2 // expression.cs: Expression representation for the IL tree.
5 // Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com)
6 // Marek Safar (marek.safar@gmail.com)
8 // Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Ximian, Inc.
9 // Copyright 2003-2008 Novell, Inc.
13 namespace Mono.CSharp {
15 using System.Collections.Generic;
16 using System.Reflection;
17 using System.Reflection.Emit;
20 using SLE = System.Linq.Expressions;
23 // This is an user operator expression, automatically created during
26 public class UserOperatorCall : Expression {
27 public delegate Expression ExpressionTreeExpression (ResolveContext ec, MethodGroupExpr mg);
29 protected readonly Arguments arguments;
30 protected readonly MethodGroupExpr mg;
31 readonly ExpressionTreeExpression expr_tree;
33 public UserOperatorCall (MethodGroupExpr mg, Arguments args, ExpressionTreeExpression expr_tree, Location loc)
36 this.arguments = args;
37 this.expr_tree = expr_tree;
39 type = mg.BestCandidate.ReturnType;
40 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
44 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
46 if (expr_tree != null)
47 return expr_tree (ec, mg);
49 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, arguments,
50 new NullLiteral (loc),
51 mg.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
53 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Call", args);
56 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext context, Expression target)
61 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
64 // We are born fully resolved
69 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
71 mg.EmitCall (ec, arguments);
74 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
76 var method = mg.BestCandidate.GetMetaInfo () as MethodInfo;
77 return SLE.Expression.Call (method, Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx));
80 public MethodGroupExpr Method {
85 public class ParenthesizedExpression : ShimExpression
87 public ParenthesizedExpression (Expression expr)
93 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
95 return expr.Resolve (ec);
98 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
100 return expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
105 // Unary implements unary expressions.
107 public class Unary : Expression
109 public enum Operator : byte {
110 UnaryPlus, UnaryNegation, LogicalNot, OnesComplement,
114 static TypeSpec[][] predefined_operators;
116 public readonly Operator Oper;
117 public Expression Expr;
118 Expression enum_conversion;
120 public Unary (Operator op, Expression expr, Location loc)
128 // This routine will attempt to simplify the unary expression when the
129 // argument is a constant.
131 Constant TryReduceConstant (ResolveContext ec, Constant e)
133 if (e is EmptyConstantCast)
134 return TryReduceConstant (ec, ((EmptyConstantCast) e).child);
136 if (e is SideEffectConstant) {
137 Constant r = TryReduceConstant (ec, ((SideEffectConstant) e).value);
138 return r == null ? null : new SideEffectConstant (r, e, r.Location);
141 TypeSpec expr_type = e.Type;
144 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
145 // Unary numeric promotions
146 if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
147 return new IntConstant (((ByteConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
148 if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
149 return new IntConstant (((SByteConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
150 if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type)
151 return new IntConstant (((ShortConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
152 if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
153 return new IntConstant (((UShortConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
154 if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type)
155 return new IntConstant (((CharConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
157 // Predefined operators
158 if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type || expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
159 expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type || expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
160 expr_type == TypeManager.float_type || expr_type == TypeManager.double_type ||
161 expr_type == TypeManager.decimal_type) {
167 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
168 // Unary numeric promotions
169 if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
170 return new IntConstant (-((ByteConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
171 if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
172 return new IntConstant (-((SByteConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
173 if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type)
174 return new IntConstant (-((ShortConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
175 if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
176 return new IntConstant (-((UShortConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
177 if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type)
178 return new IntConstant (-((CharConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
180 // Predefined operators
181 if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
182 int value = ((IntConstant)e).Value;
183 if (value == int.MinValue) {
184 if (ec.ConstantCheckState) {
185 ConstantFold.Error_CompileTimeOverflow (ec, loc);
190 return new IntConstant (-value, e.Location);
192 if (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type) {
193 long value = ((LongConstant)e).Value;
194 if (value == long.MinValue) {
195 if (ec.ConstantCheckState) {
196 ConstantFold.Error_CompileTimeOverflow (ec, loc);
201 return new LongConstant (-value, e.Location);
204 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
205 UIntLiteral uil = e as UIntLiteral;
207 if (uil.Value == int.MaxValue + (uint) 1)
208 return new IntLiteral (int.MinValue, e.Location);
209 return new LongLiteral (-uil.Value, e.Location);
211 return new LongConstant (-((UIntConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
214 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
215 ULongLiteral ull = e as ULongLiteral;
216 if (ull != null && ull.Value == 9223372036854775808)
217 return new LongLiteral (long.MinValue, e.Location);
221 if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type) {
222 FloatLiteral fl = e as FloatLiteral;
223 // For better error reporting
225 return new FloatLiteral (-fl.Value, e.Location);
227 return new FloatConstant (-((FloatConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
229 if (expr_type == TypeManager.double_type) {
230 DoubleLiteral dl = e as DoubleLiteral;
231 // For better error reporting
233 return new DoubleLiteral (-dl.Value, e.Location);
235 return new DoubleConstant (-((DoubleConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
237 if (expr_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
238 return new DecimalConstant (-((DecimalConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
242 case Operator.LogicalNot:
243 if (expr_type != TypeManager.bool_type)
246 bool b = (bool)e.GetValue ();
247 return new BoolConstant (!b, e.Location);
249 case Operator.OnesComplement:
250 // Unary numeric promotions
251 if (expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
252 return new IntConstant (~((ByteConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
253 if (expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
254 return new IntConstant (~((SByteConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
255 if (expr_type == TypeManager.short_type)
256 return new IntConstant (~((ShortConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
257 if (expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
258 return new IntConstant (~((UShortConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
259 if (expr_type == TypeManager.char_type)
260 return new IntConstant (~((CharConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
262 // Predefined operators
263 if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
264 return new IntConstant (~((IntConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
265 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
266 return new UIntConstant (~((UIntConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
267 if (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
268 return new LongConstant (~((LongConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
269 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
270 return new ULongConstant (~((ULongConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
272 if (e is EnumConstant) {
273 e = TryReduceConstant (ec, ((EnumConstant)e).Child);
275 e = new EnumConstant (e, expr_type);
280 throw new Exception ("Can not constant fold: " + Oper.ToString());
283 protected Expression ResolveOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
285 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
287 if (predefined_operators == null)
288 CreatePredefinedOperatorsTable ();
290 TypeSpec expr_type = expr.Type;
291 Expression best_expr;
294 // Primitive types first
296 if (TypeManager.IsPrimitiveType (expr_type)) {
297 best_expr = ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (expr);
298 if (best_expr == null)
301 type = best_expr.Type;
307 // E operator ~(E x);
309 if (Oper == Operator.OnesComplement && TypeManager.IsEnumType (expr_type))
310 return ResolveEnumOperator (ec, expr);
312 return ResolveUserType (ec, expr);
315 protected virtual Expression ResolveEnumOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
317 TypeSpec underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (expr.Type);
318 Expression best_expr = ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (EmptyCast.Create (expr, underlying_type));
319 if (best_expr == null)
323 enum_conversion = Convert.ExplicitNumericConversion (new EmptyExpression (best_expr.Type), underlying_type);
325 return EmptyCast.Create (this, type);
328 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
330 return CreateExpressionTree (ec, null);
333 Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec, MethodGroupExpr user_op)
337 case Operator.AddressOf:
338 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
340 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
341 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && user_op == null && !IsFloat (type))
342 method_name = "NegateChecked";
344 method_name = "Negate";
346 case Operator.OnesComplement:
347 case Operator.LogicalNot:
350 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
351 method_name = "UnaryPlus";
354 throw new InternalErrorException ("Unknown unary operator " + Oper.ToString ());
357 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
358 args.Add (new Argument (Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
360 args.Add (new Argument (user_op.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
361 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, method_name, args);
364 static void CreatePredefinedOperatorsTable ()
366 predefined_operators = new TypeSpec [(int) Operator.TOP] [];
369 // 7.6.1 Unary plus operator
371 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.UnaryPlus] = new TypeSpec [] {
372 TypeManager.int32_type, TypeManager.uint32_type,
373 TypeManager.int64_type, TypeManager.uint64_type,
374 TypeManager.float_type, TypeManager.double_type,
375 TypeManager.decimal_type
379 // 7.6.2 Unary minus operator
381 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.UnaryNegation] = new TypeSpec [] {
382 TypeManager.int32_type,
383 TypeManager.int64_type,
384 TypeManager.float_type, TypeManager.double_type,
385 TypeManager.decimal_type
389 // 7.6.3 Logical negation operator
391 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.LogicalNot] = new TypeSpec [] {
392 TypeManager.bool_type
396 // 7.6.4 Bitwise complement operator
398 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.OnesComplement] = new TypeSpec [] {
399 TypeManager.int32_type, TypeManager.uint32_type,
400 TypeManager.int64_type, TypeManager.uint64_type
405 // Unary numeric promotions
407 static Expression DoNumericPromotion (Operator op, Expression expr)
409 TypeSpec expr_type = expr.Type;
410 if ((op == Operator.UnaryPlus || op == Operator.UnaryNegation || op == Operator.OnesComplement) &&
411 expr_type == TypeManager.byte_type || expr_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
412 expr_type == TypeManager.short_type || expr_type == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
413 expr_type == TypeManager.char_type)
414 return Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (expr, TypeManager.int32_type);
416 if (op == Operator.UnaryNegation && expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
417 return Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (expr, TypeManager.int64_type);
422 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
424 if (Oper == Operator.AddressOf) {
425 return ResolveAddressOf (ec);
428 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
432 if (Expr.Type == InternalType.Dynamic) {
433 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
434 args.Add (new Argument (Expr));
435 return new DynamicUnaryConversion (GetOperatorExpressionTypeName (), args, loc).Resolve (ec);
438 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (Expr.Type))
439 return new Nullable.LiftedUnaryOperator (Oper, Expr, loc).Resolve (ec);
442 // Attempt to use a constant folding operation.
444 Constant cexpr = Expr as Constant;
446 cexpr = TryReduceConstant (ec, cexpr);
448 return cexpr.Resolve (ec);
451 Expression expr = ResolveOperator (ec, Expr);
453 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, loc, OperName (Oper), Expr.Type);
456 // Reduce unary operator on predefined types
458 if (expr == this && Oper == Operator.UnaryPlus)
464 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right)
469 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
471 EmitOperator (ec, type);
474 protected void EmitOperator (EmitContext ec, TypeSpec type)
477 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
481 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
482 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type)) {
483 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
484 if (type == TypeManager.int64_type)
485 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U8);
487 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf);
490 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Neg);
495 case Operator.LogicalNot:
497 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
498 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
501 case Operator.OnesComplement:
503 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Not);
506 case Operator.AddressOf:
507 ((IMemoryLocation)Expr).AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
511 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
516 // Same trick as in Binary expression
518 if (enum_conversion != null)
519 enum_conversion.Emit (ec);
522 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
524 if (Oper == Operator.LogicalNot)
525 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, !on_true);
527 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
530 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
532 Expr.EmitSideEffect (ec);
535 public static void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Location loc, string oper, TypeSpec t)
537 ec.Report.Error (23, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to operand of type `{1}'",
538 oper, TypeManager.CSharpName (t));
542 // Converts operator to System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionType enum name
544 string GetOperatorExpressionTypeName ()
547 case Operator.OnesComplement:
548 return "OnesComplement";
549 case Operator.LogicalNot:
551 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
553 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
556 throw new NotImplementedException ("Unknown express type operator " + Oper.ToString ());
560 static bool IsFloat (TypeSpec t)
562 return t == TypeManager.float_type || t == TypeManager.double_type;
566 // Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
568 public static string OperName (Operator oper)
571 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
573 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
575 case Operator.LogicalNot:
577 case Operator.OnesComplement:
579 case Operator.AddressOf:
583 throw new NotImplementedException (oper.ToString ());
586 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
588 var expr = Expr.MakeExpression (ctx);
589 bool is_checked = ctx.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.CheckedScope);
592 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
593 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.NegateChecked (expr) : SLE.Expression.Negate (expr);
594 case Operator.LogicalNot:
595 return SLE.Expression.Not (expr);
597 case Operator.OnesComplement:
598 return SLE.Expression.OnesComplement (expr);
601 throw new NotImplementedException (Oper.ToString ());
605 public static void Reset ()
607 predefined_operators = null;
610 Expression ResolveAddressOf (ResolveContext ec)
613 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
615 Expr = Expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, EmptyExpression.UnaryAddress);
616 if (Expr == null || Expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable) {
617 ec.Report.Error (211, loc, "Cannot take the address of the given expression");
621 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Compiler, Expr.Type, loc)) {
625 IVariableReference vr = Expr as IVariableReference;
628 VariableInfo vi = vr.VariableInfo;
630 if (vi.LocalInfo != null)
631 vi.LocalInfo.Used = true;
634 // A variable is considered definitely assigned if you take its address.
639 is_fixed = vr.IsFixed;
640 vr.SetHasAddressTaken ();
643 AnonymousMethodExpression.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (ec, vr, loc);
646 IFixedExpression fe = Expr as IFixedExpression;
647 is_fixed = fe != null && fe.IsFixed;
650 if (!is_fixed && !ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.FixedInitializerScope)) {
651 ec.Report.Error (212, loc, "You can only take the address of unfixed expression inside of a fixed statement initializer");
654 type = PointerContainer.MakeType (Expr.Type);
655 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
659 Expression ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (Expression expr)
661 expr = DoNumericPromotion (Oper, expr);
662 TypeSpec expr_type = expr.Type;
663 TypeSpec[] predefined = predefined_operators [(int) Oper];
664 foreach (TypeSpec t in predefined) {
672 // Perform user-operator overload resolution
674 protected virtual Expression ResolveUserOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
676 CSharp.Operator.OpType op_type;
678 case Operator.LogicalNot:
679 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.LogicalNot; break;
680 case Operator.OnesComplement:
681 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.OnesComplement; break;
682 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
683 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.UnaryNegation; break;
684 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
685 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.UnaryPlus; break;
687 throw new InternalErrorException (Oper.ToString ());
690 string op_name = CSharp.Operator.GetMetadataName (op_type);
691 MethodGroupExpr user_op = MethodLookup (ec.Compiler, ec.CurrentType, expr.Type, MemberKind.Operator, op_name, 0, expr.Location);
695 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
696 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
697 user_op = user_op.OverloadResolve (ec, ref args, false, expr.Location);
702 Expr = args [0].Expr;
703 return new UserOperatorCall (user_op, args, CreateExpressionTree, expr.Location);
707 // Unary user type overload resolution
709 Expression ResolveUserType (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
711 Expression best_expr = ResolveUserOperator (ec, expr);
712 if (best_expr != null)
715 TypeSpec[] predefined = predefined_operators [(int) Oper];
716 foreach (TypeSpec t in predefined) {
717 Expression oper_expr = Convert.ImplicitUserConversion (ec, expr, t, expr.Location);
718 if (oper_expr == null)
722 // decimal type is predefined but has user-operators
724 if (oper_expr.Type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
725 oper_expr = ResolveUserType (ec, oper_expr);
727 oper_expr = ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (oper_expr);
729 if (oper_expr == null)
732 if (best_expr == null) {
733 best_expr = oper_expr;
737 int result = MethodGroupExpr.BetterTypeConversion (ec, best_expr.Type, t);
739 ec.Report.Error (35, loc, "Operator `{0}' is ambiguous on an operand of type `{1}'",
740 OperName (Oper), TypeManager.CSharpName (expr.Type));
745 best_expr = oper_expr;
748 if (best_expr == null)
752 // HACK: Decimal user-operator is included in standard operators
754 if (best_expr.Type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
758 type = best_expr.Type;
762 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
764 Unary target = (Unary) t;
766 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
771 // Unary operators are turned into Indirection expressions
772 // after semantic analysis (this is so we can take the address
773 // of an indirection).
775 public class Indirection : Expression, IMemoryLocation, IAssignMethod, IFixedExpression {
777 LocalTemporary temporary;
780 public Indirection (Expression expr, Location l)
786 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
788 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
792 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
794 Indirection target = (Indirection) t;
795 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
798 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
803 ec.EmitLoadFromPtr (Type);
806 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
810 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
811 temporary = new LocalTemporary (expr.Type);
812 temporary.Store (ec);
816 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
818 prepared = prepare_for_load;
822 if (prepare_for_load)
823 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
827 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
828 temporary = new LocalTemporary (expr.Type);
829 temporary.Store (ec);
832 ec.EmitStoreFromPtr (type);
834 if (temporary != null) {
836 temporary.Release (ec);
840 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
845 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
847 return DoResolve (ec);
850 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
852 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
857 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
859 if (!expr.Type.IsPointer) {
860 ec.Report.Error (193, loc, "The * or -> operator must be applied to a pointer");
864 if (expr.Type == TypeManager.void_ptr_type) {
865 ec.Report.Error (242, loc, "The operation in question is undefined on void pointers");
869 type = TypeManager.GetElementType (expr.Type);
870 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
874 public bool IsFixed {
878 public override string ToString ()
880 return "*(" + expr + ")";
885 /// Unary Mutator expressions (pre and post ++ and --)
889 /// UnaryMutator implements ++ and -- expressions. It derives from
890 /// ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
891 /// operators can be used in a statement context.
