2 // expression.cs: Expression representation for the IL tree.
5 // Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com)
6 // Marek Safar (marek.safar@gmail.com)
8 // Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Ximian, Inc.
9 // Copyright 2003-2008 Novell, Inc.
10 // Copyright 2011 Xamarin Inc.
14 using System.Collections.Generic;
16 using SLE = System.Linq.Expressions;
19 using MetaType = IKVM.Reflection.Type;
20 using IKVM.Reflection;
21 using IKVM.Reflection.Emit;
23 using MetaType = System.Type;
24 using System.Reflection;
25 using System.Reflection.Emit;
31 // This is an user operator expression, automatically created during
34 public class UserOperatorCall : Expression {
35 protected readonly Arguments arguments;
36 protected readonly MethodSpec oper;
37 readonly Func<ResolveContext, Expression, Expression> expr_tree;
39 public UserOperatorCall (MethodSpec oper, Arguments args, Func<ResolveContext, Expression, Expression> expr_tree, Location loc)
42 this.arguments = args;
43 this.expr_tree = expr_tree;
45 type = oper.ReturnType;
46 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
50 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
52 return arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
55 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
57 if (expr_tree != null)
58 return expr_tree (ec, new TypeOfMethod (oper, loc));
60 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, arguments,
61 new NullLiteral (loc),
62 new TypeOfMethod (oper, loc));
64 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Call", args);
67 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext context, Expression target)
72 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
75 // We are born fully resolved
80 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
82 var call = new CallEmitter ();
83 call.EmitPredefined (ec, oper, arguments);
86 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
89 return base.MakeExpression (ctx);
91 return SLE.Expression.Call ((MethodInfo) oper.GetMetaInfo (), Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx));
96 public class ParenthesizedExpression : ShimExpression
98 public ParenthesizedExpression (Expression expr)
104 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
106 var res = expr.Resolve (ec);
107 var constant = res as Constant;
108 if (constant != null && constant.IsLiteral)
109 return Constant.CreateConstantFromValue (res.Type, constant.GetValue (), expr.Location);
114 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
116 return expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
119 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
121 return visitor.Visit (this);
126 // Unary implements unary expressions.
128 public class Unary : Expression
130 public enum Operator : byte {
131 UnaryPlus, UnaryNegation, LogicalNot, OnesComplement,
135 public readonly Operator Oper;
136 public Expression Expr;
137 Expression enum_conversion;
139 public Unary (Operator op, Expression expr, Location loc)
147 // This routine will attempt to simplify the unary expression when the
148 // argument is a constant.
150 Constant TryReduceConstant (ResolveContext ec, Constant constant)
154 while (e is EmptyConstantCast)
155 e = ((EmptyConstantCast) e).child;
157 if (e is SideEffectConstant) {
158 Constant r = TryReduceConstant (ec, ((SideEffectConstant) e).value);
159 return r == null ? null : new SideEffectConstant (r, e, r.Location);
162 TypeSpec expr_type = e.Type;
165 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
166 // Unary numeric promotions
167 switch (expr_type.BuiltinType) {
168 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
169 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ((ByteConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
170 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
171 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ((SByteConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
172 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
173 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ((ShortConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
174 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
175 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ((UShortConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
176 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
177 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ((CharConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
179 // Predefined operators
180 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
181 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
182 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
183 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
184 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
185 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double:
186 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal:
192 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
193 // Unary numeric promotions
194 switch (expr_type.BuiltinType) {
195 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
196 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((ByteConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
197 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
198 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((SByteConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
199 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
200 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((ShortConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
201 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
202 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((UShortConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
203 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
204 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((CharConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
206 // Predefined operators
207 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
208 int ivalue = ((IntConstant) e).Value;
209 if (ivalue == int.MinValue) {
210 if (ec.ConstantCheckState) {
211 ConstantFold.Error_CompileTimeOverflow (ec, loc);
216 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -ivalue, e.Location);
218 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
219 long lvalue = ((LongConstant) e).Value;
220 if (lvalue == long.MinValue) {
221 if (ec.ConstantCheckState) {
222 ConstantFold.Error_CompileTimeOverflow (ec, loc);
227 return new LongConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -lvalue, e.Location);
229 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
230 UIntLiteral uil = constant as UIntLiteral;
232 if (uil.Value == int.MaxValue + (uint) 1)
233 return new IntLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, int.MinValue, e.Location);
234 return new LongLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, -uil.Value, e.Location);
236 return new LongConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((UIntConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
239 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
240 ULongLiteral ull = constant as ULongLiteral;
241 if (ull != null && ull.Value == 9223372036854775808)
242 return new LongLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, long.MinValue, e.Location);
245 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
246 FloatLiteral fl = constant as FloatLiteral;
247 // For better error reporting
249 return new FloatLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, -fl.Value, e.Location);
251 return new FloatConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((FloatConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
253 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double:
254 DoubleLiteral dl = constant as DoubleLiteral;
255 // For better error reporting
257 return new DoubleLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, -dl.Value, e.Location);
259 return new DoubleConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((DoubleConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
261 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal:
262 return new DecimalConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((DecimalConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
267 case Operator.LogicalNot:
268 if (expr_type.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool)
271 bool b = (bool)e.GetValue ();
272 return new BoolConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, !b, e.Location);
274 case Operator.OnesComplement:
275 // Unary numeric promotions
276 switch (expr_type.BuiltinType) {
277 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
278 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((ByteConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
279 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
280 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((SByteConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
281 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
282 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((ShortConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
283 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
284 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((UShortConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
285 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
286 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((CharConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
288 // Predefined operators
289 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
290 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((IntConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
291 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
292 return new UIntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((UIntConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
293 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
294 return new LongConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((LongConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
295 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
296 return new ULongConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((ULongConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
298 if (e is EnumConstant) {
299 e = TryReduceConstant (ec, ((EnumConstant)e).Child);
301 e = new EnumConstant (e, expr_type);
306 throw new Exception ("Can not constant fold: " + Oper.ToString());
309 protected virtual Expression ResolveOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
311 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
313 TypeSpec expr_type = expr.Type;
314 Expression best_expr;
316 TypeSpec[] predefined = ec.BuiltinTypes.OperatorsUnary [(int) Oper];
319 // Primitive types first
321 if (BuiltinTypeSpec.IsPrimitiveType (expr_type)) {
322 best_expr = ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (ec, expr, predefined);
323 if (best_expr == null)
326 type = best_expr.Type;
332 // E operator ~(E x);
334 if (Oper == Operator.OnesComplement && expr_type.IsEnum)
335 return ResolveEnumOperator (ec, expr, predefined);
337 return ResolveUserType (ec, expr, predefined);
340 protected virtual Expression ResolveEnumOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr, TypeSpec[] predefined)
342 TypeSpec underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (expr.Type);
343 Expression best_expr = ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (ec, EmptyCast.Create (expr, underlying_type), predefined);
344 if (best_expr == null)
348 enum_conversion = Convert.ExplicitNumericConversion (ec, new EmptyExpression (best_expr.Type), underlying_type);
350 return EmptyCast.Create (this, type);
353 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
355 return Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
358 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
360 return CreateExpressionTree (ec, null);
363 Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec, Expression user_op)
367 case Operator.AddressOf:
368 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
370 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
371 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && user_op == null && !IsFloat (type))
372 method_name = "NegateChecked";
374 method_name = "Negate";
376 case Operator.OnesComplement:
377 case Operator.LogicalNot:
380 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
381 method_name = "UnaryPlus";
384 throw new InternalErrorException ("Unknown unary operator " + Oper.ToString ());
387 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
388 args.Add (new Argument (Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
390 args.Add (new Argument (user_op));
392 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, method_name, args);
395 public static TypeSpec[][] CreatePredefinedOperatorsTable (BuiltinTypes types)
397 var predefined_operators = new TypeSpec[(int) Operator.TOP][];
400 // 7.6.1 Unary plus operator
402 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.UnaryPlus] = new TypeSpec [] {
403 types.Int, types.UInt,
404 types.Long, types.ULong,
405 types.Float, types.Double,
410 // 7.6.2 Unary minus operator
412 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.UnaryNegation] = new TypeSpec [] {
413 types.Int, types.Long,
414 types.Float, types.Double,
419 // 7.6.3 Logical negation operator
421 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.LogicalNot] = new TypeSpec [] {
426 // 7.6.4 Bitwise complement operator
428 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.OnesComplement] = new TypeSpec [] {
429 types.Int, types.UInt,
430 types.Long, types.ULong
433 return predefined_operators;
437 // Unary numeric promotions
439 static Expression DoNumericPromotion (ResolveContext rc, Operator op, Expression expr)
441 TypeSpec expr_type = expr.Type;
442 if (op == Operator.UnaryPlus || op == Operator.UnaryNegation || op == Operator.OnesComplement) {
443 switch (expr_type.BuiltinType) {
444 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
445 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
446 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
447 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
448 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
449 return Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (expr, rc.BuiltinTypes.Int);
453 if (op == Operator.UnaryNegation && expr_type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt)
454 return Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (expr, rc.BuiltinTypes.Long);
459 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
461 if (Oper == Operator.AddressOf) {
462 return ResolveAddressOf (ec);
465 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
469 if (Expr.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
470 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
471 args.Add (new Argument (Expr));
472 return new DynamicUnaryConversion (GetOperatorExpressionTypeName (), args, loc).Resolve (ec);
475 if (Expr.Type.IsNullableType)
476 return new Nullable.LiftedUnaryOperator (Oper, Expr, loc).Resolve (ec);
479 // Attempt to use a constant folding operation.
481 Constant cexpr = Expr as Constant;
483 cexpr = TryReduceConstant (ec, cexpr);
488 Expression expr = ResolveOperator (ec, Expr);
490 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, loc, OperName (Oper), Expr.Type);
493 // Reduce unary operator on predefined types
495 if (expr == this && Oper == Operator.UnaryPlus)
501 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right)
506 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
508 EmitOperator (ec, type);
511 protected void EmitOperator (EmitContext ec, TypeSpec type)
514 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
518 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
519 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type)) {
520 if (ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
521 Expr = Expr.EmitToField (ec);
524 if (type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long)
525 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U8);
527 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf);
530 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Neg);
535 case Operator.LogicalNot:
538 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
541 case Operator.OnesComplement:
543 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Not);
546 case Operator.AddressOf:
547 ((IMemoryLocation)Expr).AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
551 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
556 // Same trick as in Binary expression
558 if (enum_conversion != null)
559 enum_conversion.Emit (ec);
562 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
564 if (Oper == Operator.LogicalNot)
565 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, !on_true);
567 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
570 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
572 Expr.EmitSideEffect (ec);
576 // Converts operator to System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionType enum name
578 string GetOperatorExpressionTypeName ()
581 case Operator.OnesComplement:
582 return "OnesComplement";
583 case Operator.LogicalNot:
585 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
587 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
590 throw new NotImplementedException ("Unknown express type operator " + Oper.ToString ());
594 static bool IsFloat (TypeSpec t)
596 return t.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double || t.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float;
600 // Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
602 public static string OperName (Operator oper)
605 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
607 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
609 case Operator.LogicalNot:
611 case Operator.OnesComplement:
613 case Operator.AddressOf:
617 throw new NotImplementedException (oper.ToString ());
620 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
622 var expr = Expr.MakeExpression (ctx);
623 bool is_checked = ctx.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.CheckedScope);
626 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
627 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.NegateChecked (expr) : SLE.Expression.Negate (expr);
628 case Operator.LogicalNot:
629 return SLE.Expression.Not (expr);
630 #if NET_4_0 || MONODROID
631 case Operator.OnesComplement:
632 return SLE.Expression.OnesComplement (expr);
635 throw new NotImplementedException (Oper.ToString ());
639 Expression ResolveAddressOf (ResolveContext ec)
642 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
644 Expr = Expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, EmptyExpression.UnaryAddress);
645 if (Expr == null || Expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable) {
646 ec.Report.Error (211, loc, "Cannot take the address of the given expression");
650 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Module, Expr.Type, loc)) {
654 IVariableReference vr = Expr as IVariableReference;
657 is_fixed = vr.IsFixed;
658 vr.SetHasAddressTaken ();
661 AnonymousMethodExpression.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (ec, vr, loc);
664 IFixedExpression fe = Expr as IFixedExpression;
665 is_fixed = fe != null && fe.IsFixed;
668 if (!is_fixed && !ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.FixedInitializerScope)) {
669 ec.Report.Error (212, loc, "You can only take the address of unfixed expression inside of a fixed statement initializer");
672 type = PointerContainer.MakeType (ec.Module, Expr.Type);
673 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
677 Expression ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (ResolveContext rc, Expression expr, TypeSpec[] predefined)
679 expr = DoNumericPromotion (rc, Oper, expr);
680 TypeSpec expr_type = expr.Type;
681 foreach (TypeSpec t in predefined) {
689 // Perform user-operator overload resolution
691 protected virtual Expression ResolveUserOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
693 CSharp.Operator.OpType op_type;
695 case Operator.LogicalNot:
696 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.LogicalNot; break;
697 case Operator.OnesComplement:
698 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.OnesComplement; break;
699 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
700 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.UnaryNegation; break;
701 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
702 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.UnaryPlus; break;
704 throw new InternalErrorException (Oper.ToString ());
707 var methods = MemberCache.GetUserOperator (expr.Type, op_type, false);
711 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
712 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
714 var res = new OverloadResolver (methods, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.BaseMembersIncluded | OverloadResolver.Restrictions.NoBaseMembers, loc);
715 var oper = res.ResolveOperator (ec, ref args);
720 Expr = args [0].Expr;
721 return new UserOperatorCall (oper, args, CreateExpressionTree, expr.Location);
725 // Unary user type overload resolution
727 Expression ResolveUserType (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr, TypeSpec[] predefined)
729 Expression best_expr = ResolveUserOperator (ec, expr);
730 if (best_expr != null)
733 foreach (TypeSpec t in predefined) {
734 Expression oper_expr = Convert.ImplicitUserConversion (ec, expr, t, expr.Location);
735 if (oper_expr == null)
738 if (oper_expr == ErrorExpression.Instance)
742 // decimal type is predefined but has user-operators
744 if (oper_expr.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal)
745 oper_expr = ResolveUserType (ec, oper_expr, predefined);
747 oper_expr = ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (ec, oper_expr, predefined);
749 if (oper_expr == null)
752 if (best_expr == null) {
753 best_expr = oper_expr;
757 int result = OverloadResolver.BetterTypeConversion (ec, best_expr.Type, t);
759 if ((oper_expr is UserOperatorCall || oper_expr is UserCast) && (best_expr is UserOperatorCall || best_expr is UserCast)) {
760 ec.Report.Error (35, loc, "Operator `{0}' is ambiguous on an operand of type `{1}'",
761 OperName (Oper), expr.Type.GetSignatureForError ());
763 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, loc, OperName (Oper), expr.Type);
770 best_expr = oper_expr;
773 if (best_expr == null)
777 // HACK: Decimal user-operator is included in standard operators
779 if (best_expr.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal)
783 type = best_expr.Type;
787 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
789 Unary target = (Unary) t;
791 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
794 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
796 return visitor.Visit (this);
802 // Unary operators are turned into Indirection expressions
803 // after semantic analysis (this is so we can take the address
804 // of an indirection).
806 public class Indirection : Expression, IMemoryLocation, IAssignMethod, IFixedExpression {
808 LocalTemporary temporary;
811 public Indirection (Expression expr, Location l)
817 public Expression Expr {
823 public bool IsFixed {
827 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
829 Indirection target = (Indirection) t;
830 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
833 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
835 throw new NotImplementedException ();
838 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
840 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
844 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
849 ec.EmitLoadFromPtr (Type);
852 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
856 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
857 temporary = new LocalTemporary (expr.Type);
858 temporary.Store (ec);
862 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool isCompound)
864 prepared = isCompound;
869 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
873 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
874 temporary = new LocalTemporary (source.Type);
875 temporary.Store (ec);
878 ec.EmitStoreFromPtr (type);
880 if (temporary != null) {
882 temporary.Release (ec);
886 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
891 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
893 return DoResolve (ec);
896 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
898 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
903 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
905 var pc = expr.Type as PointerContainer;
908 ec.Report.Error (193, loc, "The * or -> operator must be applied to a pointer");
914 if (type.Kind == MemberKind.Void) {
915 Error_VoidPointerOperation (ec);
919 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
923 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
925 return visitor.Visit (this);
930 /// Unary Mutator expressions (pre and post ++ and --)
934 /// UnaryMutator implements ++ and -- expressions. It derives from
935 /// ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
936 /// operators can be used in a statement context.
938 /// FIXME: Idea, we could split this up in two classes, one simpler
939 /// for the common case, and one with the extra fields for more complex
940 /// classes (indexers require temporary access; overloaded require method)
943 public class UnaryMutator : ExpressionStatement
945 class DynamicPostMutator : Expression, IAssignMethod
950 public DynamicPostMutator (Expression expr)
953 this.type = expr.Type;
954 this.loc = expr.Location;
957 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
959 throw new NotImplementedException ("ET");
962 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
964 eclass = expr.eclass;
968 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
970 expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
971 return DoResolve (ec);
974 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
979 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
981 throw new NotImplementedException ();
985 // Emits target assignment using unmodified source value
987 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool isCompound)
990 // Allocate temporary variable to keep original value before it's modified
992 temp = new LocalTemporary (type);
996 ((IAssignMethod) expr).EmitAssign (ec, source, false, isCompound);
1007 public enum Mode : byte {
1014 PreDecrement = IsDecrement,
1015 PostIncrement = IsPost,
1016 PostDecrement = IsPost | IsDecrement
1020 bool is_expr, recurse;
1022 protected Expression expr;
1024 // Holds the real operation
1025 Expression operation;
1027 public UnaryMutator (Mode m, Expression e, Location loc)
1034 public Mode UnaryMutatorMode {
1040 public Expression Expr {
1046 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
1048 return expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
1051 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1053 return new SimpleAssign (this, this).CreateExpressionTree (ec);
1056 public static TypeSpec[] CreatePredefinedOperatorsTable (BuiltinTypes types)
1059 // Predefined ++ and -- operators exist for the following types:
1060 // sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char, float, double, decimal
1062 return new TypeSpec[] {
1078 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1080 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1085 if (expr.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
1087 // Handle postfix unary operators using local
1088 // temporary variable
1090 if ((mode & Mode.IsPost) != 0)
1091 expr = new DynamicPostMutator (expr);
1093 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
1094 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
1095 return new SimpleAssign (expr, new DynamicUnaryConversion (GetOperatorExpressionTypeName (), args, loc)).Resolve (ec);
1098 if (expr.Type.IsNullableType)
1099 return new Nullable.LiftedUnaryMutator (mode, expr, loc).Resolve (ec);
1101 return DoResolveOperation (ec);
1104 protected Expression DoResolveOperation (ResolveContext ec)
1106 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1109 if (expr is RuntimeValueExpression) {
1112 // Use itself at the top of the stack
1113 operation = new EmptyExpression (type);
1117 // The operand of the prefix/postfix increment decrement operators
1118 // should be an expression that is classified as a variable,
1119 // a property access or an indexer access
1121 // TODO: Move to parser, expr is ATypeNameExpression
1122 if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Variable || expr.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess || expr.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess) {
1123 expr = expr.ResolveLValue (ec, expr);
1125 ec.Report.Error (1059, loc, "The operand of an increment or decrement operator must be a variable, property or indexer");
1129 // Step 1: Try to find a user operator, it has priority over predefined ones
1131 var user_op = IsDecrement ? Operator.OpType.Decrement : Operator.OpType.Increment;
1132 var methods = MemberCache.GetUserOperator (type, user_op, false);
1134 if (methods != null) {
1135 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
1136 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
1138 var res = new OverloadResolver (methods, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.BaseMembersIncluded | OverloadResolver.Restrictions.NoBaseMembers, loc);
1139 var method = res.ResolveOperator (ec, ref args);
1143 args[0].Expr = operation;
1144 operation = new UserOperatorCall (method, args, null, loc);
1145 operation = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, operation, type, loc);
1150 // Step 2: Try predefined types
1153 Expression source = null;
1154 bool primitive_type;
1157 // Predefined without user conversion first for speed-up
1159 // Predefined ++ and -- operators exist for the following types:
1160 // sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char, float, double, decimal
1162 switch (type.BuiltinType) {
1163 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
1164 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
1165 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
1166 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
1167 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
1168 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
1169 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
1170 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
1171 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
1172 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
1173 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double:
1174 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal:
1176 primitive_type = true;
1179 primitive_type = false;
1181 // ++/-- on pointer variables of all types except void*
1182 if (type.IsPointer) {
1183 if (((PointerContainer) type).Element.Kind == MemberKind.Void) {
1184 Error_VoidPointerOperation (ec);
1190 foreach (var t in ec.BuiltinTypes.OperatorsUnaryMutator) {
1191 source = Convert.ImplicitUserConversion (ec, operation, t, loc);
1193 // LAMESPEC: It should error on ambiguous operators but that would make us incompatible
1194 if (source != null) {
1200 // ++/-- on enum types
1201 if (source == null && type.IsEnum)
1204 if (source == null) {
1205 expr.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, loc, Operator.GetName (user_op), type);
1212 var one = new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, 1, loc);
1213 var op = IsDecrement ? Binary.Operator.Subtraction : Binary.Operator.Addition;
1214 operation = new Binary (op, source, one);
1215 operation = operation.Resolve (ec);
1216 if (operation == null)
1217 throw new NotImplementedException ("should not be reached");
1219 if (operation.Type != type) {
1221 operation = Convert.ExplicitNumericConversion (ec, operation, type);
1223 operation = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, operation, type, loc);
1229 void EmitCode (EmitContext ec, bool is_expr)
1232 this.is_expr = is_expr;
1233 ((IAssignMethod) expr).EmitAssign (ec, this, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PreDecrement), true);
1236 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1239 // We use recurse to allow ourselfs to be the source
1240 // of an assignment. This little hack prevents us from
1241 // having to allocate another expression
1244 ((IAssignMethod) expr).Emit (ec, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PostIncrement || mode == Mode.PostDecrement));
1252 EmitCode (ec, true);
1255 protected virtual void EmitOperation (EmitContext ec)
1257 operation.Emit (ec);
1260 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
1262 EmitCode (ec, false);
1266 // Converts operator to System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionType enum name
1268 string GetOperatorExpressionTypeName ()
1270 return IsDecrement ? "Decrement" : "Increment";
1274 get { return (mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0; }
1278 #if NET_4_0 || MONODROID
1279 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
1281 var target = ((RuntimeValueExpression) expr).MetaObject.Expression;
1282 var source = SLE.Expression.Convert (operation.MakeExpression (ctx), target.Type);
1283 return SLE.Expression.Assign (target, source);
1287 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1289 UnaryMutator target = (UnaryMutator) t;
1291 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1294 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
1296 return visitor.Visit (this);
1302 // Base class for the `is' and `as' operators
1304 public abstract class Probe : Expression
1306 public Expression ProbeType;
1307 protected Expression expr;
1308 protected TypeSpec probe_type_expr;
1310 public Probe (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1312 ProbeType = probe_type;
1317 public Expression Expr {
1323 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
1325 return expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
1328 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1330 probe_type_expr = ProbeType.ResolveAsType (ec);
1331 if (probe_type_expr == null)
1334 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1338 if (probe_type_expr.IsStatic) {
1339 ec.Report.Error (-244, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to an operand of a static type",
1343 if (expr.Type.IsPointer || probe_type_expr.IsPointer) {
1344 ec.Report.Error (244, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to an operand of pointer type",
1349 if (expr.Type == InternalType.AnonymousMethod) {
1350 ec.Report.Error (837, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to a lambda expression or anonymous method",
1358 protected abstract string OperatorName { get; }
1360 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1362 Probe target = (Probe) t;
1364 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1365 target.ProbeType = ProbeType.Clone (clonectx);
1371 /// Implementation of the `is' operator.
1373 public class Is : Probe
1375 Nullable.Unwrap expr_unwrap;
1377 public Is (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1378 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1382 protected override string OperatorName {
1383 get { return "is"; }
1386 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1388 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, null,
1389 expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec),
1390 new TypeOf (probe_type_expr, loc));
1392 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "TypeIs", args);
1395 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1397 if (expr_unwrap != null) {
1398 expr_unwrap.EmitCheck (ec);
1404 // Only to make verifier happy
1405 if (probe_type_expr.IsGenericParameter && TypeSpec.IsValueType (expr.Type))
1406 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Box, expr.Type);
1408 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type_expr);
1410 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
1413 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
1415 if (expr_unwrap != null) {
1416 expr_unwrap.EmitCheck (ec);
1419 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type_expr);
1421 ec.Emit (on_true ? OpCodes.Brtrue : OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
1424 Expression CreateConstantResult (ResolveContext ec, bool result)
1427 ec.Report.Warning (183, 1, loc, "The given expression is always of the provided (`{0}') type",
1428 TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type_expr));
1430 ec.Report.Warning (184, 1, loc, "The given expression is never of the provided (`{0}') type",
1431 TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type_expr));
1433 return ReducedExpression.Create (new BoolConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, result, loc), this);
1436 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1438 if (base.DoResolve (ec) == null)
1441 TypeSpec d = expr.Type;
1442 bool d_is_nullable = false;
1445 // If E is a method group or the null literal, or if the type of E is a reference
1446 // type or a nullable type and the value of E is null, the result is false
1448 if (expr.IsNull || expr.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup)
1449 return CreateConstantResult (ec, false);
1451 if (d.IsNullableType) {
1452 var ut = Nullable.NullableInfo.GetUnderlyingType (d);
1453 if (!ut.IsGenericParameter) {
1455 d_is_nullable = true;
1459 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Bool;
1460 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1461 TypeSpec t = probe_type_expr;
1462 bool t_is_nullable = false;
1463 if (t.IsNullableType) {
1464 var ut = Nullable.NullableInfo.GetUnderlyingType (t);
1465 if (!ut.IsGenericParameter) {
1467 t_is_nullable = true;
1474 // D and T are the same value types but D can be null
1476 if (d_is_nullable && !t_is_nullable) {
1477 expr_unwrap = Nullable.Unwrap.Create (expr, false);
1482 // The result is true if D and T are the same value types
1484 return CreateConstantResult (ec, true);
1487 var tp = d as TypeParameterSpec;
1489 return ResolveGenericParameter (ec, t, tp);
1492 // An unboxing conversion exists
1494 if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (d, t))
1497 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (t))
1498 return ResolveGenericParameter (ec, d, (TypeParameterSpec) t);
1500 if (t.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
1501 ec.Report.Warning (1981, 3, loc,
1502 "Using `{0}' to test compatibility with `{1}' is identical to testing compatibility with `object'",
1503 OperatorName, t.GetSignatureForError ());
1506 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (d))
1507 return ResolveGenericParameter (ec, t, (TypeParameterSpec) d);
1509 if (TypeSpec.IsValueType (d)) {
1510 if (Convert.ImplicitBoxingConversion (null, d, t) != null) {
1511 if (d_is_nullable && !t_is_nullable) {
1512 expr_unwrap = Nullable.Unwrap.Create (expr, false);
1516 return CreateConstantResult (ec, true);
1519 if (Convert.ImplicitReferenceConversionExists (d, t)) {
1521 // Do not optimize for imported type
1523 if (d.MemberDefinition.IsImported && d.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.None)
1527 // Turn is check into simple null check for implicitly convertible reference types
1529 return ReducedExpression.Create (
1530 new Binary (Binary.Operator.Inequality, expr, new NullLiteral (loc)).Resolve (ec),
1534 if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (d, t)) {
1540 return CreateConstantResult (ec, false);
1543 Expression ResolveGenericParameter (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec d, TypeParameterSpec t)
1545 if (t.IsReferenceType) {
1547 return CreateConstantResult (ec, false);
1550 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (expr.Type)) {
1551 if (expr.Type == d && TypeSpec.IsValueType (t))
1552 return CreateConstantResult (ec, true);
1554 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, d);
1560 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
1562 return visitor.Visit (this);
1567 /// Implementation of the `as' operator.
