2 // expression.cs: Expression representation for the IL tree.
5 // Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com)
6 // Marek Safar (marek.safar@gmail.com)
8 // Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Ximian, Inc.
9 // Copyright 2003-2008 Novell, Inc.
13 namespace Mono.CSharp {
15 using System.Collections.Generic;
16 using System.Reflection;
17 using System.Reflection.Emit;
20 using SLE = System.Linq.Expressions;
23 // This is an user operator expression, automatically created during
26 public class UserOperatorCall : Expression {
27 public delegate Expression ExpressionTreeExpression (ResolveContext ec, MethodGroupExpr mg);
29 protected readonly Arguments arguments;
30 protected readonly MethodGroupExpr mg;
31 readonly ExpressionTreeExpression expr_tree;
33 public UserOperatorCall (MethodGroupExpr mg, Arguments args, ExpressionTreeExpression expr_tree, Location loc)
36 this.arguments = args;
37 this.expr_tree = expr_tree;
39 type = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (((MethodSpec) mg).ReturnType);
40 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
44 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
46 if (expr_tree != null)
47 return expr_tree (ec, mg);
49 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, arguments,
50 new NullLiteral (loc),
51 mg.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
53 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Call", args);
56 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext context, Expression target)
61 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
64 // We are born fully resolved
69 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
71 mg.EmitCall (ec, arguments);
74 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
76 var method = ((MethodSpec) mg).MetaInfo as MethodInfo;
77 return SLE.Expression.Call (method, Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx));
80 public MethodGroupExpr Method {
84 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
86 arguments.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
87 mg.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
91 public class ParenthesizedExpression : ShimExpression
93 public ParenthesizedExpression (Expression expr)
99 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
101 return expr.Resolve (ec);
104 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
106 return expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
111 // Unary implements unary expressions.
113 public class Unary : Expression
115 public enum Operator : byte {
116 UnaryPlus, UnaryNegation, LogicalNot, OnesComplement,
120 static Type [] [] predefined_operators;
122 public readonly Operator Oper;
123 public Expression Expr;
124 Expression enum_conversion;
126 public Unary (Operator op, Expression expr)
134 // This routine will attempt to simplify the unary expression when the
135 // argument is a constant.
137 Constant TryReduceConstant (ResolveContext ec, Constant e)
139 if (e is EmptyConstantCast)
140 return TryReduceConstant (ec, ((EmptyConstantCast) e).child);
142 if (e is SideEffectConstant) {
143 Constant r = TryReduceConstant (ec, ((SideEffectConstant) e).value);
144 return r == null ? null : new SideEffectConstant (r, e, r.Location);
147 Type expr_type = e.Type;
150 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
151 // Unary numeric promotions
152 if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
153 return new IntConstant (((ByteConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
154 if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
155 return new IntConstant (((SByteConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
156 if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type)
157 return new IntConstant (((ShortConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
158 if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
159 return new IntConstant (((UShortConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
160 if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type)
161 return new IntConstant (((CharConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
163 // Predefined operators
164 if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type || expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
165 expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type || expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
166 expr_type == TypeManager.float_type || expr_type == TypeManager.double_type ||
167 expr_type == TypeManager.decimal_type) {
173 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
174 // Unary numeric promotions
175 if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
176 return new IntConstant (-((ByteConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
177 if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
178 return new IntConstant (-((SByteConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
179 if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type)
180 return new IntConstant (-((ShortConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
181 if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
182 return new IntConstant (-((UShortConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
183 if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type)
184 return new IntConstant (-((CharConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
186 // Predefined operators
187 if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
188 int value = ((IntConstant)e).Value;
189 if (value == int.MinValue) {
190 if (ec.ConstantCheckState) {
191 ConstantFold.Error_CompileTimeOverflow (ec, loc);
196 return new IntConstant (-value, e.Location);
198 if (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type) {
199 long value = ((LongConstant)e).Value;
200 if (value == long.MinValue) {
201 if (ec.ConstantCheckState) {
202 ConstantFold.Error_CompileTimeOverflow (ec, loc);
207 return new LongConstant (-value, e.Location);
210 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
211 UIntLiteral uil = e as UIntLiteral;
213 if (uil.Value == int.MaxValue + (uint) 1)
214 return new IntLiteral (int.MinValue, e.Location);
215 return new LongLiteral (-uil.Value, e.Location);
217 return new LongConstant (-((UIntConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
220 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
221 ULongLiteral ull = e as ULongLiteral;
222 if (ull != null && ull.Value == 9223372036854775808)
223 return new LongLiteral (long.MinValue, e.Location);
227 if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type) {
228 FloatLiteral fl = e as FloatLiteral;
229 // For better error reporting
231 return new FloatLiteral (-fl.Value, e.Location);
233 return new FloatConstant (-((FloatConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
235 if (expr_type == TypeManager.double_type) {
236 DoubleLiteral dl = e as DoubleLiteral;
237 // For better error reporting
239 return new DoubleLiteral (-dl.Value, e.Location);
241 return new DoubleConstant (-((DoubleConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
243 if (expr_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
244 return new DecimalConstant (-((DecimalConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
248 case Operator.LogicalNot:
249 if (expr_type != TypeManager.bool_type)
252 bool b = (bool)e.GetValue ();
253 return new BoolConstant (!b, e.Location);
255 case Operator.OnesComplement:
256 // Unary numeric promotions
257 if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
258 return new IntConstant (~((ByteConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
259 if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
260 return new IntConstant (~((SByteConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
261 if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type)
262 return new IntConstant (~((ShortConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
263 if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
264 return new IntConstant (~((UShortConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
265 if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type)
266 return new IntConstant (~((CharConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
268 // Predefined operators
269 if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
270 return new IntConstant (~((IntConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
271 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
272 return new UIntConstant (~((UIntConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
273 if (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
274 return new LongConstant (~((LongConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
275 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
276 return new ULongConstant (~((ULongConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
278 if (e is EnumConstant) {
279 e = TryReduceConstant (ec, ((EnumConstant)e).Child);
281 e = new EnumConstant (e, expr_type);
286 throw new Exception ("Can not constant fold: " + Oper.ToString());
289 protected Expression ResolveOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
291 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
293 if (predefined_operators == null)
294 CreatePredefinedOperatorsTable ();
296 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
297 Expression best_expr;
300 // Primitive types first
302 if (TypeManager.IsPrimitiveType (expr_type)) {
303 best_expr = ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (expr);
304 if (best_expr == null)
307 type = best_expr.Type;
313 // E operator ~(E x);
315 if (Oper == Operator.OnesComplement && TypeManager.IsEnumType (expr_type))
316 return ResolveEnumOperator (ec, expr);
318 return ResolveUserType (ec, expr);
321 protected virtual Expression ResolveEnumOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
323 Type underlying_type = TypeManager.GetEnumUnderlyingType (expr.Type);
324 Expression best_expr = ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (EmptyCast.Create (expr, underlying_type));
325 if (best_expr == null)
329 enum_conversion = Convert.ExplicitNumericConversion (new EmptyExpression (best_expr.Type), underlying_type);
331 return EmptyCast.Create (this, type);
334 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
336 return CreateExpressionTree (ec, null);
339 Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec, MethodGroupExpr user_op)
343 case Operator.AddressOf:
344 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
346 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
347 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && user_op == null && !IsFloat (type))
348 method_name = "NegateChecked";
350 method_name = "Negate";
352 case Operator.OnesComplement:
353 case Operator.LogicalNot:
356 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
357 method_name = "UnaryPlus";
360 throw new InternalErrorException ("Unknown unary operator " + Oper.ToString ());
363 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
364 args.Add (new Argument (Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
366 args.Add (new Argument (user_op.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
367 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, method_name, args);
370 static void CreatePredefinedOperatorsTable ()
372 predefined_operators = new Type [(int) Operator.TOP] [];
375 // 7.6.1 Unary plus operator
377 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.UnaryPlus] = new Type [] {
378 TypeManager.int32_type, TypeManager.uint32_type,
379 TypeManager.int64_type, TypeManager.uint64_type,
380 TypeManager.float_type, TypeManager.double_type,
381 TypeManager.decimal_type
385 // 7.6.2 Unary minus operator
387 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.UnaryNegation] = new Type [] {
388 TypeManager.int32_type,
389 TypeManager.int64_type,
390 TypeManager.float_type, TypeManager.double_type,
391 TypeManager.decimal_type
395 // 7.6.3 Logical negation operator
397 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.LogicalNot] = new Type [] {
398 TypeManager.bool_type
402 // 7.6.4 Bitwise complement operator
404 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.OnesComplement] = new Type [] {
405 TypeManager.int32_type, TypeManager.uint32_type,
406 TypeManager.int64_type, TypeManager.uint64_type
411 // Unary numeric promotions
413 static Expression DoNumericPromotion (Operator op, Expression expr)
415 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
416 if ((op == Operator.UnaryPlus || op == Operator.UnaryNegation || op == Operator.OnesComplement) &&
417 expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type || expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
418 expr_type == TypeManager.short_type || expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
419 expr_type == TypeManager.char_type)
420 return Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (expr, TypeManager.int32_type);
422 if (op == Operator.UnaryNegation && expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
423 return Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (expr, TypeManager.int64_type);
428 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
430 if (Oper == Operator.AddressOf) {
431 return ResolveAddressOf (ec);
434 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
438 if (TypeManager.IsDynamicType (Expr.Type)) {
439 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
440 args.Add (new Argument (Expr));
441 return new DynamicUnaryConversion (GetOperatorExpressionTypeName (), args, loc).Resolve (ec);
444 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (Expr.Type))
445 return new Nullable.LiftedUnaryOperator (Oper, Expr).Resolve (ec);
448 // Attempt to use a constant folding operation.
450 Constant cexpr = Expr as Constant;
452 cexpr = TryReduceConstant (ec, cexpr);
454 return cexpr.Resolve (ec);
457 Expression expr = ResolveOperator (ec, Expr);
459 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, loc, OperName (Oper), Expr.Type);
462 // Reduce unary operator on predefined types
464 if (expr == this && Oper == Operator.UnaryPlus)
470 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right)
475 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
477 EmitOperator (ec, type);
480 protected void EmitOperator (EmitContext ec, Type type)
482 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
485 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
489 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
490 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type)) {
491 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
492 if (type == TypeManager.int64_type)
493 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U8);
495 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf);
498 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Neg);
503 case Operator.LogicalNot:
505 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
506 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
509 case Operator.OnesComplement:
511 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Not);
514 case Operator.AddressOf:
515 ((IMemoryLocation)Expr).AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
519 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
524 // Same trick as in Binary expression
526 if (enum_conversion != null)
527 enum_conversion.Emit (ec);
530 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
532 if (Oper == Operator.LogicalNot)
533 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, !on_true);
535 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
538 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
540 Expr.EmitSideEffect (ec);
543 public static void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Location loc, string oper, Type t)
545 ec.Report.Error (23, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to operand of type `{1}'",
546 oper, TypeManager.CSharpName (t));
550 // Converts operator to System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionType enum name
552 string GetOperatorExpressionTypeName ()
555 case Operator.OnesComplement:
556 return "OnesComplement";
557 case Operator.LogicalNot:
559 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
561 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
564 throw new NotImplementedException ("Unknown express type operator " + Oper.ToString ());
568 static bool IsFloat (Type t)
570 return t == TypeManager.float_type || t == TypeManager.double_type;
574 // Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
576 public static string OperName (Operator oper)
579 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
581 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
583 case Operator.LogicalNot:
585 case Operator.OnesComplement:
587 case Operator.AddressOf:
591 throw new NotImplementedException (oper.ToString ());
594 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
596 var expr = Expr.MakeExpression (ctx);
597 bool is_checked = ctx.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.CheckedScope);
600 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
601 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.NegateChecked (expr) : SLE.Expression.Negate (expr);
602 case Operator.LogicalNot:
603 return SLE.Expression.Not (expr);
605 case Operator.OnesComplement:
606 return SLE.Expression.OnesComplement (expr);
609 throw new NotImplementedException (Oper.ToString ());
613 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
615 type = storey.MutateType (type);
616 Expr.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
619 Expression ResolveAddressOf (ResolveContext ec)
622 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
624 Expr = Expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, EmptyExpression.UnaryAddress);
625 if (Expr == null || Expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable) {
626 ec.Report.Error (211, loc, "Cannot take the address of the given expression");
630 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Compiler, Expr.Type, loc)) {
634 IVariableReference vr = Expr as IVariableReference;
637 VariableInfo vi = vr.VariableInfo;
639 if (vi.LocalInfo != null)
640 vi.LocalInfo.Used = true;
643 // A variable is considered definitely assigned if you take its address.
648 is_fixed = vr.IsFixed;
649 vr.SetHasAddressTaken ();
652 AnonymousMethodExpression.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (ec, vr, loc);
655 IFixedExpression fe = Expr as IFixedExpression;
656 is_fixed = fe != null && fe.IsFixed;
659 if (!is_fixed && !ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.FixedInitializerScope)) {
660 ec.Report.Error (212, loc, "You can only take the address of unfixed expression inside of a fixed statement initializer");
663 type = TypeManager.GetPointerType (Expr.Type);
664 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
668 Expression ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (Expression expr)
670 expr = DoNumericPromotion (Oper, expr);
671 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
672 Type[] predefined = predefined_operators [(int) Oper];
673 foreach (Type t in predefined) {
681 // Perform user-operator overload resolution
683 protected virtual Expression ResolveUserOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
685 CSharp.Operator.OpType op_type;
687 case Operator.LogicalNot:
688 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.LogicalNot; break;
689 case Operator.OnesComplement:
690 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.OnesComplement; break;
691 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
692 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.UnaryNegation; break;
693 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
694 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.UnaryPlus; break;
696 throw new InternalErrorException (Oper.ToString ());
699 string op_name = CSharp.Operator.GetMetadataName (op_type);
700 MethodGroupExpr user_op = MemberLookup (ec.Compiler, ec.CurrentType, expr.Type, op_name, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, expr.Location) as MethodGroupExpr;
704 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
705 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
706 user_op = user_op.OverloadResolve (ec, ref args, false, expr.Location);
711 Expr = args [0].Expr;
712 return new UserOperatorCall (user_op, args, CreateExpressionTree, expr.Location);
716 // Unary user type overload resolution
718 Expression ResolveUserType (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
720 Expression best_expr = ResolveUserOperator (ec, expr);
721 if (best_expr != null)
724 Type[] predefined = predefined_operators [(int) Oper];
725 foreach (Type t in predefined) {
726 Expression oper_expr = Convert.UserDefinedConversion (ec, expr, t, expr.Location, false, false);
727 if (oper_expr == null)
731 // decimal type is predefined but has user-operators
733 if (oper_expr.Type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
734 oper_expr = ResolveUserType (ec, oper_expr);
736 oper_expr = ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (oper_expr);
738 if (oper_expr == null)
741 if (best_expr == null) {
742 best_expr = oper_expr;
746 int result = MethodGroupExpr.BetterTypeConversion (ec, best_expr.Type, t);
748 ec.Report.Error (35, loc, "Operator `{0}' is ambiguous on an operand of type `{1}'",
749 OperName (Oper), TypeManager.CSharpName (expr.Type));
754 best_expr = oper_expr;
757 if (best_expr == null)
761 // HACK: Decimal user-operator is included in standard operators
763 if (best_expr.Type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
767 type = best_expr.Type;
771 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
773 Unary target = (Unary) t;
775 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
780 // Unary operators are turned into Indirection expressions
781 // after semantic analysis (this is so we can take the address
782 // of an indirection).
784 public class Indirection : Expression, IMemoryLocation, IAssignMethod, IFixedExpression {
786 LocalTemporary temporary;
789 public Indirection (Expression expr, Location l)
795 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
797 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
801 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
803 Indirection target = (Indirection) t;
804 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
807 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
812 LoadFromPtr (ec.ig, Type);
815 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
819 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
820 temporary = new LocalTemporary (expr.Type);
821 temporary.Store (ec);
825 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
827 prepared = prepare_for_load;
831 if (prepare_for_load)
832 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
836 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
837 temporary = new LocalTemporary (expr.Type);
838 temporary.Store (ec);
841 StoreFromPtr (ec.ig, type);
843 if (temporary != null) {
845 temporary.Release (ec);
849 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
854 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
856 return DoResolve (ec);
859 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
861 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
866 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
868 if (!expr.Type.IsPointer) {
869 ec.Report.Error (193, loc, "The * or -> operator must be applied to a pointer");
873 if (expr.Type == TypeManager.void_ptr_type) {
874 ec.Report.Error (242, loc, "The operation in question is undefined on void pointers");
878 type = TypeManager.GetElementType (expr.Type);
879 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
883 public bool IsFixed {
887 public override string ToString ()
889 return "*(" + expr + ")";
894 /// Unary Mutator expressions (pre and post ++ and --)
898 /// UnaryMutator implements ++ and -- expressions. It derives from
899 /// ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
900 /// operators can be used in a statement context.
902 /// FIXME: Idea, we could split this up in two classes, one simpler
903 /// for the common case, and one with the extra fields for more complex
904 /// classes (indexers require temporary access; overloaded require method)
907 public class UnaryMutator : ExpressionStatement
909 class DynamicPostMutator : Expression, IAssignMethod
914 public DynamicPostMutator (Expression expr)
917 this.type = expr.Type;
918 this.loc = expr.Location;
921 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
923 throw new NotImplementedException ("ET");
926 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
928 eclass = expr.eclass;
932 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
934 expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
935 return DoResolve (ec);
938 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
943 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
945 throw new NotImplementedException ();
949 // Emits target assignment using unmodified source value
951 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
954 // Allocate temporary variable to keep original value before it's modified
956 temp = new LocalTemporary (type);
960 ((IAssignMethod) expr).EmitAssign (ec, source, false, prepare_for_load);
971 public enum Mode : byte {
978 PreDecrement = IsDecrement,
979 PostIncrement = IsPost,
980 PostDecrement = IsPost | IsDecrement
984 bool is_expr, recurse;
988 // Holds the real operation
989 Expression operation;
991 public UnaryMutator (Mode m, Expression e)
998 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1000 return new SimpleAssign (this, this).CreateExpressionTree (ec);
1003 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1005 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1010 if (TypeManager.IsDynamicType (expr.Type)) {
1012 // Handle postfix unary operators using local
1013 // temporary variable
1015 if ((mode & Mode.IsPost) != 0)
1016 expr = new DynamicPostMutator (expr);
1018 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
1019 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
1020 return new SimpleAssign (expr, new DynamicUnaryConversion (GetOperatorExpressionTypeName (), args, loc)).Resolve (ec);
1023 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (expr.Type))
1024 return new Nullable.LiftedUnaryMutator (mode, expr, loc).Resolve (ec);
1026 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1028 return ResolveOperator (ec);
1031 void EmitCode (EmitContext ec, bool is_expr)
1034 this.is_expr = is_expr;
1035 ((IAssignMethod) expr).EmitAssign (ec, this, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PreDecrement), true);
1038 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1041 // We use recurse to allow ourselfs to be the source
1042 // of an assignment. This little hack prevents us from
1043 // having to allocate another expression
1046 ((IAssignMethod) expr).Emit (ec, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PostIncrement || mode == Mode.PostDecrement));
1048 operation.Emit (ec);
1054 EmitCode (ec, true);
1057 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
1059 EmitCode (ec, false);
1063 // Converts operator to System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionType enum name
1065 string GetOperatorExpressionTypeName ()
1067 return IsDecrement ? "Decrement" : "Increment";
1071 get { return (mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0; }
1075 // Returns whether an object of type `t' can be incremented
1076 // or decremented with add/sub (ie, basically whether we can
1077 // use pre-post incr-decr operations on it, but it is not a
1078 // System.Decimal, which we require operator overloading to catch)
1080 static bool IsPredefinedOperator (Type t)
1082 return (TypeManager.IsPrimitiveType (t) && t != TypeManager.bool_type) ||
1083 TypeManager.IsEnumType (t) ||
1084 t.IsPointer && t != TypeManager.void_ptr_type;
1088 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
1090 var target = ((RuntimeValueExpression) expr).MetaObject.Expression;
1091 var source = SLE.Expression.Convert (operation.MakeExpression (ctx), target.Type);
1092 return SLE.Expression.Assign (target, source);
1096 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1098 UnaryMutator target = (UnaryMutator) t;
1100 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1103 Expression ResolveOperator (ResolveContext ec)
1105 if (expr is RuntimeValueExpression) {
1108 // Use itself at the top of the stack
1109 operation = new EmptyExpression (type);
1113 // The operand of the prefix/postfix increment decrement operators
1114 // should be an expression that is classified as a variable,
1115 // a property access or an indexer access
1117 if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Variable || expr.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess || expr.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess) {
1118 expr = expr.ResolveLValue (ec, expr);
1120 ec.Report.Error (1059, loc, "The operand of an increment or decrement operator must be a variable, property or indexer");
1124 // 1. Check predefined types
1126 if (IsPredefinedOperator (type)) {
1127 // TODO: Move to IntConstant once I get rid of int32_type
1128 var one = new IntConstant (1, loc);
1130 // TODO: Cache this based on type when using EmptyExpression in
1132 Binary.Operator op = IsDecrement ? Binary.Operator.Subtraction : Binary.Operator.Addition;
1133 operation = new Binary (op, operation, one);
1134 operation = operation.Resolve (ec);
1135 if (operation != null && operation.Type != type)
1136 operation = Convert.ExplicitNumericConversion (operation, type);
1142 // Step 2: Perform Operator Overload location
1148 op_name = Operator.GetMetadataName (Operator.OpType.Decrement);
1150 op_name = Operator.GetMetadataName (Operator.OpType.Increment);
1152 mg = MemberLookup (ec.Compiler, ec.CurrentType, type, op_name, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc) as MethodGroupExpr;
1155 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
1156 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
1157 mg = mg.OverloadResolve (ec, ref args, false, loc);
1161 args[0].Expr = operation;
1162 operation = new UserOperatorCall (mg, args, null, loc);
1163 operation = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, operation, type, loc);
1167 string name = IsDecrement ?
1168 Operator.GetName (Operator.OpType.Decrement) :
1169 Operator.GetName (Operator.OpType.Increment);
1171 Unary.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, loc, name, type);
1177 /// Base class for the `Is' and `As' classes.
1181 /// FIXME: Split this in two, and we get to save the `Operator' Oper
1184 public abstract class Probe : Expression {
1185 public Expression ProbeType;
1186 protected Expression expr;
1187 protected TypeExpr probe_type_expr;
1189 public Probe (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1191 ProbeType = probe_type;
1196 public Expression Expr {
1202 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1204 probe_type_expr = ProbeType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
1205 if (probe_type_expr == null)
1208 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1212 if ((probe_type_expr.Type.Attributes & Class.StaticClassAttribute) == Class.StaticClassAttribute) {
1213 ec.Report.Error (-244, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to an operand of a static type",
1217 if (expr.Type.IsPointer || probe_type_expr.Type.IsPointer) {
1218 ec.Report.Error (244, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to an operand of pointer type",
1223 if (expr.Type == InternalType.AnonymousMethod) {
1224 ec.Report.Error (837, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to a lambda expression or anonymous method",
1232 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
1234 expr.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
1235 probe_type_expr.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
1238 protected abstract string OperatorName { get; }
1240 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1242 Probe target = (Probe) t;
1244 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1245 target.ProbeType = ProbeType.Clone (clonectx);
1251 /// Implementation of the `is' operator.
1253 public class Is : Probe {
1254 Nullable.Unwrap expr_unwrap;
1256 public Is (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1257 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1261 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1263 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, null,
1264 expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec),
1265 new TypeOf (probe_type_expr, loc));
1267 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "TypeIs", args);
1270 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1272 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
1273 if (expr_unwrap != null) {
1274 expr_unwrap.EmitCheck (ec);
1279 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type_expr.Type);
1280 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldnull);
1281 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
1284 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
1286 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
1287 if (expr_unwrap != null) {
1288 expr_unwrap.EmitCheck (ec);
1291 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type_expr.Type);
1293 ig.Emit (on_true ? OpCodes.Brtrue : OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
1296 Expression CreateConstantResult (ResolveContext ec, bool result)
1299 ec.Report.Warning (183, 1, loc, "The given expression is always of the provided (`{0}') type",
1300 TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type_expr.Type));
1302 ec.Report.Warning (184, 1, loc, "The given expression is never of the provided (`{0}') type",
1303 TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type_expr.Type));
1305 return ReducedExpression.Create (new BoolConstant (result, loc).Resolve (ec), this);
1308 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1310 if (base.DoResolve (ec) == null)
1314 bool d_is_nullable = false;
1317 // If E is a method group or the null literal, or if the type of E is a reference
1318 // type or a nullable type and the value of E is null, the result is false
1320 if (expr.IsNull || expr.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup)
1321 return CreateConstantResult (ec, false);
1323 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (d) && !TypeManager.ContainsGenericParameters (d)) {
1324 d = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (TypeManager.GetTypeArguments (d) [0]);
1325 d_is_nullable = true;
1328 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
1329 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1330 Type t = probe_type_expr.Type;
1331 bool t_is_nullable = false;
1332 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (t) && !TypeManager.ContainsGenericParameters (t)) {
1333 t = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (TypeManager.GetTypeArguments (t) [0]);
1334 t_is_nullable = true;
1337 if (TypeManager.IsStruct (t)) {
1340 // D and T are the same value types but D can be null
1342 if (d_is_nullable && !t_is_nullable) {
1343 expr_unwrap = Nullable.Unwrap.Create (expr, false);
1348 // The result is true if D and T are the same value types
1350 return CreateConstantResult (ec, true);
1353 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (d))
1354 return ResolveGenericParameter (ec, t, d);
1357 // An unboxing conversion exists
1359 if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (d, t))
1362 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (t))
1363 return ResolveGenericParameter (ec, d, t);
1365 if (TypeManager.IsStruct (d)) {
1367 if (Convert.ImplicitBoxingConversionExists (expr, t, out temp))
1368 return CreateConstantResult (ec, true);
1370 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (d))
1371 return ResolveGenericParameter (ec, t, d);
1373 if (TypeManager.ContainsGenericParameters (d))
1376 if (Convert.ImplicitReferenceConversionExists (expr, t) ||
1377 Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (d, t)) {
1383 return CreateConstantResult (ec, false);
1386 Expression ResolveGenericParameter (ResolveContext ec, Type d, Type t)
1388 GenericConstraints constraints = TypeManager.GetTypeParameterConstraints (t);
1389 if (constraints != null) {
1390 if (constraints.IsReferenceType && TypeManager.IsStruct (d))
1391 return CreateConstantResult (ec, false);
1394 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (expr.Type)) {
1395 if (constraints != null && constraints.IsValueType && expr.Type == t)
1396 return CreateConstantResult (ec, true);
1398 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, d);
1404 protected override string OperatorName {
1405 get { return "is"; }
1410 /// Implementation of the `as' operator.
