2 // expression.cs: Expression representation for the IL tree.
5 // Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com)
7 // (C) 2001, 2002, 2003 Ximian, Inc.
8 // (C) 2003, 2004 Novell, Inc.
12 namespace Mono.CSharp {
14 using System.Collections;
15 using System.Reflection;
16 using System.Reflection.Emit;
20 /// This is just a helper class, it is generated by Unary, UnaryMutator
21 /// when an overloaded method has been found. It just emits the code for a
24 public class StaticCallExpr : ExpressionStatement {
28 public StaticCallExpr (MethodInfo m, ArrayList a, Location l)
34 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
38 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
41 // We are born fully resolved
46 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
49 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, mi, args, false, null);
51 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, mi);
55 static public StaticCallExpr MakeSimpleCall (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr mg,
56 Expression e, Location loc)
61 args = new ArrayList (1);
62 Argument a = new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression);
64 // We need to resolve the arguments before sending them in !
65 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
69 method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
70 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, args, false, loc);
75 return new StaticCallExpr ((MethodInfo) method, args, loc);
78 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
81 if (TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (type) != TypeManager.void_type)
82 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
85 public MethodInfo Method {
90 public class ParenthesizedExpression : Expression
92 public Expression Expr;
94 public ParenthesizedExpression (Expression expr, Location loc)
100 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
102 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
106 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
108 throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
113 /// Unary expressions.
117 /// Unary implements unary expressions. It derives from
118 /// ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
119 /// operators can be used in a statement context.
121 public class Unary : Expression {
122 public enum Operator : byte {
123 UnaryPlus, UnaryNegation, LogicalNot, OnesComplement,
124 Indirection, AddressOf, TOP
127 public Operator Oper;
128 public Expression Expr;
130 public Unary (Operator op, Expression expr, Location loc)
138 /// Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
140 static public string OperName (Operator oper)
143 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
145 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
147 case Operator.LogicalNot:
149 case Operator.OnesComplement:
151 case Operator.AddressOf:
153 case Operator.Indirection:
157 return oper.ToString ();
160 public static readonly string [] oper_names;
164 oper_names = new string [(int)Operator.TOP];
166 oper_names [(int) Operator.UnaryPlus] = "op_UnaryPlus";
167 oper_names [(int) Operator.UnaryNegation] = "op_UnaryNegation";
168 oper_names [(int) Operator.LogicalNot] = "op_LogicalNot";
169 oper_names [(int) Operator.OnesComplement] = "op_OnesComplement";
170 oper_names [(int) Operator.Indirection] = "op_Indirection";
171 oper_names [(int) Operator.AddressOf] = "op_AddressOf";
174 void Error23 (Type t)
177 23, "Operator " + OperName (Oper) +
178 " cannot be applied to operand of type `" +
179 TypeManager.CSharpName (t) + "'");
183 /// The result has been already resolved:
185 /// FIXME: a minus constant -128 sbyte cant be turned into a
188 static Expression TryReduceNegative (Constant expr)
192 if (expr is IntConstant)
193 e = new IntConstant (-((IntConstant) expr).Value);
194 else if (expr is UIntConstant){
195 uint value = ((UIntConstant) expr).Value;
197 if (value < 2147483649)
198 return new IntConstant (-(int)value);
200 e = new LongConstant (-value);
202 else if (expr is LongConstant)
203 e = new LongConstant (-((LongConstant) expr).Value);
204 else if (expr is ULongConstant){
205 ulong value = ((ULongConstant) expr).Value;
207 if (value < 9223372036854775809)
208 return new LongConstant(-(long)value);
210 else if (expr is FloatConstant)
211 e = new FloatConstant (-((FloatConstant) expr).Value);
212 else if (expr is DoubleConstant)
213 e = new DoubleConstant (-((DoubleConstant) expr).Value);
214 else if (expr is DecimalConstant)
215 e = new DecimalConstant (-((DecimalConstant) expr).Value);
216 else if (expr is ShortConstant)
217 e = new IntConstant (-((ShortConstant) expr).Value);
218 else if (expr is UShortConstant)
219 e = new IntConstant (-((UShortConstant) expr).Value);
224 // This routine will attempt to simplify the unary expression when the
225 // argument is a constant. The result is returned in `result' and the
226 // function returns true or false depending on whether a reduction
227 // was performed or not
229 bool Reduce (EmitContext ec, Constant e, out Expression result)
231 Type expr_type = e.Type;
234 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
238 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
239 result = TryReduceNegative (e);
242 case Operator.LogicalNot:
243 if (expr_type != TypeManager.bool_type) {
249 BoolConstant b = (BoolConstant) e;
250 result = new BoolConstant (!(b.Value));
253 case Operator.OnesComplement:
254 if (!((expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
255 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
256 (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
257 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
258 (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)))){
261 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, e, TypeManager.int32_type)){
262 result = new Cast (new TypeExpression (TypeManager.int32_type, loc), e, loc);
263 result = result.Resolve (ec);
264 } else if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, e, TypeManager.uint32_type)){
265 result = new Cast (new TypeExpression (TypeManager.uint32_type, loc), e, loc);
266 result = result.Resolve (ec);
267 } else if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, e, TypeManager.int64_type)){
268 result = new Cast (new TypeExpression (TypeManager.int64_type, loc), e, loc);
269 result = result.Resolve (ec);
270 } else if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, e, TypeManager.uint64_type)){
271 result = new Cast (new TypeExpression (TypeManager.uint64_type, loc), e, loc);
272 result = result.Resolve (ec);
275 if (result == null || !(result is Constant)){
281 expr_type = result.Type;
282 e = (Constant) result;
285 if (e is EnumConstant){
286 EnumConstant enum_constant = (EnumConstant) e;
289 if (Reduce (ec, enum_constant.Child, out reduced)){
290 result = new EnumConstant ((Constant) reduced, enum_constant.Type);
298 if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
299 result = new IntConstant (~ ((IntConstant) e).Value);
300 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
301 result = new UIntConstant (~ ((UIntConstant) e).Value);
302 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
303 result = new LongConstant (~ ((LongConstant) e).Value);
304 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
305 result = new ULongConstant (~ ((ULongConstant) e).Value);
313 case Operator.AddressOf:
317 case Operator.Indirection:
321 throw new Exception ("Can not constant fold: " + Oper.ToString());
324 Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
326 Type expr_type = Expr.Type;
329 // Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
334 op_name = oper_names [(int) Oper];
336 mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type, op_name, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
339 Expression e = StaticCallExpr.MakeSimpleCall (
340 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, Expr, loc);
350 // Only perform numeric promotions on:
353 if (expr_type == null)
357 // Step 2: Default operations on CLI native types.
360 // Attempt to use a constant folding operation.
361 if (Expr is Constant){
364 if (Reduce (ec, (Constant) Expr, out result))
369 case Operator.LogicalNot:
370 if (expr_type != TypeManager.bool_type) {
371 Expr = ResolveBoolean (ec, Expr, loc);
378 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
381 case Operator.OnesComplement:
382 if (!((expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
383 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
384 (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
385 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
386 (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)))){
389 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
391 type = TypeManager.int32_type;
394 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.uint32_type, loc);
396 type = TypeManager.uint32_type;
399 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
401 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
404 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.uint64_type, loc);
406 type = TypeManager.uint64_type;
415 case Operator.AddressOf:
416 if (Expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable){
417 Error (211, "Cannot take the address of non-variables");
426 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnManaged (Expr.Type, loc)){
430 IVariable variable = Expr as IVariable;
431 if (!ec.InFixedInitializer && ((variable == null) || !variable.VerifyFixed (false))) {
432 Error (212, "You can only take the address of an unfixed expression inside " +
433 "of a fixed statement initializer");
437 if (ec.InFixedInitializer && ((variable != null) && variable.VerifyFixed (false))) {
438 Error (213, "You can not fix an already fixed expression");
442 // According to the specs, a variable is considered definitely assigned if you take
444 if ((variable != null) && (variable.VariableInfo != null))
445 variable.VariableInfo.SetAssigned (ec);
447 type = TypeManager.GetPointerType (Expr.Type);
450 case Operator.Indirection:
456 if (!expr_type.IsPointer){
457 Error (193, "The * or -> operator can only be applied to pointers");
462 // We create an Indirection expression, because
463 // it can implement the IMemoryLocation.
465 return new Indirection (Expr, loc);
467 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
469 // A plus in front of something is just a no-op, so return the child.
473 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
475 // Deals with -literals
476 // int operator- (int x)
477 // long operator- (long x)
478 // float operator- (float f)
479 // double operator- (double d)
480 // decimal operator- (decimal d)
482 Expression expr = null;
485 // transform - - expr into expr
488 Unary unary = (Unary) Expr;
490 if (unary.Oper == Operator.UnaryNegation)
495 // perform numeric promotions to int,
499 // The following is inneficient, because we call
500 // ImplicitConversion too many times.
502 // It is also not clear if we should convert to Float
503 // or Double initially.
505 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
507 // FIXME: handle exception to this rule that
508 // permits the int value -2147483648 (-2^31) to
509 // bt wrote as a decimal interger literal
511 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
512 Expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, type, loc);
516 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
518 // FIXME: Handle exception of `long value'
519 // -92233720368547758087 (-2^63) to be wrote as
520 // decimal integer literal.
526 if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type){
531 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
538 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
545 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
556 Error (187, "No such operator '" + OperName (Oper) + "' defined for type '" +
557 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + "'");
561 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
563 if (Oper == Operator.AddressOf)
564 Expr = Expr.ResolveLValue (ec, new EmptyExpression ());
566 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
571 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
572 return ResolveOperator (ec);
575 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right)
577 if (Oper == Operator.Indirection)
578 return base.DoResolveLValue (ec, right);
580 Error (131, "The left-hand side of an assignment must be a " +
581 "variable, property or indexer");
585 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
587 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
590 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
591 throw new Exception ("This should be caught by Resolve");
593 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
595 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
596 if (type == TypeManager.int64_type)
597 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U8);
599 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf);
602 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Neg);
607 case Operator.LogicalNot:
609 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
610 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
613 case Operator.OnesComplement:
615 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Not);
618 case Operator.AddressOf:
619 ((IMemoryLocation)Expr).AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
623 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
628 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool onTrue)
630 if (Oper == Operator.LogicalNot)
631 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, !onTrue);
633 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, onTrue);
636 public override string ToString ()
638 return "Unary (" + Oper + ", " + Expr + ")";
644 // Unary operators are turned into Indirection expressions
645 // after semantic analysis (this is so we can take the address
646 // of an indirection).
648 public class Indirection : Expression, IMemoryLocation, IAssignMethod {
650 LocalTemporary temporary;
653 public Indirection (Expression expr, Location l)
656 this.type = TypeManager.GetElementType (expr.Type);
657 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
661 void LoadExprValue (EmitContext ec)
665 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
670 LoadFromPtr (ec.ig, Type);
673 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
677 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
678 temporary = new LocalTemporary (ec, expr.Type);
679 temporary.Store (ec);
683 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
685 prepared = prepare_for_load;
689 if (prepare_for_load)
690 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
694 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
695 temporary = new LocalTemporary (ec, expr.Type);
696 temporary.Store (ec);
699 StoreFromPtr (ec.ig, type);
701 if (temporary != null)
705 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
710 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
713 // Born fully resolved
718 public override string ToString ()
720 return "*(" + expr + ")";
725 /// Unary Mutator expressions (pre and post ++ and --)
729 /// UnaryMutator implements ++ and -- expressions. It derives from
730 /// ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
731 /// operators can be used in a statement context.
733 /// FIXME: Idea, we could split this up in two classes, one simpler
734 /// for the common case, and one with the extra fields for more complex
735 /// classes (indexers require temporary access; overloaded require method)
738 public class UnaryMutator : ExpressionStatement {
740 public enum Mode : byte {
747 PreDecrement = IsDecrement,
748 PostIncrement = IsPost,
749 PostDecrement = IsPost | IsDecrement
753 bool is_expr = false;
754 bool recurse = false;
759 // This is expensive for the simplest case.
761 StaticCallExpr method;
763 public UnaryMutator (Mode m, Expression e, Location l)
770 static string OperName (Mode mode)
772 return (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PostIncrement) ?
776 void Error23 (Type t)
779 23, "Operator " + OperName (mode) +
780 " cannot be applied to operand of type `" +
781 TypeManager.CSharpName (t) + "'");
785 /// Returns whether an object of type `t' can be incremented
786 /// or decremented with add/sub (ie, basically whether we can
787 /// use pre-post incr-decr operations on it, but it is not a
788 /// System.Decimal, which we require operator overloading to catch)
790 static bool IsIncrementableNumber (Type t)
792 return (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
793 (t == TypeManager.byte_type) ||
794 (t == TypeManager.short_type) ||
795 (t == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
796 (t == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
797 (t == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
798 (t == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
799 (t == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
800 (t == TypeManager.char_type) ||
801 (t.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)) ||
802 (t == TypeManager.float_type) ||
803 (t == TypeManager.double_type) ||
804 (t.IsPointer && t != TypeManager.void_ptr_type);
807 Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
809 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
812 // Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
817 if (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PostIncrement)
818 op_name = "op_Increment";
820 op_name = "op_Decrement";
822 mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type, op_name, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
824 if (mg == null && expr_type.BaseType != null)
825 mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type.BaseType, op_name,
826 MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
829 method = StaticCallExpr.MakeSimpleCall (
830 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, expr, loc);
837 // The operand of the prefix/postfix increment decrement operators
838 // should be an expression that is classified as a variable,
839 // a property access or an indexer access
842 if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Variable){
843 LocalVariableReference var = expr as LocalVariableReference;
844 if ((var != null) && var.IsReadOnly)
845 Error (1604, "cannot assign to `" + var.Name + "' because it is readonly");
846 if (IsIncrementableNumber (expr_type) ||
847 expr_type == TypeManager.decimal_type){
850 } else if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess){
851 IndexerAccess ia = (IndexerAccess) expr;
853 expr = ia.ResolveLValue (ec, this);
858 } else if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess){
859 PropertyExpr pe = (PropertyExpr) expr;
861 if (pe.VerifyAssignable ())
866 expr.Error_UnexpectedKind ("variable, indexer or property access", loc);
870 Error (187, "No such operator '" + OperName (mode) + "' defined for type '" +
871 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + "'");
875 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
877 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
882 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
883 return ResolveOperator (ec);
886 static int PtrTypeSize (Type t)
888 return GetTypeSize (TypeManager.GetElementType (t));
892 // Loads the proper "1" into the stack based on the type, then it emits the
893 // opcode for the operation requested
895 void LoadOneAndEmitOp (EmitContext ec, Type t)
898 // Measure if getting the typecode and using that is more/less efficient
899 // that comparing types. t.GetTypeCode() is an internal call.
901 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
903 if (t == TypeManager.uint64_type || t == TypeManager.int64_type)
904 LongConstant.EmitLong (ig, 1);
905 else if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
906 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_R8, 1.0);
907 else if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
908 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_R4, 1.0F);
909 else if (t.IsPointer){
910 int n = PtrTypeSize (t);
913 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, t);
915 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, n);
917 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
920 // Now emit the operation
923 if (t == TypeManager.int32_type ||
924 t == TypeManager.int64_type){
925 if ((mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0)
926 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf);
928 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add_Ovf);
929 } else if (t == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
930 t == TypeManager.uint64_type){
931 if ((mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0)
932 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf_Un);
934 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add_Ovf_Un);
936 if ((mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0)
937 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf);
939 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add_Ovf);
942 if ((mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0)
943 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
945 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
948 if (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
950 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1);
952 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I1);
953 } else if (t == TypeManager.byte_type){
955 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1);
957 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U1);
958 } else if (t == TypeManager.short_type){
960 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I2);
962 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I2);
963 } else if (t == TypeManager.ushort_type || t == TypeManager.char_type){
965 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2);
967 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2);
972 void EmitCode (EmitContext ec, bool is_expr)
975 this.is_expr = is_expr;
976 ((IAssignMethod) expr).EmitAssign (ec, this, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PreDecrement), true);
980 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
983 // We use recurse to allow ourselfs to be the source
984 // of an assignment. This little hack prevents us from
985 // having to allocate another expression
988 ((IAssignMethod) expr).Emit (ec, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PostIncrement || mode == Mode.PostDecrement));
990 LoadOneAndEmitOp (ec, expr.Type);
992 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method.Method);
1000 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
1002 EmitCode (ec, false);
1007 /// Base class for the `Is' and `As' classes.
1011 /// FIXME: Split this in two, and we get to save the `Operator' Oper
1014 public abstract class Probe : Expression {
1015 public Expression ProbeType;
1016 protected Expression expr;
1017 protected Type probe_type;
1019 public Probe (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1021 ProbeType = probe_type;
1026 public Expression Expr {
1032 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1034 ProbeType = ProbeType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
1035 if (ProbeType == null)
1037 probe_type = ProbeType.Type;
1039 CheckObsoleteAttribute (probe_type);
1041 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1045 if (expr.Type.IsPointer) {
1046 Report.Error (244, loc, "\"is\" or \"as\" are not valid on pointer types");
1054 /// Implementation of the `is' operator.
1056 public class Is : Probe {
1057 public Is (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1058 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1063 AlwaysTrue, AlwaysNull, AlwaysFalse, LeaveOnStack, Probe
1068 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1070 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
1075 case Action.AlwaysFalse:
1076 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
1077 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, 0);
1079 case Action.AlwaysTrue:
1080 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
1081 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, 1);
1083 case Action.LeaveOnStack:
1084 // the `e != null' rule.
1085 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldnull);
1086 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
1087 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
1088 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
1091 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type);
1092 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldnull);
1093 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
1096 throw new Exception ("never reached");
1099 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool onTrue)
1101 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
1104 case Action.AlwaysFalse:
1106 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, target);
1109 case Action.AlwaysTrue:
1111 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, target);
1114 case Action.LeaveOnStack:
1115 // the `e != null' rule.
1117 ig.Emit (onTrue ? OpCodes.Brtrue : OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
1121 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type);
1122 ig.Emit (onTrue ? OpCodes.Brtrue : OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
1125 throw new Exception ("never reached");
1128 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1130 Expression e = base.DoResolve (ec);
1132 if ((e == null) || (expr == null))
1135 Type etype = expr.Type;
1136 bool warning_always_matches = false;
1137 bool warning_never_matches = false;
1139 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
1140 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1143 // First case, if at compile time, there is an implicit conversion
1144 // then e != null (objects) or true (value types)
1146 e = Convert.ImplicitConversionStandard (ec, expr, probe_type, loc);
1149 if (etype.IsValueType)
1150 action = Action.AlwaysTrue;
1152 action = Action.LeaveOnStack;
1154 warning_always_matches = true;
1155 } else if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (etype, probe_type)){
1157 // Second case: explicit reference convresion
1159 if (expr is NullLiteral)
1160 action = Action.AlwaysFalse;
1162 action = Action.Probe;
1164 action = Action.AlwaysFalse;
1165 warning_never_matches = true;
1168 if (warning_always_matches)
1169 Warning (183, "The given expression is always of the provided ('{0}') type", TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type));
1170 else if (warning_never_matches){
1171 if (!(probe_type.IsInterface || expr.Type.IsInterface))
1172 Warning (184, "The given expression is never of the provided ('{0}') type", TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type));
1180 /// Implementation of the `as' operator.
1182 public class As : Probe {
1183 public As (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1184 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1188 bool do_isinst = false;
1190 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1192 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
1197 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type);
1200 static void Error_CannotConvertType (Type source, Type target, Location loc)
1203 39, loc, "as operator can not convert from `" +
1204 TypeManager.CSharpName (source) + "' to `" +
1205 TypeManager.CSharpName (target) + "'");
1208 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1210 Expression e = base.DoResolve (ec);
1216 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1217 Type etype = expr.Type;
1219 if (TypeManager.IsValueType (probe_type)){
1220 Report.Error (77, loc, "The as operator should be used with a reference type only (" +
1221 TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type) + " is a value type)");
1226 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, expr, probe_type, loc);
1233 if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (etype, probe_type)){
1238 Error_CannotConvertType (etype, probe_type, loc);
1244 /// This represents a typecast in the source language.
