mb);
3484 InternalParameters ip = mc.ParameterInfo;
3485 method_parameter_cache [mb] = ip;
3487 return (ParameterData) ip;
3489 ParameterInfo [] pi = mb.GetParameters ();
3490 ReflectionParameters rp = new ReflectionParameters (pi);
3491 method_parameter_cache [mb] = rp;
3493 return (ParameterData) rp;
3498 // Tells whether a user defined conversion from Type `from' to
3499 // Type `to' exists.
3501 // FIXME: we could implement a cache here.
3503 static bool ConversionExists (EmitContext ec, Type from, Type to, Location loc)
3505 // Locate user-defined implicit operators
3509 mg = MemberLookup (ec, to, "op_Implicit", false, loc);
3512 MethodGroupExpr me = (MethodGroupExpr) mg;
3514 for (int i = me.Methods.Length; i > 0;) {
3516 MethodBase mb = me.Methods [i];
3517 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (mb);
3519 if (from == pd.ParameterType (0))
3524 mg = MemberLookup (ec, from, "op_Implicit", false, loc);
3527 MethodGroupExpr me = (MethodGroupExpr) mg;
3529 for (int i = me.Methods.Length; i > 0;) {
3531 MethodBase mb = me.Methods [i];
3532 MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) mb;
3534 if (mi.ReturnType == to)
3543 // Determines "better conversion" as specified in 7.4.2.3
3544 // Returns : 1 if a->p is better
3545 // 0 if a->q or neither is better
3547 static int BetterConversion (EmitContext ec, Argument a, Type p, Type q, bool use_standard,
3550 Type argument_type = a.Expr.Type;
3551 Expression argument_expr = a.Expr;
3553 if (argument_type == null)
3554 throw new Exception ("Expression of type " + a.Expr + " does not resolve its type");
3559 if (argument_type == p)
3562 if (argument_type == q)
3566 // Now probe whether an implicit constant expression conversion
3569 // An implicit constant expression conversion permits the following
3572 // * A constant-expression of type `int' can be converted to type
3573 // sbyte, byute, short, ushort, uint, ulong provided the value of
3574 // of the expression is withing the range of the destination type.
3576 // * A constant-expression of type long can be converted to type
3577 // ulong, provided the value of the constant expression is not negative
3579 // FIXME: Note that this assumes that constant folding has
3580 // taken place. We dont do constant folding yet.
3583 if (argument_expr is IntLiteral){
3584 IntLiteral ei = (IntLiteral) argument_expr;
3585 int value = ei.Value;
3587 if (p == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
3588 if (value >= SByte.MinValue && value <= SByte.MaxValue)
3590 } else if (p == TypeManager.byte_type){
3591 if (Byte.MinValue >= 0 && value <= Byte.MaxValue)
3593 } else if (p == TypeManager.short_type){
3594 if (value >= Int16.MinValue && value <= Int16.MaxValue)
3596 } else if (p == TypeManager.ushort_type){
3597 if (value >= UInt16.MinValue && value <= UInt16.MaxValue)
3599 } else if (p == TypeManager.uint32_type){
3601 // we can optimize this case: a positive int32
3602 // always fits on a uint32
3606 } else if (p == TypeManager.uint64_type){
3608 // we can optimize this case: a positive int32
3609 // always fits on a uint64
3614 } else if (argument_type == TypeManager.int64_type && argument_expr is LongLiteral){
3615 LongLiteral ll = (LongLiteral) argument_expr;
3617 if (p == TypeManager.uint64_type){
3628 tmp = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, argument_expr, p, loc);
3630 tmp = ConvertImplicit (ec, argument_expr, p, loc);
3639 if (ConversionExists (ec, p, q, loc) == true &&
3640 ConversionExists (ec, q, p, loc) == false)
3643 if (p == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
3644 if (q == TypeManager.byte_type || q == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
3645 q == TypeManager.uint32_type || q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