893 /// FIXME: Idea, we could split this up in two classes, one simpler
894 /// for the common case, and one with the extra fields for more complex
895 /// classes (indexers require temporary access; overloaded require method)
898 public class UnaryMutator : ExpressionStatement
900 class DynamicPostMutator : Expression, IAssignMethod
905 public DynamicPostMutator (Expression expr)
908 this.type = expr.Type;
909 this.loc = expr.Location;
912 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
914 throw new NotImplementedException ("ET");
917 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
919 eclass = expr.eclass;
923 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
925 expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
926 return DoResolve (ec);
929 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
934 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
936 throw new NotImplementedException ();
940 // Emits target assignment using unmodified source value
942 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
945 // Allocate temporary variable to keep original value before it's modified
947 temp = new LocalTemporary (type);
951 ((IAssignMethod) expr).EmitAssign (ec, source, false, prepare_for_load);
962 public enum Mode : byte {
969 PreDecrement = IsDecrement,
970 PostIncrement = IsPost,
971 PostDecrement = IsPost | IsDecrement
975 bool is_expr, recurse;
979 // Holds the real operation
980 Expression operation;
982 public UnaryMutator (Mode m, Expression e, Location loc)
989 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
991 return new SimpleAssign (this, this).CreateExpressionTree (ec);
994 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
996 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1001 if (expr.Type == InternalType.Dynamic) {
1003 // Handle postfix unary operators using local
1004 // temporary variable
1006 if ((mode & Mode.IsPost) != 0)
1007 expr = new DynamicPostMutator (expr);
1009 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
1010 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
1011 return new SimpleAssign (expr, new DynamicUnaryConversion (GetOperatorExpressionTypeName (), args, loc)).Resolve (ec);
1014 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (expr.Type))
1015 return new Nullable.LiftedUnaryMutator (mode, expr, loc).Resolve (ec);
1017 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1019 return ResolveOperator (ec);
1022 void EmitCode (EmitContext ec, bool is_expr)
1025 this.is_expr = is_expr;
1026 ((IAssignMethod) expr).EmitAssign (ec, this, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PreDecrement), true);
1029 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1032 // We use recurse to allow ourselfs to be the source
1033 // of an assignment. This little hack prevents us from
1034 // having to allocate another expression
1037 ((IAssignMethod) expr).Emit (ec, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PostIncrement || mode == Mode.PostDecrement));
1039 operation.Emit (ec);
1045 EmitCode (ec, true);
1048 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
1050 EmitCode (ec, false);
1054 // Converts operator to System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionType enum name
1056 string GetOperatorExpressionTypeName ()
1058 return IsDecrement ? "Decrement" : "Increment";
1062 get { return (mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0; }
1066 // Returns whether an object of type `t' can be incremented
1067 // or decremented with add/sub (ie, basically whether we can
1068 // use pre-post incr-decr operations on it, but it is not a
1069 // System.Decimal, which we require operator overloading to catch)
1071 static bool IsPredefinedOperator (TypeSpec t)
1073 return (TypeManager.IsPrimitiveType (t) && t != TypeManager.bool_type) ||
1074 TypeManager.IsEnumType (t) ||
1075 t.IsPointer && t != TypeManager.void_ptr_type;
1079 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
1081 var target = ((RuntimeValueExpression) expr).MetaObject.Expression;
1082 var source = SLE.Expression.Convert (operation.MakeExpression (ctx), target.Type);
1083 return SLE.Expression.Assign (target, source);
1087 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1089 UnaryMutator target = (UnaryMutator) t;
1091 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1094 Expression ResolveOperator (ResolveContext ec)
1096 if (expr is RuntimeValueExpression) {
1099 // Use itself at the top of the stack
1100 operation = new EmptyExpression (type);
1104 // The operand of the prefix/postfix increment decrement operators
1105 // should be an expression that is classified as a variable,
1106 // a property access or an indexer access
1108 if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Variable || expr.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess || expr.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess) {
1109 expr = expr.ResolveLValue (ec, expr);
1111 ec.Report.Error (1059, loc, "The operand of an increment or decrement operator must be a variable, property or indexer");
1115 // 1. Check predefined types
1117 if (IsPredefinedOperator (type)) {
1118 // TODO: Move to IntConstant once I get rid of int32_type
1119 var one = new IntConstant (1, loc);
1121 // TODO: Cache this based on type when using EmptyExpression in
1123 Binary.Operator op = IsDecrement ? Binary.Operator.Subtraction : Binary.Operator.Addition;
1124 operation = new Binary (op, operation, one, loc);
1125 operation = operation.Resolve (ec);
1126 if (operation != null && operation.Type != type)
1127 operation = Convert.ExplicitNumericConversion (operation, type);
1133 // Step 2: Perform Operator Overload location
1138 op_name = Operator.GetMetadataName (Operator.OpType.Decrement);
1140 op_name = Operator.GetMetadataName (Operator.OpType.Increment);
1142 var mg = MethodLookup (ec.Compiler, ec.CurrentType, type, MemberKind.Operator, op_name, 0, loc);
1145 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
1146 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
1147 mg = mg.OverloadResolve (ec, ref args, false, loc);
1151 args[0].Expr = operation;
1152 operation = new UserOperatorCall (mg, args, null, loc);
1153 operation = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, operation, type, loc);
1157 string name = IsDecrement ?
1158 Operator.GetName (Operator.OpType.Decrement) :
1159 Operator.GetName (Operator.OpType.Increment);
1161 Unary.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, loc, name, type);
1167 /// Base class for the `Is' and `As' classes.
1171 /// FIXME: Split this in two, and we get to save the `Operator' Oper
1174 public abstract class Probe : Expression {
1175 public Expression ProbeType;
1176 protected Expression expr;
1177 protected TypeExpr probe_type_expr;
1179 public Probe (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1181 ProbeType = probe_type;
1186 public Expression Expr {
1192 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1194 probe_type_expr = ProbeType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
1195 if (probe_type_expr == null)
1198 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1202 if (probe_type_expr.Type.IsStatic) {
1203 ec.Report.Error (-244, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to an operand of a static type",
1207 if (expr.Type.IsPointer || probe_type_expr.Type.IsPointer) {
1208 ec.Report.Error (244, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to an operand of pointer type",
1213 if (expr.Type == InternalType.AnonymousMethod) {
1214 ec.Report.Error (837, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to a lambda expression or anonymous method",
1222 protected abstract string OperatorName { get; }
1224 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1226 Probe target = (Probe) t;
1228 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1229 target.ProbeType = ProbeType.Clone (clonectx);
1235 /// Implementation of the `is' operator.
1237 public class Is : Probe {
1238 Nullable.Unwrap expr_unwrap;
1240 public Is (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1241 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1245 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1247 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, null,
1248 expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec),
1249 new TypeOf (probe_type_expr, loc));
1251 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "TypeIs", args);
1254 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1256 if (expr_unwrap != null) {
1257 expr_unwrap.EmitCheck (ec);
1262 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type_expr.Type);
1263 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldnull);
1264 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
1267 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
1269 if (expr_unwrap != null) {
1270 expr_unwrap.EmitCheck (ec);
1273 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type_expr.Type);
1275 ec.Emit (on_true ? OpCodes.Brtrue : OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
1278 Expression CreateConstantResult (ResolveContext ec, bool result)
1281 ec.Report.Warning (183, 1, loc, "The given expression is always of the provided (`{0}') type",
1282 TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type_expr.Type));
1284 ec.Report.Warning (184, 1, loc, "The given expression is never of the provided (`{0}') type",
1285 TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type_expr.Type));
1287 return ReducedExpression.Create (new BoolConstant (result, loc).Resolve (ec), this);
1290 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1292 if (base.DoResolve (ec) == null)
1295 TypeSpec d = expr.Type;
1296 bool d_is_nullable = false;
1299 // If E is a method group or the null literal, or if the type of E is a reference
1300 // type or a nullable type and the value of E is null, the result is false
1302 if (expr.IsNull || expr.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup)
1303 return CreateConstantResult (ec, false);
1305 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (d)) {
1306 var ut = Nullable.NullableInfo.GetUnderlyingType (d);
1307 if (!ut.IsGenericParameter) {
1309 d_is_nullable = true;
1313 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
1314 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1315 TypeSpec t = probe_type_expr.Type;
1316 bool t_is_nullable = false;
1317 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (t)) {
1318 var ut = Nullable.NullableInfo.GetUnderlyingType (t);
1319 if (!ut.IsGenericParameter) {
1321 t_is_nullable = true;
1325 if (TypeManager.IsStruct (t)) {
1328 // D and T are the same value types but D can be null
1330 if (d_is_nullable && !t_is_nullable) {
1331 expr_unwrap = Nullable.Unwrap.Create (expr, false);
1336 // The result is true if D and T are the same value types
1338 return CreateConstantResult (ec, true);
1341 var tp = d as TypeParameterSpec;
1343 return ResolveGenericParameter (ec, t, tp);
1346 // An unboxing conversion exists
1348 if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (d, t))
1351 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (t))
1352 return ResolveGenericParameter (ec, d, (TypeParameterSpec) t);
1354 if (TypeManager.IsStruct (d)) {
1355 if (Convert.ImplicitBoxingConversion (null, d, t) != null)
1356 return CreateConstantResult (ec, true);
1358 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (d))
1359 return ResolveGenericParameter (ec, t, (TypeParameterSpec) d);
1361 if (TypeManager.ContainsGenericParameters (d))
1364 if (Convert.ImplicitReferenceConversionExists (expr, t) ||
1365 Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (d, t)) {
1371 return CreateConstantResult (ec, false);
1374 Expression ResolveGenericParameter (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec d, TypeParameterSpec t)
1376 if (t.IsReferenceType) {
1377 if (TypeManager.IsStruct (d))
1378 return CreateConstantResult (ec, false);
1381 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (expr.Type)) {
1382 if (t.IsValueType && expr.Type == t)
1383 return CreateConstantResult (ec, true);
1385 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, d);
1391 protected override string OperatorName {
1392 get { return "is"; }
1397 /// Implementation of the `as' operator.
1399 public class As : Probe {
1401 Expression resolved_type;
1403 public As (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1404 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1408 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1410 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, null,
1411 expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec),
1412 new TypeOf (probe_type_expr, loc));
1414 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "TypeAs", args);
1417 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1422 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, type);
1424 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (type) || TypeManager.IsNullableType (type))
1425 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Unbox_Any, type);
1428 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1430 if (resolved_type == null) {
1431 resolved_type = base.DoResolve (ec);
1433 if (resolved_type == null)
1437 type = probe_type_expr.Type;
1438 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1439 TypeSpec etype = expr.Type;
1441 if (!TypeManager.IsReferenceType (type) && !TypeManager.IsNullableType (type)) {
1442 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (type)) {
1443 ec.Report.Error (413, loc,
1444 "The `as' operator cannot be used with a non-reference type parameter `{0}'. Consider adding `class' or a reference type constraint",
1445 probe_type_expr.GetSignatureForError ());
1447 ec.Report.Error (77, loc,
1448 "The `as' operator cannot be used with a non-nullable value type `{0}'",
1449 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1454 if (expr.IsNull && TypeManager.IsNullableType (type)) {
1455 return Nullable.LiftedNull.CreateFromExpression (ec, this);
1458 Expression e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, expr, type, loc);
1465 if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (etype, type)){
1466 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (etype))
1467 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, etype);
1473 if (TypeManager.ContainsGenericParameters (etype) ||
1474 TypeManager.ContainsGenericParameters (type)) {
1475 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, etype);
1480 ec.Report.Error (39, loc, "Cannot convert type `{0}' to `{1}' via a built-in conversion",
1481 TypeManager.CSharpName (etype), TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1486 protected override string OperatorName {
1487 get { return "as"; }
1492 /// This represents a typecast in the source language.
1494 /// FIXME: Cast expressions have an unusual set of parsing
1495 /// rules, we need to figure those out.