1246 /// FIXME: Cast expressions have an unusual set of parsing
1247 /// rules, we need to figure those out.
1249 public class Cast : Expression {
1250 Expression target_type;
1253 public Cast (Expression cast_type, Expression expr, Location loc)
1255 this.target_type = cast_type;
1260 public Expression TargetType {
1266 public Expression Expr {
1275 bool CheckRange (EmitContext ec, long value, Type type, long min, long max)
1277 if (!ec.ConstantCheckState)
1280 if ((value < min) || (value > max)) {
1281 Error (221, "Constant value `" + value + "' cannot be converted " +
1282 "to a `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "' (use `unchecked' " +
1283 "syntax to override)");
1290 bool CheckRange (EmitContext ec, ulong value, Type type, ulong max)
1292 if (!ec.ConstantCheckState)
1296 Error (221, "Constant value `" + value + "' cannot be converted " +
1297 "to a `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "' (use `unchecked' " +
1298 "syntax to override)");
1305 bool CheckUnsigned (EmitContext ec, long value, Type type)
1307 if (!ec.ConstantCheckState)
1311 Error (221, "Constant value `" + value + "' cannot be converted " +
1312 "to a `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "' (use `unchecked' " +
1313 "syntax to override)");
1321 /// Attempts to do a compile-time folding of a constant cast.
1323 Expression TryReduce (EmitContext ec, Type target_type)
1325 Expression real_expr = expr;
1326 if (real_expr is EnumConstant)
1327 real_expr = ((EnumConstant) real_expr).Child;
1329 if (real_expr is ByteConstant){
1330 byte v = ((ByteConstant) real_expr).Value;
1332 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1333 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1335 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1337 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1338 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1339 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1340 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1341 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1342 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1343 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1344 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1345 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1346 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1347 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1348 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1349 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1350 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1351 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1352 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1353 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1354 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1355 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1356 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1358 if (real_expr is SByteConstant){
1359 sbyte v = ((SByteConstant) real_expr).Value;
1361 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1362 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1364 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1366 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1367 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1368 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1369 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1371 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1372 } if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1373 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1374 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1375 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1377 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1378 } if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1379 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1380 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
1381 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1383 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1385 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1386 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1387 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1388 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1389 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1390 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1392 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1394 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1395 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1397 if (real_expr is ShortConstant){
1398 short v = ((ShortConstant) real_expr).Value;
1400 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1401 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1403 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1405 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1406 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1408 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1410 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1411 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1413 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1415 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1416 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1417 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1418 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1420 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1422 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1423 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1424 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
1425 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1427 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1429 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1430 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1431 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1432 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1433 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1434 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1436 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1438 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1439 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1441 if (real_expr is UShortConstant){
1442 ushort v = ((UShortConstant) real_expr).Value;
1444 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1445 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1447 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1449 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1450 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1452 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1454 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1455 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1457 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1459 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1460 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1461 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1462 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1463 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1464 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1465 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1466 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1467 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1468 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1469 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1470 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1471 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1472 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1474 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1476 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1477 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1479 if (real_expr is IntConstant){
1480 int v = ((IntConstant) real_expr).Value;
1482 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1483 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1485 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1487 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1488 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1490 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1492 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1493 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1495 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1497 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1498 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt16.MinValue, UInt16.MaxValue))
1500 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1502 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1503 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int32.MinValue, Int32.MaxValue))
1505 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1507 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1508 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1509 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
1510 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1512 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1514 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1515 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1516 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1517 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1518 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1519 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1521 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1523 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1524 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1526 if (real_expr is UIntConstant){
1527 uint v = ((UIntConstant) real_expr).Value;
1529 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1530 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1532 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1534 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1535 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1537 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1539 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1540 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1542 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1544 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1545 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt16.MinValue, UInt16.MaxValue))
1547 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1549 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
1550 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int32.MinValue, Int32.MaxValue))
1552 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1554 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1555 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1556 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1557 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1558 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1559 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1560 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1561 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1562 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1563 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1565 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1567 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1568 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1570 if (real_expr is LongConstant){
1571 long v = ((LongConstant) real_expr).Value;
1573 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1574 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1576 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1578 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1579 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1581 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1583 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1584 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1586 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1588 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1589 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt16.MinValue, UInt16.MaxValue))
1591 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1593 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
1594 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int32.MinValue, Int32.MaxValue))
1596 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1598 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1599 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt32.MinValue, UInt32.MaxValue))
1601 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1603 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
1604 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1606 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1608 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1609 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1610 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1611 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1612 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1613 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1615 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1617 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1618 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1620 if (real_expr is ULongConstant){
1621 ulong v = ((ULongConstant) real_expr).Value;
1623 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1624 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MaxValue))
1626 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1628 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1629 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, (ulong) SByte.MaxValue))
1631 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1633 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1634 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, (ulong) Int16.MaxValue))
1636 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1638 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1639 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt16.MaxValue))
1641 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1643 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
1644 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int32.MaxValue))
1646 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1648 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1649 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt32.MaxValue))
1651 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1653 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) {
1654 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, (ulong) Int64.MaxValue))
1656 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1658 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1659 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1660 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1661 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1662 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1663 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MaxValue))
1665 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1667 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1668 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1670 if (real_expr is FloatConstant){
1671 float v = ((FloatConstant) real_expr).Value;
1673 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
1674 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1675 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1676 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1677 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1678 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1679 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1680 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1681 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1682 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1683 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1684 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1685 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1686 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1687 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1688 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1689 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1690 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1691 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1692 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1693 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1694 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1696 if (real_expr is DoubleConstant){
1697 double v = ((DoubleConstant) real_expr).Value;
1699 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
1700 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1701 } if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1702 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1703 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1704 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1705 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1706 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1707 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1708 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1709 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1710 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1711 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1712 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1713 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1714 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1715 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1716 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1717 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1718 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1719 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1720 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1723 if (real_expr is CharConstant){
1724 char v = ((CharConstant) real_expr).Value;
1726 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1727 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1729 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1731 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1732 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1734 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1736 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1737 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1739 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1741 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1742 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1743 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1744 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1745 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1746 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1747 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1748 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1749 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1750 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1751 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1752 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1753 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1754 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1756 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1758 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1759 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1765 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1767 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1771 TypeExpr target = target_type.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
1777 CheckObsoleteAttribute (type);
1779 if (type.IsAbstract && type.IsSealed) {
1780 Report.Error (716, loc, "Cannot convert to static type '{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1784 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1786 if (expr is Constant){
1787 Expression e = TryReduce (ec, type);
1793 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe) {
1797 expr = Convert.ExplicitConversion (ec, expr, type, loc);
1801 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1804 // This one will never happen
1806 throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
1811 /// Binary operators
1813 public class Binary : Expression {
1814 public enum Operator : byte {
1815 Multiply, Division, Modulus,
1816 Addition, Subtraction,
1817 LeftShift, RightShift,
1818 LessThan, GreaterThan, LessThanOrEqual, GreaterThanOrEqual,
1819 Equality, Inequality,
1829 Expression left, right;
1831 // This must be kept in sync with Operator!!!
1832 public static readonly string [] oper_names;
1836 oper_names = new string [(int) Operator.TOP];
1838 oper_names [(int) Operator.Multiply] = "op_Multiply";
1839 oper_names [(int) Operator.Division] = "op_Division";
1840 oper_names [(int) Operator.Modulus] = "op_Modulus";
1841 oper_names [(int) Operator.Addition] = "op_Addition";
1842 oper_names [(int) Operator.Subtraction] = "op_Subtraction";
1843 oper_names [(int) Operator.LeftShift] = "op_LeftShift";
1844 oper_names [(int) Operator.RightShift] = "op_RightShift";
1845 oper_names [(int) Operator.LessThan] = "op_LessThan";
1846 oper_names [(int) Operator.GreaterThan] = "op_GreaterThan";
1847 oper_names [(int) Operator.LessThanOrEqual] = "op_LessThanOrEqual";
1848 oper_names [(int) Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual] = "op_GreaterThanOrEqual";
1849 oper_names [(int) Operator.Equality] = "op_Equality";
1850 oper_names [(int) Operator.Inequality] = "op_Inequality";
1851 oper_names [(int) Operator.BitwiseAnd] = "op_BitwiseAnd";
1852 oper_names [(int) Operator.BitwiseOr] = "op_BitwiseOr";
1853 oper_names [(int) Operator.ExclusiveOr] = "op_ExclusiveOr";
1854 oper_names [(int) Operator.LogicalOr] = "op_LogicalOr";
1855 oper_names [(int) Operator.LogicalAnd] = "op_LogicalAnd";
1858 public Binary (Operator oper, Expression left, Expression right, Location loc)
1866 public Operator Oper {
1875 public Expression Left {
1884 public Expression Right {
1895 /// Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
1897 static string OperName (Operator oper)
1900 case Operator.Multiply:
1902 case Operator.Division:
1904 case Operator.Modulus:
1906 case Operator.Addition:
1908 case Operator.Subtraction:
1910 case Operator.LeftShift:
1912 case Operator.RightShift:
1914 case Operator.LessThan:
1916 case Operator.GreaterThan:
1918 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
1920 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
1922 case Operator.Equality:
1924 case Operator.Inequality:
1926 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
1928 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
1930 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
1932 case Operator.LogicalOr:
1934 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
1938 return oper.ToString ();
1941 public override string ToString ()
1943 return "operator " + OperName (oper) + "(" + left.ToString () + ", " +
1944 right.ToString () + ")";
1947 Expression ForceConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression expr, Type target_type)
1949 if (expr.Type == target_type)
1952 return Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
1955 public static void Error_OperatorAmbiguous (Location loc, Operator oper, Type l, Type r)
1958 34, loc, "Operator `" + OperName (oper)
1959 + "' is ambiguous on operands of type `"
1960 + TypeManager.CSharpName (l) + "' "
1961 + "and `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (r)
1965 bool IsOfType (EmitContext ec, Type l, Type r, Type t, bool check_user_conversions)
1967 if ((l == t) || (r == t))
1970 if (!check_user_conversions)
1973 if (Convert.ImplicitUserConversionExists (ec, l, t))
1975 else if (Convert.ImplicitUserConversionExists (ec, r, t))
1982 // Note that handling the case l == Decimal || r == Decimal
1983 // is taken care of by the Step 1 Operator Overload resolution.
1985 // If `check_user_conv' is true, we also check whether a user-defined conversion
1986 // exists. Note that we only need to do this if both arguments are of a user-defined
1987 // type, otherwise ConvertImplict() already finds the user-defined conversion for us,
1988 // so we don't explicitly check for performance reasons.
1990 bool DoNumericPromotions (EmitContext ec, Type l, Type r, bool check_user_conv)
1992 if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.double_type, check_user_conv)){
1994 // If either operand is of type double, the other operand is
1995 // conveted to type double.
1997 if (r != TypeManager.double_type)
1998 right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
1999 if (l != TypeManager.double_type)
2000 left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
2002 type = TypeManager.double_type;
2003 } else if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.float_type, check_user_conv)){
2005 // if either operand is of type float, the other operand is
2006 // converted to type float.
2008 if (r != TypeManager.double_type)
2009 right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.float_type, loc);
2010 if (l != TypeManager.double_type)
2011 left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.float_type, loc);
2012 type = TypeManager.float_type;
2013 } else if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.uint64_type, check_user_conv)){
2017 // If either operand is of type ulong, the other operand is
2018 // converted to type ulong. or an error ocurrs if the other
2019 // operand is of type sbyte, short, int or long
2021 if (l == TypeManager.uint64_type){
2022 if (r != TypeManager.uint64_type){
2023 if (right is IntConstant){
2024 IntConstant ic = (IntConstant) right;
2026 e = Convert.TryImplicitIntConversion (l, ic);
2029 } else if (right is LongConstant){
2030 long ll = ((LongConstant) right).Value;
2033 right = new ULongConstant ((ulong) ll);
2035 e = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (ec, right, l, loc);
2042 if (left is IntConstant){
2043 e = Convert.TryImplicitIntConversion (r, (IntConstant) left);
2046 } else if (left is LongConstant){
2047 long ll = ((LongConstant) left).Value;
2050 left = new ULongConstant ((ulong) ll);
2052 e = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (ec, left, r, loc);
2059 if ((other == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
2060 (other == TypeManager.short_type) ||
2061 (other == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
2062 (other == TypeManager.int64_type))
2063 Error_OperatorAmbiguous (loc, oper, l, r);
2065 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint64_type);
2066 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.uint64_type);
2068 type = TypeManager.uint64_type;
2069 } else if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.int64_type, check_user_conv)){
2071 // If either operand is of type long, the other operand is converted
2074 if (l != TypeManager.int64_type)
2075 left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
2076 if (r != TypeManager.int64_type)
2077 right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
2079 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
2080 } else if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.uint32_type, check_user_conv)){
2082 // If either operand is of type uint, and the other
2083 // operand is of type sbyte, short or int, othe operands are
2084 // converted to type long (unless we have an int constant).
2088 if (l == TypeManager.uint32_type){
2089 if (right is IntConstant){
2090 IntConstant ic = (IntConstant) right;
2094 right = new UIntConstant ((uint) val);
2101 } else if (r == TypeManager.uint32_type){
2102 if (left is IntConstant){
2103 IntConstant ic = (IntConstant) left;
2107 left = new UIntConstant ((uint) val);
2116 if ((other == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
2117 (other == TypeManager.short_type) ||
2118 (other == TypeManager.int32_type)){
2119 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type);
2120 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int64_type);
2121 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
2124 // if either operand is of type uint, the other
2125 // operand is converd to type uint
2127 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint32_type);
2128 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.uint32_type);
2129 type = TypeManager.uint32_type;
2131 } else if (l == TypeManager.decimal_type || r == TypeManager.decimal_type){
2132 if (l != TypeManager.decimal_type)
2133 left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.decimal_type, loc);
2135 if (r != TypeManager.decimal_type)
2136 right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.decimal_type, loc);
2137 type = TypeManager.decimal_type;
2139 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int32_type);
2140 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int32_type);
2142 type = TypeManager.int32_type;
2145 return (left != null) && (right != null);
2148 static public void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (Location loc, string name, Type l, Type r)
2150 Report.Error (19, loc,
2151 "Operator " + name + " cannot be applied to operands of type `" +
2152 TypeManager.CSharpName (l) + "' and `" +
2153 TypeManager.CSharpName (r) + "'");
2156 void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ()
2158 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (loc, OperName (oper), left.Type, right.Type);
2161 static bool is_unsigned (Type t)
2163 return (t == TypeManager.uint32_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
2164 t == TypeManager.short_type || t == TypeManager.byte_type);
2167 static bool is_user_defined (Type t)
2169 if (t.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.value_type) &&
2170 (!TypeManager.IsBuiltinType (t) || t == TypeManager.decimal_type))
2176 Expression Make32or64 (EmitContext ec, Expression e)
2180 if (t == TypeManager.int32_type || t == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
2181 t == TypeManager.int64_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
2183 Expression ee = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
2186 ee = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.uint32_type, loc);
2189 ee = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
2192 ee = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.uint64_type, loc);
2198 Expression CheckShiftArguments (EmitContext ec)
2202 e = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int32_type);
2204 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2209 if (((e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int32_type, loc)) != null) ||
2210 ((e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint32_type, loc)) != null) ||
2211 ((e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type, loc)) != null) ||
2212 ((e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint64_type, loc)) != null)){
2216 if (type == TypeManager.int32_type || type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
2217 right = new Binary (Binary.Operator.BitwiseAnd, right, new IntLiteral (31), loc);
2218 right = right.DoResolve (ec);
2220 right = new Binary (Binary.Operator.BitwiseAnd, right, new IntLiteral (63), loc);
2221 right = right.DoResolve (ec);
2226 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2230 Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
2233 Type r = right.Type;
2236 // Special cases: string comapred to null
2238 if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality){
2239 if ((!TypeManager.IsValueType (l) && (right is NullLiteral)) ||
2240 (!TypeManager.IsValueType (r) && (left is NullLiteral))) {
2241 Type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2247 if (l == TypeManager.intptr_type && r == TypeManager.intptr_type) {
2248 Type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2255 // Do not perform operator overload resolution when both sides are
2258 if (!(TypeManager.IsCLRType (l) && TypeManager.IsCLRType (r))){
2260 // Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
2262 Expression left_expr, right_expr;
2264 string op = oper_names [(int) oper];
2266 MethodGroupExpr union;
2267 left_expr = MemberLookup (ec, l, op, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
2269 right_expr = MemberLookup (
2270 ec, r, op, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
2271 union = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (left_expr, right_expr, loc);
2273 union = (MethodGroupExpr) left_expr;
2275 if (union != null) {
2276 ArrayList args = new ArrayList (2);
2277 args.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
2278 args.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
2280 MethodBase method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
2281 ec, union, args, true, Location.Null);
2283 if (method != null) {
2284 MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) method;
2286 return new BinaryMethod (mi.ReturnType, method, args);
2292 // Step 0: String concatenation (because overloading will get this wrong)
2294 if (oper == Operator.Addition){
2296 // If any of the arguments is a string, cast to string
2299 // Simple constant folding
2300 if (left is StringConstant && right is StringConstant)
2301 return new StringConstant (((StringConstant) left).Value + ((StringConstant) right).Value);
2303 if (l == TypeManager.string_type || r == TypeManager.string_type) {
2305 if (r == TypeManager.void_type || l == TypeManager.void_type) {
2306 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2310 // try to fold it in on the left
2311 if (left is StringConcat) {
2314 // We have to test here for not-null, since we can be doubly-resolved
2315 // take care of not appending twice
2318 type = TypeManager.string_type;
2319 ((StringConcat) left).Append (ec, right);
2320 return left.Resolve (ec);
2326 // Otherwise, start a new concat expression
2327 return new StringConcat (ec, loc, left, right).Resolve (ec);
2331 // Transform a + ( - b) into a - b
2333 if (right is Unary){
2334 Unary right_unary = (Unary) right;
2336 if (right_unary.Oper == Unary.Operator.UnaryNegation){
2337 oper = Operator.Subtraction;
2338 right = right_unary.Expr;
2344 if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality){
2345 if (l == TypeManager.bool_type || r == TypeManager.bool_type){
2346 if (r != TypeManager.bool_type || l != TypeManager.bool_type){
2347 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2351 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2356 // operator != (object a, object b)
2357 // operator == (object a, object b)
2359 // For this to be used, both arguments have to be reference-types.
2360 // Read the rationale on the spec (14.9.6)
2362 // Also, if at compile time we know that the classes do not inherit
2363 // one from the other, then we catch the error there.
2365 if (!(l.IsValueType || r.IsValueType)){
2366 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2371 if (l.IsSubclassOf (r) || r.IsSubclassOf (l))
2375 // Also, a standard conversion must exist from either one
2377 if (!(Convert.ImplicitStandardConversionExists (left, r) ||
2378 Convert.ImplicitStandardConversionExists (right, l))){
2379 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2383 // We are going to have to convert to an object to compare
2385 if (l != TypeManager.object_type)
2386 left = new EmptyCast (left, TypeManager.object_type);
2387 if (r != TypeManager.object_type)
2388 right = new EmptyCast (right, TypeManager.object_type);
2391 // FIXME: CSC here catches errors cs254 and cs252
2397 // One of them is a valuetype, but the other one is not.