3648 if (p == TypeManager.short_type)
3649 if (q == TypeManager.ushort_type || q == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
3650 q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
3653 if (p == TypeManager.int32_type)
3654 if (q == TypeManager.uint32_type || q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
3657 if (p == TypeManager.int64_type)
3658 if (q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
3665 // Determines "Better function" and returns an integer indicating :
3666 // 0 if candidate ain't better
3667 // 1 if candidate is better than the current best match
3669 static int BetterFunction (EmitContext ec, ArrayList args,
3670 MethodBase candidate, MethodBase best,
3671 bool use_standard, Location loc)
3673 ParameterData candidate_pd = GetParameterData (candidate);
3674 ParameterData best_pd;
3680 argument_count = args.Count;
3682 if (candidate_pd.Count == 0 && argument_count == 0)
3686 if (candidate_pd.Count == argument_count) {
3688 for (int j = argument_count; j > 0;) {
3691 Argument a = (Argument) args [j];
3693 x = BetterConversion (
3694 ec, a, candidate_pd.ParameterType (j), null,
3710 best_pd = GetParameterData (best);
3712 if (candidate_pd.Count == argument_count && best_pd.Count == argument_count) {
3713 int rating1 = 0, rating2 = 0;
3715 for (int j = argument_count; j > 0;) {
3719 Argument a = (Argument) args [j];
3721 x = BetterConversion (ec, a, candidate_pd.ParameterType (j),
3722 best_pd.ParameterType (j), use_standard, loc);
3723 y = BetterConversion (ec, a, best_pd.ParameterType (j),
3724 candidate_pd.ParameterType (j), use_standard,
3731 if (rating1 > rating2)
3740 public static string FullMethodDesc (MethodBase mb)
3742 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder (mb.Name);
3743 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (mb);
3746 for (int i = pd.Count; i > 0;) {
3748 sb.Append (TypeManager.CSharpName (pd.ParameterType (i)));
3754 return sb.ToString ();
3757 public static MethodGroupExpr MakeUnionSet (Expression mg1, Expression mg2)
3759 MemberInfo [] miset;
3760 MethodGroupExpr union;
3762 if (mg1 != null && mg2 != null) {
3764 MethodGroupExpr left_set = null, right_set = null;
3765 int length1 = 0, length2 = 0;
3767 left_set = (MethodGroupExpr) mg1;
3768 length1 = left_set.Methods.Length;
3770 right_set = (MethodGroupExpr) mg2;
3771 length2 = right_set.Methods.Length;
3773 ArrayList common = new ArrayList ();
3775 for (int i = 0; i < left_set.Methods.Length; i++) {
3776 for (int j = 0; j < right_set.Methods.Length; j++) {
3777 if (left_set.Methods [i] == right_set.Methods [j])
3778 common.Add (left_set.Methods [i]);
3782 miset = new MemberInfo [length1 + length2 - common.Count];
3784 left_set.Methods.CopyTo (miset, 0);
3788 for (int j = 0; j < right_set.Methods.Length; j++)
3789 if (!common.Contains (right_set.Methods [j]))
3790 miset [length1 + k++] = right_set.Methods [j];
3792 union = new MethodGroupExpr (miset);
3796 } else if (mg1 == null && mg2 != null) {
3798 MethodGroupExpr me = (MethodGroupExpr) mg2;
3800 miset = new MemberInfo [me.Methods.Length];
3801 me.Methods.CopyTo (miset, 0);
3803 union = new MethodGroupExpr (miset);
3807 } else if (mg2 == null && mg1 != null) {
3809 MethodGroupExpr me = (MethodGroupExpr) mg1;
3811 miset = new MemberInfo [me.Methods.Length];
3812 me.Methods.CopyTo (miset, 0);
3814 union = new MethodGroupExpr (miset);
3823 // Find the Applicable Function Members (7.4.2.1)
3825 // me: Method Group expression with the members to select.
3826 // it might contain constructors or methods (or anything
3827 // that maps to a method).
3829 // Arguments: ArrayList containing resolved Argument objects.
3831 // loc: The location if we want an error to be reported, or a Null
3832 // location for "probing" purposes.