1497 public class Cast : ShimExpression {
1498 Expression target_type;
1500 public Cast (Expression cast_type, Expression expr)
1501 : this (cast_type, expr, cast_type.Location)
1505 public Cast (Expression cast_type, Expression expr, Location loc)
1508 this.target_type = cast_type;
1512 public Expression TargetType {
1513 get { return target_type; }
1516 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1518 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1522 TypeExpr target = target_type.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
1528 if (type.IsStatic) {
1529 ec.Report.Error (716, loc, "Cannot convert to static type `{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1533 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1535 Constant c = expr as Constant;
1537 c = c.TryReduce (ec, type, loc);
1542 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.IsUnsafe) {
1543 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
1544 } else if (expr.Type == InternalType.Dynamic) {
1545 Arguments arg = new Arguments (1);
1546 arg.Add (new Argument (expr));
1547 return new DynamicConversion (type, CSharpBinderFlags.ConvertExplicit, arg, loc).Resolve (ec);
1550 expr = Convert.ExplicitConversion (ec, expr, type, loc);
1554 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1556 Cast target = (Cast) t;
1558 target.target_type = target_type.Clone (clonectx);
1559 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1563 public class ImplicitCast : ShimExpression
1567 public ImplicitCast (Expression expr, TypeSpec target, bool arrayAccess)
1570 this.loc = expr.Location;
1572 this.arrayAccess = arrayAccess;
1575 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1577 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1582 expr = ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex (ec, expr);
1584 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, expr, type, loc);
1591 // C# 2.0 Default value expression
1593 public class DefaultValueExpression : Expression
1597 public DefaultValueExpression (Expression expr, Location loc)
1603 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1605 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
1606 args.Add (new Argument (this));
1607 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (type, loc), loc)));
1608 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
1611 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1613 TypeExpr texpr = expr.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
1619 if (type.IsStatic) {
1620 ec.Report.Error (-244, loc, "The `default value' operator cannot be applied to an operand of a static type");
1624 return new NullLiteral (Location).ConvertImplicitly (ec, type);
1626 if (TypeManager.IsReferenceType (type))
1627 return new NullConstant (type, loc);
1629 Constant c = New.Constantify (type);
1631 return c.Resolve (ec);
1633 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
1637 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1639 LocalTemporary temp_storage = new LocalTemporary(type);
1641 temp_storage.AddressOf(ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
1642 ec.Emit(OpCodes.Initobj, type);
1643 temp_storage.Emit(ec);
1646 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1648 DefaultValueExpression target = (DefaultValueExpression) t;
1650 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1655 /// Binary operators
1657 public class Binary : Expression, IDynamicBinder
1659 protected class PredefinedOperator {
1660 protected readonly TypeSpec left;
1661 protected readonly TypeSpec right;
1662 public readonly Operator OperatorsMask;
1663 public TypeSpec ReturnType;
1665 public PredefinedOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask)
1666 : this (ltype, rtype, op_mask, ltype)
1670 public PredefinedOperator (TypeSpec type, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec return_type)
1671 : this (type, type, op_mask, return_type)
1675 public PredefinedOperator (TypeSpec type, Operator op_mask)
1676 : this (type, type, op_mask, type)
1680 public PredefinedOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec return_type)
1682 if ((op_mask & Operator.ValuesOnlyMask) != 0)
1683 throw new InternalErrorException ("Only masked values can be used");
1687 this.OperatorsMask = op_mask;
1688 this.ReturnType = return_type;
1691 public virtual Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
1693 b.type = ReturnType;
1695 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
1696 b.right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, right, b.right.Location);
1699 // A user operators does not support multiple user conversions, but decimal type
1700 // is considered to be predefined type therefore we apply predefined operators rules
1701 // and then look for decimal user-operator implementation
1703 if (left == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1704 return b.ResolveUserOperator (ec, b.left.Type, b.right.Type);
1706 var c = b.right as Constant;
1708 if (c.IsDefaultValue && (b.oper == Operator.Addition || b.oper == Operator.BitwiseOr || b.oper == Operator.Subtraction))
1709 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.left, b).Resolve (ec);
1710 if ((b.oper == Operator.Multiply || b.oper == Operator.Division) && c.IsOneInteger)
1711 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.left, b).Resolve (ec);
1715 c = b.left as Constant;
1717 if (c.IsDefaultValue && (b.oper == Operator.Addition || b.oper == Operator.BitwiseOr))
1718 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.right, b).Resolve (ec);
1719 if (b.oper == Operator.Multiply && c.IsOneInteger)
1720 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.right, b).Resolve (ec);
1727 public bool IsPrimitiveApplicable (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype)
1730 // We are dealing with primitive types only
1732 return left == ltype && ltype == rtype;
1735 public virtual bool IsApplicable (ResolveContext ec, Expression lexpr, Expression rexpr)
1737 if (TypeManager.IsEqual (left, lexpr.Type) &&
1738 TypeManager.IsEqual (right, rexpr.Type))
1741 return Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, lexpr, left) &&
1742 Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, rexpr, right);
1745 public PredefinedOperator ResolveBetterOperator (ResolveContext ec, PredefinedOperator best_operator)
1748 if (left != null && best_operator.left != null) {
1749 result = MethodGroupExpr.BetterTypeConversion (ec, best_operator.left, left);
1753 // When second arguments are same as the first one, the result is same
1755 if (right != null && (left != right || best_operator.left != best_operator.right)) {
1756 result |= MethodGroupExpr.BetterTypeConversion (ec, best_operator.right, right);
1759 if (result == 0 || result > 2)
1762 return result == 1 ? best_operator : this;
1766 class PredefinedStringOperator : PredefinedOperator {
1767 public PredefinedStringOperator (TypeSpec type, Operator op_mask)
1768 : base (type, op_mask, type)
1770 ReturnType = TypeManager.string_type;
1773 public PredefinedStringOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask)
1774 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask)
1776 ReturnType = TypeManager.string_type;
1779 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
1782 // Use original expression for nullable arguments
1784 Nullable.Unwrap unwrap = b.left as Nullable.Unwrap;
1786 b.left = unwrap.Original;
1788 unwrap = b.right as Nullable.Unwrap;
1790 b.right = unwrap.Original;
1792 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
1793 b.right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, right, b.right.Location);
1796 // Start a new concat expression using converted expression
1798 return StringConcat.Create (ec, b.left, b.right, b.loc);
1802 class PredefinedShiftOperator : PredefinedOperator {
1803 public PredefinedShiftOperator (TypeSpec ltype, Operator op_mask) :
1804 base (ltype, TypeManager.int32_type, op_mask)
1808 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
1810 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
1812 Expression expr_tree_expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, TypeManager.int32_type, b.right.Location);
1814 int right_mask = left == TypeManager.int32_type || left == TypeManager.uint32_type ? 0x1f : 0x3f;
1817 // b = b.left >> b.right & (0x1f|0x3f)
1819 b.right = new Binary (Operator.BitwiseAnd,
1820 b.right, new IntConstant (right_mask, b.right.Location), b.loc).Resolve (ec);
1823 // Expression tree representation does not use & mask
1825 b.right = ReducedExpression.Create (b.right, expr_tree_expr).Resolve (ec);
1826 b.type = ReturnType;
1829 // Optimize shift by 0
1831 var c = b.right as Constant;
1832 if (c != null && c.IsDefaultValue)
1833 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.left, b).Resolve (ec);
1839 class PredefinedPointerOperator : PredefinedOperator {
1840 public PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask)
1841 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask)
1845 public PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec retType)
1846 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask, retType)
1850 public PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeSpec type, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec return_type)
1851 : base (type, op_mask, return_type)
1855 public override bool IsApplicable (ResolveContext ec, Expression lexpr, Expression rexpr)
1858 if (!lexpr.Type.IsPointer)
1861 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, lexpr, left))
1865 if (right == null) {
1866 if (!rexpr.Type.IsPointer)
1869 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, rexpr, right))
1876 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
1879 b.left = EmptyCast.Create (b.left, left);
1880 } else if (right != null) {
1881 b.right = EmptyCast.Create (b.right, right);
1884 TypeSpec r_type = ReturnType;
1885 Expression left_arg, right_arg;
1886 if (r_type == null) {
1889 right_arg = b.right;
1890 r_type = b.left.Type;
1894 r_type = b.right.Type;
1898 right_arg = b.right;
1901 return new PointerArithmetic (b.oper, left_arg, right_arg, r_type, b.loc).Resolve (ec);
1906 public enum Operator {
1907 Multiply = 0 | ArithmeticMask,
1908 Division = 1 | ArithmeticMask,
1909 Modulus = 2 | ArithmeticMask,
1910 Addition = 3 | ArithmeticMask | AdditionMask,
1911 Subtraction = 4 | ArithmeticMask | SubtractionMask,
1913 LeftShift = 5 | ShiftMask,
1914 RightShift = 6 | ShiftMask,
1916 LessThan = 7 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
1917 GreaterThan = 8 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
1918 LessThanOrEqual = 9 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
1919 GreaterThanOrEqual = 10 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
1920 Equality = 11 | ComparisonMask | EqualityMask,
1921 Inequality = 12 | ComparisonMask | EqualityMask,
1923 BitwiseAnd = 13 | BitwiseMask,
1924 ExclusiveOr = 14 | BitwiseMask,
1925 BitwiseOr = 15 | BitwiseMask,
1927 LogicalAnd = 16 | LogicalMask,
1928 LogicalOr = 17 | LogicalMask,
1933 ValuesOnlyMask = ArithmeticMask - 1,
1934 ArithmeticMask = 1 << 5,
1936 ComparisonMask = 1 << 7,
1937 EqualityMask = 1 << 8,
1938 BitwiseMask = 1 << 9,
1939 LogicalMask = 1 << 10,
1940 AdditionMask = 1 << 11,
1941 SubtractionMask = 1 << 12,
1942 RelationalMask = 1 << 13
1945 readonly Operator oper;
1946 protected Expression left, right;
1947 readonly bool is_compound;
1948 Expression enum_conversion;
1950 static PredefinedOperator[] standard_operators;
1951 static PredefinedOperator[] pointer_operators;
1953 public Binary (Operator oper, Expression left, Expression right, bool isCompound, Location loc)
1954 : this (oper, left, right, loc)
1956 this.is_compound = isCompound;
1959 public Binary (Operator oper, Expression left, Expression right, Location loc)
1967 public Operator Oper {
1974 /// Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
1976 string OperName (Operator oper)
1980 case Operator.Multiply:
1983 case Operator.Division:
1986 case Operator.Modulus:
1989 case Operator.Addition:
1992 case Operator.Subtraction:
1995 case Operator.LeftShift:
1998 case Operator.RightShift:
2001 case Operator.LessThan:
2004 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2007 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2010 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2013 case Operator.Equality:
2016 case Operator.Inequality:
2019 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2022 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2025 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2028 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2031 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2035 s = oper.ToString ();
2045 public static void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right, Operator oper, Location loc)
2047 new Binary (oper, left, right, loc).Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left, right);
2050 public static void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right, string oper, Location loc)
2053 l = TypeManager.CSharpName (left.Type);
2054 r = TypeManager.CSharpName (right.Type);
2056 ec.Report.Error (19, loc, "Operator `{0}' cannot be applied to operands of type `{1}' and `{2}'",
2060 protected void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right)
2062 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left, right, OperName (oper), loc);
2066 // Converts operator to System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionType enum name
2068 string GetOperatorExpressionTypeName ()
2071 case Operator.Addition:
2072 return is_compound ? "AddAssign" : "Add";
2073 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2074 return is_compound ? "AndAssign" : "And";
2075 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2076 return is_compound ? "OrAssign" : "Or";
2077 case Operator.Division:
2078 return is_compound ? "DivideAssign" : "Divide";
2079 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2080 return is_compound ? "ExclusiveOrAssign" : "ExclusiveOr";
2081 case Operator.Equality:
2083 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2084 return "GreaterThan";
2085 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2086 return "GreaterThanOrEqual";
2087 case Operator.Inequality:
2089 case Operator.LeftShift:
2090 return is_compound ? "LeftShiftAssign" : "LeftShift";
2091 case Operator.LessThan:
2093 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2094 return "LessThanOrEqual";
2095 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2097 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2099 case Operator.Modulus:
2100 return is_compound ? "ModuloAssign" : "Modulo";
2101 case Operator.Multiply:
2102 return is_compound ? "MultiplyAssign" : "Multiply";
2103 case Operator.RightShift:
2104 return is_compound ? "RightShiftAssign" : "RightShift";
2105 case Operator.Subtraction:
2106 return is_compound ? "SubtractAssign" : "Subtract";
2108 throw new NotImplementedException ("Unknown expression type operator " + oper.ToString ());
2112 static string GetOperatorMetadataName (Operator op)
2114 CSharp.Operator.OpType op_type;
2116 case Operator.Addition:
2117 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Addition; break;
2118 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2119 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.BitwiseAnd; break;
2120 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2121 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.BitwiseOr; break;
2122 case Operator.Division:
2123 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Division; break;
2124 case Operator.Equality:
2125 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Equality; break;
2126 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2127 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.ExclusiveOr; break;
2128 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2129 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.GreaterThan; break;
2130 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2131 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.GreaterThanOrEqual; break;
2132 case Operator.Inequality:
2133 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Inequality; break;
2134 case Operator.LeftShift:
2135 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.LeftShift; break;
2136 case Operator.LessThan:
2137 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.LessThan; break;
2138 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2139 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.LessThanOrEqual; break;
2140 case Operator.Modulus:
2141 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Modulus; break;
2142 case Operator.Multiply:
2143 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Multiply; break;
2144 case Operator.RightShift:
2145 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.RightShift; break;
2146 case Operator.Subtraction:
2147 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.Subtraction; break;
2149 throw new InternalErrorException (op.ToString ());
2152 return CSharp.Operator.GetMetadataName (op_type);
2155 public static void EmitOperatorOpcode (EmitContext ec, Operator oper, TypeSpec l)
2160 case Operator.Multiply:
2161 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
2162 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2163 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf;
2164 else if (!IsFloat (l))
2165 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un;
2167 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2169 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2173 case Operator.Division:
2175 opcode = OpCodes.Div_Un;
2177 opcode = OpCodes.Div;
2180 case Operator.Modulus:
2182 opcode = OpCodes.Rem_Un;
2184 opcode = OpCodes.Rem;
2187 case Operator.Addition:
2188 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
2189 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2190 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf;
2191 else if (!IsFloat (l))
2192 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf_Un;
2194 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
2196 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
2199 case Operator.Subtraction:
2200 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
2201 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
2202 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf;
2203 else if (!IsFloat (l))
2204 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf_Un;
2206 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2208 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2211 case Operator.RightShift:
2213 opcode = OpCodes.Shr_Un;
2215 opcode = OpCodes.Shr;
2218 case Operator.LeftShift:
2219 opcode = OpCodes.Shl;
2222 case Operator.Equality:
2223 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2226 case Operator.Inequality:
2227 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
2228 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2230 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2233 case Operator.LessThan:
2235 opcode = OpCodes.Clt_Un;
2237 opcode = OpCodes.Clt;
2240 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2242 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt_Un;
2244 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt;
2247 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2248 if (IsUnsigned (l) || IsFloat (l))
2249 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
2251 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt);
2252 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2254 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2257 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2258 if (IsUnsigned (l) || IsFloat (l))
2259 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Clt_Un);
2261 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Clt);
2263 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2265 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2268 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2269 opcode = OpCodes.Or;
2272 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2273 opcode = OpCodes.And;
2276 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2277 opcode = OpCodes.Xor;
2281 throw new InternalErrorException (oper.ToString ());
2287 static bool IsUnsigned (TypeSpec t)
2292 return (t == TypeManager.uint32_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
2293 t == TypeManager.ushort_type || t == TypeManager.byte_type);
2296 static bool IsFloat (TypeSpec t)
2298 return t == TypeManager.float_type || t == TypeManager.double_type;
2301 public static void Reset ()
2303 pointer_operators = standard_operators = null;
2306 Expression ResolveOperator (ResolveContext ec)
2308 TypeSpec l = left.Type;
2309 TypeSpec r = right.Type;
2311 bool primitives_only = false;
2313 if (standard_operators == null)
2314 CreateStandardOperatorsTable ();
2317 // Handles predefined primitive types
2319 if (TypeManager.IsPrimitiveType (l) && TypeManager.IsPrimitiveType (r)) {
2320 if ((oper & Operator.ShiftMask) == 0) {
2321 if (l != TypeManager.bool_type && !DoBinaryOperatorPromotion (ec))
2324 primitives_only = true;
2328 if (l.IsPointer || r.IsPointer)
2329 return ResolveOperatorPointer (ec, l, r);
2332 bool lenum = TypeManager.IsEnumType (l);
2333 bool renum = TypeManager.IsEnumType (r);
2334 if (lenum || renum) {
2335 expr = ResolveOperatorEnum (ec, lenum, renum, l, r);
2337 // TODO: Can this be ambiguous
2343 if ((oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction || (oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0) &&
2344 (TypeManager.IsDelegateType (l) || TypeManager.IsDelegateType (r))) {
2346 expr = ResolveOperatorDelegate (ec, l, r);
2348 // TODO: Can this be ambiguous
2354 expr = ResolveUserOperator (ec, l, r);
2358 // Predefined reference types equality
2359 if ((oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0) {
2360 expr = ResolveOperatorEqualityRerefence (ec, l, r);
2366 return ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, standard_operators, primitives_only, null);
2369 // at least one of 'left' or 'right' is an enumeration constant (EnumConstant or SideEffectConstant or ...)