2399 if (!l.IsValueType || !r.IsValueType) {
2400 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2405 // Only perform numeric promotions on:
2406 // +, -, *, /, %, &, |, ^, ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
2408 if (oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction) {
2409 if (l.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type)){
2410 if ((right.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup) &&
2411 (RootContext.Version != LanguageVersion.ISO_1)){
2412 Expression tmp = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, right, l, loc);
2419 if (r.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type)){
2421 ArrayList args = new ArrayList (2);
2423 args = new ArrayList (2);
2424 args.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
2425 args.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
2427 if (oper == Operator.Addition)
2428 method = TypeManager.delegate_combine_delegate_delegate;
2430 method = TypeManager.delegate_remove_delegate_delegate;
2433 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2437 return new BinaryDelegate (l, method, args);
2442 // Pointer arithmetic:
2444 // T* operator + (T* x, int y);
2445 // T* operator + (T* x, uint y);
2446 // T* operator + (T* x, long y);
2447 // T* operator + (T* x, ulong y);
2449 // T* operator + (int y, T* x);
2450 // T* operator + (uint y, T *x);
2451 // T* operator + (long y, T *x);
2452 // T* operator + (ulong y, T *x);
2454 // T* operator - (T* x, int y);
2455 // T* operator - (T* x, uint y);
2456 // T* operator - (T* x, long y);
2457 // T* operator - (T* x, ulong y);
2459 // long operator - (T* x, T *y)
2462 if (r.IsPointer && oper == Operator.Subtraction){
2464 return new PointerArithmetic (
2465 false, left, right, TypeManager.int64_type,
2468 Expression t = Make32or64 (ec, right);
2470 return new PointerArithmetic (oper == Operator.Addition, left, t, l, loc).Resolve (ec);
2472 } else if (r.IsPointer && oper == Operator.Addition){
2473 Expression t = Make32or64 (ec, left);
2475 return new PointerArithmetic (true, right, t, r, loc).Resolve (ec);
2480 // Enumeration operators
2482 bool lie = TypeManager.IsEnumType (l);
2483 bool rie = TypeManager.IsEnumType (r);
2487 // U operator - (E e, E f)
2489 if (oper == Operator.Subtraction){
2491 type = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (l);
2494 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2500 // operator + (E e, U x)
2501 // operator - (E e, U x)
2503 if (oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction){
2504 Type enum_type = lie ? l : r;
2505 Type other_type = lie ? r : l;
2506 Type underlying_type = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (enum_type);
2508 if (underlying_type != other_type){
2509 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, lie ? right : left, underlying_type, loc);
2519 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2528 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, l, loc);
2532 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2536 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, r, loc);
2541 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2546 if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality ||
2547 oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual || oper == Operator.LessThan ||
2548 oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual || oper == Operator.GreaterThan){
2549 if (left.Type != right.Type){
2550 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2553 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2557 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd ||
2558 oper == Operator.BitwiseOr ||
2559 oper == Operator.ExclusiveOr){
2563 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2567 if (oper == Operator.LeftShift || oper == Operator.RightShift)
2568 return CheckShiftArguments (ec);
2570 if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr || oper == Operator.LogicalAnd){
2571 if (l == TypeManager.bool_type && r == TypeManager.bool_type) {
2572 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2577 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2581 Expression e = new ConditionalLogicalOperator (
2582 oper == Operator.LogicalAnd, left, right, l, loc);
2583 return e.Resolve (ec);
2587 // operator & (bool x, bool y)
2588 // operator | (bool x, bool y)
2589 // operator ^ (bool x, bool y)
2591 if (l == TypeManager.bool_type && r == TypeManager.bool_type){
2592 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd ||
2593 oper == Operator.BitwiseOr ||
2594 oper == Operator.ExclusiveOr){
2601 // Pointer comparison
2603 if (l.IsPointer && r.IsPointer){
2604 if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality ||
2605 oper == Operator.LessThan || oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual ||
2606 oper == Operator.GreaterThan || oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual){
2607 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2613 // This will leave left or right set to null if there is an error
2615 bool check_user_conv = is_user_defined (l) && is_user_defined (r);
2616 DoNumericPromotions (ec, l, r, check_user_conv);
2617 if (left == null || right == null){
2618 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (loc, OperName (oper), l, r);
2623 // reload our cached types if required
2628 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd ||
2629 oper == Operator.BitwiseOr ||
2630 oper == Operator.ExclusiveOr){
2632 if (((l == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
2633 (l == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
2634 (l == TypeManager.short_type) ||
2635 (l == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
2636 (l == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
2637 (l == TypeManager.uint64_type))){
2640 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2644 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2649 if (oper == Operator.Equality ||
2650 oper == Operator.Inequality ||
2651 oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual ||
2652 oper == Operator.LessThan ||
2653 oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual ||
2654 oper == Operator.GreaterThan){
2655 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2661 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
2663 if ((oper == Operator.Subtraction) && (left is ParenthesizedExpression)) {
2664 left = ((ParenthesizedExpression) left).Expr;
2665 left = left.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type);
2669 if (left.eclass == ExprClass.Type) {
2670 Error (75, "Casting a negative value needs to have the value in parentheses.");
2674 left = left.Resolve (ec);
2675 right = right.Resolve (ec);
2677 if (left == null || right == null)
2680 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
2682 Constant rc = right as Constant;
2683 Constant lc = left as Constant;
2685 if (rc != null & lc != null){
2686 Expression e = ConstantFold.BinaryFold (
2687 ec, oper, lc, rc, loc);
2692 return ResolveOperator (ec);
2696 /// EmitBranchable is called from Statement.EmitBoolExpression in the
2697 /// context of a conditional bool expression. This function will return
2698 /// false if it is was possible to use EmitBranchable, or true if it was.
2700 /// The expression's code is generated, and we will generate a branch to `target'
2701 /// if the resulting expression value is equal to isTrue
2703 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool onTrue)
2705 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
2708 // This is more complicated than it looks, but its just to avoid
2709 // duplicated tests: basically, we allow ==, !=, >, <, >= and <=
2710 // but on top of that we want for == and != to use a special path
2711 // if we are comparing against null
2713 if ((oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality) && (left is Constant || right is Constant)) {
2714 bool my_on_true = oper == Operator.Inequality ? onTrue : !onTrue;
2717 // put the constant on the rhs, for simplicity
2719 if (left is Constant) {
2720 Expression swap = right;
2725 if (((Constant) right).IsZeroInteger) {
2728 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brtrue, target);
2730 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
2733 } else if (right is BoolConstant) {
2735 if (my_on_true != ((BoolConstant) right).Value)
2736 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brtrue, target);
2738 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
2743 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
2746 Label tests_end = ig.DefineLabel ();
2748 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, false);
2749 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
2750 ig.MarkLabel (tests_end);
2752 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
2753 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
2758 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr){
2760 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
2761 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
2764 Label tests_end = ig.DefineLabel ();
2765 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, true);
2766 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
2767 ig.MarkLabel (tests_end);
2772 } else if (!(oper == Operator.LessThan || oper == Operator.GreaterThan ||
2773 oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual || oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual ||
2774 oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality)) {
2775 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, onTrue);
2783 bool isUnsigned = is_unsigned (t) || t == TypeManager.double_type || t == TypeManager.float_type;
2786 case Operator.Equality:
2788 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
2790 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
2793 case Operator.Inequality:
2795 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
2797 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
2800 case Operator.LessThan:
2803 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
2805 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
2808 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
2810 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
2813 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2816 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
2818 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
2821 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
2823 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
2826 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2829 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
2831 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
2834 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
2836 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
2840 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2843 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
2845 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
2848 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
2850 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
2853 Console.WriteLine (oper);
2854 throw new Exception ("what is THAT");
2858 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
2860 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
2865 // Handle short-circuit operators differently
2868 if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
2869 Label load_zero = ig.DefineLabel ();
2870 Label end = ig.DefineLabel ();
2872 left.EmitBranchable (ec, load_zero, false);
2874 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end);
2876 ig.MarkLabel (load_zero);
2877 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2880 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr) {
2881 Label load_one = ig.DefineLabel ();
2882 Label end = ig.DefineLabel ();
2884 left.EmitBranchable (ec, load_one, true);
2886 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end);
2888 ig.MarkLabel (load_one);
2889 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
2897 bool isUnsigned = is_unsigned (left.Type);
2900 case Operator.Multiply:
2902 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2903 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf;
2904 else if (isUnsigned)
2905 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un;
2907 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2909 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2913 case Operator.Division:
2915 opcode = OpCodes.Div_Un;
2917 opcode = OpCodes.Div;
2920 case Operator.Modulus:
2922 opcode = OpCodes.Rem_Un;
2924 opcode = OpCodes.Rem;
2927 case Operator.Addition:
2929 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2930 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf;
2931 else if (isUnsigned)
2932 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf_Un;
2934 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
2936 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
2939 case Operator.Subtraction:
2941 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2942 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf;
2943 else if (isUnsigned)
2944 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf_Un;
2946 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2948 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2951 case Operator.RightShift:
2953 opcode = OpCodes.Shr_Un;
2955 opcode = OpCodes.Shr;
2958 case Operator.LeftShift:
2959 opcode = OpCodes.Shl;
2962 case Operator.Equality:
2963 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2966 case Operator.Inequality:
2967 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
2968 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2970 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2973 case Operator.LessThan:
2975 opcode = OpCodes.Clt_Un;
2977 opcode = OpCodes.Clt;
2980 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2982 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt_Un;
2984 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt;
2987 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2988 Type lt = left.Type;
2990 if (isUnsigned || (lt == TypeManager.double_type || lt == TypeManager.float_type))
2991 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
2993 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt);
2994 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2996 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2999 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
3000 Type le = left.Type;
3002 if (isUnsigned || (le == TypeManager.double_type || le == TypeManager.float_type))
3003 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Clt_Un);
3005 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Clt);
3007 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
3009 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
3012 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
3013 opcode = OpCodes.Or;
3016 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
3017 opcode = OpCodes.And;
3020 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
3021 opcode = OpCodes.Xor;
3025 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
3026 + oper.ToString ());
3034 // Object created by Binary when the binary operator uses an method instead of being
3035 // a binary operation that maps to a CIL binary operation.
3037 public class BinaryMethod : Expression {
3038 public MethodBase method;
3039 public ArrayList Arguments;
3041 public BinaryMethod (Type t, MethodBase m, ArrayList args)
3046 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3049 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3054 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3056 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3058 if (Arguments != null)
3059 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments, false, null);
3061 if (method is MethodInfo)
3062 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
3064 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
3069 // Represents the operation a + b [+ c [+ d [+ ...]]], where a is a string
3070 // b, c, d... may be strings or objects.
3072 public class StringConcat : Expression {
3074 bool invalid = false;
3077 public StringConcat (EmitContext ec, Location loc, Expression left, Expression right)
3080 type = TypeManager.string_type;
3081 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3083 operands = new ArrayList (2);
3088 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3096 public void Append (EmitContext ec, Expression operand)
3101 if (operand is StringConstant && operands.Count != 0) {
3102 StringConstant last_operand = operands [operands.Count - 1] as StringConstant;
3103 if (last_operand != null) {
3104 operands [operands.Count - 1] = new StringConstant (last_operand.Value + ((StringConstant) operand).Value);
3110 // Conversion to object
3112 if (operand.Type != TypeManager.string_type) {
3113 Expression no = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, operand, TypeManager.object_type, loc);
3116 Binary.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (loc, "+", TypeManager.string_type, operand.Type);
3122 operands.Add (operand);
3125 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3127 MethodInfo concat_method = null;
3130 // Are we also concating objects?
3132 bool is_strings_only = true;
3135 // Do conversion to arguments; check for strings only
3137 for (int i = 0; i < operands.Count; i ++) {
3138 Expression e = (Expression) operands [i];
3139 is_strings_only &= e.Type == TypeManager.string_type;
3142 for (int i = 0; i < operands.Count; i ++) {
3143 Expression e = (Expression) operands [i];
3145 if (! is_strings_only && e.Type == TypeManager.string_type) {
3146 // need to make sure this is an object, because the EmitParams
3147 // method might look at the type of this expression, see it is a
3148 // string and emit a string [] when we want an object [];
3150 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.object_type, loc);
3152 operands [i] = new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression);
3156 // Find the right method
3158 switch (operands.Count) {
3161 // This should not be possible, because simple constant folding
3162 // is taken care of in the Binary code.
3164 throw new Exception ("how did you get here?");
3167 concat_method = is_strings_only ?
3168 TypeManager.string_concat_string_string :
3169 TypeManager.string_concat_object_object ;
3172 concat_method = is_strings_only ?
3173 TypeManager.string_concat_string_string_string :
3174 TypeManager.string_concat_object_object_object ;
3178 // There is not a 4 param overlaod for object (the one that there is
3179 // is actually a varargs methods, and is only in corlib because it was
3180 // introduced there before.).
3182 if (!is_strings_only)
3185 concat_method = TypeManager.string_concat_string_string_string_string;
3188 concat_method = is_strings_only ?
3189 TypeManager.string_concat_string_dot_dot_dot :
3190 TypeManager.string_concat_object_dot_dot_dot ;
3194 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, concat_method, operands, false, null);
3195 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, concat_method);
3200 // Object created with +/= on delegates
3202 public class BinaryDelegate : Expression {
3206 public BinaryDelegate (Type t, MethodInfo mi, ArrayList args)
3211 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3214 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3219 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3221 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3223 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, args, false, null);
3225 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
3226 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Castclass, type);
3229 public Expression Right {
3231 Argument arg = (Argument) args [1];
3236 public bool IsAddition {
3238 return method == TypeManager.delegate_combine_delegate_delegate;
3244 // User-defined conditional logical operator
3245 public class ConditionalLogicalOperator : Expression {
3246 Expression left, right;
3249 public ConditionalLogicalOperator (bool is_and, Expression left, Expression right, Type t, Location loc)
3252 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3256 this.is_and = is_and;
3259 protected void Error19 ()
3261 Binary.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (loc, is_and ? "&&" : "||", type, type);
3264 protected void Error218 ()
3266 Error (218, "The type ('" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "') must contain " +
3267 "declarations of operator true and operator false");
3270 Expression op_true, op_false, op;
3271 LocalTemporary left_temp;
3273 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3276 Expression operator_group;
3278 operator_group = MethodLookup (ec, type, is_and ? "op_BitwiseAnd" : "op_BitwiseOr", loc);
3279 if (operator_group == null) {
3284 left_temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
3286 ArrayList arguments = new ArrayList ();
3287 arguments.Add (new Argument (left_temp, Argument.AType.Expression));
3288 arguments.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
3289 method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
3290 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) operator_group, arguments, false, loc)
3292 if ((method == null) || (method.ReturnType != type)) {
3297 op = new StaticCallExpr (method, arguments, loc);
3299 op_true = GetOperatorTrue (ec, left_temp, loc);
3300 op_false = GetOperatorFalse (ec, left_temp, loc);
3301 if ((op_true == null) || (op_false == null)) {
3309 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3311 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3312 Label false_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
3313 Label end_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
3315 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Nop);
3318 left_temp.Store (ec);
3320 (is_and ? op_false : op_true).EmitBranchable (ec, false_target, false);
3321 left_temp.Emit (ec);
3322 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end_target);
3323 ig.MarkLabel (false_target);
3325 ig.MarkLabel (end_target);
3327 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Nop);
3331 public class PointerArithmetic : Expression {
3332 Expression left, right;
3336 // We assume that `l' is always a pointer
3338 public PointerArithmetic (bool is_addition, Expression l, Expression r, Type t, Location loc)
3344 is_add = is_addition;
3347 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3349 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3351 if (left.Type == TypeManager.void_ptr_type) {
3352 Error (242, "The operation in question is undefined on void pointers");
3359 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3361 Type op_type = left.Type;
3362 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3363 Type element = TypeManager.GetElementType (op_type);
3364 int size = GetTypeSize (element);
3365 Type rtype = right.Type;
3367 if (rtype.IsPointer){
3369 // handle (pointer - pointer)
3373 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
3377 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
3379 IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, size);
3380 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Div);
3382 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
3385 // handle + and - on (pointer op int)
3388 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
3392 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
3394 IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, size);
3395 if (rtype == TypeManager.int64_type)
3396 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
3397 else if (rtype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
3398 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U8);
3399 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Mul);
3402 if (rtype == TypeManager.int64_type || rtype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
3403 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
3406 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
3408 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
3414 /// Implements the ternary conditional operator (?:)
3416 public class Conditional : Expression {
3417 Expression expr, trueExpr, falseExpr;
3419 public Conditional (Expression expr, Expression trueExpr, Expression falseExpr, Location l)
3422 this.trueExpr = trueExpr;
3423 this.falseExpr = falseExpr;
3427 public Expression Expr {
3433 public Expression TrueExpr {
3439 public Expression FalseExpr {
3445 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3447 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
3452 if (expr.Type != TypeManager.bool_type){
3453 expr = Expression.ResolveBoolean (
3460 trueExpr = trueExpr.Resolve (ec);
3461 falseExpr = falseExpr.Resolve (ec);
3463 if (trueExpr == null || falseExpr == null)
3466 if ((trueExpr is NullLiteral) && (falseExpr is NullLiteral))
3469 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3470 if (trueExpr.Type == falseExpr.Type)
3471 type = trueExpr.Type;
3474 Type true_type = trueExpr.Type;
3475 Type false_type = falseExpr.Type;
3478 // First, if an implicit conversion exists from trueExpr
3479 // to falseExpr, then the result type is of type falseExpr.Type
3481 conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, trueExpr, false_type, loc);
3484 // Check if both can convert implicitl to each other's type
3486 if (Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, falseExpr, true_type, loc) != null){
3488 "Can not compute type of conditional expression " +
3489 "as `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (trueExpr.Type) +
3490 "' and `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (falseExpr.Type) +
3491 "' convert implicitly to each other");
3496 } else if ((conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion(ec, falseExpr, true_type,loc))!= null){
3500 Error (173, "The type of the conditional expression can " +
3501 "not be computed because there is no implicit conversion" +
3502 " from `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (trueExpr.Type) + "'" +
3503 " and `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (falseExpr.Type) + "'");
3508 if (expr is BoolConstant){
3509 BoolConstant bc = (BoolConstant) expr;
3520 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3522 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3523 Label false_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
3524 Label end_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
3526 expr.EmitBranchable (ec, false_target, false);
3528 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end_target);
3529 ig.MarkLabel (false_target);
3530 falseExpr.Emit (ec);
3531 ig.MarkLabel (end_target);
3539 public class LocalVariableReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation, IVariable {
3540 public readonly string Name;
3541 public readonly Block Block;
3542 LocalInfo local_info;
3545 public LocalVariableReference (Block block, string name, Location l)
3550 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3553 // Setting `is_readonly' to false will allow you to create a writable
3554 // reference to a read-only variable. This is used by foreach and using.