1569 public class As : Probe {
1570 Expression resolved_type;
1572 public As (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1573 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1577 protected override string OperatorName {
1578 get { return "as"; }
1581 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1583 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, null,
1584 expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec),
1585 new TypeOf (probe_type_expr, loc));
1587 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "TypeAs", args);
1590 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1594 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, type);
1596 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (type) || type.IsNullableType)
1597 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Unbox_Any, type);
1600 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1602 if (resolved_type == null) {
1603 resolved_type = base.DoResolve (ec);
1605 if (resolved_type == null)
1609 type = probe_type_expr;
1610 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1611 TypeSpec etype = expr.Type;
1613 if (!TypeSpec.IsReferenceType (type) && !type.IsNullableType) {
1614 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (type)) {
1615 ec.Report.Error (413, loc,
1616 "The `as' operator cannot be used with a non-reference type parameter `{0}'. Consider adding `class' or a reference type constraint",
1617 probe_type_expr.GetSignatureForError ());
1619 ec.Report.Error (77, loc,
1620 "The `as' operator cannot be used with a non-nullable value type `{0}'",
1621 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1626 if (expr.IsNull && type.IsNullableType) {
1627 return Nullable.LiftedNull.CreateFromExpression (ec, this);
1630 // If the compile-time type of E is dynamic, unlike the cast operator the as operator is not dynamically bound
1631 if (etype.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
1635 Expression e = Convert.ImplicitConversionStandard (ec, expr, type, loc);
1637 e = EmptyCast.Create (e, type);
1638 return ReducedExpression.Create (e, this).Resolve (ec);
1641 if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (etype, type)){
1642 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (etype))
1643 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, etype);
1648 if (InflatedTypeSpec.ContainsTypeParameter (etype) || InflatedTypeSpec.ContainsTypeParameter (type)) {
1649 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, etype);
1653 ec.Report.Error (39, loc, "Cannot convert type `{0}' to `{1}' via a built-in conversion",
1654 TypeManager.CSharpName (etype), TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1659 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
1661 return visitor.Visit (this);
1666 // This represents a typecast in the source language.
1668 public class Cast : ShimExpression {
1669 Expression target_type;
1671 public Cast (Expression cast_type, Expression expr, Location loc)
1674 this.target_type = cast_type;
1678 public Expression TargetType {
1679 get { return target_type; }
1682 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1684 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1688 type = target_type.ResolveAsType (ec);
1692 if (type.IsStatic) {
1693 ec.Report.Error (716, loc, "Cannot convert to static type `{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1697 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.IsUnsafe) {
1698 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
1701 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1703 Constant c = expr as Constant;
1705 c = c.TryReduce (ec, type);
1710 var res = Convert.ExplicitConversion (ec, expr, type, loc);
1712 return EmptyCast.Create (res, type);
1717 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1719 Cast target = (Cast) t;
1721 target.target_type = target_type.Clone (clonectx);
1722 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1725 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
1727 return visitor.Visit (this);
1731 public class ImplicitCast : ShimExpression
1735 public ImplicitCast (Expression expr, TypeSpec target, bool arrayAccess)
1738 this.loc = expr.Location;
1740 this.arrayAccess = arrayAccess;
1743 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1745 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1750 expr = ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex (ec, expr);
1752 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, expr, type, loc);
1759 // C# 2.0 Default value expression
1761 public class DefaultValueExpression : Expression
1765 public DefaultValueExpression (Expression expr, Location loc)
1771 public Expression Expr {
1777 public override bool IsSideEffectFree {
1783 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
1788 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1790 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
1791 args.Add (new Argument (this));
1792 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (type, loc)));
1793 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
1796 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1798 type = expr.ResolveAsType (ec);
1802 if (type.IsStatic) {
1803 ec.Report.Error (-244, loc, "The `default value' operator cannot be applied to an operand of a static type");
1807 return new NullLiteral (Location).ConvertImplicitly (type);
1809 if (TypeSpec.IsReferenceType (type))
1810 return new NullConstant (type, loc);
1812 Constant c = New.Constantify (type, expr.Location);
1816 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
1820 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1822 LocalTemporary temp_storage = new LocalTemporary(type);
1824 temp_storage.AddressOf(ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
1825 ec.Emit(OpCodes.Initobj, type);
1826 temp_storage.Emit(ec);
1827 temp_storage.Release (ec);
1830 #if (NET_4_0 || MONODROID) && !STATIC
1831 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
1833 return SLE.Expression.Default (type.GetMetaInfo ());
1837 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1839 DefaultValueExpression target = (DefaultValueExpression) t;
1841 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1844 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
1846 return visitor.Visit (this);
1851 /// Binary operators
1853 public class Binary : Expression, IDynamicBinder
1855 public class PredefinedOperator
1857 protected readonly TypeSpec left;
1858 protected readonly TypeSpec right;
1859 public readonly Operator OperatorsMask;
1860 public TypeSpec ReturnType;
1862 public PredefinedOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask)
1863 : this (ltype, rtype, op_mask, ltype)
1867 public PredefinedOperator (TypeSpec type, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec return_type)
1868 : this (type, type, op_mask, return_type)
1872 public PredefinedOperator (TypeSpec type, Operator op_mask)
1873 : this (type, type, op_mask, type)
1877 public PredefinedOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec return_type)
1879 if ((op_mask & Operator.ValuesOnlyMask) != 0)
1880 throw new InternalErrorException ("Only masked values can be used");
1884 this.OperatorsMask = op_mask;
1885 this.ReturnType = return_type;
1888 public virtual Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
1890 b.type = ReturnType;
1892 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
1893 b.right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, right, b.right.Location);
1896 // A user operators does not support multiple user conversions, but decimal type
1897 // is considered to be predefined type therefore we apply predefined operators rules
1898 // and then look for decimal user-operator implementation
1900 if (left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal)
1901 return b.ResolveUserOperator (ec, b.left, b.right);
1903 var c = b.right as Constant;
1905 if (c.IsDefaultValue && (b.oper == Operator.Addition || b.oper == Operator.Subtraction || (b.oper == Operator.BitwiseOr && !(b is Nullable.LiftedBinaryOperator))))
1906 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.left, b).Resolve (ec);
1907 if ((b.oper == Operator.Multiply || b.oper == Operator.Division) && c.IsOneInteger)
1908 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.left, b).Resolve (ec);
1912 c = b.left as Constant;
1914 if (c.IsDefaultValue && (b.oper == Operator.Addition || (b.oper == Operator.BitwiseOr && !(b is Nullable.LiftedBinaryOperator))))
1915 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.right, b).Resolve (ec);
1916 if (b.oper == Operator.Multiply && c.IsOneInteger)
1917 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.right, b).Resolve (ec);
1924 public bool IsPrimitiveApplicable (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype)
1927 // We are dealing with primitive types only
1929 return left == ltype && ltype == rtype;
1932 public virtual bool IsApplicable (ResolveContext ec, Expression lexpr, Expression rexpr)
1935 if (left == lexpr.Type && right == rexpr.Type)
1938 return Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, lexpr, left) &&
1939 Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, rexpr, right);
1942 public PredefinedOperator ResolveBetterOperator (ResolveContext ec, PredefinedOperator best_operator)
1945 if (left != null && best_operator.left != null) {
1946 result = OverloadResolver.BetterTypeConversion (ec, best_operator.left, left);
1950 // When second argument is same as the first one, the result is same
1952 if (right != null && (left != right || best_operator.left != best_operator.right)) {
1953 result |= OverloadResolver.BetterTypeConversion (ec, best_operator.right, right);
1956 if (result == 0 || result > 2)
1959 return result == 1 ? best_operator : this;
1963 sealed class PredefinedStringOperator : PredefinedOperator
1965 public PredefinedStringOperator (TypeSpec type, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec retType)
1966 : base (type, type, op_mask, retType)
1970 public PredefinedStringOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec retType)
1971 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask, retType)
1975 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
1978 // Use original expression for nullable arguments
1980 Nullable.Unwrap unwrap = b.left as Nullable.Unwrap;
1982 b.left = unwrap.Original;
1984 unwrap = b.right as Nullable.Unwrap;
1986 b.right = unwrap.Original;
1988 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
1989 b.right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, right, b.right.Location);
1992 // Start a new concat expression using converted expression
1994 return StringConcat.Create (ec, b.left, b.right, b.loc);
1998 sealed class PredefinedShiftOperator : PredefinedOperator
2000 public PredefinedShiftOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask)
2001 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask)
2005 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
2007 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
2009 Expression expr_tree_expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, right, b.right.Location);
2011 int right_mask = left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int || left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt ? 0x1f : 0x3f;
2014 // b = b.left >> b.right & (0x1f|0x3f)
2016 b.right = new Binary (Operator.BitwiseAnd,
2017 b.right, new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, right_mask, b.right.Location)).Resolve (ec);
2020 // Expression tree representation does not use & mask
2022 b.right = ReducedExpression.Create (b.right, expr_tree_expr).Resolve (ec);
2023 b.type = ReturnType;
2026 // Optimize shift by 0
2028 var c = b.right as Constant;
2029 if (c != null && c.IsDefaultValue)
2030 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.left, b).Resolve (ec);
2036 sealed class PredefinedEqualityOperator : PredefinedOperator
2038 MethodSpec equal_method, inequal_method;
2040 public PredefinedEqualityOperator (TypeSpec arg, TypeSpec retType)
2041 : base (arg, arg, Operator.EqualityMask, retType)
2045 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
2047 b.type = ReturnType;
2049 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
2050 b.right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, right, b.right.Location);
2052 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
2053 args.Add (new Argument (b.left));
2054 args.Add (new Argument (b.right));
2057 if (b.oper == Operator.Equality) {
2058 if (equal_method == null) {
2059 if (left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.String)
2060 equal_method = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.StringEqual.Resolve (b.loc);
2061 else if (left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Delegate)
2062 equal_method = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.DelegateEqual.Resolve (b.loc);
2064 throw new NotImplementedException (left.GetSignatureForError ());
2067 method = equal_method;
2069 if (inequal_method == null) {
2070 if (left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.String)
2071 inequal_method = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.StringInequal.Resolve (b.loc);
2072 else if (left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Delegate)
2073 inequal_method = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.DelegateInequal.Resolve (b.loc);
2075 throw new NotImplementedException (left.GetSignatureForError ());
2078 method = inequal_method;
2081 return new UserOperatorCall (method, args, b.CreateExpressionTree, b.loc);
2085 class PredefinedPointerOperator : PredefinedOperator
2087 public PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask)
2088 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask)
2092 public PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec retType)
2093 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask, retType)
2097 public PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeSpec type, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec return_type)
2098 : base (type, op_mask, return_type)
2102 public override bool IsApplicable (ResolveContext ec, Expression lexpr, Expression rexpr)
2105 if (!lexpr.Type.IsPointer)
2108 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, lexpr, left))
2112 if (right == null) {
2113 if (!rexpr.Type.IsPointer)
2116 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, rexpr, right))
2123 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
2126 b.left = EmptyCast.Create (b.left, left);
2127 } else if (right != null) {
2128 b.right = EmptyCast.Create (b.right, right);
2131 TypeSpec r_type = ReturnType;
2132 Expression left_arg, right_arg;
2133 if (r_type == null) {
2136 right_arg = b.right;
2137 r_type = b.left.Type;
2141 r_type = b.right.Type;
2145 right_arg = b.right;
2148 return new PointerArithmetic (b.oper, left_arg, right_arg, r_type, b.loc).Resolve (ec);
2153 public enum Operator {
2154 Multiply = 0 | ArithmeticMask,
2155 Division = 1 | ArithmeticMask,
2156 Modulus = 2 | ArithmeticMask,
2157 Addition = 3 | ArithmeticMask | AdditionMask,
2158 Subtraction = 4 | ArithmeticMask | SubtractionMask,
2160 LeftShift = 5 | ShiftMask,
2161 RightShift = 6 | ShiftMask,
2163 LessThan = 7 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
2164 GreaterThan = 8 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
2165 LessThanOrEqual = 9 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
2166 GreaterThanOrEqual = 10 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
2167 Equality = 11 | ComparisonMask | EqualityMask,
2168 Inequality = 12 | ComparisonMask | EqualityMask,
2170 BitwiseAnd = 13 | BitwiseMask,
2171 ExclusiveOr = 14 | BitwiseMask,
2172 BitwiseOr = 15 | BitwiseMask,
2174 LogicalAnd = 16 | LogicalMask,
2175 LogicalOr = 17 | LogicalMask,
2180 ValuesOnlyMask = ArithmeticMask - 1,
2181 ArithmeticMask = 1 << 5,
2183 ComparisonMask = 1 << 7,
2184 EqualityMask = 1 << 8,
2185 BitwiseMask = 1 << 9,
2186 LogicalMask = 1 << 10,
2187 AdditionMask = 1 << 11,
2188 SubtractionMask = 1 << 12,
2189 RelationalMask = 1 << 13
2192 protected enum State
2196 LeftNullLifted = 1 << 2,
2197 RightNullLifted = 1 << 3
2200 readonly Operator oper;
2201 protected Expression left, right;
2202 protected State state;
2203 Expression enum_conversion;
2205 public Binary (Operator oper, Expression left, Expression right, bool isCompound)
2206 : this (oper, left, right)
2209 state |= State.Compound;
2212 public Binary (Operator oper, Expression left, Expression right)
2217 this.loc = left.Location;
2222 public bool IsCompound {
2224 return (state & State.Compound) != 0;
2228 public Operator Oper {
2234 public Expression Left {
2240 public Expression Right {
2249 /// Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
2251 string OperName (Operator oper)
2255 case Operator.Multiply:
2258 case Operator.Division:
2261 case Operator.Modulus:
2264 case Operator.Addition:
2267 case Operator.Subtraction:
2270 case Operator.LeftShift:
2273 case Operator.RightShift:
2276 case Operator.LessThan:
2279 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2282 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2285 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2288 case Operator.Equality:
2291 case Operator.Inequality:
2294 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2297 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2300 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2303 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2306 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2310 s = oper.ToString ();
2320 public static void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right, Operator oper, Location loc)
2322 new Binary (oper, left, right).Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left, right);
2325 public static void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right, string oper, Location loc)
2327 if (left.Type == InternalType.ErrorType || right.Type == InternalType.ErrorType)
2331 l = TypeManager.CSharpName (left.Type);
2332 r = TypeManager.CSharpName (right.Type);
2334 ec.Report.Error (19, loc, "Operator `{0}' cannot be applied to operands of type `{1}' and `{2}'",
2338 protected void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right)
2340 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left, right, OperName (oper), loc);
2344 // Converts operator to System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionType enum name
2346 string GetOperatorExpressionTypeName ()
2349 case Operator.Addition:
2350 return IsCompound ? "AddAssign" : "Add";
2351 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2352 return IsCompound ? "AndAssign" : "And";
2353 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2354 return IsCompound ? "OrAssign" : "Or";
2355 case Operator.Division:
2356 return IsCompound ? "DivideAssign" : "Divide";
2357 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2358 return IsCompound ? "ExclusiveOrAssign" : "ExclusiveOr";
2359 case Operator.Equality:
2361 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2362 return "GreaterThan";
2363 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2364 return "GreaterThanOrEqual";
2365 case Operator.Inequality:
2367 case Operator.LeftShift:
2368 return IsCompound ? "LeftShiftAssign" : "LeftShift";
2369 case Operator.LessThan:
2371 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2372 return "LessThanOrEqual";
2373 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2375 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2377 case Operator.Modulus:
2378 return IsCompound ? "ModuloAssign" : "Modulo";
2379 case Operator.Multiply:
2380 return IsCompound ? "MultiplyAssign" : "Multiply";
2381 case Operator.RightShift:
2382 return IsCompound ? "RightShiftAssign" : "RightShift";
2383 case Operator.Subtraction:
2384 return IsCompound ? "SubtractAssign" : "Subtract";
2386 throw new NotImplementedException ("Unknown expression type operator " + oper.ToString ());
2390 static CSharp.Operator.OpType ConvertBinaryToUserOperator (Operator op)
2393 case Operator.Addition:
2394 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Addition;
2395 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2396 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2397 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.BitwiseAnd;
2398 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2399 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2400 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.BitwiseOr;
2401 case Operator.Division:
2402 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Division;
2403 case Operator.Equality:
2404 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Equality;
2405 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2406 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.ExclusiveOr;
2407 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2408 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.GreaterThan;
2409 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2410 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.GreaterThanOrEqual;
2411 case Operator.Inequality:
2412 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Inequality;
2413 case Operator.LeftShift:
2414 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.LeftShift;
2415 case Operator.LessThan:
2416 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.LessThan;
2417 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2418 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.LessThanOrEqual;
2419 case Operator.Modulus:
2420 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Modulus;
2421 case Operator.Multiply:
2422 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Multiply;
2423 case Operator.RightShift:
2424 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.RightShift;
2425 case Operator.Subtraction:
2426 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Subtraction;
2428 throw new InternalErrorException (op.ToString ());
2432 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
2434 return left.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || right.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
2437 public static void EmitOperatorOpcode (EmitContext ec, Operator oper, TypeSpec l)
2442 case Operator.Multiply:
2443 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
2444 if (l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int || l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long)
2445 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf;
2446 else if (!IsFloat (l))
2447 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un;
2449 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2451 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2455 case Operator.Division:
2457 opcode = OpCodes.Div_Un;
2459 opcode = OpCodes.Div;
2462 case Operator.Modulus:
2464 opcode = OpCodes.Rem_Un;
2466 opcode = OpCodes.Rem;
2469 case Operator.Addition:
2470 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
2471 if (l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int || l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long)
2472 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf;
2473 else if (!IsFloat (l))
2474 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf_Un;
2476 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
2478 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
2481 case Operator.Subtraction:
2482 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
2483 if (l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int || l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long)
2484 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf;
2485 else if (!IsFloat (l))
2486 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf_Un;
2488 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2490 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2493 case Operator.RightShift:
2495 opcode = OpCodes.Shr_Un;
2497 opcode = OpCodes.Shr;
2500 case Operator.LeftShift:
2501 opcode = OpCodes.Shl;
2504 case Operator.Equality:
2505 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2508 case Operator.Inequality:
2509 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
2512 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2515 case Operator.LessThan:
2517 opcode = OpCodes.Clt_Un;
2519 opcode = OpCodes.Clt;
2522 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2524 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt_Un;
2526 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt;
2529 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2530 if (IsUnsigned (l) || IsFloat (l))
2531 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
2533 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt);
2536 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2539 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2540 if (IsUnsigned (l) || IsFloat (l))
2541 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Clt_Un);
2543 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Clt);
2547 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2550 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2551 opcode = OpCodes.Or;
2554 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2555 opcode = OpCodes.And;
2558 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2559 opcode = OpCodes.Xor;
2563 throw new InternalErrorException (oper.ToString ());
2569 static bool IsUnsigned (TypeSpec t)
2571 switch (t.BuiltinType) {
2572 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
2573 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
2574 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
2575 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
2576 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
2583 static bool IsFloat (TypeSpec t)
2585 return t.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float || t.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double;
2588 Expression ResolveOperator (ResolveContext ec)
2590 TypeSpec l = left.Type;
2591 TypeSpec r = right.Type;
2593 bool primitives_only = false;
2596 // Handles predefined primitive types
2598 if (BuiltinTypeSpec.IsPrimitiveType (l) && BuiltinTypeSpec.IsPrimitiveType (r)) {
2599 if ((oper & Operator.ShiftMask) == 0) {
2600 if (l.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool && !DoBinaryOperatorPromotion (ec))
2603 primitives_only = true;
2607 if (l.IsPointer || r.IsPointer)
2608 return ResolveOperatorPointer (ec, l, r);
2611 bool lenum = l.IsEnum;
2612 bool renum = r.IsEnum;
2613 if (lenum || renum) {
2614 expr = ResolveOperatorEnum (ec, lenum, renum, l, r);
2621 if ((oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction) && (l.IsDelegate || r.IsDelegate)) {
2623 expr = ResolveOperatorDelegate (ec, l, r);
2625 // TODO: Can this be ambiguous
2631 expr = ResolveUserOperator (ec, left, right);
2635 // Predefined reference types equality
2636 if ((oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0) {
2637 expr = ResolveOperatorEquality (ec, l, r);
2643 return ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, ec.BuiltinTypes.OperatorsBinaryStandard, primitives_only, null);
2646 // at least one of 'left' or 'right' is an enumeration constant (EnumConstant or SideEffectConstant or ...)