1412 public class As : Probe {
1414 Expression resolved_type;
1416 public As (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1417 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1421 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1423 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, null,
1424 expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec),
1425 new TypeOf (probe_type_expr, loc));
1427 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "TypeAs", args);
1430 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1432 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
1437 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, type);
1439 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (type) || TypeManager.IsNullableType (type))
1440 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Unbox_Any, type);
1443 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1445 if (resolved_type == null) {
1446 resolved_type = base.DoResolve (ec);
1448 if (resolved_type == null)
1452 type = probe_type_expr.Type;
1453 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1454 Type etype = expr.Type;
1456 if (!TypeManager.IsReferenceType (type) && !TypeManager.IsNullableType (type)) {
1457 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (type)) {
1458 ec.Report.Error (413, loc,
1459 "The `as' operator cannot be used with a non-reference type parameter `{0}'. Consider adding `class' or a reference type constraint",
1460 probe_type_expr.GetSignatureForError ());
1462 ec.Report.Error (77, loc,
1463 "The `as' operator cannot be used with a non-nullable value type `{0}'",
1464 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1469 if (expr.IsNull && TypeManager.IsNullableType (type)) {
1470 return Nullable.LiftedNull.CreateFromExpression (ec, this);
1473 Expression e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, expr, type, loc);
1480 if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (etype, type)){
1481 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (etype))
1482 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, etype);
1488 if (TypeManager.ContainsGenericParameters (etype) ||
1489 TypeManager.ContainsGenericParameters (type)) {
1490 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, etype);
1495 ec.Report.Error (39, loc, "Cannot convert type `{0}' to `{1}' via a built-in conversion",
1496 TypeManager.CSharpName (etype), TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1501 protected override string OperatorName {
1502 get { return "as"; }
1505 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
1507 type = storey.MutateType (type);
1508 base.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
1511 public override bool GetAttributableValue (ResolveContext ec, Type value_type, out object value)
1513 return expr.GetAttributableValue (ec, value_type, out value);
1518 /// This represents a typecast in the source language.
1520 /// FIXME: Cast expressions have an unusual set of parsing
1521 /// rules, we need to figure those out.
1523 public class Cast : ShimExpression {
1524 Expression target_type;
1526 public Cast (Expression cast_type, Expression expr)
1527 : this (cast_type, expr, cast_type.Location)
1531 public Cast (Expression cast_type, Expression expr, Location loc)
1534 this.target_type = cast_type;
1538 public Expression TargetType {
1539 get { return target_type; }
1542 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1544 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1548 TypeExpr target = target_type.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
1554 if (type.IsAbstract && type.IsSealed) {
1555 ec.Report.Error (716, loc, "Cannot convert to static type `{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1559 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1561 Constant c = expr as Constant;
1563 c = c.TryReduce (ec, type, loc);
1568 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.IsUnsafe) {
1569 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
1570 } else if (TypeManager.IsDynamicType (expr.Type)) {
1571 Arguments arg = new Arguments (1);
1572 arg.Add (new Argument (expr));
1573 return new DynamicConversion (type, CSharpBinderFlags.ConvertExplicit, arg, loc).Resolve (ec);
1576 expr = Convert.ExplicitConversion (ec, expr, type, loc);
1580 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1582 Cast target = (Cast) t;
1584 target.target_type = target_type.Clone (clonectx);
1585 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1589 public class ImplicitCast : ShimExpression
1593 public ImplicitCast (Expression expr, Type target, bool arrayAccess)
1596 this.loc = expr.Location;
1598 this.arrayAccess = arrayAccess;
1601 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1603 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1608 expr = ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex (ec, expr);
1610 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, expr, type, loc);
1617 // C# 2.0 Default value expression
1619 public class DefaultValueExpression : Expression
1623 public DefaultValueExpression (Expression expr, Location loc)
1629 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1631 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
1632 args.Add (new Argument (this));
1633 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (type, loc), loc)));
1634 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
1637 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1639 TypeExpr texpr = expr.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
1645 if ((type.Attributes & Class.StaticClassAttribute) == Class.StaticClassAttribute) {
1646 ec.Report.Error (-244, loc, "The `default value' operator cannot be applied to an operand of a static type");
1650 return new NullLiteral (Location).ConvertImplicitly (ec, type);
1652 if (TypeManager.IsReferenceType (type))
1653 return new NullConstant (type, loc);
1655 Constant c = New.Constantify (type);
1657 return c.Resolve (ec);
1659 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
1663 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1665 LocalTemporary temp_storage = new LocalTemporary(type);
1667 temp_storage.AddressOf(ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
1668 ec.ig.Emit(OpCodes.Initobj, type);
1669 temp_storage.Emit(ec);
1672 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
1674 type = storey.MutateType (type);
1677 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1679 DefaultValueExpression target = (DefaultValueExpression) t;
1681 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1686 /// Binary operators
1688 public class Binary : Expression, IDynamicBinder
1691 protected class PredefinedOperator {
1692 protected readonly Type left;
1693 protected readonly Type right;
1694 public readonly Operator OperatorsMask;
1695 public Type ReturnType;
1697 public PredefinedOperator (Type ltype, Type rtype, Operator op_mask)
1698 : this (ltype, rtype, op_mask, ltype)
1702 public PredefinedOperator (Type type, Operator op_mask, Type return_type)
1703 : this (type, type, op_mask, return_type)
1707 public PredefinedOperator (Type type, Operator op_mask)
1708 : this (type, type, op_mask, type)
1712 public PredefinedOperator (Type ltype, Type rtype, Operator op_mask, Type return_type)
1714 if ((op_mask & Operator.ValuesOnlyMask) != 0)
1715 throw new InternalErrorException ("Only masked values can be used");
1719 this.OperatorsMask = op_mask;
1720 this.ReturnType = return_type;
1723 public virtual Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
1725 b.type = ReturnType;
1727 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
1728 b.right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, right, b.right.Location);
1731 // A user operators does not support multiple user conversions, but decimal type
1732 // is considered to be predefined type therefore we apply predefined operators rules
1733 // and then look for decimal user-operator implementation
1735 if (left == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1736 return b.ResolveUserOperator (ec, b.left.Type, b.right.Type);
1738 var c = b.right as IntegralConstant;
1740 if (c.IsDefaultValue && (b.oper == Operator.Addition || b.oper == Operator.BitwiseOr || b.oper == Operator.Subtraction))
1741 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.left, b);
1745 c = b.left as IntegralConstant;
1747 if (c.IsDefaultValue && (b.oper == Operator.Addition || b.oper == Operator.BitwiseOr))
1748 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.right, b);
1755 public bool IsPrimitiveApplicable (Type ltype, Type rtype)
1758 // We are dealing with primitive types only
1760 return left == ltype && ltype == rtype;
1763 public virtual bool IsApplicable (ResolveContext ec, Expression lexpr, Expression rexpr)
1765 if (TypeManager.IsEqual (left, lexpr.Type) &&
1766 TypeManager.IsEqual (right, rexpr.Type))
1769 return Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, lexpr, left) &&
1770 Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, rexpr, right);
1773 public PredefinedOperator ResolveBetterOperator (ResolveContext ec, PredefinedOperator best_operator)
1776 if (left != null && best_operator.left != null) {
1777 result = MethodGroupExpr.BetterTypeConversion (ec, best_operator.left, left);
1781 // When second arguments are same as the first one, the result is same
1783 if (right != null && (left != right || best_operator.left != best_operator.right)) {
1784 result |= MethodGroupExpr.BetterTypeConversion (ec, best_operator.right, right);
1787 if (result == 0 || result > 2)
1790 return result == 1 ? best_operator : this;
1794 class PredefinedStringOperator : PredefinedOperator {
1795 public PredefinedStringOperator (Type type, Operator op_mask)
1796 : base (type, op_mask, type)
1798 ReturnType = TypeManager.string_type;
1801 public PredefinedStringOperator (Type ltype, Type rtype, Operator op_mask)
1802 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask)
1804 ReturnType = TypeManager.string_type;
1807 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
1810 // Use original expression for nullable arguments
1812 Nullable.Unwrap unwrap = b.left as Nullable.Unwrap;
1814 b.left = unwrap.Original;
1816 unwrap = b.right as Nullable.Unwrap;
1818 b.right = unwrap.Original;
1820 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
1821 b.right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, right, b.right.Location);
1824 // Start a new concat expression using converted expression
1826 return StringConcat.Create (ec, b.left, b.right, b.loc);
1830 class PredefinedShiftOperator : PredefinedOperator {
1831 public PredefinedShiftOperator (Type ltype, Operator op_mask) :
1832 base (ltype, TypeManager.int32_type, op_mask)
1836 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
1838 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
1840 Expression expr_tree_expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, TypeManager.int32_type, b.right.Location);
1842 int right_mask = left == TypeManager.int32_type || left == TypeManager.uint32_type ? 0x1f : 0x3f;
1845 // b = b.left >> b.right & (0x1f|0x3f)
1847 b.right = new Binary (Operator.BitwiseAnd,
1848 b.right, new IntConstant (right_mask, b.right.Location)).Resolve (ec);
1851 // Expression tree representation does not use & mask
1853 b.right = ReducedExpression.Create (b.right, expr_tree_expr).Resolve (ec);
1854 b.type = ReturnType;
1857 // Optimize shift by 0
1859 var c = b.right as Constant;
1860 if (c != null && c.IsDefaultValue)
1861 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.left, b).Resolve (ec);
1867 class PredefinedPointerOperator : PredefinedOperator {
1868 public PredefinedPointerOperator (Type ltype, Type rtype, Operator op_mask)
1869 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask)
1873 public PredefinedPointerOperator (Type ltype, Type rtype, Operator op_mask, Type retType)
1874 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask, retType)
1878 public PredefinedPointerOperator (Type type, Operator op_mask, Type return_type)
1879 : base (type, op_mask, return_type)
1883 public override bool IsApplicable (ResolveContext ec, Expression lexpr, Expression rexpr)
1886 if (!lexpr.Type.IsPointer)
1889 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, lexpr, left))
1893 if (right == null) {
1894 if (!rexpr.Type.IsPointer)
1897 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, rexpr, right))
1904 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
1907 b.left = EmptyCast.Create (b.left, left);
1908 } else if (right != null) {
1909 b.right = EmptyCast.Create (b.right, right);
1912 Type r_type = ReturnType;
1913 Expression left_arg, right_arg;
1914 if (r_type == null) {
1917 right_arg = b.right;
1918 r_type = b.left.Type;
1922 r_type = b.right.Type;
1926 right_arg = b.right;
1929 return new PointerArithmetic (b.oper, left_arg, right_arg, r_type, b.loc).Resolve (ec);
1934 public enum Operator {
1935 Multiply = 0 | ArithmeticMask,
1936 Division = 1 | ArithmeticMask,
1937 Modulus = 2 | ArithmeticMask,
1938 Addition = 3 | ArithmeticMask | AdditionMask,
1939 Subtraction = 4 | ArithmeticMask | SubtractionMask,
1941 LeftShift = 5 | ShiftMask,
1942 RightShift = 6 | ShiftMask,
1944 LessThan = 7 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
1945 GreaterThan = 8 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
1946 LessThanOrEqual = 9 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
1947 GreaterThanOrEqual = 10 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
1948 Equality = 11 | ComparisonMask | EqualityMask,
1949 Inequality = 12 | ComparisonMask | EqualityMask,
1951 BitwiseAnd = 13 | BitwiseMask,
1952 ExclusiveOr = 14 | BitwiseMask,
1953 BitwiseOr = 15 | BitwiseMask,
1955 LogicalAnd = 16 | LogicalMask,
1956 LogicalOr = 17 | LogicalMask,
1961 ValuesOnlyMask = ArithmeticMask - 1,
1962 ArithmeticMask = 1 << 5,
1964 ComparisonMask = 1 << 7,
1965 EqualityMask = 1 << 8,
1966 BitwiseMask = 1 << 9,
1967 LogicalMask = 1 << 10,
1968 AdditionMask = 1 << 11,
1969 SubtractionMask = 1 << 12,
1970 RelationalMask = 1 << 13
1973 readonly Operator oper;
1974 protected Expression left, right;
1975 readonly bool is_compound;
1976 Expression enum_conversion;
1978 static PredefinedOperator [] standard_operators;
1979 static PredefinedOperator [] pointer_operators;
1981 public Binary (Operator oper, Expression left, Expression right, bool isCompound)
1982 : this (oper, left, right)
1984 this.is_compound = isCompound;
1987 public Binary (Operator oper, Expression left, Expression right)
1992 this.loc = left.Location;
1995 public Operator Oper {
2002 /// Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
2004 string OperName (Operator oper)
2008 case Operator.Multiply:
2011 case Operator.Division:
2014 case Operator.Modulus:
2017 case Operator.Addition:
2020 case Operator.Subtraction:
2023 case Operator.LeftShift:
2026 case Operator.RightShift:
2029 case Operator.LessThan:
2032 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2035 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2038 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2041 case Operator.Equality:
2044 case Operator.Inequality:
2047 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2050 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2053 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2056 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2059 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2063 s = oper.ToString ();
2073 public static void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right, Operator oper, Location loc)
2075 new Binary (oper, left, right).Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left, right);
2078 public static void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right, string oper, Location loc)
2081 l = TypeManager.CSharpName (left.Type);
2082 r = TypeManager.CSharpName (right.Type);
2084 ec.Report.Error (19, loc, "Operator `{0}' cannot be applied to operands of type `{1}' and `{2}'",
2088 protected void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right)
2090 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left, right, OperName (oper), loc);
2094 // Converts operator to System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionType enum name
2096 string GetOperatorExpressionTypeName ()
2099 case Operator.Addition:
2100 return is_compound ? "AddAssign" : "Add";
2101 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2102 return is_compound ? "AndAssign" : "And";
2103 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2104 return is_compound ? "OrAssign" : "Or";
2105 case Operator.Division:
2106 return is_compound ? "DivideAssign" : "Divide";
2107 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2108 return is_compound ? "ExclusiveOrAssign" : "ExclusiveOr";
2109 case Operator.Equality:
2111 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2112 return "GreaterThan";
2113 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2114 return "GreaterThanOrEqual";
2115 case Operator.Inequality:
2117 case Operator.LeftShift:
2118 return is_compound ? "LeftShiftAssign" : "LeftShift";
2119 case Operator.LessThan:
2121 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2122 return "LessThanOrEqual";
2123 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2125 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2127 case Operator.Modulus:
2128 return is_compound ? "ModuloAssign" : "Modulo";
2129 case Operator.Multiply:
2130 return is_compound ? "MultiplyAssign" : "Multiply";
2131 case Operator.RightShift:
2132 return is_compound ? "RightShiftAssign" : "RightShift";
2133 case Operator.Subtraction:
2134 return is_compound ? "SubtractAssign" : "Subtract";
2136 throw new NotImplementedException ("Unknown expression type operator " + oper.ToString ());
2140 static string GetOperatorMetadataName (Operator op)
2142 CSharp.Operator.OpType op_type;
2144 case Operator.Addition:
2145 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Addition; break;
2146 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2147 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.BitwiseAnd; break;
2148 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2149 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.BitwiseOr; break;
2150 case Operator.Division:
2151 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Division; break;
2152 case Operator.Equality:
2153 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Equality; break;
2154 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2155 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.ExclusiveOr; break;
2156 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2157 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.GreaterThan; break;
2158 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2159 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.GreaterThanOrEqual; break;
2160 case Operator.Inequality:
2161 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Inequality; break;
2162 case Operator.LeftShift:
2163 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.LeftShift; break;
2164 case Operator.LessThan:
2165 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.LessThan; break;
2166 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2167 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.LessThanOrEqual; break;
2168 case Operator.Modulus:
2169 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Modulus; break;
2170 case Operator.Multiply:
2171 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Multiply; break;
2172 case Operator.RightShift:
2173 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.RightShift; break;
2174 case Operator.Subtraction:
2175 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Subtraction; break;
2177 throw new InternalErrorException (op.ToString ());
2180 return CSharp.Operator.GetMetadataName (op_type);
2183 public static void EmitOperatorOpcode (EmitContext ec, Operator oper, Type l)
2186 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
2189 case Operator.Multiply:
2190 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
2191 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2192 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf;
2193 else if (!IsFloat (l))
2194 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un;
2196 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2198 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2202 case Operator.Division:
2204 opcode = OpCodes.Div_Un;
2206 opcode = OpCodes.Div;
2209 case Operator.Modulus:
2211 opcode = OpCodes.Rem_Un;
2213 opcode = OpCodes.Rem;
2216 case Operator.Addition:
2217 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
2218 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2219 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf;
2220 else if (!IsFloat (l))
2221 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf_Un;
2223 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
2225 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
2228 case Operator.Subtraction:
2229 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
2230 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2231 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf;
2232 else if (!IsFloat (l))
2233 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf_Un;
2235 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2237 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2240 case Operator.RightShift:
2242 opcode = OpCodes.Shr_Un;
2244 opcode = OpCodes.Shr;
2247 case Operator.LeftShift:
2248 opcode = OpCodes.Shl;
2251 case Operator.Equality:
2252 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2255 case Operator.Inequality:
2256 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
2257 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2259 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2262 case Operator.LessThan:
2264 opcode = OpCodes.Clt_Un;
2266 opcode = OpCodes.Clt;
2269 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2271 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt_Un;
2273 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt;
2276 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2277 if (IsUnsigned (l) || IsFloat (l))
2278 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
2280 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt);
2281 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2283 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2286 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2287 if (IsUnsigned (l) || IsFloat (l))
2288 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Clt_Un);
2290 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Clt);
2292 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2294 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2297 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2298 opcode = OpCodes.Or;
2301 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2302 opcode = OpCodes.And;
2305 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2306 opcode = OpCodes.Xor;
2310 throw new InternalErrorException (oper.ToString ());
2316 static bool IsUnsigned (Type t)
2321 return (t == TypeManager.uint32_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
2322 t == TypeManager.ushort_type || t == TypeManager.byte_type);
2325 static bool IsFloat (Type t)
2327 return t == TypeManager.float_type || t == TypeManager.double_type;
2330 Expression ResolveOperator (ResolveContext ec)
2333 Type r = right.Type;
2335 bool primitives_only = false;
2337 if (standard_operators == null)
2338 CreateStandardOperatorsTable ();
2341 // Handles predefined primitive types
2343 if (TypeManager.IsPrimitiveType (l) && TypeManager.IsPrimitiveType (r)) {
2344 if ((oper & Operator.ShiftMask) == 0) {
2345 if (l != TypeManager.bool_type && !DoBinaryOperatorPromotion (ec))
2348 primitives_only = true;
2352 if (l.IsPointer || r.IsPointer)
2353 return ResolveOperatorPointer (ec, l, r);
2356 bool lenum = TypeManager.IsEnumType (l);
2357 bool renum = TypeManager.IsEnumType (r);
2358 if (lenum || renum) {
2359 expr = ResolveOperatorEnum (ec, lenum, renum, l, r);
2361 // TODO: Can this be ambiguous
2367 if ((oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction || (oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0) &&
2368 (TypeManager.IsDelegateType (l) || TypeManager.IsDelegateType (r))) {
2370 expr = ResolveOperatorDelegate (ec, l, r);
2372 // TODO: Can this be ambiguous
2378 expr = ResolveUserOperator (ec, l, r);
2382 // Predefined reference types equality
2383 if ((oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0) {
2384 expr = ResolveOperatorEqualityRerefence (ec, l, r);
2390 return ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, standard_operators, primitives_only, null);
2393 // at least one of 'left' or 'right' is an enumeration constant (EnumConstant or SideEffectConstant or ...)