3555 public LocalVariableReference (Block block, string name, Location l,
3556 LocalInfo local_info, bool is_readonly)
3557 : this (block, name, l)
3559 this.local_info = local_info;
3560 this.is_readonly = is_readonly;
3563 public VariableInfo VariableInfo {
3564 get { return local_info.VariableInfo; }
3567 public bool IsReadOnly {
3573 protected void DoResolveBase (EmitContext ec)
3575 if (local_info == null) {
3576 local_info = Block.GetLocalInfo (Name);
3577 is_readonly = local_info.ReadOnly;
3580 type = local_info.VariableType;
3582 if (ec.InAnonymousMethod)
3583 Block.LiftVariable (local_info);
3587 protected Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec, bool is_lvalue)
3589 Expression e = Block.GetConstantExpression (Name);
3591 local_info.Used = true;
3592 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3593 return e.Resolve (ec);
3596 VariableInfo variable_info = local_info.VariableInfo;
3597 if ((variable_info != null) && !variable_info.IsAssigned (ec, loc))
3601 local_info.Used = true;
3603 if (local_info.LocalBuilder == null)
3604 return ec.RemapLocal (local_info);
3609 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3613 return DoResolve (ec, false);
3616 override public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
3620 VariableInfo variable_info = local_info.VariableInfo;
3621 if (variable_info != null)
3622 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
3624 Expression e = DoResolve (ec, right_side != EmptyExpression.Null);
3630 Error (1604, "cannot assign to `" + Name + "' because it is readonly");
3634 CheckObsoleteAttribute (e.Type);
3636 if (local_info.LocalBuilder == null)
3637 return ec.RemapLocalLValue (local_info, right_side);
3642 public bool VerifyFixed (bool is_expression)
3644 return !is_expression || local_info.IsFixed;
3647 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3649 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3651 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, local_info.LocalBuilder);
3654 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
3658 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3661 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
3665 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3666 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, local_info.LocalBuilder);
3669 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
3671 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3673 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca, local_info.LocalBuilder);
3676 public override string ToString ()
3678 return String.Format ("{0} ({1}:{2})", GetType (), Name, loc);
3683 /// This represents a reference to a parameter in the intermediate
3686 public class ParameterReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation, IVariable {
3692 public Parameter.Modifier mod;
3693 public bool is_ref, is_out, prepared;
3694 LocalTemporary temp;
3696 public ParameterReference (Parameters pars, Block block, int idx, string name, Location loc)
3703 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3706 public VariableInfo VariableInfo {
3710 public bool VerifyFixed (bool is_expression)
3712 return !is_expression || TypeManager.IsValueType (type);
3715 public bool IsAssigned (EmitContext ec, Location loc)
3717 if (!ec.DoFlowAnalysis || !is_out ||
3718 ec.CurrentBranching.IsAssigned (vi))
3721 Report.Error (165, loc,
3722 "Use of unassigned parameter `" + name + "'");
3726 public bool IsFieldAssigned (EmitContext ec, string field_name, Location loc)
3728 if (!ec.DoFlowAnalysis || !is_out ||
3729 ec.CurrentBranching.IsFieldAssigned (vi, field_name))
3732 Report.Error (170, loc,
3733 "Use of possibly unassigned field `" + field_name + "'");
3737 public void SetAssigned (EmitContext ec)
3739 if (is_out && ec.DoFlowAnalysis)
3740 ec.CurrentBranching.SetAssigned (vi);
3743 public void SetFieldAssigned (EmitContext ec, string field_name)
3745 if (is_out && ec.DoFlowAnalysis)
3746 ec.CurrentBranching.SetFieldAssigned (vi, field_name);
3749 protected void DoResolveBase (EmitContext ec)
3751 type = pars.GetParameterInfo (ec.DeclSpace, idx, out mod);
3752 is_ref = (mod & Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF) != 0;
3753 is_out = (mod & Parameter.Modifier.OUT) != 0;
3754 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3757 vi = block.ParameterMap [idx];
3761 // Notice that for ref/out parameters, the type exposed is not the
3762 // same type exposed externally.
3765 // externally we expose "int&"
3766 // here we expose "int".
3768 // We record this in "is_ref". This means that the type system can treat
3769 // the type as it is expected, but when we generate the code, we generate
3770 // the alternate kind of code.
3772 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3776 if (is_out && ec.DoFlowAnalysis && !IsAssigned (ec, loc))
3779 if (ec.RemapToProxy)
3780 return ec.RemapParameter (idx);
3785 override public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
3791 if (ec.RemapToProxy)
3792 return ec.RemapParameterLValue (idx, right_side);
3797 static public void EmitLdArg (ILGenerator ig, int x)
3801 case 0: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0); break;
3802 case 1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_1); break;
3803 case 2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_2); break;
3804 case 3: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_3); break;
3805 default: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte) x); break;
3808 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg, x);
3812 // This method is used by parameters that are references, that are
3813 // being passed as references: we only want to pass the pointer (that
3814 // is already stored in the parameter, not the address of the pointer,
3815 // and not the value of the variable).
3817 public void EmitLoad (EmitContext ec)
3819 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3825 EmitLdArg (ig, arg_idx);
3828 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3833 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
3835 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3842 EmitLdArg (ig, arg_idx);
3846 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3849 // If we are a reference, we loaded on the stack a pointer
3850 // Now lets load the real value
3852 LoadFromPtr (ig, type);
3856 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3859 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
3865 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
3867 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3870 prepared = prepare_for_load;
3875 if (is_ref && !prepared)
3876 EmitLdArg (ig, arg_idx);
3881 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3885 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
3889 StoreFromPtr (ig, type);
3895 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg_S, (byte) arg_idx);
3897 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg, arg_idx);
3901 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
3910 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte) arg_idx);
3912 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg, arg_idx);
3915 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga_S, (byte) arg_idx);
3917 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga, arg_idx);
3924 /// Used for arguments to New(), Invocation()
3926 public class Argument {
3927 public enum AType : byte {
3934 public readonly AType ArgType;
3935 public Expression Expr;
3937 public Argument (Expression expr, AType type)
3940 this.ArgType = type;
3943 public Argument (Expression expr)
3946 this.ArgType = AType.Expression;
3951 if (ArgType == AType.Ref || ArgType == AType.Out)
3952 return TypeManager.GetReferenceType (Expr.Type);
3958 public Parameter.Modifier GetParameterModifier ()
3962 return Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF;
3965 return Parameter.Modifier.REF | Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF;
3968 return Parameter.Modifier.NONE;
3972 public static string FullDesc (Argument a)
3974 if (a.ArgType == AType.ArgList)
3977 return (a.ArgType == AType.Ref ? "ref " :
3978 (a.ArgType == AType.Out ? "out " : "")) +
3979 TypeManager.CSharpName (a.Expr.Type);
3982 public bool ResolveMethodGroup (EmitContext ec, Location loc)
3984 // FIXME: csc doesn't report any error if you try to use `ref' or
3985 // `out' in a delegate creation expression.
3986 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.MethodGroup);
3993 public bool Resolve (EmitContext ec, Location loc)
3995 if (ArgType == AType.Ref) {
3996 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
4000 if (!ec.IsConstructor) {
4001 FieldExpr fe = Expr as FieldExpr;
4002 if (fe != null && fe.FieldInfo.IsInitOnly) {
4003 if (fe.FieldInfo.IsStatic)
4004 Report.Error (199, loc, "A static readonly field cannot be passed ref or out (except in a static constructor)");
4006 Report.Error (192, loc, "A readonly field cannot be passed ref or out (except in a constructor)");
4010 Expr = Expr.ResolveLValue (ec, Expr);
4011 } else if (ArgType == AType.Out)
4012 Expr = Expr.ResolveLValue (ec, EmptyExpression.Null);
4014 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
4019 if (ArgType == AType.Expression)
4023 // Catch errors where fields of a MarshalByRefObject are passed as ref or out
4024 // This is only allowed for `this'
4026 FieldExpr fe = Expr as FieldExpr;
4027 if (fe != null && !fe.IsStatic){
4028 Expression instance = fe.InstanceExpression;
4030 if (instance.GetType () != typeof (This)){
4031 if (fe.InstanceExpression.Type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.mbr_type)){
4032 Report.Error (197, loc,
4033 "Can not pass a type that derives from MarshalByRefObject with out or ref");
4040 if (Expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable){
4042 // We just probe to match the CSC output
4044 if (Expr.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess ||
4045 Expr.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess){
4048 "A property or indexer can not be passed as an out or ref " +
4053 "An lvalue is required as an argument to out or ref");
4061 public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4064 // Ref and Out parameters need to have their addresses taken.
4066 // ParameterReferences might already be references, so we want
4067 // to pass just the value
4069 if (ArgType == AType.Ref || ArgType == AType.Out){
4070 AddressOp mode = AddressOp.Store;
4072 if (ArgType == AType.Ref)
4073 mode |= AddressOp.Load;
4075 if (Expr is ParameterReference){
4076 ParameterReference pr = (ParameterReference) Expr;
4082 pr.AddressOf (ec, mode);
4085 ((IMemoryLocation)Expr).AddressOf (ec, mode);
4093 /// Invocation of methods or delegates.
4095 public class Invocation : ExpressionStatement {
4096 public readonly ArrayList Arguments;
4099 MethodBase method = null;
4101 static Hashtable method_parameter_cache;
4103 static Invocation ()
4105 method_parameter_cache = new PtrHashtable ();
4109 // arguments is an ArrayList, but we do not want to typecast,
4110 // as it might be null.
4112 // FIXME: only allow expr to be a method invocation or a
4113 // delegate invocation (7.5.5)
4115 public Invocation (Expression expr, ArrayList arguments, Location l)
4118 Arguments = arguments;
4122 public Expression Expr {
4129 /// Returns the Parameters (a ParameterData interface) for the
4132 public static ParameterData GetParameterData (MethodBase mb)
4134 object pd = method_parameter_cache [mb];
4138 return (ParameterData) pd;
4141 ip = TypeManager.LookupParametersByBuilder (mb);
4143 method_parameter_cache [mb] = ip;
4145 return (ParameterData) ip;
4147 ReflectionParameters rp = new ReflectionParameters (mb);
4148 method_parameter_cache [mb] = rp;
4150 return (ParameterData) rp;
4155 /// Determines "better conversion" as specified in 7.4.2.3
4157 /// Returns : p if a->p is better,
4158 /// q if a->q is better,
4159 /// null if neither is better
4161 static Type BetterConversion (EmitContext ec, Argument a, Type p, Type q, Location loc)
4163 Type argument_type = a.Type;
4164 Expression argument_expr = a.Expr;
4166 if (argument_type == null)
4167 throw new Exception ("Expression of type " + a.Expr +
4168 " does not resolve its type");
4170 if (p == null || q == null)
4171 throw new InternalErrorException ("BetterConversion Got a null conversion");
4176 if (argument_expr is NullLiteral) {
4178 // If the argument is null and one of the types to compare is 'object' and
4179 // the other is a reference type, we prefer the other.
4181 // This follows from the usual rules:
4182 // * There is an implicit conversion from 'null' to type 'object'
4183 // * There is an implicit conversion from 'null' to any reference type
4184 // * There is an implicit conversion from any reference type to type 'object'
4185 // * There is no implicit conversion from type 'object' to other reference types
4186 // => Conversion of 'null' to a reference type is better than conversion to 'object'
4188 // FIXME: This probably isn't necessary, since the type of a NullLiteral is 'System.Null'.
4189 // I think it used to be 'object' and thus needed a special case to avoid the
4190 // immediately following two checks.
4192 if (!p.IsValueType && q == TypeManager.object_type)
4194 if (!q.IsValueType && p == TypeManager.object_type)
4198 if (argument_type == p)
4201 if (argument_type == q)
4204 Expression p_tmp = new EmptyExpression (p);
4205 Expression q_tmp = new EmptyExpression (q);
4207 bool p_to_q = Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, p_tmp, q);
4208 bool q_to_p = Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, q_tmp, p);
4210 if (p_to_q && !q_to_p)
4213 if (q_to_p && !p_to_q)
4216 if (p == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
4217 if (q == TypeManager.byte_type || q == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
4218 q == TypeManager.uint32_type || q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4220 if (q == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
4221 if (p == TypeManager.byte_type || p == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
4222 p == TypeManager.uint32_type || p == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4225 if (p == TypeManager.short_type)
4226 if (q == TypeManager.ushort_type || q == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
4227 q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4229 if (q == TypeManager.short_type)
4230 if (p == TypeManager.ushort_type || p == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
4231 p == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4234 if (p == TypeManager.int32_type)
4235 if (q == TypeManager.uint32_type || q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4237 if (q == TypeManager.int32_type)
4238 if (p == TypeManager.uint32_type || p == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4241 if (p == TypeManager.int64_type)
4242 if (q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4244 if (q == TypeManager.int64_type)
4245 if (p == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4252 /// Determines "Better function" between candidate
4253 /// and the current best match
4256 /// Returns an integer indicating :
4257 /// false if candidate ain't better
4258 /// true if candidate is better than the current best match
4260 static bool BetterFunction (EmitContext ec, ArrayList args, int argument_count,
4261 MethodBase candidate, bool candidate_params,
4262 MethodBase best, bool best_params, Location loc)
4264 ParameterData candidate_pd = GetParameterData (candidate);
4265 ParameterData best_pd = GetParameterData (best);
4267 int cand_count = candidate_pd.Count;
4270 // If there is no best method, than this one
4271 // is better, however, if we already found a
4272 // best method, we cant tell. This happens
4283 // interface IFooBar : IFoo, IBar {}
4285 // We cant tell if IFoo.DoIt is better than IBar.DoIt
4287 // However, we have to consider that
4288 // Trim (); is better than Trim (params char[] chars);
4290 if (cand_count == 0 && argument_count == 0)
4291 return !candidate_params && best_params;
4293 if ((candidate_pd.ParameterModifier (cand_count - 1) != Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS) &&
4294 (candidate_pd.ParameterModifier (cand_count - 1) != Parameter.Modifier.ARGLIST))
4295 if (cand_count != argument_count)
4298 bool better_at_least_one = false;
4299 for (int j = 0; j < argument_count; ++j) {
4300 Argument a = (Argument) args [j];
4302 Type ct = candidate_pd.ParameterType (j);
4303 Type bt = best_pd.ParameterType (j);
4305 if (candidate_pd.ParameterModifier (j) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
4306 if (candidate_params)
4307 ct = TypeManager.GetElementType (ct);
4309 if (best_pd.ParameterModifier (j) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
4311 bt = TypeManager.GetElementType (bt);
4313 Type better = BetterConversion (ec, a, ct, bt, loc);
4315 // for each argument, the conversion to 'ct' should be no worse than
4316 // the conversion to 'bt'.
4320 // for at least one argument, the conversion to 'ct' should be better than
4321 // the conversion to 'bt'.
4323 better_at_least_one = true;
4327 // If a method (in the normal form) with the
4328 // same signature as the expanded form of the
4329 // current best params method already exists,
4330 // the expanded form is not applicable so we
4331 // force it to select the candidate
4333 if (!candidate_params && best_params && cand_count == argument_count)
4336 return better_at_least_one;
4339 public static string FullMethodDesc (MethodBase mb)
4341 string ret_type = "";
4346 if (mb is MethodInfo)
4347 ret_type = TypeManager.CSharpName (((MethodInfo) mb).ReturnType);
4349 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder (ret_type);
4351 sb.Append (mb.ReflectedType.ToString ());
4353 sb.Append (mb.Name);
4355 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (mb);
4357 int count = pd.Count;
4360 for (int i = count; i > 0; ) {
4363 sb.Append (pd.ParameterDesc (count - i - 1));
4369 return sb.ToString ();
4372 public static MethodGroupExpr MakeUnionSet (Expression mg1, Expression mg2, Location loc)
4374 MemberInfo [] miset;
4375 MethodGroupExpr union;
4380 return (MethodGroupExpr) mg2;
4383 return (MethodGroupExpr) mg1;
4386 MethodGroupExpr left_set = null, right_set = null;
4387 int length1 = 0, length2 = 0;
4389 left_set = (MethodGroupExpr) mg1;
4390 length1 = left_set.Methods.Length;
4392 right_set = (MethodGroupExpr) mg2;
4393 length2 = right_set.Methods.Length;
4395 ArrayList common = new ArrayList ();
4397 foreach (MethodBase r in right_set.Methods){
4398 if (TypeManager.ArrayContainsMethod (left_set.Methods, r))
4402 miset = new MemberInfo [length1 + length2 - common.Count];
4403 left_set.Methods.CopyTo (miset, 0);
4407 foreach (MethodBase r in right_set.Methods) {
4408 if (!common.Contains (r))
4412 union = new MethodGroupExpr (miset, loc);
4417 static bool IsParamsMethodApplicable (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
4418 ArrayList arguments, int arg_count,
4419 ref MethodBase candidate)
4421 return IsParamsMethodApplicable (
4422 ec, me, arguments, arg_count, false, ref candidate) ||
4423 IsParamsMethodApplicable (
4424 ec, me, arguments, arg_count, true, ref candidate);
4429 static bool IsParamsMethodApplicable (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
4430 ArrayList arguments, int arg_count,
4431 bool do_varargs, ref MethodBase candidate)
4433 return IsParamsMethodApplicable (
4434 ec, arguments, arg_count, candidate, do_varargs);
4438 /// Determines if the candidate method, if a params method, is applicable
4439 /// in its expanded form to the given set of arguments
4441 static bool IsParamsMethodApplicable (EmitContext ec, ArrayList arguments,
4442 int arg_count, MethodBase candidate,
4445 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (candidate);
4447 int pd_count = pd.Count;
4451 int count = pd_count - 1;
4453 if (pd.ParameterModifier (count) != Parameter.Modifier.ARGLIST)
4455 if (pd_count != arg_count)
4458 if (pd.ParameterModifier (count) != Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
4462 if (count > arg_count)
4465 if (pd_count == 1 && arg_count == 0)
4469 // If we have come this far, the case which
4470 // remains is when the number of parameters is
4471 // less than or equal to the argument count.
4473 for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
4475 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
4477 Parameter.Modifier a_mod = a.GetParameterModifier () &
4478 ~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF);
4479 Parameter.Modifier p_mod = pd.ParameterModifier (i) &
4480 ~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF);
4482 if (a_mod == p_mod) {
4484 if (a_mod == Parameter.Modifier.NONE)
4485 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec,
4487 pd.ParameterType (i)))
4490 if ((a_mod & Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF) != 0) {
4491 Type pt = pd.ParameterType (i);
4494 pt = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (pt);
4505 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [count];
4506 if (!(a.Expr is Arglist))
4512 Type element_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (pd.ParameterType (pd_count - 1));
4514 for (int i = pd_count - 1; i < arg_count; i++) {
4515 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
4517 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, a.Expr, element_type))
4524 static bool IsApplicable (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
4525 ArrayList arguments, int arg_count,
4526 ref MethodBase candidate)
4528 return IsApplicable (ec, arguments, arg_count, candidate);
4532 /// Determines if the candidate method is applicable (section 14.4.2.1)
4533 /// to the given set of arguments
4535 static bool IsApplicable (EmitContext ec, ArrayList arguments, int arg_count,
4536 MethodBase candidate)
4538 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (candidate);
4540 if (arg_count != pd.Count)
4543 for (int i = arg_count; i > 0; ) {
4546 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
4548 Parameter.Modifier a_mod = a.GetParameterModifier () &
4549 ~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF);
4550 Parameter.Modifier p_mod = pd.ParameterModifier (i) &
4551 ~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF);
4554 if (a_mod == p_mod ||
4555 (a_mod == Parameter.Modifier.NONE && p_mod == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)) {
4556 if (a_mod == Parameter.Modifier.NONE) {
4557 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec,
4559 pd.ParameterType (i)))
4563 if ((a_mod & Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF) != 0) {
4564 Type pt = pd.ParameterType (i);
4567 pt = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (pt);
4579 static private bool IsAncestralType (Type first_type, Type second_type)
4581 return first_type != second_type &&
4582 (second_type.IsSubclassOf (first_type) ||
4583 TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (second_type, first_type));
4587 /// Find the Applicable Function Members (7.4.2.1)
4589 /// me: Method Group expression with the members to select.
4590 /// it might contain constructors or methods (or anything
4591 /// that maps to a method).
4593 /// Arguments: ArrayList containing resolved Argument objects.
4595 /// loc: The location if we want an error to be reported, or a Null
4596 /// location for "probing" purposes.
4598 /// Returns: The MethodBase (either a ConstructorInfo or a MethodInfo)
4599 /// that is the best match of me on Arguments.
4602 public static MethodBase OverloadResolve (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
4603 ArrayList Arguments, bool may_fail,
4606 MethodBase method = null;
4607 bool method_params = false;
4608 Type applicable_type = null;
4610 ArrayList candidates = new ArrayList ();
4613 // Used to keep a map between the candidate
4614 // and whether it is being considered in its
4615 // normal or expanded form
4617 // false is normal form, true is expanded form
4619 Hashtable candidate_to_form = null;
4621 if (Arguments != null)
4622 arg_count = Arguments.Count;
4624 if ((me.Name == "Invoke") &&
4625 TypeManager.IsDelegateType (me.DeclaringType)) {
4626 Error_InvokeOnDelegate (loc);
4630 MethodBase[] methods = me.Methods;
4633 // First we construct the set of applicable methods
4635 bool is_sorted = true;
4636 for (int i = 0; i < methods.Length; i++){
4637 Type decl_type = methods [i].DeclaringType;
4640 // If we have already found an applicable method
4641 // we eliminate all base types (Section 14.5.5.1)
4643 if ((applicable_type != null) &&
4644 IsAncestralType (decl_type, applicable_type))
4648 // Check if candidate is applicable (section 14.4.2.1)
4649 // Is candidate applicable in normal form?