2647 // if 'left' is not an enumeration constant, create one from the type of 'right'
2648 Constant EnumLiftUp (ResolveContext ec, Constant left, Constant right, Location loc)
2651 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2652 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2653 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2654 case Operator.Equality:
2655 case Operator.Inequality:
2656 case Operator.LessThan:
2657 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2658 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2659 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2660 if (left.Type.IsEnum)
2663 if (left.IsZeroInteger)
2664 return left.TryReduce (ec, right.Type);
2668 case Operator.Addition:
2669 case Operator.Subtraction:
2672 case Operator.Multiply:
2673 case Operator.Division:
2674 case Operator.Modulus:
2675 case Operator.LeftShift:
2676 case Operator.RightShift:
2677 if (right.Type.IsEnum || left.Type.IsEnum)
2686 // The `|' operator used on types which were extended is dangerous
2688 void CheckBitwiseOrOnSignExtended (ResolveContext ec)
2690 OpcodeCast lcast = left as OpcodeCast;
2691 if (lcast != null) {
2692 if (IsUnsigned (lcast.UnderlyingType))
2696 OpcodeCast rcast = right as OpcodeCast;
2697 if (rcast != null) {
2698 if (IsUnsigned (rcast.UnderlyingType))
2702 if (lcast == null && rcast == null)
2705 // FIXME: consider constants
2707 ec.Report.Warning (675, 3, loc,
2708 "The operator `|' used on the sign-extended type `{0}'. Consider casting to a smaller unsigned type first",
2709 TypeManager.CSharpName (lcast != null ? lcast.UnderlyingType : rcast.UnderlyingType));
2712 public static PredefinedOperator[] CreatePointerOperatorsTable (BuiltinTypes types)
2714 return new PredefinedOperator[] {
2716 // Pointer arithmetic:
2718 // T* operator + (T* x, int y); T* operator - (T* x, int y);
2719 // T* operator + (T* x, uint y); T* operator - (T* x, uint y);
2720 // T* operator + (T* x, long y); T* operator - (T* x, long y);
2721 // T* operator + (T* x, ulong y); T* operator - (T* x, ulong y);
2723 new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, types.Int, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask),
2724 new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, types.UInt, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask),
2725 new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, types.Long, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask),
2726 new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, types.ULong, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask),
2729 // T* operator + (int y, T* x);
2730 // T* operator + (uint y, T *x);
2731 // T* operator + (long y, T *x);
2732 // T* operator + (ulong y, T *x);
2734 new PredefinedPointerOperator (types.Int, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null),
2735 new PredefinedPointerOperator (types.UInt, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null),
2736 new PredefinedPointerOperator (types.Long, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null),
2737 new PredefinedPointerOperator (types.ULong, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null),
2740 // long operator - (T* x, T *y)
2742 new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, Operator.SubtractionMask, types.Long)
2746 public static PredefinedOperator[] CreateStandardOperatorsTable (BuiltinTypes types)
2748 TypeSpec bool_type = types.Bool;
2749 return new PredefinedOperator[] {
2750 new PredefinedOperator (types.Int, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask),
2751 new PredefinedOperator (types.UInt, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask),
2752 new PredefinedOperator (types.Long, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask),
2753 new PredefinedOperator (types.ULong, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask),
2754 new PredefinedOperator (types.Float, Operator.ArithmeticMask),
2755 new PredefinedOperator (types.Double, Operator.ArithmeticMask),
2756 new PredefinedOperator (types.Decimal, Operator.ArithmeticMask),
2758 new PredefinedOperator (types.Int, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2759 new PredefinedOperator (types.UInt, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2760 new PredefinedOperator (types.Long, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2761 new PredefinedOperator (types.ULong, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2762 new PredefinedOperator (types.Float, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2763 new PredefinedOperator (types.Double, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2764 new PredefinedOperator (types.Decimal, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2766 new PredefinedStringOperator (types.String, Operator.AdditionMask, types.String),
2767 new PredefinedStringOperator (types.String, types.Object, Operator.AdditionMask, types.String),
2768 new PredefinedStringOperator (types.Object, types.String, Operator.AdditionMask, types.String),
2770 new PredefinedOperator (bool_type, Operator.BitwiseMask | Operator.LogicalMask | Operator.EqualityMask, bool_type),
2772 new PredefinedShiftOperator (types.Int, types.Int, Operator.ShiftMask),
2773 new PredefinedShiftOperator (types.UInt, types.Int, Operator.ShiftMask),
2774 new PredefinedShiftOperator (types.Long, types.Int, Operator.ShiftMask),
2775 new PredefinedShiftOperator (types.ULong, types.Int, Operator.ShiftMask)
2779 public static PredefinedOperator[] CreateEqualityOperatorsTable (BuiltinTypes types)
2781 TypeSpec bool_type = types.Bool;
2783 return new PredefinedOperator[] {
2784 new PredefinedEqualityOperator (types.String, bool_type),
2785 new PredefinedEqualityOperator (types.Delegate, bool_type),
2786 new PredefinedOperator (bool_type, Operator.EqualityMask, bool_type)
2791 // Rules used during binary numeric promotion
2793 static bool DoNumericPromotion (ResolveContext rc, ref Expression prim_expr, ref Expression second_expr, TypeSpec type)
2797 Constant c = prim_expr as Constant;
2799 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (type);
2806 if (type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt) {
2807 switch (prim_expr.Type.BuiltinType) {
2808 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
2809 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
2810 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
2811 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
2812 type = rc.BuiltinTypes.Long;
2814 if (type != second_expr.Type) {
2815 c = second_expr as Constant;
2817 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (type);
2819 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (second_expr, type);
2826 } else if (type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong) {
2828 // A compile-time error occurs if the other operand is of type sbyte, short, int, or long
2830 switch (type.BuiltinType) {
2831 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
2832 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
2833 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
2834 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
2839 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (prim_expr, type);
2848 // 7.2.6.2 Binary numeric promotions
2850 public bool DoBinaryOperatorPromotion (ResolveContext ec)
2852 TypeSpec ltype = left.Type;
2853 TypeSpec rtype = right.Type;
2856 foreach (TypeSpec t in ec.BuiltinTypes.BinaryPromotionsTypes) {
2858 return t == rtype || DoNumericPromotion (ec, ref right, ref left, t);
2861 return t == ltype || DoNumericPromotion (ec, ref left, ref right, t);
2864 TypeSpec int32 = ec.BuiltinTypes.Int;
2865 if (ltype != int32) {
2866 Constant c = left as Constant;
2868 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (int32);
2870 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (left, int32);
2877 if (rtype != int32) {
2878 Constant c = right as Constant;
2880 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (int32);
2882 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (right, int32);
2892 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
2897 if ((oper == Operator.Subtraction) && (left is ParenthesizedExpression)) {
2898 left = ((ParenthesizedExpression) left).Expr;
2899 left = left.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type);
2903 if (left.eclass == ExprClass.Type) {
2904 ec.Report.Error (75, loc, "To cast a negative value, you must enclose the value in parentheses");
2908 left = left.Resolve (ec);
2913 Constant lc = left as Constant;
2915 if (lc != null && lc.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool &&
2916 ((oper == Operator.LogicalAnd && lc.IsDefaultValue) ||
2917 (oper == Operator.LogicalOr && !lc.IsDefaultValue))) {
2919 // FIXME: resolve right expression as unreachable
2920 // right.Resolve (ec);
2922 ec.Report.Warning (429, 4, loc, "Unreachable expression code detected");
2926 right = right.Resolve (ec);
2930 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
2931 Constant rc = right as Constant;
2933 // The conversion rules are ignored in enum context but why
2934 if (!ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.EnumScope) && lc != null && rc != null && (left.Type.IsEnum || right.Type.IsEnum)) {
2935 lc = EnumLiftUp (ec, lc, rc, loc);
2937 rc = EnumLiftUp (ec, rc, lc, loc);
2940 if (rc != null && lc != null) {
2941 int prev_e = ec.Report.Errors;
2942 Expression e = ConstantFold.BinaryFold (ec, oper, lc, rc, loc);
2943 if (e != null || ec.Report.Errors != prev_e)
2947 // Comparison warnings
2948 if ((oper & Operator.ComparisonMask) != 0) {
2949 if (left.Equals (right)) {
2950 ec.Report.Warning (1718, 3, loc, "A comparison made to same variable. Did you mean to compare something else?");
2952 CheckOutOfRangeComparison (ec, lc, right.Type);
2953 CheckOutOfRangeComparison (ec, rc, left.Type);
2956 if (left.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic || right.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
2958 var rt = right.Type;
2959 if (lt.Kind == MemberKind.Void || lt == InternalType.MethodGroup || lt == InternalType.AnonymousMethod ||
2960 rt.Kind == MemberKind.Void || rt == InternalType.MethodGroup || rt == InternalType.AnonymousMethod) {
2961 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left, right);
2968 // Special handling for logical boolean operators which require rhs not to be
2969 // evaluated based on lhs value
2971 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0) {
2972 Expression cond_left, cond_right, expr;
2974 args = new Arguments (2);
2976 if (lt.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
2977 LocalVariable temp = LocalVariable.CreateCompilerGenerated (lt, ec.CurrentBlock, loc);
2979 var cond_args = new Arguments (1);
2980 cond_args.Add (new Argument (new SimpleAssign (temp.CreateReferenceExpression (ec, loc), left).Resolve (ec)));
2983 // dynamic && bool => IsFalse (temp = left) ? temp : temp && right;
2984 // dynamic || bool => IsTrue (temp = left) ? temp : temp || right;
2986 left = temp.CreateReferenceExpression (ec, loc);
2987 if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
2988 expr = DynamicUnaryConversion.CreateIsFalse (ec, cond_args, loc);
2991 expr = DynamicUnaryConversion.CreateIsTrue (ec, cond_args, loc);
2995 args.Add (new Argument (left));
2996 args.Add (new Argument (right));
2997 cond_right = new DynamicExpressionStatement (this, args, loc);
2999 LocalVariable temp = LocalVariable.CreateCompilerGenerated (ec.BuiltinTypes.Bool, ec.CurrentBlock, loc);
3001 args.Add (new Argument (temp.CreateReferenceExpression (ec, loc).Resolve (ec)));
3002 args.Add (new Argument (right));
3003 right = new DynamicExpressionStatement (this, args, loc);
3006 // bool && dynamic => (temp = left) ? temp && right : temp;
3007 // bool || dynamic => (temp = left) ? temp : temp || right;
3009 if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
3011 cond_right = temp.CreateReferenceExpression (ec, loc);
3013 cond_left = temp.CreateReferenceExpression (ec, loc);
3017 expr = new BooleanExpression (new SimpleAssign (temp.CreateReferenceExpression (ec, loc), left));
3020 return new Conditional (expr, cond_left, cond_right, loc).Resolve (ec);
3023 args = new Arguments (2);
3024 args.Add (new Argument (left));
3025 args.Add (new Argument (right));
3026 return new DynamicExpressionStatement (this, args, loc).Resolve (ec);
3029 if (ec.Module.Compiler.Settings.Version >= LanguageVersion.ISO_2 &&
3030 ((left.Type.IsNullableType && (right is NullLiteral || right.Type.IsNullableType || TypeSpec.IsValueType (right.Type))) ||
3031 (TypeSpec.IsValueType (left.Type) && right is NullLiteral) ||
3032 (right.Type.IsNullableType && (left is NullLiteral || left.Type.IsNullableType || TypeSpec.IsValueType (left.Type))) ||
3033 (TypeSpec.IsValueType (right.Type) && left is NullLiteral))) {
3034 var lifted = new Nullable.LiftedBinaryOperator (oper, left, right);
3035 lifted.state = state;
3036 return lifted.Resolve (ec);
3039 return DoResolveCore (ec, left, right);
3042 protected Expression DoResolveCore (ResolveContext ec, Expression left_orig, Expression right_orig)
3044 Expression expr = ResolveOperator (ec);
3046 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left_orig, right_orig);
3048 if (left == null || right == null)
3049 throw new InternalErrorException ("Invalid conversion");
3051 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseOr)
3052 CheckBitwiseOrOnSignExtended (ec);
3057 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
3059 var le = left.MakeExpression (ctx);
3060 var re = right.MakeExpression (ctx);
3061 bool is_checked = ctx.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.CheckedScope);
3064 case Operator.Addition:
3065 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.AddChecked (le, re) : SLE.Expression.Add (le, re);
3066 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
3067 return SLE.Expression.And (le, re);
3068 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
3069 return SLE.Expression.Or (le, re);
3070 case Operator.Division:
3071 return SLE.Expression.Divide (le, re);
3072 case Operator.Equality:
3073 return SLE.Expression.Equal (le, re);
3074 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
3075 return SLE.Expression.ExclusiveOr (le, re);
3076 case Operator.GreaterThan:
3077 return SLE.Expression.GreaterThan (le, re);
3078 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
3079 return SLE.Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual (le, re);
3080 case Operator.Inequality:
3081 return SLE.Expression.NotEqual (le, re);
3082 case Operator.LeftShift:
3083 return SLE.Expression.LeftShift (le, re);
3084 case Operator.LessThan:
3085 return SLE.Expression.LessThan (le, re);
3086 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
3087 return SLE.Expression.LessThanOrEqual (le, re);
3088 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
3089 return SLE.Expression.AndAlso (le, re);
3090 case Operator.LogicalOr:
3091 return SLE.Expression.OrElse (le, re);
3092 case Operator.Modulus:
3093 return SLE.Expression.Modulo (le, re);
3094 case Operator.Multiply:
3095 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.MultiplyChecked (le, re) : SLE.Expression.Multiply (le, re);
3096 case Operator.RightShift:
3097 return SLE.Expression.RightShift (le, re);
3098 case Operator.Subtraction:
3099 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.SubtractChecked (le, re) : SLE.Expression.Subtract (le, re);
3101 throw new NotImplementedException (oper.ToString ());
3106 // D operator + (D x, D y)
3107 // D operator - (D x, D y)
3109 Expression ResolveOperatorDelegate (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec l, TypeSpec r)
3111 if (l != r && !TypeSpecComparer.Variant.IsEqual (r, l)) {
3113 if (right.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup || r == InternalType.AnonymousMethod || r == InternalType.NullLiteral) {
3114 tmp = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, right, l, loc);
3119 } else if (left.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup || (l == InternalType.AnonymousMethod || l == InternalType.NullLiteral)) {
3120 tmp = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, left, r, loc);
3130 MethodSpec method = null;
3131 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
3132 args.Add (new Argument (left));
3133 args.Add (new Argument (right));
3135 if (oper == Operator.Addition) {
3136 method = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.DelegateCombine.Resolve (loc);
3137 } else if (oper == Operator.Subtraction) {
3138 method = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.DelegateRemove.Resolve (loc);
3142 return new EmptyExpression (ec.BuiltinTypes.Decimal);
3144 MethodGroupExpr mg = MethodGroupExpr.CreatePredefined (method, ec.BuiltinTypes.Delegate, loc);
3145 Expression expr = new UserOperatorCall (mg.BestCandidate, args, CreateExpressionTree, loc);
3146 return new ClassCast (expr, l);
3150 // Enumeration operators
3152 Expression ResolveOperatorEnum (ResolveContext ec, bool lenum, bool renum, TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype)
3155 // bool operator == (E x, E y);
3156 // bool operator != (E x, E y);
3157 // bool operator < (E x, E y);
3158 // bool operator > (E x, E y);
3159 // bool operator <= (E x, E y);
3160 // bool operator >= (E x, E y);
3162 // E operator & (E x, E y);
3163 // E operator | (E x, E y);
3164 // E operator ^ (E x, E y);
3166 // U operator - (E e, E f)
3167 // E operator - (E e, U x)
3168 // E operator - (U x, E e) // LAMESPEC: Not covered by the specification
3170 // E operator + (E e, U x)
3171 // E operator + (U x, E e)
3173 Expression ltemp = left;
3174 Expression rtemp = right;
3175 TypeSpec underlying_type;
3176 TypeSpec underlying_type_result;
3181 // LAMESPEC: There is never ambiguous conversion between enum operators
3182 // the one which contains more enum parameters always wins even if there
3183 // is an implicit conversion involved
3185 if ((oper & (Operator.ComparisonMask | Operator.BitwiseMask)) != 0) {
3187 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (rtype);
3188 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, rtype, loc);
3195 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (ltype);
3196 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, ltype, loc);
3206 if ((oper & Operator.BitwiseMask) != 0) {
3208 underlying_type_result = underlying_type;
3211 underlying_type_result = null;
3213 } else if (oper == Operator.Subtraction) {
3215 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (rtype);
3216 if (ltype != rtype) {
3217 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, rtype, left.Location);
3219 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, underlying_type, left.Location);
3225 res_type = underlying_type;
3230 res_type = underlying_type;
3233 underlying_type_result = underlying_type;
3235 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (ltype);
3236 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, ltype, right.Location);
3237 if (expr == null || expr is EnumConstant) {
3238 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, underlying_type, right.Location);
3244 res_type = underlying_type;
3248 underlying_type_result = underlying_type;
3252 } else if (oper == Operator.Addition) {
3254 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (ltype);
3257 if (rtype != underlying_type && (state & (State.RightNullLifted | State.LeftNullLifted)) == 0) {
3258 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, underlying_type, right.Location);
3265 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (rtype);
3267 if (ltype != underlying_type) {
3268 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, underlying_type, left.Location);
3276 underlying_type_result = underlying_type;
3281 // Unwrap the constant correctly, so DoBinaryOperatorPromotion can do the magic
3282 // with constants and expressions
3283 if (left.Type != underlying_type) {
3284 if (left is Constant)
3285 left = ((Constant) left).ConvertExplicitly (false, underlying_type);
3287 left = EmptyCast.Create (left, underlying_type);
3290 if (right.Type != underlying_type) {
3291 if (right is Constant)
3292 right = ((Constant) right).ConvertExplicitly (false, underlying_type);
3294 right = EmptyCast.Create (right, underlying_type);
3298 // C# specification uses explicit cast syntax which means binary promotion
3299 // should happen, however it seems that csc does not do that
3301 if (!DoBinaryOperatorPromotion (ec)) {
3307 if (underlying_type_result != null && left.Type != underlying_type_result) {
3308 enum_conversion = Convert.ExplicitNumericConversion (ec, new EmptyExpression (left.Type), underlying_type_result);
3311 expr = ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, ec.BuiltinTypes.OperatorsBinaryStandard, true, res_type);
3323 // If the return type of the selected operator is implicitly convertible to the type of x
3325 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, expr, ltype))
3329 // Otherwise, if the selected operator is a predefined operator, if the return type of the
3330 // selected operator is explicitly convertible to the type of x, and if y is implicitly
3331 // convertible to the type of x or the operator is a shift operator, then the operation
3332 // is evaluated as x = (T)(x op y), where T is the type of x
3334 expr = Convert.ExplicitConversion (ec, expr, ltype, loc);
3338 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, ltemp, ltype))
3345 // 7.9.6 Reference type equality operators
3347 Expression ResolveOperatorEquality (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec l, TypeSpec r)
3350 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Bool;
3353 // a, Both operands are reference-type values or the value null
3354 // b, One operand is a value of type T where T is a type-parameter and
3355 // the other operand is the value null. Furthermore T does not have the
3356 // value type constraint
3358 // LAMESPEC: Very confusing details in the specification, basically any
3359 // reference like type-parameter is allowed
3361 var tparam_l = l as TypeParameterSpec;
3362 var tparam_r = r as TypeParameterSpec;
3363 if (tparam_l != null) {
3364 if (right is NullLiteral && !tparam_l.HasSpecialStruct) {
3365 left = new BoxedCast (left, ec.BuiltinTypes.Object);
3369 if (!tparam_l.IsReferenceType)
3372 l = tparam_l.GetEffectiveBase ();
3373 left = new BoxedCast (left, l);
3374 } else if (left is NullLiteral && tparam_r == null) {
3375 if (!TypeSpec.IsReferenceType (r) || r.Kind == MemberKind.InternalCompilerType)
3381 if (tparam_r != null) {
3382 if (left is NullLiteral && !tparam_r.HasSpecialStruct) {
3383 right = new BoxedCast (right, ec.BuiltinTypes.Object);
3387 if (!tparam_r.IsReferenceType)
3390 r = tparam_r.GetEffectiveBase ();
3391 right = new BoxedCast (right, r);
3392 } else if (right is NullLiteral) {
3393 if (!TypeSpec.IsReferenceType (l) || l.Kind == MemberKind.InternalCompilerType)
3399 bool no_arg_conv = false;
3402 // LAMESPEC: method groups can be compared when they convert to other side delegate
3405 if (right.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup) {
3406 result = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, l, loc);
3412 } else if (r.IsDelegate && l != r) {
3415 } else if (left.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup && r.IsDelegate) {
3416 result = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, left, r, loc);
3423 no_arg_conv = l == r && !l.IsStruct;
3427 // bool operator != (string a, string b)
3428 // bool operator == (string a, string b)
3430 // bool operator != (Delegate a, Delegate b)
3431 // bool operator == (Delegate a, Delegate b)
3433 // bool operator != (bool a, bool b)
3434 // bool operator == (bool a, bool b)
3436 // LAMESPEC: Reference equality comparison can apply to value/reference types when
3437 // they implement an implicit conversion to any of types above. This does
3438 // not apply when both operands are of same reference type
3440 if (r.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Object && l.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Object) {
3441 result = ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, ec.BuiltinTypes.OperatorsBinaryEquality, no_arg_conv, null);
3447 // bool operator != (object a, object b)
3448 // bool operator == (object a, object b)
3450 // An explicit reference conversion exists from the
3451 // type of either operand to the type of the other operand.
3454 // Optimize common path
3456 return l.Kind == MemberKind.InternalCompilerType || l.Kind == MemberKind.Struct ? null : this;
3459 if (!Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (l, r) &&
3460 !Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (r, l))
3463 // Reject allowed explicit conversions like int->object
3464 if (!TypeSpec.IsReferenceType (l) || !TypeSpec.IsReferenceType (r))
3467 if (l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.String || l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Delegate || MemberCache.GetUserOperator (l, CSharp.Operator.OpType.Equality, false) != null)
3468 ec.Report.Warning (253, 2, loc,
3469 "Possible unintended reference comparison. Consider casting the right side expression to type `{0}' to get value comparison",
3470 l.GetSignatureForError ());
3472 if (r.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.String || r.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Delegate || MemberCache.GetUserOperator (r, CSharp.Operator.OpType.Equality, false) != null)
3473 ec.Report.Warning (252, 2, loc,
3474 "Possible unintended reference comparison. Consider casting the left side expression to type `{0}' to get value comparison",
3475 r.GetSignatureForError ());
3481 Expression ResolveOperatorPointer (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec l, TypeSpec r)
3484 // bool operator == (void* x, void* y);
3485 // bool operator != (void* x, void* y);
3486 // bool operator < (void* x, void* y);
3487 // bool operator > (void* x, void* y);
3488 // bool operator <= (void* x, void* y);
3489 // bool operator >= (void* x, void* y);
3491 if ((oper & Operator.ComparisonMask) != 0) {
3494 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, r, left.Location);
3501 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, l, right.Location);
3507 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Bool;
3511 return ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, ec.BuiltinTypes.OperatorsBinaryUnsafe, false, null);
3515 // Build-in operators method overloading
3517 protected virtual Expression ResolveOperatorPredefined (ResolveContext ec, PredefinedOperator [] operators, bool primitives_only, TypeSpec enum_type)
3519 PredefinedOperator best_operator = null;
3520 TypeSpec l = left.Type;
3521 TypeSpec r = right.Type;
3522 Operator oper_mask = oper & ~Operator.ValuesOnlyMask;
3524 foreach (PredefinedOperator po in operators) {
3525 if ((po.OperatorsMask & oper_mask) == 0)
3528 if (primitives_only) {
3529 if (!po.IsPrimitiveApplicable (l, r))
3532 if (!po.IsApplicable (ec, left, right))
3536 if (best_operator == null) {
3538 if (primitives_only)
3544 best_operator = po.ResolveBetterOperator (ec, best_operator);
3546 if (best_operator == null) {
3547 ec.Report.Error (34, loc, "Operator `{0}' is ambiguous on operands of type `{1}' and `{2}'",
3548 OperName (oper), TypeManager.CSharpName (l), TypeManager.CSharpName (r));
3555 if (best_operator == null)
3558 Expression expr = best_operator.ConvertResult (ec, this);
3561 // Optimize &/&& constant expressions with 0 value
3563 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd || oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
3564 Constant rc = right as Constant;
3565 Constant lc = left as Constant;
3566 if (((lc != null && lc.IsDefaultValue) || (rc != null && rc.IsDefaultValue)) && !(this is Nullable.LiftedBinaryOperator)) {
3568 // The result is a constant with side-effect
3570 Constant side_effect = rc == null ?
3571 new SideEffectConstant (lc, right, loc) :
3572 new SideEffectConstant (rc, left, loc);
3574 return ReducedExpression.Create (side_effect, expr);
3578 if (enum_type == null)
3582 // HACK: required by enum_conversion
3584 expr.Type = enum_type;
3585 return EmptyCast.Create (expr, enum_type);
3589 // Performs user-operator overloading
3591 protected virtual Expression ResolveUserOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right)
3593 var op = ConvertBinaryToUserOperator (oper);
3595 if (l.IsNullableType)
3596 l = Nullable.NullableInfo.GetUnderlyingType (l);
3598 if (r.IsNullableType)
3599 r = Nullable.NullableInfo.GetUnderlyingType (r);
3601 IList<MemberSpec> left_operators = MemberCache.GetUserOperator (l, op, false);
3602 IList<MemberSpec> right_operators = null;
3605 right_operators = MemberCache.GetUserOperator (r, op, false);
3606 if (right_operators == null && left_operators == null)
3608 } else if (left_operators == null) {
3612 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
3613 Argument larg = new Argument (left);
3615 Argument rarg = new Argument (right);
3619 // User-defined operator implementations always take precedence
3620 // over predefined operator implementations
3622 if (left_operators != null && right_operators != null) {
3623 left_operators = CombineUserOperators (left_operators, right_operators);
3624 } else if (right_operators != null) {
3625 left_operators = right_operators;
3628 var res = new OverloadResolver (left_operators, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.ProbingOnly |
3629 OverloadResolver.Restrictions.NoBaseMembers | OverloadResolver.Restrictions.BaseMembersIncluded, loc);
3631 var oper_method = res.ResolveOperator (ec, ref args);
3632 if (oper_method == null)
3635 var llifted = (state & State.LeftNullLifted) != 0;
3636 var rlifted = (state & State.RightNullLifted) != 0;
3637 if ((Oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0) {
3638 var parameters = oper_method.Parameters;
3639 // LAMESPEC: No idea why this is not allowed
3640 if ((left is Nullable.Unwrap || right is Nullable.Unwrap) && parameters.Types [0] != parameters.Types [1])
3643 // Binary operation was lifted but we have found a user operator
3644 // which requires value-type argument, we downgrade ourself back to
3646 // LAMESPEC: The user operator is not called (it cannot be we are passing null to struct)
3647 // but compilation succeeds
3648 if ((llifted && !parameters.Types[0].IsStruct) || (rlifted && !parameters.Types[1].IsStruct)) {
3649 state &= ~(State.LeftNullLifted | State.RightNullLifted);
3653 Expression oper_expr;
3655 // TODO: CreateExpressionTree is allocated every time
3656 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0) {
3657 oper_expr = new ConditionalLogicalOperator (oper_method, args, CreateExpressionTree,
3658 oper == Operator.LogicalAnd, loc).Resolve (ec);
3660 oper_expr = new UserOperatorCall (oper_method, args, CreateExpressionTree, loc);
3664 this.left = larg.Expr;
3667 this.right = rarg.Expr;
3673 // Merge two sets of user operators into one, they are mostly distinguish
3674 // except when they share base type and it contains an operator
3676 static IList<MemberSpec> CombineUserOperators (IList<MemberSpec> left, IList<MemberSpec> right)
3678 var combined = new List<MemberSpec> (left.Count + right.Count);
3679 combined.AddRange (left);
3680 foreach (var r in right) {
3682 foreach (var l in left) {
3683 if (l.DeclaringType == r.DeclaringType) {
3696 void CheckOutOfRangeComparison (ResolveContext ec, Constant c, TypeSpec type)
3698 if (c is IntegralConstant || c is CharConstant) {
3700 c.ConvertExplicitly (true, type);
3701 } catch (OverflowException) {
3702 ec.Report.Warning (652, 2, loc,
3703 "A comparison between a constant and a variable is useless. The constant is out of the range of the variable type `{0}'",
3704 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
3710 /// EmitBranchable is called from Statement.EmitBoolExpression in the
3711 /// context of a conditional bool expression. This function will return
3712 /// false if it is was possible to use EmitBranchable, or true if it was.