2370 // if 'left' is not an enumeration constant, create one from the type of 'right'
2371 Constant EnumLiftUp (ResolveContext ec, Constant left, Constant right, Location loc)
2374 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2375 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2376 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2377 case Operator.Equality:
2378 case Operator.Inequality:
2379 case Operator.LessThan:
2380 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2381 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2382 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2383 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (left.Type))
2386 if (left.IsZeroInteger)
2387 return left.TryReduce (ec, right.Type, loc);
2391 case Operator.Addition:
2392 case Operator.Subtraction:
2395 case Operator.Multiply:
2396 case Operator.Division:
2397 case Operator.Modulus:
2398 case Operator.LeftShift:
2399 case Operator.RightShift:
2400 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (right.Type) || TypeManager.IsEnumType (left.Type))
2404 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, this.left, this.right);
2409 // The `|' operator used on types which were extended is dangerous
2411 void CheckBitwiseOrOnSignExtended (ResolveContext ec)
2413 OpcodeCast lcast = left as OpcodeCast;
2414 if (lcast != null) {
2415 if (IsUnsigned (lcast.UnderlyingType))
2419 OpcodeCast rcast = right as OpcodeCast;
2420 if (rcast != null) {
2421 if (IsUnsigned (rcast.UnderlyingType))
2425 if (lcast == null && rcast == null)
2428 // FIXME: consider constants
2430 ec.Report.Warning (675, 3, loc,
2431 "The operator `|' used on the sign-extended type `{0}'. Consider casting to a smaller unsigned type first",
2432 TypeManager.CSharpName (lcast != null ? lcast.UnderlyingType : rcast.UnderlyingType));
2435 static void CreatePointerOperatorsTable ()
2437 var temp = new List<PredefinedPointerOperator> ();
2440 // Pointer arithmetic:
2442 // T* operator + (T* x, int y); T* operator - (T* x, int y);
2443 // T* operator + (T* x, uint y); T* operator - (T* x, uint y);
2444 // T* operator + (T* x, long y); T* operator - (T* x, long y);
2445 // T* operator + (T* x, ulong y); T* operator - (T* x, ulong y);
2447 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, TypeManager.int32_type, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask));
2448 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, TypeManager.uint32_type, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask));
2449 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, TypeManager.int64_type, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask));
2450 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, TypeManager.uint64_type, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask));
2453 // T* operator + (int y, T* x);
2454 // T* operator + (uint y, T *x);
2455 // T* operator + (long y, T *x);
2456 // T* operator + (ulong y, T *x);
2458 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeManager.int32_type, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null));
2459 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeManager.uint32_type, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null));
2460 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeManager.int64_type, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null));
2461 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeManager.uint64_type, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null));
2464 // long operator - (T* x, T *y)
2466 temp.Add (new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, Operator.SubtractionMask, TypeManager.int64_type));
2468 pointer_operators = temp.ToArray ();
2471 static void CreateStandardOperatorsTable ()
2473 var temp = new List<PredefinedOperator> ();
2474 TypeSpec bool_type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2476 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.int32_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask));
2477 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.uint32_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask));
2478 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.int64_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask));
2479 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.uint64_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask));
2480 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.float_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask));
2481 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.double_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask));
2482 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.decimal_type, Operator.ArithmeticMask));
2484 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.int32_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2485 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.uint32_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2486 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.int64_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2487 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.uint64_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2488 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.float_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2489 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.double_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2490 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.decimal_type, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type));
2492 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (TypeManager.string_type, Operator.EqualityMask, bool_type));
2494 temp.Add (new PredefinedStringOperator (TypeManager.string_type, Operator.AdditionMask));
2495 temp.Add (new PredefinedStringOperator (TypeManager.string_type, TypeManager.object_type, Operator.AdditionMask));
2496 temp.Add (new PredefinedStringOperator (TypeManager.object_type, TypeManager.string_type, Operator.AdditionMask));
2498 temp.Add (new PredefinedOperator (bool_type,
2499 Operator.BitwiseMask | Operator.LogicalMask | Operator.EqualityMask, bool_type));
2501 temp.Add (new PredefinedShiftOperator (TypeManager.int32_type, Operator.ShiftMask));
2502 temp.Add (new PredefinedShiftOperator (TypeManager.uint32_type, Operator.ShiftMask));
2503 temp.Add (new PredefinedShiftOperator (TypeManager.int64_type, Operator.ShiftMask));
2504 temp.Add (new PredefinedShiftOperator (TypeManager.uint64_type, Operator.ShiftMask));
2506 standard_operators = temp.ToArray ();
2510 // Rules used during binary numeric promotion
2512 static bool DoNumericPromotion (ResolveContext rc, ref Expression prim_expr, ref Expression second_expr, TypeSpec type)
2517 Constant c = prim_expr as Constant;
2519 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (rc, type);
2526 if (type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
2527 etype = prim_expr.Type;
2528 if (etype == TypeManager.int32_type || etype == TypeManager.short_type || etype == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
2529 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
2531 if (type != second_expr.Type) {
2532 c = second_expr as Constant;
2534 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (rc, type);
2536 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (second_expr, type);
2542 } else if (type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
2544 // A compile-time error occurs if the other operand is of type sbyte, short, int, or long
2546 if (type == TypeManager.int32_type || type == TypeManager.int64_type ||
2547 type == TypeManager.short_type || type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
2551 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (prim_expr, type);
2560 // 7.2.6.2 Binary numeric promotions
2562 public bool DoBinaryOperatorPromotion (ResolveContext ec)
2564 TypeSpec ltype = left.Type;
2565 TypeSpec rtype = right.Type;
2568 foreach (TypeSpec t in ConstantFold.BinaryPromotionsTypes) {
2570 return t == rtype || DoNumericPromotion (ec, ref right, ref left, t);
2573 return t == ltype || DoNumericPromotion (ec, ref left, ref right, t);
2576 TypeSpec int32 = TypeManager.int32_type;
2577 if (ltype != int32) {
2578 Constant c = left as Constant;
2580 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (ec, int32);
2582 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (left, int32);
2589 if (rtype != int32) {
2590 Constant c = right as Constant;
2592 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (ec, int32);
2594 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (right, int32);
2604 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
2609 if ((oper == Operator.Subtraction) && (left is ParenthesizedExpression)) {
2610 left = ((ParenthesizedExpression) left).Expr;
2611 left = left.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type);
2615 if (left.eclass == ExprClass.Type) {
2616 ec.Report.Error (75, loc, "To cast a negative value, you must enclose the value in parentheses");
2620 left = left.Resolve (ec);
2625 Constant lc = left as Constant;
2627 if (lc != null && lc.Type == TypeManager.bool_type &&
2628 ((oper == Operator.LogicalAnd && lc.IsDefaultValue) ||
2629 (oper == Operator.LogicalOr && !lc.IsDefaultValue))) {
2631 // FIXME: resolve right expression as unreachable
2632 // right.Resolve (ec);
2634 ec.Report.Warning (429, 4, loc, "Unreachable expression code detected");
2638 right = right.Resolve (ec);
2642 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
2643 Constant rc = right as Constant;
2645 // The conversion rules are ignored in enum context but why
2646 if (!ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.EnumScope) && lc != null && rc != null && (TypeManager.IsEnumType (left.Type) || TypeManager.IsEnumType (right.Type))) {
2647 lc = EnumLiftUp (ec, lc, rc, loc);
2649 rc = EnumLiftUp (ec, rc, lc, loc);
2652 if (rc != null && lc != null) {
2653 int prev_e = ec.Report.Errors;
2654 Expression e = ConstantFold.BinaryFold (ec, oper, lc, rc, loc);
2658 if (e != null || ec.Report.Errors != prev_e)
2662 // Comparison warnings
2663 if ((oper & Operator.ComparisonMask) != 0) {
2664 if (left.Equals (right)) {
2665 ec.Report.Warning (1718, 3, loc, "A comparison made to same variable. Did you mean to compare something else?");
2667 CheckUselessComparison (ec, lc, right.Type);
2668 CheckUselessComparison (ec, rc, left.Type);
2671 if (left.Type == InternalType.Dynamic || right.Type == InternalType.Dynamic) {
2672 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
2673 args.Add (new Argument (left));
2674 args.Add (new Argument (right));
2675 return new DynamicExpressionStatement (this, args, loc).Resolve (ec);
2678 if (RootContext.Version >= LanguageVersion.ISO_2 &&
2679 ((TypeManager.IsNullableType (left.Type) && (right is NullLiteral || TypeManager.IsNullableType (right.Type) || TypeManager.IsValueType (right.Type))) ||
2680 (TypeManager.IsValueType (left.Type) && right is NullLiteral) ||
2681 (TypeManager.IsNullableType (right.Type) && (left is NullLiteral || TypeManager.IsNullableType (left.Type) || TypeManager.IsValueType (left.Type))) ||
2682 (TypeManager.IsValueType (right.Type) && left is NullLiteral)))
2683 return new Nullable.LiftedBinaryOperator (oper, left, right, loc).Resolve (ec);
2685 return DoResolveCore (ec, left, right);
2688 protected Expression DoResolveCore (ResolveContext ec, Expression left_orig, Expression right_orig)
2690 Expression expr = ResolveOperator (ec);
2692 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left_orig, right_orig);
2694 if (left == null || right == null)
2695 throw new InternalErrorException ("Invalid conversion");
2697 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseOr)
2698 CheckBitwiseOrOnSignExtended (ec);
2703 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
2705 var le = left.MakeExpression (ctx);
2706 var re = right.MakeExpression (ctx);
2707 bool is_checked = ctx.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.CheckedScope);
2710 case Operator.Addition:
2711 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.AddChecked (le, re) : SLE.Expression.Add (le, re);
2712 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2713 return SLE.Expression.And (le, re);
2714 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2715 return SLE.Expression.Or (le, re);
2716 case Operator.Division:
2717 return SLE.Expression.Divide (le, re);
2718 case Operator.Equality:
2719 return SLE.Expression.Equal (le, re);
2720 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2721 return SLE.Expression.ExclusiveOr (le, re);
2722 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2723 return SLE.Expression.GreaterThan (le, re);
2724 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2725 return SLE.Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual (le, re);
2726 case Operator.Inequality:
2727 return SLE.Expression.NotEqual (le, re);
2728 case Operator.LeftShift:
2729 return SLE.Expression.LeftShift (le, re);
2730 case Operator.LessThan:
2731 return SLE.Expression.LessThan (le, re);
2732 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2733 return SLE.Expression.LessThanOrEqual (le, re);
2734 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2735 return SLE.Expression.AndAlso (le, re);
2736 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2737 return SLE.Expression.OrElse (le, re);
2738 case Operator.Modulus:
2739 return SLE.Expression.Modulo (le, re);
2740 case Operator.Multiply:
2741 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.MultiplyChecked (le, re) : SLE.Expression.Multiply (le, re);
2742 case Operator.RightShift:
2743 return SLE.Expression.RightShift (le, re);
2744 case Operator.Subtraction:
2745 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.SubtractChecked (le, re) : SLE.Expression.Subtract (le, re);
2747 throw new NotImplementedException (oper.ToString ());
2752 // D operator + (D x, D y)
2753 // D operator - (D x, D y)
2754 // bool operator == (D x, D y)
2755 // bool operator != (D x, D y)
2757 Expression ResolveOperatorDelegate (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec l, TypeSpec r)
2759 bool is_equality = (oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0;
2760 if (!TypeManager.IsEqual (l, r) && !TypeSpecComparer.Variant.IsEqual (r, l)) {
2762 if (right.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup || (r == InternalType.AnonymousMethod && !is_equality)) {
2763 tmp = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, right, l, loc);
2768 } else if (left.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup || (l == InternalType.AnonymousMethod && !is_equality)) {
2769 tmp = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, left, r, loc);
2780 // Resolve delegate equality as a user operator
2783 return ResolveUserOperator (ec, l, r);
2786 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
2787 args.Add (new Argument (left));
2788 args.Add (new Argument (right));
2790 if (oper == Operator.Addition) {
2791 if (TypeManager.delegate_combine_delegate_delegate == null) {
2792 TypeManager.delegate_combine_delegate_delegate = TypeManager.GetPredefinedMethod (
2793 TypeManager.delegate_type, "Combine", loc, TypeManager.delegate_type, TypeManager.delegate_type);
2796 method = TypeManager.delegate_combine_delegate_delegate;
2798 if (TypeManager.delegate_remove_delegate_delegate == null) {
2799 TypeManager.delegate_remove_delegate_delegate = TypeManager.GetPredefinedMethod (
2800 TypeManager.delegate_type, "Remove", loc, TypeManager.delegate_type, TypeManager.delegate_type);
2803 method = TypeManager.delegate_remove_delegate_delegate;
2807 return new EmptyExpression (TypeManager.decimal_type);
2809 MethodGroupExpr mg = new MethodGroupExpr (method, TypeManager.delegate_type, loc);
2810 mg = mg.OverloadResolve (ec, ref args, false, loc);
2812 return new ClassCast (new UserOperatorCall (mg, args, CreateExpressionTree, loc), l);
2816 // Enumeration operators
2818 Expression ResolveOperatorEnum (ResolveContext ec, bool lenum, bool renum, TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype)
2821 // bool operator == (E x, E y);
2822 // bool operator != (E x, E y);
2823 // bool operator < (E x, E y);
2824 // bool operator > (E x, E y);
2825 // bool operator <= (E x, E y);
2826 // bool operator >= (E x, E y);
2828 // E operator & (E x, E y);
2829 // E operator | (E x, E y);
2830 // E operator ^ (E x, E y);
2832 // U operator - (E e, E f)
2833 // E operator - (E e, U x)
2835 // E operator + (U x, E e)
2836 // E operator + (E e, U x)
2838 if (!((oper & (Operator.ComparisonMask | Operator.BitwiseMask)) != 0 ||
2839 (oper == Operator.Subtraction && lenum) ||
2840 (oper == Operator.Addition && (lenum != renum || type != null)))) // type != null for lifted null
2843 Expression ltemp = left;
2844 Expression rtemp = right;
2845 TypeSpec underlying_type;
2848 if ((oper & (Operator.ComparisonMask | Operator.BitwiseMask)) != 0) {
2850 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, rtype, loc);
2856 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, ltype, loc);
2864 if (TypeManager.IsEqual (ltype, rtype)) {
2865 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (ltype);
2867 if (left is Constant)
2868 left = ((Constant) left).ConvertExplicitly (false, underlying_type).Resolve (ec);
2870 left = EmptyCast.Create (left, underlying_type);
2872 if (right is Constant)
2873 right = ((Constant) right).ConvertExplicitly (false, underlying_type).Resolve (ec);
2875 right = EmptyCast.Create (right, underlying_type);
2877 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (ltype);
2879 if (oper != Operator.Subtraction && oper != Operator.Addition) {
2880 Constant c = right as Constant;
2881 if (c == null || !c.IsDefaultValue)
2884 if (!Convert.ImplicitStandardConversionExists (right, underlying_type))
2887 right = Convert.ImplicitConversionStandard (ec, right, underlying_type, right.Location);
2890 if (left is Constant)
2891 left = ((Constant) left).ConvertExplicitly (false, underlying_type).Resolve (ec);
2893 left = EmptyCast.Create (left, underlying_type);
2896 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (rtype);
2898 if (oper != Operator.Addition) {
2899 Constant c = left as Constant;
2900 if (c == null || !c.IsDefaultValue)
2903 if (!Convert.ImplicitStandardConversionExists (left, underlying_type))
2906 left = Convert.ImplicitConversionStandard (ec, left, underlying_type, left.Location);
2909 if (right is Constant)
2910 right = ((Constant) right).ConvertExplicitly (false, underlying_type).Resolve (ec);
2912 right = EmptyCast.Create (right, underlying_type);
2919 // C# specification uses explicit cast syntax which means binary promotion
2920 // should happen, however it seems that csc does not do that
2922 if (!DoBinaryOperatorPromotion (ec)) {
2928 TypeSpec res_type = null;
2929 if ((oper & Operator.BitwiseMask) != 0 || oper == Operator.Subtraction || oper == Operator.Addition) {
2930 TypeSpec promoted_type = lenum ? left.Type : right.Type;
2931 enum_conversion = Convert.ExplicitNumericConversion (
2932 new EmptyExpression (promoted_type), underlying_type);
2934 if (oper == Operator.Subtraction && renum && lenum)
2935 res_type = underlying_type;
2936 else if (oper == Operator.Addition && renum)
2942 expr = ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, standard_operators, true, res_type);
2943 if (!is_compound || expr == null)
2951 // If the return type of the selected operator is implicitly convertible to the type of x
2953 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, expr, ltype))
2957 // Otherwise, if the selected operator is a predefined operator, if the return type of the
2958 // selected operator is explicitly convertible to the type of x, and if y is implicitly
2959 // convertible to the type of x or the operator is a shift operator, then the operation
2960 // is evaluated as x = (T)(x op y), where T is the type of x
2962 expr = Convert.ExplicitConversion (ec, expr, ltype, loc);
2966 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, ltemp, ltype))
2973 // 7.9.6 Reference type equality operators
2975 Binary ResolveOperatorEqualityRerefence (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec l, TypeSpec r)
2978 // operator != (object a, object b)
2979 // operator == (object a, object b)
2982 // TODO: this method is almost equivalent to Convert.ImplicitReferenceConversion
2984 if (left.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup || right.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup)
2987 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2989 var lgen = l as TypeParameterSpec;
2992 if (l is InternalType)
2997 // Only allow to compare same reference type parameter
2999 if (TypeManager.IsReferenceType (l)) {
3000 left = new BoxedCast (left, TypeManager.object_type);
3001 right = new BoxedCast (right, TypeManager.object_type);
3008 if (TypeManager.IsValueType (l))
3014 var rgen = r as TypeParameterSpec;
3017 // a, Both operands are reference-type values or the value null
3018 // b, One operand is a value of type T where T is a type-parameter and
3019 // the other operand is the value null. Furthermore T does not have the
3020 // value type constrain
3022 if (left is NullLiteral || right is NullLiteral) {
3024 if (lgen.HasSpecialStruct)
3027 left = new BoxedCast (left, TypeManager.object_type);
3032 if (rgen.HasSpecialStruct)
3035 right = new BoxedCast (right, TypeManager.object_type);
3041 // An interface is converted to the object before the
3042 // standard conversion is applied. It's not clear from the
3043 // standard but it looks like it works like that.
3046 if (!TypeManager.IsReferenceType (l))
3049 l = TypeManager.object_type;
3050 left = new BoxedCast (left, l);
3051 } else if (l.IsInterface) {
3052 l = TypeManager.object_type;
3053 } else if (TypeManager.IsStruct (l)) {
3058 if (!TypeManager.IsReferenceType (r))
3061 r = TypeManager.object_type;
3062 right = new BoxedCast (right, r);
3063 } else if (r.IsInterface) {
3064 r = TypeManager.object_type;
3065 } else if (TypeManager.IsStruct (r)) {
3070 const string ref_comparison = "Possible unintended reference comparison. " +
3071 "Consider casting the {0} side of the expression to `string' to compare the values";
3074 // A standard implicit conversion exists from the type of either
3075 // operand to the type of the other operand
3077 if (Convert.ImplicitReferenceConversionExists (left, r)) {
3078 if (l == TypeManager.string_type)
3079 ec.Report.Warning (253, 2, loc, ref_comparison, "right");
3084 if (Convert.ImplicitReferenceConversionExists (right, l)) {
3085 if (r == TypeManager.string_type)
3086 ec.Report.Warning (252, 2, loc, ref_comparison, "left");
3095 Expression ResolveOperatorPointer (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec l, TypeSpec r)
3098 // bool operator == (void* x, void* y);
3099 // bool operator != (void* x, void* y);
3100 // bool operator < (void* x, void* y);
3101 // bool operator > (void* x, void* y);
3102 // bool operator <= (void* x, void* y);
3103 // bool operator >= (void* x, void* y);
3105 if ((oper & Operator.ComparisonMask) != 0) {
3108 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, r, left.Location);
3115 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, l, right.Location);
3121 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
3125 if (pointer_operators == null)
3126 CreatePointerOperatorsTable ();
3128 return ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, pointer_operators, false, null);
3132 // Build-in operators method overloading
3134 protected virtual Expression ResolveOperatorPredefined (ResolveContext ec, PredefinedOperator [] operators, bool primitives_only, TypeSpec enum_type)
3136 PredefinedOperator best_operator = null;
3137 TypeSpec l = left.Type;
3138 TypeSpec r = right.Type;
3139 Operator oper_mask = oper & ~Operator.ValuesOnlyMask;
3141 foreach (PredefinedOperator po in operators) {
3142 if ((po.OperatorsMask & oper_mask) == 0)
3145 if (primitives_only) {
3146 if (!po.IsPrimitiveApplicable (l, r))
3149 if (!po.IsApplicable (ec, left, right))
3153 if (best_operator == null) {
3155 if (primitives_only)
3161 best_operator = po.ResolveBetterOperator (ec, best_operator);
3163 if (best_operator == null) {
3164 ec.Report.Error (34, loc, "Operator `{0}' is ambiguous on operands of type `{1}' and `{2}'",
3165 OperName (oper), TypeManager.CSharpName (l), TypeManager.CSharpName (r));
3172 if (best_operator == null)
3175 Expression expr = best_operator.ConvertResult (ec, this);
3178 // Optimize &/&& constant expressions with 0 value
3180 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd || oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
3181 Constant rc = right as Constant;
3182 Constant lc = left as Constant;
3183 if ((lc != null && lc.IsDefaultValue) || (rc != null && rc.IsDefaultValue)) {