4651 bool is_applicable = IsApplicable (
4652 ec, me, Arguments, arg_count, ref methods [i]);
4654 if (!is_applicable &&
4655 (IsParamsMethodApplicable (
4656 ec, me, Arguments, arg_count, ref methods [i]))) {
4657 MethodBase candidate = methods [i];
4658 if (candidate_to_form == null)
4659 candidate_to_form = new PtrHashtable ();
4660 candidate_to_form [candidate] = candidate;
4661 // Candidate is applicable in expanded form
4662 is_applicable = true;
4668 candidates.Add (methods [i]);
4670 if (applicable_type == null)
4671 applicable_type = decl_type;
4672 else if (applicable_type != decl_type) {
4674 if (IsAncestralType (applicable_type, decl_type))
4675 applicable_type = decl_type;
4679 int candidate_top = candidates.Count;
4681 if (candidate_top == 0) {
4683 // Okay so we have failed to find anything so we
4684 // return by providing info about the closest match
4686 for (int i = 0; i < methods.Length; ++i) {
4687 MethodBase c = (MethodBase) methods [i];
4688 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (c);
4690 if (pd.Count != arg_count)
4693 VerifyArgumentsCompat (ec, Arguments, arg_count,
4694 c, false, null, may_fail, loc);
4699 string report_name = me.Name;
4700 if (report_name == ".ctor")
4701 report_name = me.DeclaringType.ToString ();
4703 Error_WrongNumArguments (
4704 loc, report_name, arg_count);
4713 // At this point, applicable_type is _one_ of the most derived types
4714 // in the set of types containing the methods in this MethodGroup.
4715 // Filter the candidates so that they only contain methods from the
4716 // most derived types.
4719 int finalized = 0; // Number of finalized candidates
4722 // Invariant: applicable_type is a most derived type
4724 // We'll try to complete Section 14.5.5.1 for 'applicable_type' by
4725 // eliminating all it's base types. At the same time, we'll also move
4726 // every unrelated type to the end of the array, and pick the next
4727 // 'applicable_type'.
4729 Type next_applicable_type = null;
4730 int j = finalized; // where to put the next finalized candidate
4731 int k = finalized; // where to put the next undiscarded candidate
4732 for (int i = finalized; i < candidate_top; ++i) {
4733 Type decl_type = ((MethodBase) candidates[i]).DeclaringType;
4735 if (decl_type == applicable_type) {
4736 candidates[k++] = candidates[j];
4737 candidates[j++] = candidates[i];
4741 if (IsAncestralType (decl_type, applicable_type))
4744 if (next_applicable_type != null &&
4745 IsAncestralType (decl_type, next_applicable_type))
4748 candidates[k++] = candidates[i];
4750 if (next_applicable_type == null ||
4751 IsAncestralType (next_applicable_type, decl_type))
4752 next_applicable_type = decl_type;
4755 applicable_type = next_applicable_type;
4758 } while (applicable_type != null);
4762 // Now we actually find the best method
4765 method = (MethodBase) candidates[0];
4766 method_params = candidate_to_form != null && candidate_to_form.Contains (method);
4767 for (int ix = 1; ix < candidate_top; ix++){
4768 MethodBase candidate = (MethodBase) candidates [ix];
4769 bool cand_params = candidate_to_form != null && candidate_to_form.Contains (candidate);
4771 if (BetterFunction (ec, Arguments, arg_count,
4772 candidate, cand_params,
4773 method, method_params, loc)) {
4775 method_params = cand_params;
4780 // Now check that there are no ambiguities i.e the selected method
4781 // should be better than all the others
4783 bool ambiguous = false;
4784 for (int ix = 0; ix < candidate_top; ix++){
4785 MethodBase candidate = (MethodBase) candidates [ix];
4787 if (candidate == method)
4790 bool cand_params = candidate_to_form != null && candidate_to_form.Contains (candidate);
4791 if (!BetterFunction (ec, Arguments, arg_count,
4792 method, method_params,
4793 candidate, cand_params,
4795 Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (candidate);
4801 Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (method);
4802 Report.Error (121, loc, "Ambiguous call when selecting function due to implicit casts");
4808 // And now check if the arguments are all
4809 // compatible, perform conversions if
4810 // necessary etc. and return if everything is
4813 if (!VerifyArgumentsCompat (ec, Arguments, arg_count, method,
4814 method_params, null, may_fail, loc))
4820 static void Error_WrongNumArguments (Location loc, String name, int arg_count)
4822 Report.Error (1501, loc,
4823 "No overload for method `" + name + "' takes `" +
4824 arg_count + "' arguments");
4827 static void Error_InvokeOnDelegate (Location loc)
4829 Report.Error (1533, loc,
4830 "Invoke cannot be called directly on a delegate");
4833 static void Error_InvalidArguments (Location loc, int idx, MethodBase method,
4834 Type delegate_type, string arg_sig, string par_desc)
4836 if (delegate_type == null)
4837 Report.Error (1502, loc,
4838 "The best overloaded match for method '" +
4839 FullMethodDesc (method) +
4840 "' has some invalid arguments");
4842 Report.Error (1594, loc,
4843 "Delegate '" + delegate_type.ToString () +
4844 "' has some invalid arguments.");
4845 Report.Error (1503, loc,
4846 String.Format ("Argument {0}: Cannot convert from '{1}' to '{2}'",
4847 idx, arg_sig, par_desc));
4850 public static bool VerifyArgumentsCompat (EmitContext ec, ArrayList Arguments,
4851 int arg_count, MethodBase method,
4852 bool chose_params_expanded,
4853 Type delegate_type, bool may_fail,
4856 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (method);
4857 int pd_count = pd.Count;
4859 for (int j = 0; j < arg_count; j++) {
4860 Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [j];
4861 Expression a_expr = a.Expr;
4862 Type parameter_type = pd.ParameterType (j);
4863 Parameter.Modifier pm = pd.ParameterModifier (j);
4865 if (pm == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
4866 if ((pm & ~Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS) != a.GetParameterModifier ()) {
4868 Error_InvalidArguments (
4869 loc, j, method, delegate_type,
4870 Argument.FullDesc (a), pd.ParameterDesc (j));
4874 if (chose_params_expanded)
4875 parameter_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (parameter_type);
4876 } else if (pm == Parameter.Modifier.ARGLIST){
4882 if (pd.ParameterModifier (j) != a.GetParameterModifier ()){
4884 Error_InvalidArguments (
4885 loc, j, method, delegate_type,
4886 Argument.FullDesc (a), pd.ParameterDesc (j));
4894 if (!a.Type.Equals (parameter_type)){
4897 conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, a_expr, parameter_type, loc);
4901 Error_InvalidArguments (
4902 loc, j, method, delegate_type,
4903 Argument.FullDesc (a), pd.ParameterDesc (j));
4908 // Update the argument with the implicit conversion
4914 Parameter.Modifier a_mod = a.GetParameterModifier () &
4915 ~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF);
4916 Parameter.Modifier p_mod = pd.ParameterModifier (j) &
4917 ~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF);
4919 if (a_mod != p_mod &&
4920 pd.ParameterModifier (pd_count - 1) != Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS) {
4922 Report.Error (1502, loc,
4923 "The best overloaded match for method '" + FullMethodDesc (method)+
4924 "' has some invalid arguments");
4925 Report.Error (1503, loc,
4926 "Argument " + (j+1) +
4927 ": Cannot convert from '" + Argument.FullDesc (a)
4928 + "' to '" + pd.ParameterDesc (j) + "'");
4938 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4941 // First, resolve the expression that is used to
4942 // trigger the invocation
4944 expr = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.MethodGroup);
4948 if (!(expr is MethodGroupExpr)) {
4949 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
4951 if (expr_type != null){
4952 bool IsDelegate = TypeManager.IsDelegateType (expr_type);
4954 return (new DelegateInvocation (
4955 this.expr, Arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
4959 if (!(expr is MethodGroupExpr)){
4960 expr.Error_UnexpectedKind (ResolveFlags.MethodGroup, loc);
4965 // Next, evaluate all the expressions in the argument list
4967 if (Arguments != null){
4968 foreach (Argument a in Arguments){
4969 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
4974 MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) expr;
4975 method = OverloadResolve (ec, mg, Arguments, false, loc);
4980 MethodInfo mi = method as MethodInfo;
4982 type = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (mi.ReturnType);
4983 if (!mi.IsStatic && !mg.IsExplicitImpl && (mg.InstanceExpression == null)) {
4984 SimpleName.Error_ObjectRefRequired (ec, loc, mi.Name);
4988 Expression iexpr = mg.InstanceExpression;
4989 if (mi.IsStatic && (iexpr != null) && !(iexpr is This)) {
4990 if (mg.IdenticalTypeName)
4991 mg.InstanceExpression = null;
4993 MemberAccess.error176 (loc, mi.Name);
4999 if (type.IsPointer){
5007 // Only base will allow this invocation to happen.
5009 if (mg.IsBase && method.IsAbstract){
5010 Report.Error (205, loc, "Cannot call an abstract base member: " +
5011 FullMethodDesc (method));
5015 if (method.Name == "Finalize" && Arguments == null) {
5017 Report.Error (250, loc, "Do not directly call your base class Finalize method. It is called automatically from your destructor");
5019 Report.Error (245, loc, "Destructors and object.Finalize cannot be called directly. Consider calling IDisposable.Dispose if available");
5023 if ((method.Attributes & MethodAttributes.SpecialName) != 0) {
5024 if (TypeManager.LookupDeclSpace (method.DeclaringType) != null || TypeManager.IsSpecialMethod (method)) {
5025 Report.Error (571, loc, TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method) + ": can not call operator or accessor");
5030 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5035 // Emits the list of arguments as an array
5037 static void EmitParams (EmitContext ec, int idx, ArrayList arguments)
5039 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5040 int count = arguments.Count - idx;
5041 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [idx];
5042 Type t = a.Expr.Type;
5044 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, count);
5045 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (t));
5047 int top = arguments.Count;
5048 for (int j = idx; j < top; j++){
5049 a = (Argument) arguments [j];
5051 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
5052 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, j - idx);
5055 OpCode op = ArrayAccess.GetStoreOpcode (t, out is_stobj);
5057 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, t);
5062 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, t);
5069 /// Emits a list of resolved Arguments that are in the arguments
5072 /// The MethodBase argument might be null if the
5073 /// emission of the arguments is known not to contain
5074 /// a `params' field (for example in constructors or other routines
5075 /// that keep their arguments in this structure)
5077 /// if `dup_args' is true, a copy of the arguments will be left
5078 /// on the stack. If `dup_args' is true, you can specify `this_arg'
5079 /// which will be duplicated before any other args. Only EmitCall
5080 /// should be using this interface.
5082 public static void EmitArguments (EmitContext ec, MethodBase mb, ArrayList arguments, bool dup_args, LocalTemporary this_arg)
5086 pd = GetParameterData (mb);
5090 LocalTemporary [] temps = null;
5093 temps = new LocalTemporary [arguments.Count];
5096 // If we are calling a params method with no arguments, special case it
5098 if (arguments == null){
5099 if (pd != null && pd.Count > 0 &&
5100 pd.ParameterModifier (0) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
5101 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5103 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, 0);
5104 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, TypeManager.GetElementType (pd.ParameterType (0)));
5110 int top = arguments.Count;
5112 for (int i = 0; i < top; i++){
5113 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
5116 if (pd.ParameterModifier (i) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
5118 // Special case if we are passing the same data as the
5119 // params argument, do not put it in an array.
5121 if (pd.ParameterType (i) == a.Type)
5124 EmitParams (ec, i, arguments);
5131 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
5132 (temps [i] = new LocalTemporary (ec, a.Type)).Store (ec);
5137 if (this_arg != null)
5140 for (int i = 0; i < top; i ++)
5141 temps [i].Emit (ec);
5144 if (pd != null && pd.Count > top &&
5145 pd.ParameterModifier (top) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
5146 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5148 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, 0);
5149 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, TypeManager.GetElementType (pd.ParameterType (top)));
5153 static Type[] GetVarargsTypes (EmitContext ec, MethodBase mb,
5154 ArrayList arguments)
5156 ParameterData pd = GetParameterData (mb);
5158 if (arguments == null)
5159 return new Type [0];
5161 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [pd.Count - 1];
5162 Arglist list = (Arglist) a.Expr;
5164 return list.ArgumentTypes;
5168 /// This checks the ConditionalAttribute on the method
5170 static bool IsMethodExcluded (MethodBase method, EmitContext ec)
5172 if (method.IsConstructor)
5175 IMethodData md = TypeManager.GetMethod (method);
5177 return md.IsExcluded (ec);
5179 // For some methods (generated by delegate class) GetMethod returns null
5180 // because they are not included in builder_to_method table
5181 if (method.DeclaringType is TypeBuilder)
5184 return AttributeTester.IsConditionalMethodExcluded (method);
5188 /// is_base tells whether we want to force the use of the `call'
5189 /// opcode instead of using callvirt. Call is required to call
5190 /// a specific method, while callvirt will always use the most
5191 /// recent method in the vtable.
5193 /// is_static tells whether this is an invocation on a static method
5195 /// instance_expr is an expression that represents the instance
5196 /// it must be non-null if is_static is false.
5198 /// method is the method to invoke.
5200 /// Arguments is the list of arguments to pass to the method or constructor.
5202 public static void EmitCall (EmitContext ec, bool is_base,
5203 bool is_static, Expression instance_expr,
5204 MethodBase method, ArrayList Arguments, Location loc)
5206 EmitCall (ec, is_base, is_static, instance_expr, method, Arguments, loc, false, false);
5209 // `dup_args' leaves an extra copy of the arguments on the stack
5210 // `omit_args' does not leave any arguments at all.
5211 // So, basically, you could make one call with `dup_args' set to true,
5212 // and then another with `omit_args' set to true, and the two calls
5213 // would have the same set of arguments. However, each argument would
5214 // only have been evaluated once.
5215 public static void EmitCall (EmitContext ec, bool is_base,
5216 bool is_static, Expression instance_expr,
5217 MethodBase method, ArrayList Arguments, Location loc,
5218 bool dup_args, bool omit_args)
5220 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5221 bool struct_call = false;
5222 bool this_call = false;
5223 LocalTemporary this_arg = null;
5225 Type decl_type = method.DeclaringType;
5227 if (!RootContext.StdLib) {
5228 // Replace any calls to the system's System.Array type with calls to
5229 // the newly created one.
5230 if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_length)
5231 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_length;
5232 else if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_rank)
5233 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_rank;
5234 else if (method == TypeManager.system_object_array_clone)
5235 method = TypeManager.object_array_clone;
5236 else if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_length_int)
5237 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_length_int;
5238 else if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_lower_bound_int)
5239 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_lower_bound_int;
5240 else if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_upper_bound_int)
5241 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_upper_bound_int;
5242 else if (method == TypeManager.system_void_array_copyto_array_int)
5243 method = TypeManager.void_array_copyto_array_int;
5246 if (ec.TestObsoleteMethodUsage) {
5248 // This checks ObsoleteAttribute on the method and on the declaring type
5250 ObsoleteAttribute oa = AttributeTester.GetMethodObsoleteAttribute (method);
5252 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method), loc);
5255 oa = AttributeTester.GetObsoleteAttribute (method.DeclaringType);
5257 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, method.DeclaringType.FullName, loc);
5261 if (IsMethodExcluded (method, ec))
5265 this_call = instance_expr == null;
5266 if (decl_type.IsValueType || (!this_call && instance_expr.Type.IsValueType))
5270 // If this is ourselves, push "this"
5275 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
5279 // Push the instance expression
5281 if (instance_expr.Type.IsValueType) {
5283 // Special case: calls to a function declared in a
5284 // reference-type with a value-type argument need
5285 // to have their value boxed.
5286 if (decl_type.IsValueType) {
5288 // If the expression implements IMemoryLocation, then
5289 // we can optimize and use AddressOf on the
5292 // If not we have to use some temporary storage for
5294 if (instance_expr is IMemoryLocation) {
5295 ((IMemoryLocation)instance_expr).
5296 AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
5298 LocalTemporary temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, instance_expr.Type);
5299 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5301 temp.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Load);
5304 // avoid the overhead of doing this all the time.
5306 t = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (instance_expr.Type);
5308 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5309 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Box, instance_expr.Type);
5310 t = TypeManager.object_type;
5313 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5314 t = instance_expr.Type;
5319 this_arg = new LocalTemporary (ec, t);
5320 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
5321 this_arg.Store (ec);
5327 EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments, dup_args, this_arg);
5330 if (is_static || struct_call || is_base || (this_call && !method.IsVirtual))
5331 call_op = OpCodes.Call;
5333 call_op = OpCodes.Callvirt;
5335 if ((method.CallingConvention & CallingConventions.VarArgs) != 0) {
5336 Type[] varargs_types = GetVarargsTypes (ec, method, Arguments);
5337 ig.EmitCall (call_op, (MethodInfo) method, varargs_types);
5344 // and DoFoo is not virtual, you can omit the callvirt,
5345 // because you don't need the null checking behavior.
5347 if (method is MethodInfo)
5348 ig.Emit (call_op, (MethodInfo) method);
5350 ig.Emit (call_op, (ConstructorInfo) method);
5353 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5355 MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) this.expr;
5357 EmitCall (ec, mg.IsBase, method.IsStatic, mg.InstanceExpression, method, Arguments, loc);
5360 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5365 // Pop the return value if there is one
5367 if (method is MethodInfo){
5368 Type ret = ((MethodInfo)method).ReturnType;
5369 if (TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (ret) != TypeManager.void_type)
5370 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
5375 public class InvocationOrCast : ExpressionStatement
5378 Expression argument;
5380 public InvocationOrCast (Expression expr, Expression argument, Location loc)
5383 this.argument = argument;
5387 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
5390 // First try to resolve it as a cast.
5392 TypeExpr te = expr.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, true);
5394 Cast cast = new Cast (te, argument, loc);
5395 return cast.Resolve (ec);
5399 // This can either be a type or a delegate invocation.
5400 // Let's just resolve it and see what we'll get.
5402 expr = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.Type | ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue);
5407 // Ok, so it's a Cast.
5409 if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Type) {
5410 Cast cast = new Cast (new TypeExpression (expr.Type, loc), argument, loc);
5411 return cast.Resolve (ec);
5415 // It's a delegate invocation.
5417 if (!TypeManager.IsDelegateType (expr.Type)) {
5418 Error (149, "Method name expected");
5422 ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
5423 args.Add (new Argument (argument, Argument.AType.Expression));
5424 DelegateInvocation invocation = new DelegateInvocation (expr, args, loc);
5425 return invocation.Resolve (ec);
5430 Error (201, "Only assignment, call, increment, decrement and new object " +
5431 "expressions can be used as a statement");
5434 public override ExpressionStatement ResolveStatement (EmitContext ec)
5437 // First try to resolve it as a cast.
5439 TypeExpr te = expr.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, true);
5446 // This can either be a type or a delegate invocation.
5447 // Let's just resolve it and see what we'll get.
5449 expr = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.Type | ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue);
5450 if ((expr == null) || (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Type)) {
5456 // It's a delegate invocation.
5458 if (!TypeManager.IsDelegateType (expr.Type)) {
5459 Error (149, "Method name expected");
5463 ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
5464 args.Add (new Argument (argument, Argument.AType.Expression));
5465 DelegateInvocation invocation = new DelegateInvocation (expr, args, loc);
5466 return invocation.ResolveStatement (ec);
5469 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5471 throw new Exception ("Cannot happen");
5474 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5476 throw new Exception ("Cannot happen");
5481 // This class is used to "disable" the code generation for the
5482 // temporary variable when initializing value types.