3834 // inside_user_defined: controls whether OverloadResolve should use the
3835 // ConvertImplicit or ConvertImplicitStandard during overload resolution.
3837 // Returns: The MethodBase (either a ConstructorInfo or a MethodInfo)
3838 // that is the best match of me on Arguments.
3841 public static MethodBase OverloadResolve (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
3842 ArrayList Arguments, Location loc,
3845 ArrayList afm = new ArrayList ();
3846 int best_match_idx = -1;
3847 MethodBase method = null;
3850 for (int i = me.Methods.Length; i > 0; ){
3852 MethodBase candidate = me.Methods [i];
3855 x = BetterFunction (ec, Arguments, candidate, method, use_standard, loc);
3861 method = me.Methods [best_match_idx];
3865 if (Arguments == null)
3868 argument_count = Arguments.Count;
3872 // Now we see if we can at least find a method with the same number of arguments
3873 // and then try doing implicit conversion on the arguments
3874 if (best_match_idx == -1) {
3876 for (int i = me.Methods.Length; i > 0;) {
3878 MethodBase mb = me.Methods [i];
3879 pd = GetParameterData (mb);
3881 if (pd.Count == argument_count) {
3883 method = me.Methods [best_match_idx];
3894 // And now convert implicitly, each argument to the required type
3896 pd = GetParameterData (method);
3898 for (int j = argument_count; j > 0;) {
3900 Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [j];
3901 Expression a_expr = a.Expr;
3902 Type parameter_type = pd.ParameterType (j);
3904 if (a_expr.Type != parameter_type){
3908 conv = ConvertImplicitStandard (ec, a_expr, parameter_type,
3911 conv = ConvertImplicit (ec, a_expr, parameter_type,
3915 if (!Location.IsNull (loc)) {
3917 "The best overloaded match for method '" + FullMethodDesc (method) +
3918 "' has some invalid arguments");
3920 "Argument " + (j+1) +
3921 ": Cannot convert from '" + TypeManager.CSharpName (a_expr.Type)
3922 + "' to '" + TypeManager.CSharpName (pd.ParameterType (j)) + "'");
3927 // Update the argument with the implicit conversion
3937 public static MethodBase OverloadResolve (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
3938 ArrayList Arguments, Location loc)
3940 return OverloadResolve (ec, me, Arguments, loc, false);
3943 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3946 // First, resolve the expression that is used to
3947 // trigger the invocation
3949 this.expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
3950 if (this.expr == null)
3953 if (!(this.expr is MethodGroupExpr)){
3954 report118 (Location, this.expr, "method group");
3959 // Next, evaluate all the expressions in the argument list
3961 if (Arguments != null){
3962 for (int i = Arguments.Count; i > 0;){
3964 Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
3966 if (!a.Resolve (ec))
3971 method = OverloadResolve (ec, (MethodGroupExpr) this.expr, Arguments,
3974 if (method == null){
3975 Error (-6, Location,
3976 "Could not find any applicable function for this argument list");
3980 if (method is MethodInfo)
3981 type = ((MethodInfo)method).ReturnType;
3983 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3987 public static void EmitArguments (EmitContext ec, MethodBase method, ArrayList Arguments)
3991 if (Arguments != null)
3992 top = Arguments.Count;
3996 for (int i = 0; i < top; i++){
3997 Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
4003 public static void EmitCall (EmitContext ec,
4004 bool is_static, Expression instance_expr,
4005 MethodBase method, ArrayList Arguments)
4007 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
4008 bool struct_call = false;
4012 // If this is ourselves, push "this"
4014 if (instance_expr == null){
4015 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
4018 // Push the instance expression
4020 if (instance_expr.Type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.value_type)){
4025 // If the expression is an LValue, then
4026 // we can optimize and use AddressOf on the
4029 // If not we have to use some temporary storage for
4031 if (instance_expr is MemoryLocation)
4032 ((MemoryLocation) instance_expr).AddressOf (ec);
4034 Type t = instance_expr.Type;
4036 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
4037 LocalBuilder temp = ec.GetTemporaryStorage (t);
4038 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, temp);
4039 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca, temp);
4042 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
4046 if (Arguments != null)
4047 EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments);
4049 if (is_static || struct_call){
4050 if (method is MethodInfo)
4051 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
4053 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
4055 if (method is MethodInfo)
4056 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Callvirt, (MethodInfo) method);
4058 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Callvirt, (ConstructorInfo) method);
4062 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4064 MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) this.expr;
4066 EmitCall (ec, method.IsStatic, mg.InstanceExpression, method, Arguments);
4069 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
4074 // Pop the return value if there is one
4076 if (method is MethodInfo){
4077 if (((MethodInfo)method).ReturnType != TypeManager.void_type)
4078 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
4083 public class New : ExpressionStatement {
4090 public readonly NType NewType;
4091 public readonly ArrayList Arguments;
4092 public readonly string RequestedType;
4094 // These are for the case when we have an array
4095 public readonly string Rank;
4096 public readonly ArrayList Initializers;
4099 MethodBase method = null;
4103 // If set, the new expression is for a value_target, and
4104 // we will not leave anything on the stack.