3185 // The result is a constant with side-effect
3187 Constant side_effect = rc == null ?
3188 new SideEffectConstant (lc, right, loc) :
3189 new SideEffectConstant (rc, left, loc);
3191 return ReducedExpression.Create (side_effect.Resolve (ec), expr);
3195 if (enum_type == null)
3199 // HACK: required by enum_conversion
3201 expr.Type = enum_type;
3202 return EmptyCast.Create (expr, enum_type);
3206 // Performs user-operator overloading
3208 protected virtual Expression ResolveUserOperator (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec l, TypeSpec r)
3211 if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd)
3212 user_oper = Operator.BitwiseAnd;
3213 else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr)
3214 user_oper = Operator.BitwiseOr;
3218 string op = GetOperatorMetadataName (user_oper);
3220 MethodGroupExpr left_operators = MethodLookup (ec.Compiler, ec.CurrentType, l, MemberKind.Operator, op, 0, loc);
3221 MethodGroupExpr right_operators = null;
3223 if (!TypeManager.IsEqual (r, l)) {
3224 right_operators = MethodLookup (ec.Compiler, ec.CurrentType, r, MemberKind.Operator, op, 0, loc);
3225 if (right_operators == null && left_operators == null)
3227 } else if (left_operators == null) {
3231 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
3232 Argument larg = new Argument (left);
3234 Argument rarg = new Argument (right);
3237 MethodGroupExpr union;
3240 // User-defined operator implementations always take precedence
3241 // over predefined operator implementations
3243 if (left_operators != null && right_operators != null) {
3244 if (IsPredefinedUserOperator (l, user_oper)) {
3245 union = right_operators.OverloadResolve (ec, ref args, true, loc);
3247 union = left_operators;
3248 } else if (IsPredefinedUserOperator (r, user_oper)) {
3249 union = left_operators.OverloadResolve (ec, ref args, true, loc);
3251 union = right_operators;
3253 union = MethodGroupExpr.MakeUnionSet (left_operators, right_operators, loc);
3255 } else if (left_operators != null) {
3256 union = left_operators;
3258 union = right_operators;
3261 union = union.OverloadResolve (ec, ref args, true, loc);
3265 Expression oper_expr;
3267 // TODO: CreateExpressionTree is allocated every time
3268 if (user_oper != oper) {
3269 oper_expr = new ConditionalLogicalOperator (union, args, CreateExpressionTree,
3270 oper == Operator.LogicalAnd, loc).Resolve (ec);
3272 oper_expr = new UserOperatorCall (union, args, CreateExpressionTree, loc);
3275 // This is used to check if a test 'x == null' can be optimized to a reference equals,
3276 // and not invoke user operator
3278 if ((oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0) {
3279 if ((left is NullLiteral && IsBuildInEqualityOperator (r)) ||
3280 (right is NullLiteral && IsBuildInEqualityOperator (l))) {
3281 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
3282 if (left is NullLiteral || right is NullLiteral)
3283 oper_expr = ReducedExpression.Create (this, oper_expr);
3284 } else if (l != r) {
3285 var mi = union.BestCandidate;
3288 // Two System.Delegate(s) are never equal
3290 if (mi.DeclaringType == TypeManager.multicast_delegate_type)
3301 public override TypeExpr ResolveAsTypeTerminal (IMemberContext ec, bool silent)
3306 private void CheckUselessComparison (ResolveContext ec, Constant c, TypeSpec type)
3308 if (c == null || !IsTypeIntegral (type)
3309 || c is StringConstant
3310 || c is BoolConstant
3311 || c is FloatConstant
3312 || c is DoubleConstant
3313 || c is DecimalConstant
3319 if (c is ULongConstant) {
3320 ulong uvalue = ((ULongConstant) c).Value;
3321 if (uvalue > long.MaxValue) {
3322 if (type == TypeManager.byte_type ||
3323 type == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
3324 type == TypeManager.short_type ||
3325 type == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
3326 type == TypeManager.int32_type ||
3327 type == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
3328 type == TypeManager.int64_type ||
3329 type == TypeManager.char_type)
3330 WarnUselessComparison (ec, type);
3333 value = (long) uvalue;
3335 else if (c is ByteConstant)
3336 value = ((ByteConstant) c).Value;
3337 else if (c is SByteConstant)
3338 value = ((SByteConstant) c).Value;
3339 else if (c is ShortConstant)
3340 value = ((ShortConstant) c).Value;
3341 else if (c is UShortConstant)
3342 value = ((UShortConstant) c).Value;
3343 else if (c is IntConstant)
3344 value = ((IntConstant) c).Value;
3345 else if (c is UIntConstant)
3346 value = ((UIntConstant) c).Value;
3347 else if (c is LongConstant)
3348 value = ((LongConstant) c).Value;
3349 else if (c is CharConstant)
3350 value = ((CharConstant)c).Value;
3355 if (IsValueOutOfRange (value, type))
3356 WarnUselessComparison (ec, type);
3359 static bool IsValueOutOfRange (long value, TypeSpec type)
3361 if (IsTypeUnsigned (type) && value < 0)
3363 return type == TypeManager.sbyte_type && (value >= 0x80 || value < -0x80) ||
3364 type == TypeManager.byte_type && value >= 0x100 ||
3365 type == TypeManager.short_type && (value >= 0x8000 || value < -0x8000) ||
3366 type == TypeManager.ushort_type && value >= 0x10000 ||
3367 type == TypeManager.int32_type && (value >= 0x80000000 || value < -0x80000000) ||
3368 type == TypeManager.uint32_type && value >= 0x100000000;
3371 static bool IsBuildInEqualityOperator (TypeSpec t)
3373 return t == TypeManager.object_type || t == TypeManager.string_type ||
3374 t == TypeManager.delegate_type || TypeManager.IsDelegateType (t);
3377 static bool IsPredefinedUserOperator (TypeSpec t, Operator op)
3380 // Some predefined types have user operators
3382 return (op & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0 && (t == TypeManager.string_type || t == TypeManager.decimal_type);
3385 private static bool IsTypeIntegral (TypeSpec type)
3387 return type == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
3388 type == TypeManager.int64_type ||
3389 type == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
3390 type == TypeManager.int32_type ||
3391 type == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
3392 type == TypeManager.short_type ||
3393 type == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
3394 type == TypeManager.byte_type ||
3395 type == TypeManager.char_type;
3398 private static bool IsTypeUnsigned (TypeSpec type)
3400 return type == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
3401 type == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
3402 type == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
3403 type == TypeManager.byte_type ||
3404 type == TypeManager.char_type;
3407 private void WarnUselessComparison (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec type)
3409 ec.Report.Warning (652, 2, loc, "A comparison between a constant and a variable is useless. The constant is out of the range of the variable type `{0}'",
3410 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
3414 /// EmitBranchable is called from Statement.EmitBoolExpression in the
3415 /// context of a conditional bool expression. This function will return
3416 /// false if it is was possible to use EmitBranchable, or true if it was.
3418 /// The expression's code is generated, and we will generate a branch to `target'
3419 /// if the resulting expression value is equal to isTrue
3421 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
3424 // This is more complicated than it looks, but its just to avoid
3425 // duplicated tests: basically, we allow ==, !=, >, <, >= and <=
3426 // but on top of that we want for == and != to use a special path
3427 // if we are comparing against null
3429 if ((oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0 && (left is Constant || right is Constant)) {
3430 bool my_on_true = oper == Operator.Inequality ? on_true : !on_true;
3433 // put the constant on the rhs, for simplicity
3435 if (left is Constant) {
3436 Expression swap = right;
3442 // brtrue/brfalse works with native int only
3444 if (((Constant) right).IsZeroInteger && right.Type != TypeManager.int64_type && right.Type != TypeManager.uint64_type) {
3445 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, my_on_true);
3448 if (right.Type == TypeManager.bool_type) {
3449 // right is a boolean, and it's not 'false' => it is 'true'
3450 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, !my_on_true);
3454 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
3457 Label tests_end = ec.DefineLabel ();
3459 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, false);
3460 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
3461 ec.MarkLabel (tests_end);
3464 // This optimizes code like this
3465 // if (true && i > 4)
3467 if (!(left is Constant))
3468 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
3470 if (!(right is Constant))
3471 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
3476 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr){
3478 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
3479 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
3482 Label tests_end = ec.DefineLabel ();
3483 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, true);
3484 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
3485 ec.MarkLabel (tests_end);
3490 } else if ((oper & Operator.ComparisonMask) == 0) {
3491 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
3498 TypeSpec t = left.Type;
3499 bool is_float = IsFloat (t);
3500 bool is_unsigned = is_float || IsUnsigned (t);
3503 case Operator.Equality:
3505 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
3507 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
3510 case Operator.Inequality:
3512 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
3514 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
3517 case Operator.LessThan:
3519 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3520 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
3522 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
3525 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
3527 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
3530 case Operator.GreaterThan:
3532 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3533 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
3535 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
3538 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
3540 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
3543 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
3545 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3546 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
3548 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
3551 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
3553 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
3557 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
3559 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3560 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
3562 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
3565 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
3567 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
3570 throw new InternalErrorException (oper.ToString ());
3574 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3576 EmitOperator (ec, left.Type);
3579 protected virtual void EmitOperator (EmitContext ec, TypeSpec l)
3582 // Handle short-circuit operators differently
3585 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0) {
3586 Label load_result = ec.DefineLabel ();
3587 Label end = ec.DefineLabel ();
3589 bool is_or = oper == Operator.LogicalOr;
3590 left.EmitBranchable (ec, load_result, is_or);
3592 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Br_S, end);
3594 ec.MarkLabel (load_result);
3595 ec.Emit (is_or ? OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1 : OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
3601 // Optimize zero-based operations which cannot be optimized at expression level
3603 if (oper == Operator.Subtraction) {
3604 var lc = left as IntegralConstant;
3605 if (lc != null && lc.IsDefaultValue) {
3607 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Neg);
3614 EmitOperatorOpcode (ec, oper, l);
3617 // Nullable enum could require underlying type cast and we cannot simply wrap binary
3618 // expression because that would wrap lifted binary operation
3620 if (enum_conversion != null)
3621 enum_conversion.Emit (ec);
3624 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
3626 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0 ||
3627 (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope) && (oper == Operator.Multiply || oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction))) {
3628 base.EmitSideEffect (ec);
3630 left.EmitSideEffect (ec);
3631 right.EmitSideEffect (ec);
3635 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
3637 Binary target = (Binary) t;
3639 target.left = left.Clone (clonectx);
3640 target.right = right.Clone (clonectx);
3643 public Expression CreateCallSiteBinder (ResolveContext ec, Arguments args)
3645 Arguments binder_args = new Arguments (4);
3647 MemberAccess sle = new MemberAccess (new MemberAccess (
3648 new QualifiedAliasMember (QualifiedAliasMember.GlobalAlias, "System", loc), "Linq", loc), "Expressions", loc);
3650 CSharpBinderFlags flags = 0;
3651 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope))
3652 flags = CSharpBinderFlags.CheckedContext;
3654 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0)
3655 flags |= CSharpBinderFlags.BinaryOperationLogical;
3657 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new EnumConstant (new IntLiteral ((int) flags, loc), TypeManager.binder_flags)));
3658 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new MemberAccess (new MemberAccess (sle, "ExpressionType", loc), GetOperatorExpressionTypeName (), loc)));
3659 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (ec.CurrentType, loc), loc)));
3660 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (args.CreateDynamicBinderArguments (ec), loc)));
3662 return new Invocation (DynamicExpressionStatement.GetBinder ("BinaryOperation", loc), binder_args);
3665 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
3667 return CreateExpressionTree (ec, null);
3670 Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec, MethodGroupExpr method)
3673 bool lift_arg = false;
3676 case Operator.Addition:
3677 if (method == null && ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type))
3678 method_name = "AddChecked";
3680 method_name = "Add";
3682 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
3683 method_name = "And";
3685 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
3688 case Operator.Division:
3689 method_name = "Divide";
3691 case Operator.Equality:
3692 method_name = "Equal";
3695 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
3696 method_name = "ExclusiveOr";
3698 case Operator.GreaterThan:
3699 method_name = "GreaterThan";
3702 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
3703 method_name = "GreaterThanOrEqual";
3706 case Operator.Inequality:
3707 method_name = "NotEqual";
3710 case Operator.LeftShift:
3711 method_name = "LeftShift";
3713 case Operator.LessThan:
3714 method_name = "LessThan";
3717 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
3718 method_name = "LessThanOrEqual";
3721 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
3722 method_name = "AndAlso";
3724 case Operator.LogicalOr:
3725 method_name = "OrElse";
3727 case Operator.Modulus:
3728 method_name = "Modulo";
3730 case Operator.Multiply:
3731 if (method == null && ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type))
3732 method_name = "MultiplyChecked";
3734 method_name = "Multiply";
3736 case Operator.RightShift:
3737 method_name = "RightShift";
3739 case Operator.Subtraction:
3740 if (method == null && ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type))
3741 method_name = "SubtractChecked";
3743 method_name = "Subtract";
3747 throw new InternalErrorException ("Unknown expression tree binary operator " + oper);
3750 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
3751 args.Add (new Argument (left.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
3752 args.Add (new Argument (right.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
3753 if (method != null) {
3755 args.Add (new Argument (new BoolConstant (false, loc)));
3757 args.Add (new Argument (method.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
3760 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, method_name, args);
3765 // Represents the operation a + b [+ c [+ d [+ ...]]], where a is a string
3766 // b, c, d... may be strings or objects.
3768 public class StringConcat : Expression {
3769 Arguments arguments;
3771 public StringConcat (Expression left, Expression right, Location loc)
3774 type = TypeManager.string_type;
3775 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3777 arguments = new Arguments (2);
3780 public static StringConcat Create (ResolveContext rc, Expression left, Expression right, Location loc)
3782 if (left.eclass == ExprClass.Unresolved || right.eclass == ExprClass.Unresolved)
3783 throw new ArgumentException ();
3785 var s = new StringConcat (left, right, loc);
3786 s.Append (rc, left);
3787 s.Append (rc, right);
3791 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
3793 Argument arg = arguments [0];
3794 return CreateExpressionAddCall (ec, arg, arg.CreateExpressionTree (ec), 1);
3798 // Creates nested calls tree from an array of arguments used for IL emit
3800 Expression CreateExpressionAddCall (ResolveContext ec, Argument left, Expression left_etree, int pos)
3802 Arguments concat_args = new Arguments (2);
3803 Arguments add_args = new Arguments (3);
3805 concat_args.Add (left);
3806 add_args.Add (new Argument (left_etree));
3808 concat_args.Add (arguments [pos]);
3809 add_args.Add (new Argument (arguments [pos].CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
3811 MethodGroupExpr method = CreateConcatMemberExpression ().Resolve (ec) as MethodGroupExpr;
3815 method = method.OverloadResolve (ec, ref concat_args, false, loc);
3819 add_args.Add (new Argument (method.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
3821 Expression expr = CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Add", add_args);
3822 if (++pos == arguments.Count)
3825 left = new Argument (new EmptyExpression (method.BestCandidate.ReturnType));
3826 return CreateExpressionAddCall (ec, left, expr, pos);
3829 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
3834 void Append (ResolveContext rc, Expression operand)
3839 StringConstant sc = operand as StringConstant;
3841 if (arguments.Count != 0) {
3842 Argument last_argument = arguments [arguments.Count - 1];
3843 StringConstant last_expr_constant = last_argument.Expr as StringConstant;
3844 if (last_expr_constant != null) {
3845 last_argument.Expr = new StringConstant (
3846 last_expr_constant.Value + sc.Value, sc.Location).Resolve (rc);
3852 // Multiple (3+) concatenation are resolved as multiple StringConcat instances
3854 StringConcat concat_oper = operand as StringConcat;
3855 if (concat_oper != null) {
3856 arguments.AddRange (concat_oper.arguments);
3861 arguments.Add (new Argument (operand));
3864 Expression CreateConcatMemberExpression ()
3866 return new MemberAccess (new MemberAccess (new QualifiedAliasMember ("global", "System", loc), "String", loc), "Concat", loc);
3869 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3871 Expression concat = new Invocation (CreateConcatMemberExpression (), arguments, true);
3872 concat = concat.Resolve (new ResolveContext (ec.MemberContext));
3877 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
3879 if (arguments.Count != 2)
3880 throw new NotImplementedException ("arguments.Count != 2");
3882 var concat = typeof (string).GetMethod ("Concat", new[] { typeof (object), typeof (object) });
3883 return SLE.Expression.Add (arguments[0].Expr.MakeExpression (ctx), arguments[1].Expr.MakeExpression (ctx), concat);
3888 // User-defined conditional logical operator
3890 public class ConditionalLogicalOperator : UserOperatorCall {
3891 readonly bool is_and;
3894 public ConditionalLogicalOperator (MethodGroupExpr oper_method, Arguments arguments,
3895 ExpressionTreeExpression expr_tree, bool is_and, Location loc)
3896 : base (oper_method, arguments, expr_tree, loc)
3898 this.is_and = is_and;
3899 eclass = ExprClass.Unresolved;
3902 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
3904 var method = mg.BestCandidate;
3905 type = method.ReturnType;
3906 AParametersCollection pd = method.Parameters;
3907 if (!TypeManager.IsEqual (type, type) || !TypeManager.IsEqual (type, pd.Types [0]) || !TypeManager.IsEqual (type, pd.Types [1])) {
3908 ec.Report.Error (217, loc,
3909 "A user-defined operator `{0}' must have parameters and return values of the same type in order to be applicable as a short circuit operator",
3910 TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method));
3914 Expression left_dup = new EmptyExpression (type);
3915 Expression op_true = GetOperatorTrue (ec, left_dup, loc);
3916 Expression op_false = GetOperatorFalse (ec, left_dup, loc);
3917 if (op_true == null || op_false == null) {
3918 ec.Report.Error (218, loc,
3919 "The type `{0}' must have operator `true' and operator `false' defined when `{1}' is used as a short circuit operator",
3920 TypeManager.CSharpName (type), TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method));
3924 oper = is_and ? op_false : op_true;
3925 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3929 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3931 Label end_target = ec.DefineLabel ();
3934 // Emit and duplicate left argument
3936 arguments [0].Expr.Emit (ec);
3937 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3938 arguments.RemoveAt (0);
3940 oper.EmitBranchable (ec, end_target, true);
3942 ec.MarkLabel (end_target);
3946 public class PointerArithmetic : Expression {
3947 Expression left, right;
3951 // We assume that `l' is always a pointer
3953 public PointerArithmetic (Binary.Operator op, Expression l, Expression r, TypeSpec t, Location loc)
3962 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
3964 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
3968 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
3970 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3972 if (left.Type == TypeManager.void_ptr_type) {
3973 ec.Report.Error (242, loc, "The operation in question is undefined on void pointers");
3980 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3982 TypeSpec op_type = left.Type;
3984 // It must be either array or fixed buffer
3986 if (TypeManager.HasElementType (op_type)) {
3987 element = TypeManager.GetElementType (op_type);
3989 FieldExpr fe = left as FieldExpr;
3991 element = ((FixedFieldSpec) (fe.Spec)).ElementType;
3996 int size = GetTypeSize (element);
3997 TypeSpec rtype = right.Type;
3999 if ((op & Binary.Operator.SubtractionMask) != 0 && rtype.IsPointer){
4001 // handle (pointer - pointer)
4005 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
4009 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
4012 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Div);
4014 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
4017 // handle + and - on (pointer op int)
4019 Constant left_const = left as Constant;
4020 if (left_const != null) {
4022 // Optimize ((T*)null) pointer operations
4024 if (left_const.IsDefaultValue) {
4025 left = EmptyExpression.Null;
4033 var right_const = right as Constant;
4034 if (right_const != null) {
4036 // Optimize 0-based arithmetic
4038 if (right_const.IsDefaultValue)
4042 right = new IntConstant (size, right.Location);
4044 right = new SizeOf (new TypeExpression (element, right.Location), right.Location);
4046 // TODO: Should be the checks resolve context sensitive?