5484 class EmptyAddressOf : EmptyExpression, IMemoryLocation {
5485 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
5492 /// Implements the new expression
5494 public class New : ExpressionStatement, IMemoryLocation {
5495 public readonly ArrayList Arguments;
5498 // During bootstrap, it contains the RequestedType,
5499 // but if `type' is not null, it *might* contain a NewDelegate
5500 // (because of field multi-initialization)
5502 public Expression RequestedType;
5504 MethodBase method = null;
5507 // If set, the new expression is for a value_target, and
5508 // we will not leave anything on the stack.
5510 Expression value_target;
5511 bool value_target_set = false;
5513 public New (Expression requested_type, ArrayList arguments, Location l)
5515 RequestedType = requested_type;
5516 Arguments = arguments;
5520 public bool SetValueTypeVariable (Expression value)
5522 value_target = value;
5523 value_target_set = true;
5524 if (!(value_target is IMemoryLocation)){
5525 Error_UnexpectedKind ("variable", loc);
5532 // This function is used to disable the following code sequence for
5533 // value type initialization:
5535 // AddressOf (temporary)
5539 // Instead the provide will have provided us with the address on the
5540 // stack to store the results.
5542 static Expression MyEmptyExpression;
5544 public void DisableTemporaryValueType ()
5546 if (MyEmptyExpression == null)
5547 MyEmptyExpression = new EmptyAddressOf ();
5550 // To enable this, look into:
5551 // test-34 and test-89 and self bootstrapping.
5553 // For instance, we can avoid a copy by using `newobj'
5554 // instead of Call + Push-temp on value types.
5555 // value_target = MyEmptyExpression;
5558 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
5561 // The New DoResolve might be called twice when initializing field
5562 // expressions (see EmitFieldInitializers, the call to
5563 // GetInitializerExpression will perform a resolve on the expression,
5564 // and later the assign will trigger another resolution
5566 // This leads to bugs (#37014)
5569 if (RequestedType is NewDelegate)
5570 return RequestedType;
5574 RequestedType = RequestedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
5575 if (RequestedType == null)
5578 type = RequestedType.Type;
5580 CheckObsoleteAttribute (type);
5582 bool IsDelegate = TypeManager.IsDelegateType (type);
5585 RequestedType = (new NewDelegate (type, Arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
5586 if (RequestedType != null)
5587 if (!(RequestedType is NewDelegate))
5588 throw new Exception ("NewDelegate.Resolve returned a non NewDelegate: " + RequestedType.GetType ());
5589 return RequestedType;
5592 if (type.IsAbstract && type.IsSealed) {
5593 Report.Error (712, loc, "Cannot create an instance of the static class '{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5597 if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract){
5598 Error (144, "It is not possible to create instances of interfaces or abstract classes");
5602 bool is_struct = type.IsValueType;
5603 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5606 // SRE returns a match for .ctor () on structs (the object constructor),
5607 // so we have to manually ignore it.
5609 if (is_struct && Arguments == null)
5613 // For member-lookup, treat 'new Foo (bar)' as call to 'foo.ctor (bar)', where 'foo' is of type 'Foo'.
5614 ml = MemberLookupFinal (ec, type, type, ".ctor",
5615 MemberTypes.Constructor,
5616 AllBindingFlags | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly, loc);
5621 if (! (ml is MethodGroupExpr)){
5623 ml.Error_UnexpectedKind ("method group", loc);
5629 if (Arguments != null){
5630 foreach (Argument a in Arguments){
5631 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
5636 method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
5637 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) ml, Arguments, false, loc);
5641 if (method == null) {
5642 if (!is_struct || Arguments.Count > 0) {
5643 Error (1501, String.Format (
5644 "New invocation: Can not find a constructor in `{0}' for this argument list",
5645 TypeManager.CSharpName (type)));
5654 // This DoEmit can be invoked in two contexts:
5655 // * As a mechanism that will leave a value on the stack (new object)
5656 // * As one that wont (init struct)
5658 // You can control whether a value is required on the stack by passing
5659 // need_value_on_stack. The code *might* leave a value on the stack
5660 // so it must be popped manually
5662 // If we are dealing with a ValueType, we have a few
5663 // situations to deal with:
5665 // * The target is a ValueType, and we have been provided
5666 // the instance (this is easy, we are being assigned).
5668 // * The target of New is being passed as an argument,
5669 // to a boxing operation or a function that takes a
5672 // In this case, we need to create a temporary variable
5673 // that is the argument of New.
5675 // Returns whether a value is left on the stack
5677 bool DoEmit (EmitContext ec, bool need_value_on_stack)
5679 bool is_value_type = type.IsValueType;
5680 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5685 // Allow DoEmit() to be called multiple times.
5686 // We need to create a new LocalTemporary each time since
5687 // you can't share LocalBuilders among ILGeneators.
5688 if (!value_target_set)
5689 value_target = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
5691 ml = (IMemoryLocation) value_target;
5692 ml.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5696 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments, false, null);
5700 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5702 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
5703 if (need_value_on_stack){
5704 value_target.Emit (ec);
5709 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (ConstructorInfo) method);
5714 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5719 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5721 if (DoEmit (ec, false))
5722 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
5725 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
5727 if (!type.IsValueType){
5729 // We throw an exception. So far, I believe we only need to support
5731 // foreach (int j in new StructType ())
5734 throw new Exception ("AddressOf should not be used for classes");
5737 if (!value_target_set)
5738 value_target = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
5740 IMemoryLocation ml = (IMemoryLocation) value_target;
5741 ml.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5743 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments, false, null);
5746 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5748 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
5750 ((IMemoryLocation) value_target).AddressOf (ec, Mode);
5755 /// 14.5.10.2: Represents an array creation expression.
5759 /// There are two possible scenarios here: one is an array creation
5760 /// expression that specifies the dimensions and optionally the
5761 /// initialization data and the other which does not need dimensions
5762 /// specified but where initialization data is mandatory.
5764 public class ArrayCreation : Expression {
5765 Expression requested_base_type;
5766 ArrayList initializers;
5769 // The list of Argument types.
5770 // This is used to construct the `newarray' or constructor signature
5772 ArrayList arguments;
5775 // Method used to create the array object.
5777 MethodBase new_method = null;
5779 Type array_element_type;
5780 Type underlying_type;
5781 bool is_one_dimensional = false;
5782 bool is_builtin_type = false;
5783 bool expect_initializers = false;
5784 int num_arguments = 0;
5788 ArrayList array_data;
5793 // The number of array initializers that we can handle
5794 // via the InitializeArray method - through EmitStaticInitializers
5796 int num_automatic_initializers;
5798 const int max_automatic_initializers = 6;
5800 public ArrayCreation (Expression requested_base_type, ArrayList exprs, string rank, ArrayList initializers, Location l)
5802 this.requested_base_type = requested_base_type;
5803 this.initializers = initializers;
5807 arguments = new ArrayList ();
5809 foreach (Expression e in exprs) {
5810 arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
5815 public ArrayCreation (Expression requested_base_type, string rank, ArrayList initializers, Location l)
5817 this.requested_base_type = requested_base_type;
5818 this.initializers = initializers;
5822 //this.rank = rank.Substring (0, rank.LastIndexOf ('['));
5824 //string tmp = rank.Substring (rank.LastIndexOf ('['));
5826 //dimensions = tmp.Length - 1;
5827 expect_initializers = true;
5830 public Expression FormArrayType (Expression base_type, int idx_count, string rank)
5832 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder (rank);
5835 for (int i = 1; i < idx_count; i++)
5840 return new ComposedCast (base_type, sb.ToString (), loc);
5843 void Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ()
5845 Error (178, "Incorrectly structured array initializer");
5848 public bool CheckIndices (EmitContext ec, ArrayList probe, int idx, bool specified_dims)
5850 if (specified_dims) {
5851 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [idx];
5853 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
5856 if (!(a.Expr is Constant)) {
5857 Error (150, "A constant value is expected");
5861 int value = (int) ((Constant) a.Expr).GetValue ();
5863 if (value != probe.Count) {
5864 Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ();
5868 bounds [idx] = value;
5871 int child_bounds = -1;
5872 foreach (object o in probe) {
5873 if (o is ArrayList) {
5874 int current_bounds = ((ArrayList) o).Count;
5876 if (child_bounds == -1)
5877 child_bounds = current_bounds;
5879 else if (child_bounds != current_bounds){
5880 Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ();
5883 if (specified_dims && (idx + 1 >= arguments.Count)){
5884 Error (623, "Array initializers can only be used in a variable or field initializer, try using the new expression");
5888 bool ret = CheckIndices (ec, (ArrayList) o, idx + 1, specified_dims);
5892 if (child_bounds != -1){
5893 Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ();
5897 Expression tmp = (Expression) o;
5898 tmp = tmp.Resolve (ec);
5902 // Console.WriteLine ("I got: " + tmp);
5903 // Handle initialization from vars, fields etc.
5905 Expression conv = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (
5906 ec, tmp, underlying_type, loc);
5911 if (conv is StringConstant || conv is DecimalConstant || conv is NullCast) {
5912 // These are subclasses of Constant that can appear as elements of an
5913 // array that cannot be statically initialized (with num_automatic_initializers
5914 // > max_automatic_initializers), so num_automatic_initializers should be left as zero.
5915 array_data.Add (conv);
5916 } else if (conv is Constant) {
5917 // These are the types of Constant that can appear in arrays that can be
5918 // statically allocated.
5919 array_data.Add (conv);
5920 num_automatic_initializers++;
5922 array_data.Add (conv);
5929 public void UpdateIndices (EmitContext ec)
5932 for (ArrayList probe = initializers; probe != null;) {
5933 if (probe.Count > 0 && probe [0] is ArrayList) {
5934 Expression e = new IntConstant (probe.Count);
5935 arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
5937 bounds [i++] = probe.Count;
5939 probe = (ArrayList) probe [0];
5942 Expression e = new IntConstant (probe.Count);
5943 arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
5945 bounds [i++] = probe.Count;
5952 public bool ValidateInitializers (EmitContext ec, Type array_type)
5954 if (initializers == null) {
5955 if (expect_initializers)
5961 if (underlying_type == null)
5965 // We use this to store all the date values in the order in which we
5966 // will need to store them in the byte blob later
5968 array_data = new ArrayList ();
5969 bounds = new Hashtable ();
5973 if (arguments != null) {
5974 ret = CheckIndices (ec, initializers, 0, true);
5977 arguments = new ArrayList ();
5979 ret = CheckIndices (ec, initializers, 0, false);
5986 if (arguments.Count != dimensions) {
5987 Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ();
5996 // Converts `source' to an int, uint, long or ulong.
5998 Expression ExpressionToArrayArgument (EmitContext ec, Expression source)
6002 bool old_checked = ec.CheckState;
6003 ec.CheckState = true;
6005 target = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, source, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
6006 if (target == null){
6007 target = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, source, TypeManager.uint32_type, loc);
6008 if (target == null){
6009 target = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, source, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
6010 if (target == null){
6011 target = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, source, TypeManager.uint64_type, loc);
6013 Convert.Error_CannotImplicitConversion (loc, source.Type, TypeManager.int32_type);
6017 ec.CheckState = old_checked;
6020 // Only positive constants are allowed at compile time
6022 if (target is Constant){
6023 if (target is IntConstant){
6024 if (((IntConstant) target).Value < 0){
6025 Expression.Error_NegativeArrayIndex (loc);
6030 if (target is LongConstant){
6031 if (((LongConstant) target).Value < 0){
6032 Expression.Error_NegativeArrayIndex (loc);
6043 // Creates the type of the array
6045 bool LookupType (EmitContext ec)
6047 StringBuilder array_qualifier = new StringBuilder (rank);
6050 // `In the first form allocates an array instace of the type that results
6051 // from deleting each of the individual expression from the expression list'
6053 if (num_arguments > 0) {
6054 array_qualifier.Append ("[");
6055 for (int i = num_arguments-1; i > 0; i--)
6056 array_qualifier.Append (",");
6057 array_qualifier.Append ("]");
6063 Expression array_type_expr;
6064 array_type_expr = new ComposedCast (requested_base_type, array_qualifier.ToString (), loc);
6065 type = ec.DeclSpace.ResolveType (array_type_expr, false, loc);
6070 if (!type.IsArray) {
6071 Error (622, "Can only use array initializer expressions to assign to array types. Try using a new expression instead.");
6074 underlying_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (type);
6075 dimensions = type.GetArrayRank ();
6080 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6084 if (!LookupType (ec))
6088 // First step is to validate the initializers and fill
6089 // in any missing bits
6091 if (!ValidateInitializers (ec, type))
6094 if (arguments == null)
6097 arg_count = arguments.Count;
6098 foreach (Argument a in arguments){
6099 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
6102 Expression real_arg = ExpressionToArrayArgument (ec, a.Expr, loc);
6103 if (real_arg == null)
6110 array_element_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (type);
6112 if (array_element_type.IsAbstract && array_element_type.IsSealed) {
6113 Report.Error (719, loc, "'{0}': array elements cannot be of static type", TypeManager.CSharpName (array_element_type));
6117 if (arg_count == 1) {
6118 is_one_dimensional = true;
6119 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6123 is_builtin_type = TypeManager.IsBuiltinType (type);
6125 if (is_builtin_type) {
6128 ml = MemberLookup (ec, type, ".ctor", MemberTypes.Constructor,
6129 AllBindingFlags, loc);
6131 if (!(ml is MethodGroupExpr)) {
6132 ml.Error_UnexpectedKind ("method group", loc);
6137 Error (-6, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
6138 "this argument list");
6142 new_method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
6143 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) ml, arguments, false, loc);
6145 if (new_method == null) {
6146 Error (-6, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
6147 "this argument list");
6151 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6154 ModuleBuilder mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
6155 ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
6157 if (arguments != null) {
6158 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++)
6159 args.Add (TypeManager.int32_type);
6162 Type [] arg_types = null;
6165 arg_types = new Type [args.Count];
6167 args.CopyTo (arg_types, 0);
6169 new_method = mb.GetArrayMethod (type, ".ctor", CallingConventions.HasThis, null,
6172 if (new_method == null) {
6173 Error (-6, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
6174 "this argument list");
6178 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6183 public static byte [] MakeByteBlob (ArrayList array_data, Type underlying_type, Location loc)
6188 int count = array_data.Count;
6190 if (underlying_type.IsEnum)
6191 underlying_type = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (underlying_type);
6193 factor = GetTypeSize (underlying_type);
6195 throw new Exception ("unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + underlying_type);
6197 data = new byte [(count * factor + 4) & ~3];
6200 for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
6201 object v = array_data [i];
6203 if (v is EnumConstant)
6204 v = ((EnumConstant) v).Child;
6206 if (v is Constant && !(v is StringConstant))
6207 v = ((Constant) v).GetValue ();
6213 if (underlying_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
6214 if (!(v is Expression)){
6215 long val = (long) v;
6217 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6218 data [idx + j] = (byte) (val & 0xFF);
6222 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
6223 if (!(v is Expression)){
6224 ulong val = (ulong) v;
6226 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6227 data [idx + j] = (byte) (val & 0xFF);
6231 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.float_type) {
6232 if (!(v is Expression)){
6233 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((float) v);
6235 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6236 data [idx + j] = element [j];
6238 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.double_type) {
6239 if (!(v is Expression)){
6240 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((double) v);
6242 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6243 data [idx + j] = element [j];
6245 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.char_type){
6246 if (!(v is Expression)){
6247 int val = (int) ((char) v);
6249 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6250 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6252 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.short_type){
6253 if (!(v is Expression)){
6254 int val = (int) ((short) v);
6256 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6257 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6259 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
6260 if (!(v is Expression)){
6261 int val = (int) ((ushort) v);
6263 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6264 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6266 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
6267 if (!(v is Expression)){
6270 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6271 data [idx+1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
6272 data [idx+2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
6273 data [idx+3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
6275 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
6276 if (!(v is Expression)){
6277 uint val = (uint) v;
6279 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6280 data [idx+1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
6281 data [idx+2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
6282 data [idx+3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
6284 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
6285 if (!(v is Expression)){
6286 sbyte val = (sbyte) v;
6287 data [idx] = (byte) val;
6289 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
6290 if (!(v is Expression)){
6291 byte val = (byte) v;
6292 data [idx] = (byte) val;
6294 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.bool_type) {
6295 if (!(v is Expression)){
6296 bool val = (bool) v;
6297 data [idx] = (byte) (val ? 1 : 0);
6299 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.decimal_type){
6300 if (!(v is Expression)){
6301 int [] bits = Decimal.GetBits ((decimal) v);
6304 // FIXME: For some reason, this doesn't work on the MS runtime.
6305 int [] nbits = new int [4];
6306 nbits [0] = bits [3];
6307 nbits [1] = bits [2];
6308 nbits [2] = bits [0];
6309 nbits [3] = bits [1];
6311 for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++){
6312 data [p++] = (byte) (nbits [j] & 0xff);
6313 data [p++] = (byte) ((nbits [j] >> 8) & 0xff);
6314 data [p++] = (byte) ((nbits [j] >> 16) & 0xff);
6315 data [p++] = (byte) (nbits [j] >> 24);
6319 throw new Exception ("Unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + underlying_type);
6328 // Emits the initializers for the array
6330 void EmitStaticInitializers (EmitContext ec)
6333 // First, the static data
6336 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6338 byte [] data = MakeByteBlob (array_data, underlying_type, loc);
6340 fb = RootContext.MakeStaticData (data);
6342 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6343 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, fb);
6344 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call,
6345 TypeManager.void_initializearray_array_fieldhandle);
6349 // Emits pieces of the array that can not be computed at compile
6350 // time (variables and string locations).
6352 // This always expect the top value on the stack to be the array
6354 void EmitDynamicInitializers (EmitContext ec)
6356 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6357 int dims = bounds.Count;
6358 int [] current_pos = new int [dims];
6359 int top = array_data.Count;
6361 MethodInfo set = null;
6365 ModuleBuilder mb = null;
6366 mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
6367 args = new Type [dims + 1];
6370 for (j = 0; j < dims; j++)
6371 args [j] = TypeManager.int32_type;
6373 args [j] = array_element_type;
6375 set = mb.GetArrayMethod (
6377 CallingConventions.HasThis | CallingConventions.Standard,
6378 TypeManager.void_type, args);
6381 for (int i = 0; i < top; i++){
6383 Expression e = null;
6385 if (array_data [i] is Expression)
6386 e = (Expression) array_data [i];
6390 // Basically we do this for string literals and
6391 // other non-literal expressions
6393 if (e is EnumConstant){
6394 e = ((EnumConstant) e).Child;
6397 if (e is StringConstant || e is DecimalConstant || !(e is Constant) ||
6398 num_automatic_initializers <= max_automatic_initializers) {
6399 Type etype = e.Type;
6401 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6403 for (int idx = 0; idx < dims; idx++)
6404 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, current_pos [idx]);
6407 // If we are dealing with a struct, get the
6408 // address of it, so we can store it.
6411 etype.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.value_type) &&
6412 (!TypeManager.IsBuiltinOrEnum (etype) ||
6413 etype == TypeManager.decimal_type)) {
6418 // Let new know that we are providing
6419 // the address where to store the results
6421 n.DisableTemporaryValueType ();
6424 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, etype);
6431 OpCode op = ArrayAccess.GetStoreOpcode (etype, out is_stobj);
6433 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, etype);
6437 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, set);
6445 for (int j = dims - 1; j >= 0; j--){
6447 if (current_pos [j] < (int) bounds [j])
6449 current_pos [j] = 0;
6454 void EmitArrayArguments (EmitContext ec)
6456 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6458 foreach (Argument a in arguments) {
6459 Type atype = a.Type;
6462 if (atype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
6463 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U4);
6464 else if (atype == TypeManager.int64_type)
6465 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I4);
6469 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6471 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6473 EmitArrayArguments (ec);
6474 if (is_one_dimensional)
6475 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, array_element_type);
6477 if (is_builtin_type)
6478 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (ConstructorInfo) new_method);
6480 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (MethodInfo) new_method);
6483 if (initializers != null){
6485 // FIXME: Set this variable correctly.