4106 Expression value_target;
4108 public New (string requested_type, ArrayList arguments, Location loc)
4110 RequestedType = requested_type;
4111 Arguments = arguments;
4112 NewType = NType.Object;
4116 public New (string requested_type, ArrayList exprs, string rank, ArrayList initializers, Location loc)
4118 RequestedType = requested_type;
4120 Initializers = initializers;
4121 NewType = NType.Array;
4124 Arguments = new ArrayList ();
4126 foreach (Expression e in exprs)
4127 Arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
4131 public static string FormLookupType (string base_type, int idx_count, string rank)
4133 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder (base_type);
4138 for (int i = 1; i < idx_count; i++)
4142 return sb.ToString ();
4145 public Expression ValueTypeVariable {
4147 return value_target;
4151 value_target = value;
4155 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4157 if (NewType == NType.Object) {
4158 type = ec.TypeContainer.LookupType (RequestedType, false);
4165 ml = MemberLookup (ec, type, ".ctor", false,
4166 MemberTypes.Constructor, AllBindingsFlags, Location);
4169 is_struct = type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.value_type);
4171 if (! (ml is MethodGroupExpr)){
4173 report118 (Location, ml, "method group");
4179 if (Arguments != null){
4180 for (int i = Arguments.Count; i > 0;){
4182 Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
4184 if (!a.Resolve (ec))
4189 method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
4190 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) ml,
4191 Arguments, Location);
4193 if (method == null && !is_struct) {
4194 Error (-6, Location,
4195 "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
4196 "this argument list");
4201 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
4205 if (NewType == NType.Array) {
4206 throw new Exception ("Finish array creation");
4213 // This DoEmit can be invoked in two contexts:
4214 // * As a mechanism that will leave a value on the stack (new object)
4215 // * As one that wont (init struct)
4217 // You can control whether a value is required on the stack by passing
4218 // need_value_on_stack. The code *might* leave a value on the stack
4219 // so it must be popped manually
4221 // Returns whether a value is left on the stack
4223 bool DoEmit (EmitContext ec, bool need_value_on_stack)
4225 if (method == null){
4226 MemoryLocation ml = (MemoryLocation) value_target;
4230 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments);
4231 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (ConstructorInfo) method);
4236 // It must be a value type, sanity check
4238 if (value_target != null){
4239 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
4241 if (need_value_on_stack){
4242 value_target.Emit (ec);
4248 throw new Exception ("No method and no value type");
4251 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4256 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
4258 if (DoEmit (ec, false))
4259 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
4264 // Represents the `this' construct
4266 public class This : Expression, LValue, MemoryLocation {
4269 public This (Location loc)
4274 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4276 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
4277 type = ec.TypeContainer.TypeBuilder;
4280 Report.Error (26, loc,
4281 "Keyword this not valid in static code");
4288 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4290 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
4293 public void Store (EmitContext ec)
4295 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg, 0);
4298 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec)