4047 ResolveContext rc = new ResolveContext (ec.MemberContext, ResolveContext.Options.UnsafeScope);
4048 right = new Binary (Binary.Operator.Multiply, right, right_const, loc).Resolve (rc);
4054 if (rtype == TypeManager.sbyte_type || rtype == TypeManager.byte_type ||
4055 rtype == TypeManager.short_type || rtype == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
4056 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
4057 } else if (rtype == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
4058 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U);
4061 if (right_const == null && size != 1){
4063 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
4066 if (rtype == TypeManager.int64_type || rtype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4067 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
4069 Binary.EmitOperatorOpcode (ec, Binary.Operator.Multiply, rtype);
4072 if (left_const == null) {
4073 if (rtype == TypeManager.int64_type)
4074 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
4075 else if (rtype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4076 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U);
4078 Binary.EmitOperatorOpcode (ec, op, op_type);
4085 // A boolean-expression is an expression that yields a result
4088 public class BooleanExpression : ShimExpression
4090 public BooleanExpression (Expression expr)
4093 this.loc = expr.Location;
4096 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4098 // TODO: We should emit IsTrue (v4) instead of direct user operator
4099 // call but that would break csc compatibility
4100 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
4103 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4105 // A boolean-expression is required to be of a type
4106 // that can be implicitly converted to bool or of
4107 // a type that implements operator true
4109 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
4113 Assign ass = expr as Assign;
4114 if (ass != null && ass.Source is Constant) {
4115 ec.Report.Warning (665, 3, loc,
4116 "Assignment in conditional expression is always constant. Did you mean to use `==' instead ?");
4119 if (expr.Type == TypeManager.bool_type)
4122 if (expr.Type == InternalType.Dynamic) {
4123 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
4124 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
4125 return new DynamicUnaryConversion ("IsTrue", args, loc).Resolve (ec);
4128 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
4129 Expression converted = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, expr, type, loc);
4130 if (converted != null)
4134 // If no implicit conversion to bool exists, try using `operator true'
4136 converted = GetOperatorTrue (ec, expr, loc);
4137 if (converted == null) {
4138 expr.Error_ValueCannotBeConverted (ec, loc, type, false);
4147 /// Implements the ternary conditional operator (?:)
4149 public class Conditional : Expression {
4150 Expression expr, true_expr, false_expr;
4152 public Conditional (BooleanExpression expr, Expression true_expr, Expression false_expr)
4155 this.true_expr = true_expr;
4156 this.false_expr = false_expr;
4157 this.loc = expr.Location;
4160 public Expression Expr {
4166 public Expression TrueExpr {
4172 public Expression FalseExpr {
4178 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4180 Arguments args = new Arguments (3);
4181 args.Add (new Argument (expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4182 args.Add (new Argument (true_expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4183 args.Add (new Argument (false_expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4184 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Condition", args);
4187 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4189 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
4190 true_expr = true_expr.Resolve (ec);
4191 false_expr = false_expr.Resolve (ec);
4193 if (true_expr == null || false_expr == null || expr == null)
4196 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
4197 TypeSpec true_type = true_expr.Type;
4198 TypeSpec false_type = false_expr.Type;
4202 // First, if an implicit conversion exists from true_expr
4203 // to false_expr, then the result type is of type false_expr.Type
4205 if (!TypeManager.IsEqual (true_type, false_type)) {
4206 Expression conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, true_expr, false_type, loc);
4209 // Check if both can convert implicitly to each other's type
4211 if (Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, false_expr, true_type, loc) != null) {
4212 ec.Report.Error (172, true_expr.Location,
4213 "Type of conditional expression cannot be determined as `{0}' and `{1}' convert implicitly to each other",
4214 TypeManager.CSharpName (true_type), TypeManager.CSharpName (false_type));
4219 } else if ((conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, false_expr, true_type, loc)) != null) {
4222 ec.Report.Error (173, true_expr.Location,
4223 "Type of conditional expression cannot be determined because there is no implicit conversion between `{0}' and `{1}'",
4224 TypeManager.CSharpName (true_type), TypeManager.CSharpName (false_type));
4229 // Dead code optimalization
4230 Constant c = expr as Constant;
4232 bool is_false = c.IsDefaultValue;
4233 ec.Report.Warning (429, 4, is_false ? true_expr.Location : false_expr.Location, "Unreachable expression code detected");
4234 return ReducedExpression.Create (is_false ? false_expr : true_expr, this).Resolve (ec);
4240 public override TypeExpr ResolveAsTypeTerminal (IMemberContext ec, bool silent)
4245 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4247 Label false_target = ec.DefineLabel ();
4248 Label end_target = ec.DefineLabel ();
4250 expr.EmitBranchable (ec, false_target, false);
4251 true_expr.Emit (ec);
4253 if (type.IsInterface) {
4254 LocalBuilder temp = ec.GetTemporaryLocal (type);
4255 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, temp);
4256 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, temp);
4257 ec.FreeTemporaryLocal (temp, type);
4260 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end_target);
4261 ec.MarkLabel (false_target);
4262 false_expr.Emit (ec);
4263 ec.MarkLabel (end_target);
4266 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
4268 Conditional target = (Conditional) t;
4270 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
4271 target.true_expr = true_expr.Clone (clonectx);
4272 target.false_expr = false_expr.Clone (clonectx);
4276 public abstract class VariableReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation, IVariableReference {
4277 LocalTemporary temp;
4280 public abstract HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae);
4281 public abstract bool IsFixed { get; }
4282 public abstract bool IsRef { get; }
4283 public abstract string Name { get; }
4284 public abstract void SetHasAddressTaken ();
4287 // Variable IL data, it has to be protected to encapsulate hoisted variables
4289 protected abstract ILocalVariable Variable { get; }
4292 // Variable flow-analysis data
4294 public abstract VariableInfo VariableInfo { get; }
4297 public virtual void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
4299 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4301 hv.AddressOf (ec, mode);
4305 Variable.EmitAddressOf (ec);
4308 public HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (ResolveContext rc)
4310 return GetHoistedVariable (rc.CurrentAnonymousMethod);
4313 public HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (EmitContext ec)
4315 return GetHoistedVariable (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod);
4318 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
4323 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4328 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
4334 // This method is used by parameters that are references, that are
4335 // being passed as references: we only want to pass the pointer (that
4336 // is already stored in the parameter, not the address of the pointer,
4337 // and not the value of the variable).
4339 public void EmitLoad (EmitContext ec)
4344 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
4346 Report.Debug (64, "VARIABLE EMIT", this, Variable, type, IsRef, loc);
4348 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4350 hv.Emit (ec, leave_copy);
4358 // If we are a reference, we loaded on the stack a pointer
4359 // Now lets load the real value
4361 ec.EmitLoadFromPtr (type);
4365 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
4368 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
4374 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy,
4375 bool prepare_for_load)
4377 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4379 hv.EmitAssign (ec, source, leave_copy, prepare_for_load);
4383 New n_source = source as New;
4384 if (n_source != null) {
4385 if (!n_source.Emit (ec, this)) {
4398 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
4400 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
4406 ec.EmitStoreFromPtr (type);
4408 Variable.EmitAssign (ec);
4416 public bool IsHoisted {
4417 get { return GetHoistedVariable ((AnonymousExpression) null) != null; }
4424 public class LocalVariableReference : VariableReference {
4425 readonly string name;
4427 public LocalInfo local_info;
4430 public LocalVariableReference (Block block, string name, Location l)
4438 // Setting `is_readonly' to false will allow you to create a writable
4439 // reference to a read-only variable. This is used by foreach and using.
4441 public LocalVariableReference (Block block, string name, Location l,
4442 LocalInfo local_info, bool is_readonly)
4443 : this (block, name, l)
4445 this.local_info = local_info;
4446 this.is_readonly = is_readonly;
4449 public override VariableInfo VariableInfo {
4450 get { return local_info.VariableInfo; }
4453 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
4455 return local_info.HoistedVariant;
4459 // A local variable is always fixed
4461 public override bool IsFixed {
4462 get { return true; }
4465 public override bool IsRef {
4466 get { return false; }
4469 public bool IsReadOnly {
4470 get { return is_readonly; }
4473 public override string Name {
4474 get { return name; }
4477 public bool VerifyAssigned (ResolveContext ec)
4479 VariableInfo variable_info = local_info.VariableInfo;
4480 return variable_info == null || variable_info.IsAssigned (ec, loc);
4483 void ResolveLocalInfo ()
4485 if (local_info == null) {
4486 local_info = Block.GetLocalInfo (Name);
4487 type = local_info.VariableType;
4488 is_readonly = local_info.ReadOnly;
4492 public override void SetHasAddressTaken ()
4494 local_info.AddressTaken = true;
4497 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4499 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4501 return hv.CreateExpressionTree ();
4503 Arguments arg = new Arguments (1);
4504 arg.Add (new Argument (this));
4505 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", arg);
4508 Expression DoResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
4510 Expression e = Block.GetConstantExpression (Name);
4512 return e.Resolve (ec);
4514 VerifyAssigned (ec);
4517 // If we are referencing a variable from the external block
4518 // flag it for capturing
4520 if (ec.MustCaptureVariable (local_info)) {
4521 if (local_info.AddressTaken)
4522 AnonymousMethodExpression.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (ec, this, loc);
4524 if (ec.IsVariableCapturingRequired) {
4525 AnonymousMethodStorey storey = local_info.Block.Explicit.CreateAnonymousMethodStorey (ec);
4526 storey.CaptureLocalVariable (ec, local_info);
4530 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
4531 type = local_info.VariableType;
4535 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4537 ResolveLocalInfo ();
4538 local_info.Used = true;
4540 if (type == null && local_info.Type is VarExpr) {
4541 local_info.VariableType = TypeManager.object_type;
4542 Error_VariableIsUsedBeforeItIsDeclared (ec.Report, Name);
4546 return DoResolveBase (ec);
4549 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
4551 ResolveLocalInfo ();
4554 if (right_side == EmptyExpression.OutAccess.Instance)
4555 local_info.Used = true;
4557 // Infer implicitly typed local variable
4559 VarExpr ve = local_info.Type as VarExpr;
4561 if (!ve.InferType (ec, right_side))
4563 type = local_info.VariableType = ve.Type;
4570 if (right_side == EmptyExpression.OutAccess.Instance) {
4571 code = 1657; msg = "Cannot pass `{0}' as a ref or out argument because it is a `{1}'";
4572 } else if (right_side == EmptyExpression.LValueMemberAccess) {
4573 code = 1654; msg = "Cannot assign to members of `{0}' because it is a `{1}'";
4574 } else if (right_side == EmptyExpression.LValueMemberOutAccess) {
4575 code = 1655; msg = "Cannot pass members of `{0}' as ref or out arguments because it is a `{1}'";
4576 } else if (right_side == EmptyExpression.UnaryAddress) {
4577 code = 459; msg = "Cannot take the address of {1} `{0}'";
4579 code = 1656; msg = "Cannot assign to `{0}' because it is a `{1}'";
4581 ec.Report.Error (code, loc, msg, Name, local_info.GetReadOnlyContext ());
4582 } else if (VariableInfo != null) {
4583 VariableInfo.SetAssigned (ec);
4586 return DoResolveBase (ec);
4589 public override int GetHashCode ()
4591 return Name.GetHashCode ();
4594 public override bool Equals (object obj)
4596 LocalVariableReference lvr = obj as LocalVariableReference;
4600 return Name == lvr.Name && Block == lvr.Block;
4603 protected override ILocalVariable Variable {
4604 get { return local_info; }
4607 public override string ToString ()
4609 return String.Format ("{0} ({1}:{2})", GetType (), Name, loc);
4612 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
4614 LocalVariableReference target = (LocalVariableReference) t;
4616 target.Block = clonectx.LookupBlock (Block);
4617 if (local_info != null)
4618 target.local_info = clonectx.LookupVariable (local_info);
4623 /// This represents a reference to a parameter in the intermediate
4626 public class ParameterReference : VariableReference {
4627 readonly ToplevelParameterInfo pi;
4629 public ParameterReference (ToplevelParameterInfo pi, Location loc)
4635 public override bool IsRef {
4636 get { return (pi.Parameter.ModFlags & Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF) != 0; }
4639 bool HasOutModifier {
4640 get { return pi.Parameter.ModFlags == Parameter.Modifier.OUT; }
4643 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
4645 return pi.Parameter.HoistedVariant;
4649 // A ref or out parameter is classified as a moveable variable, even
4650 // if the argument given for the parameter is a fixed variable
4652 public override bool IsFixed {
4653 get { return !IsRef; }
4656 public override string Name {
4657 get { return Parameter.Name; }
4660 public Parameter Parameter {
4661 get { return pi.Parameter; }
4664 public override VariableInfo VariableInfo {
4665 get { return pi.VariableInfo; }
4668 protected override ILocalVariable Variable {
4669 get { return Parameter; }
4672 public bool IsAssigned (ResolveContext ec, Location loc)
4674 // HACK: Variables are not captured in probing mode
4675 if (ec.IsInProbingMode)
4678 if (!ec.DoFlowAnalysis || !HasOutModifier || ec.CurrentBranching.IsAssigned (VariableInfo))
4681 ec.Report.Error (269, loc, "Use of unassigned out parameter `{0}'", Name);
4685 public override void SetHasAddressTaken ()
4687 Parameter.HasAddressTaken = true;
4690 void SetAssigned (ResolveContext ec)
4692 if (HasOutModifier && ec.DoFlowAnalysis)
4693 ec.CurrentBranching.SetAssigned (VariableInfo);
4696 bool DoResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
4698 type = pi.ParameterType;
4699 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
4701 AnonymousExpression am = ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod;
4705 Block b = ec.CurrentBlock;
4708 IParameterData[] p = b.Toplevel.Parameters.FixedParameters;
4709 for (int i = 0; i < p.Length; ++i) {
4710 if (p [i] != Parameter)
4714 // Don't capture local parameters
4716 if (b == ec.CurrentBlock.Toplevel && !am.IsIterator)
4720 ec.Report.Error (1628, loc,
4721 "Parameter `{0}' cannot be used inside `{1}' when using `ref' or `out' modifier",
4722 Name, am.ContainerType);
4725 if (pi.Parameter.HasAddressTaken)
4726 AnonymousMethodExpression.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (ec, this, loc);
4728 if (ec.IsVariableCapturingRequired && !b.Toplevel.IsExpressionTree) {
4729 AnonymousMethodStorey storey = pi.Block.CreateAnonymousMethodStorey (ec);
4730 storey.CaptureParameter (ec, this);
4742 public override int GetHashCode ()
4744 return Name.GetHashCode ();
4747 public override bool Equals (object obj)
4749 ParameterReference pr = obj as ParameterReference;
4753 return Name == pr.Name;
4756 public override void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
4759 // ParameterReferences might already be a reference
4766 base.AddressOf (ec, mode);
4769 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
4774 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4776 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4778 return hv.CreateExpressionTree ();
4780 return Parameter.ExpressionTreeVariableReference ();
4784 // Notice that for ref/out parameters, the type exposed is not the
4785 // same type exposed externally.