6487 bool dynamic_initializers = true;
6489 // This will never be true for array types that cannot be statically
6490 // initialized. num_automatic_initializers will always be zero. See
6492 if (num_automatic_initializers > max_automatic_initializers)
6493 EmitStaticInitializers (ec);
6495 if (dynamic_initializers)
6496 EmitDynamicInitializers (ec);
6500 public object EncodeAsAttribute ()
6502 if (!is_one_dimensional){
6503 Report.Error (-211, Location, "attribute can not encode multi-dimensional arrays");
6507 if (array_data == null){
6508 Report.Error (-212, Location, "array should be initialized when passing it to an attribute");
6512 object [] ret = new object [array_data.Count];
6514 foreach (Expression e in array_data){
6517 if (e is NullLiteral)
6520 if (!Attribute.GetAttributeArgumentExpression (e, Location, array_element_type, out v))
6530 /// Represents the `this' construct
6532 public class This : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation, IVariable {
6535 VariableInfo variable_info;
6537 public This (Block block, Location loc)
6543 public This (Location loc)
6548 public VariableInfo VariableInfo {
6549 get { return variable_info; }
6552 public bool VerifyFixed (bool is_expression)
6554 if ((variable_info == null) || (variable_info.LocalInfo == null))
6557 return variable_info.LocalInfo.IsFixed;
6560 public bool ResolveBase (EmitContext ec)
6562 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6563 type = ec.ContainerType;
6566 Error (26, "Keyword this not valid in static code");
6570 if ((block != null) && (block.ThisVariable != null))
6571 variable_info = block.ThisVariable.VariableInfo;
6576 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6578 if (!ResolveBase (ec))
6581 if ((variable_info != null) && !variable_info.IsAssigned (ec)) {
6582 Error (188, "The this object cannot be used before all " +
6583 "of its fields are assigned to");
6584 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
6588 if (ec.IsFieldInitializer) {
6589 Error (27, "Keyword `this' can't be used outside a constructor, " +
6590 "a method or a property.");
6597 override public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
6599 if (!ResolveBase (ec))
6602 if (variable_info != null)
6603 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
6605 if (ec.TypeContainer is Class){
6606 Error (1604, "Cannot assign to `this'");
6613 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
6617 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6620 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
6622 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6624 if (ec.TypeContainer is Struct){
6628 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6629 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, type);
6631 throw new Exception ("how did you get here");
6635 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6637 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6640 if (ec.TypeContainer is Struct)
6641 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldobj, type);
6644 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
6649 // FIGURE OUT WHY LDARG_S does not work
6651 // consider: struct X { int val; int P { set { val = value; }}}
6653 // Yes, this looks very bad. Look at `NOTAS' for
6655 // ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga_S, (byte) 0);
6660 /// Represents the `__arglist' construct
6662 public class ArglistAccess : Expression
6664 public ArglistAccess (Location loc)
6669 public bool ResolveBase (EmitContext ec)
6671 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6672 type = TypeManager.runtime_argument_handle_type;
6676 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6678 if (!ResolveBase (ec))
6681 if (ec.IsFieldInitializer || !ec.CurrentBlock.HasVarargs) {
6682 Error (190, "The __arglist construct is valid only within " +
6683 "a variable argument method.");
6690 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6692 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Arglist);
6697 /// Represents the `__arglist (....)' construct
6699 public class Arglist : Expression
6701 public readonly Argument[] Arguments;
6703 public Arglist (Argument[] args, Location l)
6709 public Type[] ArgumentTypes {
6711 Type[] retval = new Type [Arguments.Length];
6712 for (int i = 0; i < Arguments.Length; i++)
6713 retval [i] = Arguments [i].Type;
6718 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6720 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6721 type = TypeManager.runtime_argument_handle_type;
6723 foreach (Argument arg in Arguments) {
6724 if (!arg.Resolve (ec, loc))
6731 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6733 foreach (Argument arg in Arguments)
6739 // This produces the value that renders an instance, used by the iterators code
6741 public class ProxyInstance : Expression, IMemoryLocation {
6742 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6744 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6745 type = ec.ContainerType;
6749 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6751 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
6755 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
6757 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
6762 /// Implements the typeof operator
6764 public class TypeOf : Expression {
6765 public Expression QueriedType;
6766 protected Type typearg;
6768 public TypeOf (Expression queried_type, Location l)
6770 QueriedType = queried_type;
6774 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6776 QueriedType = QueriedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
6777 if (QueriedType == null)
6780 typearg = QueriedType.Type;
6782 if (typearg == TypeManager.void_type) {
6783 Error (673, "System.Void cannot be used from C# - " +
6784 "use typeof (void) to get the void type object");
6788 if (typearg.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe){
6792 CheckObsoleteAttribute (typearg);
6794 type = TypeManager.type_type;
6795 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
6799 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6801 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, typearg);
6802 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, TypeManager.system_type_get_type_from_handle);
6805 public Type TypeArg {
6806 get { return typearg; }
6811 /// Implements the `typeof (void)' operator
6813 public class TypeOfVoid : TypeOf {
6814 public TypeOfVoid (Location l) : base (null, l)
6819 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6821 type = TypeManager.type_type;
6822 typearg = TypeManager.void_type;
6823 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
6829 /// Implements the sizeof expression
6831 public class SizeOf : Expression {
6832 public readonly Expression QueriedType;
6835 public SizeOf (Expression queried_type, Location l)
6837 this.QueriedType = queried_type;
6841 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6845 233, loc, "Sizeof may only be used in an unsafe context " +
6846 "(consider using System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SizeOf");
6850 type_queried = ec.DeclSpace.ResolveType (QueriedType, false, loc);
6851 if (type_queried == null)
6854 CheckObsoleteAttribute (type_queried);
6856 if (!TypeManager.IsUnmanagedType (type_queried)){
6857 Report.Error (208, loc, "Cannot take the size of an unmanaged type (" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type_queried) + ")");
6861 type = TypeManager.int32_type;
6862 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6866 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6868 int size = GetTypeSize (type_queried);
6871 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, type_queried);
6873 IntConstant.EmitInt (ec.ig, size);
6878 /// Implements the member access expression
6880 public class MemberAccess : Expression {
6881 public readonly string Identifier;
6884 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string id, Location l)
6891 public Expression Expr {
6897 public static void error176 (Location loc, string name)
6899 Report.Error (176, loc, "Static member `" +
6900 name + "' cannot be accessed " +
6901 "with an instance reference, qualify with a " +
6902 "type name instead");
6905 public static bool IdenticalNameAndTypeName (EmitContext ec, Expression left_original, Expression left, Location loc)
6907 SimpleName sn = left_original as SimpleName;
6908 if (sn == null || left == null || left.Type.Name != sn.Name)
6911 return RootContext.LookupType (ec.DeclSpace, sn.Name, true, loc) != null;
6914 public static Expression ResolveMemberAccess (EmitContext ec, Expression member_lookup,
6915 Expression left, Location loc,
6916 Expression left_original)
6918 bool left_is_type, left_is_explicit;
6920 // If `left' is null, then we're called from SimpleNameResolve and this is
6921 // a member in the currently defining class.
6923 left_is_type = ec.IsStatic || ec.IsFieldInitializer;
6924 left_is_explicit = false;
6926 // Implicitly default to `this' unless we're static.
6927 if (!ec.IsStatic && !ec.IsFieldInitializer && !ec.InEnumContext)
6928 left = ec.GetThis (loc);
6930 left_is_type = left is TypeExpr;
6931 left_is_explicit = true;
6934 if (member_lookup is FieldExpr){
6935 FieldExpr fe = (FieldExpr) member_lookup;
6936 FieldInfo fi = fe.FieldInfo;
6937 Type decl_type = fi.DeclaringType;
6939 if (fi is FieldBuilder) {
6940 Const c = TypeManager.LookupConstant ((FieldBuilder) fi);
6944 if (!c.LookupConstantValue (out o))
6947 object real_value = ((Constant) c.Expr).GetValue ();
6949 return Constantify (real_value, fi.FieldType);
6954 Type t = fi.FieldType;
6958 if (fi is FieldBuilder)
6959 o = TypeManager.GetValue ((FieldBuilder) fi);
6961 o = fi.GetValue (fi);
6963 if (decl_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)) {
6964 if (left_is_explicit && !left_is_type &&
6965 !IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, left_original, member_lookup, loc)) {
6966 error176 (loc, fe.FieldInfo.Name);
6970 Expression enum_member = MemberLookup (
6971 ec, decl_type, "value__", MemberTypes.Field,
6972 AllBindingFlags, loc);
6974 Enum en = TypeManager.LookupEnum (decl_type);
6978 c = Constantify (o, en.UnderlyingType);
6980 c = Constantify (o, enum_member.Type);
6982 return new EnumConstant (c, decl_type);
6985 Expression exp = Constantify (o, t);
6987 if (left_is_explicit && !left_is_type) {
6988 error176 (loc, fe.FieldInfo.Name);
6995 if (fi.FieldType.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe){
7001 if (member_lookup is EventExpr) {
7002 EventExpr ee = (EventExpr) member_lookup;
7005 // If the event is local to this class, we transform ourselves into
7009 if (ee.EventInfo.DeclaringType == ec.ContainerType ||
7010 TypeManager.IsNestedChildOf(ec.ContainerType, ee.EventInfo.DeclaringType)) {
7011 MemberInfo mi = GetFieldFromEvent (ee);
7015 // If this happens, then we have an event with its own
7016 // accessors and private field etc so there's no need
7017 // to transform ourselves.
7019 ee.InstanceExpression = left;
7023 Expression ml = ExprClassFromMemberInfo (ec, mi, loc);
7026 Report.Error (-200, loc, "Internal error!!");
7030 if (!left_is_explicit)
7033 ee.InstanceExpression = left;
7035 return ResolveMemberAccess (ec, ml, left, loc, left_original);
7039 if (member_lookup is IMemberExpr) {
7040 IMemberExpr me = (IMemberExpr) member_lookup;
7041 MethodGroupExpr mg = me as MethodGroupExpr;
7044 if ((mg != null) && left_is_explicit && left.Type.IsInterface)
7045 mg.IsExplicitImpl = left_is_explicit;
7048 if ((ec.IsFieldInitializer || ec.IsStatic) &&
7049 IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, left_original, member_lookup, loc))
7050 return member_lookup;
7052 SimpleName.Error_ObjectRefRequired (ec, loc, me.Name);
7057 if (!me.IsInstance) {
7058 if (IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, left_original, left, loc))
7059 return member_lookup;
7061 if (left_is_explicit) {
7062 error176 (loc, me.Name);
7068 // Since we can not check for instance objects in SimpleName,
7069 // becaue of the rule that allows types and variables to share
7070 // the name (as long as they can be de-ambiguated later, see
7071 // IdenticalNameAndTypeName), we have to check whether left
7072 // is an instance variable in a static context
7074 // However, if the left-hand value is explicitly given, then
7075 // it is already our instance expression, so we aren't in
7079 if (ec.IsStatic && !left_is_explicit && left is IMemberExpr){
7080 IMemberExpr mexp = (IMemberExpr) left;
7082 if (!mexp.IsStatic){
7083 SimpleName.Error_ObjectRefRequired (ec, loc, mexp.Name);
7088 if ((mg != null) && IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, left_original, left, loc))
7089 mg.IdenticalTypeName = true;
7091 me.InstanceExpression = left;
7094 return member_lookup;
7097 Console.WriteLine ("Left is: " + left);
7098 Report.Error (-100, loc, "Support for [" + member_lookup + "] is not present yet");
7099 Environment.Exit (1);
7103 public Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side, ResolveFlags flags)
7106 throw new Exception ();
7109 // Resolve the expression with flow analysis turned off, we'll do the definite
7110 // assignment checks later. This is because we don't know yet what the expression
7111 // will resolve to - it may resolve to a FieldExpr and in this case we must do the
7112 // definite assignment check on the actual field and not on the whole struct.
7115 Expression original = expr;
7116 expr = expr.Resolve (ec, flags | ResolveFlags.Intermediate | ResolveFlags.DisableFlowAnalysis);
7120 if (expr is SimpleName){
7121 SimpleName child_expr = (SimpleName) expr;
7123 Expression new_expr = new SimpleName (child_expr.Name, Identifier, loc);
7125 return new_expr.Resolve (ec, flags);
7129 // TODO: I mailed Ravi about this, and apparently we can get rid
7130 // of this and put it in the right place.
7132 // Handle enums here when they are in transit.
7133 // Note that we cannot afford to hit MemberLookup in this case because
7134 // it will fail to find any members at all
7137 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
7138 if (expr is TypeExpr){
7139 if (!ec.DeclSpace.CheckAccessLevel (expr_type)){
7140 Report.Error (122, loc, "'{0}' is inaccessible due to its protection level", expr_type);
7144 if (expr_type == TypeManager.enum_type || expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)){
7145 Enum en = TypeManager.LookupEnum (expr_type);
7148 object value = en.LookupEnumValue (ec, Identifier, loc);
7151 MemberCore mc = en.GetDefinition (Identifier);
7152 ObsoleteAttribute oa = mc.GetObsoleteAttribute (en);
7154 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, mc.GetSignatureForError (), Location);
7156 oa = en.GetObsoleteAttribute (en);
7158 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, en.GetSignatureForError (), Location);
7161 Constant c = Constantify (value, en.UnderlyingType);
7162 return new EnumConstant (c, expr_type);
7165 CheckObsoleteAttribute (expr_type);
7167 FieldInfo fi = expr_type.GetField (Identifier);
7169 ObsoleteAttribute oa = AttributeTester.GetMemberObsoleteAttribute (fi);
7171 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (fi), Location);
7177 if (expr_type.IsPointer){
7178 Error (23, "The `.' operator can not be applied to pointer operands (" +
7179 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + ")");
7183 Expression member_lookup;
7184 member_lookup = MemberLookupFinal (ec, expr_type, expr_type, Identifier, loc);
7185 if (member_lookup == null)
7188 if (member_lookup is TypeExpr) {
7189 if (!(expr is TypeExpr) && !(expr is SimpleName)) {
7190 Error (572, "Can't reference type `" + Identifier + "' through an expression; try `" +
7191 member_lookup.Type + "' instead");
7195 return member_lookup;
7198 member_lookup = ResolveMemberAccess (ec, member_lookup, expr, loc, original);
7199 if (member_lookup == null)
7202 // The following DoResolve/DoResolveLValue will do the definite assignment
7205 if (right_side != null)
7206 member_lookup = member_lookup.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7208 member_lookup = member_lookup.DoResolve (ec);
7210 return member_lookup;
7213 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7215 return DoResolve (ec, null, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue |
7216 ResolveFlags.SimpleName | ResolveFlags.Type);
7219 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
7221 return DoResolve (ec, right_side, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue |
7222 ResolveFlags.SimpleName | ResolveFlags.Type);
7225 public override Expression ResolveAsTypeStep (EmitContext ec)
7227 string fname = null;
7228 MemberAccess full_expr = this;
7229 while (full_expr != null) {
7231 fname = String.Concat (full_expr.Identifier, ".", fname);
7233 fname = full_expr.Identifier;
7235 if (full_expr.Expr is SimpleName) {
7236 string full_name = String.Concat (((SimpleName) full_expr.Expr).Name, ".", fname);
7237 Type fully_qualified = ec.DeclSpace.FindType (loc, full_name);
7238 if (fully_qualified != null)
7239 return new TypeExpression (fully_qualified, loc);
7242 full_expr = full_expr.Expr as MemberAccess;
7245 Expression new_expr = expr.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec);
7247 if (new_expr == null)
7250 if (new_expr is SimpleName){
7251 SimpleName child_expr = (SimpleName) new_expr;
7253 new_expr = new SimpleName (child_expr.Name, Identifier, loc);
7255 return new_expr.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec);
7258 Type expr_type = new_expr.Type;
7260 if (expr_type.IsPointer){
7261 Error (23, "The `.' operator can not be applied to pointer operands (" +
7262 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + ")");
7266 Expression member_lookup;
7267 member_lookup = MemberLookupFinal (ec, expr_type, expr_type, Identifier, loc);
7268 if (member_lookup == null)
7271 if (member_lookup is TypeExpr){
7272 member_lookup.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.Type);
7273 return member_lookup;
7279 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7281 throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
7284 public override string ToString ()
7286 return expr + "." + Identifier;
7291 /// Implements checked expressions
7293 public class CheckedExpr : Expression {
7295 public Expression Expr;
7297 public CheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
7303 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7305 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
7306 bool last_const_check = ec.ConstantCheckState;
7308 ec.CheckState = true;
7309 ec.ConstantCheckState = true;
7310 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7311 ec.CheckState = last_check;
7312 ec.ConstantCheckState = last_const_check;
7317 if (Expr is Constant)
7320 eclass = Expr.eclass;
7325 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7327 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
7328 bool last_const_check = ec.ConstantCheckState;
7330 ec.CheckState = true;
7331 ec.ConstantCheckState = true;
7333 ec.CheckState = last_check;
7334 ec.ConstantCheckState = last_const_check;
7340 /// Implements the unchecked expression
7342 public class UnCheckedExpr : Expression {
7344 public Expression Expr;
7346 public UnCheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
7352 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7354 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
7355 bool last_const_check = ec.ConstantCheckState;
7357 ec.CheckState = false;
7358 ec.ConstantCheckState = false;
7359 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7360 ec.CheckState = last_check;
7361 ec.ConstantCheckState = last_const_check;
7366 if (Expr is Constant)
7369 eclass = Expr.eclass;
7374 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7376 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
7377 bool last_const_check = ec.ConstantCheckState;
7379 ec.CheckState = false;
7380 ec.ConstantCheckState = false;
7382 ec.CheckState = last_check;
7383 ec.ConstantCheckState = last_const_check;
7389 /// An Element Access expression.
7391 /// During semantic analysis these are transformed into
7392 /// IndexerAccess, ArrayAccess or a PointerArithmetic.
7394 public class ElementAccess : Expression {
7395 public ArrayList Arguments;
7396 public Expression Expr;
7398 public ElementAccess (Expression e, ArrayList e_list, Location l)
7407 Arguments = new ArrayList ();
7408 foreach (Expression tmp in e_list)
7409 Arguments.Add (new Argument (tmp, Argument.AType.Expression));
7413 bool CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
7415 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7420 if (Arguments == null)
7423 foreach (Argument a in Arguments){
7424 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
7431 Expression MakePointerAccess (EmitContext ec)
7435 if (t == TypeManager.void_ptr_type){
7436 Error (242, "The array index operation is not valid for void pointers");
7439 if (Arguments.Count != 1){
7440 Error (196, "A pointer must be indexed by a single value");
7445 p = new PointerArithmetic (true, Expr, ((Argument)Arguments [0]).Expr, t, loc).Resolve (ec);
7448 return new Indirection (p, loc).Resolve (ec);
7451 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7453 if (!CommonResolve (ec))
7457 // We perform some simple tests, and then to "split" the emit and store
7458 // code we create an instance of a different class, and return that.
7460 // I am experimenting with this pattern.