3714 /// The expression's code is generated, and we will generate a branch to `target'
3715 /// if the resulting expression value is equal to isTrue
3717 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
3720 // This is more complicated than it looks, but its just to avoid
3721 // duplicated tests: basically, we allow ==, !=, >, <, >= and <=
3722 // but on top of that we want for == and != to use a special path
3723 // if we are comparing against null
3725 if ((oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0 && (left is Constant || right is Constant)) {
3726 bool my_on_true = oper == Operator.Inequality ? on_true : !on_true;
3729 // put the constant on the rhs, for simplicity
3731 if (left is Constant) {
3732 Expression swap = right;
3738 // brtrue/brfalse works with native int only
3740 if (((Constant) right).IsZeroInteger && right.Type.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long && right.Type.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong) {
3741 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, my_on_true);
3744 if (right.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool) {
3745 // right is a boolean, and it's not 'false' => it is 'true'
3746 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, !my_on_true);
3750 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
3753 Label tests_end = ec.DefineLabel ();
3755 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, false);
3756 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
3757 ec.MarkLabel (tests_end);
3760 // This optimizes code like this
3761 // if (true && i > 4)
3763 if (!(left is Constant))
3764 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
3766 if (!(right is Constant))
3767 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
3772 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr){
3774 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
3775 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
3778 Label tests_end = ec.DefineLabel ();
3779 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, true);
3780 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
3781 ec.MarkLabel (tests_end);
3786 } else if ((oper & Operator.ComparisonMask) == 0) {
3787 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
3794 TypeSpec t = left.Type;
3795 bool is_float = IsFloat (t);
3796 bool is_unsigned = is_float || IsUnsigned (t);
3799 case Operator.Equality:
3801 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
3803 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
3806 case Operator.Inequality:
3808 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
3810 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
3813 case Operator.LessThan:
3815 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3816 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
3818 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
3821 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
3823 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
3826 case Operator.GreaterThan:
3828 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3829 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
3831 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
3834 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
3836 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
3839 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
3841 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3842 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
3844 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
3847 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
3849 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
3853 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
3855 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3856 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
3858 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
3861 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
3863 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
3866 throw new InternalErrorException (oper.ToString ());
3870 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3872 EmitOperator (ec, left.Type);
3875 protected virtual void EmitOperator (EmitContext ec, TypeSpec l)
3877 if (ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && right.ContainsEmitWithAwait ()) {
3878 left = left.EmitToField (ec);
3880 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) == 0) {
3881 right = right.EmitToField (ec);
3886 // Handle short-circuit operators differently
3889 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0) {
3890 Label load_result = ec.DefineLabel ();
3891 Label end = ec.DefineLabel ();
3893 bool is_or = oper == Operator.LogicalOr;
3894 left.EmitBranchable (ec, load_result, is_or);
3896 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Br_S, end);
3898 ec.MarkLabel (load_result);
3899 ec.EmitInt (is_or ? 1 : 0);
3905 // Optimize zero-based operations which cannot be optimized at expression level
3907 if (oper == Operator.Subtraction) {
3908 var lc = left as IntegralConstant;
3909 if (lc != null && lc.IsDefaultValue) {
3911 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Neg);
3918 EmitOperatorOpcode (ec, oper, l);
3921 // Nullable enum could require underlying type cast and we cannot simply wrap binary
3922 // expression because that would wrap lifted binary operation
3924 if (enum_conversion != null)
3925 enum_conversion.Emit (ec);
3928 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
3930 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0 ||
3931 (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope) && (oper == Operator.Multiply || oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction))) {
3932 base.EmitSideEffect (ec);
3934 left.EmitSideEffect (ec);
3935 right.EmitSideEffect (ec);
3939 public override Expression EmitToField (EmitContext ec)
3941 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) == 0) {
3942 var await_expr = left as Await;
3943 if (await_expr != null && right.IsSideEffectFree) {
3944 await_expr.Statement.EmitPrologue (ec);
3945 left = await_expr.Statement.GetResultExpression (ec);
3949 await_expr = right as Await;
3950 if (await_expr != null && left.IsSideEffectFree) {
3951 await_expr.Statement.EmitPrologue (ec);
3952 right = await_expr.Statement.GetResultExpression (ec);
3957 return base.EmitToField (ec);
3960 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
3962 Binary target = (Binary) t;
3964 target.left = left.Clone (clonectx);
3965 target.right = right.Clone (clonectx);
3968 public Expression CreateCallSiteBinder (ResolveContext ec, Arguments args)
3970 Arguments binder_args = new Arguments (4);
3972 MemberAccess sle = new MemberAccess (new MemberAccess (
3973 new QualifiedAliasMember (QualifiedAliasMember.GlobalAlias, "System", loc), "Linq", loc), "Expressions", loc);
3975 CSharpBinderFlags flags = 0;
3976 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope))
3977 flags = CSharpBinderFlags.CheckedContext;
3979 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0)
3980 flags |= CSharpBinderFlags.BinaryOperationLogical;
3982 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new EnumConstant (new IntLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, (int) flags, loc), ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.BinderFlags.Resolve ())));
3983 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new MemberAccess (new MemberAccess (sle, "ExpressionType", loc), GetOperatorExpressionTypeName (), loc)));
3984 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (ec.CurrentType, loc)));
3985 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (args.CreateDynamicBinderArguments (ec), loc)));
3987 return new Invocation (new MemberAccess (new TypeExpression (ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.Binder.TypeSpec, loc), "BinaryOperation", loc), binder_args);
3990 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
3992 return CreateExpressionTree (ec, null);
3995 Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec, Expression method)
3998 bool lift_arg = false;
4001 case Operator.Addition:
4002 if (method == null && ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type))
4003 method_name = "AddChecked";
4005 method_name = "Add";
4007 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
4008 method_name = "And";
4010 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
4013 case Operator.Division:
4014 method_name = "Divide";
4016 case Operator.Equality:
4017 method_name = "Equal";
4020 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
4021 method_name = "ExclusiveOr";
4023 case Operator.GreaterThan:
4024 method_name = "GreaterThan";
4027 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
4028 method_name = "GreaterThanOrEqual";
4031 case Operator.Inequality:
4032 method_name = "NotEqual";
4035 case Operator.LeftShift:
4036 method_name = "LeftShift";
4038 case Operator.LessThan:
4039 method_name = "LessThan";
4042 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
4043 method_name = "LessThanOrEqual";
4046 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
4047 method_name = "AndAlso";
4049 case Operator.LogicalOr:
4050 method_name = "OrElse";
4052 case Operator.Modulus:
4053 method_name = "Modulo";
4055 case Operator.Multiply:
4056 if (method == null && ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type))
4057 method_name = "MultiplyChecked";
4059 method_name = "Multiply";
4061 case Operator.RightShift:
4062 method_name = "RightShift";
4064 case Operator.Subtraction:
4065 if (method == null && ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type))
4066 method_name = "SubtractChecked";
4068 method_name = "Subtract";
4072 throw new InternalErrorException ("Unknown expression tree binary operator " + oper);
4075 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
4076 args.Add (new Argument (left.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4077 args.Add (new Argument (right.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4078 if (method != null) {
4080 args.Add (new Argument (new BoolLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, false, loc)));
4082 args.Add (new Argument (method));
4085 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, method_name, args);
4088 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
4090 return visitor.Visit (this);
4096 // Represents the operation a + b [+ c [+ d [+ ...]]], where a is a string
4097 // b, c, d... may be strings or objects.
4099 public class StringConcat : Expression
4101 Arguments arguments;
4103 StringConcat (Location loc)
4106 arguments = new Arguments (2);
4109 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
4111 return arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
4114 public static StringConcat Create (ResolveContext rc, Expression left, Expression right, Location loc)
4116 if (left.eclass == ExprClass.Unresolved || right.eclass == ExprClass.Unresolved)
4117 throw new ArgumentException ();
4119 var s = new StringConcat (loc);
4120 s.type = rc.BuiltinTypes.String;
4121 s.eclass = ExprClass.Value;
4123 s.Append (rc, left);
4124 s.Append (rc, right);
4128 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4130 Argument arg = arguments [0];
4131 return CreateExpressionAddCall (ec, arg, arg.CreateExpressionTree (ec), 1);
4135 // Creates nested calls tree from an array of arguments used for IL emit
4137 Expression CreateExpressionAddCall (ResolveContext ec, Argument left, Expression left_etree, int pos)
4139 Arguments concat_args = new Arguments (2);
4140 Arguments add_args = new Arguments (3);
4142 concat_args.Add (left);
4143 add_args.Add (new Argument (left_etree));
4145 concat_args.Add (arguments [pos]);
4146 add_args.Add (new Argument (arguments [pos].CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4148 var methods = GetConcatMethodCandidates ();
4149 if (methods == null)
4152 var res = new OverloadResolver (methods, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.NoBaseMembers, loc);
4153 var method = res.ResolveMember<MethodSpec> (ec, ref concat_args);
4157 add_args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOfMethod (method, loc)));
4159 Expression expr = CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Add", add_args);
4160 if (++pos == arguments.Count)
4163 left = new Argument (new EmptyExpression (method.ReturnType));
4164 return CreateExpressionAddCall (ec, left, expr, pos);
4167 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4172 void Append (ResolveContext rc, Expression operand)
4177 StringConstant sc = operand as StringConstant;
4179 if (arguments.Count != 0) {
4180 Argument last_argument = arguments [arguments.Count - 1];
4181 StringConstant last_expr_constant = last_argument.Expr as StringConstant;
4182 if (last_expr_constant != null) {
4183 last_argument.Expr = new StringConstant (rc.BuiltinTypes, last_expr_constant.Value + sc.Value, sc.Location);
4189 // Multiple (3+) concatenation are resolved as multiple StringConcat instances
4191 StringConcat concat_oper = operand as StringConcat;
4192 if (concat_oper != null) {
4193 arguments.AddRange (concat_oper.arguments);
4198 arguments.Add (new Argument (operand));
4201 IList<MemberSpec> GetConcatMethodCandidates ()
4203 return MemberCache.FindMembers (type, "Concat", true);
4206 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4208 var members = GetConcatMethodCandidates ();
4209 var res = new OverloadResolver (members, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.NoBaseMembers, loc);
4210 var method = res.ResolveMember<MethodSpec> (new ResolveContext (ec.MemberContext), ref arguments);
4211 if (method != null) {
4212 var call = new CallEmitter ();
4213 call.EmitPredefined (ec, method, arguments);
4217 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
4219 if (arguments.Count != 2)
4220 throw new NotImplementedException ("arguments.Count != 2");
4222 var concat = typeof (string).GetMethod ("Concat", new[] { typeof (object), typeof (object) });
4223 return SLE.Expression.Add (arguments[0].Expr.MakeExpression (ctx), arguments[1].Expr.MakeExpression (ctx), concat);
4228 // User-defined conditional logical operator
4230 public class ConditionalLogicalOperator : UserOperatorCall
4232 readonly bool is_and;
4233 Expression oper_expr;
4235 public ConditionalLogicalOperator (MethodSpec oper, Arguments arguments, Func<ResolveContext, Expression, Expression> expr_tree, bool is_and, Location loc)
4236 : base (oper, arguments, expr_tree, loc)
4238 this.is_and = is_and;
4239 eclass = ExprClass.Unresolved;
4242 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4244 AParametersCollection pd = oper.Parameters;
4245 if (!TypeSpecComparer.IsEqual (type, pd.Types[0]) || !TypeSpecComparer.IsEqual (type, pd.Types[1])) {
4246 ec.Report.Error (217, loc,
4247 "A user-defined operator `{0}' must have parameters and return values of the same type in order to be applicable as a short circuit operator",
4248 oper.GetSignatureForError ());
4252 Expression left_dup = new EmptyExpression (type);
4253 Expression op_true = GetOperatorTrue (ec, left_dup, loc);
4254 Expression op_false = GetOperatorFalse (ec, left_dup, loc);
4255 if (op_true == null || op_false == null) {
4256 ec.Report.Error (218, loc,
4257 "The type `{0}' must have operator `true' and operator `false' defined when `{1}' is used as a short circuit operator",
4258 TypeManager.CSharpName (type), oper.GetSignatureForError ());
4262 oper_expr = is_and ? op_false : op_true;
4263 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
4267 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4269 Label end_target = ec.DefineLabel ();
4272 // Emit and duplicate left argument
4274 bool right_contains_await = ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && arguments[1].Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
4275 if (right_contains_await) {
4276 arguments[0] = arguments[0].EmitToField (ec, false);
4277 arguments[0].Expr.Emit (ec);
4279 arguments[0].Expr.Emit (ec);
4280 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
4281 arguments.RemoveAt (0);
4284 oper_expr.EmitBranchable (ec, end_target, true);
4288 if (right_contains_await) {
4290 // Special handling when right expression contains await and left argument
4291 // could not be left on stack before logical branch
4293 Label skip_left_load = ec.DefineLabel ();
4294 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Br_S, skip_left_load);
4295 ec.MarkLabel (end_target);
4296 arguments[0].Expr.Emit (ec);
4297 ec.MarkLabel (skip_left_load);
4299 ec.MarkLabel (end_target);
4304 public class PointerArithmetic : Expression {
4305 Expression left, right;
4309 // We assume that `l' is always a pointer
4311 public PointerArithmetic (Binary.Operator op, Expression l, Expression r, TypeSpec t, Location loc)
4320 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
4322 throw new NotImplementedException ();
4325 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4327 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
4331 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4333 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
4335 var pc = left.Type as PointerContainer;
4336 if (pc != null && pc.Element.Kind == MemberKind.Void) {
4337 Error_VoidPointerOperation (ec);
4344 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4346 TypeSpec op_type = left.Type;
4348 // It must be either array or fixed buffer
4350 if (TypeManager.HasElementType (op_type)) {
4351 element = TypeManager.GetElementType (op_type);
4353 FieldExpr fe = left as FieldExpr;
4355 element = ((FixedFieldSpec) (fe.Spec)).ElementType;
4360 int size = BuiltinTypeSpec.GetSize(element);
4361 TypeSpec rtype = right.Type;
4363 if ((op & Binary.Operator.SubtractionMask) != 0 && rtype.IsPointer){
4365 // handle (pointer - pointer)
4369 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
4373 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
4376 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Div);
4378 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
4381 // handle + and - on (pointer op int)
4383 Constant left_const = left as Constant;
4384 if (left_const != null) {
4386 // Optimize ((T*)null) pointer operations
4388 if (left_const.IsDefaultValue) {
4389 left = EmptyExpression.Null;
4397 var right_const = right as Constant;
4398 if (right_const != null) {
4400 // Optimize 0-based arithmetic
4402 if (right_const.IsDefaultValue)
4406 right = new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, size, right.Location);
4408 right = new SizeOf (new TypeExpression (element, right.Location), right.Location);
4410 // TODO: Should be the checks resolve context sensitive?
4411 ResolveContext rc = new ResolveContext (ec.MemberContext, ResolveContext.Options.UnsafeScope);
4412 right = new Binary (Binary.Operator.Multiply, right, right_const).Resolve (rc);
4418 switch (rtype.BuiltinType) {
4419 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
4420 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
4421 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
4422 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
4423 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
4425 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
4426 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U);
4430 if (right_const == null && size != 1){
4432 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
4435 if (rtype.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long || rtype.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong)
4436 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
4438 Binary.EmitOperatorOpcode (ec, Binary.Operator.Multiply, rtype);
4441 if (left_const == null) {
4442 if (rtype.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long)
4443 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
4444 else if (rtype.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong)
4445 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U);
4447 Binary.EmitOperatorOpcode (ec, op, op_type);
4454 // A boolean-expression is an expression that yields a result
4457 public class BooleanExpression : ShimExpression
4459 public BooleanExpression (Expression expr)
4462 this.loc = expr.Location;
4465 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4467 // TODO: We should emit IsTrue (v4) instead of direct user operator
4468 // call but that would break csc compatibility
4469 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
4472 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4474 // A boolean-expression is required to be of a type
4475 // that can be implicitly converted to bool or of
4476 // a type that implements operator true
4478 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
4482 Assign ass = expr as Assign;
4483 if (ass != null && ass.Source is Constant) {
4484 ec.Report.Warning (665, 3, loc,
4485 "Assignment in conditional expression is always constant. Did you mean to use `==' instead ?");
4488 if (expr.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool)
4491 if (expr.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
4492 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
4493 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
4494 return DynamicUnaryConversion.CreateIsTrue (ec, args, loc).Resolve (ec);
4497 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Bool;
4498 Expression converted = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, expr, type, loc);
4499 if (converted != null)
4503 // If no implicit conversion to bool exists, try using `operator true'
4505 converted = GetOperatorTrue (ec, expr, loc);
4506 if (converted == null) {
4507 expr.Error_ValueCannotBeConverted (ec, type, false);
4514 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
4516 return visitor.Visit (this);
4520 public class BooleanExpressionFalse : Unary
4522 public BooleanExpressionFalse (Expression expr)
4523 : base (Operator.LogicalNot, expr, expr.Location)
4527 protected override Expression ResolveOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
4529 return GetOperatorFalse (ec, expr, loc) ?? base.ResolveOperator (ec, expr);
4534 /// Implements the ternary conditional operator (?:)
4536 public class Conditional : Expression {
4537 Expression expr, true_expr, false_expr;
4539 public Conditional (Expression expr, Expression true_expr, Expression false_expr, Location loc)
4542 this.true_expr = true_expr;
4543 this.false_expr = false_expr;
4549 public Expression Expr {
4555 public Expression TrueExpr {
4561 public Expression FalseExpr {
4569 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
4571 return Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || true_expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || false_expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
4574 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4576 Arguments args = new Arguments (3);
4577 args.Add (new Argument (expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4578 args.Add (new Argument (true_expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4579 args.Add (new Argument (false_expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4580 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Condition", args);
4583 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4585 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
4588 // Unreachable code needs different resolve path. For instance for await
4589 // expression to not generate unreachable resumable statement
4591 Constant c = expr as Constant;
4592 if (c != null && ec.CurrentBranching != null) {
4593 bool unreachable = ec.CurrentBranching.CurrentUsageVector.IsUnreachable;
4595 if (c.IsDefaultValue) {
4596 ec.CurrentBranching.CurrentUsageVector.IsUnreachable = true;
4597 true_expr = true_expr.Resolve (ec);
4598 ec.CurrentBranching.CurrentUsageVector.IsUnreachable = unreachable;
4600 false_expr = false_expr.Resolve (ec);
4602 true_expr = true_expr.Resolve (ec);
4604 ec.CurrentBranching.CurrentUsageVector.IsUnreachable = true;
4605 false_expr = false_expr.Resolve (ec);
4606 ec.CurrentBranching.CurrentUsageVector.IsUnreachable = unreachable;
4609 true_expr = true_expr.Resolve (ec);
4610 false_expr = false_expr.Resolve (ec);
4613 if (true_expr == null || false_expr == null || expr == null)
4616 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
4617 TypeSpec true_type = true_expr.Type;
4618 TypeSpec false_type = false_expr.Type;
4622 // First, if an implicit conversion exists from true_expr
4623 // to false_expr, then the result type is of type false_expr.Type
4625 if (!TypeSpecComparer.IsEqual (true_type, false_type)) {
4626 Expression conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, true_expr, false_type, loc);
4627 if (conv != null && true_type.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
4629 // Check if both can convert implicitly to each other's type
4633 if (false_type.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic && Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, false_expr, true_type, loc) != null) {
4634 ec.Report.Error (172, true_expr.Location,
4635 "Type of conditional expression cannot be determined as `{0}' and `{1}' convert implicitly to each other",
4636 true_type.GetSignatureForError (), false_type.GetSignatureForError ());
4641 } else if ((conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, false_expr, true_type, loc)) != null) {
4644 ec.Report.Error (173, true_expr.Location,
4645 "Type of conditional expression cannot be determined because there is no implicit conversion between `{0}' and `{1}'",
4646 TypeManager.CSharpName (true_type), TypeManager.CSharpName (false_type));
4652 bool is_false = c.IsDefaultValue;
4655 // Don't issue the warning for constant expressions
4657 if (!(is_false ? true_expr is Constant : false_expr is Constant)) {
4658 ec.Report.Warning (429, 4, is_false ? true_expr.Location : false_expr.Location,
4659 "Unreachable expression code detected");
4662 return ReducedExpression.Create (
4663 is_false ? false_expr : true_expr, this,
4664 false_expr is Constant && true_expr is Constant).Resolve (ec);
4670 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4672 Label false_target = ec.DefineLabel ();
4673 Label end_target = ec.DefineLabel ();
4675 expr.EmitBranchable (ec, false_target, false);
4676 true_expr.Emit (ec);
4678 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end_target);
4679 ec.MarkLabel (false_target);
4680 false_expr.Emit (ec);
4681 ec.MarkLabel (end_target);
4684 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
4686 Conditional target = (Conditional) t;
4688 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
4689 target.true_expr = true_expr.Clone (clonectx);
4690 target.false_expr = false_expr.Clone (clonectx);
4694 public abstract class VariableReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation, IVariableReference
4696 LocalTemporary temp;
4699 public abstract HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae);
4700 public abstract void SetHasAddressTaken ();
4701 public abstract void VerifyAssigned (ResolveContext rc);
4703 public abstract bool IsLockedByStatement { get; set; }
4705 public abstract bool IsFixed { get; }
4706 public abstract bool IsRef { get; }
4707 public abstract string Name { get; }
4710 // Variable IL data, it has to be protected to encapsulate hoisted variables
4712 protected abstract ILocalVariable Variable { get; }
4715 // Variable flow-analysis data
4717 public abstract VariableInfo VariableInfo { get; }
4720 public virtual void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
4722 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4724 hv.AddressOf (ec, mode);
4728 Variable.EmitAddressOf (ec);
4731 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
4736 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4738 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4740 return hv.CreateExpressionTree ();
4742 Arguments arg = new Arguments (1);
4743 arg.Add (new Argument (this));
4744 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", arg);
4747 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext rc, Expression right_side)
4749 if (IsLockedByStatement) {
4750 rc.Report.Warning (728, 2, loc,
4751 "Possibly incorrect assignment to `{0}' which is the argument to a using or lock statement",
4758 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4763 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
4769 // This method is used by parameters that are references, that are
4770 // being passed as references: we only want to pass the pointer (that
4771 // is already stored in the parameter, not the address of the pointer,
4772 // and not the value of the variable).
4774 public void EmitLoad (EmitContext ec)
4779 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
4781 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4783 hv.Emit (ec, leave_copy);
4791 // If we are a reference, we loaded on the stack a pointer
4792 // Now lets load the real value
4794 ec.EmitLoadFromPtr (type);
4798 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
4801 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
4807 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy,
4808 bool prepare_for_load)
4810 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4812 hv.EmitAssign (ec, source, leave_copy, prepare_for_load);
4816 New n_source = source as New;
4817 if (n_source != null) {
4818 if (!n_source.Emit (ec, this)) {
4822 ec.EmitLoadFromPtr (type);
4834 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
4836 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
4842 ec.EmitStoreFromPtr (type);
4844 Variable.EmitAssign (ec);
4852 public override Expression EmitToField (EmitContext ec)
4854 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4856 return hv.EmitToField (ec);
4859 return base.EmitToField (ec);
4862 public HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (ResolveContext rc)
4864 return GetHoistedVariable (rc.CurrentAnonymousMethod);
4867 public HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (EmitContext ec)
4869 return GetHoistedVariable (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod);
4872 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
4877 public bool IsHoisted {
4878 get { return GetHoistedVariable ((AnonymousExpression) null) != null; }
4883 // Resolved reference to a local variable
4885 public class LocalVariableReference : VariableReference
4887 public LocalVariable local_info;
4889 public LocalVariableReference (LocalVariable li, Location l)
4891 this.local_info = li;
4895 public override VariableInfo VariableInfo {
4896 get { return local_info.VariableInfo; }
4899 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
4901 return local_info.HoistedVariant;
4907 // A local variable is always fixed
4909 public override bool IsFixed {
4915 public override bool IsLockedByStatement {
4917 return local_info.IsLocked;
4920 local_info.IsLocked = value;
4924 public override bool IsRef {
4925 get { return false; }
4928 public override string Name {
4929 get { return local_info.Name; }
4934 public override void VerifyAssigned (ResolveContext rc)
4936 VariableInfo variable_info = local_info.VariableInfo;
4937 if (variable_info == null)
4940 if (variable_info.IsAssigned (rc))
4943 rc.Report.Error (165, loc, "Use of unassigned local variable `{0}'", Name);
4944 variable_info.SetAssigned (rc);
4947 public override void SetHasAddressTaken ()
4949 local_info.SetHasAddressTaken ();
4952 void DoResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
4955 // If we are referencing a variable from the external block
4956 // flag it for capturing
4958 if (ec.MustCaptureVariable (local_info)) {
4959 if (local_info.AddressTaken) {
4960 AnonymousMethodExpression.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (ec, this, loc);
4961 } else if (local_info.IsFixed) {
4962 ec.Report.Error (1764, loc,
4963 "Cannot use fixed local `{0}' inside an anonymous method, lambda expression or query expression",
4964 GetSignatureForError ());
4967 if (ec.IsVariableCapturingRequired) {
4968 AnonymousMethodStorey storey = local_info.Block.Explicit.CreateAnonymousMethodStorey (ec);
4969 storey.CaptureLocalVariable (ec, local_info);
4973 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
4974 type = local_info.Type;
4977 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4979 local_info.SetIsUsed ();
4981 VerifyAssigned (ec);
4987 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression rhs)
4990 // Don't be too pedantic when variable is used as out param or for some broken code
4991 // which uses property/indexer access to run some initialization
4993 if (rhs == EmptyExpression.OutAccess || rhs.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess || rhs.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess)
4994 local_info.SetIsUsed ();
4996 if (local_info.IsReadonly && !ec.HasAny (ResolveContext.Options.FieldInitializerScope | ResolveContext.Options.UsingInitializerScope)) {
4999 if (rhs == EmptyExpression.OutAccess) {
5000 code = 1657; msg = "Cannot pass `{0}' as a ref or out argument because it is a `{1}'";
5001 } else if (rhs == EmptyExpression.LValueMemberAccess) {
5002 code = 1654; msg = "Cannot assign to members of `{0}' because it is a `{1}'";
5003 } else if (rhs == EmptyExpression.LValueMemberOutAccess) {
5004 code = 1655; msg = "Cannot pass members of `{0}' as ref or out arguments because it is a `{1}'";
5005 } else if (rhs == EmptyExpression.UnaryAddress) {
5006 code = 459; msg = "Cannot take the address of {1} `{0}'";
5008 code = 1656; msg = "Cannot assign to `{0}' because it is a `{1}'";
5010 ec.Report.Error (code, loc, msg, Name, local_info.GetReadOnlyContext ());
5011 } else if (VariableInfo != null) {
5012 VariableInfo.SetAssigned (ec);
5015 if (eclass == ExprClass.Unresolved)
5018 return base.DoResolveLValue (ec, rhs);
5021 public override int GetHashCode ()
5023 return local_info.GetHashCode ();
5026 public override bool Equals (object obj)
5028 LocalVariableReference lvr = obj as LocalVariableReference;
5032 return local_info == lvr.local_info;
5035 protected override ILocalVariable Variable {
5036 get { return local_info; }
5039 public override string ToString ()
5041 return String.Format ("{0} ({1}:{2})", GetType (), Name, loc);
5044 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
5051 /// This represents a reference to a parameter in the intermediate
5054 public class ParameterReference : VariableReference
5056 protected ParametersBlock.ParameterInfo pi;
5058 public ParameterReference (ParametersBlock.ParameterInfo pi, Location loc)
5066 public override bool IsLockedByStatement {
5071 pi.IsLocked = value;
5075 public override bool IsRef {
5076 get { return (pi.Parameter.ModFlags & Parameter.Modifier.RefOutMask) != 0; }
5079 bool HasOutModifier {
5080 get { return (pi.Parameter.ModFlags & Parameter.Modifier.OUT) != 0; }
5083 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
5085 return pi.Parameter.HoistedVariant;
5089 // A ref or out parameter is classified as a moveable variable, even
5090 // if the argument given for the parameter is a fixed variable
5092 public override bool IsFixed {
5093 get { return !IsRef; }
5096 public override string Name {
5097 get { return Parameter.Name; }
5100 public Parameter Parameter {
5101 get { return pi.Parameter; }
5104 public override VariableInfo VariableInfo {
5105 get { return pi.VariableInfo; }
5108 protected override ILocalVariable Variable {
5109 get { return Parameter; }
5114 public override void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
5117 // ParameterReferences might already be a reference
5124 base.AddressOf (ec, mode);
5127 public override void SetHasAddressTaken ()
5129 Parameter.HasAddressTaken = true;
5132 void SetAssigned (ResolveContext ec)
5134 if (HasOutModifier && ec.DoFlowAnalysis)
5135 ec.CurrentBranching.SetAssigned (VariableInfo);
5138 bool DoResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
5140 if (eclass != ExprClass.Unresolved)
5143 type = pi.ParameterType;
5144 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
5147 // If we are referencing a parameter from the external block
5148 // flag it for capturing
5150 if (ec.MustCaptureVariable (pi)) {
5151 if (Parameter.HasAddressTaken)
5152 AnonymousMethodExpression.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (ec, this, loc);
5155 ec.Report.Error (1628, loc,
5156 "Parameter `{0}' cannot be used inside `{1}' when using `ref' or `out' modifier",
5157 Name, ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod.ContainerType);
5160 if (ec.IsVariableCapturingRequired && !pi.Block.ParametersBlock.IsExpressionTree) {
5161 AnonymousMethodStorey storey = pi.Block.Explicit.CreateAnonymousMethodStorey (ec);
5162 storey.CaptureParameter (ec, pi, this);
5169 public override int GetHashCode ()
5171 return Name.GetHashCode ();
5174 public override bool Equals (object obj)
5176 ParameterReference pr = obj as ParameterReference;
5180 return Name == pr.Name;
5183 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
5189 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
5191 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
5193 return hv.CreateExpressionTree ();
5195 return Parameter.ExpressionTreeVariableReference ();
5199 // Notice that for ref/out parameters, the type exposed is not the
5200 // same type exposed externally.