2394 // if 'left' is not an enumeration constant, create one from the type of 'right'
2395 Constant EnumLiftUp (ResolveContext ec, Constant left, Constant right, Location loc)
2398 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2399 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2400 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2401 case Operator.Equality:
2402 case Operator.Inequality:
2403 case Operator.LessThan:
2404 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2405 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2406 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2407 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (left.Type))
2410 if (left.IsZeroInteger)
2411 return left.TryReduce (ec, right.Type, loc);
2415 case Operator.Addition:
2416 case Operator.Subtraction:
2419 case Operator.Multiply:
2420 case Operator.Division:
2421 case Operator.Modulus:
2422 case Operator.LeftShift:
2423 case Operator.RightShift:
2424 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (right.Type) || TypeManager.IsEnumType (left.Type))
2428 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, this.left, this.right);
2433 // The `|' operator used on types which were extended is dangerous
2435 void CheckBitwiseOrOnSignExtended (ResolveContext ec)
2437 OpcodeCast lcast = left as OpcodeCast;
2438 if (lcast != null) {
2439 if (IsUnsigned (lcast.UnderlyingType))
2443 OpcodeCast rcast = right as OpcodeCast;
2444 if (rcast != null) {
2445 if (IsUnsigned (rcast.UnderlyingType))
2449 if (lcast == null && rcast == null)
2452 // FIXME: consider constants
2454 ec.Report.Warning (675, 3, loc,
2455 "The operator `|' used on the sign-extended type `{0}'. Consider casting to a smaller unsigned type first",
2456 TypeManager.CSharpName (lcast != null ? lcast.UnderlyingType : rcast.UnderlyingType));
2459 static void CreatePointerOperatorsTable ()
2461 var temp = new List<PredefinedPointerOperator> ();
2464 // Pointer arithmetic:
2466 // T* operator + (T* x, int y); T* operator - (T* x, int y);
2467 // T* operator + (T* x, uint y); T* operator - (T* x, uint y);
2468 // T* operator + (T* x, long y); T* operator - (T* x, long y);
2469 // T* operator + (T* x, ulong y); T* operator - (T* x, ulong y);
2471 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, TypeManager.int32_type, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask));
2472 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, TypeManager.uint32_type, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask));
2473 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, TypeManager.int64_type, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask));
2474 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, TypeManager.uint64_type, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask));
2477 // T* operator + (int y, T* x);
2478 // T* operator + (uint y, T *x);
2479 // T* operator + (long y, T *x);
2480 // T* operator + (ulong y, T *x);
2482 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeManager.int32_type, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null));
2483 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeManager.uint32_type, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null));
2484 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeManager.int64_type, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null));
2485 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeManager.uint64_type, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null));
2488 // long operator - (T* x, T *y)
2490 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, Operator.SubtractionMask, TypeManager.int64_type));
2492 pointer_operators = temp.ToArray ();
2495 static void CreateStandardOperatorsTable ()
2497 var temp = new List<PredefinedOperator> ();
2498 Type bool_type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2500 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.int32_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask));
2501 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.uint32_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask));
2502 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.int64_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask));
2503 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.uint64_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask));
2504 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.float_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask));
2505 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.double_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask));
2506 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.decimal_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask));
2508 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.int32_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2509 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.uint32_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2510 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.int64_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2511 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.uint64_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2512 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.float_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2513 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.double_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2514 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.decimal_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2516 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.string_type, Operator.EqualityMask, bool_type));
2518 temp.Add (new PredefinedStringOperator (TypeManager.string_type, Operator.AdditionMask));
2519 temp.Add (new PredefinedStringOperator (TypeManager.string_type, TypeManager.object_type, Operator.AdditionMask));
2520 temp.Add (new PredefinedStringOperator (TypeManager.object_type, TypeManager.string_type, Operator.AdditionMask));
2522 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (bool_type,
2523 Operator.BitwiseMask | Operator.LogicalMask | Operator.EqualityMask, bool_type));
2525 temp.Add (new PredefinedShiftOperator (TypeManager.int32_type, Operator.ShiftMask));
2526 temp.Add (new PredefinedShiftOperator (TypeManager.uint32_type, Operator.ShiftMask));
2527 temp.Add (new PredefinedShiftOperator (TypeManager.int64_type, Operator.ShiftMask));
2528 temp.Add (new PredefinedShiftOperator (TypeManager.uint64_type, Operator.ShiftMask));
2530 standard_operators = temp.ToArray ();
2534 // Rules used during binary numeric promotion
2536 static bool DoNumericPromotion (ResolveContext rc, ref Expression prim_expr, ref Expression second_expr, Type type)
2541 Constant c = prim_expr as Constant;
2543 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (rc, type);
2550 if (type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
2551 etype = prim_expr.Type;
2552 if (etype == TypeManager.int32_type || etype == TypeManager.short_type || etype == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
2553 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
2555 if (type != second_expr.Type) {
2556 c = second_expr as Constant;
2558 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (rc, type);
2560 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (second_expr, type);
2566 } else if (type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
2568 // A compile-time error occurs if the other operand is of type sbyte, short, int, or long
2570 if (type == TypeManager.int32_type || type == TypeManager.int64_type ||
2571 type == TypeManager.short_type || type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
2575 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (prim_expr, type);
2584 // 7.2.6.2 Binary numeric promotions
2586 public bool DoBinaryOperatorPromotion (ResolveContext ec)
2588 Type ltype = left.Type;
2589 Type rtype = right.Type;
2592 foreach (Type t in ConstantFold.binary_promotions) {
2594 return t == rtype || DoNumericPromotion (ec, ref right, ref left, t);
2597 return t == ltype || DoNumericPromotion (ec, ref left, ref right, t);
2600 Type int32 = TypeManager.int32_type;
2601 if (ltype != int32) {
2602 Constant c = left as Constant;
2604 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (ec, int32);
2606 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (left, int32);
2613 if (rtype != int32) {
2614 Constant c = right as Constant;
2616 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (ec, int32);
2618 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (right, int32);
2628 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
2633 if ((oper == Operator.Subtraction) && (left is ParenthesizedExpression)) {
2634 left = ((ParenthesizedExpression) left).Expr;
2635 left = left.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type);
2639 if (left.eclass == ExprClass.Type) {
2640 ec.Report.Error (75, loc, "To cast a negative value, you must enclose the value in parentheses");
2644 left = left.Resolve (ec);
2649 Constant lc = left as Constant;
2651 if (lc != null && lc.Type == TypeManager.bool_type &&
2652 ((oper == Operator.LogicalAnd && lc.IsDefaultValue) ||
2653 (oper == Operator.LogicalOr && !lc.IsDefaultValue))) {
2655 // FIXME: resolve right expression as unreachable
2656 // right.Resolve (ec);
2658 ec.Report.Warning (429, 4, loc, "Unreachable expression code detected");
2662 right = right.Resolve (ec);
2666 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
2667 Constant rc = right as Constant;
2669 // The conversion rules are ignored in enum context but why
2670 if (!ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.EnumScope) && lc != null && rc != null && (TypeManager.IsEnumType (left.Type) || TypeManager.IsEnumType (right.Type))) {
2671 lc = EnumLiftUp (ec, lc, rc, loc);
2673 rc = EnumLiftUp (ec, rc, lc, loc);
2676 if (rc != null && lc != null) {
2677 int prev_e = ec.Report.Errors;
2678 Expression e = ConstantFold.BinaryFold (ec, oper, lc, rc, loc);
2682 if (e != null || ec.Report.Errors != prev_e)
2686 // Comparison warnings
2687 if ((oper & Operator.ComparisonMask) != 0) {
2688 if (left.Equals (right)) {
2689 ec.Report.Warning (1718, 3, loc, "A comparison made to same variable. Did you mean to compare something else?");
2691 CheckUselessComparison (ec, lc, right.Type);
2692 CheckUselessComparison (ec, rc, left.Type);
2695 if (TypeManager.IsDynamicType (left.Type) || TypeManager.IsDynamicType (right.Type)) {
2696 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
2697 args.Add (new Argument (left));
2698 args.Add (new Argument (right));
2699 return new DynamicExpressionStatement (this, args, loc).Resolve (ec);
2702 if (RootContext.Version >= LanguageVersion.ISO_2 &&
2703 ((TypeManager.IsNullableType (left.Type) && (right is NullLiteral || TypeManager.IsNullableType (right.Type) || TypeManager.IsValueType (right.Type))) ||
2704 (TypeManager.IsValueType (left.Type) && right is NullLiteral) ||
2705 (TypeManager.IsNullableType (right.Type) && (left is NullLiteral || TypeManager.IsNullableType (left.Type) || TypeManager.IsValueType (left.Type))) ||
2706 (TypeManager.IsValueType (right.Type) && left is NullLiteral)))
2707 return new Nullable.LiftedBinaryOperator (oper, left, right, loc).Resolve (ec);
2709 return DoResolveCore (ec, left, right);
2712 protected Expression DoResolveCore (ResolveContext ec, Expression left_orig, Expression right_orig)
2714 Expression expr = ResolveOperator (ec);
2716 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left_orig, right_orig);
2718 if (left == null || right == null)
2719 throw new InternalErrorException ("Invalid conversion");
2721 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseOr)
2722 CheckBitwiseOrOnSignExtended (ec);
2727 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
2729 var le = left.MakeExpression (ctx);
2730 var re = right.MakeExpression (ctx);
2731 bool is_checked = ctx.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.CheckedScope);
2734 case Operator.Addition:
2735 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.AddChecked (le, re) : SLE.Expression.Add (le, re);
2736 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2737 return SLE.Expression.And (le, re);
2738 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2739 return SLE.Expression.Or (le, re);
2740 case Operator.Division:
2741 return SLE.Expression.Divide (le, re);
2742 case Operator.Equality:
2743 return SLE.Expression.Equal (le, re);
2744 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2745 return SLE.Expression.ExclusiveOr (le, re);
2746 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2747 return SLE.Expression.GreaterThan (le, re);
2748 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2749 return SLE.Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual (le, re);
2750 case Operator.Inequality:
2751 return SLE.Expression.NotEqual (le, re);
2752 case Operator.LeftShift:
2753 return SLE.Expression.LeftShift (le, re);
2754 case Operator.LessThan:
2755 return SLE.Expression.LessThan (le, re);
2756 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2757 return SLE.Expression.LessThanOrEqual (le, re);
2758 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2759 return SLE.Expression.AndAlso (le, re);
2760 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2761 return SLE.Expression.OrElse (le, re);
2762 case Operator.Modulus:
2763 return SLE.Expression.Modulo (le, re);
2764 case Operator.Multiply:
2765 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.MultiplyChecked (le, re) : SLE.Expression.Multiply (le, re);
2766 case Operator.RightShift:
2767 return SLE.Expression.RightShift (le, re);
2768 case Operator.Subtraction:
2769 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.SubtractChecked (le, re) : SLE.Expression.Subtract (le, re);
2771 throw new NotImplementedException (oper.ToString ());
2775 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
2777 left.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
2778 right.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
2782 // D operator + (D x, D y)
2783 // D operator - (D x, D y)
2784 // bool operator == (D x, D y)
2785 // bool operator != (D x, D y)
2787 Expression ResolveOperatorDelegate (ResolveContext ec, Type l, Type r)
2789 bool is_equality = (oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0;
2790 if (!TypeManager.IsEqual (l, r) && !TypeManager.IsVariantOf (r, l)) {
2792 if (right.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup || (r == InternalType.AnonymousMethod && !is_equality)) {
2793 tmp = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, right, l, loc);
2798 } else if (left.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup || (l == InternalType.AnonymousMethod && !is_equality)) {
2799 tmp = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, left, r, loc);
2810 // Resolve delegate equality as a user operator
2813 return ResolveUserOperator (ec, l, r);
2816 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
2817 args.Add (new Argument (left));
2818 args.Add (new Argument (right));
2820 if (oper == Operator.Addition) {
2821 if (TypeManager.delegate_combine_delegate_delegate == null) {
2822 TypeManager.delegate_combine_delegate_delegate = TypeManager.GetPredefinedMethod (
2823 TypeManager.delegate_type, "Combine", loc, TypeManager.delegate_type, TypeManager.delegate_type);
2826 method = TypeManager.delegate_combine_delegate_delegate;
2828 if (TypeManager.delegate_remove_delegate_delegate == null) {
2829 TypeManager.delegate_remove_delegate_delegate = TypeManager.GetPredefinedMethod (
2830 TypeManager.delegate_type, "Remove", loc, TypeManager.delegate_type, TypeManager.delegate_type);
2833 method = TypeManager.delegate_remove_delegate_delegate;
2836 MethodGroupExpr mg = new MethodGroupExpr (new [] { method }, TypeManager.delegate_type, loc);
2837 mg = mg.OverloadResolve (ec, ref args, false, loc);
2839 return new ClassCast (new UserOperatorCall (mg, args, CreateExpressionTree, loc), l);
2843 // Enumeration operators
2845 Expression ResolveOperatorEnum (ResolveContext ec, bool lenum, bool renum, Type ltype, Type rtype)
2848 // bool operator == (E x, E y);
2849 // bool operator != (E x, E y);
2850 // bool operator < (E x, E y);
2851 // bool operator > (E x, E y);
2852 // bool operator <= (E x, E y);
2853 // bool operator >= (E x, E y);
2855 // E operator & (E x, E y);
2856 // E operator | (E x, E y);
2857 // E operator ^ (E x, E y);
2859 // U operator - (E e, E f)
2860 // E operator - (E e, U x)
2862 // E operator + (U x, E e)
2863 // E operator + (E e, U x)
2865 if (!((oper & (Operator.ComparisonMask | Operator.BitwiseMask)) != 0 ||
2866 (oper == Operator.Subtraction && lenum) ||
2867 (oper == Operator.Addition && (lenum != renum || type != null)))) // type != null for lifted null
2870 Expression ltemp = left;
2871 Expression rtemp = right;
2872 Type underlying_type;
2875 if ((oper & (Operator.ComparisonMask | Operator.BitwiseMask)) != 0) {
2877 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, rtype, loc);
2883 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, ltype, loc);
2891 if (TypeManager.IsEqual (ltype, rtype)) {
2892 underlying_type = TypeManager.GetEnumUnderlyingType (ltype);
2894 if (left is Constant)
2895 left = ((Constant) left).ConvertExplicitly (false, underlying_type).Resolve (ec);
2897 left = EmptyCast.Create (left, underlying_type);
2899 if (right is Constant)
2900 right = ((Constant) right).ConvertExplicitly (false, underlying_type).Resolve (ec);
2902 right = EmptyCast.Create (right, underlying_type);
2904 underlying_type = TypeManager.GetEnumUnderlyingType (ltype);
2906 if (oper != Operator.Subtraction && oper != Operator.Addition) {
2907 Constant c = right as Constant;
2908 if (c == null || !c.IsDefaultValue)
2911 if (!Convert.ImplicitStandardConversionExists (right, underlying_type))
2914 right = Convert.ImplicitConversionStandard (ec, right, underlying_type, right.Location);
2917 if (left is Constant)
2918 left = ((Constant) left).ConvertExplicitly (false, underlying_type).Resolve (ec);
2920 left = EmptyCast.Create (left, underlying_type);
2923 underlying_type = TypeManager.GetEnumUnderlyingType (rtype);
2925 if (oper != Operator.Addition) {
2926 Constant c = left as Constant;
2927 if (c == null || !c.IsDefaultValue)
2930 if (!Convert.ImplicitStandardConversionExists (left, underlying_type))
2933 left = Convert.ImplicitConversionStandard (ec, left, underlying_type, left.Location);
2936 if (right is Constant)
2937 right = ((Constant) right).ConvertExplicitly (false, underlying_type).Resolve (ec);
2939 right = EmptyCast.Create (right, underlying_type);
2946 // C# specification uses explicit cast syntax which means binary promotion
2947 // should happen, however it seems that csc does not do that
2949 if (!DoBinaryOperatorPromotion (ec)) {
2955 Type res_type = null;
2956 if ((oper & Operator.BitwiseMask) != 0 || oper == Operator.Subtraction || oper == Operator.Addition) {
2957 Type promoted_type = lenum ? left.Type : right.Type;
2958 enum_conversion = Convert.ExplicitNumericConversion (
2959 new EmptyExpression (promoted_type), underlying_type);
2961 if (oper == Operator.Subtraction && renum && lenum)
2962 res_type = underlying_type;
2963 else if (oper == Operator.Addition && renum)
2969 expr = ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, standard_operators, true, res_type);
2970 if (!is_compound || expr == null)
2978 // If the return type of the selected operator is implicitly convertible to the type of x
2980 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, expr, ltype))
2984 // Otherwise, if the selected operator is a predefined operator, if the return type of the
2985 // selected operator is explicitly convertible to the type of x, and if y is implicitly
2986 // convertible to the type of x or the operator is a shift operator, then the operation
2987 // is evaluated as x = (T)(x op y), where T is the type of x
2989 expr = Convert.ExplicitConversion (ec, expr, ltype, loc);
2993 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, ltemp, ltype))
3000 // 7.9.6 Reference type equality operators
3002 Binary ResolveOperatorEqualityRerefence (ResolveContext ec, Type l, Type r)
3005 // operator != (object a, object b)
3006 // operator == (object a, object b)
3009 // TODO: this method is almost equivalent to Convert.ImplicitReferenceConversion
3011 if (left.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup || right.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup)
3014 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
3015 GenericConstraints constraints;
3017 bool lgen = TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (l);
3019 if (TypeManager.IsEqual (l, r)) {
3022 // Only allow to compare same reference type parameter
3024 if (TypeManager.IsReferenceType (l)) {
3025 left = new BoxedCast (left, TypeManager.object_type);
3026 right = new BoxedCast (right, TypeManager.object_type);
3033 if (l == InternalType.AnonymousMethod)
3036 if (TypeManager.IsValueType (l))
3042 bool rgen = TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (r);
3045 // a, Both operands are reference-type values or the value null
3046 // b, One operand is a value of type T where T is a type-parameter and
3047 // the other operand is the value null. Furthermore T does not have the
3048 // value type constrain
3050 if (left is NullLiteral || right is NullLiteral) {
3052 constraints = TypeManager.GetTypeParameterConstraints (l);
3053 if (constraints != null && constraints.HasValueTypeConstraint)
3056 left = new BoxedCast (left, TypeManager.object_type);
3061 constraints = TypeManager.GetTypeParameterConstraints (r);
3062 if (constraints != null && constraints.HasValueTypeConstraint)
3065 right = new BoxedCast (right, TypeManager.object_type);
3071 // An interface is converted to the object before the
3072 // standard conversion is applied. It's not clear from the
3073 // standard but it looks like it works like that.
3076 if (!TypeManager.IsReferenceType (l))
3079 l = TypeManager.object_type;
3080 left = new BoxedCast (left, l);
3081 } else if (l.IsInterface) {
3082 l = TypeManager.object_type;
3083 } else if (TypeManager.IsStruct (l)) {
3088 if (!TypeManager.IsReferenceType (r))
3091 r = TypeManager.object_type;
3092 right = new BoxedCast (right, r);
3093 } else if (r.IsInterface) {
3094 r = TypeManager.object_type;
3095 } else if (TypeManager.IsStruct (r)) {
3100 const string ref_comparison = "Possible unintended reference comparison. " +
3101 "Consider casting the {0} side of the expression to `string' to compare the values";
3104 // A standard implicit conversion exists from the type of either
3105 // operand to the type of the other operand
3107 if (Convert.ImplicitReferenceConversionExists (left, r)) {
3108 if (l == TypeManager.string_type)
3109 ec.Report.Warning (253, 2, loc, ref_comparison, "right");
3114 if (Convert.ImplicitReferenceConversionExists (right, l)) {
3115 if (r == TypeManager.string_type)
3116 ec.Report.Warning (252, 2, loc, ref_comparison, "left");
3125 Expression ResolveOperatorPointer (ResolveContext ec, Type l, Type r)
3128 // bool operator == (void* x, void* y);
3129 // bool operator != (void* x, void* y);
3130 // bool operator < (void* x, void* y);
3131 // bool operator > (void* x, void* y);
3132 // bool operator <= (void* x, void* y);
3133 // bool operator >= (void* x, void* y);
3135 if ((oper & Operator.ComparisonMask) != 0) {
3138 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, r, left.Location);
3145 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, l, right.Location);
3151 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
3155 if (pointer_operators == null)
3156 CreatePointerOperatorsTable ();
3158 return ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, pointer_operators, false, null);
3162 // Build-in operators method overloading
3164 protected virtual Expression ResolveOperatorPredefined (ResolveContext ec, PredefinedOperator [] operators, bool primitives_only, Type enum_type)
3166 PredefinedOperator best_operator = null;
3168 Type r = right.Type;
3169 Operator oper_mask = oper & ~Operator.ValuesOnlyMask;
3171 foreach (PredefinedOperator po in operators) {
3172 if ((po.OperatorsMask & oper_mask) == 0)
3175 if (primitives_only) {
3176 if (!po.IsPrimitiveApplicable (l, r))
3179 if (!po.IsApplicable (ec, left, right))
3183 if (best_operator == null) {
3185 if (primitives_only)
3191 best_operator = po.ResolveBetterOperator (ec, best_operator);
3193 if (best_operator == null) {
3194 ec.Report.Error (34, loc, "Operator `{0}' is ambiguous on operands of type `{1}' and `{2}'",
3195 OperName (oper), TypeManager.CSharpName (l), TypeManager.CSharpName (r));
3202 if (best_operator == null)
3205 Expression expr = best_operator.ConvertResult (ec, this);
3208 // Optimize &/&& constant expressions with 0 value
3210 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd || oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
3211 Constant rc = right as Constant;
3212 Constant lc = left as Constant;
3213 if ((lc != null && lc.IsDefaultValue) || (rc != null && rc.IsDefaultValue)) {
3215 // The result is a constant with side-effect
3217 Constant side_effect = rc == null ?
3218 new SideEffectConstant (lc, right, loc) :
3219 new SideEffectConstant (rc, left, loc);
3221 return ReducedExpression.Create (side_effect.Resolve (ec), expr);
3225 if (enum_type == null)
3229 // HACK: required by enum_conversion
3231 expr.Type = enum_type;
3232 return EmptyCast.Create (expr, enum_type);
3236 // Performs user-operator overloading
3238 protected virtual Expression ResolveUserOperator (ResolveContext ec, Type l, Type r)
3241 if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd)
3242 user_oper = Operator.BitwiseAnd;
3243 else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr)
3244 user_oper = Operator.BitwiseOr;
3248 string op = GetOperatorMetadataName (user_oper);
3250 MethodGroupExpr left_operators = MemberLookup (ec.Compiler, ec.CurrentType, l, op, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc) as MethodGroupExpr;
3251 MethodGroupExpr right_operators = null;
3253 if (!TypeManager.IsEqual (r, l)) {
3254 right_operators = MemberLookup (ec.Compiler, ec.CurrentType, r, op, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc) as MethodGroupExpr;
3255 if (right_operators == null && left_operators == null)
3257 } else if (left_operators == null) {
3261 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
3262 Argument larg = new Argument (left);
3264 Argument rarg = new Argument (right);
3267 MethodGroupExpr union;
3270 // User-defined operator implementations always take precedence
3271 // over predefined operator implementations
3273 if (left_operators != null && right_operators != null) {
3274 if (IsPredefinedUserOperator (l, user_oper)) {
3275 union = right_operators.OverloadResolve (ec, ref args, true, loc);
3277 union = left_operators;
3278 } else if (IsPredefinedUserOperator (r, user_oper)) {
3279 union = left_operators.OverloadResolve (ec, ref args, true, loc);
3281 union = right_operators;
3283 union = MethodGroupExpr.MakeUnionSet (left_operators, right_operators, loc);
3285 } else if (left_operators != null) {
3286 union = left_operators;
3288 union = right_operators;
3291 union = union.OverloadResolve (ec, ref args, true, loc);
3295 Expression oper_expr;
3297 // TODO: CreateExpressionTree is allocated every time
3298 if (user_oper != oper) {
3299 oper_expr = new ConditionalLogicalOperator (union, args, CreateExpressionTree,
3300 oper == Operator.LogicalAnd, loc).Resolve (ec);
3302 oper_expr = new UserOperatorCall (union, args, CreateExpressionTree, loc);
3305 // This is used to check if a test 'x == null' can be optimized to a reference equals,
3306 // and not invoke user operator
3308 if ((oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0) {
3309 if ((left is NullLiteral && IsBuildInEqualityOperator (r)) ||
3310 (right is NullLiteral && IsBuildInEqualityOperator (l))) {
3311 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
3312 if (left is NullLiteral || right is NullLiteral)
3313 oper_expr = ReducedExpression.Create (this, oper_expr);
3314 } else if (l != r) {
3315 var mi = union.BestCandidate;
3318 // Two System.Delegate(s) are never equal
3320 if (mi.DeclaringType == TypeManager.multicast_delegate_type)
3331 public override TypeExpr ResolveAsTypeTerminal (IMemberContext ec, bool silent)
3336 private void CheckUselessComparison (ResolveContext ec, Constant c, Type type)
3338 if (c == null || !IsTypeIntegral (type)
3339 || c is StringConstant
3340 || c is BoolConstant
3341 || c is FloatConstant
3342 || c is DoubleConstant
3343 || c is DecimalConstant
3349 if (c is ULongConstant) {
3350 ulong uvalue = ((ULongConstant) c).Value;
3351 if (uvalue > long.MaxValue) {
3352 if (type == TypeManager.byte_type ||
3353 type == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
3354 type == TypeManager.short_type ||
3355 type == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
3356 type == TypeManager.int32_type ||
3357 type == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
3358 type == TypeManager.int64_type ||
3359 type == TypeManager.char_type)
3360 WarnUselessComparison (ec, type);
3363 value = (long) uvalue;
3365 else if (c is ByteConstant)
3366 value = ((ByteConstant) c).Value;
3367 else if (c is SByteConstant)
3368 value = ((SByteConstant) c).Value;
3369 else if (c is ShortConstant)
3370 value = ((ShortConstant) c).Value;
3371 else if (c is UShortConstant)
3372 value = ((UShortConstant) c).Value;
3373 else if (c is IntConstant)
3374 value = ((IntConstant) c).Value;
3375 else if (c is UIntConstant)
3376 value = ((UIntConstant) c).Value;
3377 else if (c is LongConstant)
3378 value = ((LongConstant) c).Value;
3379 else if (c is CharConstant)
3380 value = ((CharConstant)c).Value;
3385 if (IsValueOutOfRange (value, type))
3386 WarnUselessComparison (ec, type);
3389 static bool IsValueOutOfRange (long value, Type type)
3391 if (IsTypeUnsigned (type) && value < 0)
3393 return type == TypeManager.sbyte_type && (value >= 0x80 || value < -0x80) ||
3394 type == TypeManager.byte_type && value >= 0x100 ||
3395 type == TypeManager.short_type && (value >= 0x8000 || value < -0x8000) ||
3396 type == TypeManager.ushort_type && value >= 0x10000 ||
3397 type == TypeManager.int32_type && (value >= 0x80000000 || value < -0x80000000) ||
3398 type == TypeManager.uint32_type && value >= 0x100000000;
3401 static bool IsBuildInEqualityOperator (Type t)
3403 return t == TypeManager.object_type || t == TypeManager.string_type ||
3404 t == TypeManager.delegate_type || TypeManager.IsDelegateType (t);
3407 static bool IsPredefinedUserOperator (Type t, Operator op)
3410 // Some predefined types have user operators
3412 return (op & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0 && (t == TypeManager.string_type || t == TypeManager.decimal_type);
3415 private static bool IsTypeIntegral (Type type)
3417 return type == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
3418 type == TypeManager.int64_type ||
3419 type == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
3420 type == TypeManager.int32_type ||
3421 type == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
3422 type == TypeManager.short_type ||
3423 type == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
3424 type == TypeManager.byte_type ||
3425 type == TypeManager.char_type;
3428 private static bool IsTypeUnsigned (Type type)
3430 return type == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
3431 type == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
3432 type == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
3433 type == TypeManager.byte_type ||
3434 type == TypeManager.char_type;
3437 private void WarnUselessComparison (ResolveContext ec, Type type)
3439 ec.Report.Warning (652, 2, loc, "A comparison between a constant and a variable is useless. The constant is out of the range of the variable type `{0}'",
3440 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
3444 /// EmitBranchable is called from Statement.EmitBoolExpression in the
3445 /// context of a conditional bool expression. This function will return
3446 /// false if it is was possible to use EmitBranchable, or true if it was.
3448 /// The expression's code is generated, and we will generate a branch to `target'
3449 /// if the resulting expression value is equal to isTrue
3451 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
3453 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3456 // This is more complicated than it looks, but its just to avoid
3457 // duplicated tests: basically, we allow ==, !=, >, <, >= and <=
3458 // but on top of that we want for == and != to use a special path
3459 // if we are comparing against null
3461 if ((oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality) && (left is Constant || right is Constant)) {
3462 bool my_on_true = oper == Operator.Inequality ? on_true : !on_true;
3465 // put the constant on the rhs, for simplicity
3467 if (left is Constant) {
3468 Expression swap = right;
3473 if (((Constant) right).IsZeroInteger) {
3474 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, my_on_true);
3477 if (right.Type == TypeManager.bool_type) {
3478 // right is a boolean, and it's not 'false' => it is 'true'
3479 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, !my_on_true);
3483 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
3486 Label tests_end = ig.DefineLabel ();
3488 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, false);
3489 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
3490 ig.MarkLabel (tests_end);
3493 // This optimizes code like this
3494 // if (true && i > 4)
3496 if (!(left is Constant))
3497 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
3499 if (!(right is Constant))
3500 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
3505 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr){
3507 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
3508 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
3511 Label tests_end = ig.DefineLabel ();
3512 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, true);
3513 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
3514 ig.MarkLabel (tests_end);
3519 } else if (!(oper == Operator.LessThan || oper == Operator.GreaterThan ||
3520 oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual || oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual ||
3521 oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality)) {
3522 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
3530 bool is_float = IsFloat (t);
3531 bool is_unsigned = is_float || IsUnsigned (t);
3534 case Operator.Equality:
3536 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
3538 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
3541 case Operator.Inequality:
3543 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
3545 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
3548 case Operator.LessThan:
3550 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3551 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
3553 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
3556 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
3558 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
3561 case Operator.GreaterThan:
3563 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3564 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
3566 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
3569 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
3571 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
3574 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
3576 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3577 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
3579 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
3582 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
3584 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
3588 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
3590 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3591 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
3593 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
3596 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
3598 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
3601 throw new InternalErrorException (oper.ToString ());
3605 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3607 EmitOperator (ec, left.Type);
3610 protected virtual void EmitOperator (EmitContext ec, Type l)
3612 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3615 // Handle short-circuit operators differently
3618 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0) {
3619 Label load_result = ig.DefineLabel ();
3620 Label end = ig.DefineLabel ();
3622 bool is_or = oper == Operator.LogicalOr;
3623 left.EmitBranchable (ec, load_result, is_or);
3625 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br_S, end);
3627 ig.MarkLabel (load_result);
3628 ig.Emit (is_or ? OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1 : OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
3634 // Optimize zero-based operations which cannot be optimized at expression level
3636 if (oper == Operator.Subtraction) {
3637 var lc = left as IntegralConstant;
3638 if (lc != null && lc.IsDefaultValue) {
3640 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Neg);
3647 EmitOperatorOpcode (ec, oper, l);
3650 // Nullable enum could require underlying type cast and we cannot simply wrap binary
3651 // expression because that would wrap lifted binary operation
3653 if (enum_conversion != null)
3654 enum_conversion.Emit (ec);
3657 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
3659 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0 ||
3660 (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope) && (oper == Operator.Multiply || oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction))) {
3661 base.EmitSideEffect (ec);
3663 left.EmitSideEffect (ec);
3664 right.EmitSideEffect (ec);
3668 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
3670 Binary target = (Binary) t;
3672 target.left = left.Clone (clonectx);
3673 target.right = right.Clone (clonectx);
3676 public Expression CreateCallSiteBinder (ResolveContext ec, Arguments args)
3678 Arguments binder_args = new Arguments (3);
3680 MemberAccess sle = new MemberAccess (new MemberAccess (
3681 new QualifiedAliasMember (QualifiedAliasMember.GlobalAlias, "System", loc), "Linq", loc), "Expressions", loc);
3683 CSharpBinderFlags flags = 0;
3684 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope))
3685 flags = CSharpBinderFlags.CheckedContext;
3687 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0)
3688 flags |= CSharpBinderFlags.BinaryOperationLogical;
3690 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new EnumConstant (new IntLiteral ((int) flags, loc), TypeManager.binder_flags)));
3691 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new MemberAccess (new MemberAccess (sle, "ExpressionType", loc), GetOperatorExpressionTypeName (), loc)));
3692 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation ("[]", args.CreateDynamicBinderArguments (ec), loc)));
3694 return new Invocation (DynamicExpressionStatement.GetBinder ("BinaryOperation", loc), binder_args);
3697 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
3699 return CreateExpressionTree (ec, null);
3702 Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec, MethodGroupExpr method)
3705 bool lift_arg = false;
3708 case Operator.Addition:
3709 if (method == null && ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type))
3710 method_name = "AddChecked";
3712 method_name = "Add";
3714 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
3715 method_name = "And";
3717 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
3720 case Operator.Division:
3721 method_name = "Divide";
3723 case Operator.Equality:
3724 method_name = "Equal";
3727 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
3728 method_name = "ExclusiveOr";
3730 case Operator.GreaterThan:
3731 method_name = "GreaterThan";
3734 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
3735 method_name = "GreaterThanOrEqual";
3738 case Operator.Inequality:
3739 method_name = "NotEqual";
3742 case Operator.LeftShift:
3743 method_name = "LeftShift";
3745 case Operator.LessThan:
3746 method_name = "LessThan";
3749 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
3750 method_name = "LessThanOrEqual";
3753 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
3754 method_name = "AndAlso";
3756 case Operator.LogicalOr:
3757 method_name = "OrElse";
3759 case Operator.Modulus:
3760 method_name = "Modulo";
3762 case Operator.Multiply:
3763 if (method == null && ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type))
3764 method_name = "MultiplyChecked";
3766 method_name = "Multiply";
3768 case Operator.RightShift:
3769 method_name = "RightShift";
3771 case Operator.Subtraction:
3772 if (method == null && ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type))
3773 method_name = "SubtractChecked";
3775 method_name = "Subtract";
3779 throw new InternalErrorException ("Unknown expression tree binary operator " + oper);
3782 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
3783 args.Add (new Argument (left.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
3784 args.Add (new Argument (right.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
3785 if (method != null) {
3787 args.Add (new Argument (new BoolConstant (false, loc)));
3789 args.Add (new Argument (method.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
3792 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, method_name, args);
3797 // Represents the operation a + b [+ c [+ d [+ ...]]], where a is a string
3798 // b, c, d... may be strings or objects.