4300 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga_S, (byte) 0);
4303 public Expression LValueResolve (EmitContext ec)
4305 if (ec.TypeContainer is Class){
4306 Report.Error (1604, loc, "Cannot assign to `this'");
4315 // Implements the typeof operator
4317 public class TypeOf : Expression {
4318 public readonly string QueriedType;
4321 public TypeOf (string queried_type)
4323 QueriedType = queried_type;
4326 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4328 typearg = ec.TypeContainer.LookupType (QueriedType, false);
4330 if (typearg == null)
4333 type = TypeManager.type_type;
4334 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
4338 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4340 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, typearg);
4341 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, TypeManager.system_type_get_type_from_handle);
4345 public class SizeOf : Expression {
4346 public readonly string QueriedType;
4348 public SizeOf (string queried_type)
4350 this.QueriedType = queried_type;
4353 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4355 // FIXME: Implement;
4356 throw new Exception ("Unimplemented");
4360 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4362 throw new Exception ("Implement me");
4366 public class MemberAccess : Expression {
4367 public readonly string Identifier;
4369 Expression member_lookup;
4372 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string id, Location l)
4379 public Expression Expr {
4385 void error176 (Location loc, string name)
4387 Report.Error (176, loc, "Static member `" +
4388 name + "' cannot be accessed " +
4389 "with an instance reference, qualify with a " +
4390 "type name instead");
4393 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4395 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
4400 if (expr is SimpleName){
4401 SimpleName child_expr = (SimpleName) expr;
4403 expr = new SimpleName (child_expr.Name + "." + Identifier, loc);
4405 return expr.Resolve (ec);
4408 member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec, expr.Type, Identifier, false, loc);
4413 if (member_lookup is MethodGroupExpr){
4414 MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) member_lookup;
4419 if (expr is TypeExpr){
4420 if (!mg.RemoveInstanceMethods ()){
4421 SimpleName.Error120 (loc, mg.Methods [0].Name);
4425 return member_lookup;
4429 // Instance.MethodGroup
4431 if (!mg.RemoveStaticMethods ()){
4432 error176 (loc, mg.Methods [0].Name);
4436 mg.InstanceExpression = expr;
4438 return member_lookup;
4441 if (member_lookup is FieldExpr){
4442 FieldExpr fe = (FieldExpr) member_lookup;
4444 if (expr is TypeExpr){
4445 if (!fe.FieldInfo.IsStatic){
4446 error176 (loc, fe.FieldInfo.Name);
4449 return member_lookup;
4451 if (fe.FieldInfo.IsStatic){
4452 error176 (loc, fe.FieldInfo.Name);
4455 fe.InstanceExpression = expr;
4461 if (member_lookup is PropertyExpr){
4462 PropertyExpr pe = (PropertyExpr) member_lookup;
4464 if (expr is TypeExpr){
4466 SimpleName.Error120 (loc, pe.PropertyInfo.Name);
4472 error176 (loc, pe.PropertyInfo.Name);
4475 pe.InstanceExpression = expr;
4481 Console.WriteLine ("Support for " + member_lookup + " is not present yet");
4482 Environment.Exit (0);
4486 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4488 throw new Exception ("Should not happen I think");
4494 // Fully resolved expression that evaluates to a type
4496 public class TypeExpr : Expression {
4497 public TypeExpr (Type t)
4500 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
4503 override public Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4508 override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4510 throw new Exception ("Implement me");
4515 // MethodGroup Expression.