5203 // externally we expose "int&"
5204 // here we expose "int".
5206 // We record this in "is_ref". This means that the type system can treat
5207 // the type as it is expected, but when we generate the code, we generate
5208 // the alternate kind of code.
5210 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
5212 if (!DoResolveBase (ec))
5215 VerifyAssigned (ec);
5219 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
5221 if (!DoResolveBase (ec))
5225 return base.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
5228 public override void VerifyAssigned (ResolveContext rc)
5230 // HACK: Variables are not captured in probing mode
5231 if (rc.IsInProbingMode)
5234 if (HasOutModifier && !VariableInfo.IsAssigned (rc)) {
5235 rc.Report.Error (269, loc, "Use of unassigned out parameter `{0}'", Name);
5241 /// Invocation of methods or delegates.
5243 public class Invocation : ExpressionStatement
5245 protected Arguments arguments;
5246 protected Expression expr;
5247 protected MethodGroupExpr mg;
5249 public Invocation (Expression expr, Arguments arguments)
5252 this.arguments = arguments;
5254 var ma = expr as MemberAccess;
5255 loc = ma != null ? ma.GetLeftExpressionLocation () : expr.Location;
5260 public Arguments Arguments {
5266 public Expression Exp {
5272 public MethodGroupExpr MethodGroup {
5279 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
5281 Invocation target = (Invocation) t;
5283 if (arguments != null)
5284 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
5286 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
5289 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
5291 if (arguments != null && arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
5294 return mg.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
5297 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
5299 Expression instance = mg.IsInstance ?
5300 mg.InstanceExpression.CreateExpressionTree (ec) :
5301 new NullLiteral (loc);
5303 var args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, arguments,
5305 mg.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
5307 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Call", args);
5310 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
5312 Expression member_expr;
5313 var atn = expr as ATypeNameExpression;
5315 member_expr = atn.LookupNameExpression (ec, MemberLookupRestrictions.InvocableOnly | MemberLookupRestrictions.ReadAccess);
5316 if (member_expr != null)
5317 member_expr = member_expr.Resolve (ec);
5319 member_expr = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.MethodGroup);
5322 if (member_expr == null)
5326 // Next, evaluate all the expressions in the argument list
5328 bool dynamic_arg = false;
5329 if (arguments != null)
5330 arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic_arg);
5332 TypeSpec expr_type = member_expr.Type;
5333 if (expr_type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic)
5334 return DoResolveDynamic (ec, member_expr);
5336 mg = member_expr as MethodGroupExpr;
5337 Expression invoke = null;
5340 if (expr_type != null && expr_type.IsDelegate) {
5341 invoke = new DelegateInvocation (member_expr, arguments, loc);
5342 invoke = invoke.Resolve (ec);
5343 if (invoke == null || !dynamic_arg)
5346 if (member_expr is RuntimeValueExpression) {
5347 ec.Report.Error (Report.RuntimeErrorId, loc, "Cannot invoke a non-delegate type `{0}'",
5348 member_expr.Type.GetSignatureForError ()); ;
5352 MemberExpr me = member_expr as MemberExpr;
5354 member_expr.Error_UnexpectedKind (ec, ResolveFlags.MethodGroup, loc);
5358 ec.Report.Error (1955, loc, "The member `{0}' cannot be used as method or delegate",
5359 member_expr.GetSignatureForError ());
5364 if (invoke == null) {
5365 mg = DoResolveOverload (ec);
5371 return DoResolveDynamic (ec, member_expr);
5373 var method = mg.BestCandidate;
5374 type = mg.BestCandidateReturnType;
5376 if (arguments == null && method.DeclaringType.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Object && method.Name == Destructor.MetadataName) {
5378 ec.Report.Error (250, loc, "Do not directly call your base class Finalize method. It is called automatically from your destructor");
5380 ec.Report.Error (245, loc, "Destructors and object.Finalize cannot be called directly. Consider calling IDisposable.Dispose if available");
5384 IsSpecialMethodInvocation (ec, method, loc);
5386 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5390 protected virtual Expression DoResolveDynamic (ResolveContext ec, Expression memberExpr)
5393 DynamicMemberBinder dmb = memberExpr as DynamicMemberBinder;
5395 args = dmb.Arguments;
5396 if (arguments != null)
5397 args.AddRange (arguments);
5398 } else if (mg == null) {
5399 if (arguments == null)
5400 args = new Arguments (1);
5404 args.Insert (0, new Argument (memberExpr));
5408 ec.Report.Error (1971, loc,
5409 "The base call to method `{0}' cannot be dynamically dispatched. Consider casting the dynamic arguments or eliminating the base access",
5414 if (arguments == null)
5415 args = new Arguments (1);
5419 MemberAccess ma = expr as MemberAccess;
5421 var left_type = ma.LeftExpression as TypeExpr;
5422 if (left_type != null) {
5423 args.Insert (0, new Argument (new TypeOf (left_type.Type, loc).Resolve (ec), Argument.AType.DynamicTypeName));
5426 // Any value type has to be pass as by-ref to get back the same
5427 // instance on which the member was called
5429 var mod = ma.LeftExpression is IMemoryLocation && TypeSpec.IsValueType (ma.LeftExpression.Type) ?
5430 Argument.AType.Ref : Argument.AType.None;
5431 args.Insert (0, new Argument (ma.LeftExpression.Resolve (ec), mod));
5433 } else { // is SimpleName
5435 args.Insert (0, new Argument (new TypeOf (ec.CurrentType, loc).Resolve (ec), Argument.AType.DynamicTypeName));
5437 args.Insert (0, new Argument (new This (loc).Resolve (ec)));
5442 return new DynamicInvocation (expr as ATypeNameExpression, args, loc).Resolve (ec);
5445 protected virtual MethodGroupExpr DoResolveOverload (ResolveContext ec)
5447 return mg.OverloadResolve (ec, ref arguments, null, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.None);
5450 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
5452 return mg.GetSignatureForError ();
5456 // If a member is a method or event, or if it is a constant, field or property of either a delegate type
5457 // or the type dynamic, then the member is invocable
5459 public static bool IsMemberInvocable (MemberSpec member)
5461 switch (member.Kind) {
5462 case MemberKind.Event:
5464 case MemberKind.Field:
5465 case MemberKind.Property:
5466 var m = member as IInterfaceMemberSpec;
5467 return m.MemberType.IsDelegate || m.MemberType.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic;
5473 public static bool IsSpecialMethodInvocation (ResolveContext ec, MethodSpec method, Location loc)
5475 if (!method.IsReservedMethod)
5478 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.InvokeSpecialName) || ec.CurrentMemberDefinition.IsCompilerGenerated)
5481 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (method);
5482 ec.Report.Error (571, loc, "`{0}': cannot explicitly call operator or accessor",
5483 method.GetSignatureForError ());
5488 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5490 mg.EmitCall (ec, arguments);
5493 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5498 // Pop the return value if there is one
5500 if (type.Kind != MemberKind.Void)
5501 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
5504 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
5506 return MakeExpression (ctx, mg.InstanceExpression, mg.BestCandidate, arguments);
5509 public static SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx, Expression instance, MethodSpec mi, Arguments args)
5512 throw new NotSupportedException ();
5514 var instance_expr = instance == null ? null : instance.MakeExpression (ctx);
5515 return SLE.Expression.Call (instance_expr, (MethodInfo) mi.GetMetaInfo (), Arguments.MakeExpression (args, ctx));
5519 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
5521 return visitor.Visit (this);
5526 // Implements simple new expression
5528 public class New : ExpressionStatement, IMemoryLocation
5530 protected Arguments arguments;
5533 // During bootstrap, it contains the RequestedType,
5534 // but if `type' is not null, it *might* contain a NewDelegate
5535 // (because of field multi-initialization)
5537 protected Expression RequestedType;
5539 protected MethodSpec method;
5541 public New (Expression requested_type, Arguments arguments, Location l)
5543 RequestedType = requested_type;
5544 this.arguments = arguments;
5549 public Arguments Arguments {
5556 // Returns true for resolved `new S()'
5558 public bool IsDefaultStruct {
5560 return arguments == null && type.IsStruct && GetType () == typeof (New);
5564 public Expression TypeExpression {
5566 return RequestedType;
5573 /// Converts complex core type syntax like 'new int ()' to simple constant
5575 public static Constant Constantify (TypeSpec t, Location loc)
5577 switch (t.BuiltinType) {
5578 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
5579 return new IntConstant (t, 0, loc);
5580 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
5581 return new UIntConstant (t, 0, loc);
5582 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
5583 return new LongConstant (t, 0, loc);
5584 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
5585 return new ULongConstant (t, 0, loc);
5586 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
5587 return new FloatConstant (t, 0, loc);
5588 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double:
5589 return new DoubleConstant (t, 0, loc);
5590 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
5591 return new ShortConstant (t, 0, loc);
5592 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
5593 return new UShortConstant (t, 0, loc);
5594 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
5595 return new SByteConstant (t, 0, loc);
5596 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
5597 return new ByteConstant (t, 0, loc);
5598 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
5599 return new CharConstant (t, '\0', loc);
5600 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool:
5601 return new BoolConstant (t, false, loc);
5602 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal:
5603 return new DecimalConstant (t, 0, loc);
5607 return new EnumConstant (Constantify (EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (t), loc), t);
5609 if (t.IsNullableType)
5610 return Nullable.LiftedNull.Create (t, loc);
5615 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
5617 return arguments != null && arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
5621 // Checks whether the type is an interface that has the
5622 // [ComImport, CoClass] attributes and must be treated
5625 public Expression CheckComImport (ResolveContext ec)
5627 if (!type.IsInterface)
5631 // Turn the call into:
5632 // (the-interface-stated) (new class-referenced-in-coclassattribute ())
5634 var real_class = type.MemberDefinition.GetAttributeCoClass ();
5635 if (real_class == null)
5638 New proxy = new New (new TypeExpression (real_class, loc), arguments, loc);
5639 Cast cast = new Cast (new TypeExpression (type, loc), proxy, loc);
5640 return cast.Resolve (ec);
5643 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
5646 if (method == null) {
5647 args = new Arguments (1);
5648 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (type, loc)));
5650 args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec,
5651 arguments, new TypeOfMethod (method, loc));
5654 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "New", args);
5657 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
5659 type = RequestedType.ResolveAsType (ec);
5663 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5665 if (type.IsPointer) {
5666 ec.Report.Error (1919, loc, "Unsafe type `{0}' cannot be used in an object creation expression",
5667 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5671 if (arguments == null) {
5672 Constant c = Constantify (type, RequestedType.Location);
5674 return ReducedExpression.Create (c, this);
5677 if (type.IsDelegate) {
5678 return (new NewDelegate (type, arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
5681 var tparam = type as TypeParameterSpec;
5682 if (tparam != null) {
5684 // Check whether the type of type parameter can be constructed. BaseType can be a struct for method overrides
5685 // where type parameter constraint is inflated to struct
5687 if ((tparam.SpecialConstraint & (SpecialConstraint.Struct | SpecialConstraint.Constructor)) == 0 && !TypeSpec.IsValueType (tparam)) {
5688 ec.Report.Error (304, loc,
5689 "Cannot create an instance of the variable type `{0}' because it does not have the new() constraint",
5690 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5693 if ((arguments != null) && (arguments.Count != 0)) {
5694 ec.Report.Error (417, loc,
5695 "`{0}': cannot provide arguments when creating an instance of a variable type",
5696 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5702 if (type.IsStatic) {
5703 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (type);
5704 ec.Report.Error (712, loc, "Cannot create an instance of the static class `{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5708 if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract){
5709 if (!TypeManager.IsGenericType (type)) {
5710 RequestedType = CheckComImport (ec);
5711 if (RequestedType != null)
5712 return RequestedType;
5715 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (type);
5716 ec.Report.Error (144, loc, "Cannot create an instance of the abstract class or interface `{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5721 // Any struct always defines parameterless constructor
5723 if (type.IsStruct && arguments == null)
5727 if (arguments != null) {
5728 arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
5733 method = ConstructorLookup (ec, type, ref arguments, loc);
5736 arguments.Insert (0, new Argument (new TypeOf (type, loc).Resolve (ec), Argument.AType.DynamicTypeName));
5737 return new DynamicConstructorBinder (type, arguments, loc).Resolve (ec);
5743 bool DoEmitTypeParameter (EmitContext ec)
5745 var m = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.ActivatorCreateInstance.Resolve (loc);
5749 var ctor_factory = m.MakeGenericMethod (ec.MemberContext, type);
5750 var tparam = (TypeParameterSpec) type;
5752 if (tparam.IsReferenceType) {
5753 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, ctor_factory);
5757 // Allow DoEmit() to be called multiple times.
5758 // We need to create a new LocalTemporary each time since
5759 // you can't share LocalBuilders among ILGeneators.
5760 LocalTemporary temp = new LocalTemporary (type);
5762 Label label_activator = ec.DefineLabel ();
5763 Label label_end = ec.DefineLabel ();
5765 temp.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5766 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5769 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Box, type);
5770 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, label_activator);
5772 temp.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5773 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5776 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Br_S, label_end);
5778 ec.MarkLabel (label_activator);
5780 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, ctor_factory);
5781 ec.MarkLabel (label_end);
5786 // This Emit can be invoked in two contexts:
5787 // * As a mechanism that will leave a value on the stack (new object)
5788 // * As one that wont (init struct)
5790 // If we are dealing with a ValueType, we have a few
5791 // situations to deal with:
5793 // * The target is a ValueType, and we have been provided
5794 // the instance (this is easy, we are being assigned).
5796 // * The target of New is being passed as an argument,
5797 // to a boxing operation or a function that takes a
5800 // In this case, we need to create a temporary variable
5801 // that is the argument of New.
5803 // Returns whether a value is left on the stack
5805 // *** Implementation note ***
5807 // To benefit from this optimization, each assignable expression
5808 // has to manually cast to New and call this Emit.
5810 // TODO: It's worth to implement it for arrays and fields
5812 public virtual bool Emit (EmitContext ec, IMemoryLocation target)
5814 bool is_value_type = TypeSpec.IsValueType (type);
5815 VariableReference vr = target as VariableReference;
5817 if (target != null && is_value_type && (vr != null || method == null)) {
5818 target.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5819 } else if (vr != null && vr.IsRef) {
5823 if (arguments != null) {
5824 if (ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && (arguments.Count > (this is NewInitialize ? 0 : 1)) && arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
5825 arguments = arguments.Emit (ec, false, true);
5827 arguments.Emit (ec);
5830 if (is_value_type) {
5831 if (method == null) {
5832 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5837 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method);
5842 if (type is TypeParameterSpec)
5843 return DoEmitTypeParameter (ec);
5845 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, method);
5849 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5851 LocalTemporary v = null;
5852 if (method == null && TypeSpec.IsValueType (type)) {
5853 // TODO: Use temporary variable from pool
5854 v = new LocalTemporary (type);
5861 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5863 LocalTemporary v = null;
5864 if (method == null && TypeSpec.IsValueType (type)) {
5865 // TODO: Use temporary variable from pool
5866 v = new LocalTemporary (type);
5870 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
5873 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
5875 EmitAddressOf (ec, mode);
5878 protected virtual IMemoryLocation EmitAddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
5880 LocalTemporary value_target = new LocalTemporary (type);
5882 if (type is TypeParameterSpec) {
5883 DoEmitTypeParameter (ec);
5884 value_target.Store (ec);
5885 value_target.AddressOf (ec, mode);
5886 return value_target;
5889 value_target.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5891 if (method == null) {
5892 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5894 if (arguments != null)
5895 arguments.Emit (ec);
5897 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method);
5900 value_target.AddressOf (ec, mode);
5901 return value_target;
5904 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
5906 New target = (New) t;
5908 target.RequestedType = RequestedType.Clone (clonectx);
5909 if (arguments != null){
5910 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
5914 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
5917 return base.MakeExpression (ctx);
5919 return SLE.Expression.New ((ConstructorInfo) method.GetMetaInfo (), Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx));
5923 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
5925 return visitor.Visit (this);
5930 // Array initializer expression, the expression is allowed in
5931 // variable or field initialization only which makes it tricky as
5932 // the type has to be infered based on the context either from field
5933 // type or variable type (think of multiple declarators)
5935 public class ArrayInitializer : Expression
5937 List<Expression> elements;
5938 BlockVariableDeclaration variable;
5940 public ArrayInitializer (List<Expression> init, Location loc)
5946 public ArrayInitializer (int count, Location loc)
5947 : this (new List<Expression> (count), loc)
5951 public ArrayInitializer (Location loc)
5959 get { return elements.Count; }
5962 public List<Expression> Elements {
5968 public Expression this [int index] {
5970 return elements [index];
5974 public BlockVariableDeclaration VariableDeclaration {
5985 public void Add (Expression expr)
5987 elements.Add (expr);
5990 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
5992 throw new NotSupportedException ();
5995 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
5997 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
6000 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
6002 var target = (ArrayInitializer) t;
6004 target.elements = new List<Expression> (elements.Count);
6005 foreach (var element in elements)
6006 target.elements.Add (element.Clone (clonectx));
6009 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
6011 var current_field = rc.CurrentMemberDefinition as FieldBase;
6012 TypeExpression type;
6013 if (current_field != null && rc.CurrentAnonymousMethod == null) {
6014 type = new TypeExpression (current_field.MemberType, current_field.Location);
6015 } else if (variable != null) {
6016 if (variable.TypeExpression is VarExpr) {
6017 rc.Report.Error (820, loc, "An implicitly typed local variable declarator cannot use an array initializer");
6018 return EmptyExpression.Null;
6021 type = new TypeExpression (variable.Variable.Type, variable.Variable.Location);
6023 throw new NotImplementedException ("Unexpected array initializer context");
6026 return new ArrayCreation (type, this).Resolve (rc);
6029 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6031 throw new InternalErrorException ("Missing Resolve call");
6034 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
6036 return visitor.Visit (this);
6041 /// 14.5.10.2: Represents an array creation expression.
6045 /// There are two possible scenarios here: one is an array creation
6046 /// expression that specifies the dimensions and optionally the
6047 /// initialization data and the other which does not need dimensions
6048 /// specified but where initialization data is mandatory.
6050 public class ArrayCreation : Expression
6052 FullNamedExpression requested_base_type;
6053 ArrayInitializer initializers;
6056 // The list of Argument types.
6057 // This is used to construct the `newarray' or constructor signature
6059 protected List<Expression> arguments;
6061 protected TypeSpec array_element_type;
6062 int num_arguments = 0;
6063 protected int dimensions;
6064 protected readonly ComposedTypeSpecifier rank;
6065 Expression first_emit;
6066 LocalTemporary first_emit_temp;
6068 protected List<Expression> array_data;
6070 Dictionary<int, int> bounds;
6073 // The number of constants in array initializers
6074 int const_initializers_count;
6075 bool only_constant_initializers;
6077 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, List<Expression> exprs, ComposedTypeSpecifier rank, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location l)
6078 : this (requested_base_type, rank, initializers, l)
6080 arguments = new List<Expression> (exprs);
6081 num_arguments = arguments.Count;
6085 // For expressions like int[] foo = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 };
6087 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, ComposedTypeSpecifier rank, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location loc)
6089 this.requested_base_type = requested_base_type;
6091 this.initializers = initializers;
6095 num_arguments = rank.Dimension;
6099 // For compiler generated single dimensional arrays only
6101 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location loc)
6102 : this (requested_base_type, ComposedTypeSpecifier.SingleDimension, initializers, loc)
6107 // For expressions like int[] foo = { 1, 2, 3 };
6109 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, ArrayInitializer initializers)
6110 : this (requested_base_type, null, initializers, initializers.Location)
6114 public ComposedTypeSpecifier Rank {
6120 public FullNamedExpression TypeExpression {
6122 return this.requested_base_type;
6126 public ArrayInitializer Initializers {
6128 return this.initializers;
6132 bool CheckIndices (ResolveContext ec, ArrayInitializer probe, int idx, bool specified_dims, int child_bounds)
6134 if (initializers != null && bounds == null) {
6136 // We use this to store all the date values in the order in which we
6137 // will need to store them in the byte blob later
6139 array_data = new List<Expression> ();
6140 bounds = new Dictionary<int, int> ();
6143 if (specified_dims) {
6144 Expression a = arguments [idx];
6149 a = ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex (ec, a);
6155 if (initializers != null) {
6156 Constant c = a as Constant;
6157 if (c == null && a is ArrayIndexCast)
6158 c = ((ArrayIndexCast) a).Child as Constant;
6161 ec.Report.Error (150, a.Location, "A constant value is expected");
6167 value = System.Convert.ToInt32 (c.GetValue ());
6169 ec.Report.Error (150, a.Location, "A constant value is expected");
6173 // TODO: probe.Count does not fit ulong in
6174 if (value != probe.Count) {
6175 ec.Report.Error (847, loc, "An array initializer of length `{0}' was expected", value.ToString ());
6179 bounds[idx] = value;
6183 if (initializers == null)
6186 for (int i = 0; i < probe.Count; ++i) {
6188 if (o is ArrayInitializer) {
6189 var sub_probe = o as ArrayInitializer;
6190 if (idx + 1 >= dimensions){
6191 ec.Report.Error (623, loc, "Array initializers can only be used in a variable or field initializer. Try using a new expression instead");
6195 bool ret = CheckIndices (ec, sub_probe, idx + 1, specified_dims, child_bounds - 1);
6198 } else if (child_bounds > 1) {
6199 ec.Report.Error (846, o.Location, "A nested array initializer was expected");
6201 Expression element = ResolveArrayElement (ec, o);
6202 if (element == null)
6205 // Initializers with the default values can be ignored
6206 Constant c = element as Constant;
6208 if (!c.IsDefaultInitializer (array_element_type)) {
6209 ++const_initializers_count;
6212 only_constant_initializers = false;
6215 array_data.Add (element);
6222 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
6224 foreach (var arg in arguments) {
6225 if (arg.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
6229 return InitializersContainAwait ();
6232 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
6236 if (array_data == null) {
6237 args = new Arguments (arguments.Count + 1);
6238 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (array_element_type, loc)));
6239 foreach (Expression a in arguments)
6240 args.Add (new Argument (a.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
6242 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "NewArrayBounds", args);
6245 if (dimensions > 1) {
6246 ec.Report.Error (838, loc, "An expression tree cannot contain a multidimensional array initializer");
6250 args = new Arguments (array_data == null ? 1 : array_data.Count + 1);
6251 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (array_element_type, loc)));
6252 if (array_data != null) {
6253 for (int i = 0; i < array_data.Count; ++i) {
6254 Expression e = array_data [i];
6255 args.Add (new Argument (e.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
6259 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "NewArrayInit", args);
6262 void UpdateIndices (ResolveContext rc)
6265 for (var probe = initializers; probe != null;) {
6266 Expression e = new IntConstant (rc.BuiltinTypes, probe.Count, Location.Null);
6268 bounds[i++] = probe.Count;
6270 if (probe.Count > 0 && probe [0] is ArrayInitializer) {
6271 probe = (ArrayInitializer) probe[0];
6272 } else if (dimensions > i) {
6280 protected override void Error_NegativeArrayIndex (ResolveContext ec, Location loc)
6282 ec.Report.Error (248, loc, "Cannot create an array with a negative size");
6285 bool InitializersContainAwait ()
6287 if (array_data == null)
6290 foreach (var expr in array_data) {
6291 if (expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
6298 protected virtual Expression ResolveArrayElement (ResolveContext ec, Expression element)
6300 element = element.Resolve (ec);
6301 if (element == null)
6304 if (element is CompoundAssign.TargetExpression) {
6305 if (first_emit != null)
6306 throw new InternalErrorException ("Can only handle one mutator at a time");
6307 first_emit = element;
6308 element = first_emit_temp = new LocalTemporary (element.Type);
6311 return Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (
6312 ec, element, array_element_type, loc);
6315 protected bool ResolveInitializers (ResolveContext ec)
6318 only_constant_initializers = true;
6321 if (arguments != null) {
6323 for (int i = 0; i < arguments.Count; ++i) {
6324 res &= CheckIndices (ec, initializers, i, true, dimensions);
6325 if (initializers != null)
6332 arguments = new List<Expression> ();
6334 if (!CheckIndices (ec, initializers, 0, false, dimensions))
6343 // Resolved the type of the array
6345 bool ResolveArrayType (ResolveContext ec)
6350 FullNamedExpression array_type_expr;
6351 if (num_arguments > 0) {
6352 array_type_expr = new ComposedCast (requested_base_type, rank);
6354 array_type_expr = requested_base_type;
6357 type = array_type_expr.ResolveAsType (ec);
6358 if (array_type_expr == null)
6361 var ac = type as ArrayContainer;
6363 ec.Report.Error (622, loc, "Can only use array initializer expressions to assign to array types. Try using a new expression instead");
6367 array_element_type = ac.Element;
6368 dimensions = ac.Rank;
6373 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6378 if (!ResolveArrayType (ec))
6382 // validate the initializers and fill in any missing bits
6384 if (!ResolveInitializers (ec))
6387 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6391 byte [] MakeByteBlob ()
6396 int count = array_data.Count;
6398 TypeSpec element_type = array_element_type;
6399 if (element_type.IsEnum)
6400 element_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (element_type);
6402 factor = BuiltinTypeSpec.GetSize (element_type);
6404 throw new Exception ("unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + element_type);
6406 data = new byte [(count * factor + 3) & ~3];
6409 for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
6410 var c = array_data[i] as Constant;
6416 object v = c.GetValue ();
6418 switch (element_type.BuiltinType) {
6419 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
6420 long lval = (long) v;
6422 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6423 data[idx + j] = (byte) (lval & 0xFF);
6427 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
6428 ulong ulval = (ulong) v;
6430 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6431 data[idx + j] = (byte) (ulval & 0xFF);
6432 ulval = (ulval >> 8);
6435 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
6436 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((float) v);
6438 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6439 data[idx + j] = element[j];
6440 if (!BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
6441 System.Array.Reverse (data, idx, 4);
6443 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double:
6444 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((double) v);
6446 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6447 data[idx + j] = element[j];
6449 // FIXME: Handle the ARM float format.