3800 public class StringConcat : Expression {
3801 Arguments arguments;
3803 public StringConcat (Expression left, Expression right, Location loc)
3806 type = TypeManager.string_type;
3807 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3809 arguments = new Arguments (2);
3812 public static StringConcat Create (ResolveContext rc, Expression left, Expression right, Location loc)
3814 if (left.eclass == ExprClass.Unresolved || right.eclass == ExprClass.Unresolved)
3815 throw new ArgumentException ();
3817 var s = new StringConcat (left, right, loc);
3818 s.Append (rc, left);
3819 s.Append (rc, right);
3823 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
3825 Argument arg = arguments [0];
3826 return CreateExpressionAddCall (ec, arg, arg.CreateExpressionTree (ec), 1);
3830 // Creates nested calls tree from an array of arguments used for IL emit
3832 Expression CreateExpressionAddCall (ResolveContext ec, Argument left, Expression left_etree, int pos)
3834 Arguments concat_args = new Arguments (2);
3835 Arguments add_args = new Arguments (3);
3837 concat_args.Add (left);
3838 add_args.Add (new Argument (left_etree));
3840 concat_args.Add (arguments [pos]);
3841 add_args.Add (new Argument (arguments [pos].CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
3843 MethodGroupExpr method = CreateConcatMemberExpression ().Resolve (ec) as MethodGroupExpr;
3847 method = method.OverloadResolve (ec, ref concat_args, false, loc);
3851 add_args.Add (new Argument (method.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
3853 Expression expr = CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Add", add_args);
3854 if (++pos == arguments.Count)
3857 left = new Argument (new EmptyExpression (method.BestCandidate.ReturnType));
3858 return CreateExpressionAddCall (ec, left, expr, pos);
3861 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
3866 void Append (ResolveContext rc, Expression operand)
3871 StringConstant sc = operand as StringConstant;
3873 if (arguments.Count != 0) {
3874 Argument last_argument = arguments [arguments.Count - 1];
3875 StringConstant last_expr_constant = last_argument.Expr as StringConstant;
3876 if (last_expr_constant != null) {
3877 last_argument.Expr = new StringConstant (
3878 last_expr_constant.Value + sc.Value, sc.Location).Resolve (rc);
3884 // Multiple (3+) concatenation are resolved as multiple StringConcat instances
3886 StringConcat concat_oper = operand as StringConcat;
3887 if (concat_oper != null) {
3888 arguments.AddRange (concat_oper.arguments);
3893 arguments.Add (new Argument (operand));
3896 Expression CreateConcatMemberExpression ()
3898 return new MemberAccess (new MemberAccess (new QualifiedAliasMember ("global", "System", loc), "String", loc), "Concat", loc);
3901 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3903 Expression concat = new Invocation (CreateConcatMemberExpression (), arguments, true);
3904 concat = concat.Resolve (new ResolveContext (ec.MemberContext));
3909 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
3911 if (arguments.Count != 2)
3912 throw new NotImplementedException ("arguments.Count != 2");
3914 var concat = TypeManager.string_type.GetMethod ("Concat", new[] { typeof (object), typeof (object) });
3915 return SLE.Expression.Add (arguments[0].Expr.MakeExpression (ctx), arguments[1].Expr.MakeExpression (ctx), concat);
3918 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
3920 arguments.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
3925 // User-defined conditional logical operator
3927 public class ConditionalLogicalOperator : UserOperatorCall {
3928 readonly bool is_and;
3931 public ConditionalLogicalOperator (MethodGroupExpr oper_method, Arguments arguments,
3932 ExpressionTreeExpression expr_tree, bool is_and, Location loc)
3933 : base (oper_method, arguments, expr_tree, loc)
3935 this.is_and = is_and;
3936 eclass = ExprClass.Unresolved;
3939 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
3941 var method = mg.BestCandidate;
3942 type = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (method.ReturnType);
3943 AParametersCollection pd = method.Parameters;
3944 if (!TypeManager.IsEqual (type, type) || !TypeManager.IsEqual (type, pd.Types [0]) || !TypeManager.IsEqual (type, pd.Types [1])) {
3945 ec.Report.Error (217, loc,
3946 "A user-defined operator `{0}' must have parameters and return values of the same type in order to be applicable as a short circuit operator",
3947 TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method.MetaInfo));
3951 Expression left_dup = new EmptyExpression (type);
3952 Expression op_true = GetOperatorTrue (ec, left_dup, loc);
3953 Expression op_false = GetOperatorFalse (ec, left_dup, loc);
3954 if (op_true == null || op_false == null) {
3955 ec.Report.Error (218, loc,
3956 "The type `{0}' must have operator `true' and operator `false' defined when `{1}' is used as a short circuit operator",
3957 TypeManager.CSharpName (type), TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method.MetaInfo));
3961 oper = is_and ? op_false : op_true;
3962 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3966 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3968 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3969 Label end_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
3972 // Emit and duplicate left argument
3974 arguments [0].Expr.Emit (ec);
3975 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3976 arguments.RemoveAt (0);
3978 oper.EmitBranchable (ec, end_target, true);
3980 ig.MarkLabel (end_target);
3984 public class PointerArithmetic : Expression {
3985 Expression left, right;
3989 // We assume that `l' is always a pointer
3991 public PointerArithmetic (Binary.Operator op, Expression l, Expression r, Type t, Location loc)
4000 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4002 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
4006 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4008 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
4010 if (left.Type == TypeManager.void_ptr_type) {
4011 ec.Report.Error (242, loc, "The operation in question is undefined on void pointers");
4018 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4020 Type op_type = left.Type;
4021 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
4023 // It must be either array or fixed buffer
4025 if (TypeManager.HasElementType (op_type)) {
4026 element = TypeManager.GetElementType (op_type);
4028 FieldExpr fe = left as FieldExpr;
4030 element = ((FixedFieldSpec) (fe.Spec)).ElementType;
4035 int size = GetTypeSize (element);
4036 Type rtype = right.Type;
4038 if ((op & Binary.Operator.SubtractionMask) != 0 && rtype.IsPointer){
4040 // handle (pointer - pointer)
4044 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
4048 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
4050 IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, size);
4051 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Div);
4053 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
4056 // handle + and - on (pointer op int)
4058 Constant left_const = left as Constant;
4059 if (left_const != null) {
4061 // Optimize ((T*)null) pointer operations
4063 if (left_const.IsDefaultValue) {
4064 left = EmptyExpression.Null;
4072 Constant right_const = right as Constant;
4073 if (right_const != null) {
4075 // Optimize 0-based arithmetic
4077 if (right_const.IsDefaultValue)
4081 // TODO: Should be the checks resolve context sensitive?
4082 ResolveContext rc = new ResolveContext (ec.MemberContext);
4083 right = ConstantFold.BinaryFold (rc, Binary.Operator.Multiply, new IntConstant (size, right.Location).Resolve (rc), right_const, loc);
4087 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
4088 right = EmptyExpression.Null;
4093 if (rtype == TypeManager.sbyte_type || rtype == TypeManager.byte_type ||
4094 rtype == TypeManager.short_type || rtype == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
4095 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
4096 } else if (rtype == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
4097 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U);
4100 if (right_const == null && size != 1){
4102 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
4104 IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, size);
4105 if (rtype == TypeManager.int64_type || rtype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4106 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
4108 Binary.EmitOperatorOpcode (ec, Binary.Operator.Multiply, rtype);
4111 if (left_const == null) {
4112 if (rtype == TypeManager.int64_type)
4113 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
4114 else if (rtype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4115 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U);
4117 Binary.EmitOperatorOpcode (ec, op, op_type);
4124 // A boolean-expression is an expression that yields a result
4127 public class BooleanExpression : ShimExpression
4129 public BooleanExpression (Expression expr)
4132 this.loc = expr.Location;
4135 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4137 // TODO: We should emit IsTrue (v4) instead of direct user operator
4138 // call but that would break csc compatibility
4139 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
4142 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4144 // A boolean-expression is required to be of a type
4145 // that can be implicitly converted to bool or of
4146 // a type that implements operator true
4148 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
4152 Assign ass = expr as Assign;
4153 if (ass != null && ass.Source is Constant) {
4154 ec.Report.Warning (665, 3, loc,
4155 "Assignment in conditional expression is always constant. Did you mean to use `==' instead ?");
4158 if (expr.Type == TypeManager.bool_type)
4161 if (TypeManager.IsDynamicType (expr.Type)) {
4162 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
4163 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
4164 return new DynamicUnaryConversion ("IsTrue", args, loc).Resolve (ec);
4167 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
4168 Expression converted = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, expr, type, loc);
4169 if (converted != null)
4173 // If no implicit conversion to bool exists, try using `operator true'
4175 converted = GetOperatorTrue (ec, expr, loc);
4176 if (converted == null) {
4177 expr.Error_ValueCannotBeConverted (ec, loc, type, false);
4186 /// Implements the ternary conditional operator (?:)
4188 public class Conditional : Expression {
4189 Expression expr, true_expr, false_expr;
4191 public Conditional (BooleanExpression expr, Expression true_expr, Expression false_expr)
4194 this.true_expr = true_expr;
4195 this.false_expr = false_expr;
4196 this.loc = expr.Location;
4199 public Expression Expr {
4205 public Expression TrueExpr {
4211 public Expression FalseExpr {
4217 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4219 Arguments args = new Arguments (3);
4220 args.Add (new Argument (expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4221 args.Add (new Argument (true_expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4222 args.Add (new Argument (false_expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4223 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Condition", args);
4226 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4228 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
4229 true_expr = true_expr.Resolve (ec);
4230 false_expr = false_expr.Resolve (ec);
4232 if (true_expr == null || false_expr == null || expr == null)
4235 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
4236 Type true_type = true_expr.Type;
4237 Type false_type = false_expr.Type;
4241 // First, if an implicit conversion exists from true_expr
4242 // to false_expr, then the result type is of type false_expr.Type
4244 if (!TypeManager.IsEqual (true_type, false_type)) {
4245 Expression conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, true_expr, false_type, loc);
4248 // Check if both can convert implicitly to each other's type
4250 if (Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, false_expr, true_type, loc) != null) {
4251 ec.Report.Error (172, loc,
4252 "Type of conditional expression cannot be determined as `{0}' and `{1}' convert implicitly to each other",
4253 TypeManager.CSharpName (true_type), TypeManager.CSharpName (false_type));
4258 } else if ((conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, false_expr, true_type, loc)) != null) {
4261 ec.Report.Error (173, loc,
4262 "Type of conditional expression cannot be determined because there is no implicit conversion between `{0}' and `{1}'",
4263 TypeManager.CSharpName (true_type), TypeManager.CSharpName (false_type));
4268 // Dead code optimalization
4269 Constant c = expr as Constant;
4271 bool is_false = c.IsDefaultValue;
4272 ec.Report.Warning (429, 4, is_false ? true_expr.Location : false_expr.Location, "Unreachable expression code detected");
4273 return ReducedExpression.Create (is_false ? false_expr : true_expr, this).Resolve (ec);
4279 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
4281 expr.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
4282 true_expr.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
4283 false_expr.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
4284 type = storey.MutateType (type);
4287 public override TypeExpr ResolveAsTypeTerminal (IMemberContext ec, bool silent)
4292 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4294 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
4295 Label false_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
4296 Label end_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
4298 expr.EmitBranchable (ec, false_target, false);
4299 true_expr.Emit (ec);
4301 if (type.IsInterface) {
4302 LocalBuilder temp = ec.GetTemporaryLocal (type);
4303 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, temp);
4304 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, temp);
4305 ec.FreeTemporaryLocal (temp, type);
4308 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end_target);
4309 ig.MarkLabel (false_target);
4310 false_expr.Emit (ec);
4311 ig.MarkLabel (end_target);
4314 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
4316 Conditional target = (Conditional) t;
4318 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
4319 target.true_expr = true_expr.Clone (clonectx);
4320 target.false_expr = false_expr.Clone (clonectx);
4324 public abstract class VariableReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation, IVariableReference {
4325 LocalTemporary temp;
4328 public abstract HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae);
4329 public abstract bool IsFixed { get; }
4330 public abstract bool IsRef { get; }
4331 public abstract string Name { get; }
4332 public abstract void SetHasAddressTaken ();
4335 // Variable IL data, it has to be protected to encapsulate hoisted variables
4337 protected abstract ILocalVariable Variable { get; }
4340 // Variable flow-analysis data
4342 public abstract VariableInfo VariableInfo { get; }
4345 public virtual void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
4347 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4349 hv.AddressOf (ec, mode);
4353 Variable.EmitAddressOf (ec);
4356 public HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (ResolveContext rc)
4358 return GetHoistedVariable (rc.CurrentAnonymousMethod);
4361 public HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (EmitContext ec)
4363 return GetHoistedVariable (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod);
4366 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
4371 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4376 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
4382 // This method is used by parameters that are references, that are
4383 // being passed as references: we only want to pass the pointer (that
4384 // is already stored in the parameter, not the address of the pointer,
4385 // and not the value of the variable).
4387 public void EmitLoad (EmitContext ec)
4392 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
4394 Report.Debug (64, "VARIABLE EMIT", this, Variable, type, IsRef, loc);
4396 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4398 hv.Emit (ec, leave_copy);
4406 // If we are a reference, we loaded on the stack a pointer
4407 // Now lets load the real value
4409 LoadFromPtr (ec.ig, type);
4413 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
4416 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
4422 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy,
4423 bool prepare_for_load)
4425 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4427 hv.EmitAssign (ec, source, leave_copy, prepare_for_load);
4431 New n_source = source as New;
4432 if (n_source != null) {
4433 if (!n_source.Emit (ec, this)) {
4446 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
4448 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
4454 StoreFromPtr (ec.ig, type);
4456 Variable.EmitAssign (ec);
4464 public bool IsHoisted {
4465 get { return GetHoistedVariable ((AnonymousExpression) null) != null; }
4468 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
4470 type = storey.MutateType (type);
4477 public class LocalVariableReference : VariableReference {
4478 readonly string name;
4480 public LocalInfo local_info;
4483 public LocalVariableReference (Block block, string name, Location l)
4491 // Setting `is_readonly' to false will allow you to create a writable
4492 // reference to a read-only variable. This is used by foreach and using.
4494 public LocalVariableReference (Block block, string name, Location l,
4495 LocalInfo local_info, bool is_readonly)
4496 : this (block, name, l)
4498 this.local_info = local_info;
4499 this.is_readonly = is_readonly;
4502 public override VariableInfo VariableInfo {
4503 get { return local_info.VariableInfo; }
4506 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
4508 return local_info.HoistedVariant;
4512 // A local variable is always fixed
4514 public override bool IsFixed {
4515 get { return true; }
4518 public override bool IsRef {
4519 get { return false; }
4522 public bool IsReadOnly {
4523 get { return is_readonly; }
4526 public override string Name {
4527 get { return name; }
4530 public bool VerifyAssigned (ResolveContext ec)
4532 VariableInfo variable_info = local_info.VariableInfo;
4533 return variable_info == null || variable_info.IsAssigned (ec, loc);
4536 void ResolveLocalInfo ()
4538 if (local_info == null) {
4539 local_info = Block.GetLocalInfo (Name);
4540 type = local_info.VariableType;
4541 is_readonly = local_info.ReadOnly;
4545 public override void SetHasAddressTaken ()
4547 local_info.AddressTaken = true;
4550 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4552 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4554 return hv.CreateExpressionTree ();
4556 Arguments arg = new Arguments (1);
4557 arg.Add (new Argument (this));
4558 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", arg);
4561 Expression DoResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
4563 Expression e = Block.GetConstantExpression (Name);
4565 return e.Resolve (ec);
4567 VerifyAssigned (ec);
4570 // If we are referencing a variable from the external block
4571 // flag it for capturing
4573 if (ec.MustCaptureVariable (local_info)) {
4574 if (local_info.AddressTaken)
4575 AnonymousMethodExpression.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (ec, this, loc);
4577 if (ec.IsVariableCapturingRequired) {
4578 AnonymousMethodStorey storey = local_info.Block.Explicit.CreateAnonymousMethodStorey (ec);
4579 storey.CaptureLocalVariable (ec, local_info);
4583 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
4584 type = local_info.VariableType;
4588 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4590 ResolveLocalInfo ();
4591 local_info.Used = true;
4593 if (type == null && local_info.Type is VarExpr) {
4594 local_info.VariableType = TypeManager.object_type;
4595 Error_VariableIsUsedBeforeItIsDeclared (ec.Report, Name);
4599 return DoResolveBase (ec);
4602 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
4604 ResolveLocalInfo ();
4607 if (right_side == EmptyExpression.OutAccess.Instance)
4608 local_info.Used = true;
4610 // Infer implicitly typed local variable
4612 VarExpr ve = local_info.Type as VarExpr;
4614 if (!ve.InferType (ec, right_side))
4616 type = local_info.VariableType = ve.Type;
4623 if (right_side == EmptyExpression.OutAccess.Instance) {
4624 code = 1657; msg = "Cannot pass `{0}' as a ref or out argument because it is a `{1}'";
4625 } else if (right_side == EmptyExpression.LValueMemberAccess) {
4626 code = 1654; msg = "Cannot assign to members of `{0}' because it is a `{1}'";
4627 } else if (right_side == EmptyExpression.LValueMemberOutAccess) {
4628 code = 1655; msg = "Cannot pass members of `{0}' as ref or out arguments because it is a `{1}'";
4629 } else if (right_side == EmptyExpression.UnaryAddress) {
4630 code = 459; msg = "Cannot take the address of {1} `{0}'";
4632 code = 1656; msg = "Cannot assign to `{0}' because it is a `{1}'";
4634 ec.Report.Error (code, loc, msg, Name, local_info.GetReadOnlyContext ());
4635 } else if (VariableInfo != null) {
4636 VariableInfo.SetAssigned (ec);
4639 return DoResolveBase (ec);
4642 public override int GetHashCode ()
4644 return Name.GetHashCode ();
4647 public override bool Equals (object obj)
4649 LocalVariableReference lvr = obj as LocalVariableReference;
4653 return Name == lvr.Name && Block == lvr.Block;
4656 protected override ILocalVariable Variable {
4657 get { return local_info; }
4660 public override string ToString ()
4662 return String.Format ("{0} ({1}:{2})", GetType (), Name, loc);
4665 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
4667 LocalVariableReference target = (LocalVariableReference) t;
4669 target.Block = clonectx.LookupBlock (Block);
4670 if (local_info != null)
4671 target.local_info = clonectx.LookupVariable (local_info);
4676 /// This represents a reference to a parameter in the intermediate
4679 public class ParameterReference : VariableReference {
4680 readonly ToplevelParameterInfo pi;
4682 public ParameterReference (ToplevelParameterInfo pi, Location loc)
4688 public override bool IsRef {
4689 get { return (pi.Parameter.ModFlags & Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF) != 0; }
4692 bool HasOutModifier {
4693 get { return pi.Parameter.ModFlags == Parameter.Modifier.OUT; }
4696 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
4698 return pi.Parameter.HoistedVariant;
4702 // A ref or out parameter is classified as a moveable variable, even
4703 // if the argument given for the parameter is a fixed variable
4705 public override bool IsFixed {
4706 get { return !IsRef; }
4709 public override string Name {
4710 get { return Parameter.Name; }
4713 public Parameter Parameter {
4714 get { return pi.Parameter; }
4717 public override VariableInfo VariableInfo {
4718 get { return pi.VariableInfo; }
4721 protected override ILocalVariable Variable {
4722 get { return Parameter; }
4725 public bool IsAssigned (ResolveContext ec, Location loc)
4727 // HACK: Variables are not captured in probing mode
4728 if (ec.IsInProbingMode)
4731 if (!ec.DoFlowAnalysis || !HasOutModifier || ec.CurrentBranching.IsAssigned (VariableInfo))
4734 ec.Report.Error (269, loc, "Use of unassigned out parameter `{0}'", Name);
4738 public override void SetHasAddressTaken ()
4740 Parameter.HasAddressTaken = true;
4743 void SetAssigned (ResolveContext ec)
4745 if (HasOutModifier && ec.DoFlowAnalysis)
4746 ec.CurrentBranching.SetAssigned (VariableInfo);
4749 bool DoResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
4751 type = pi.ParameterType;
4752 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
4754 AnonymousExpression am = ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod;
4758 Block b = ec.CurrentBlock;
4761 IParameterData[] p = b.Toplevel.Parameters.FixedParameters;
4762 for (int i = 0; i < p.Length; ++i) {
4763 if (p [i] != Parameter)
4767 // Don't capture local parameters
4769 if (b == ec.CurrentBlock.Toplevel && !am.IsIterator)
4773 ec.Report.Error (1628, loc,
4774 "Parameter `{0}' cannot be used inside `{1}' when using `ref' or `out' modifier",
4775 Name, am.ContainerType);
4778 if (pi.Parameter.HasAddressTaken)
4779 AnonymousMethodExpression.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (ec, this, loc);
4781 if (ec.IsVariableCapturingRequired && !b.Toplevel.IsExpressionTree) {
4782 AnonymousMethodStorey storey = pi.Block.CreateAnonymousMethodStorey (ec);
4783 storey.CaptureParameter (ec, this);
4795 public override int GetHashCode ()
4797 return Name.GetHashCode ();
4800 public override bool Equals (object obj)
4802 ParameterReference pr = obj as ParameterReference;
4806 return Name == pr.Name;
4809 public override void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
4812 // ParameterReferences might already be a reference
4819 base.AddressOf (ec, mode);
4822 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
4827 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4829 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4831 return hv.CreateExpressionTree ();
4833 return Parameter.ExpressionTreeVariableReference ();
4837 // Notice that for ref/out parameters, the type exposed is not the
4838 // same type exposed externally.
4841 // externally we expose "int&"
4842 // here we expose "int".
4844 // We record this in "is_ref". This means that the type system can treat
4845 // the type as it is expected, but when we generate the code, we generate
4846 // the alternate kind of code.
4848 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4850 if (!DoResolveBase (ec))
4853 // HACK: Variables are not captured in probing mode
4854 if (ec.IsInProbingMode)
4857 if (HasOutModifier && ec.DoFlowAnalysis &&
4858 (!ec.OmitStructFlowAnalysis || !VariableInfo.TypeInfo.IsStruct) && !IsAssigned (ec, loc))
4864 override public Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
4866 if (!DoResolveBase (ec))
4869 // HACK: parameters are not captured when probing is on
4870 if (!ec.IsInProbingMode)
4876 static public void EmitLdArg (ILGenerator ig, int x)
4879 case 0: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0); break;
4880 case 1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_1); break;
4881 case 2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_2); break;
4882 case 3: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_3); break;
4884 if (x > byte.MaxValue)
4885 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg, x);
4887 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte) x);
4894 /// Invocation of methods or delegates.
4896 public class Invocation : ExpressionStatement
4898 protected Arguments arguments;
4899 protected Expression expr;
4900 protected MethodGroupExpr mg;
4901 bool arguments_resolved;
4904 // arguments is an ArrayList, but we do not want to typecast,
4905 // as it might be null.
4907 public Invocation (Expression expr, Arguments arguments)
4909 SimpleName sn = expr as SimpleName;
4911 this.expr = sn.GetMethodGroup ();
4915 this.arguments = arguments;
4917 loc = expr.Location;
4920 public Invocation (Expression expr, Arguments arguments, bool arguments_resolved)
4921 : this (expr, arguments)
4923 this.arguments_resolved = arguments_resolved;
4926 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4928 Expression instance = mg.IsInstance ?
4929 mg.InstanceExpression.CreateExpressionTree (ec) :
4930 new NullLiteral (loc);
4932 var args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, arguments,
4934 mg.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
4937 MemberExpr.Error_BaseAccessInExpressionTree (ec, loc);
4939 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Call", args);
4942 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4944 Expression member_expr = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.MethodGroup);
4945 if (member_expr == null)
4949 // Next, evaluate all the expressions in the argument list
4951 bool dynamic_arg = false;
4952 if (arguments != null && !arguments_resolved)
4953 arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic_arg);
4955 Type expr_type = member_expr.Type;
4956 mg = member_expr as MethodGroupExpr;
4958 bool dynamic_member = TypeManager.IsDynamicType (expr_type);
4960 if (!dynamic_member) {
4961 Expression invoke = null;
4964 if (expr_type != null && TypeManager.IsDelegateType (expr_type)) {
4965 invoke = new DelegateInvocation (member_expr, arguments, loc);
4966 invoke = invoke.Resolve (ec);
4967 if (invoke == null || !dynamic_arg)
4970 MemberExpr me = member_expr as MemberExpr;
4972 member_expr.Error_UnexpectedKind (ec, ResolveFlags.MethodGroup, loc);
4976 mg = ec.LookupExtensionMethod (me.Type, me.Name, loc);
4978 ec.Report.Error (1955, loc, "The member `{0}' cannot be used as method or delegate",
4979 member_expr.GetSignatureForError ());
4983 ((ExtensionMethodGroupExpr) mg).ExtensionExpression = me.InstanceExpression;
4987 if (invoke == null) {
4988 mg = DoResolveOverload (ec);
4994 if (dynamic_arg || dynamic_member)
4995 return DoResolveDynamic (ec, member_expr);
4997 var method = mg.BestCandidate;
4998 if (method != null) {
4999 type = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (method.ReturnType);
5001 // TODO: this is a copy of mg.ResolveMemberAccess method
5002 Expression iexpr = mg.InstanceExpression;
5003 if (method.IsStatic) {
5004 if (iexpr == null ||
5005 iexpr is This || iexpr is EmptyExpression ||
5006 mg.IdenticalTypeName) {
5007 mg.InstanceExpression = null;
5009 MemberExpr.error176 (ec, loc, mg.GetSignatureForError ());
5013 if (iexpr == null || iexpr == EmptyExpression.Null) {
5014 SimpleName.Error_ObjectRefRequired (ec, loc, mg.GetSignatureForError ());
5020 // Only base will allow this invocation to happen.