4788 // externally we expose "int&"
4789 // here we expose "int".
4791 // We record this in "is_ref". This means that the type system can treat
4792 // the type as it is expected, but when we generate the code, we generate
4793 // the alternate kind of code.
4795 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4797 if (!DoResolveBase (ec))
4800 // HACK: Variables are not captured in probing mode
4801 if (ec.IsInProbingMode)
4804 if (HasOutModifier && ec.DoFlowAnalysis &&
4805 (!ec.OmitStructFlowAnalysis || !VariableInfo.TypeInfo.IsStruct) && !IsAssigned (ec, loc))
4811 override public Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
4813 if (!DoResolveBase (ec))
4820 static public void EmitLdArg (EmitContext ec, int x)
4823 case 0: ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0); break;
4824 case 1: ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_1); break;
4825 case 2: ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_2); break;
4826 case 3: ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_3); break;
4828 if (x > byte.MaxValue)
4829 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg, x);
4831 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte) x);
4838 /// Invocation of methods or delegates.
4840 public class Invocation : ExpressionStatement
4842 protected Arguments arguments;
4843 protected Expression expr;
4844 protected MethodGroupExpr mg;
4845 bool arguments_resolved;
4848 // arguments is an ArrayList, but we do not want to typecast,
4849 // as it might be null.
4851 public Invocation (Expression expr, Arguments arguments)
4853 SimpleName sn = expr as SimpleName;
4855 this.expr = sn.GetMethodGroup ();
4859 this.arguments = arguments;
4861 loc = expr.Location;
4864 public Invocation (Expression expr, Arguments arguments, bool arguments_resolved)
4865 : this (expr, arguments)
4867 this.arguments_resolved = arguments_resolved;
4870 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4872 Expression instance = mg.IsInstance ?
4873 mg.InstanceExpression.CreateExpressionTree (ec) :
4874 new NullLiteral (loc);
4876 var args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, arguments,
4878 mg.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
4881 MemberExpr.Error_BaseAccessInExpressionTree (ec, loc);
4883 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Call", args);
4886 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4888 Expression member_expr = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.MethodGroup);
4889 if (member_expr == null)
4893 // Next, evaluate all the expressions in the argument list
4895 bool dynamic_arg = false;
4896 if (arguments != null && !arguments_resolved)
4897 arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic_arg);
4899 TypeSpec expr_type = member_expr.Type;
4900 mg = member_expr as MethodGroupExpr;
4902 bool dynamic_member = expr_type == InternalType.Dynamic;
4904 if (!dynamic_member) {
4905 Expression invoke = null;
4908 if (expr_type != null && TypeManager.IsDelegateType (expr_type)) {
4909 invoke = new DelegateInvocation (member_expr, arguments, loc);
4910 invoke = invoke.Resolve (ec);
4911 if (invoke == null || !dynamic_arg)
4914 MemberExpr me = member_expr as MemberExpr;
4916 member_expr.Error_UnexpectedKind (ec, ResolveFlags.MethodGroup, loc);
4920 mg = ec.LookupExtensionMethod (me.Type, me.Name, -1, loc);
4922 ec.Report.Error (1955, loc, "The member `{0}' cannot be used as method or delegate",
4923 member_expr.GetSignatureForError ());
4927 ((ExtensionMethodGroupExpr) mg).ExtensionExpression = me.InstanceExpression;
4931 if (invoke == null) {
4932 mg = DoResolveOverload (ec);
4938 if (dynamic_arg || dynamic_member)
4939 return DoResolveDynamic (ec, member_expr);
4941 var method = mg.BestCandidate;
4942 if (method != null) {
4943 type = method.ReturnType;
4947 // Only base will allow this invocation to happen.
4949 if (mg.IsBase && method.IsAbstract){
4950 Error_CannotCallAbstractBase (ec, TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method));
4954 if (arguments == null && method.DeclaringType == TypeManager.object_type && method.Name == Destructor.MetadataName) {
4956 ec.Report.Error (250, loc, "Do not directly call your base class Finalize method. It is called automatically from your destructor");
4958 ec.Report.Error (245, loc, "Destructors and object.Finalize cannot be called directly. Consider calling IDisposable.Dispose if available");
4962 IsSpecialMethodInvocation (ec, method, loc);
4964 if (mg.InstanceExpression != null)
4965 mg.InstanceExpression.CheckMarshalByRefAccess (ec);
4967 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
4971 Expression DoResolveDynamic (ResolveContext ec, Expression memberExpr)
4974 DynamicMemberBinder dmb = memberExpr as DynamicMemberBinder;
4976 args = dmb.Arguments;
4977 if (arguments != null)
4978 args.AddRange (arguments);
4979 } else if (mg == null) {
4980 if (arguments == null)
4981 args = new Arguments (1);
4985 args.Insert (0, new Argument (memberExpr));
4989 ec.Report.Error (1971, loc,
4990 "The base call to method `{0}' cannot be dynamically dispatched. Consider casting the dynamic arguments or eliminating the base access",
4997 if (mg.IsStatic != mg.IsInstance) {
4999 args = new Arguments (1);
5002 args.Insert (0, new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (mg.DeclaringType, loc), loc).Resolve (ec), Argument.AType.DynamicTypeName));
5004 MemberAccess ma = expr as MemberAccess;
5006 args.Insert (0, new Argument (ma.Left.Resolve (ec)));
5008 args.Insert (0, new Argument (new This (loc).Resolve (ec)));
5013 return new DynamicInvocation (expr as ATypeNameExpression, args, loc).Resolve (ec);
5016 protected virtual MethodGroupExpr DoResolveOverload (ResolveContext ec)
5018 return mg.OverloadResolve (ec, ref arguments, false, loc);
5021 public static bool IsSpecialMethodInvocation (ResolveContext ec, MethodSpec method, Location loc)
5023 if (!method.IsReservedMethod)
5026 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.InvokeSpecialName))
5029 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (method);
5030 ec.Report.Error (571, loc, "`{0}': cannot explicitly call operator or accessor",
5031 method.GetSignatureForError ());
5036 static Type[] GetVarargsTypes (MethodSpec mb, Arguments arguments)
5038 AParametersCollection pd = mb.Parameters;
5040 Argument a = arguments [pd.Count - 1];
5041 Arglist list = (Arglist) a.Expr;
5043 return list.ArgumentTypes;
5047 /// is_base tells whether we want to force the use of the `call'
5048 /// opcode instead of using callvirt. Call is required to call
5049 /// a specific method, while callvirt will always use the most
5050 /// recent method in the vtable.
5052 /// is_static tells whether this is an invocation on a static method
5054 /// instance_expr is an expression that represents the instance
5055 /// it must be non-null if is_static is false.
5057 /// method is the method to invoke.
5059 /// Arguments is the list of arguments to pass to the method or constructor.
5061 public static void EmitCall (EmitContext ec, bool is_base,
5062 Expression instance_expr,
5063 MethodSpec method, Arguments Arguments, Location loc)
5065 EmitCall (ec, is_base, instance_expr, method, Arguments, loc, false, false);
5068 // `dup_args' leaves an extra copy of the arguments on the stack
5069 // `omit_args' does not leave any arguments at all.
5070 // So, basically, you could make one call with `dup_args' set to true,
5071 // and then another with `omit_args' set to true, and the two calls
5072 // would have the same set of arguments. However, each argument would
5073 // only have been evaluated once.
5074 public static void EmitCall (EmitContext ec, bool is_base,
5075 Expression instance_expr,
5076 MethodSpec method, Arguments Arguments, Location loc,
5077 bool dup_args, bool omit_args)
5079 LocalTemporary this_arg = null;
5081 TypeSpec decl_type = method.DeclaringType;
5083 // Speed up the check by not doing it on not allowed targets
5084 if (method.ReturnType == TypeManager.void_type && method.IsConditionallyExcluded (loc))
5088 TypeSpec iexpr_type;
5090 if (method.IsStatic) {
5092 call_op = OpCodes.Call;
5094 iexpr_type = instance_expr.Type;
5096 if (is_base || decl_type.IsStruct || decl_type.IsEnum || (instance_expr is This && !method.IsVirtual)) {
5097 call_op = OpCodes.Call;
5099 call_op = OpCodes.Callvirt;
5103 // If this is ourselves, push "this"
5106 TypeSpec t = iexpr_type;
5109 // Push the instance expression
5111 if ((iexpr_type.IsStruct && (call_op == OpCodes.Callvirt || (call_op == OpCodes.Call && decl_type == iexpr_type))) ||
5112 iexpr_type.IsGenericParameter || TypeManager.IsNullableType (decl_type)) {
5114 // If the expression implements IMemoryLocation, then
5115 // we can optimize and use AddressOf on the
5118 // If not we have to use some temporary storage for
5120 var iml = instance_expr as IMemoryLocation;
5122 iml.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
5124 LocalTemporary temp = new LocalTemporary (iexpr_type);
5125 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5127 temp.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Load);
5130 // avoid the overhead of doing this all the time.
5132 t = ReferenceContainer.MakeType (iexpr_type);
5133 } else if (iexpr_type.IsEnum || iexpr_type.IsStruct) {
5134 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5135 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Box, iexpr_type);
5136 t = iexpr_type = TypeManager.object_type;
5138 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5142 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
5143 if (Arguments != null && Arguments.Count != 0) {
5144 this_arg = new LocalTemporary (t);
5145 this_arg.Store (ec);
5151 if (!omit_args && Arguments != null)
5152 Arguments.Emit (ec, dup_args, this_arg);
5154 if (call_op == OpCodes.Callvirt && (iexpr_type.IsGenericParameter || iexpr_type.IsStruct)) {
5155 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Constrained, iexpr_type);
5158 if (method.Parameters.HasArglist) {
5159 Type[] varargs_types = GetVarargsTypes (method, Arguments);
5160 ec.Emit (call_op, method, varargs_types);
5167 // and DoFoo is not virtual, you can omit the callvirt,
5168 // because you don't need the null checking behavior.
5170 ec.Emit (call_op, method);
5173 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5175 mg.EmitCall (ec, arguments);
5178 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5183 // Pop the return value if there is one
5185 if (type != TypeManager.void_type)
5186 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
5189 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
5191 Invocation target = (Invocation) t;
5193 if (arguments != null)
5194 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
5196 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
5199 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
5201 return MakeExpression (ctx, mg.InstanceExpression, (MethodSpec) mg, arguments);
5204 public static SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx, Expression instance, MethodSpec mi, Arguments args)
5206 var instance_expr = instance == null ? null : instance.MakeExpression (ctx);
5207 return SLE.Expression.Call (instance_expr, (MethodInfo) mi.GetMetaInfo (), Arguments.MakeExpression (args, ctx));
5212 /// Implements the new expression
5214 public class New : ExpressionStatement, IMemoryLocation {
5215 protected Arguments Arguments;
5218 // During bootstrap, it contains the RequestedType,
5219 // but if `type' is not null, it *might* contain a NewDelegate
5220 // (because of field multi-initialization)
5222 protected Expression RequestedType;
5224 protected MethodGroupExpr method;
5226 public New (Expression requested_type, Arguments arguments, Location l)
5228 RequestedType = requested_type;
5229 Arguments = arguments;
5234 /// Converts complex core type syntax like 'new int ()' to simple constant
5236 public static Constant Constantify (TypeSpec t)
5238 if (t == TypeManager.int32_type)
5239 return new IntConstant (0, Location.Null);
5240 if (t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
5241 return new UIntConstant (0, Location.Null);
5242 if (t == TypeManager.int64_type)
5243 return new LongConstant (0, Location.Null);
5244 if (t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
5245 return new ULongConstant (0, Location.Null);
5246 if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
5247 return new FloatConstant (0, Location.Null);
5248 if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
5249 return new DoubleConstant (0, Location.Null);
5250 if (t == TypeManager.short_type)
5251 return new ShortConstant (0, Location.Null);
5252 if (t == TypeManager.ushort_type)
5253 return new UShortConstant (0, Location.Null);
5254 if (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
5255 return new SByteConstant (0, Location.Null);
5256 if (t == TypeManager.byte_type)
5257 return new ByteConstant (0, Location.Null);
5258 if (t == TypeManager.char_type)
5259 return new CharConstant ('\0', Location.Null);
5260 if (t == TypeManager.bool_type)
5261 return new BoolConstant (false, Location.Null);
5262 if (t == TypeManager.decimal_type)
5263 return new DecimalConstant (0, Location.Null);
5264 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (t))
5265 return new EnumConstant (Constantify (EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (t)), t);
5266 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (t))
5267 return Nullable.LiftedNull.Create (t, Location.Null);
5273 // Checks whether the type is an interface that has the
5274 // [ComImport, CoClass] attributes and must be treated
5277 public Expression CheckComImport (ResolveContext ec)
5279 if (!type.IsInterface)
5283 // Turn the call into:
5284 // (the-interface-stated) (new class-referenced-in-coclassattribute ())
5286 var real_class = type.MemberDefinition.GetAttributeCoClass ();
5287 if (real_class == null)
5290 New proxy = new New (new TypeExpression (real_class, loc), Arguments, loc);
5291 Cast cast = new Cast (new TypeExpression (type, loc), proxy, loc);
5292 return cast.Resolve (ec);
5295 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
5298 if (method == null) {
5299 args = new Arguments (1);
5300 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (type, loc), loc)));
5302 args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec,
5304 method.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
5307 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "New", args);
5310 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
5312 TypeExpr texpr = RequestedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
5318 if (type.IsPointer) {
5319 ec.Report.Error (1919, loc, "Unsafe type `{0}' cannot be used in an object creation expression",
5320 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5324 if (Arguments == null) {
5325 Constant c = Constantify (type);
5327 return ReducedExpression.Create (c.Resolve (ec), this);
5330 if (TypeManager.IsDelegateType (type)) {
5331 return (new NewDelegate (type, Arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
5334 var tparam = type as TypeParameterSpec;
5335 if (tparam != null) {
5336 if (!tparam.HasSpecialConstructor && !tparam.HasSpecialStruct) {
5337 ec.Report.Error (304, loc,
5338 "Cannot create an instance of the variable type `{0}' because it does not have the new() constraint",
5339 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5342 if ((Arguments != null) && (Arguments.Count != 0)) {
5343 ec.Report.Error (417, loc,
5344 "`{0}': cannot provide arguments when creating an instance of a variable type",
5345 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5348 if (TypeManager.activator_create_instance == null) {
5349 TypeSpec activator_type = TypeManager.CoreLookupType (ec.Compiler, "System", "Activator", MemberKind.Class, true);
5350 if (activator_type != null) {
5351 TypeManager.activator_create_instance = TypeManager.GetPredefinedMethod (
5352 activator_type, MemberFilter.Method ("CreateInstance", 1, ParametersCompiled.EmptyReadOnlyParameters, null), loc);
5356 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5360 if (type.IsStatic) {
5361 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (type);
5362 ec.Report.Error (712, loc, "Cannot create an instance of the static class `{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5366 if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract){
5367 if (!TypeManager.IsGenericType (type)) {
5368 RequestedType = CheckComImport (ec);
5369 if (RequestedType != null)
5370 return RequestedType;
5373 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (type);
5374 ec.Report.Error (144, loc, "Cannot create an instance of the abstract class or interface `{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5378 bool is_struct = TypeManager.IsStruct (type);
5379 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5382 // SRE returns a match for .ctor () on structs (the object constructor),
5383 // so we have to manually ignore it.
5385 if (is_struct && Arguments == null)
5388 // For member-lookup, treat 'new Foo (bar)' as call to 'foo.ctor (bar)', where 'foo' is of type 'Foo'.