6450 if (!BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
6451 System.Array.Reverse (data, idx, 8);
6453 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
6454 int chval = (int) ((char) v);
6456 data[idx] = (byte) (chval & 0xff);
6457 data[idx + 1] = (byte) (chval >> 8);
6459 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
6460 int sval = (int) ((short) v);
6462 data[idx] = (byte) (sval & 0xff);
6463 data[idx + 1] = (byte) (sval >> 8);
6465 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
6466 int usval = (int) ((ushort) v);
6468 data[idx] = (byte) (usval & 0xff);
6469 data[idx + 1] = (byte) (usval >> 8);
6471 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
6474 data[idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6475 data[idx + 1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
6476 data[idx + 2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
6477 data[idx + 3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
6479 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
6480 uint uval = (uint) v;
6482 data[idx] = (byte) (uval & 0xff);
6483 data[idx + 1] = (byte) ((uval >> 8) & 0xff);
6484 data[idx + 2] = (byte) ((uval >> 16) & 0xff);
6485 data[idx + 3] = (byte) (uval >> 24);
6487 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
6488 data[idx] = (byte) (sbyte) v;
6490 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
6491 data[idx] = (byte) v;
6493 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool:
6494 data[idx] = (byte) ((bool) v ? 1 : 0);
6496 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal:
6497 int[] bits = Decimal.GetBits ((decimal) v);
6500 // FIXME: For some reason, this doesn't work on the MS runtime.
6501 int[] nbits = new int[4];
6507 for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
6508 data[p++] = (byte) (nbits[j] & 0xff);
6509 data[p++] = (byte) ((nbits[j] >> 8) & 0xff);
6510 data[p++] = (byte) ((nbits[j] >> 16) & 0xff);
6511 data[p++] = (byte) (nbits[j] >> 24);
6515 throw new Exception ("Unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + element_type);
6524 #if NET_4_0 || MONODROID
6525 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
6528 return base.MakeExpression (ctx);
6530 var initializers = new SLE.Expression [array_data.Count];
6531 for (var i = 0; i < initializers.Length; i++) {
6532 if (array_data [i] == null)
6533 initializers [i] = SLE.Expression.Default (array_element_type.GetMetaInfo ());
6535 initializers [i] = array_data [i].MakeExpression (ctx);
6538 return SLE.Expression.NewArrayInit (array_element_type.GetMetaInfo (), initializers);
6544 // Emits the initializers for the array
6546 void EmitStaticInitializers (EmitContext ec, FieldExpr stackArray)
6548 var m = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.RuntimeHelpersInitializeArray.Resolve (loc);
6553 // First, the static data
6555 byte [] data = MakeByteBlob ();
6556 var fb = ec.CurrentTypeDefinition.Module.MakeStaticData (data, loc);
6558 if (stackArray == null) {
6559 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6561 stackArray.Emit (ec);
6564 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, fb);
6565 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, m);
6570 // Emits pieces of the array that can not be computed at compile
6571 // time (variables and string locations).
6573 // This always expect the top value on the stack to be the array
6575 void EmitDynamicInitializers (EmitContext ec, bool emitConstants, FieldExpr stackArray)
6577 int dims = bounds.Count;
6578 var current_pos = new int [dims];
6580 for (int i = 0; i < array_data.Count; i++){
6582 Expression e = array_data [i];
6583 var c = e as Constant;
6585 // Constant can be initialized via StaticInitializer
6586 if (c == null || (c != null && emitConstants && !c.IsDefaultInitializer (array_element_type))) {
6590 if (stackArray != null) {
6591 if (e.ContainsEmitWithAwait ()) {
6592 e = e.EmitToField (ec);
6595 stackArray.Emit (ec);
6597 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6600 for (int idx = 0; idx < dims; idx++)
6601 ec.EmitInt (current_pos [idx]);
6604 // If we are dealing with a struct, get the
6605 // address of it, so we can store it.
6607 if (dims == 1 && etype.IsStruct) {
6608 switch (etype.BuiltinType) {
6609 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
6610 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
6611 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool:
6612 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
6613 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
6614 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
6615 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
6616 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
6617 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
6618 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
6619 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
6620 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double:
6623 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, etype);
6630 ec.EmitArrayStore ((ArrayContainer) type);
6636 for (int j = dims - 1; j >= 0; j--){
6638 if (current_pos [j] < bounds [j])
6640 current_pos [j] = 0;
6645 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6647 EmitToFieldSource (ec);
6650 protected sealed override FieldExpr EmitToFieldSource (EmitContext ec)
6652 if (first_emit != null) {
6653 first_emit.Emit (ec);
6654 first_emit_temp.Store (ec);
6657 FieldExpr await_stack_field;
6658 if (ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && InitializersContainAwait ()) {
6659 await_stack_field = ec.GetTemporaryField (type);
6662 await_stack_field = null;
6665 EmitExpressionsList (ec, arguments);
6667 ec.EmitArrayNew ((ArrayContainer) type);
6669 if (initializers == null)
6670 return await_stack_field;
6672 if (await_stack_field != null)
6673 await_stack_field.EmitAssignFromStack (ec);
6677 // Emit static initializer for arrays which contain more than 2 items and
6678 // the static initializer will initialize at least 25% of array values or there
6679 // is more than 10 items to be initialized
6681 // NOTE: const_initializers_count does not contain default constant values.
6683 if (const_initializers_count > 2 && (array_data.Count > 10 || const_initializers_count * 4 > (array_data.Count)) &&
6684 (BuiltinTypeSpec.IsPrimitiveType (array_element_type) || array_element_type.IsEnum)) {
6685 EmitStaticInitializers (ec, await_stack_field);
6687 if (!only_constant_initializers)
6688 EmitDynamicInitializers (ec, false, await_stack_field);
6692 EmitDynamicInitializers (ec, true, await_stack_field);
6695 if (first_emit_temp != null)
6696 first_emit_temp.Release (ec);
6698 return await_stack_field;
6701 public override void EncodeAttributeValue (IMemberContext rc, AttributeEncoder enc, TypeSpec targetType)
6703 // no multi dimensional or jagged arrays
6704 if (arguments.Count != 1 || array_element_type.IsArray) {
6705 base.EncodeAttributeValue (rc, enc, targetType);
6709 // No array covariance, except for array -> object
6710 if (type != targetType) {
6711 if (targetType.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Object) {
6712 base.EncodeAttributeValue (rc, enc, targetType);
6716 if (enc.Encode (type) == AttributeEncoder.EncodedTypeProperties.DynamicType) {
6717 Attribute.Error_AttributeArgumentIsDynamic (rc, loc);
6722 // Single dimensional array of 0 size
6723 if (array_data == null) {
6724 IntConstant ic = arguments[0] as IntConstant;
6725 if (ic == null || !ic.IsDefaultValue) {
6726 base.EncodeAttributeValue (rc, enc, targetType);
6734 enc.Encode (array_data.Count);
6735 foreach (var element in array_data) {
6736 element.EncodeAttributeValue (rc, enc, array_element_type);
6740 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
6742 ArrayCreation target = (ArrayCreation) t;
6744 if (requested_base_type != null)
6745 target.requested_base_type = (FullNamedExpression)requested_base_type.Clone (clonectx);
6747 if (arguments != null){
6748 target.arguments = new List<Expression> (arguments.Count);
6749 foreach (Expression e in arguments)
6750 target.arguments.Add (e.Clone (clonectx));
6753 if (initializers != null)
6754 target.initializers = (ArrayInitializer) initializers.Clone (clonectx);
6757 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
6759 return visitor.Visit (this);
6764 // Represents an implicitly typed array epxression
6766 class ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation : ArrayCreation
6768 sealed class InferenceContext : TypeInferenceContext
6770 class ExpressionBoundInfo : BoundInfo
6772 readonly Expression expr;
6774 public ExpressionBoundInfo (Expression expr)
6775 : base (expr.Type, BoundKind.Lower)
6780 public override bool Equals (BoundInfo other)
6782 // We are using expression not type for conversion check
6783 // no optimization based on types is possible
6787 public override Expression GetTypeExpression ()
6793 public void AddExpression (Expression expr)
6795 AddToBounds (new ExpressionBoundInfo (expr), 0);
6799 InferenceContext best_type_inference;
6801 public ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (ComposedTypeSpecifier rank, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location loc)
6802 : base (null, rank, initializers, loc)
6806 public ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (ArrayInitializer initializers, Location loc)
6807 : base (null, initializers, loc)
6811 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6816 dimensions = rank.Dimension;
6818 best_type_inference = new InferenceContext ();
6820 if (!ResolveInitializers (ec))
6823 best_type_inference.FixAllTypes (ec);
6824 array_element_type = best_type_inference.InferredTypeArguments[0];
6825 best_type_inference = null;
6827 if (array_element_type == null ||
6828 array_element_type == InternalType.NullLiteral || array_element_type == InternalType.MethodGroup || array_element_type == InternalType.AnonymousMethod ||
6829 arguments.Count != rank.Dimension) {
6830 ec.Report.Error (826, loc,
6831 "The type of an implicitly typed array cannot be inferred from the initializer. Try specifying array type explicitly");
6836 // At this point we found common base type for all initializer elements
6837 // but we have to be sure that all static initializer elements are of
6840 UnifyInitializerElement (ec);
6842 type = ArrayContainer.MakeType (ec.Module, array_element_type, dimensions);
6843 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6848 // Converts static initializer only
6850 void UnifyInitializerElement (ResolveContext ec)
6852 for (int i = 0; i < array_data.Count; ++i) {
6853 Expression e = array_data[i];
6855 array_data [i] = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, array_element_type, Location.Null);
6859 protected override Expression ResolveArrayElement (ResolveContext ec, Expression element)
6861 element = element.Resolve (ec);
6862 if (element != null)
6863 best_type_inference.AddExpression (element);
6869 sealed class CompilerGeneratedThis : This
6871 public CompilerGeneratedThis (TypeSpec type, Location loc)
6875 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6878 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6883 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
6890 /// Represents the `this' construct
6893 public class This : VariableReference
6895 sealed class ThisVariable : ILocalVariable
6897 public static readonly ILocalVariable Instance = new ThisVariable ();
6899 public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6904 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec)
6906 throw new InvalidOperationException ();
6909 public void EmitAddressOf (EmitContext ec)
6915 VariableInfo variable_info;
6917 public This (Location loc)
6924 public override string Name {
6925 get { return "this"; }
6928 public override bool IsLockedByStatement {
6936 public override bool IsRef {
6937 get { return type.IsStruct; }
6940 public override bool IsSideEffectFree {
6946 protected override ILocalVariable Variable {
6947 get { return ThisVariable.Instance; }
6950 public override VariableInfo VariableInfo {
6951 get { return variable_info; }
6954 public override bool IsFixed {
6955 get { return false; }
6960 public void CheckStructThisDefiniteAssignment (ResolveContext rc)
6963 // It's null for all cases when we don't need to check `this'
6964 // definitive assignment
6966 if (variable_info == null)
6969 if (rc.OmitStructFlowAnalysis)
6972 if (!variable_info.IsAssigned (rc)) {
6973 rc.Report.Error (188, loc,
6974 "The `this' object cannot be used before all of its fields are assigned to");
6978 protected virtual void Error_ThisNotAvailable (ResolveContext ec)
6980 if (ec.IsStatic && !ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.ConstantScope)) {
6981 ec.Report.Error (26, loc, "Keyword `this' is not valid in a static property, static method, or static field initializer");
6982 } else if (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod != null) {
6983 ec.Report.Error (1673, loc,
6984 "Anonymous methods inside structs cannot access instance members of `this'. " +
6985 "Consider copying `this' to a local variable outside the anonymous method and using the local instead");
6987 ec.Report.Error (27, loc, "Keyword `this' is not available in the current context");
6991 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
6996 AnonymousMethodStorey storey = ae.Storey;
6997 return storey != null ? storey.HoistedThis : null;
7000 public static bool IsThisAvailable (ResolveContext ec, bool ignoreAnonymous)
7002 if (ec.IsStatic || ec.HasAny (ResolveContext.Options.FieldInitializerScope | ResolveContext.Options.BaseInitializer | ResolveContext.Options.ConstantScope))
7005 if (ignoreAnonymous || ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod == null)
7008 if (ec.CurrentType.IsStruct && !(ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod is StateMachineInitializer))
7014 public virtual void ResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
7016 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7017 type = ec.CurrentType;
7019 if (!IsThisAvailable (ec, false)) {
7020 Error_ThisNotAvailable (ec);
7024 var block = ec.CurrentBlock;
7025 if (block != null) {
7026 var top = block.ParametersBlock.TopBlock;
7027 if (top.ThisVariable != null)
7028 variable_info = top.ThisVariable.VariableInfo;
7030 AnonymousExpression am = ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod;
7031 if (am != null && ec.IsVariableCapturingRequired && !block.Explicit.HasCapturedThis) {
7033 // Hoisted this is almost like hoisted variable but not exactly. When
7034 // there is no variable hoisted we can simply emit an instance method
7035 // without lifting this into a storey. Unfotunatelly this complicates
7036 // this in other cases because we don't know where this will be hoisted
7037 // until top-level block is fully resolved
7039 top.AddThisReferenceFromChildrenBlock (block.Explicit);
7040 am.SetHasThisAccess ();
7045 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7049 CheckStructThisDefiniteAssignment (ec);
7054 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
7056 if (eclass == ExprClass.Unresolved)
7059 if (variable_info != null)
7060 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
7063 if (right_side == EmptyExpression.UnaryAddress)
7064 ec.Report.Error (459, loc, "Cannot take the address of `this' because it is read-only");
7065 else if (right_side == EmptyExpression.OutAccess)
7066 ec.Report.Error (1605, loc, "Cannot pass `this' as a ref or out argument because it is read-only");
7068 ec.Report.Error (1604, loc, "Cannot assign to `this' because it is read-only");
7074 public override int GetHashCode()
7076 throw new NotImplementedException ();
7079 public override bool Equals (object obj)
7081 This t = obj as This;
7088 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7093 public override void SetHasAddressTaken ()
7098 public override void VerifyAssigned (ResolveContext rc)
7102 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7104 return visitor.Visit (this);
7109 /// Represents the `__arglist' construct
7111 public class ArglistAccess : Expression
7113 public ArglistAccess (Location loc)
7118 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
7123 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7128 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7130 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
7133 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7135 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7136 type = ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.RuntimeArgumentHandle.Resolve ();
7138 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.FieldInitializerScope) || !ec.CurrentBlock.ParametersBlock.Parameters.HasArglist) {
7139 ec.Report.Error (190, loc,
7140 "The __arglist construct is valid only within a variable argument method");
7146 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7148 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Arglist);
7151 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7153 return visitor.Visit (this);
7158 /// Represents the `__arglist (....)' construct
7160 public class Arglist : Expression
7162 Arguments arguments;
7164 public Arglist (Location loc)
7169 public Arglist (Arguments args, Location l)
7175 public Arguments Arguments {
7181 public MetaType[] ArgumentTypes {
7183 if (arguments == null)
7184 return MetaType.EmptyTypes;
7186 var retval = new MetaType[arguments.Count];
7187 for (int i = 0; i < retval.Length; i++)
7188 retval[i] = arguments[i].Expr.Type.GetMetaInfo ();
7194 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7196 throw new NotImplementedException ();
7199 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7201 ec.Report.Error (1952, loc, "An expression tree cannot contain a method with variable arguments");
7205 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7207 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7208 type = InternalType.Arglist;
7209 if (arguments != null) {
7210 bool dynamic; // Can be ignored as there is always only 1 overload
7211 arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
7217 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7219 if (arguments != null)
7220 arguments.Emit (ec);
7223 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7225 Arglist target = (Arglist) t;
7227 if (arguments != null)
7228 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
7231 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7233 return visitor.Visit (this);
7237 public class RefValueExpr : ShimExpression
7239 FullNamedExpression texpr;
7241 public RefValueExpr (Expression expr, FullNamedExpression texpr, Location loc)
7248 public FullNamedExpression TypeExpression {
7254 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7259 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
7261 expr = expr.Resolve (rc);
7262 type = texpr.ResolveAsType (rc);
7263 if (expr == null || type == null)
7266 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (rc, expr, rc.Module.PredefinedTypes.TypedReference.Resolve (), loc);
7267 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7271 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7274 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Refanyval, type);
7275 ec.EmitLoadFromPtr (type);
7278 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7280 return visitor.Visit (this);
7284 public class RefTypeExpr : ShimExpression
7286 public RefTypeExpr (Expression expr, Location loc)
7292 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
7294 expr = expr.Resolve (rc);
7298 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (rc, expr, rc.Module.PredefinedTypes.TypedReference.Resolve (), loc);
7302 type = rc.BuiltinTypes.Type;
7303 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7307 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7310 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Refanytype);
7311 var m = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.TypeGetTypeFromHandle.Resolve (loc);
7313 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, m);
7316 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7318 return visitor.Visit (this);
7322 public class MakeRefExpr : ShimExpression
7324 public MakeRefExpr (Expression expr, Location loc)
7330 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7332 throw new NotImplementedException ();
7335 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
7337 expr = expr.ResolveLValue (rc, EmptyExpression.LValueMemberAccess);
7338 type = rc.Module.PredefinedTypes.TypedReference.Resolve ();
7339 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7343 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7345 ((IMemoryLocation) expr).AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Load);
7346 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Mkrefany, expr.Type);
7349 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7351 return visitor.Visit (this);
7356 /// Implements the typeof operator
7358 public class TypeOf : Expression {
7359 FullNamedExpression QueriedType;
7362 public TypeOf (FullNamedExpression queried_type, Location l)
7364 QueriedType = queried_type;
7369 // Use this constructor for any compiler generated typeof expression
7371 public TypeOf (TypeSpec type, Location loc)
7373 this.typearg = type;
7379 public override bool IsSideEffectFree {
7385 public TypeSpec TypeArgument {
7391 public FullNamedExpression TypeExpression {
7400 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7402 TypeOf target = (TypeOf) t;
7403 if (QueriedType != null)
7404 target.QueriedType = (FullNamedExpression) QueriedType.Clone (clonectx);
7407 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7412 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7414 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
7415 args.Add (new Argument (this));
7416 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (type, loc), loc)));
7417 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
7420 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7422 if (eclass != ExprClass.Unresolved)
7425 if (typearg == null) {
7427 // Pointer types are allowed without explicit unsafe, they are just tokens
7429 using (ec.Set (ResolveContext.Options.UnsafeScope)) {
7430 typearg = QueriedType.ResolveAsType (ec);
7433 if (typearg == null)
7436 if (typearg.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
7437 ec.Report.Error (1962, QueriedType.Location,
7438 "The typeof operator cannot be used on the dynamic type");
7442 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Type;
7444 // Even though what is returned is a type object, it's treated as a value by the compiler.
7445 // In particular, 'typeof (Foo).X' is something totally different from 'Foo.X'.
7446 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7450 static bool ContainsDynamicType (TypeSpec type)
7452 if (type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic)
7455 var element_container = type as ElementTypeSpec;
7456 if (element_container != null)
7457 return ContainsDynamicType (element_container.Element);
7459 foreach (var t in type.TypeArguments) {
7460 if (ContainsDynamicType (t)) {
7468 public override void EncodeAttributeValue (IMemberContext rc, AttributeEncoder enc, TypeSpec targetType)
7470 // Target type is not System.Type therefore must be object
7471 // and we need to use different encoding sequence
7472 if (targetType != type)
7475 if (typearg is InflatedTypeSpec) {
7478 if (InflatedTypeSpec.ContainsTypeParameter (gt)) {
7479 rc.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (416, loc, "`{0}': an attribute argument cannot use type parameters",
7480 typearg.GetSignatureForError ());
7484 gt = gt.DeclaringType;
7485 } while (gt != null);
7488 if (ContainsDynamicType (typearg)) {
7489 Attribute.Error_AttributeArgumentIsDynamic (rc, loc);
7493 enc.EncodeTypeName (typearg);
7496 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7498 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, typearg);
7499 var m = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.TypeGetTypeFromHandle.Resolve (loc);
7501 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, m);
7504 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7506 return visitor.Visit (this);
7510 sealed class TypeOfMethod : TypeOfMember<MethodSpec>
7512 public TypeOfMethod (MethodSpec method, Location loc)
7513 : base (method, loc)
7517 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7519 if (member.IsConstructor) {
7520 type = ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.ConstructorInfo.Resolve ();
7522 type = ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.MethodInfo.Resolve ();
7528 return base.DoResolve (ec);
7531 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7533 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, member);
7536 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Castclass, type);
7539 protected override PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> GetTypeFromHandle (EmitContext ec)
7541 return ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.MethodInfoGetMethodFromHandle;
7544 protected override PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> GetTypeFromHandleGeneric (EmitContext ec)
7546 return ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.MethodInfoGetMethodFromHandle2;
7550 abstract class TypeOfMember<T> : Expression where T : MemberSpec
7552 protected readonly T member;
7554 protected TypeOfMember (T member, Location loc)
7556 this.member = member;
7560 public override bool IsSideEffectFree {
7566 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7571 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7573 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
7574 args.Add (new Argument (this));
7575 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (type, loc)));
7576 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
7579 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7581 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7585 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7587 bool is_generic = member.DeclaringType.IsGenericOrParentIsGeneric;
7588 PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> p;
7590 p = GetTypeFromHandleGeneric (ec);
7591 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, member.DeclaringType);
7593 p = GetTypeFromHandle (ec);
7596 var mi = p.Resolve (loc);
7598 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, mi);
7601 protected abstract PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> GetTypeFromHandle (EmitContext ec);
7602 protected abstract PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> GetTypeFromHandleGeneric (EmitContext ec);
7605 sealed class TypeOfField : TypeOfMember<FieldSpec>
7607 public TypeOfField (FieldSpec field, Location loc)
7612 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7614 type = ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.FieldInfo.Resolve ();
7618 return base.DoResolve (ec);
7621 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7623 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, member);
7627 protected override PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> GetTypeFromHandle (EmitContext ec)
7629 return ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.FieldInfoGetFieldFromHandle;
7632 protected override PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> GetTypeFromHandleGeneric (EmitContext ec)
7634 return ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.FieldInfoGetFieldFromHandle2;
7639 /// Implements the sizeof expression
7641 public class SizeOf : Expression {
7642 readonly Expression texpr;
7643 TypeSpec type_queried;
7645 public SizeOf (Expression queried_type, Location l)
7647 this.texpr = queried_type;
7651 public override bool IsSideEffectFree {
7657 public Expression TypeExpression {
7663 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7668 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7670 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
7674 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7676 type_queried = texpr.ResolveAsType (ec);
7677 if (type_queried == null)
7680 if (type_queried.IsEnum)
7681 type_queried = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (type_queried);
7683 int size_of = BuiltinTypeSpec.GetSize (type_queried);
7685 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, size_of, loc);
7688 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Module, type_queried, loc)){
7693 ec.Report.Error (233, loc,
7694 "`{0}' does not have a predefined size, therefore sizeof can only be used in an unsafe context (consider using System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SizeOf)",
7695 TypeManager.CSharpName (type_queried));
7698 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Int;
7699 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7703 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7705 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, type_queried);
7708 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7712 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7714 return visitor.Visit (this);
7719 /// Implements the qualified-alias-member (::) expression.