4517 // This is a fully resolved expression that evaluates to a type
4519 public class MethodGroupExpr : Expression {
4520 public MethodBase [] Methods;
4521 Expression instance_expression = null;
4523 public MethodGroupExpr (MemberInfo [] mi)
4525 Methods = new MethodBase [mi.Length];
4526 mi.CopyTo (Methods, 0);
4527 eclass = ExprClass.MethodGroup;
4531 // `A method group may have associated an instance expression'
4533 public Expression InstanceExpression {
4535 return instance_expression;
4539 instance_expression = value;
4543 override public Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4548 override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4550 throw new Exception ("This should never be reached");
4553 bool RemoveMethods (bool keep_static)
4555 ArrayList smethods = new ArrayList ();
4556 int top = Methods.Length;
4559 for (i = 0; i < top; i++){
4560 MethodBase mb = Methods [i];
4562 if (mb.IsStatic == keep_static)
4566 if (smethods.Count == 0)
4569 Methods = new MethodBase [smethods.Count];
4570 smethods.CopyTo (Methods, 0);
4576 // Removes any instance methods from the MethodGroup, returns
4577 // false if the resulting set is empty.
4579 public bool RemoveInstanceMethods ()
4581 return RemoveMethods (true);
4585 // Removes any static methods from the MethodGroup, returns
4586 // false if the resulting set is empty.
4588 public bool RemoveStaticMethods ()
4590 return RemoveMethods (false);
4595 // Fully resolved expression that evaluates to a Field
4597 public class FieldExpr : Expression, LValue, MemoryLocation {
4598 public readonly FieldInfo FieldInfo;
4599 public Expression InstanceExpression;
4601 public FieldExpr (FieldInfo fi)
4604 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
4605 type = fi.FieldType;
4608 override public Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4610 if (!FieldInfo.IsStatic){
4611 if (InstanceExpression == null){
4612 throw new Exception ("non-static FieldExpr without instance var\n" +
4613 "You have to assign the Instance variable\n" +
4614 "Of the FieldExpr to set this\n");
4617 InstanceExpression = InstanceExpression.Resolve (ec);
4618 if (InstanceExpression == null)
4625 override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4627 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
4629 if (FieldInfo.IsStatic)
4630 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldsfld, FieldInfo);
4632 InstanceExpression.Emit (ec);
4634 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldfld, FieldInfo);
4638 public void Store (EmitContext ec)
4640 if (FieldInfo.IsStatic)
4641 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stsfld, FieldInfo);
4643 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stfld, FieldInfo);
4646 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec)
4648 if (FieldInfo.IsStatic)
4649 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldsflda, FieldInfo);
4651 InstanceExpression.Emit (ec);
4652 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldflda, FieldInfo);
4656 public Expression LValueResolve (EmitContext ec)
4658 if (!FieldInfo.IsInitOnly)
4662 // InitOnly fields can only be assigned in constructors
4665 if (ec.IsConstructor)
4673 // Expression that evaluates to a Property. The Assign class
4674 // might set the `Value' expression if we are in an assignment.
4676 public class PropertyExpr : ExpressionStatement {
4677 public readonly PropertyInfo PropertyInfo;
4678 public readonly bool IsStatic;
4679 MethodInfo [] Accessors;
4682 Expression instance_expr;
4685 public PropertyExpr (PropertyInfo pi, Location l)
4688 eclass = ExprClass.PropertyAccess;
4691 Accessors = TypeManager.GetAccessors (pi);
4693 if (Accessors != null)
4694 for (int i = 0; i < Accessors.Length; i++){
4695 if (Accessors [i] != null)
4696 if (Accessors [i].IsStatic)
4700 Accessors = new MethodInfo [2];
4702 type = pi.PropertyType;
4706 // Controls the Value of the PropertyExpr. If the value
4707 // is null, then the property is being used in a `read' mode.
4708 // otherwise the property is used in assignment mode.
4710 // The value is set to a fully resolved type by assign.
4712 public Expression Value {
4723 // The instance expression associated with this expression
4725 public Expression InstanceExpression {
4727 instance_expr = value;
4731 return instance_expr;
4735 public bool VerifyAssignable ()
4737 if (!PropertyInfo.CanWrite){
4738 Report.Error (200, loc,
4739 "The property `" + PropertyInfo.Name +
4740 "' can not be assigned to, as it has not set accessor");
4747 override public Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4750 // Not really sure who should call perform the test below
4751 // given that `assignable' has special code for this.