5022 if (mg.IsBase && method.IsAbstract){
5023 Error_CannotCallAbstractBase (ec, TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method));
5027 if (arguments == null && method.DeclaringType == TypeManager.object_type && method.Name == Destructor.MetadataName) {
5029 ec.Report.Error (250, loc, "Do not directly call your base class Finalize method. It is called automatically from your destructor");
5031 ec.Report.Error (245, loc, "Destructors and object.Finalize cannot be called directly. Consider calling IDisposable.Dispose if available");
5035 IsSpecialMethodInvocation (ec, method, loc);
5037 if (mg.InstanceExpression != null)
5038 mg.InstanceExpression.CheckMarshalByRefAccess (ec);
5040 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5044 Expression DoResolveDynamic (ResolveContext ec, Expression memberExpr)
5047 DynamicMemberBinder dmb = memberExpr as DynamicMemberBinder;
5049 args = dmb.Arguments;
5050 if (arguments != null)
5051 args.AddRange (arguments);
5052 } else if (mg == null) {
5053 if (arguments == null)
5054 args = new Arguments (1);
5058 args.Insert (0, new Argument (memberExpr));
5062 ec.Report.Error (1971, loc,
5063 "The base call to method `{0}' cannot be dynamically dispatched. Consider casting the dynamic arguments or eliminating the base access",
5070 if (mg.IsStatic != mg.IsInstance) {
5072 args = new Arguments (1);
5075 args.Insert (0, new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (mg.DeclaringType, loc), loc).Resolve (ec), Argument.AType.DynamicTypeName));
5077 MemberAccess ma = expr as MemberAccess;
5079 args.Insert (0, new Argument (ma.Left.Resolve (ec)));
5081 args.Insert (0, new Argument (new This (loc).Resolve (ec)));
5086 return new DynamicInvocation (expr as ATypeNameExpression, args, loc).Resolve (ec);
5089 protected virtual MethodGroupExpr DoResolveOverload (ResolveContext ec)
5091 return mg.OverloadResolve (ec, ref arguments, false, loc);
5094 public static bool IsSpecialMethodInvocation (ResolveContext ec, MethodSpec method, Location loc)
5096 if (!TypeManager.IsSpecialMethod (method.MetaInfo))
5099 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.InvokeSpecialName))
5102 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (method.MetaInfo);
5103 ec.Report.Error (571, loc, "`{0}': cannot explicitly call operator or accessor",
5104 TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method.MetaInfo, true));
5109 static Type[] GetVarargsTypes (MethodSpec mb, Arguments arguments)
5111 AParametersCollection pd = mb.Parameters;
5113 Argument a = arguments [pd.Count - 1];
5114 Arglist list = (Arglist) a.Expr;
5116 return list.ArgumentTypes;
5120 /// This checks the ConditionalAttribute on the method
5122 public static bool IsMethodExcluded (MethodSpec method, Location loc)
5124 if (method.IsConstructor)
5127 var mb = TypeManager.DropGenericMethodArguments (method.MetaInfo);
5128 if (TypeManager.IsBeingCompiled (mb)) {
5129 IMethodData md = TypeManager.GetMethod (mb);
5131 return md.IsExcluded ();
5133 // For some methods (generated by delegate class) GetMethod returns null
5134 // because they are not included in builder_to_method table
5138 return AttributeTester.IsConditionalMethodExcluded (mb, loc);
5142 /// is_base tells whether we want to force the use of the `call'
5143 /// opcode instead of using callvirt. Call is required to call
5144 /// a specific method, while callvirt will always use the most
5145 /// recent method in the vtable.
5147 /// is_static tells whether this is an invocation on a static method
5149 /// instance_expr is an expression that represents the instance
5150 /// it must be non-null if is_static is false.
5152 /// method is the method to invoke.
5154 /// Arguments is the list of arguments to pass to the method or constructor.
5156 public static void EmitCall (EmitContext ec, bool is_base,
5157 Expression instance_expr,
5158 MethodSpec method, Arguments Arguments, Location loc)
5160 EmitCall (ec, is_base, instance_expr, method, Arguments, loc, false, false);
5163 // `dup_args' leaves an extra copy of the arguments on the stack
5164 // `omit_args' does not leave any arguments at all.
5165 // So, basically, you could make one call with `dup_args' set to true,
5166 // and then another with `omit_args' set to true, and the two calls
5167 // would have the same set of arguments. However, each argument would
5168 // only have been evaluated once.
5169 public static void EmitCall (EmitContext ec, bool is_base,
5170 Expression instance_expr,
5171 MethodSpec method, Arguments Arguments, Location loc,
5172 bool dup_args, bool omit_args)
5174 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5175 bool struct_call = false;
5176 bool this_call = false;
5177 LocalTemporary this_arg = null;
5179 Type decl_type = method.DeclaringType;
5181 if (IsMethodExcluded (method, loc))
5184 bool is_static = method.IsStatic;
5186 this_call = instance_expr is This;
5187 if (TypeManager.IsStruct (decl_type) || TypeManager.IsEnumType (decl_type))
5191 // If this is ourselves, push "this"
5195 Type iexpr_type = instance_expr.Type;
5198 // Push the instance expression
5200 if (TypeManager.IsValueType (iexpr_type) || TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (iexpr_type)) {
5202 // Special case: calls to a function declared in a
5203 // reference-type with a value-type argument need
5204 // to have their value boxed.
5205 if (TypeManager.IsStruct (decl_type) ||
5206 TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (iexpr_type)) {
5208 // If the expression implements IMemoryLocation, then
5209 // we can optimize and use AddressOf on the
5212 // If not we have to use some temporary storage for
5214 if (instance_expr is IMemoryLocation) {
5215 ((IMemoryLocation)instance_expr).
5216 AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
5218 LocalTemporary temp = new LocalTemporary (iexpr_type);
5219 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5221 temp.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Load);
5224 // avoid the overhead of doing this all the time.
5226 t = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (iexpr_type);
5228 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5230 // FIXME: should use instance_expr is IMemoryLocation + constraint.
5231 // to help JIT to produce better code
5232 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Box, instance_expr.Type);
5233 t = TypeManager.object_type;
5236 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5237 t = instance_expr.Type;
5241 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
5242 if (Arguments != null && Arguments.Count != 0) {
5243 this_arg = new LocalTemporary (t);
5244 this_arg.Store (ec);
5250 if (!omit_args && Arguments != null)
5251 Arguments.Emit (ec, dup_args, this_arg);
5254 if (is_static || struct_call || is_base || (this_call && !method.IsVirtual)) {
5255 call_op = OpCodes.Call;
5257 call_op = OpCodes.Callvirt;
5259 if ((instance_expr != null) && (instance_expr.Type.IsGenericParameter))
5260 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Constrained, instance_expr.Type);
5263 if ((method.MetaInfo.CallingConvention & CallingConventions.VarArgs) != 0) {
5264 Type[] varargs_types = GetVarargsTypes (method, Arguments);
5265 ig.EmitCall (call_op, (MethodInfo) method.MetaInfo, varargs_types);
5272 // and DoFoo is not virtual, you can omit the callvirt,
5273 // because you don't need the null checking behavior.
5275 if (method.IsConstructor)
5276 ig.Emit (call_op, (ConstructorInfo) method.MetaInfo);
5278 ig.Emit (call_op, (MethodInfo) method.MetaInfo);
5281 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5283 mg.EmitCall (ec, arguments);
5286 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5291 // Pop the return value if there is one
5293 if (TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (type) != TypeManager.void_type)
5294 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
5297 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
5299 Invocation target = (Invocation) t;
5301 if (arguments != null)
5302 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
5304 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
5307 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
5309 return MakeExpression (ctx, mg.InstanceExpression, (MethodSpec) mg, arguments);
5312 public static SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx, Expression instance, MethodSpec mi, Arguments args)
5314 var instance_expr = instance == null ? null : instance.MakeExpression (ctx);
5315 return SLE.Expression.Call (instance_expr, (MethodInfo) mi.MetaInfo, Arguments.MakeExpression (args, ctx));
5318 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
5320 mg.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
5321 type = storey.MutateType (type);
5322 if (arguments != null) {
5323 arguments.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
5329 /// Implements the new expression
5331 public class New : ExpressionStatement, IMemoryLocation {
5332 protected Arguments Arguments;
5335 // During bootstrap, it contains the RequestedType,
5336 // but if `type' is not null, it *might* contain a NewDelegate
5337 // (because of field multi-initialization)
5339 protected Expression RequestedType;
5341 protected MethodGroupExpr method;
5343 bool is_type_parameter;
5345 public New (Expression requested_type, Arguments arguments, Location l)
5347 RequestedType = requested_type;
5348 Arguments = arguments;
5353 /// Converts complex core type syntax like 'new int ()' to simple constant
5355 public static Constant Constantify (Type t)
5357 if (t == TypeManager.int32_type)
5358 return new IntConstant (0, Location.Null);
5359 if (t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
5360 return new UIntConstant (0, Location.Null);
5361 if (t == TypeManager.int64_type)
5362 return new LongConstant (0, Location.Null);
5363 if (t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
5364 return new ULongConstant (0, Location.Null);
5365 if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
5366 return new FloatConstant (0, Location.Null);
5367 if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
5368 return new DoubleConstant (0, Location.Null);
5369 if (t == TypeManager.short_type)
5370 return new ShortConstant (0, Location.Null);
5371 if (t == TypeManager.ushort_type)
5372 return new UShortConstant (0, Location.Null);
5373 if (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
5374 return new SByteConstant (0, Location.Null);
5375 if (t == TypeManager.byte_type)
5376 return new ByteConstant (0, Location.Null);
5377 if (t == TypeManager.char_type)
5378 return new CharConstant ('\0', Location.Null);
5379 if (t == TypeManager.bool_type)
5380 return new BoolConstant (false, Location.Null);
5381 if (t == TypeManager.decimal_type)
5382 return new DecimalConstant (0, Location.Null);
5383 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (t))
5384 return new EnumConstant (Constantify (TypeManager.GetEnumUnderlyingType (t)), t);
5385 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (t))
5386 return Nullable.LiftedNull.Create (t, Location.Null);
5392 // Checks whether the type is an interface that has the
5393 // [ComImport, CoClass] attributes and must be treated
5396 public Expression CheckComImport (ResolveContext ec)
5398 if (!type.IsInterface)
5402 // Turn the call into:
5403 // (the-interface-stated) (new class-referenced-in-coclassattribute ())
5405 Type real_class = AttributeTester.GetCoClassAttribute (type);
5406 if (real_class == null)
5409 New proxy = new New (new TypeExpression (real_class, loc), Arguments, loc);
5410 Cast cast = new Cast (new TypeExpression (type, loc), proxy, loc);
5411 return cast.Resolve (ec);
5414 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
5417 if (method == null) {
5418 args = new Arguments (1);
5419 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (type, loc), loc)));
5421 args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec,
5423 method.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
5426 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "New", args);
5429 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
5432 // The New DoResolve might be called twice when initializing field
5433 // expressions (see EmitFieldInitializers, the call to
5434 // GetInitializerExpression will perform a resolve on the expression,
5435 // and later the assign will trigger another resolution
5437 // This leads to bugs (#37014)
5440 if (RequestedType is NewDelegate)
5441 return RequestedType;
5445 TypeExpr texpr = RequestedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
5451 if (type.IsPointer) {
5452 ec.Report.Error (1919, loc, "Unsafe type `{0}' cannot be used in an object creation expression",
5453 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5457 if (Arguments == null) {
5458 Constant c = Constantify (type);
5460 return ReducedExpression.Create (c.Resolve (ec), this);
5463 if (TypeManager.IsDelegateType (type)) {
5464 return (new NewDelegate (type, Arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
5467 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (type)) {
5468 GenericConstraints gc = TypeManager.GetTypeParameterConstraints (type);
5470 if ((gc == null) || (!gc.HasConstructorConstraint && !gc.IsValueType)) {
5471 ec.Report.Error (304, loc,
5472 "Cannot create an instance of the variable type '{0}' because it doesn't have the new() constraint",
5473 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5477 if ((Arguments != null) && (Arguments.Count != 0)) {
5478 ec.Report.Error (417, loc,
5479 "`{0}': cannot provide arguments when creating an instance of a variable type",
5480 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5484 if (TypeManager.activator_create_instance == null) {
5485 Type activator_type = TypeManager.CoreLookupType (ec.Compiler, "System", "Activator", MemberKind.Class, true);
5486 if (activator_type != null) {
5487 TypeManager.activator_create_instance = TypeManager.GetPredefinedMethod (
5488 activator_type, "CreateInstance", loc, Type.EmptyTypes);
5492 is_type_parameter = true;
5493 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5497 if (type.IsAbstract && type.IsSealed) {
5498 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (type);
5499 ec.Report.Error (712, loc, "Cannot create an instance of the static class `{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5503 if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract){
5504 if (!TypeManager.IsGenericType (type)) {
5505 RequestedType = CheckComImport (ec);
5506 if (RequestedType != null)
5507 return RequestedType;
5510 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (type);
5511 ec.Report.Error (144, loc, "Cannot create an instance of the abstract class or interface `{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5515 bool is_struct = TypeManager.IsStruct (type);
5516 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5519 // SRE returns a match for .ctor () on structs (the object constructor),
5520 // so we have to manually ignore it.
5522 if (is_struct && Arguments == null)
5525 // For member-lookup, treat 'new Foo (bar)' as call to 'foo.ctor (bar)', where 'foo' is of type 'Foo'.
5526 Expression ml = MemberLookupFinal (ec, type, type, ConstructorInfo.ConstructorName,
5527 MemberTypes.Constructor, AllBindingFlags | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly, loc);
5530 if (Arguments != null) {
5531 Arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
5539 method = ml as MethodGroupExpr;
5540 if (method == null) {
5541 ml.Error_UnexpectedKind (ec, ResolveFlags.MethodGroup, loc);
5545 method = method.OverloadResolve (ec, ref Arguments, false, loc);
5550 Arguments.Insert (0, new Argument (new TypeOf (texpr, loc).Resolve (ec), Argument.AType.DynamicTypeName));
5551 return new DynamicConstructorBinder (type, Arguments, loc).Resolve (ec);
5557 bool DoEmitTypeParameter (EmitContext ec)
5559 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5561 MethodInfo ci = (MethodInfo) TypeManager.activator_create_instance.MetaInfo;
5562 ci = ci.MakeGenericMethod (new Type [] { type });
5564 GenericConstraints gc = TypeManager.GetTypeParameterConstraints (type);
5565 if (gc.HasReferenceTypeConstraint || gc.HasClassConstraint) {
5566 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, ci);
5570 // Allow DoEmit() to be called multiple times.
5571 // We need to create a new LocalTemporary each time since
5572 // you can't share LocalBuilders among ILGeneators.
5573 LocalTemporary temp = new LocalTemporary (type);
5575 Label label_activator = ig.DefineLabel ();
5576 Label label_end = ig.DefineLabel ();
5578 temp.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5579 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5582 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Box, type);
5583 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, label_activator);
5585 temp.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5586 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5588 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br_S, label_end);
5590 ig.MarkLabel (label_activator);
5592 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, ci);
5593 ig.MarkLabel (label_end);
5598 // This Emit can be invoked in two contexts:
5599 // * As a mechanism that will leave a value on the stack (new object)
5600 // * As one that wont (init struct)
5602 // If we are dealing with a ValueType, we have a few
5603 // situations to deal with:
5605 // * The target is a ValueType, and we have been provided
5606 // the instance (this is easy, we are being assigned).
5608 // * The target of New is being passed as an argument,
5609 // to a boxing operation or a function that takes a
5612 // In this case, we need to create a temporary variable
5613 // that is the argument of New.
5615 // Returns whether a value is left on the stack
5617 // *** Implementation note ***
5619 // To benefit from this optimization, each assignable expression
5620 // has to manually cast to New and call this Emit.
5622 // TODO: It's worth to implement it for arrays and fields
5624 public virtual bool Emit (EmitContext ec, IMemoryLocation target)
5626 bool is_value_type = TypeManager.IsValueType (type);
5627 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5628 VariableReference vr = target as VariableReference;
5630 if (target != null && is_value_type && (vr != null || method == null)) {
5631 target.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5632 } else if (vr != null && vr.IsRef) {
5636 if (Arguments != null)
5637 Arguments.Emit (ec);
5639 if (is_value_type) {
5640 if (method == null) {
5641 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5646 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method.BestCandidate.MetaInfo);
5651 if (is_type_parameter)
5652 return DoEmitTypeParameter (ec);
5654 ConstructorInfo ci = (ConstructorInfo) method.BestCandidate.MetaInfo;
5656 if (TypeManager.IsGenericType (type) && type.IsGenericTypeDefinition)
5657 ci = TypeBuilder.GetConstructor (type, ci);
5660 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, ci);
5664 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5666 LocalTemporary v = null;
5667 if (method == null && TypeManager.IsValueType (type)) {
5668 // TODO: Use temporary variable from pool
5669 v = new LocalTemporary (type);
5676 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5678 LocalTemporary v = null;
5679 if (method == null && TypeManager.IsValueType (type)) {
5680 // TODO: Use temporary variable from pool
5681 v = new LocalTemporary (type);
5685 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
5688 public virtual bool HasInitializer {
5694 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
5696 EmitAddressOf (ec, mode);
5699 protected virtual IMemoryLocation EmitAddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
5701 LocalTemporary value_target = new LocalTemporary (type);
5703 if (is_type_parameter) {
5704 DoEmitTypeParameter (ec);
5705 value_target.Store (ec);
5706 value_target.AddressOf (ec, mode);
5707 return value_target;
5710 if (!TypeManager.IsStruct (type)){
5712 // We throw an exception. So far, I believe we only need to support
5714 // foreach (int j in new StructType ())
5717 throw new Exception ("AddressOf should not be used for classes");
5720 value_target.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5722 if (method == null) {
5723 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5725 if (Arguments != null)
5726 Arguments.Emit (ec);
5728 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method.BestCandidate.MetaInfo);
5731 value_target.AddressOf (ec, mode);
5732 return value_target;
5735 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
5737 New target = (New) t;
5739 target.RequestedType = RequestedType.Clone (clonectx);
5740 if (Arguments != null){
5741 target.Arguments = Arguments.Clone (clonectx);
5745 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
5747 return SLE.Expression.New ((ConstructorInfo) method.BestCandidate.MetaInfo, Arguments.MakeExpression (Arguments, ctx));
5750 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
5752 if (method != null) {
5753 method.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
5754 if (Arguments != null) {
5755 Arguments.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
5759 type = storey.MutateType (type);
5763 public class ArrayInitializer : ShimExpression
5765 List<Expression> elements;
5767 public ArrayInitializer (List<Expression> init, Location loc)
5773 public ArrayInitializer (int count, Location loc)
5776 elements = new List<Expression> (count);
5779 public ArrayInitializer (Location loc)
5784 public void Add (Expression expr)
5786 elements.Add (expr);
5789 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
5791 var target = (ArrayInitializer) t;
5793 target.elements = new List<Expression> (elements.Count);
5794 foreach (var element in elements)
5795 target.elements.Add (element.Clone (clonectx));
5797 base.CloneTo (clonectx, t);
5801 get { return elements.Count; }
5804 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
5806 throw new NotImplementedException ();
5809 public Expression this [int index] {
5810 get { return elements [index]; }
5815 /// 14.5.10.2: Represents an array creation expression.
5819 /// There are two possible scenarios here: one is an array creation
5820 /// expression that specifies the dimensions and optionally the
5821 /// initialization data and the other which does not need dimensions
5822 /// specified but where initialization data is mandatory.
5824 class ArrayCreation : Expression
5826 FullNamedExpression requested_base_type;
5827 ArrayInitializer initializers;
5830 // The list of Argument types.
5831 // This is used to construct the `newarray' or constructor signature
5833 protected List<Expression> arguments;
5835 protected Type array_element_type;
5836 bool expect_initializers = false;
5837 int num_arguments = 0;
5838 protected int dimensions;
5839 protected readonly string rank;
5840 Expression first_emit;
5841 LocalTemporary first_emit_temp;
5843 protected List<Expression> array_data;
5845 Dictionary<int, int> bounds;
5847 // The number of constants in array initializers
5848 int const_initializers_count;
5849 bool only_constant_initializers;
5851 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, List<Expression> exprs, string rank, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location l)
5853 this.requested_base_type = requested_base_type;
5854 this.initializers = initializers;
5858 arguments = new List<Expression> (exprs);
5859 num_arguments = arguments.Count;
5862 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, string rank, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location l)
5864 this.requested_base_type = requested_base_type;
5865 this.initializers = initializers;
5869 //this.rank = rank.Substring (0, rank.LastIndexOf ('['));
5871 //string tmp = rank.Substring (rank.LastIndexOf ('['));
5873 //dimensions = tmp.Length - 1;
5874 expect_initializers = true;
5877 protected override void Error_NegativeArrayIndex (ResolveContext ec, Location loc)
5879 ec.Report.Error (248, loc, "Cannot create an array with a negative size");
5882 bool CheckIndices (ResolveContext ec, ArrayInitializer probe, int idx, bool specified_dims, int child_bounds)
5884 if (specified_dims) {
5885 Expression a = arguments [idx];
5890 Constant c = a as Constant;
5892 c = c.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, TypeManager.int32_type, a.Location);
5896 ec.Report.Error (150, a.Location, "A constant value is expected");
5900 int value = (int) c.GetValue ();
5902 if (value != probe.Count) {
5903 ec.Report.Error (847, loc, "An array initializer of length `{0}' was expected", value);
5907 bounds [idx] = value;
5910 only_constant_initializers = true;
5911 for (int i = 0; i < probe.Count; ++i) {
5913 if (o is ArrayInitializer) {
5914 var sub_probe = o as ArrayInitializer;
5915 if (idx + 1 >= dimensions){
5916 ec.Report.Error (623, loc, "Array initializers can only be used in a variable or field initializer. Try using a new expression instead");
5920 bool ret = CheckIndices (ec, sub_probe, idx + 1, specified_dims, child_bounds - 1);
5923 } else if (child_bounds > 1) {
5924 ec.Report.Error (846, o.Location, "A nested array initializer was expected");
5926 Expression element = ResolveArrayElement (ec, o);
5927 if (element == null)
5930 // Initializers with the default values can be ignored
5931 Constant c = element as Constant;
5933 if (c.IsDefaultInitializer (array_element_type)) {
5937 ++const_initializers_count;
5940 only_constant_initializers = false;
5943 array_data.Add (element);
5950 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
5954 if (array_data == null) {
5955 args = new Arguments (arguments.Count + 1);
5956 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (array_element_type, loc), loc)));
5957 foreach (Expression a in arguments)
5958 args.Add (new Argument (a.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
5960 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "NewArrayBounds", args);
5963 if (dimensions > 1) {
5964 ec.Report.Error (838, loc, "An expression tree cannot contain a multidimensional array initializer");
5968 args = new Arguments (array_data == null ? 1 : array_data.Count + 1);
5969 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (array_element_type, loc), loc)));
5970 if (array_data != null) {
5971 for (int i = 0; i < array_data.Count; ++i) {
5972 Expression e = array_data [i];
5974 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, initializers [i], array_element_type, loc);
5976 args.Add (new Argument (e.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
5980 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "NewArrayInit", args);
5983 public void UpdateIndices ()
5986 for (var probe = initializers; probe != null;) {
5987 if (probe.Count > 0 && probe [0] is ArrayInitializer) {
5988 Expression e = new IntConstant (probe.Count, Location.Null);
5991 bounds [i++] = probe.Count;
5993 probe = (ArrayInitializer) probe[0];
5996 Expression e = new IntConstant (probe.Count, Location.Null);
5999 bounds [i++] = probe.Count;
6005 protected virtual Expression ResolveArrayElement (ResolveContext ec, Expression element)
6007 element = element.Resolve (ec);
6008 if (element == null)
6011 if (element is CompoundAssign.TargetExpression) {
6012 if (first_emit != null)
6013 throw new InternalErrorException ("Can only handle one mutator at a time");
6014 first_emit = element;
6015 element = first_emit_temp = new LocalTemporary (element.Type);
6018 return Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (
6019 ec, element, array_element_type, loc);
6022 protected bool ResolveInitializers (ResolveContext ec)
6024 if (initializers == null) {
6025 return !expect_initializers;
6029 // We use this to store all the date values in the order in which we
6030 // will need to store them in the byte blob later
6032 array_data = new List<Expression> ();
6033 bounds = new Dictionary<int, int> ();
6035 if (arguments != null)
6036 return CheckIndices (ec, initializers, 0, true, dimensions);
6038 arguments = new List<Expression> ();
6040 if (!CheckIndices (ec, initializers, 0, false, dimensions))
6049 // Resolved the type of the array
6051 bool ResolveArrayType (ResolveContext ec)
6053 if (requested_base_type is VarExpr) {
6054 ec.Report.Error (820, loc, "An implicitly typed local variable declarator cannot use an array initializer");
6058 StringBuilder array_qualifier = new StringBuilder (rank);
6061 // `In the first form allocates an array instace of the type that results
6062 // from deleting each of the individual expression from the expression list'
6064 if (num_arguments > 0) {
6065 array_qualifier.Append ("[");
6066 for (int i = num_arguments-1; i > 0; i--)
6067 array_qualifier.Append (",");
6068 array_qualifier.Append ("]");
6074 TypeExpr array_type_expr;
6075 array_type_expr = new ComposedCast (requested_base_type, array_qualifier.ToString (), loc);
6076 array_type_expr = array_type_expr.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
6077 if (array_type_expr == null)
6080 type = array_type_expr.Type;
6081 if (!type.IsArray) {
6082 ec.Report.Error (622, loc, "Can only use array initializer expressions to assign to array types. Try using a new expression instead");
6086 array_element_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (type);
6087 dimensions = type.GetArrayRank ();
6092 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6097 if (!ResolveArrayType (ec))
6101 // First step is to validate the initializers and fill
6102 // in any missing bits
6104 if (!ResolveInitializers (ec))
6107 for (int i = 0; i < arguments.Count; ++i) {
6108 Expression e = arguments[i].Resolve (ec);
6112 arguments [i] = ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex (ec, e);
6115 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6119 MethodInfo GetArrayMethod (EmitContext ec, int arguments)
6121 ModuleBuilder mb = RootContext.ToplevelTypes.Builder;
6123 Type[] arg_types = new Type[arguments];
6124 for (int i = 0; i < arguments; i++)
6125 arg_types[i] = TypeManager.int32_type;
6127 MethodInfo mi = mb.GetArrayMethod (type, ".ctor", CallingConventions.HasThis, null,
6131 ec.Report.Error (-6, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
6132 "this argument list");
6139 byte [] MakeByteBlob ()
6144 int count = array_data.Count;
6146 Type element_type = array_element_type;
6147 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (element_type))
6148 element_type = TypeManager.GetEnumUnderlyingType (element_type);
6150 factor = GetTypeSize (element_type);
6152 throw new Exception ("unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + element_type);
6154 data = new byte [(count * factor + 3) & ~3];
6157 for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
6158 object v = array_data [i];
6160 if (v is EnumConstant)
6161 v = ((EnumConstant) v).Child;
6163 if (v is Constant && !(v is StringConstant))
6164 v = ((Constant) v).GetValue ();
6170 if (element_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
6171 if (!(v is Expression)){
6172 long val = (long) v;
6174 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6175 data [idx + j] = (byte) (val & 0xFF);
6179 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
6180 if (!(v is Expression)){
6181 ulong val = (ulong) v;
6183 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6184 data [idx + j] = (byte) (val & 0xFF);
6188 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.float_type) {
6189 if (!(v is Expression)){
6190 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((float) v);
6192 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6193 data [idx + j] = element [j];
6194 if (!BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
6195 System.Array.Reverse (data, idx, 4);
6197 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.double_type) {
6198 if (!(v is Expression)){
6199 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((double) v);
6201 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6202 data [idx + j] = element [j];
6204 // FIXME: Handle the ARM float format.