7721 public class QualifiedAliasMember : MemberAccess
7723 readonly string alias;
7724 public static readonly string GlobalAlias = "global";
7726 public QualifiedAliasMember (string alias, string identifier, Location l)
7727 : base (null, identifier, l)
7732 public QualifiedAliasMember (string alias, string identifier, TypeArguments targs, Location l)
7733 : base (null, identifier, targs, l)
7738 public QualifiedAliasMember (string alias, string identifier, int arity, Location l)
7739 : base (null, identifier, arity, l)
7744 public string Alias {
7750 public override FullNamedExpression ResolveAsTypeOrNamespace (IMemberContext ec)
7752 if (alias == GlobalAlias) {
7753 expr = ec.Module.GlobalRootNamespace;
7754 return base.ResolveAsTypeOrNamespace (ec);
7757 int errors = ec.Module.Compiler.Report.Errors;
7758 expr = ec.LookupNamespaceAlias (alias);
7760 if (errors == ec.Module.Compiler.Report.Errors)
7761 ec.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (432, loc, "Alias `{0}' not found", alias);
7765 return base.ResolveAsTypeOrNamespace (ec);
7768 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7770 return ResolveAsTypeOrNamespace (ec);
7773 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
7776 if (targs != null) {
7777 name = Name + "<" + targs.GetSignatureForError () + ">";
7780 return alias + "::" + name;
7783 public override Expression LookupNameExpression (ResolveContext rc, MemberLookupRestrictions restrictions)
7785 if ((restrictions & MemberLookupRestrictions.InvocableOnly) != 0) {
7786 rc.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (687, loc,
7787 "The namespace alias qualifier `::' cannot be used to invoke a method. Consider using `.' instead",
7788 GetSignatureForError ());
7793 return DoResolve (rc);
7796 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7801 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7803 return visitor.Visit (this);
7808 /// Implements the member access expression
7810 public class MemberAccess : ATypeNameExpression
7812 protected Expression expr;
7814 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string id)
7815 : base (id, expr.Location)
7820 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string identifier, Location loc)
7821 : base (identifier, loc)
7826 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string identifier, TypeArguments args, Location loc)
7827 : base (identifier, args, loc)
7832 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string identifier, int arity, Location loc)
7833 : base (identifier, arity, loc)
7838 public Expression LeftExpression {
7844 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
7846 var e = DoResolveName (rc, null);
7848 if (!rc.OmitStructFlowAnalysis) {
7849 var fe = e as FieldExpr;
7851 fe.VerifyAssignedStructField (rc, null);
7858 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext rc, Expression rhs)
7860 var e = DoResolveName (rc, rhs);
7862 if (!rc.OmitStructFlowAnalysis) {
7863 var fe = e as FieldExpr;
7864 if (fe != null && fe.InstanceExpression is FieldExpr) {
7865 fe = (FieldExpr) fe.InstanceExpression;
7866 fe.VerifyAssignedStructField (rc, rhs);
7873 Expression DoResolveName (ResolveContext rc, Expression right_side)
7875 Expression e = LookupNameExpression (rc, right_side == null ? MemberLookupRestrictions.ReadAccess : MemberLookupRestrictions.None);
7879 if (right_side != null) {
7880 if (e is TypeExpr) {
7881 e.Error_UnexpectedKind (rc, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue, loc);
7885 e = e.ResolveLValue (rc, right_side);
7887 e = e.Resolve (rc, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type);
7893 protected virtual void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext rc, TypeSpec type)
7895 if (type == InternalType.NullLiteral && rc.IsRuntimeBinder)
7896 rc.Report.Error (Report.RuntimeErrorId, loc, "Cannot perform member binding on `null' value");
7898 expr.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (rc, loc, ".", type);
7901 public Location GetLeftExpressionLocation ()
7903 Expression expr = LeftExpression;
7904 MemberAccess ma = expr as MemberAccess;
7905 while (ma != null && ma.LeftExpression != null) {
7906 expr = ma.LeftExpression;
7907 ma = expr as MemberAccess;
7910 return expr == null ? Location : expr.Location;
7913 public static bool IsValidDotExpression (TypeSpec type)
7915 const MemberKind dot_kinds = MemberKind.Class | MemberKind.Struct | MemberKind.Delegate | MemberKind.Enum |
7916 MemberKind.Interface | MemberKind.TypeParameter | MemberKind.ArrayType;
7918 return (type.Kind & dot_kinds) != 0 || type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic;
7921 public override Expression LookupNameExpression (ResolveContext rc, MemberLookupRestrictions restrictions)
7923 var sn = expr as SimpleName;
7924 const ResolveFlags flags = ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type;
7927 // Resolve the expression with flow analysis turned off, we'll do the definite
7928 // assignment checks later. This is because we don't know yet what the expression
7929 // will resolve to - it may resolve to a FieldExpr and in this case we must do the
7930 // definite assignment check on the actual field and not on the whole struct.
7932 using (rc.Set (ResolveContext.Options.OmitStructFlowAnalysis)) {
7934 expr = sn.LookupNameExpression (rc, MemberLookupRestrictions.ReadAccess | MemberLookupRestrictions.ExactArity);
7937 // Resolve expression which does have type set as we need expression type
7938 // with disable flow analysis as we don't know whether left side expression
7939 // is used as variable or type
7941 if (expr is VariableReference || expr is ConstantExpr || expr is Linq.TransparentMemberAccess) {
7942 using (rc.With (ResolveContext.Options.DoFlowAnalysis, false)) {
7943 expr = expr.Resolve (rc);
7945 } else if (expr is TypeParameterExpr) {
7946 expr.Error_UnexpectedKind (rc, flags, sn.Location);
7950 expr = expr.Resolve (rc, flags);
7957 Namespace ns = expr as Namespace;
7959 var retval = ns.LookupTypeOrNamespace (rc, Name, Arity, LookupMode.Normal, loc);
7961 if (retval == null) {
7962 ns.Error_NamespaceDoesNotExist (rc, Name, Arity, loc);
7966 if (HasTypeArguments)
7967 return new GenericTypeExpr (retval.Type, targs, loc);
7973 TypeSpec expr_type = expr.Type;
7974 if (expr_type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
7975 me = expr as MemberExpr;
7977 me.ResolveInstanceExpression (rc, null);
7980 // Run defined assigned checks on expressions resolved with
7981 // disabled flow-analysis
7984 var vr = expr as VariableReference;
7986 vr.VerifyAssigned (rc);
7989 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
7990 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
7991 return new DynamicMemberBinder (Name, args, loc);
7994 if (!IsValidDotExpression (expr_type)) {
7995 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (rc, expr_type);
7999 var lookup_arity = Arity;
8000 bool errorMode = false;
8001 Expression member_lookup;
8003 member_lookup = MemberLookup (rc, errorMode, expr_type, Name, lookup_arity, restrictions, loc);
8004 if (member_lookup == null) {
8006 // Try to look for extension method when member lookup failed
8008 if (MethodGroupExpr.IsExtensionMethodArgument (expr)) {
8009 var methods = rc.LookupExtensionMethod (expr_type, Name, lookup_arity);
8010 if (methods != null) {
8011 var emg = new ExtensionMethodGroupExpr (methods, expr, loc);
8012 if (HasTypeArguments) {
8013 if (!targs.Resolve (rc))
8016 emg.SetTypeArguments (rc, targs);
8020 // Run defined assigned checks on expressions resolved with
8021 // disabled flow-analysis
8023 if (sn != null && !errorMode) {
8024 var vr = expr as VariableReference;
8026 vr.VerifyAssigned (rc);
8029 // TODO: it should really skip the checks bellow
8030 return emg.Resolve (rc);
8036 if (member_lookup == null) {
8037 var dep = expr_type.GetMissingDependencies ();
8039 ImportedTypeDefinition.Error_MissingDependency (rc, dep, loc);
8040 } else if (expr is TypeExpr) {
8041 base.Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (rc, expr_type, Name);
8043 Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (rc, expr_type, Name);
8049 if (member_lookup is MethodGroupExpr) {
8050 // Leave it to overload resolution to report correct error
8051 } else if (!(member_lookup is TypeExpr)) {
8052 // TODO: rc.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError
8053 ErrorIsInaccesible (rc, member_lookup.GetSignatureForError (), loc);
8058 if (member_lookup != null)
8062 restrictions &= ~MemberLookupRestrictions.InvocableOnly;
8066 TypeExpr texpr = member_lookup as TypeExpr;
8067 if (texpr != null) {
8068 if (!(expr is TypeExpr)) {
8069 me = expr as MemberExpr;
8070 if (me == null || me.ProbeIdenticalTypeName (rc, expr, sn) == expr) {
8071 rc.Report.Error (572, loc, "`{0}': cannot reference a type through an expression; try `{1}' instead",
8072 Name, member_lookup.GetSignatureForError ());
8077 if (!texpr.Type.IsAccessible (rc)) {
8078 rc.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (member_lookup.Type);
8079 ErrorIsInaccesible (rc, member_lookup.Type.GetSignatureForError (), loc);
8083 if (HasTypeArguments) {
8084 return new GenericTypeExpr (member_lookup.Type, targs, loc);
8087 return member_lookup;
8090 me = member_lookup as MemberExpr;
8092 if (sn != null && me.IsStatic && (expr = me.ProbeIdenticalTypeName (rc, expr, sn)) != expr) {
8096 me = me.ResolveMemberAccess (rc, expr, sn);
8099 if (!targs.Resolve (rc))
8102 me.SetTypeArguments (rc, targs);
8106 // Run defined assigned checks on expressions resolved with
8107 // disabled flow-analysis
8109 if (sn != null && !(me is FieldExpr && TypeSpec.IsValueType (expr_type))) {
8110 var vr = expr as VariableReference;
8112 vr.VerifyAssigned (rc);
8118 public override FullNamedExpression ResolveAsTypeOrNamespace (IMemberContext rc)
8120 FullNamedExpression fexpr = expr as FullNamedExpression;
8121 if (fexpr == null) {
8122 expr.ResolveAsType (rc);
8126 FullNamedExpression expr_resolved = fexpr.ResolveAsTypeOrNamespace (rc);
8128 if (expr_resolved == null)
8131 Namespace ns = expr_resolved as Namespace;
8133 FullNamedExpression retval = ns.LookupTypeOrNamespace (rc, Name, Arity, LookupMode.Normal, loc);
8135 if (retval == null) {
8136 ns.Error_NamespaceDoesNotExist (rc, Name, Arity, loc);
8137 } else if (HasTypeArguments) {
8138 retval = new GenericTypeExpr (retval.Type, targs, loc);
8139 if (retval.ResolveAsType (rc) == null)
8146 var tnew_expr = expr_resolved.ResolveAsType (rc);
8147 if (tnew_expr == null)
8150 TypeSpec expr_type = tnew_expr;
8151 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (expr_type)) {
8152 rc.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (704, loc, "A nested type cannot be specified through a type parameter `{0}'",
8153 tnew_expr.GetSignatureForError ());
8157 var qam = this as QualifiedAliasMember;
8159 rc.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (431, loc,
8160 "Alias `{0}' cannot be used with `::' since it denotes a type. Consider replacing `::' with `.'",
8165 TypeSpec nested = null;
8166 while (expr_type != null) {
8167 nested = MemberCache.FindNestedType (expr_type, Name, Arity);
8168 if (nested == null) {
8169 if (expr_type == tnew_expr) {
8170 Error_IdentifierNotFound (rc, expr_type, Name);
8174 expr_type = tnew_expr;
8175 nested = MemberCache.FindNestedType (expr_type, Name, Arity);
8176 ErrorIsInaccesible (rc, nested.GetSignatureForError (), loc);
8180 if (nested.IsAccessible (rc))
8184 // Keep looking after inaccessible candidate but only if
8185 // we are not in same context as the definition itself
8187 if (expr_type.MemberDefinition == rc.CurrentMemberDefinition)
8190 expr_type = expr_type.BaseType;
8195 if (HasTypeArguments) {
8196 texpr = new GenericTypeExpr (nested, targs, loc);
8198 texpr = new GenericOpenTypeExpr (nested, loc);
8201 texpr = new TypeExpression (nested, loc);
8204 if (texpr.ResolveAsType (rc) == null)
8210 protected virtual void Error_IdentifierNotFound (IMemberContext rc, TypeSpec expr_type, string identifier)
8212 var nested = MemberCache.FindNestedType (expr_type, Name, -System.Math.Max (1, Arity));
8214 if (nested != null) {
8215 Error_TypeArgumentsCannotBeUsed (rc, nested, Arity, expr.Location);
8219 var any_other_member = MemberLookup (rc, false, expr_type, Name, 0, MemberLookupRestrictions.None, loc);
8220 if (any_other_member != null) {
8221 any_other_member.Error_UnexpectedKind (rc, any_other_member, "type", any_other_member.ExprClassName, loc);
8225 rc.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (426, loc, "The nested type `{0}' does not exist in the type `{1}'",
8226 Name, expr_type.GetSignatureForError ());
8229 protected override void Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec type, string name)
8231 if (ec.Module.Compiler.Settings.Version > LanguageVersion.ISO_2 && !ec.IsRuntimeBinder && MethodGroupExpr.IsExtensionMethodArgument (expr)) {
8232 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (type);
8233 ec.Report.Error (1061, loc,
8234 "Type `{0}' does not contain a definition for `{1}' and no extension method `{1}' of type `{0}' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)",
8235 type.GetSignatureForError (), name);
8239 base.Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ec, type, name);
8242 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
8244 return expr.GetSignatureForError () + "." + base.GetSignatureForError ();
8247 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8249 MemberAccess target = (MemberAccess) t;
8251 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
8254 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
8256 return visitor.Visit (this);
8261 /// Implements checked expressions
8263 public class CheckedExpr : Expression {
8265 public Expression Expr;
8267 public CheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
8273 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
8275 return Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
8278 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8280 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true))
8281 return Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
8284 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8286 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true))
8287 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
8292 if (Expr is Constant || Expr is MethodGroupExpr || Expr is AnonymousMethodExpression || Expr is DefaultValueExpression)
8295 eclass = Expr.eclass;
8300 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8302 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope, true))
8306 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
8308 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope, true))
8309 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
8312 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
8314 using (ctx.With (BuilderContext.Options.CheckedScope, true)) {
8315 return Expr.MakeExpression (ctx);
8319 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8321 CheckedExpr target = (CheckedExpr) t;
8323 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
8326 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
8328 return visitor.Visit (this);
8333 /// Implements the unchecked expression
8335 public class UnCheckedExpr : Expression {
8337 public Expression Expr;
8339 public UnCheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
8345 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
8347 return Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
8350 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8352 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, false))
8353 return Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
8356 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8358 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, false))
8359 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
8364 if (Expr is Constant || Expr is MethodGroupExpr || Expr is AnonymousMethodExpression || Expr is DefaultValueExpression)
8367 eclass = Expr.eclass;
8372 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8374 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope, false))
8378 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
8380 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope, false))
8381 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
8384 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8386 UnCheckedExpr target = (UnCheckedExpr) t;
8388 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
8391 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
8393 return visitor.Visit (this);
8398 /// An Element Access expression.
8400 /// During semantic analysis these are transformed into
8401 /// IndexerAccess, ArrayAccess or a PointerArithmetic.
8403 public class ElementAccess : Expression
8405 public Arguments Arguments;
8406 public Expression Expr;
8408 public ElementAccess (Expression e, Arguments args, Location loc)
8412 this.Arguments = args;
8415 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
8417 return Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || Arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
8421 // We perform some simple tests, and then to "split" the emit and store
8422 // code we create an instance of a different class, and return that.
8424 Expression CreateAccessExpression (ResolveContext ec)
8427 return (new ArrayAccess (this, loc));
8430 return MakePointerAccess (ec, type);
8432 FieldExpr fe = Expr as FieldExpr;
8434 var ff = fe.Spec as FixedFieldSpec;
8436 return MakePointerAccess (ec, ff.ElementType);
8440 var indexers = MemberCache.FindMembers (type, MemberCache.IndexerNameAlias, false);
8441 if (indexers != null || type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
8442 return new IndexerExpr (indexers, type, this);
8445 if (type != InternalType.ErrorType) {
8446 ec.Report.Error (21, loc, "Cannot apply indexing with [] to an expression of type `{0}'",
8447 type.GetSignatureForError ());
8453 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8455 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, Arguments,
8456 Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
8458 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "ArrayIndex", args);
8461 Expression MakePointerAccess (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec type)
8463 if (Arguments.Count != 1){
8464 ec.Report.Error (196, loc, "A pointer must be indexed by only one value");
8468 if (Arguments [0] is NamedArgument)
8469 Error_NamedArgument ((NamedArgument) Arguments[0], ec.Report);
8471 Expression p = new PointerArithmetic (Binary.Operator.Addition, Expr, Arguments [0].Expr.Resolve (ec), type, loc);
8472 return new Indirection (p, loc);
8475 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8477 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
8483 // TODO: Create 1 result for Resolve and ResolveLValue ?
8484 var res = CreateAccessExpression (ec);
8488 return res.Resolve (ec);
8491 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression rhs)
8493 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
8499 var res = CreateAccessExpression (ec);
8503 bool lvalue_instance = rhs != null && type.IsStruct && (Expr is Invocation || Expr is PropertyExpr);
8504 if (lvalue_instance) {
8505 Expr.Error_ValueAssignment (ec, EmptyExpression.LValueMemberAccess);
8508 return res.ResolveLValue (ec, rhs);
8511 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8513 throw new Exception ("Should never be reached");
8516 public static void Error_NamedArgument (NamedArgument na, Report Report)
8518 Report.Error (1742, na.Location, "An element access expression cannot use named argument");
8521 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
8523 return Expr.GetSignatureForError ();
8526 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8528 ElementAccess target = (ElementAccess) t;
8530 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
8531 if (Arguments != null)
8532 target.Arguments = Arguments.Clone (clonectx);
8535 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
8537 return visitor.Visit (this);
8542 /// Implements array access
8544 public class ArrayAccess : Expression, IDynamicAssign, IMemoryLocation {
8546 // Points to our "data" repository
8550 LocalTemporary temp;
8552 bool? has_await_args;
8554 public ArrayAccess (ElementAccess ea_data, Location l)
8560 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
8562 var ac = (ArrayContainer) ea.Expr.Type;
8564 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, false, false);
8566 if (ac.Element.IsGenericParameter && mode == AddressOp.Load)
8567 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Readonly);
8569 ec.EmitArrayAddress (ac);
8572 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8574 return ea.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
8577 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
8579 return ea.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
8582 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
8584 return DoResolve (ec);
8587 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8589 // dynamic is used per argument in ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex case
8591 ea.Arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
8593 var ac = ea.Expr.Type as ArrayContainer;
8594 int rank = ea.Arguments.Count;
8595 if (ac.Rank != rank) {
8596 ec.Report.Error (22, ea.Location, "Wrong number of indexes `{0}' inside [], expected `{1}'",
8597 rank.ToString (), ac.Rank.ToString ());
8602 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.IsUnsafe) {
8603 UnsafeError (ec, ea.Location);
8606 foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments) {
8607 if (a is NamedArgument)
8608 ElementAccess.Error_NamedArgument ((NamedArgument) a, ec.Report);
8610 a.Expr = ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex (ec, a.Expr);
8613 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
8618 protected override void Error_NegativeArrayIndex (ResolveContext ec, Location loc)
8620 ec.Report.Warning (251, 2, loc, "Indexing an array with a negative index (array indices always start at zero)");
8624 // Load the array arguments into the stack.
8626 void LoadInstanceAndArguments (EmitContext ec, bool duplicateArguments, bool prepareAwait)
8629 ea.Expr = ea.Expr.EmitToField (ec);
8630 } else if (duplicateArguments) {
8632 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8634 var copy = new LocalTemporary (ea.Expr.Type);
8641 var dup_args = ea.Arguments.Emit (ec, duplicateArguments, prepareAwait);
8642 if (dup_args != null)
8643 ea.Arguments = dup_args;
8646 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
8648 var ac = ea.Expr.Type as ArrayContainer;
8651 ec.EmitLoadFromPtr (type);
8653 if (!has_await_args.HasValue && ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && ea.Arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ()) {
8654 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, false, true);
8657 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, false, false);
8658 ec.EmitArrayLoad (ac);
8662 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8663 temp = new LocalTemporary (this.type);
8668 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8673 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool isCompound)
8675 var ac = (ArrayContainer) ea.Expr.Type;
8676 TypeSpec t = source.Type;
8678 has_await_args = ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && (ea.Arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || source.ContainsEmitWithAwait ());
8681 // When we are dealing with a struct, get the address of it to avoid value copy
8682 // Same cannot be done for reference type because array covariance and the
8683 // check in ldelema requires to specify the type of array element stored at the index
8685 if (t.IsStruct && ((isCompound && !(source is DynamicExpressionStatement)) || !BuiltinTypeSpec.IsPrimitiveType (t))) {
8686 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, false, has_await_args.Value);
8688 if (has_await_args.Value) {
8689 if (source.ContainsEmitWithAwait ()) {
8690 source = source.EmitToField (ec);
8695 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, isCompound, false);
8700 ec.EmitArrayAddress (ac);
8703 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8707 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, isCompound, has_await_args.Value);
8709 if (has_await_args.Value) {
8710 if (source.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
8711 source = source.EmitToField (ec);
8713 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, false, false);
8720 var lt = ea.Expr as LocalTemporary;
8726 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8727 temp = new LocalTemporary (this.type);
8732 ec.EmitStoreFromPtr (t);
8734 ec.EmitArrayStore (ac);
8743 public override Expression EmitToField (EmitContext ec)
8746 // Have to be specialized for arrays to get access to
8747 // underlying element. Instead of another result copy we
8748 // need direct access to element
8752 // CallRef (ref a[await Task.Factory.StartNew (() => 1)]);
8754 ea.Expr = ea.Expr.EmitToField (ec);
8758 public SLE.Expression MakeAssignExpression (BuilderContext ctx, Expression source)
8760 #if NET_4_0 || MONODROID
8761 return SLE.Expression.ArrayAccess (ea.Expr.MakeExpression (ctx), MakeExpressionArguments (ctx));
8763 throw new NotImplementedException ();
8767 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
8769 return SLE.Expression.ArrayIndex (ea.Expr.MakeExpression (ctx), MakeExpressionArguments (ctx));
8772 SLE.Expression[] MakeExpressionArguments (BuilderContext ctx)
8774 using (ctx.With (BuilderContext.Options.CheckedScope, true)) {
8775 return Arguments.MakeExpression (ea.Arguments, ctx);
8781 // Indexer access expression
8783 sealed class IndexerExpr : PropertyOrIndexerExpr<IndexerSpec>, OverloadResolver.IBaseMembersProvider
8785 IList<MemberSpec> indexers;
8786 Arguments arguments;
8787 TypeSpec queried_type;
8789 public IndexerExpr (IList<MemberSpec> indexers, TypeSpec queriedType, ElementAccess ea)
8790 : base (ea.Location)
8792 this.indexers = indexers;
8793 this.queried_type = queriedType;
8794 this.InstanceExpression = ea.Expr;
8795 this.arguments = ea.Arguments;
8800 protected override Arguments Arguments {
8809 protected override TypeSpec DeclaringType {
8811 return best_candidate.DeclaringType;
8815 public override bool IsInstance {
8821 public override bool IsStatic {
8827 public override string KindName {
8828 get { return "indexer"; }
8831 public override string Name {
8839 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
8841 return base.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
8844 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8846 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, arguments,
8847 InstanceExpression.CreateExpressionTree (ec),
8848 new TypeOfMethod (Getter, loc));
8850 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Call", args);
8853 public override void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool isCompound)
8855 LocalTemporary await_source_arg = null;
8858 emitting_compound_assignment = true;
8859 if (source is DynamicExpressionStatement) {
8864 emitting_compound_assignment = false;
8866 if (has_await_arguments) {
8867 await_source_arg = new LocalTemporary (Type);
8868 await_source_arg.Store (ec);
8870 arguments.Add (new Argument (await_source_arg));
8873 temp = await_source_arg;
8876 has_await_arguments = false;
8881 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8882 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
8888 if (ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && (arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || source.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())) {
8889 source = source.EmitToField (ec);
8891 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
8898 arguments.Add (new Argument (source));
8901 var call = new CallEmitter ();
8902 call.InstanceExpression = InstanceExpression;
8903 if (arguments == null)
8904 call.InstanceExpressionOnStack = true;
8906 call.Emit (ec, Setter, arguments, loc);
8911 } else if (leave_copy) {
8915 if (await_source_arg != null) {
8916 await_source_arg.Release (ec);
8920 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
8922 return best_candidate.GetSignatureForError ();
8925 public override SLE.Expression MakeAssignExpression (BuilderContext ctx, Expression source)
8928 throw new NotSupportedException ();
8930 var value = new[] { source.MakeExpression (ctx) };
8931 var args = Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx).Concat (value);
8932 #if NET_4_0 || MONODROID
8933 return SLE.Expression.Block (
8934 SLE.Expression.Call (InstanceExpression.MakeExpression (ctx), (MethodInfo) Setter.GetMetaInfo (), args),
8937 return args.First ();
8942 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
8945 return base.MakeExpression (ctx);
8947 var args = Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx);
8948 return SLE.Expression.Call (InstanceExpression.MakeExpression (ctx), (MethodInfo) Getter.GetMetaInfo (), args);
8952 protected override Expression OverloadResolve (ResolveContext rc, Expression right_side)
8954 if (best_candidate != null)
8957 eclass = ExprClass.IndexerAccess;
8960 arguments.Resolve (rc, out dynamic);
8962 if (indexers == null && InstanceExpression.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
8965 var res = new OverloadResolver (indexers, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.None, loc);
8966 res.BaseMembersProvider = this;
8967 res.InstanceQualifier = this;
8969 // TODO: Do I need 2 argument sets?