7464 if (t == TypeManager.array_type){
7465 Report.Error (21, loc, "Cannot use indexer on System.Array");
7470 return (new ArrayAccess (this, loc)).Resolve (ec);
7471 else if (t.IsPointer)
7472 return MakePointerAccess (ec);
7474 return (new IndexerAccess (this, loc)).Resolve (ec);
7477 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
7479 if (!CommonResolve (ec))
7484 return (new ArrayAccess (this, loc)).ResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7485 else if (t.IsPointer)
7486 return MakePointerAccess (ec);
7488 return (new IndexerAccess (this, loc)).ResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7491 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7493 throw new Exception ("Should never be reached");
7498 /// Implements array access
7500 public class ArrayAccess : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation {
7502 // Points to our "data" repository
7506 LocalTemporary temp;
7509 public ArrayAccess (ElementAccess ea_data, Location l)
7512 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7516 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7519 ExprClass eclass = ea.Expr.eclass;
7521 // As long as the type is valid
7522 if (!(eclass == ExprClass.Variable || eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess ||
7523 eclass == ExprClass.Value)) {
7524 ea.Expr.Error_UnexpectedKind ("variable or value");
7529 Type t = ea.Expr.Type;
7530 if (t.GetArrayRank () != ea.Arguments.Count){
7532 "Incorrect number of indexes for array " +
7533 " expected: " + t.GetArrayRank () + " got: " +
7534 ea.Arguments.Count);
7538 type = TypeManager.GetElementType (t);
7539 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe){
7540 UnsafeError (ea.Location);
7544 foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments){
7545 Type argtype = a.Type;
7547 if (argtype == TypeManager.int32_type ||
7548 argtype == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
7549 argtype == TypeManager.int64_type ||
7550 argtype == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
7551 Constant c = a.Expr as Constant;
7552 if (c != null && c.IsNegative) {
7553 Report.Warning (251, 2, a.Expr.Location, "Indexing an array with a negative index (array indices always start at zero)");
7559 // Mhm. This is strage, because the Argument.Type is not the same as
7560 // Argument.Expr.Type: the value changes depending on the ref/out setting.
7562 // Wonder if I will run into trouble for this.
7564 a.Expr = ExpressionToArrayArgument (ec, a.Expr, ea.Location);
7569 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7575 /// Emits the right opcode to load an object of Type `t'
7576 /// from an array of T
7578 static public void EmitLoadOpcode (ILGenerator ig, Type type)
7580 if (type == TypeManager.byte_type || type == TypeManager.bool_type)
7581 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U1);
7582 else if (type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
7583 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I1);
7584 else if (type == TypeManager.short_type)
7585 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I2);
7586 else if (type == TypeManager.ushort_type || type == TypeManager.char_type)
7587 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U2);
7588 else if (type == TypeManager.int32_type)
7589 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I4);
7590 else if (type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
7591 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U4);
7592 else if (type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
7593 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I8);
7594 else if (type == TypeManager.int64_type)
7595 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I8);
7596 else if (type == TypeManager.float_type)
7597 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_R4);
7598 else if (type == TypeManager.double_type)
7599 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_R8);
7600 else if (type == TypeManager.intptr_type)
7601 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I);
7602 else if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (type)){
7603 EmitLoadOpcode (ig, TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (type));
7604 } else if (type.IsValueType){
7605 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, type);
7606 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldobj, type);
7608 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_Ref);
7612 /// Returns the right opcode to store an object of Type `t'
7613 /// from an array of T.
7615 static public OpCode GetStoreOpcode (Type t, out bool is_stobj)
7617 //Console.WriteLine (new System.Diagnostics.StackTrace ());
7619 t = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (t);
7620 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (t))
7621 t = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (t);
7622 if (t == TypeManager.byte_type || t == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
7623 t == TypeManager.bool_type)
7624 return OpCodes.Stelem_I1;
7625 else if (t == TypeManager.short_type || t == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
7626 t == TypeManager.char_type)
7627 return OpCodes.Stelem_I2;
7628 else if (t == TypeManager.int32_type || t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
7629 return OpCodes.Stelem_I4;
7630 else if (t == TypeManager.int64_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
7631 return OpCodes.Stelem_I8;
7632 else if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
7633 return OpCodes.Stelem_R4;
7634 else if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
7635 return OpCodes.Stelem_R8;
7636 else if (t == TypeManager.intptr_type) {
7638 return OpCodes.Stobj;
7639 } else if (t.IsValueType) {
7641 return OpCodes.Stobj;
7643 return OpCodes.Stelem_Ref;
7646 MethodInfo FetchGetMethod ()
7648 ModuleBuilder mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
7649 int arg_count = ea.Arguments.Count;
7650 Type [] args = new Type [arg_count];
7653 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++){
7654 //args [i++] = a.Type;
7655 args [i] = TypeManager.int32_type;
7658 get = mb.GetArrayMethod (
7659 ea.Expr.Type, "Get",
7660 CallingConventions.HasThis |
7661 CallingConventions.Standard,
7667 MethodInfo FetchAddressMethod ()
7669 ModuleBuilder mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
7670 int arg_count = ea.Arguments.Count;
7671 Type [] args = new Type [arg_count];
7675 ret_type = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (type);
7677 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++){
7678 //args [i++] = a.Type;
7679 args [i] = TypeManager.int32_type;
7682 address = mb.GetArrayMethod (
7683 ea.Expr.Type, "Address",
7684 CallingConventions.HasThis |
7685 CallingConventions.Standard,
7692 // Load the array arguments into the stack.
7694 // If we have been requested to cache the values (cached_locations array
7695 // initialized), then load the arguments the first time and store them
7696 // in locals. otherwise load from local variables.
7698 void LoadArrayAndArguments (EmitContext ec)
7700 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
7703 foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments){
7704 Type argtype = a.Expr.Type;
7708 if (argtype == TypeManager.int64_type)
7709 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I);
7710 else if (argtype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
7711 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I_Un);
7715 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
7717 int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
7718 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
7721 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
7724 EmitLoadOpcode (ig, type);
7728 method = FetchGetMethod ();
7729 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method);
7732 LoadFromPtr (ec.ig, this.type);
7735 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7736 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, this.type);
7741 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7746 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
7748 int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
7749 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
7750 Type t = source.Type;
7751 prepared = prepare_for_load;
7753 if (prepare_for_load) {
7754 AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
7755 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7758 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7759 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, this.type);
7762 StoreFromPtr (ec.ig, t);
7770 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
7774 OpCode op = GetStoreOpcode (t, out is_stobj);
7776 // The stobj opcode used by value types will need
7777 // an address on the stack, not really an array/array
7781 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, t);
7785 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7786 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, this.type);
7791 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, t);
7795 ModuleBuilder mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
7796 int arg_count = ea.Arguments.Count;
7797 Type [] args = new Type [arg_count + 1];
7802 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7803 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, this.type);
7807 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++){
7808 //args [i++] = a.Type;
7809 args [i] = TypeManager.int32_type;
7812 args [arg_count] = type;
7814 set = mb.GetArrayMethod (
7815 ea.Expr.Type, "Set",
7816 CallingConventions.HasThis |
7817 CallingConventions.Standard,
7818 TypeManager.void_type, args);
7820 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, set);
7827 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
7829 int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
7830 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
7832 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
7835 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, type);
7837 MethodInfo address = FetchAddressMethod ();
7838 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, address);
7845 public ArrayList Properties;
7846 static Hashtable map;
7848 public struct Indexer {
7849 public readonly Type Type;
7850 public readonly MethodInfo Getter, Setter;
7852 public Indexer (Type type, MethodInfo get, MethodInfo set)
7862 map = new Hashtable ();
7867 Properties = new ArrayList ();
7870 void Append (MemberInfo [] mi)
7872 foreach (PropertyInfo property in mi){
7873 MethodInfo get, set;
7875 get = property.GetGetMethod (true);
7876 set = property.GetSetMethod (true);
7877 Properties.Add (new Indexer (property.PropertyType, get, set));
7881 static private MemberInfo [] GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (Type caller_type, Type lookup_type)
7883 string p_name = TypeManager.IndexerPropertyName (lookup_type);
7885 MemberInfo [] mi = TypeManager.MemberLookup (
7886 caller_type, caller_type, lookup_type, MemberTypes.Property,
7887 BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance |
7888 BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly, p_name, null);
7890 if (mi == null || mi.Length == 0)
7896 static public Indexers GetIndexersForType (Type caller_type, Type lookup_type, Location loc)
7898 Indexers ix = (Indexers) map [lookup_type];
7903 Type copy = lookup_type;
7904 while (copy != TypeManager.object_type && copy != null){
7905 MemberInfo [] mi = GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (caller_type, copy);
7909 ix = new Indexers ();
7914 copy = copy.BaseType;
7917 if (!lookup_type.IsInterface)
7920 TypeExpr [] ifaces = TypeManager.GetInterfaces (lookup_type);
7921 if (ifaces != null) {
7922 foreach (TypeExpr iface in ifaces) {
7923 Type itype = iface.Type;
7924 MemberInfo [] mi = GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (caller_type, itype);
7927 ix = new Indexers ();
7939 /// Expressions that represent an indexer call.
7941 public class IndexerAccess : Expression, IAssignMethod {
7943 // Points to our "data" repository
7945 MethodInfo get, set;
7946 ArrayList set_arguments;
7947 bool is_base_indexer;
7949 protected Type indexer_type;
7950 protected Type current_type;
7951 protected Expression instance_expr;
7952 protected ArrayList arguments;
7954 public IndexerAccess (ElementAccess ea, Location loc)
7955 : this (ea.Expr, false, loc)
7957 this.arguments = ea.Arguments;
7960 protected IndexerAccess (Expression instance_expr, bool is_base_indexer,
7963 this.instance_expr = instance_expr;
7964 this.is_base_indexer = is_base_indexer;
7965 this.eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7969 protected virtual bool CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
7971 indexer_type = instance_expr.Type;
7972 current_type = ec.ContainerType;
7977 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7979 ArrayList AllGetters = new ArrayList();
7980 if (!CommonResolve (ec))
7984 // Step 1: Query for all `Item' *properties*. Notice
7985 // that the actual methods are pointed from here.
7987 // This is a group of properties, piles of them.
7989 bool found_any = false, found_any_getters = false;
7990 Type lookup_type = indexer_type;
7993 ilist = Indexers.GetIndexersForType (current_type, lookup_type, loc);
7994 if (ilist != null) {
7996 if (ilist.Properties != null) {
7997 foreach (Indexers.Indexer ix in ilist.Properties) {
7998 if (ix.Getter != null)
7999 AllGetters.Add(ix.Getter);
8004 if (AllGetters.Count > 0) {
8005 found_any_getters = true;
8006 get = (MethodInfo) Invocation.OverloadResolve (
8007 ec, new MethodGroupExpr (AllGetters, loc),
8008 arguments, false, loc);
8012 Report.Error (21, loc,
8013 "Type `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (indexer_type) +
8014 "' does not have any indexers defined");
8018 if (!found_any_getters) {
8019 Error (154, "indexer can not be used in this context, because " +
8020 "it lacks a `get' accessor");
8025 Error (1501, "No Overload for method `this' takes `" +
8026 arguments.Count + "' arguments");
8031 // Only base will allow this invocation to happen.
8033 if (get.IsAbstract && this is BaseIndexerAccess){
8034 Report.Error (205, loc, "Cannot call an abstract base indexer: " + Invocation.FullMethodDesc (get));
8038 type = get.ReturnType;
8039 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe){
8044 eclass = ExprClass.IndexerAccess;
8048 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
8050 ArrayList AllSetters = new ArrayList();
8051 if (!CommonResolve (ec))
8054 bool found_any = false, found_any_setters = false;
8056 Indexers ilist = Indexers.GetIndexersForType (current_type, indexer_type, loc);
8057 if (ilist != null) {
8059 if (ilist.Properties != null) {
8060 foreach (Indexers.Indexer ix in ilist.Properties) {
8061 if (ix.Setter != null)
8062 AllSetters.Add(ix.Setter);
8066 if (AllSetters.Count > 0) {
8067 found_any_setters = true;
8068 set_arguments = (ArrayList) arguments.Clone ();
8069 set_arguments.Add (new Argument (right_side, Argument.AType.Expression));
8070 set = (MethodInfo) Invocation.OverloadResolve (
8071 ec, new MethodGroupExpr (AllSetters, loc),
8072 set_arguments, false, loc);
8076 Report.Error (21, loc,
8077 "Type `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (indexer_type) +
8078 "' does not have any indexers defined");
8082 if (!found_any_setters) {
8083 Error (154, "indexer can not be used in this context, because " +
8084 "it lacks a `set' accessor");
8089 Error (1501, "No Overload for method `this' takes `" +
8090 arguments.Count + "' arguments");
8095 // Only base will allow this invocation to happen.
8097 if (set.IsAbstract && this is BaseIndexerAccess){
8098 Report.Error (205, loc, "Cannot call an abstract base indexer: " + Invocation.FullMethodDesc (set));
8103 // Now look for the actual match in the list of indexers to set our "return" type
8105 type = TypeManager.void_type; // default value
8106 foreach (Indexers.Indexer ix in ilist.Properties){
8107 if (ix.Setter == set){
8113 eclass = ExprClass.IndexerAccess;
8117 bool prepared = false;
8118 LocalTemporary temp;
8120 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
8122 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, is_base_indexer, false, instance_expr, get, arguments, loc, prepared, false);
8124 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8125 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, Type);
8131 // source is ignored, because we already have a copy of it from the
8132 // LValue resolution and we have already constructed a pre-cached
8133 // version of the arguments (ea.set_arguments);
8135 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
8137 prepared = prepare_for_load;
8138 Argument a = (Argument) set_arguments [set_arguments.Count - 1];
8143 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8144 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, Type);
8147 } else if (leave_copy) {
8148 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, Type);
8154 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, is_base_indexer, false, instance_expr, set, set_arguments, loc, false, prepared);
8161 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8168 /// The base operator for method names
8170 public class BaseAccess : Expression {
8173 public BaseAccess (string member, Location l)
8175 this.member = member;
8179 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8181 Expression c = CommonResolve (ec);
8187 // MethodGroups use this opportunity to flag an error on lacking ()
8189 if (!(c is MethodGroupExpr))
8190 return c.Resolve (ec);
8194 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
8196 Expression c = CommonResolve (ec);
8202 // MethodGroups use this opportunity to flag an error on lacking ()
8204 if (! (c is MethodGroupExpr))
8205 return c.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
8210 Expression CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
8212 Expression member_lookup;
8213 Type current_type = ec.ContainerType;
8214 Type base_type = current_type.BaseType;
8218 Error (1511, "Keyword base is not allowed in static method");
8222 if (ec.IsFieldInitializer){
8223 Error (1512, "Keyword base is not available in the current context");
8227 member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec, ec.ContainerType, null, base_type, member,
8228 AllMemberTypes, AllBindingFlags, loc);
8229 if (member_lookup == null) {
8230 MemberLookupFailed (ec, base_type, base_type, member, null, loc);
8237 left = new TypeExpression (base_type, loc);
8239 left = ec.GetThis (loc);
8241 e = MemberAccess.ResolveMemberAccess (ec, member_lookup, left, loc, null);
8243 if (e is PropertyExpr){
8244 PropertyExpr pe = (PropertyExpr) e;
8249 if (e is MethodGroupExpr)
8250 ((MethodGroupExpr) e).IsBase = true;
8255 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8257 throw new Exception ("Should never be called");
8262 /// The base indexer operator
8264 public class BaseIndexerAccess : IndexerAccess {
8265 public BaseIndexerAccess (ArrayList args, Location loc)
8266 : base (null, true, loc)
8268 arguments = new ArrayList ();
8269 foreach (Expression tmp in args)
8270 arguments.Add (new Argument (tmp, Argument.AType.Expression));
8273 protected override bool CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
8275 instance_expr = ec.GetThis (loc);
8277 current_type = ec.ContainerType.BaseType;
8278 indexer_type = current_type;
8280 foreach (Argument a in arguments){
8281 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
8290 /// This class exists solely to pass the Type around and to be a dummy
8291 /// that can be passed to the conversion functions (this is used by
8292 /// foreach implementation to typecast the object return value from
8293 /// get_Current into the proper type. All code has been generated and
8294 /// we only care about the side effect conversions to be performed
8296 /// This is also now used as a placeholder where a no-action expression
8297 /// is needed (the `New' class).
8299 public class EmptyExpression : Expression {
8300 public static readonly EmptyExpression Null = new EmptyExpression ();
8302 // TODO: should be protected
8303 public EmptyExpression ()
8305 type = TypeManager.object_type;
8306 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8307 loc = Location.Null;
8310 public EmptyExpression (Type t)
8313 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8314 loc = Location.Null;
8317 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8322 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8324 // nothing, as we only exist to not do anything.
8328 // This is just because we might want to reuse this bad boy
8329 // instead of creating gazillions of EmptyExpressions.
8330 // (CanImplicitConversion uses it)
8332 public void SetType (Type t)
8338 public class UserCast : Expression {
8342 public UserCast (MethodInfo method, Expression source, Location l)
8344 this.method = method;
8345 this.source = source;
8346 type = method.ReturnType;
8347 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8351 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8354 // We are born fully resolved
8359 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8361 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8365 if (method is MethodInfo)
8366 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
8368 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
8374 // This class is used to "construct" the type during a typecast
8375 // operation. Since the Type.GetType class in .NET can parse
8376 // the type specification, we just use this to construct the type
8377 // one bit at a time.
8379 public class ComposedCast : TypeExpr {
8383 public ComposedCast (Expression left, string dim, Location l)
8390 public override TypeExpr DoResolveAsTypeStep (EmitContext ec)
8392 Type ltype = ec.DeclSpace.ResolveType (left, false, loc);
8396 if ((ltype == TypeManager.void_type) && (dim != "*")) {
8397 Report.Error (1547, Location,
8398 "Keyword 'void' cannot be used in this context");
8403 // ltype.Fullname is already fully qualified, so we can skip
8404 // a lot of probes, and go directly to TypeManager.LookupType
8406 string cname = ltype.FullName + dim;
8407 type = TypeManager.LookupTypeDirect (cname);
8410 // For arrays of enumerations we are having a problem
8411 // with the direct lookup. Need to investigate.
8413 // For now, fall back to the full lookup in that case.
8415 type = RootContext.LookupType (
8416 ec.DeclSpace, cname, false, loc);
8422 if (!ec.ResolvingTypeTree){
8424 // If the above flag is set, this is being invoked from the ResolveType function.
8425 // Upper layers take care of the type validity in this context.
8427 if (!ec.InUnsafe && type.IsPointer){
8433 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
8437 public override string Name {
8445 // This class is used to represent the address of an array, used
8446 // only by the Fixed statement, this is like the C "&a [0]" construct.
8448 public class ArrayPtr : Expression {
8451 public ArrayPtr (Expression array, Location l)
8453 Type array_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (array.Type);
8457 type = TypeManager.GetPointerType (array_type);
8458 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8462 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8464 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8467 IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, 0);
8468 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, TypeManager.GetElementType (array.Type));
8471 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8474 // We are born fully resolved
8481 // Used by the fixed statement
8483 public class StringPtr : Expression {
8486 public StringPtr (LocalBuilder b, Location l)
8489 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8490 type = TypeManager.char_ptr_type;
8494 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8496 // This should never be invoked, we are born in fully
8497 // initialized state.
8502 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8504 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8506 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, b);
8507 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
8508 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, TypeManager.int_get_offset_to_string_data);
8509 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
8514 // Implements the `stackalloc' keyword
8516 public class StackAlloc : Expression {
8521 public StackAlloc (Expression type, Expression count, Location l)
8528 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8530 count = count.Resolve (ec);
8534 if (count.Type != TypeManager.int32_type){
8535 count = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, count, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
8540 Constant c = count as Constant;
8541 if (c != null && c.IsNegative) {
8542 Report.Error (247, loc, "Cannot use a negative size with stackalloc");
8546 if (ec.CurrentBranching.InCatch () ||
8547 ec.CurrentBranching.InFinally (true)) {
8549 "stackalloc can not be used in a catch or finally block");
8553 otype = ec.DeclSpace.ResolveType (t, false, loc);
8558 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnManaged (otype, loc))
8561 type = TypeManager.GetPointerType (otype);
8562 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8567 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8569 int size = GetTypeSize (otype);
8570 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8573 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, otype);
8575 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, size);
8577 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Mul);
8578 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Localloc);