6205 if (!BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
6206 System.Array.Reverse (data, idx, 8);
6208 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.char_type){
6209 if (!(v is Expression)){
6210 int val = (int) ((char) v);
6212 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6213 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6215 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.short_type){
6216 if (!(v is Expression)){
6217 int val = (int) ((short) v);
6219 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6220 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6222 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
6223 if (!(v is Expression)){
6224 int val = (int) ((ushort) v);
6226 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6227 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6229 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
6230 if (!(v is Expression)){
6233 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6234 data [idx+1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
6235 data [idx+2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
6236 data [idx+3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
6238 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
6239 if (!(v is Expression)){
6240 uint val = (uint) v;
6242 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6243 data [idx+1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
6244 data [idx+2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
6245 data [idx+3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
6247 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
6248 if (!(v is Expression)){
6249 sbyte val = (sbyte) v;
6250 data [idx] = (byte) val;
6252 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
6253 if (!(v is Expression)){
6254 byte val = (byte) v;
6255 data [idx] = (byte) val;
6257 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.bool_type) {
6258 if (!(v is Expression)){
6259 bool val = (bool) v;
6260 data [idx] = (byte) (val ? 1 : 0);
6262 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.decimal_type){
6263 if (!(v is Expression)){
6264 int [] bits = Decimal.GetBits ((decimal) v);
6267 // FIXME: For some reason, this doesn't work on the MS runtime.
6268 int [] nbits = new int [4];
6269 nbits [0] = bits [3];
6270 nbits [1] = bits [2];
6271 nbits [2] = bits [0];
6272 nbits [3] = bits [1];
6274 for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++){
6275 data [p++] = (byte) (nbits [j] & 0xff);
6276 data [p++] = (byte) ((nbits [j] >> 8) & 0xff);
6277 data [p++] = (byte) ((nbits [j] >> 16) & 0xff);
6278 data [p++] = (byte) (nbits [j] >> 24);
6282 throw new Exception ("Unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + element_type);
6292 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
6294 var initializers = new SLE.Expression [array_data.Count];
6295 for (var i = 0; i < initializers.Length; i++) {
6296 if (array_data [i] == null)
6297 initializers [i] = SLE.Expression.Default (array_element_type);
6299 initializers [i] = array_data [i].MakeExpression (ctx);
6302 return SLE.Expression.NewArrayInit (array_element_type, initializers);
6306 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
6308 array_element_type = storey.MutateType (array_element_type);
6309 type = storey.MutateType (type);
6310 if (arguments != null) {
6311 foreach (Expression e in arguments)
6312 e.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
6315 if (array_data != null) {
6316 foreach (Expression e in array_data) {
6317 // Don't mutate values optimized away
6321 e.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
6327 // Emits the initializers for the array
6329 void EmitStaticInitializers (EmitContext ec)
6331 // FIXME: This should go to Resolve !
6332 if (TypeManager.void_initializearray_array_fieldhandle == null) {
6333 TypeManager.void_initializearray_array_fieldhandle = TypeManager.GetPredefinedMethod (
6334 TypeManager.runtime_helpers_type, "InitializeArray", loc,
6335 TypeManager.array_type, TypeManager.runtime_field_handle_type);
6336 if (TypeManager.void_initializearray_array_fieldhandle == null)
6341 // First, the static data
6344 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6346 byte [] data = MakeByteBlob ();
6348 fb = RootContext.MakeStaticData (data);
6350 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6351 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, fb);
6352 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) TypeManager.void_initializearray_array_fieldhandle.MetaInfo);
6356 // Emits pieces of the array that can not be computed at compile
6357 // time (variables and string locations).
6359 // This always expect the top value on the stack to be the array
6361 void EmitDynamicInitializers (EmitContext ec, bool emitConstants)
6363 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6364 int dims = bounds.Count;
6365 int [] current_pos = new int [dims];
6367 MethodInfo set = null;
6370 Type [] args = new Type [dims + 1];
6372 for (int j = 0; j < dims; j++)
6373 args [j] = TypeManager.int32_type;
6374 args [dims] = array_element_type;
6376 set = RootContext.ToplevelTypes.Builder.GetArrayMethod (
6378 CallingConventions.HasThis | CallingConventions.Standard,
6379 TypeManager.void_type, args);
6382 for (int i = 0; i < array_data.Count; i++){
6384 Expression e = array_data [i];
6386 // Constant can be initialized via StaticInitializer
6387 if (e != null && !(!emitConstants && e is Constant)) {
6388 Type etype = e.Type;
6390 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6392 for (int idx = 0; idx < dims; idx++)
6393 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, current_pos [idx]);
6396 // If we are dealing with a struct, get the
6397 // address of it, so we can store it.
6399 if ((dims == 1) && TypeManager.IsStruct (etype) &&
6400 (!TypeManager.IsBuiltinOrEnum (etype) ||
6401 etype == TypeManager.decimal_type)) {
6403 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, etype);
6409 bool is_stobj, has_type_arg;
6410 OpCode op = ArrayAccess.GetStoreOpcode (etype, out is_stobj, out has_type_arg);
6412 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, etype);
6413 else if (has_type_arg)
6414 ig.Emit (op, etype);
6418 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, set);
6425 for (int j = dims - 1; j >= 0; j--){
6427 if (current_pos [j] < bounds [j])
6429 current_pos [j] = 0;
6434 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6436 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6438 if (first_emit != null) {
6439 first_emit.Emit (ec);
6440 first_emit_temp.Store (ec);
6443 foreach (Expression e in arguments)
6446 if (arguments.Count == 1)
6447 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, TypeManager.TypeToReflectionType (array_element_type));
6449 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, GetArrayMethod (ec, arguments.Count));
6452 if (initializers == null)
6455 // Emit static initializer for arrays which have contain more than 2 items and
6456 // the static initializer will initialize at least 25% of array values.
6457 // NOTE: const_initializers_count does not contain default constant values.
6458 if (const_initializers_count > 2 && const_initializers_count * 4 > (array_data.Count) &&
6459 (TypeManager.IsPrimitiveType (array_element_type) || TypeManager.IsEnumType (array_element_type))) {
6460 EmitStaticInitializers (ec);
6462 if (!only_constant_initializers)
6463 EmitDynamicInitializers (ec, false);
6465 EmitDynamicInitializers (ec, true);
6468 if (first_emit_temp != null)
6469 first_emit_temp.Release (ec);
6472 public override bool GetAttributableValue (ResolveContext ec, Type value_type, out object value)
6474 if (arguments.Count != 1) {
6475 // ec.Report.Error (-211, Location, "attribute can not encode multi-dimensional arrays");
6476 return base.GetAttributableValue (ec, null, out value);
6479 if (array_data == null) {
6480 Expression arg = arguments [0];
6482 if (arg.GetAttributableValue (ec, arg.Type, out arg_value) && arg_value is int && (int)arg_value == 0) {
6483 value = Array.CreateInstance (array_element_type, 0);
6487 // ec.Report.Error (-212, Location, "array should be initialized when passing it to an attribute");
6488 return base.GetAttributableValue (ec, null, out value);
6491 Array ret = Array.CreateInstance (array_element_type, array_data.Count);
6492 object element_value;
6493 for (int i = 0; i < ret.Length; ++i)
6495 Expression e = array_data [i];
6497 // Is null when an initializer is optimized (value == predefined value)
6501 if (!e.GetAttributableValue (ec, array_element_type, out element_value)) {
6505 ret.SetValue (element_value, i);
6511 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
6513 ArrayCreation target = (ArrayCreation) t;
6515 if (requested_base_type != null)
6516 target.requested_base_type = (FullNamedExpression)requested_base_type.Clone (clonectx);
6518 if (arguments != null){
6519 target.arguments = new List<Expression> (arguments.Count);
6520 foreach (Expression e in arguments)
6521 target.arguments.Add (e.Clone (clonectx));
6524 if (initializers != null)
6525 target.initializers = (ArrayInitializer) initializers.Clone (clonectx);
6530 // Represents an implicitly typed array epxression
6532 class ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation : ArrayCreation
6534 public ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (string rank, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location loc)
6535 : base (null, rank, initializers, loc)
6537 if (rank.Length > 2) {
6538 while (rank [++dimensions] == ',');
6544 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6549 if (!ResolveInitializers (ec))
6552 if (array_element_type == null || array_element_type == TypeManager.null_type ||
6553 array_element_type == TypeManager.void_type || array_element_type == InternalType.AnonymousMethod ||
6554 array_element_type == InternalType.MethodGroup ||
6555 arguments.Count != dimensions) {
6556 Error_NoBestType (ec);
6561 // At this point we found common base type for all initializer elements
6562 // but we have to be sure that all static initializer elements are of
6565 UnifyInitializerElement (ec);
6567 type = TypeManager.GetConstructedType (array_element_type, rank);
6568 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6572 void Error_NoBestType (ResolveContext ec)
6574 ec.Report.Error (826, loc,
6575 "The type of an implicitly typed array cannot be inferred from the initializer. Try specifying array type explicitly");
6579 // Converts static initializer only
6581 void UnifyInitializerElement (ResolveContext ec)
6583 for (int i = 0; i < array_data.Count; ++i) {
6584 Expression e = (Expression)array_data[i];
6586 array_data [i] = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, array_element_type, Location.Null);
6590 protected override Expression ResolveArrayElement (ResolveContext ec, Expression element)
6592 element = element.Resolve (ec);
6593 if (element == null)
6596 if (array_element_type == null) {
6597 if (element.Type != TypeManager.null_type)
6598 array_element_type = element.Type;
6603 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, element, array_element_type)) {
6607 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, new TypeExpression (array_element_type, loc), element.Type)) {
6608 array_element_type = element.Type;
6612 Error_NoBestType (ec);
6617 public sealed class CompilerGeneratedThis : This
6619 public static This Instance = new CompilerGeneratedThis ();
6621 private CompilerGeneratedThis ()
6622 : base (Location.Null)
6626 public CompilerGeneratedThis (Type type, Location loc)
6632 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6634 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6636 type = ec.CurrentType;
6638 is_struct = type.IsValueType;
6642 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
6649 /// Represents the `this' construct
6652 public class This : VariableReference
6654 sealed class ThisVariable : ILocalVariable
6656 public static readonly ILocalVariable Instance = new ThisVariable ();
6658 public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6660 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
6663 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec)
6665 throw new InvalidOperationException ();
6668 public void EmitAddressOf (EmitContext ec)
6670 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
6675 VariableInfo variable_info;
6676 protected bool is_struct;
6678 public This (Block block, Location loc)
6684 public This (Location loc)
6689 public override VariableInfo VariableInfo {
6690 get { return variable_info; }
6693 public override bool IsFixed {
6694 get { return false; }
6697 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
6702 AnonymousMethodStorey storey = ae.Storey;
6703 while (storey != null) {
6704 AnonymousMethodStorey temp = storey.Parent as AnonymousMethodStorey;
6706 return storey.HoistedThis;
6714 public override bool IsRef {
6715 get { return is_struct; }
6718 protected override ILocalVariable Variable {
6719 get { return ThisVariable.Instance; }
6722 public static bool IsThisAvailable (ResolveContext ec)
6724 if (ec.IsStatic || ec.HasAny (ResolveContext.Options.FieldInitializerScope | ResolveContext.Options.BaseInitializer | ResolveContext.Options.ConstantScope))
6727 if (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod == null)
6730 if (ec.CurrentType.IsValueType && ec.CurrentIterator == null)
6736 public bool ResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
6738 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6739 type = ec.CurrentType;
6741 if (!IsThisAvailable (ec)) {
6742 if (ec.IsStatic && !ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.ConstantScope)) {
6743 ec.Report.Error (26, loc, "Keyword `this' is not valid in a static property, static method, or static field initializer");
6744 } else if (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod != null) {
6745 ec.Report.Error (1673, loc,
6746 "Anonymous methods inside structs cannot access instance members of `this'. " +
6747 "Consider copying `this' to a local variable outside the anonymous method and using the local instead");
6749 ec.Report.Error (27, loc, "Keyword `this' is not available in the current context");
6753 is_struct = type.IsValueType;
6755 if (block != null) {
6756 if (block.Toplevel.ThisVariable != null)
6757 variable_info = block.Toplevel.ThisVariable.VariableInfo;
6759 AnonymousExpression am = ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod;
6760 if (am != null && ec.IsVariableCapturingRequired) {
6761 am.SetHasThisAccess ();
6769 // Called from Invocation to check if the invocation is correct
6771 public override void CheckMarshalByRefAccess (ResolveContext ec)
6773 if ((variable_info != null) && !(TypeManager.IsStruct (type) && ec.OmitStructFlowAnalysis) &&
6774 !variable_info.IsAssigned (ec)) {
6775 ec.Report.Error (188, loc,
6776 "The `this' object cannot be used before all of its fields are assigned to");
6777 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
6781 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
6783 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
6784 args.Add (new Argument (this));
6786 // Use typeless constant for ldarg.0 to save some
6787 // space and avoid problems with anonymous stories
6788 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
6791 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6797 override public Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
6799 if (!ResolveBase (ec))
6802 if (variable_info != null)
6803 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
6805 if (ec.CurrentType.IsClass){
6806 if (right_side == EmptyExpression.UnaryAddress)
6807 ec.Report.Error (459, loc, "Cannot take the address of `this' because it is read-only");
6808 else if (right_side == EmptyExpression.OutAccess.Instance)
6809 ec.Report.Error (1605, loc, "Cannot pass `this' as a ref or out argument because it is read-only");
6811 ec.Report.Error (1604, loc, "Cannot assign to `this' because it is read-only");
6817 public override int GetHashCode()
6819 return block.GetHashCode ();
6822 public override string Name {
6823 get { return "this"; }
6826 public override bool Equals (object obj)
6828 This t = obj as This;
6832 return block == t.block;
6835 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
6837 This target = (This) t;
6839 target.block = clonectx.LookupBlock (block);
6842 public override void SetHasAddressTaken ()
6849 /// Represents the `__arglist' construct
6851 public class ArglistAccess : Expression
6853 public ArglistAccess (Location loc)
6858 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
6860 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
6863 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6865 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6866 type = TypeManager.runtime_argument_handle_type;
6868 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.FieldInitializerScope) || !ec.CurrentBlock.Toplevel.Parameters.HasArglist) {
6869 ec.Report.Error (190, loc,
6870 "The __arglist construct is valid only within a variable argument method");
6876 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6878 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Arglist);
6881 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
6888 /// Represents the `__arglist (....)' construct
6890 class Arglist : Expression
6892 Arguments Arguments;
6894 public Arglist (Location loc)
6899 public Arglist (Arguments args, Location l)
6905 public Type[] ArgumentTypes {
6907 if (Arguments == null)
6908 return Type.EmptyTypes;
6910 Type[] retval = new Type [Arguments.Count];
6911 for (int i = 0; i < retval.Length; i++)
6912 retval [i] = Arguments [i].Expr.Type;
6918 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
6920 ec.Report.Error (1952, loc, "An expression tree cannot contain a method with variable arguments");
6924 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6926 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6927 type = InternalType.Arglist;
6928 if (Arguments != null) {
6929 bool dynamic; // Can be ignored as there is always only 1 overload
6930 Arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
6936 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6938 if (Arguments != null)
6939 Arguments.Emit (ec);
6942 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
6944 if (Arguments != null)
6945 Arguments.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
6948 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
6950 Arglist target = (Arglist) t;
6952 if (Arguments != null)
6953 target.Arguments = Arguments.Clone (clonectx);
6958 /// Implements the typeof operator
6960 public class TypeOf : Expression {
6961 Expression QueriedType;
6962 protected Type typearg;
6964 public TypeOf (Expression queried_type, Location l)
6966 QueriedType = queried_type;
6970 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
6972 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
6973 args.Add (new Argument (this));
6974 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (type, loc), loc)));
6975 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
6978 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6980 TypeExpr texpr = QueriedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
6984 typearg = texpr.Type;
6986 if (typearg == TypeManager.void_type) {
6987 ec.Report.Error (673, loc, "System.Void cannot be used from C#. Use typeof (void) to get the void type object");
6988 } else if (typearg.IsPointer && !ec.IsUnsafe){
6989 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
6990 } else if (texpr is DynamicTypeExpr) {
6991 ec.Report.Error (1962, QueriedType.Location,
6992 "The typeof operator cannot be used on the dynamic type");
6995 type = TypeManager.type_type;
6997 return DoResolveBase ();
7000 protected Expression DoResolveBase ()
7002 if (TypeManager.system_type_get_type_from_handle == null) {
7003 TypeManager.system_type_get_type_from_handle = TypeManager.GetPredefinedMethod (
7004 TypeManager.type_type, "GetTypeFromHandle", loc, TypeManager.runtime_handle_type);
7007 // Even though what is returned is a type object, it's treated as a value by the compiler.
7008 // In particular, 'typeof (Foo).X' is something totally different from 'Foo.X'.
7009 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7013 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7015 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, TypeManager.TypeToReflectionType (typearg));
7016 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) TypeManager.system_type_get_type_from_handle.MetaInfo);
7019 public override bool GetAttributableValue (ResolveContext ec, Type value_type, out object value)
7021 if (TypeManager.ContainsGenericParameters (typearg) &&
7022 !TypeManager.IsGenericTypeDefinition (typearg)) {
7023 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (typearg);
7024 ec.Report.Error (416, loc, "`{0}': an attribute argument cannot use type parameters",
7025 TypeManager.CSharpName (typearg));
7030 if (value_type == TypeManager.object_type) {
7031 value = (object)typearg;
7038 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
7040 typearg = storey.MutateType (typearg);
7043 public Type TypeArgument {
7049 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7051 TypeOf target = (TypeOf) t;
7052 if (QueriedType != null)
7053 target.QueriedType = QueriedType.Clone (clonectx);
7058 /// Implements the `typeof (void)' operator
7060 public class TypeOfVoid : TypeOf {
7061 public TypeOfVoid (Location l) : base (null, l)
7066 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7068 type = TypeManager.type_type;
7069 typearg = TypeManager.void_type;
7071 return DoResolveBase ();
7075 class TypeOfMethod : TypeOfMember<MethodSpec>
7077 public TypeOfMethod (MethodSpec method, Location loc)
7078 : base (method, loc)
7082 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7084 if (member.IsConstructor) {
7085 type = TypeManager.ctorinfo_type;
7087 type = TypeManager.ctorinfo_type = TypeManager.CoreLookupType (ec.Compiler, "System.Reflection", "ConstructorInfo", MemberKind.Class, true);
7089 type = TypeManager.methodinfo_type;
7091 type = TypeManager.methodinfo_type = TypeManager.CoreLookupType (ec.Compiler, "System.Reflection", "MethodInfo", MemberKind.Class, true);
7094 return base.DoResolve (ec);
7097 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7099 if (member.IsConstructor)
7100 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, (ConstructorInfo) member.MetaInfo);
7102 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, (MethodInfo) member.MetaInfo);
7105 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Castclass, type);
7108 protected override string GetMethodName {
7109 get { return "GetMethodFromHandle"; }
7112 protected override string RuntimeHandleName {
7113 get { return "RuntimeMethodHandle"; }
7116 protected override MethodSpec TypeFromHandle {
7118 return TypeManager.methodbase_get_type_from_handle;
7121 TypeManager.methodbase_get_type_from_handle = value;
7125 protected override MethodSpec TypeFromHandleGeneric {
7127 return TypeManager.methodbase_get_type_from_handle_generic;
7130 TypeManager.methodbase_get_type_from_handle_generic = value;
7134 protected override string TypeName {
7135 get { return "MethodBase"; }
7139 abstract class TypeOfMember<T> : Expression where T : MemberSpec
7141 protected readonly T member;
7143 protected TypeOfMember (T member, Location loc)
7145 this.member = member;
7149 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7151 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
7152 args.Add (new Argument (this));
7153 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (type, loc), loc)));
7154 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
7157 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7159 bool is_generic = TypeManager.IsGenericType (member.DeclaringType);
7160 var mi = is_generic ? TypeFromHandleGeneric : TypeFromHandle;
7163 Type t = TypeManager.CoreLookupType (ec.Compiler, "System.Reflection", TypeName, MemberKind.Class, true);
7164 Type handle_type = TypeManager.CoreLookupType (ec.Compiler, "System", RuntimeHandleName, MemberKind.Class, true);
7166 if (t == null || handle_type == null)
7169 mi = TypeManager.GetPredefinedMethod (t, GetMethodName, loc,
7171 new Type[] { handle_type, TypeManager.runtime_handle_type } :
7172 new Type[] { handle_type } );
7175 TypeFromHandleGeneric = mi;
7177 TypeFromHandle = mi;
7180 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7184 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7186 bool is_generic = TypeManager.IsGenericType (member.DeclaringType);
7189 mi = TypeFromHandleGeneric;
7190 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, member.DeclaringType);
7192 mi = TypeFromHandle;
7195 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) mi.MetaInfo);
7198 protected abstract string GetMethodName { get; }
7199 protected abstract string RuntimeHandleName { get; }
7200 protected abstract MethodSpec TypeFromHandle { get; set; }
7201 protected abstract MethodSpec TypeFromHandleGeneric { get; set; }
7202 protected abstract string TypeName { get; }
7205 class TypeOfField : TypeOfMember<FieldSpec>
7207 public TypeOfField (FieldSpec field, Location loc)
7212 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7214 if (TypeManager.fieldinfo_type == null)
7215 TypeManager.fieldinfo_type = TypeManager.CoreLookupType (ec.Compiler, "System.Reflection", TypeName, MemberKind.Class, true);
7217 type = TypeManager.fieldinfo_type;
7218 return base.DoResolve (ec);
7221 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7223 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, member.MetaInfo);
7227 protected override string GetMethodName {
7228 get { return "GetFieldFromHandle"; }
7231 protected override string RuntimeHandleName {
7232 get { return "RuntimeFieldHandle"; }
7235 protected override MethodSpec TypeFromHandle {
7237 return TypeManager.fieldinfo_get_field_from_handle;
7240 TypeManager.fieldinfo_get_field_from_handle = value;
7244 protected override MethodSpec TypeFromHandleGeneric {
7246 return TypeManager.fieldinfo_get_field_from_handle_generic;
7249 TypeManager.fieldinfo_get_field_from_handle_generic = value;
7253 protected override string TypeName {
7254 get { return "FieldInfo"; }
7259 /// Implements the sizeof expression
7261 public class SizeOf : Expression {
7262 readonly Expression QueriedType;
7265 public SizeOf (Expression queried_type, Location l)
7267 this.QueriedType = queried_type;
7271 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7273 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
7277 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7279 TypeExpr texpr = QueriedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
7283 type_queried = texpr.Type;
7284 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (type_queried))
7285 type_queried = TypeManager.GetEnumUnderlyingType (type_queried);
7287 int size_of = GetTypeSize (type_queried);
7289 return new IntConstant (size_of, loc).Resolve (ec);
7292 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Compiler, type_queried, loc)){
7297 ec.Report.Error (233, loc,
7298 "`{0}' does not have a predefined size, therefore sizeof can only be used in an unsafe context (consider using System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SizeOf)",
7299 TypeManager.CSharpName (type_queried));
7302 type = TypeManager.int32_type;
7303 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7307 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7309 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, type_queried);
7312 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7318 /// Implements the qualified-alias-member (::) expression.
7320 public class QualifiedAliasMember : MemberAccess
7322 readonly string alias;
7323 public static readonly string GlobalAlias = "global";
7325 public QualifiedAliasMember (string alias, string identifier, TypeArguments targs, Location l)
7326 : base (null, identifier, targs, l)
7331 public QualifiedAliasMember (string alias, string identifier, Location l)
7332 : base (null, identifier, l)
7337 public override FullNamedExpression ResolveAsTypeStep (IMemberContext ec, bool silent)
7339 if (alias == GlobalAlias) {
7340 expr = GlobalRootNamespace.Instance;
7341 return base.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec, silent);
7344 int errors = ec.Compiler.Report.Errors;
7345 expr = ec.LookupNamespaceAlias (alias);
7347 if (errors == ec.Compiler.Report.Errors)
7348 ec.Compiler.Report.Error (432, loc, "Alias `{0}' not found", alias);
7352 FullNamedExpression fne = base.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec, silent);
7356 if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Type) {
7358 ec.Compiler.Report.Error (431, loc,
7359 "Alias `{0}' cannot be used with '::' since it denotes a type. Consider replacing '::' with '.'", alias);
7367 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7369 return ResolveAsTypeStep (ec, false);
7372 protected override void Error_IdentifierNotFound (IMemberContext rc, FullNamedExpression expr_type, string identifier)
7374 rc.Compiler.Report.Error (687, loc,
7375 "A namespace alias qualifier `{0}' did not resolve to a namespace or a type",
7376 GetSignatureForError ());
7379 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
7382 if (targs != null) {
7383 name = TypeManager.RemoveGenericArity (Name) + "<" +
7384 targs.GetSignatureForError () + ">";
7387 return alias + "::" + name;
7390 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7397 /// Implements the member access expression
7399 public class MemberAccess : ATypeNameExpression {
7400 protected Expression expr;
7402 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string id)
7403 : base (id, expr.Location)
7408 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string identifier, Location loc)
7409 : base (identifier, loc)
7414 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string identifier, TypeArguments args, Location loc)
7415 : base (identifier, args, loc)
7420 Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
7423 throw new Exception ();
7426 // Resolve the expression with flow analysis turned off, we'll do the definite
7427 // assignment checks later. This is because we don't know yet what the expression
7428 // will resolve to - it may resolve to a FieldExpr and in this case we must do the
7429 // definite assignment check on the actual field and not on the whole struct.