8970 best_candidate = res.ResolveMember<IndexerSpec> (rc, ref arguments);
8971 if (best_candidate != null)
8972 type = res.BestCandidateReturnType;
8973 else if (!res.BestCandidateIsDynamic)
8978 // It has dynamic arguments
8981 Arguments args = new Arguments (arguments.Count + 1);
8983 rc.Report.Error (1972, loc,
8984 "The indexer base access cannot be dynamically dispatched. Consider casting the dynamic arguments or eliminating the base access");
8986 args.Add (new Argument (InstanceExpression));
8988 args.AddRange (arguments);
8990 best_candidate = null;
8991 return new DynamicIndexBinder (args, loc);
8995 // Try to avoid resolving left expression again
8997 if (right_side != null)
8998 ResolveInstanceExpression (rc, right_side);
9003 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9005 IndexerExpr target = (IndexerExpr) t;
9007 if (arguments != null)
9008 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
9011 public override void SetTypeArguments (ResolveContext ec, TypeArguments ta)
9013 Error_TypeArgumentsCannotBeUsed (ec, "indexer", GetSignatureForError (), loc);
9016 #region IBaseMembersProvider Members
9018 IList<MemberSpec> OverloadResolver.IBaseMembersProvider.GetBaseMembers (TypeSpec baseType)
9020 return baseType == null ? null : MemberCache.FindMembers (baseType, MemberCache.IndexerNameAlias, false);
9023 IParametersMember OverloadResolver.IBaseMembersProvider.GetOverrideMemberParameters (MemberSpec member)
9025 if (queried_type == member.DeclaringType)
9028 var filter = new MemberFilter (MemberCache.IndexerNameAlias, 0, MemberKind.Indexer, ((IndexerSpec) member).Parameters, null);
9029 return MemberCache.FindMember (queried_type, filter, BindingRestriction.InstanceOnly | BindingRestriction.OverrideOnly) as IParametersMember;
9032 MethodGroupExpr OverloadResolver.IBaseMembersProvider.LookupExtensionMethod (ResolveContext rc)
9041 // A base access expression
9043 public class BaseThis : This
9045 public BaseThis (Location loc)
9050 public BaseThis (TypeSpec type, Location loc)
9054 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
9059 public override string Name {
9067 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9069 ec.Report.Error (831, loc, "An expression tree may not contain a base access");
9070 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
9073 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9077 var context_type = ec.CurrentType;
9078 if (context_type.IsStruct) {
9079 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldobj, context_type);
9080 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Box, context_type);
9084 protected override void Error_ThisNotAvailable (ResolveContext ec)
9087 ec.Report.Error (1511, loc, "Keyword `base' is not available in a static method");
9089 ec.Report.Error (1512, loc, "Keyword `base' is not available in the current context");
9093 public override void ResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
9095 base.ResolveBase (ec);
9096 type = ec.CurrentType.BaseType;
9099 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
9101 return visitor.Visit (this);
9106 /// This class exists solely to pass the Type around and to be a dummy
9107 /// that can be passed to the conversion functions (this is used by
9108 /// foreach implementation to typecast the object return value from
9109 /// get_Current into the proper type. All code has been generated and
9110 /// we only care about the side effect conversions to be performed
9112 /// This is also now used as a placeholder where a no-action expression
9113 /// is needed (the `New' class).
9115 public class EmptyExpression : Expression
9117 sealed class OutAccessExpression : EmptyExpression
9119 public OutAccessExpression (TypeSpec t)
9124 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext rc, Expression right_side)
9126 rc.Report.Error (206, right_side.Location,
9127 "A property, indexer or dynamic member access may not be passed as `ref' or `out' parameter");
9133 public static readonly EmptyExpression LValueMemberAccess = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9134 public static readonly EmptyExpression LValueMemberOutAccess = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9135 public static readonly EmptyExpression UnaryAddress = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9136 public static readonly EmptyExpression EventAddition = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9137 public static readonly EmptyExpression EventSubtraction = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9138 public static readonly EmptyExpression MissingValue = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9139 public static readonly Expression Null = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9140 public static readonly EmptyExpression OutAccess = new OutAccessExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9142 public EmptyExpression (TypeSpec t)
9145 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9146 loc = Location.Null;
9149 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9154 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9156 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
9159 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9164 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9166 // nothing, as we only exist to not do anything.
9169 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
9173 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
9175 return visitor.Visit (this);
9179 sealed class EmptyAwaitExpression : EmptyExpression
9181 public EmptyAwaitExpression (TypeSpec type)
9186 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9193 // Empty statement expression
9195 public sealed class EmptyExpressionStatement : ExpressionStatement
9197 public static readonly EmptyExpressionStatement Instance = new EmptyExpressionStatement ();
9199 private EmptyExpressionStatement ()
9201 loc = Location.Null;
9204 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9209 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9214 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
9219 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9221 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9222 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Object;
9226 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9231 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
9233 return visitor.Visit (this);
9237 public class ErrorExpression : EmptyExpression
9239 public static readonly ErrorExpression Instance = new ErrorExpression ();
9241 private ErrorExpression ()
9242 : base (InternalType.ErrorType)
9246 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9251 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext rc, Expression right_side)
9256 public override void Error_ValueAssignment (ResolveContext rc, Expression rhs)
9260 public override void Error_UnexpectedKind (ResolveContext ec, ResolveFlags flags, Location loc)
9264 public override void Error_ValueCannotBeConverted (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec target, bool expl)
9268 public override void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext rc, Location loc, string oper, TypeSpec t)
9272 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
9274 return visitor.Visit (this);
9278 public class UserCast : Expression {
9282 public UserCast (MethodSpec method, Expression source, Location l)
9284 this.method = method;
9285 this.source = source;
9286 type = method.ReturnType;
9290 public Expression Source {
9296 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9298 return source.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
9301 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9303 Arguments args = new Arguments (3);
9304 args.Add (new Argument (source.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9305 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (type, loc)));
9306 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOfMethod (method, loc)));
9307 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Convert", args);
9310 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9312 ObsoleteAttribute oa = method.GetAttributeObsolete ();
9314 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, GetSignatureForError (), loc, ec.Report);
9316 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9320 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9323 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method);
9326 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
9328 return TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method);
9331 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
9334 return base.MakeExpression (ctx);
9336 return SLE.Expression.Convert (source.MakeExpression (ctx), type.GetMetaInfo (), (MethodInfo) method.GetMetaInfo ());
9342 // Holds additional type specifiers like ?, *, []
9344 public class ComposedTypeSpecifier
9346 public static readonly ComposedTypeSpecifier SingleDimension = new ComposedTypeSpecifier (1, Location.Null);
9348 public readonly int Dimension;
9349 public readonly Location Location;
9351 public ComposedTypeSpecifier (int specifier, Location loc)
9353 this.Dimension = specifier;
9354 this.Location = loc;
9358 public bool IsNullable {
9360 return Dimension == -1;
9364 public bool IsPointer {
9366 return Dimension == -2;
9370 public ComposedTypeSpecifier Next { get; set; }
9374 public static ComposedTypeSpecifier CreateArrayDimension (int dimension, Location loc)
9376 return new ComposedTypeSpecifier (dimension, loc);
9379 public static ComposedTypeSpecifier CreateNullable (Location loc)
9381 return new ComposedTypeSpecifier (-1, loc);
9384 public static ComposedTypeSpecifier CreatePointer (Location loc)
9386 return new ComposedTypeSpecifier (-2, loc);
9389 public string GetSignatureForError ()
9394 ArrayContainer.GetPostfixSignature (Dimension);
9396 return Next != null ? s + Next.GetSignatureForError () : s;
9401 // This class is used to "construct" the type during a typecast
9402 // operation. Since the Type.GetType class in .NET can parse
9403 // the type specification, we just use this to construct the type
9404 // one bit at a time.
9406 public class ComposedCast : TypeExpr {
9407 FullNamedExpression left;
9408 ComposedTypeSpecifier spec;
9410 public ComposedCast (FullNamedExpression left, ComposedTypeSpecifier spec)
9413 throw new ArgumentNullException ("spec");
9417 this.loc = left.Location;
9420 public override TypeSpec ResolveAsType (IMemberContext ec)
9422 type = left.ResolveAsType (ec);
9426 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
9428 var single_spec = spec;
9430 if (single_spec.IsNullable) {
9431 type = new Nullable.NullableType (type, loc).ResolveAsType (ec);
9435 single_spec = single_spec.Next;
9436 } else if (single_spec.IsPointer) {
9437 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Module, type, loc))
9441 UnsafeError (ec.Module.Compiler.Report, loc);
9445 type = PointerContainer.MakeType (ec.Module, type);
9446 single_spec = single_spec.Next;
9447 } while (single_spec != null && single_spec.IsPointer);
9450 if (single_spec != null && single_spec.Dimension > 0) {
9451 if (type.IsSpecialRuntimeType) {
9452 ec.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (611, loc, "Array elements cannot be of type `{0}'", type.GetSignatureForError ());
9453 } else if (type.IsStatic) {
9454 ec.Module.Compiler.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (type);
9455 ec.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (719, loc, "Array elements cannot be of static type `{0}'",
9456 type.GetSignatureForError ());
9458 MakeArray (ec.Module, single_spec);
9465 void MakeArray (ModuleContainer module, ComposedTypeSpecifier spec)
9467 if (spec.Next != null)
9468 MakeArray (module, spec.Next);
9470 type = ArrayContainer.MakeType (module, type, spec.Dimension);
9473 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
9475 return left.GetSignatureForError () + spec.GetSignatureForError ();
9478 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
9480 return visitor.Visit (this);
9484 class FixedBufferPtr : Expression
9486 readonly Expression array;
9488 public FixedBufferPtr (Expression array, TypeSpec array_type, Location l)
9490 this.type = array_type;
9495 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9497 throw new NotImplementedException ();
9500 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9502 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
9506 public override void Emit(EmitContext ec)
9511 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9513 type = PointerContainer.MakeType (ec.Module, type);
9514 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9521 // This class is used to represent the address of an array, used
9522 // only by the Fixed statement, this generates "&a [0]" construct
9523 // for fixed (char *pa = a)
9525 class ArrayPtr : FixedBufferPtr
9527 public ArrayPtr (Expression array, TypeSpec array_type, Location l):
9528 base (array, array_type, l)
9532 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9537 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, ((PointerContainer) type).Element);
9542 // Encapsulates a conversion rules required for array indexes
9544 public class ArrayIndexCast : TypeCast
9546 public ArrayIndexCast (Expression expr, TypeSpec returnType)
9547 : base (expr, returnType)
9549 if (expr.Type == returnType) // int -> int
9550 throw new ArgumentException ("unnecessary array index conversion");
9553 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9555 using (ec.Set (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
9556 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
9560 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9564 switch (child.Type.BuiltinType) {
9565 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
9566 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U);
9568 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
9569 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I);
9571 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
9572 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I_Un);
9575 throw new InternalErrorException ("Cannot emit cast to unknown array element type", type);
9581 // Implements the `stackalloc' keyword
9583 public class StackAlloc : Expression {
9588 public StackAlloc (Expression type, Expression count, Location l)
9595 public Expression TypeExpression {
9601 public Expression CountExpression {
9607 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9612 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9614 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
9617 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9619 count = count.Resolve (ec);
9623 if (count.Type.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt){
9624 count = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, count, ec.BuiltinTypes.Int, loc);
9629 Constant c = count as Constant;
9630 if (c != null && c.IsNegative) {
9631 ec.Report.Error (247, loc, "Cannot use a negative size with stackalloc");
9634 if (ec.HasAny (ResolveContext.Options.CatchScope | ResolveContext.Options.FinallyScope)) {
9635 ec.Report.Error (255, loc, "Cannot use stackalloc in finally or catch");
9638 otype = t.ResolveAsType (ec);
9642 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Module, otype, loc))
9645 type = PointerContainer.MakeType (ec.Module, otype);
9646 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9651 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9653 int size = BuiltinTypeSpec.GetSize (otype);
9658 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, otype);
9662 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un);
9663 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Localloc);
9666 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9668 StackAlloc target = (StackAlloc) t;
9669 target.count = count.Clone (clonectx);
9670 target.t = t.Clone (clonectx);
9673 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
9675 return visitor.Visit (this);
9680 // An object initializer expression
9682 public class ElementInitializer : Assign
9684 public readonly string Name;
9686 public ElementInitializer (string name, Expression initializer, Location loc)
9687 : base (null, initializer, loc)
9692 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9694 ElementInitializer target = (ElementInitializer) t;
9695 target.source = source.Clone (clonectx);
9698 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9700 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
9701 FieldExpr fe = target as FieldExpr;
9703 args.Add (new Argument (fe.CreateTypeOfExpression ()));
9705 args.Add (new Argument (((PropertyExpr) target).CreateSetterTypeOfExpression (ec)));
9708 Expression arg_expr;
9709 var cinit = source as CollectionOrObjectInitializers;
9710 if (cinit == null) {
9712 arg_expr = source.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
9714 mname = cinit.IsEmpty || cinit.Initializers[0] is ElementInitializer ? "MemberBind" : "ListBind";
9715 arg_expr = cinit.CreateExpressionTree (ec, !cinit.IsEmpty);
9718 args.Add (new Argument (arg_expr));
9719 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, mname, args);
9722 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9725 return EmptyExpressionStatement.Instance;
9727 var t = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type;
9728 if (t.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
9729 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
9730 args.Add (new Argument (ec.CurrentInitializerVariable));
9731 target = new DynamicMemberBinder (Name, args, loc);
9734 var member = MemberLookup (ec, false, t, Name, 0, MemberLookupRestrictions.ExactArity, loc);
9735 if (member == null) {
9736 member = Expression.MemberLookup (ec, true, t, Name, 0, MemberLookupRestrictions.ExactArity, loc);
9738 if (member != null) {
9739 // TODO: ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (member);
9740 ErrorIsInaccesible (ec, member.GetSignatureForError (), loc);
9745 if (member == null) {
9746 Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ec, loc, t, Name);
9750 if (!(member is PropertyExpr || member is FieldExpr)) {
9751 ec.Report.Error (1913, loc,
9752 "Member `{0}' cannot be initialized. An object initializer may only be used for fields, or properties",
9753 member.GetSignatureForError ());
9758 var me = member as MemberExpr;
9760 ec.Report.Error (1914, loc,
9761 "Static field or property `{0}' cannot be assigned in an object initializer",
9762 me.GetSignatureForError ());
9766 me.InstanceExpression = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable;
9769 if (source is CollectionOrObjectInitializers) {
9770 Expression previous = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable;
9771 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = target;
9772 source = source.Resolve (ec);
9773 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = previous;
9777 eclass = source.eclass;
9782 return base.DoResolve (ec);
9785 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
9787 if (source is CollectionOrObjectInitializers)
9790 base.EmitStatement (ec);
9795 // A collection initializer expression
9797 class CollectionElementInitializer : Invocation
9799 public class ElementInitializerArgument : Argument
9801 public ElementInitializerArgument (Expression e)
9807 sealed class AddMemberAccess : MemberAccess
9809 public AddMemberAccess (Expression expr, Location loc)
9810 : base (expr, "Add", loc)
9814 protected override void Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec type, string name)
9816 if (TypeManager.HasElementType (type))
9819 base.Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ec, type, name);
9823 public CollectionElementInitializer (Expression argument)
9824 : base (null, new Arguments (1))
9826 base.arguments.Add (new ElementInitializerArgument (argument));
9827 this.loc = argument.Location;
9830 public CollectionElementInitializer (List<Expression> arguments, Location loc)
9831 : base (null, new Arguments (arguments.Count))
9833 foreach (Expression e in arguments)
9834 base.arguments.Add (new ElementInitializerArgument (e));
9839 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9841 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
9842 args.Add (new Argument (mg.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9844 var expr_initializers = new ArrayInitializer (arguments.Count, loc);
9845 foreach (Argument a in arguments)
9846 expr_initializers.Add (a.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
9848 args.Add (new Argument (new ArrayCreation (
9849 CreateExpressionTypeExpression (ec, loc), expr_initializers, loc)));
9850 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "ElementInit", args);
9853 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9855 CollectionElementInitializer target = (CollectionElementInitializer) t;
9856 if (arguments != null)
9857 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
9860 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9862 base.expr = new AddMemberAccess (ec.CurrentInitializerVariable, loc);
9864 return base.DoResolve (ec);
9869 // A block of object or collection initializers
9871 public class CollectionOrObjectInitializers : ExpressionStatement
9873 IList<Expression> initializers;
9874 bool is_collection_initialization;
9876 public static readonly CollectionOrObjectInitializers Empty =
9877 new CollectionOrObjectInitializers (Array.AsReadOnly (new Expression [0]), Location.Null);
9879 public CollectionOrObjectInitializers (IList<Expression> initializers, Location loc)
9881 this.initializers = initializers;
9885 public IList<Expression> Initializers {
9887 return initializers;
9891 public bool IsEmpty {
9893 return initializers.Count == 0;
9897 public bool IsCollectionInitializer {
9899 return is_collection_initialization;
9903 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
9905 CollectionOrObjectInitializers t = (CollectionOrObjectInitializers) target;
9907 t.initializers = new List<Expression> (initializers.Count);
9908 foreach (var e in initializers)
9909 t.initializers.Add (e.Clone (clonectx));
9912 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9914 foreach (var e in initializers) {
9915 if (e.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
9922 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9924 return CreateExpressionTree (ec, false);
9927 public Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec, bool inferType)
9929 var expr_initializers = new ArrayInitializer (initializers.Count, loc);
9930 foreach (Expression e in initializers) {
9931 Expression expr = e.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
9933 expr_initializers.Add (expr);
9937 return new ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (expr_initializers, loc);
9939 return new ArrayCreation (new TypeExpression (ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.MemberBinding.Resolve (), loc), expr_initializers, loc);
9942 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9944 List<string> element_names = null;
9945 for (int i = 0; i < initializers.Count; ++i) {
9946 Expression initializer = initializers [i];
9947 ElementInitializer element_initializer = initializer as ElementInitializer;
9950 if (element_initializer != null) {
9951 element_names = new List<string> (initializers.Count);
9952 element_names.Add (element_initializer.Name);
9953 } else if (initializer is CompletingExpression){
9954 initializer.Resolve (ec);
9955 throw new InternalErrorException ("This line should never be reached");
9957 var t = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type;
9958 // LAMESPEC: The collection must implement IEnumerable only, no dynamic support
9959 if (!t.ImplementsInterface (ec.BuiltinTypes.IEnumerable, false) && t.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
9960 ec.Report.Error (1922, loc, "A field or property `{0}' cannot be initialized with a collection " +
9961 "object initializer because type `{1}' does not implement `{2}' interface",
9962 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.GetSignatureForError (),
9963 TypeManager.CSharpName (ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type),
9964 TypeManager.CSharpName (ec.BuiltinTypes.IEnumerable));
9967 is_collection_initialization = true;
9970 if (is_collection_initialization != (element_initializer == null)) {
9971 ec.Report.Error (747, initializer.Location, "Inconsistent `{0}' member declaration",
9972 is_collection_initialization ? "collection initializer" : "object initializer");
9976 if (!is_collection_initialization) {
9977 if (element_names.Contains (element_initializer.Name)) {
9978 ec.Report.Error (1912, element_initializer.Location,
9979 "An object initializer includes more than one member `{0}' initialization",
9980 element_initializer.Name);
9982 element_names.Add (element_initializer.Name);
9987 Expression e = initializer.Resolve (ec);
9988 if (e == EmptyExpressionStatement.Instance)
9989 initializers.RemoveAt (i--);
9991 initializers [i] = e;
9994 type = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type;
9995 if (is_collection_initialization) {
9996 if (TypeManager.HasElementType (type)) {
9997 ec.Report.Error (1925, loc, "Cannot initialize object of type `{0}' with a collection initializer",
9998 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
10002 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
10006 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
10008 EmitStatement (ec);
10011 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
10013 foreach (ExpressionStatement e in initializers) {
10014 // TODO: need location region
10015 ec.Mark (e.Location);
10016 e.EmitStatement (ec);
10022 // New expression with element/object initializers
10024 public class NewInitialize : New
10027 // This class serves as a proxy for variable initializer target instances.
10028 // A real variable is assigned later when we resolve left side of an
10031 sealed class InitializerTargetExpression : Expression, IMemoryLocation
10033 NewInitialize new_instance;
10035 public InitializerTargetExpression (NewInitialize newInstance)
10037 this.type = newInstance.type;
10038 this.loc = newInstance.loc;
10039 this.eclass = newInstance.eclass;
10040 this.new_instance = newInstance;
10043 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
10048 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
10050 // Should not be reached
10051 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
10054 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
10059 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
10064 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
10066 Expression e = (Expression) new_instance.instance;
10070 public override Expression EmitToField (EmitContext ec)
10072 return (Expression) new_instance.instance;
10075 #region IMemoryLocation Members
10077 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
10079 new_instance.instance.AddressOf (ec, mode);
10085 CollectionOrObjectInitializers initializers;
10086 IMemoryLocation instance;
10088 public NewInitialize (FullNamedExpression requested_type, Arguments arguments, CollectionOrObjectInitializers initializers, Location l)
10089 : base (requested_type, arguments, l)
10091 this.initializers = initializers;
10094 public CollectionOrObjectInitializers Initializers {
10096 return initializers;
10100 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
10102 base.CloneTo (clonectx, t);
10104 NewInitialize target = (NewInitialize) t;
10105 target.initializers = (CollectionOrObjectInitializers) initializers.Clone (clonectx);
10108 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
10110 return base.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || initializers.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
10113 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
10115 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
10116 args.Add (new Argument (base.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
10117 if (!initializers.IsEmpty)
10118 args.Add (new Argument (initializers.CreateExpressionTree (ec, initializers.IsCollectionInitializer)));
10120 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec,
10121 initializers.IsCollectionInitializer ? "ListInit" : "MemberInit",
10125 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
10127 Expression e = base.DoResolve (ec);
10131 Expression previous = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable;
10132 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = new InitializerTargetExpression (this);
10133 initializers.Resolve (ec);
10134 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = previous;
10138 public override bool Emit (EmitContext ec, IMemoryLocation target)
10140 bool left_on_stack = base.Emit (ec, target);
10142 if (initializers.IsEmpty)
10143 return left_on_stack;
10145 LocalTemporary temp = null;
10147 instance = target as LocalTemporary;
10149 if (instance == null) {
10150 if (!left_on_stack) {
10151 VariableReference vr = target as VariableReference;
10153 // FIXME: This still does not work correctly for pre-set variables
10154 if (vr != null && vr.IsRef)
10155 target.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Load);
10157 ((Expression) target).Emit (ec);
10158 left_on_stack = true;
10161 if (ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && initializers.ContainsEmitWithAwait ()) {
10162 instance = new EmptyAwaitExpression (Type).EmitToField (ec) as IMemoryLocation;
10164 temp = new LocalTemporary (type);
10169 if (left_on_stack && temp != null)
10172 initializers.Emit (ec);
10174 if (left_on_stack) {
10175 if (temp != null) {
10179 ((Expression) instance).Emit (ec);
10183 return left_on_stack;
10186 protected override IMemoryLocation EmitAddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
10188 instance = base.EmitAddressOf (ec, Mode);
10190 if (!initializers.IsEmpty)
10191 initializers.Emit (ec);
10196 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
10198 return visitor.Visit (this);
10202 public class NewAnonymousType : New
10204 static readonly AnonymousTypeParameter[] EmptyParameters = new AnonymousTypeParameter[0];
10206 List<AnonymousTypeParameter> parameters;
10207 readonly TypeContainer parent;
10208 AnonymousTypeClass anonymous_type;
10210 public NewAnonymousType (List<AnonymousTypeParameter> parameters, TypeContainer parent, Location loc)
10211 : base (null, null, loc)
10213 this.parameters = parameters;
10214 this.parent = parent;
10217 public List<AnonymousTypeParameter> Parameters {
10219 return this.parameters;
10223 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
10225 if (parameters == null)
10228 NewAnonymousType t = (NewAnonymousType) target;
10229 t.parameters = new List<AnonymousTypeParameter> (parameters.Count);
10230 foreach (AnonymousTypeParameter atp in parameters)
10231 t.parameters.Add ((AnonymousTypeParameter) atp.Clone (clonectx));
10234 AnonymousTypeClass CreateAnonymousType (ResolveContext ec, IList<AnonymousTypeParameter> parameters)
10236 AnonymousTypeClass type = parent.Module.GetAnonymousType (parameters);
10240 type = AnonymousTypeClass.Create (parent, parameters, loc);
10244 int errors = ec.Report.Errors;
10245 type.CreateContainer ();
10246 type.DefineContainer ();
10248 if ((ec.Report.Errors - errors) == 0) {
10249 parent.Module.AddAnonymousType (type);
10255 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
10257 if (parameters == null)
10258 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
10260 var init = new ArrayInitializer (parameters.Count, loc);
10261 foreach (var m in anonymous_type.Members) {
10262 var p = m as Property;
10264 init.Add (new TypeOfMethod (MemberCache.GetMember (type, p.Get.Spec), loc));
10267 var ctor_args = new ArrayInitializer (arguments.Count, loc);
10268 foreach (Argument a in arguments)
10269 ctor_args.Add (a.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
10271 Arguments args = new Arguments (3);
10272 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOfMethod (method, loc)));
10273 args.Add (new Argument (new ArrayCreation (CreateExpressionTypeExpression (ec, loc), ctor_args, loc)));
10274 args.Add (new Argument (new ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (init, loc)));
10276 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "New", args);
10279 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
10281 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.ConstantScope)) {
10282 ec.Report.Error (836, loc, "Anonymous types cannot be used in this expression");
10286 if (parameters == null) {
10287 anonymous_type = CreateAnonymousType (ec, EmptyParameters);
10288 RequestedType = new TypeExpression (anonymous_type.Definition, loc);
10289 return base.DoResolve (ec);
10292 bool error = false;
10293 arguments = new Arguments (parameters.Count);
10294 var t_args = new TypeSpec [parameters.Count];
10295 for (int i = 0; i < parameters.Count; ++i) {
10296 Expression e = parameters [i].Resolve (ec);
10302 arguments.Add (new Argument (e));
10303 t_args [i] = e.Type;
10309 anonymous_type = CreateAnonymousType (ec, parameters);
10310 if (anonymous_type == null)
10313 type = anonymous_type.Definition.MakeGenericType (ec.Module, t_args);
10314 method = (MethodSpec) MemberCache.FindMember (type, MemberFilter.Constructor (null), BindingRestriction.DeclaredOnly);
10315 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
10319 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
10321 base.EmitStatement (ec);
10324 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
10326 return visitor.Visit (this);
10330 public class AnonymousTypeParameter : ShimExpression
10332 public readonly string Name;
10334 public AnonymousTypeParameter (Expression initializer, string name, Location loc)
10335 : base (initializer)
10341 public AnonymousTypeParameter (Parameter parameter)
10342 : base (new SimpleName (parameter.Name, parameter.Location))
10344 this.Name = parameter.Name;
10345 this.loc = parameter.Location;
10348 public override bool Equals (object o)
10350 AnonymousTypeParameter other = o as AnonymousTypeParameter;
10351 return other != null && Name == other.Name;
10354 public override int GetHashCode ()
10356 return Name.GetHashCode ();
10359 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
10361 Expression e = expr.Resolve (ec);
10365 if (e.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup) {
10366 Error_InvalidInitializer (ec, e.ExprClassName);
10371 if (type.Kind == MemberKind.Void || type == InternalType.NullLiteral || type == InternalType.AnonymousMethod || type.IsPointer) {
10372 Error_InvalidInitializer (ec, type.GetSignatureForError ());
10379 protected virtual void Error_InvalidInitializer (ResolveContext ec, string initializer)
10381 ec.Report.Error (828, loc, "An anonymous type property `{0}' cannot be initialized with `{1}'",
10382 Name, initializer);