4753 if (!PropertyInfo.CanRead){
4754 Report.Error (154, loc,
4755 "The property `" + PropertyInfo.Name +
4756 "' can not be used in " +
4757 "this context because it lacks a get accessor");
4764 override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4767 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, IsStatic, instance_expr, Accessors [0], null);
4769 Argument arg = new Argument (value, Argument.AType.Expression);
4770 ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
4773 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, IsStatic, instance_expr, Accessors [1], args);
4777 override public void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
4781 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
4787 // Fully resolved expression that evaluates to a Expression
4789 public class EventExpr : Expression {
4790 public readonly EventInfo EventInfo;
4793 public EventExpr (EventInfo ei, Location loc)
4797 eclass = ExprClass.EventAccess;
4800 override public Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4802 // We are born in resolved state.
4806 override public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4808 throw new Exception ("Implement me");
4809 // FIXME: Implement.
4813 public class CheckedExpr : Expression {
4815 public Expression Expr;
4817 public CheckedExpr (Expression e)
4822 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4824 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
4829 eclass = Expr.ExprClass;
4834 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4836 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
4838 ec.CheckState = true;
4840 ec.CheckState = last_check;
4845 public class UnCheckedExpr : Expression {
4847 public Expression Expr;
4849 public UnCheckedExpr (Expression e)
4854 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4856 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
4861 eclass = Expr.ExprClass;
4866 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4868 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
4870 ec.CheckState = false;
4872 ec.CheckState = last_check;
4877 public class ElementAccess : Expression, LValue {
4879 public ArrayList Arguments;
4880 public Expression Expr;
4884 public ElementAccess (Expression e, ArrayList e_list, Location loc)
4888 Arguments = new ArrayList ();
4889 foreach (Expression tmp in e_list)
4890 Arguments.Add (new Argument (tmp, Argument.AType.Expression));
4895 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4897 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
4899 //Console.WriteLine (Expr.ToString ());
4904 if (Arguments == null)
4907 if (Expr.ExprClass != ExprClass.Variable) {
4908 report118 (location, Expr, "variable");
4912 if (Arguments != null){
4913 for (int i = Arguments.Count; i > 0;){
4915 Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [i];
4917 if (!a.Resolve (ec))
4920 Type a_type = a.expr.Type;
4921 if (!(StandardConversionExists (a_type, TypeManager.int32_type) ||
4922 StandardConversionExists (a_type, TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
4923 StandardConversionExists (a_type, TypeManager.int64_type) ||
4924 StandardConversionExists (a_type, TypeManager.uint64_type)))
4930 // FIXME : Implement the actual storage here.
4932 throw new Exception ("Finish element access");
4936 public void Store (EmitContext ec)
4938 throw new Exception ("Implement me !");
4941 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4943 throw new Exception ("Implement me !");
4946 public Expression LValueResolve (EmitContext ec)
4952 public class BaseAccess : Expression {
4954 public enum BaseAccessType {
4959 public readonly BaseAccessType BAType;
4960 public readonly string Member;
4961 public readonly ArrayList Arguments;
4963 public BaseAccess (BaseAccessType t, string member, ArrayList args)
4971 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4973 // FIXME: Implement;
4974 throw new Exception ("Unimplemented");
4978 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4980 throw new Exception ("Unimplemented");
4985 // This class exists solely to pass the Type around and to be a dummy
4986 // that can be passed to the conversion functions (this is used by
4987 // foreach implementation to typecast the object return value from
4988 // get_Current into the proper type. All code has been generated and
4989 // we only care about the side effect conversions to be performed
4992 public class EmptyExpression : Expression {
4993 public EmptyExpression ()
4995 type = TypeManager.object_type;
4996 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
4999 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
5004 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5006 // nothing, as we only exist to not do anything.
5010 public class UserCast : Expression {
5014 public UserCast (MethodInfo method, Expression source)
5016 this.method = method;
5017 this.source = source;
5018 type = method.ReturnType;
5019 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5022 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
5025 // We are born fully resolved
5030 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5032 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5036 if (method is MethodInfo)
5037 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
5039 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
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