7432 SimpleName original = expr as SimpleName;
7433 Expression expr_resolved;
7434 using (ec.Set (ResolveContext.Options.OmitStructFlowAnalysis)) {
7435 expr_resolved = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type | ResolveFlags.Intermediate);
7438 if (expr_resolved == null)
7441 string LookupIdentifier = MemberName.MakeName (Name, targs);
7443 Namespace ns = expr_resolved as Namespace;
7445 FullNamedExpression retval = ns.Lookup (ec.Compiler, LookupIdentifier, loc);
7448 ns.Error_NamespaceDoesNotExist (loc, LookupIdentifier, ec);
7449 else if (targs != null)
7450 retval = new GenericTypeExpr (retval.Type, targs, loc).ResolveAsTypeStep (ec, false);
7455 Type expr_type = expr_resolved.Type;
7456 if (TypeManager.IsDynamicType (expr_type)) {
7457 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
7458 args.Add (new Argument (expr_resolved.Resolve (ec)));
7459 expr = new DynamicMemberBinder (Name, args, loc);
7460 if (right_side != null)
7461 return expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7463 return expr.Resolve (ec);
7466 if (expr_type.IsPointer || expr_type == TypeManager.void_type ||
7467 expr_type == TypeManager.null_type || expr_type == InternalType.AnonymousMethod) {
7468 Unary.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, loc, ".", expr_type);
7472 Constant c = expr_resolved as Constant;
7473 if (c != null && c.GetValue () == null) {
7474 ec.Report.Warning (1720, 1, loc, "Expression will always cause a `{0}'",
7475 "System.NullReferenceException");
7478 if (targs != null) {
7479 if (!targs.Resolve (ec))
7483 Expression member_lookup;
7484 member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec.Compiler,
7485 ec.CurrentType, expr_type, expr_type, Name, loc);
7487 if (member_lookup == null && targs != null) {
7488 member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec.Compiler,
7489 ec.CurrentType, expr_type, expr_type, LookupIdentifier, loc);
7492 if (member_lookup == null) {
7493 ExprClass expr_eclass = expr_resolved.eclass;
7496 // Extension methods are not allowed on all expression types
7498 if (expr_eclass == ExprClass.Value || expr_eclass == ExprClass.Variable ||
7499 expr_eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess || expr_eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess ||
7500 expr_eclass == ExprClass.EventAccess) {
7501 ExtensionMethodGroupExpr ex_method_lookup = ec.LookupExtensionMethod (expr_type, Name, loc);
7502 if (ex_method_lookup != null) {
7503 ex_method_lookup.ExtensionExpression = expr_resolved;
7505 if (targs != null) {
7506 ex_method_lookup.SetTypeArguments (ec, targs);
7509 return ex_method_lookup.Resolve (ec);
7513 expr = expr_resolved;
7514 member_lookup = Error_MemberLookupFailed (ec,
7515 ec.CurrentType, expr_type, expr_type, Name, null,
7516 AllMemberTypes, AllBindingFlags);
7517 if (member_lookup == null)
7521 TypeExpr texpr = member_lookup as TypeExpr;
7522 if (texpr != null) {
7523 if (!(expr_resolved is TypeExpr) &&
7524 (original == null || !original.IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, expr_resolved, loc))) {
7525 ec.Report.Error (572, loc, "`{0}': cannot reference a type through an expression; try `{1}' instead",
7526 Name, member_lookup.GetSignatureForError ());
7530 if (!texpr.CheckAccessLevel (ec.MemberContext)) {
7531 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (member_lookup.Type);
7532 ErrorIsInaccesible (loc, TypeManager.CSharpName (member_lookup.Type), ec.Report);
7536 GenericTypeExpr ct = expr_resolved as GenericTypeExpr;
7539 // When looking up a nested type in a generic instance
7540 // via reflection, we always get a generic type definition
7541 // and not a generic instance - so we have to do this here.
7543 // See gtest-172-lib.cs and gtest-172.cs for an example.
7546 TypeArguments nested_targs;
7547 if (HasTypeArguments) {
7548 nested_targs = ct.TypeArguments.Clone ();
7549 nested_targs.Add (targs);
7551 nested_targs = ct.TypeArguments;
7554 ct = new GenericTypeExpr (member_lookup.Type, nested_targs, loc);
7556 return ct.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec, false);
7559 return member_lookup;
7562 MemberExpr me = (MemberExpr) member_lookup;
7563 me = me.ResolveMemberAccess (ec, expr_resolved, loc, original);
7567 if (targs != null) {
7568 me.SetTypeArguments (ec, targs);
7571 if (original != null && (!TypeManager.IsValueType (expr_type) || me is PropertyExpr)) {
7572 if (me.IsInstance) {
7573 LocalVariableReference var = expr_resolved as LocalVariableReference;
7574 if (var != null && !var.VerifyAssigned (ec))
7579 // The following DoResolve/DoResolveLValue will do the definite assignment
7582 if (right_side != null)
7583 return me.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7585 return me.Resolve (ec);
7588 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7590 return DoResolve (ec, null);
7593 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
7595 return DoResolve (ec, right_side);
7598 public override FullNamedExpression ResolveAsTypeStep (IMemberContext ec, bool silent)
7600 return ResolveNamespaceOrType (ec, silent);
7603 public FullNamedExpression ResolveNamespaceOrType (IMemberContext rc, bool silent)
7605 FullNamedExpression expr_resolved = expr.ResolveAsTypeStep (rc, silent);
7607 if (expr_resolved == null)
7610 string LookupIdentifier = MemberName.MakeName (Name, targs);
7612 Namespace ns = expr_resolved as Namespace;
7614 FullNamedExpression retval = ns.Lookup (rc.Compiler, LookupIdentifier, loc);
7616 if (retval == null && !silent)
7617 ns.Error_NamespaceDoesNotExist (loc, LookupIdentifier, rc);
7618 else if (targs != null)
7619 retval = new GenericTypeExpr (retval.Type, targs, loc).ResolveAsTypeStep (rc, silent);
7624 TypeExpr tnew_expr = expr_resolved.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (rc, false);
7625 if (tnew_expr == null)
7628 Type expr_type = tnew_expr.Type;
7629 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (expr_type)) {
7630 rc.Compiler.Report.Error (704, loc, "A nested type cannot be specified through a type parameter `{0}'",
7631 tnew_expr.GetSignatureForError ());
7635 Expression member_lookup = MemberLookup (rc.Compiler,
7636 rc.CurrentType, expr_type, expr_type, LookupIdentifier,
7637 MemberTypes.NestedType, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic, loc);
7638 if (member_lookup == null) {
7642 Error_IdentifierNotFound (rc, expr_resolved, LookupIdentifier);
7646 TypeExpr texpr = member_lookup.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (rc, false);
7650 TypeArguments the_args = targs;
7651 Type declaring_type = texpr.Type.DeclaringType;
7652 if (TypeManager.HasGenericArguments (declaring_type) && !TypeManager.IsGenericTypeDefinition (expr_type)) {
7653 while (!TypeManager.IsEqual (TypeManager.DropGenericTypeArguments (expr_type), declaring_type)) {
7654 expr_type = expr_type.BaseType;
7657 TypeArguments new_args = new TypeArguments ();
7658 foreach (Type decl in TypeManager.GetTypeArguments (expr_type))
7659 new_args.Add (new TypeExpression (TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (decl), loc));
7662 new_args.Add (targs);
7664 the_args = new_args;
7667 if (the_args != null) {
7668 GenericTypeExpr ctype = new GenericTypeExpr (texpr.Type, the_args, loc);
7669 return ctype.ResolveAsTypeStep (rc, false);
7675 protected virtual void Error_IdentifierNotFound (IMemberContext rc, FullNamedExpression expr_type, string identifier)
7677 Expression member_lookup = MemberLookup (rc.Compiler,
7678 rc.CurrentType, expr_type.Type, expr_type.Type, SimpleName.RemoveGenericArity (identifier),
7679 MemberTypes.NestedType, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic, loc);
7681 if (member_lookup != null) {
7682 expr_type = member_lookup.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (rc, false);
7683 if (expr_type == null)
7686 expr_type.Error_TypeArgumentsCannotBeUsed (rc.Compiler.Report, loc);
7690 member_lookup = MemberLookup (rc.Compiler,
7691 rc.CurrentType, expr_type.Type, expr_type.Type, identifier,
7692 MemberTypes.All, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic, loc);
7694 if (member_lookup == null) {
7695 rc.Compiler.Report.Error (426, loc, "The nested type `{0}' does not exist in the type `{1}'",
7696 Name, expr_type.GetSignatureForError ());
7698 // TODO: Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError
7699 member_lookup.Error_UnexpectedKind (rc.Compiler.Report, null, "type", loc);
7703 protected override void Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ResolveContext ec, Type type, string name)
7705 if (RootContext.Version > LanguageVersion.ISO_2 && !ec.Compiler.IsRuntimeBinder &&
7706 ((expr.eclass & (ExprClass.Value | ExprClass.Variable)) != 0)) {
7707 ec.Report.Error (1061, loc, "Type `{0}' does not contain a definition for `{1}' and no " +
7708 "extension method `{1}' of type `{0}' could be found " +
7709 "(are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)",
7710 TypeManager.CSharpName (type), name);
7714 base.Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ec, type, name);
7717 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
7719 return expr.GetSignatureForError () + "." + base.GetSignatureForError ();
7722 public Expression Left {
7728 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7730 MemberAccess target = (MemberAccess) t;
7732 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
7737 /// Implements checked expressions
7739 public class CheckedExpr : Expression {
7741 public Expression Expr;
7743 public CheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
7749 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7751 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true))
7752 return Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
7755 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7757 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true))
7758 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7763 if (Expr is Constant || Expr is MethodGroupExpr || Expr is AnonymousMethodExpression || Expr is DefaultValueExpression)
7766 eclass = Expr.eclass;
7771 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7773 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true))
7777 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
7779 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true))
7780 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
7783 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
7785 using (ctx.With (BuilderContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true)) {
7786 return Expr.MakeExpression (ctx);
7790 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
7792 Expr.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
7795 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7797 CheckedExpr target = (CheckedExpr) t;
7799 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
7804 /// Implements the unchecked expression
7806 public class UnCheckedExpr : Expression {
7808 public Expression Expr;
7810 public UnCheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
7816 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7818 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, false))
7819 return Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
7822 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7824 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, false))
7825 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7830 if (Expr is Constant || Expr is MethodGroupExpr || Expr is AnonymousMethodExpression || Expr is DefaultValueExpression)
7833 eclass = Expr.eclass;
7838 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7840 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, false))
7844 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
7846 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, false))
7847 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
7850 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
7852 Expr.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
7855 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7857 UnCheckedExpr target = (UnCheckedExpr) t;
7859 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
7864 /// An Element Access expression.
7866 /// During semantic analysis these are transformed into
7867 /// IndexerAccess, ArrayAccess or a PointerArithmetic.
7869 public class ElementAccess : Expression {
7870 public Arguments Arguments;
7871 public Expression Expr;
7873 public ElementAccess (Expression e, Arguments args)
7877 this.Arguments = args;
7880 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7882 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, Arguments,
7883 Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
7885 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "ArrayIndex", args);
7888 Expression MakePointerAccess (ResolveContext ec, Type t)
7890 if (Arguments.Count != 1){
7891 ec.Report.Error (196, loc, "A pointer must be indexed by only one value");
7895 if (Arguments [0] is NamedArgument)
7896 Error_NamedArgument ((NamedArgument) Arguments[0], ec.Report);
7898 Expression p = new PointerArithmetic (Binary.Operator.Addition, Expr, Arguments [0].Expr.Resolve (ec), t, loc);
7899 return new Indirection (p, loc).Resolve (ec);
7902 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7904 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7909 // We perform some simple tests, and then to "split" the emit and store
7910 // code we create an instance of a different class, and return that.
7912 // I am experimenting with this pattern.
7916 if (t == TypeManager.array_type){
7917 ec.Report.Error (21, loc, "Cannot apply indexing with [] to an expression of type `System.Array'");
7922 return (new ArrayAccess (this, loc)).Resolve (ec);
7924 return MakePointerAccess (ec, t);
7926 FieldExpr fe = Expr as FieldExpr;
7928 var ff = fe.Spec as FixedFieldSpec;
7930 return MakePointerAccess (ec, ff.ElementType);
7933 return (new IndexerAccess (this, loc)).Resolve (ec);
7936 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
7938 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7944 return (new ArrayAccess (this, loc)).DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7947 return MakePointerAccess (ec, type);
7949 if (Expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable && TypeManager.IsStruct (type))
7950 Error_CannotModifyIntermediateExpressionValue (ec);
7952 return (new IndexerAccess (this, loc)).DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7955 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7957 throw new Exception ("Should never be reached");
7960 public static void Error_NamedArgument (NamedArgument na, Report Report)
7962 Report.Error (1742, na.Location, "An element access expression cannot use named argument");
7965 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
7967 return Expr.GetSignatureForError ();
7970 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7972 ElementAccess target = (ElementAccess) t;
7974 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
7975 if (Arguments != null)
7976 target.Arguments = Arguments.Clone (clonectx);
7981 /// Implements array access
7983 public class ArrayAccess : Expression, IDynamicAssign, IMemoryLocation {
7985 // Points to our "data" repository
7989 LocalTemporary temp;
7993 public ArrayAccess (ElementAccess ea_data, Location l)
7999 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8001 return ea.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
8004 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
8006 return DoResolve (ec);
8009 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8011 // dynamic is used per argument in ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex case
8013 ea.Arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
8015 Type t = ea.Expr.Type;
8016 int rank = ea.Arguments.Count;
8017 if (t.GetArrayRank () != rank) {
8018 ec.Report.Error (22, ea.Location, "Wrong number of indexes `{0}' inside [], expected `{1}'",
8019 ea.Arguments.Count.ToString (), t.GetArrayRank ().ToString ());
8023 type = TypeManager.GetElementType (t);
8024 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.IsUnsafe) {
8025 UnsafeError (ec, ea.Location);
8028 foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments) {
8029 if (a is NamedArgument)
8030 ElementAccess.Error_NamedArgument ((NamedArgument) a, ec.Report);
8032 a.Expr = ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex (ec, a.Expr);
8035 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
8041 /// Emits the right opcode to load an object of Type `t'
8042 /// from an array of T
8044 void EmitLoadOpcode (ILGenerator ig, Type type, int rank)
8047 MethodInfo get = FetchGetMethod ();
8048 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, get);
8052 if (type == TypeManager.byte_type || type == TypeManager.bool_type)
8053 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U1);
8054 else if (type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
8055 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I1);
8056 else if (type == TypeManager.short_type)
8057 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I2);
8058 else if (type == TypeManager.ushort_type || type == TypeManager.char_type)
8059 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U2);
8060 else if (type == TypeManager.int32_type)
8061 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I4);
8062 else if (type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
8063 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U4);
8064 else if (type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
8065 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I8);
8066 else if (type == TypeManager.int64_type)
8067 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I8);
8068 else if (type == TypeManager.float_type)
8069 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_R4);
8070 else if (type == TypeManager.double_type)
8071 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_R8);
8072 else if (type == TypeManager.intptr_type)
8073 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I);
8074 else if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (type)){
8075 EmitLoadOpcode (ig, TypeManager.GetEnumUnderlyingType (type), rank);
8076 } else if (TypeManager.IsStruct (type)){
8077 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, type);
8078 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldobj, type);
8079 } else if (type.IsGenericParameter) {
8080 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem, type);
8081 } else if (type.IsPointer)
8082 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I);
8084 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_Ref);
8087 protected override void Error_NegativeArrayIndex (ResolveContext ec, Location loc)
8089 ec.Report.Warning (251, 2, loc, "Indexing an array with a negative index (array indices always start at zero)");
8093 /// Returns the right opcode to store an object of Type `t'
8094 /// from an array of T.
8096 static public OpCode GetStoreOpcode (Type t, out bool is_stobj, out bool has_type_arg)
8098 has_type_arg = false; is_stobj = false;
8099 t = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (t);
8100 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (t))
8101 t = TypeManager.GetEnumUnderlyingType (t);
8102 if (t == TypeManager.byte_type || t == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
8103 t == TypeManager.bool_type)
8104 return OpCodes.Stelem_I1;
8105 else if (t == TypeManager.short_type || t == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
8106 t == TypeManager.char_type)
8107 return OpCodes.Stelem_I2;
8108 else if (t == TypeManager.int32_type || t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
8109 return OpCodes.Stelem_I4;
8110 else if (t == TypeManager.int64_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
8111 return OpCodes.Stelem_I8;
8112 else if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
8113 return OpCodes.Stelem_R4;
8114 else if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
8115 return OpCodes.Stelem_R8;
8116 else if (t == TypeManager.intptr_type) {
8117 has_type_arg = true;
8119 return OpCodes.Stobj;
8120 } else if (TypeManager.IsStruct (t)) {
8121 has_type_arg = true;
8123 return OpCodes.Stobj;
8124 } else if (t.IsGenericParameter) {
8125 has_type_arg = true;
8126 return OpCodes.Stelem;
8127 } else if (t.IsPointer)
8128 return OpCodes.Stelem_I;
8130 return OpCodes.Stelem_Ref;
8133 MethodInfo FetchGetMethod ()
8135 ModuleBuilder mb = RootContext.ToplevelTypes.Builder;
8136 int arg_count = ea.Arguments.Count;
8137 Type [] args = new Type [arg_count];
8140 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++){
8141 //args [i++] = a.Type;
8142 args [i] = TypeManager.int32_type;
8145 get = mb.GetArrayMethod (
8146 ea.Expr.Type, "Get",
8147 CallingConventions.HasThis |
8148 CallingConventions.Standard,
8154 MethodInfo FetchAddressMethod ()
8156 ModuleBuilder mb = RootContext.ToplevelTypes.Builder;
8157 int arg_count = ea.Arguments.Count;
8158 Type [] args = new Type [arg_count];
8162 ret_type = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (type);
8164 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++){
8165 //args [i++] = a.Type;
8166 args [i] = TypeManager.int32_type;
8169 address = mb.GetArrayMethod (
8170 ea.Expr.Type, "Address",
8171 CallingConventions.HasThis |
8172 CallingConventions.Standard,
8179 // Load the array arguments into the stack.
8181 void LoadArrayAndArguments (EmitContext ec)
8185 for (int i = 0; i < ea.Arguments.Count; ++i) {
8186 ea.Arguments [i].Emit (ec);
8190 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
8192 int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
8193 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8196 LoadFromPtr (ig, this.type);
8198 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
8199 EmitLoadOpcode (ig, type, rank);
8203 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8204 temp = new LocalTemporary (this.type);
8209 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8214 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
8216 int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
8217 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8218 Type t = source.Type;
8219 prepared = prepare_for_load;
8222 AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
8223 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8225 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
8229 bool is_stobj, has_type_arg;
8230 OpCode op = GetStoreOpcode (t, out is_stobj, out has_type_arg);
8234 // The stobj opcode used by value types will need
8235 // an address on the stack, not really an array/array
8239 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, t);
8244 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8245 temp = new LocalTemporary (this.type);
8250 StoreFromPtr (ig, t);
8252 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, t);
8253 else if (has_type_arg)
8260 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8261 temp = new LocalTemporary (this.type);
8266 StoreFromPtr (ig, t);
8268 int arg_count = ea.Arguments.Count;
8269 Type [] args = new Type [arg_count + 1];
8270 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++) {
8271 //args [i++] = a.Type;
8272 args [i] = TypeManager.int32_type;
8274 args [arg_count] = type;
8276 MethodInfo set = RootContext.ToplevelTypes.Builder.GetArrayMethod (
8277 ea.Expr.Type, "Set",
8278 CallingConventions.HasThis |
8279 CallingConventions.Standard,
8280 TypeManager.void_type, args);
8282 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, set);
8292 public void EmitNew (EmitContext ec, New source, bool leave_copy)
8294 if (!source.Emit (ec, this)) {
8296 throw new NotImplementedException ();
8301 throw new NotImplementedException ();
8304 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
8306 int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
8307 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8309 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
8312 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, type);
8314 MethodInfo address = FetchAddressMethod ();
8315 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, address);
8320 public SLE.Expression MakeAssignExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
8322 return SLE.Expression.ArrayAccess (
8323 ea.Expr.MakeExpression (ctx),
8324 Arguments.MakeExpression (ea.Arguments, ctx));
8328 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
8330 return SLE.Expression.ArrayIndex (
8331 ea.Expr.MakeExpression (ctx),
8332 Arguments.MakeExpression (ea.Arguments, ctx));
8335 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
8337 type = storey.MutateType (type);
8338 ea.Expr.Type = storey.MutateType (ea.Expr.Type);
8343 /// Expressions that represent an indexer call.
8345 public class IndexerAccess : Expression, IDynamicAssign
8347 class IndexerMethodGroupExpr : MethodGroupExpr
8349 public IndexerMethodGroupExpr (Indexers indexers, Location loc)
8352 Methods = indexers.Methods.ToArray ();
8355 public override string Name {
8361 protected override int GetApplicableParametersCount (MethodSpec method, AParametersCollection parameters)
8364 // Here is the trick, decrease number of arguments by 1 when only
8365 // available property method is setter. This makes overload resolution
8366 // work correctly for indexers.
8369 if (method.Name [0] == 'g')
8370 return parameters.Count;
8372 return parameters.Count - 1;
8378 // Contains either property getter or setter
8379 public List<MethodSpec> Methods;
8380 public List<PropertyInfo> Properties;
8386 void Append (Type caller_type, MemberInfo [] mi)
8391 foreach (PropertyInfo property in mi) {
8392 MethodInfo accessor = property.GetGetMethod (true);
8393 if (accessor == null)
8394 accessor = property.GetSetMethod (true);
8396 if (Methods == null) {
8397 Methods = new List<MethodSpec> ();
8398 Properties = new List<PropertyInfo> ();
8401 Methods.Add (Import.CreateMethod (accessor));
8402 Properties.Add (property);
8406 static MemberInfo [] GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (Type caller_type, Type lookup_type)
8408 string p_name = TypeManager.IndexerPropertyName (lookup_type);
8410 return TypeManager.MemberLookup (
8411 caller_type, caller_type, lookup_type, MemberTypes.Property,
8412 BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance |
8413 BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly, p_name, null);
8416 public static Indexers GetIndexersForType (Type caller_type, Type lookup_type)
8418 Indexers ix = new Indexers ();
8420 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (lookup_type)) {
8421 GenericConstraints gc = TypeManager.GetTypeParameterConstraints (lookup_type);
8425 if (gc.HasClassConstraint) {
8426 Type class_contraint = gc.ClassConstraint;
8427 while (class_contraint != TypeManager.object_type && class_contraint != null) {
8428 ix.Append (caller_type, GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (caller_type, class_contraint));
8429 class_contraint = class_contraint.BaseType;
8433 Type[] ifaces = gc.InterfaceConstraints;
8434 foreach (Type itype in ifaces)
8435 ix.Append (caller_type, GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (caller_type, itype));
8440 Type copy = lookup_type;
8441 while (copy != TypeManager.object_type && copy != null){
8442 ix.Append (caller_type, GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (caller_type, copy));
8443 copy = copy.BaseType;
8446 if (lookup_type.IsInterface) {
8447 Type [] ifaces = TypeManager.GetInterfaces (lookup_type);
8448 if (ifaces != null) {
8449 foreach (Type itype in ifaces)
8450 ix.Append (caller_type, GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (caller_type, itype));
8459 // Points to our "data" repository
8461 MethodSpec get, set;
8462 bool is_base_indexer;
8464 LocalTemporary temp;
8465 LocalTemporary prepared_value;
8466 Expression set_expr;
8468 protected Type indexer_type;
8469 protected Type current_type;
8470 protected Expression instance_expr;
8471 protected Arguments arguments;
8473 public IndexerAccess (ElementAccess ea, Location loc)
8474 : this (ea.Expr, false, loc)
8476 this.arguments = ea.Arguments;
8479 protected IndexerAccess (Expression instance_expr, bool is_base_indexer,
8482 this.instance_expr = instance_expr;
8483 this.is_base_indexer = is_base_indexer;
8487 static string GetAccessorName (bool isSet)
8489 return isSet ? "set" : "get";
8492 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8494 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, arguments,
8495 instance_expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec),
8496 new TypeOfMethod (get, loc));
8498 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Call", args);
8501 protected virtual void CommonResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8503 indexer_type = instance_expr.Type;
8504 current_type = ec.CurrentType;
8507 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8509 return ResolveAccessor (ec, null);
8512 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
8514 if (right_side == EmptyExpression.OutAccess.Instance) {
8515 right_side.DoResolveLValue (ec, this);
8519 // if the indexer returns a value type, and we try to set a field in it
8520 if (right_side == EmptyExpression.LValueMemberAccess || right_side == EmptyExpression.LValueMemberOutAccess) {
8521 Error_CannotModifyIntermediateExpressionValue (ec);
8524 return ResolveAccessor (ec, right_side);
8527 Expression ResolveAccessor (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
8535 arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
8537 if (TypeManager.IsDynamicType (indexer_type)) {
8542 ilist = Indexers.GetIndexersForType (current_type, indexer_type);
8543 if (ilist.Methods == null) {
8544 ec.Report.Error (21, loc, "Cannot apply indexing with [] to an expression of type `{0}'",
8545 TypeManager.CSharpName (indexer_type));
8549 mg = new IndexerMethodGroupExpr (ilist, loc);
8550 mg = mg.OverloadResolve (ec, ref arguments, false, loc);
8556 Arguments args = new Arguments (arguments.Count + 1);
8557 if (is_base_indexer) {
8558 ec.Report.Error (1972, loc, "The indexer base access cannot be dynamically dispatched. Consider casting the dynamic arguments or eliminating the base access");
8560 args.Add (new Argument (instance_expr));
8562 args.AddRange (arguments);
8564 var expr = new DynamicIndexBinder (args, loc);
8565 if (right_side != null)
8566 return expr.ResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
8568 return expr.Resolve (ec);
8571 var mi = (MethodSpec) mg;
8572 PropertyInfo pi = null;
8573 for (int i = 0; i < ilist.Methods.Count; ++i) {
8574 if (ilist.Methods [i].MetaInfo == mi.MetaInfo) {
8575 pi = (PropertyInfo) ilist.Properties [i];
8580 type = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (pi.PropertyType);
8581 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.IsUnsafe)
8582 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
8584 MethodSpec accessor = null;
8585 if (right_side == null) {
8586 var m = pi.GetGetMethod (true);
8588 accessor = get = Import.CreateMethod (m);
8590 var m = pi.GetSetMethod (true);
8592 accessor = set = Import.CreateMethod (m);
8593 if (accessor == null && pi.GetGetMethod (true) != null) {
8594 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (pi);
8595 ec.Report.Error (200, loc, "The read only property or indexer `{0}' cannot be assigned to",
8596 TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (pi));
8600 set_expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right_side, type, loc);
8603 if (accessor == null) {
8604 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (pi);
8605 ec.Report.Error (154, loc, "The property or indexer `{0}' cannot be used in this context because it lacks a `{1}' accessor",
8606 TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (pi), GetAccessorName (right_side != null));
8611 // Only base will allow this invocation to happen.
8613 if (accessor.IsAbstract && this is BaseIndexerAccess) {
8614 Error_CannotCallAbstractBase (ec, TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (pi));
8617 bool must_do_cs1540_check;
8618 if (!IsAccessorAccessible (ec.CurrentType, accessor, out must_do_cs1540_check)) {
8620 var m = pi.GetSetMethod (true);
8622 set = Import.CreateMethod (m);
8624 var m = pi.GetGetMethod (true);
8626 get = Import.CreateMethod (m);
8629 if (set != null && get != null &&
8630 (set.MetaInfo.Attributes & MethodAttributes.MemberAccessMask) != (get.MetaInfo.Attributes & MethodAttributes.MemberAccessMask)) {
8631 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (accessor.MetaInfo);
8632 ec.Report.Error (271, loc, "The property or indexer `{0}' cannot be used in this context because a `{1}' accessor is inaccessible",
8633 TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (pi), GetAccessorName (right_side != null));
8635 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (pi);
8636 ErrorIsInaccesible (loc, TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (pi), ec.Report);
8640 instance_expr.CheckMarshalByRefAccess (ec);
8641 eclass = ExprClass.IndexerAccess;
8645 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8650 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
8653 prepared_value.Emit (ec);
8655 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, is_base_indexer, instance_expr, get,
8656 arguments, loc, false, false);
8660 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8661 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
8667 // source is ignored, because we already have a copy of it from the
8668 // LValue resolution and we have already constructed a pre-cached
8669 // version of the arguments (ea.set_arguments);
8671 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
8673 prepared = prepare_for_load;
8674 Expression value = set_expr;
8677 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, is_base_indexer, instance_expr, get,
8678 arguments, loc, true, false);
8680 prepared_value = new LocalTemporary (type);
8681 prepared_value.Store (ec);
8683 prepared_value.Release (ec);
8686 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8687 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
8690 } else if (leave_copy) {
8691 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
8698 arguments.Add (new Argument (value));
8700 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, is_base_indexer, instance_expr, set, arguments, loc, false, prepared);
8708 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
8710 return TypeManager.CSharpSignature (get != null ? get.MetaInfo : set.MetaInfo, false);
8714 public SLE.Expression MakeAssignExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
8716 var value = new[] { set_expr.MakeExpression (ctx) };
8717 var args = Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx).Concat (value);
8719 return SLE.Expression.Block (
8720 SLE.Expression.Call (instance_expr.MakeExpression (ctx), (MethodInfo) set.MetaInfo, args),
8725 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
8727 var args = Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx);
8728 return SLE.Expression.Call (instance_expr.MakeExpression (ctx), (MethodInfo) get.MetaInfo, args);
8731 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
8734 storey.MutateGenericMethod (get);
8736 storey.MutateGenericMethod (set);
8738 instance_expr.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
8739 if (arguments != null)
8740 arguments.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
8742 type = storey.MutateType (type);
8745 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8747 IndexerAccess target = (IndexerAccess) t;
8749 if (arguments != null)
8750 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
8752 if (instance_expr != null)
8753 target.instance_expr = instance_expr.Clone (clonectx);
8758 /// The base operator for method names
8760 public class BaseAccess : Expression {
8761 public readonly string Identifier;
8764 public BaseAccess (string member, Location l)
8766 this.Identifier = member;
8770 public BaseAccess (string member, TypeArguments args, Location l)
8776 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8778 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
8781 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8783 Expression c = CommonResolve (ec);
8789 // MethodGroups use this opportunity to flag an error on lacking ()
8791 if (!(c is MethodGroupExpr))
8792 return c.Resolve (ec);
8796 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
8798 Expression c = CommonResolve (ec);
8804 // MethodGroups use this opportunity to flag an error on lacking ()
8806 if (! (c is MethodGroupExpr))
8807 return c.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
8812 Expression CommonResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8814 Expression member_lookup;
8815 Type current_type = ec.CurrentType;
8816 Type base_type = current_type.BaseType;
8818 if (!This.IsThisAvailable (ec)) {
8820 ec.Report.Error (1511, loc, "Keyword `base' is not available in a static method");
8822 ec.Report.Error (1512, loc, "Keyword `base' is not available in the current context");
8827 member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec.Compiler, ec.CurrentType, null, base_type, Identifier,
8828 AllMemberTypes, AllBindingFlags, loc);
8829 if (member_lookup == null) {
8830 Error_MemberLookupFailed (ec, ec.CurrentType, base_type, base_type, Identifier,
8831 null, AllMemberTypes, AllBindingFlags);
8838 left = new TypeExpression (base_type, loc);
8840 left = ec.GetThis (loc);
8842 MemberExpr me = member_lookup as MemberExpr;
8844 if (member_lookup is TypeExpression){
8845 ec.Report.Error (582, loc, "{0}: Can not reference a type through an expression, try `{1}' instead",
8846 Identifier, member_lookup.GetSignatureForError ());
8848 ec.Report.Error (582, loc, "{0}: Can not reference a {1} through an expression",
8849 Identifier, member_lookup.ExprClassName);
8855 me = me.ResolveMemberAccess (ec, left, loc, null);
8862 me.SetTypeArguments (ec, args);
8868 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8870 throw new Exception ("Should never be called");
8873 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8875 BaseAccess target = (BaseAccess) t;
8878 target.args = args.Clone ();
8883 /// The base indexer operator
8885 public class BaseIndexerAccess : IndexerAccess {
8886 public BaseIndexerAccess (Arguments args, Location loc)
8887 : base (null, true, loc)
8889 this.arguments = args;
8892 protected override void CommonResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8894 instance_expr = ec.GetThis (loc);
8896 current_type = ec.CurrentType.BaseType;
8897 indexer_type = current_type;
8900 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8902 MemberExpr.Error_BaseAccessInExpressionTree (ec, loc);
8903 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
8908 /// This class exists solely to pass the Type around and to be a dummy
8909 /// that can be passed to the conversion functions (this is used by
8910 /// foreach implementation to typecast the object return value from
8911 /// get_Current into the proper type. All code has been generated and
8912 /// we only care about the side effect conversions to be performed
8914 /// This is also now used as a placeholder where a no-action expression
8915 /// is needed (the `New' class).
8917 public class EmptyExpression : Expression {
8918 public static readonly Expression Null = new EmptyExpression ();
8920 public class OutAccess : EmptyExpression
8922 public static readonly OutAccess Instance = new OutAccess ();
8924 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext rc, Expression right_side)
8926 rc.Report.Error (206, right_side.Location,
8927 "A property, indexer or dynamic member access may not be passed as `ref' or `out' parameter");
8933 public static readonly EmptyExpression LValueMemberAccess = new EmptyExpression ();
8934 public static readonly EmptyExpression LValueMemberOutAccess = new EmptyExpression ();
8935 public static readonly EmptyExpression UnaryAddress = new EmptyExpression ();
8937 static EmptyExpression temp = new EmptyExpression ();
8938 public static EmptyExpression Grab ()
8940 EmptyExpression retval = temp == null ? new EmptyExpression () : temp;
8945 public static void Release (EmptyExpression e)
8952 // FIXME: Don't set to object
8953 type = TypeManager.object_type;
8954 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8955 loc = Location.Null;
8958 public EmptyExpression (Type t)
8961 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8962 loc = Location.Null;
8965 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8967 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
8970 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8975 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8977 // nothing, as we only exist to not do anything.
8980 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
8985 // This is just because we might want to reuse this bad boy
8986 // instead of creating gazillions of EmptyExpressions.
8987 // (CanImplicitConversion uses it)
8989 public void SetType (Type t)
8996 // Empty statement expression
8998 public sealed class EmptyExpressionStatement : ExpressionStatement
9000 public static readonly EmptyExpressionStatement Instance = new EmptyExpressionStatement ();
9002 private EmptyExpressionStatement ()
9004 loc = Location.Null;
9007 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9012 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
9017 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9019 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9020 type = TypeManager.object_type;
9024 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9030 public class UserCast : Expression {
9034 public UserCast (MethodSpec method, Expression source, Location l)
9036 this.method = method;
9037 this.source = source;
9038 type = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (method.ReturnType);
9042 public Expression Source {
9048 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9050 Arguments args = new Arguments (3);
9051 args.Add (new Argument (source.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9052 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (type, loc), loc)));
9053 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOfMethod (method, loc)));
9054 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Convert", args);
9057 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9059 ObsoleteAttribute oa = AttributeTester.GetMethodObsoleteAttribute (method.MetaInfo);
9061 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, GetSignatureForError (), loc, ec.Report);
9063 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9067 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9070 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method.MetaInfo);
9073 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
9075 return TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method.MetaInfo);
9078 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
9080 return SLE.Expression.Convert (source.MakeExpression (ctx), type, (MethodInfo) method.MetaInfo);
9083 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
9085 source.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
9086 storey.MutateGenericMethod (method);
9091 // This class is used to "construct" the type during a typecast
9092 // operation. Since the Type.GetType class in .NET can parse
9093 // the type specification, we just use this to construct the type
9094 // one bit at a time.
9096 public class ComposedCast : TypeExpr {
9097 FullNamedExpression left;
9100 public ComposedCast (FullNamedExpression left, string dim)
9101 : this (left, dim, left.Location)
9105 public ComposedCast (FullNamedExpression left, string dim, Location l)
9112 protected override TypeExpr DoResolveAsTypeStep (IMemberContext ec)
9114 TypeExpr lexpr = left.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
9118 Type ltype = lexpr.Type;
9119 if ((dim.Length > 0) && (dim [0] == '?')) {
9120 TypeExpr nullable = new Nullable.NullableType (lexpr, loc);
9122 nullable = new ComposedCast (nullable, dim.Substring (1), loc);
9123 return nullable.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
9126 if (dim == "*" && !TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Compiler, ltype, loc))
9129 if (dim.Length != 0 && dim [0] == '[') {
9130 if (TypeManager.IsSpecialType (ltype)) {
9131 ec.Compiler.Report.Error (611, loc, "Array elements cannot be of type `{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (ltype));
9135 if ((ltype.Attributes & Class.StaticClassAttribute) == Class.StaticClassAttribute) {
9136 ec.Compiler.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (ltype);
9137 ec.Compiler.Report.Error (719, loc, "Array elements cannot be of static type `{0}'",
9138 TypeManager.CSharpName (ltype));
9143 type = TypeManager.GetConstructedType (ltype, dim);
9148 throw new InternalErrorException ("Couldn't create computed type " + ltype + dim);
9150 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.IsUnsafe){
9151 UnsafeError (ec.Compiler.Report, loc);
9154 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
9158 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
9160 return left.GetSignatureForError () + dim;
9163 public override TypeExpr ResolveAsTypeTerminal (IMemberContext ec, bool silent)
9165 return ResolveAsBaseTerminal (ec, silent);
9169 public class FixedBufferPtr : Expression {
9172 public FixedBufferPtr (Expression array, Type array_type, Location l)
9177 type = TypeManager.GetPointerType (array_type);
9178 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9181 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9183 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
9187 public override void Emit(EmitContext ec)
9192 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9195 // We are born fully resolved
9203 // This class is used to represent the address of an array, used
9204 // only by the Fixed statement, this generates "&a [0]" construct
9205 // for fixed (char *pa = a)
9207 public class ArrayPtr : FixedBufferPtr {
9210 public ArrayPtr (Expression array, Type array_type, Location l):
9211 base (array, array_type, l)
9213 this.array_type = array_type;
9216 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9220 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
9221 IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, 0);
9222 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, array_type);
9227 // Encapsulates a conversion rules required for array indexes
9229 public class ArrayIndexCast : TypeCast
9231 public ArrayIndexCast (Expression expr)
9232 : base (expr, TypeManager.int32_type)
9234 if (expr.Type == TypeManager.int32_type)
9235 throw new ArgumentException ("unnecessary array index conversion");
9238 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9240 using (ec.Set (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
9241 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
9245 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9249 var expr_type = child.Type;
9251 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
9252 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U);
9253 else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
9254 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I);
9255 else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
9256 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I_Un);
9258 throw new InternalErrorException ("Cannot emit cast to unknown array element type", type);
9261 public override bool GetAttributableValue (ResolveContext ec, Type value_type, out object value)
9263 return child.GetAttributableValue (ec, value_type, out value);
9268 // Implements the `stackalloc' keyword
9270 public class StackAlloc : Expression {
9275 public StackAlloc (Expression type, Expression count, Location l)
9282 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9284 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
9287 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9289 count = count.Resolve (ec);
9293 if (count.Type != TypeManager.uint32_type){
9294 count = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, count, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
9299 Constant c = count as Constant;
9300 if (c != null && c.IsNegative) {
9301 ec.Report.Error (247, loc, "Cannot use a negative size with stackalloc");
9304 if (ec.HasAny (ResolveContext.Options.CatchScope | ResolveContext.Options.FinallyScope)) {
9305 ec.Report.Error (255, loc, "Cannot use stackalloc in finally or catch");
9308 TypeExpr texpr = t.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
9314 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Compiler, otype, loc))
9317 type = TypeManager.GetPointerType (otype);
9318 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9323 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9325 int size = GetTypeSize (otype);
9326 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
9331 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, otype);
9333 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, size);
9335 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un);
9336 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Localloc);
9339 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9341 StackAlloc target = (StackAlloc) t;
9342 target.count = count.Clone (clonectx);
9343 target.t = t.Clone (clonectx);
9348 // An object initializer expression
9350 public class ElementInitializer : Assign
9352 public readonly string Name;
9354 public ElementInitializer (string name, Expression initializer, Location loc)
9355 : base (null, initializer, loc)
9360 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9362 ElementInitializer target = (ElementInitializer) t;
9363 target.source = source.Clone (clonectx);
9366 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9368 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
9369 FieldExpr fe = target as FieldExpr;
9371 args.Add (new Argument (fe.CreateTypeOfExpression ()));
9373 args.Add (new Argument (((PropertyExpr)target).CreateSetterTypeOfExpression ()));
9375 args.Add (new Argument (source.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9376 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec,
9377 source is CollectionOrObjectInitializers ? "ListBind" : "Bind",
9381 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9384 return EmptyExpressionStatement.Instance;
9386 MemberExpr me = MemberLookupFinal (ec, ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type, ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type,
9387 Name, MemberTypes.Field | MemberTypes.Property, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance, loc) as MemberExpr;
9393 me.InstanceExpression = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable;
9395 if (source is CollectionOrObjectInitializers) {
9396 Expression previous = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable;
9397 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = target;
9398 source = source.Resolve (ec);
9399 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = previous;
9403 eclass = source.eclass;
9408 Expression expr = base.DoResolve (ec);
9413 // Ignore field initializers with default value
9415 Constant c = source as Constant;
9416 if (c != null && c.IsDefaultInitializer (type) && target.eclass == ExprClass.Variable)
9417 return EmptyExpressionStatement.Instance.Resolve (ec);
9422 protected override Expression Error_MemberLookupFailed (ResolveContext ec, Type type, MemberInfo[] members)
9424 MemberInfo member = members [0];
9425 if (member.MemberType != MemberTypes.Property && member.MemberType != MemberTypes.Field)
9426 ec.Report.Error (1913, loc, "Member `{0}' cannot be initialized. An object " +
9427 "initializer may only be used for fields, or properties", TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (member));
9429 ec.Report.Error (1914, loc, " Static field or property `{0}' cannot be assigned in an object initializer",
9430 TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (member));
9435 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
9437 if (source is CollectionOrObjectInitializers)
9440 base.EmitStatement (ec);
9445 // A collection initializer expression
9447 class CollectionElementInitializer : Invocation
9449 public class ElementInitializerArgument : Argument
9451 public ElementInitializerArgument (Expression e)
9457 sealed class AddMemberAccess : MemberAccess
9459 public AddMemberAccess (Expression expr, Location loc)
9460 : base (expr, "Add", loc)
9464 protected override void Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ResolveContext ec, Type type, string name)
9466 if (TypeManager.HasElementType (type))
9469 base.Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ec, type, name);
9473 public CollectionElementInitializer (Expression argument)
9474 : base (null, new Arguments (1))
9476 base.arguments.Add (new ElementInitializerArgument (argument));
9477 this.loc = argument.Location;
9480 public CollectionElementInitializer (List<Expression> arguments, Location loc)
9481 : base (null, new Arguments (arguments.Count))
9483 foreach (Expression e in arguments)
9484 base.arguments.Add (new ElementInitializerArgument (e));
9489 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9491 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
9492 args.Add (new Argument (mg.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9494 var expr_initializers = new ArrayInitializer (arguments.Count, loc);
9495 foreach (Argument a in arguments)
9496 expr_initializers.Add (a.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
9498 args.Add (new Argument (new ArrayCreation (
9499 CreateExpressionTypeExpression (ec, loc), "[]", expr_initializers, loc)));
9500 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "ElementInit", args);
9503 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9505 CollectionElementInitializer target = (CollectionElementInitializer) t;
9506 if (arguments != null)
9507 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
9510 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9512 base.expr = new AddMemberAccess (ec.CurrentInitializerVariable, loc);
9514 return base.DoResolve (ec);
9519 // A block of object or collection initializers
9521 public class CollectionOrObjectInitializers : ExpressionStatement
9523 IList<Expression> initializers;
9524 bool is_collection_initialization;
9526 public static readonly CollectionOrObjectInitializers Empty =
9527 new CollectionOrObjectInitializers (Array.AsReadOnly (new Expression [0]), Location.Null);
9529 public CollectionOrObjectInitializers (IList<Expression> initializers, Location loc)
9531 this.initializers = initializers;
9535 public bool IsEmpty {
9537 return initializers.Count == 0;
9541 public bool IsCollectionInitializer {
9543 return is_collection_initialization;
9547 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
9549 CollectionOrObjectInitializers t = (CollectionOrObjectInitializers) target;
9551 t.initializers = new List<Expression> (initializers.Count);
9552 foreach (var e in initializers)
9553 t.initializers.Add (e.Clone (clonectx));
9556 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9558 var expr_initializers = new ArrayInitializer (initializers.Count, loc);
9559 foreach (Expression e in initializers) {
9560 Expression expr = e.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
9562 expr_initializers.Add (expr);
9565 return new ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation ("[]", expr_initializers, loc);
9568 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9570 List<string> element_names = null;
9571 for (int i = 0; i < initializers.Count; ++i) {
9572 Expression initializer = (Expression) initializers [i];
9573 ElementInitializer element_initializer = initializer as ElementInitializer;
9576 if (element_initializer != null) {
9577 element_names = new List<string> (initializers.Count);
9578 element_names.Add (element_initializer.Name);
9579 } else if (initializer is CompletingExpression){
9580 initializer.Resolve (ec);
9581 throw new InternalErrorException ("This line should never be reached");
9583 if (!TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type, TypeManager.ienumerable_type)) {
9584 ec.Report.Error (1922, loc, "A field or property `{0}' cannot be initialized with a collection " +
9585 "object initializer because type `{1}' does not implement `{2}' interface",
9586 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.GetSignatureForError (),
9587 TypeManager.CSharpName (ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type),
9588 TypeManager.CSharpName (TypeManager.ienumerable_type));
9591 is_collection_initialization = true;
9594 if (is_collection_initialization != (element_initializer == null)) {
9595 ec.Report.Error (747, initializer.Location, "Inconsistent `{0}' member declaration",
9596 is_collection_initialization ? "collection initializer" : "object initializer");
9600 if (!is_collection_initialization) {
9601 if (element_names.Contains (element_initializer.Name)) {
9602 ec.Report.Error (1912, element_initializer.Location,
9603 "An object initializer includes more than one member `{0}' initialization",
9604 element_initializer.Name);
9606 element_names.Add (element_initializer.Name);
9611 Expression e = initializer.Resolve (ec);
9612 if (e == EmptyExpressionStatement.Instance)
9613 initializers.RemoveAt (i--);
9615 initializers [i] = e;
9618 type = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type;
9619 if (is_collection_initialization) {
9620 if (TypeManager.HasElementType (type)) {
9621 ec.Report.Error (1925, loc, "Cannot initialize object of type `{0}' with a collection initializer",
9622 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
9626 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
9630 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9635 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
9637 foreach (ExpressionStatement e in initializers)
9638 e.EmitStatement (ec);
9641 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
9643 foreach (Expression e in initializers)
9644 e.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
9649 // New expression with element/object initializers
9651 public class NewInitialize : New
9654 // This class serves as a proxy for variable initializer target instances.
9655 // A real variable is assigned later when we resolve left side of an
9658 sealed class InitializerTargetExpression : Expression, IMemoryLocation
9660 NewInitialize new_instance;
9662 public InitializerTargetExpression (NewInitialize newInstance)
9664 this.type = newInstance.type;
9665 this.loc = newInstance.loc;
9666 this.eclass = newInstance.eclass;
9667 this.new_instance = newInstance;
9670 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9672 // Should not be reached
9673 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
9676 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9681 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
9686 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9688 Expression e = (Expression) new_instance.instance;
9692 #region IMemoryLocation Members
9694 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
9696 new_instance.instance.AddressOf (ec, mode);
9702 CollectionOrObjectInitializers initializers;
9703 IMemoryLocation instance;
9705 public NewInitialize (Expression requested_type, Arguments arguments, CollectionOrObjectInitializers initializers, Location l)
9706 : base (requested_type, arguments, l)
9708 this.initializers = initializers;
9711 protected override IMemoryLocation EmitAddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
9713 instance = base.EmitAddressOf (ec, Mode);
9715 if (!initializers.IsEmpty)
9716 initializers.Emit (ec);
9721 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9723 base.CloneTo (clonectx, t);
9725 NewInitialize target = (NewInitialize) t;
9726 target.initializers = (CollectionOrObjectInitializers) initializers.Clone (clonectx);
9729 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9731 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
9732 args.Add (new Argument (base.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9733 if (!initializers.IsEmpty)
9734 args.Add (new Argument (initializers.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9736 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec,
9737 initializers.IsCollectionInitializer ? "ListInit" : "MemberInit",
9741 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9743 Expression e = base.DoResolve (ec);
9747 Expression previous = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable;
9748 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = new InitializerTargetExpression (this);
9749 initializers.Resolve (ec);
9750 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = previous;
9754 public override bool Emit (EmitContext ec, IMemoryLocation target)
9756 bool left_on_stack = base.Emit (ec, target);
9758 if (initializers.IsEmpty)
9759 return left_on_stack;
9761 LocalTemporary temp = target as LocalTemporary;
9763 if (!left_on_stack) {
9764 VariableReference vr = target as VariableReference;
9766 // FIXME: This still does not work correctly for pre-set variables
9767 if (vr != null && vr.IsRef)
9768 target.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Load);
9770 ((Expression) target).Emit (ec);
9771 left_on_stack = true;
9774 temp = new LocalTemporary (type);
9781 initializers.Emit (ec);
9783 if (left_on_stack) {
9788 return left_on_stack;
9791 public override bool HasInitializer {
9793 return !initializers.IsEmpty;
9797 public override void MutateHoistedGenericType (AnonymousMethodStorey storey)
9799 base.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
9800 initializers.MutateHoistedGenericType (storey);
9804 public class NewAnonymousType : New
9806 static readonly IList<AnonymousTypeParameter> EmptyParameters = Array.AsReadOnly (new AnonymousTypeParameter[0]);
9808 List<AnonymousTypeParameter> parameters;
9809 readonly TypeContainer parent;
9810 AnonymousTypeClass anonymous_type;
9812 public NewAnonymousType (List<AnonymousTypeParameter> parameters, TypeContainer parent, Location loc)
9813 : base (null, null, loc)
9815 this.parameters = parameters;
9816 this.parent = parent;
9819 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
9821 if (parameters == null)
9824 NewAnonymousType t = (NewAnonymousType) target;
9825 t.parameters = new List<AnonymousTypeParameter> (parameters.Count);
9826 foreach (AnonymousTypeParameter atp in parameters)
9827 t.parameters.Add ((AnonymousTypeParameter) atp.Clone (clonectx));
9830 AnonymousTypeClass CreateAnonymousType (ResolveContext ec, IList<AnonymousTypeParameter> parameters)
9832 AnonymousTypeClass type = parent.Module.Compiled.GetAnonymousType (parameters);
9836 type = AnonymousTypeClass.Create (ec.Compiler, parent, parameters, loc);
9843 if (ec.Report.Errors == 0)
9846 parent.Module.Compiled.AddAnonymousType (type);
9850 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9852 if (parameters == null)
9853 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
9855 var init = new ArrayInitializer (parameters.Count, loc);
9856 foreach (Property p in anonymous_type.Properties)
9857 init.Add (new TypeOfMethod (Import.CreateMethod (TypeBuilder.GetMethod (type, p.GetBuilder)), loc));
9859 var ctor_args = new ArrayInitializer (Arguments.Count, loc);
9860 foreach (Argument a in Arguments)
9861 ctor_args.Add (a.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
9863 Arguments args = new Arguments (3);
9864 args.Add (new Argument (method.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9865 args.Add (new Argument (new ArrayCreation (TypeManager.expression_type_expr, "[]", ctor_args, loc)));
9866 args.Add (new Argument (new ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation ("[]", init, loc)));
9868 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "New", args);
9871 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9873 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.ConstantScope)) {
9874 ec.Report.Error (836, loc, "Anonymous types cannot be used in this expression");
9878 if (parameters == null) {
9879 anonymous_type = CreateAnonymousType (ec, EmptyParameters);
9880 RequestedType = new TypeExpression (anonymous_type.TypeBuilder, loc);
9881 return base.DoResolve (ec);
9885 Arguments = new Arguments (parameters.Count);
9886 TypeExpression [] t_args = new TypeExpression [parameters.Count];
9887 for (int i = 0; i < parameters.Count; ++i) {
9888 Expression e = ((AnonymousTypeParameter) parameters [i]).Resolve (ec);
9894 Arguments.Add (new Argument (e));
9895 t_args [i] = new TypeExpression (e.Type, e.Location);
9901 anonymous_type = CreateAnonymousType (ec, parameters);
9902 if (anonymous_type == null)
9905 RequestedType = new GenericTypeExpr (anonymous_type.TypeBuilder, new TypeArguments (t_args), loc);
9906 return base.DoResolve (ec);
9910 public class AnonymousTypeParameter : ShimExpression
9912 public readonly string Name;
9914 public AnonymousTypeParameter (Expression initializer, string name, Location loc)
9915 : base (initializer)
9921 public AnonymousTypeParameter (Parameter parameter)
9922 : base (new SimpleName (parameter.Name, parameter.Location))
9924 this.Name = parameter.Name;
9925 this.loc = parameter.Location;
9928 public override bool Equals (object o)
9930 AnonymousTypeParameter other = o as AnonymousTypeParameter;
9931 return other != null && Name == other.Name;
9934 public override int GetHashCode ()
9936 return Name.GetHashCode ();
9939 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9941 Expression e = expr.Resolve (ec);
9945 if (e.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup) {
9946 Error_InvalidInitializer (ec, e.ExprClassName);
9951 if (type == TypeManager.void_type || type == TypeManager.null_type ||
9952 type == InternalType.AnonymousMethod || type.IsPointer) {
9953 Error_InvalidInitializer (ec, e.GetSignatureForError ());
9960 protected virtual void Error_InvalidInitializer (ResolveContext ec, string initializer)
9962 ec.Report.Error (828, loc, "An anonymous type property `{0}' cannot be initialized with `{1}'",