5389 Expression ml = MemberLookupFinal (ec, type, type, ConstructorInfo.ConstructorName, 0,
5390 MemberKind.Constructor, BindingRestriction.AccessibleOnly | BindingRestriction.DeclaredOnly, loc);
5393 if (Arguments != null) {
5394 Arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
5402 method = ml as MethodGroupExpr;
5403 if (method == null) {
5404 ml.Error_UnexpectedKind (ec, ResolveFlags.MethodGroup, loc);
5408 method = method.OverloadResolve (ec, ref Arguments, false, loc);
5413 Arguments.Insert (0, new Argument (new TypeOf (texpr, loc).Resolve (ec), Argument.AType.DynamicTypeName));
5414 return new DynamicConstructorBinder (type, Arguments, loc).Resolve (ec);
5420 bool DoEmitTypeParameter (EmitContext ec)
5422 var ctor_factory = TypeManager.activator_create_instance.MakeGenericMethod (type);
5423 var tparam = (TypeParameterSpec) type;
5425 if (tparam.IsReferenceType) {
5426 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, ctor_factory);
5430 // Allow DoEmit() to be called multiple times.
5431 // We need to create a new LocalTemporary each time since
5432 // you can't share LocalBuilders among ILGeneators.
5433 LocalTemporary temp = new LocalTemporary (type);
5435 Label label_activator = ec.DefineLabel ();
5436 Label label_end = ec.DefineLabel ();
5438 temp.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5439 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5442 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Box, type);
5443 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, label_activator);
5445 temp.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5446 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5448 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Br_S, label_end);
5450 ec.MarkLabel (label_activator);
5452 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, ctor_factory);
5453 ec.MarkLabel (label_end);
5458 // This Emit can be invoked in two contexts:
5459 // * As a mechanism that will leave a value on the stack (new object)
5460 // * As one that wont (init struct)
5462 // If we are dealing with a ValueType, we have a few
5463 // situations to deal with:
5465 // * The target is a ValueType, and we have been provided
5466 // the instance (this is easy, we are being assigned).
5468 // * The target of New is being passed as an argument,
5469 // to a boxing operation or a function that takes a
5472 // In this case, we need to create a temporary variable
5473 // that is the argument of New.
5475 // Returns whether a value is left on the stack
5477 // *** Implementation note ***
5479 // To benefit from this optimization, each assignable expression
5480 // has to manually cast to New and call this Emit.
5482 // TODO: It's worth to implement it for arrays and fields
5484 public virtual bool Emit (EmitContext ec, IMemoryLocation target)
5486 bool is_value_type = TypeManager.IsValueType (type);
5487 VariableReference vr = target as VariableReference;
5489 if (target != null && is_value_type && (vr != null || method == null)) {
5490 target.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5491 } else if (vr != null && vr.IsRef) {
5495 if (Arguments != null)
5496 Arguments.Emit (ec);
5498 if (is_value_type) {
5499 if (method == null) {
5500 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5505 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method.BestCandidate);
5510 if (type is TypeParameterSpec)
5511 return DoEmitTypeParameter (ec);
5513 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, method.BestCandidate);
5517 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5519 LocalTemporary v = null;
5520 if (method == null && TypeManager.IsValueType (type)) {
5521 // TODO: Use temporary variable from pool
5522 v = new LocalTemporary (type);
5529 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5531 LocalTemporary v = null;
5532 if (method == null && TypeManager.IsValueType (type)) {
5533 // TODO: Use temporary variable from pool
5534 v = new LocalTemporary (type);
5538 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
5541 public virtual bool HasInitializer {
5547 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
5549 EmitAddressOf (ec, mode);
5552 protected virtual IMemoryLocation EmitAddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
5554 LocalTemporary value_target = new LocalTemporary (type);
5556 if (type is TypeParameterSpec) {
5557 DoEmitTypeParameter (ec);
5558 value_target.Store (ec);
5559 value_target.AddressOf (ec, mode);
5560 return value_target;
5563 if (!TypeManager.IsStruct (type)){
5565 // We throw an exception. So far, I believe we only need to support
5567 // foreach (int j in new StructType ())
5570 throw new Exception ("AddressOf should not be used for classes");
5573 value_target.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5575 if (method == null) {
5576 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5578 if (Arguments != null)
5579 Arguments.Emit (ec);
5581 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method.BestCandidate);
5584 value_target.AddressOf (ec, mode);
5585 return value_target;
5588 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
5590 New target = (New) t;
5592 target.RequestedType = RequestedType.Clone (clonectx);
5593 if (Arguments != null){
5594 target.Arguments = Arguments.Clone (clonectx);
5598 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
5600 return SLE.Expression.New ((ConstructorInfo) method.BestCandidate.GetMetaInfo (), Arguments.MakeExpression (Arguments, ctx));
5604 public class ArrayInitializer : Expression
5606 List<Expression> elements;
5608 public ArrayInitializer (List<Expression> init, Location loc)
5614 public ArrayInitializer (int count, Location loc)
5616 elements = new List<Expression> (count);
5620 public ArrayInitializer (Location loc)
5625 public void Add (Expression expr)
5627 elements.Add (expr);
5630 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
5632 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
5635 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
5637 var target = (ArrayInitializer) t;
5639 target.elements = new List<Expression> (elements.Count);
5640 foreach (var element in elements)
5641 target.elements.Add (element.Clone (clonectx));
5645 get { return elements.Count; }
5648 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
5650 throw new NotImplementedException ();
5653 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5655 throw new InternalErrorException ("Missing Resolve call");
5658 public Expression this [int index] {
5659 get { return elements [index]; }
5664 /// 14.5.10.2: Represents an array creation expression.
5668 /// There are two possible scenarios here: one is an array creation
5669 /// expression that specifies the dimensions and optionally the
5670 /// initialization data and the other which does not need dimensions
5671 /// specified but where initialization data is mandatory.
5673 public class ArrayCreation : Expression
5675 FullNamedExpression requested_base_type;
5676 ArrayInitializer initializers;
5679 // The list of Argument types.
5680 // This is used to construct the `newarray' or constructor signature
5682 protected List<Expression> arguments;
5684 protected TypeSpec array_element_type;
5685 int num_arguments = 0;
5686 protected int dimensions;
5687 protected readonly ComposedTypeSpecifier rank;
5688 Expression first_emit;
5689 LocalTemporary first_emit_temp;
5691 protected List<Expression> array_data;
5693 Dictionary<int, int> bounds;
5695 // The number of constants in array initializers
5696 int const_initializers_count;
5697 bool only_constant_initializers;
5699 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, List<Expression> exprs, ComposedTypeSpecifier rank, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location l)
5700 : this (requested_base_type, rank, initializers, l)
5702 arguments = new List<Expression> (exprs);
5703 num_arguments = arguments.Count;
5707 // For expressions like int[] foo = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 };
5709 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, ComposedTypeSpecifier rank, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location loc)
5711 this.requested_base_type = requested_base_type;
5713 this.initializers = initializers;
5717 num_arguments = rank.Dimension;
5721 // For compiler generated single dimensional arrays only
5723 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location loc)
5724 : this (requested_base_type, ComposedTypeSpecifier.SingleDimension, initializers, loc)
5729 // For expressions like int[] foo = { 1, 2, 3 };
5731 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, ArrayInitializer initializers)
5732 : this (requested_base_type, null, initializers, initializers.Location)
5736 protected override void Error_NegativeArrayIndex (ResolveContext ec, Location loc)
5738 ec.Report.Error (248, loc, "Cannot create an array with a negative size");
5741 bool CheckIndices (ResolveContext ec, ArrayInitializer probe, int idx, bool specified_dims, int child_bounds)
5743 if (initializers != null && bounds == null) {
5745 // We use this to store all the date values in the order in which we
5746 // will need to store them in the byte blob later
5748 array_data = new List<Expression> ();
5749 bounds = new Dictionary<int, int> ();
5752 if (specified_dims) {
5753 Expression a = arguments [idx];
5758 a = ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex (ec, a);
5764 if (initializers != null) {
5765 Constant c = a as Constant;
5766 if (c == null && a is ArrayIndexCast)
5767 c = ((ArrayIndexCast) a).Child as Constant;
5770 ec.Report.Error (150, a.Location, "A constant value is expected");
5776 value = System.Convert.ToInt32 (c.GetValue ());
5778 ec.Report.Error (150, a.Location, "A constant value is expected");
5782 // TODO: probe.Count does not fit ulong in
5783 if (value != probe.Count) {
5784 ec.Report.Error (847, loc, "An array initializer of length `{0}' was expected", value.ToString ());
5788 bounds[idx] = value;
5792 if (initializers == null)
5795 only_constant_initializers = true;
5796 for (int i = 0; i < probe.Count; ++i) {
5798 if (o is ArrayInitializer) {
5799 var sub_probe = o as ArrayInitializer;
5800 if (idx + 1 >= dimensions){
5801 ec.Report.Error (623, loc, "Array initializers can only be used in a variable or field initializer. Try using a new expression instead");
5805 bool ret = CheckIndices (ec, sub_probe, idx + 1, specified_dims, child_bounds - 1);
5808 } else if (child_bounds > 1) {
5809 ec.Report.Error (846, o.Location, "A nested array initializer was expected");
5811 Expression element = ResolveArrayElement (ec, o);
5812 if (element == null)
5815 // Initializers with the default values can be ignored
5816 Constant c = element as Constant;
5818 if (!c.IsDefaultInitializer (array_element_type)) {
5819 ++const_initializers_count;
5822 only_constant_initializers = false;
5825 array_data.Add (element);
5832 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
5836 if (array_data == null) {
5837 args = new Arguments (arguments.Count + 1);
5838 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (array_element_type, loc), loc)));
5839 foreach (Expression a in arguments)
5840 args.Add (new Argument (a.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
5842 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "NewArrayBounds", args);
5845 if (dimensions > 1) {
5846 ec.Report.Error (838, loc, "An expression tree cannot contain a multidimensional array initializer");
5850 args = new Arguments (array_data == null ? 1 : array_data.Count + 1);
5851 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (array_element_type, loc), loc)));
5852 if (array_data != null) {
5853 for (int i = 0; i < array_data.Count; ++i) {
5854 Expression e = array_data [i];
5855 args.Add (new Argument (e.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
5859 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "NewArrayInit", args);
5862 public void UpdateIndices ()
5865 for (var probe = initializers; probe != null;) {
5866 if (probe.Count > 0 && probe [0] is ArrayInitializer) {
5867 Expression e = new IntConstant (probe.Count, Location.Null);
5870 bounds [i++] = probe.Count;
5872 probe = (ArrayInitializer) probe[0];
5875 Expression e = new IntConstant (probe.Count, Location.Null);
5878 bounds [i++] = probe.Count;
5884 protected virtual Expression ResolveArrayElement (ResolveContext ec, Expression element)
5886 element = element.Resolve (ec);
5887 if (element == null)
5890 if (element is CompoundAssign.TargetExpression) {
5891 if (first_emit != null)
5892 throw new InternalErrorException ("Can only handle one mutator at a time");
5893 first_emit = element;
5894 element = first_emit_temp = new LocalTemporary (element.Type);
5897 return Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (
5898 ec, element, array_element_type, loc);
5901 protected bool ResolveInitializers (ResolveContext ec)
5903 if (arguments != null) {
5905 for (int i = 0; i < arguments.Count; ++i) {
5906 res &= CheckIndices (ec, initializers, i, true, dimensions);
5907 if (initializers != null)
5914 arguments = new List<Expression> ();
5916 if (!CheckIndices (ec, initializers, 0, false, dimensions))
5925 // Resolved the type of the array
5927 bool ResolveArrayType (ResolveContext ec)
5929 if (requested_base_type is VarExpr) {
5930 ec.Report.Error (820, loc, "An implicitly typed local variable declarator cannot use an array initializer");
5937 FullNamedExpression array_type_expr;
5938 if (num_arguments > 0) {
5939 array_type_expr = new ComposedCast (requested_base_type, rank);
5941 array_type_expr = requested_base_type;
5944 array_type_expr = array_type_expr.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
5945 if (array_type_expr == null)
5948 type = array_type_expr.Type;
5949 var ac = type as ArrayContainer;
5951 ec.Report.Error (622, loc, "Can only use array initializer expressions to assign to array types. Try using a new expression instead");
5955 array_element_type = ac.Element;
5956 dimensions = ac.Rank;
5961 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
5966 if (!ResolveArrayType (ec))
5970 // validate the initializers and fill in any missing bits
5972 if (!ResolveInitializers (ec))
5975 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5979 byte [] MakeByteBlob ()
5984 int count = array_data.Count;
5986 TypeSpec element_type = array_element_type;
5987 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (element_type))
5988 element_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (element_type);
5990 factor = GetTypeSize (element_type);
5992 throw new Exception ("unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + element_type);
5994 data = new byte [(count * factor + 3) & ~3];
5997 for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
5998 object v = array_data [i];
6000 if (v is EnumConstant)
6001 v = ((EnumConstant) v).Child;
6003 if (v is Constant && !(v is StringConstant))
6004 v = ((Constant) v).GetValue ();
6010 if (element_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
6011 if (!(v is Expression)){
6012 long val = (long) v;
6014 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6015 data [idx + j] = (byte) (val & 0xFF);
6019 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
6020 if (!(v is Expression)){
6021 ulong val = (ulong) v;
6023 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6024 data [idx + j] = (byte) (val & 0xFF);
6028 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.float_type) {
6029 if (!(v is Expression)){
6030 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((float) v);
6032 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6033 data [idx + j] = element [j];
6034 if (!BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
6035 System.Array.Reverse (data, idx, 4);
6037 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.double_type) {
6038 if (!(v is Expression)){
6039 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((double) v);
6041 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6042 data [idx + j] = element [j];
6044 // FIXME: Handle the ARM float format.
6045 if (!BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
6046 System.Array.Reverse (data, idx, 8);
6048 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.char_type){
6049 if (!(v is Expression)){
6050 int val = (int) ((char) v);
6052 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6053 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6055 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.short_type){
6056 if (!(v is Expression)){
6057 int val = (int) ((short) v);
6059 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6060 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6062 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
6063 if (!(v is Expression)){
6064 int val = (int) ((ushort) v);
6066 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6067 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6069 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
6070 if (!(v is Expression)){
6073 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6074 data [idx+1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
6075 data [idx+2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
6076 data [idx+3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
6078 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
6079 if (!(v is Expression)){
6080 uint val = (uint) v;
6082 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6083 data [idx+1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
6084 data [idx+2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
6085 data [idx+3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
6087 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
6088 if (!(v is Expression)){
6089 sbyte val = (sbyte) v;
6090 data [idx] = (byte) val;
6092 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
6093 if (!(v is Expression)){
6094 byte val = (byte) v;
6095 data [idx] = (byte) val;
6097 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.bool_type) {
6098 if (!(v is Expression)){
6099 bool val = (bool) v;
6100 data [idx] = (byte) (val ? 1 : 0);
6102 } else if (element_type == TypeManager.decimal_type){
6103 if (!(v is Expression)){
6104 int [] bits = Decimal.GetBits ((decimal) v);
6107 // FIXME: For some reason, this doesn't work on the MS runtime.
6108 int [] nbits = new int [4];
6109 nbits [0] = bits [3];
6110 nbits [1] = bits [2];
6111 nbits [2] = bits [0];
6112 nbits [3] = bits [1];
6114 for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++){
6115 data [p++] = (byte) (nbits [j] & 0xff);
6116 data [p++] = (byte) ((nbits [j] >> 8) & 0xff);
6117 data [p++] = (byte) ((nbits [j] >> 16) & 0xff);
6118 data [p++] = (byte) (nbits [j] >> 24);
6122 throw new Exception ("Unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + element_type);
6132 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
6134 var initializers = new SLE.Expression [array_data.Count];
6135 for (var i = 0; i < initializers.Length; i++) {
6136 if (array_data [i] == null)
6137 initializers [i] = SLE.Expression.Default (array_element_type.GetMetaInfo ());
6139 initializers [i] = array_data [i].MakeExpression (ctx);
6142 return SLE.Expression.NewArrayInit (array_element_type.GetMetaInfo (), initializers);
6146 // Emits the initializers for the array
6148 void EmitStaticInitializers (EmitContext ec)
6150 // FIXME: This should go to Resolve !
6151 if (TypeManager.void_initializearray_array_fieldhandle == null) {
6152 TypeManager.void_initializearray_array_fieldhandle = TypeManager.GetPredefinedMethod (
6153 TypeManager.runtime_helpers_type, "InitializeArray", loc,
6154 TypeManager.array_type, TypeManager.runtime_field_handle_type);
6155 if (TypeManager.void_initializearray_array_fieldhandle == null)
6160 // First, the static data
6164 byte [] data = MakeByteBlob ();
6166 fb = RootContext.MakeStaticData (data);
6168 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6169 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, fb);
6170 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, TypeManager.void_initializearray_array_fieldhandle);
6174 // Emits pieces of the array that can not be computed at compile
6175 // time (variables and string locations).
6177 // This always expect the top value on the stack to be the array
6179 void EmitDynamicInitializers (EmitContext ec, bool emitConstants)
6181 int dims = bounds.Count;
6182 var current_pos = new int [dims];
6184 for (int i = 0; i < array_data.Count; i++){
6186 Expression e = array_data [i];
6187 var c = e as Constant;
6189 // Constant can be initialized via StaticInitializer
6190 if (c == null || (c != null && emitConstants && !c.IsDefaultInitializer (array_element_type))) {
6191 TypeSpec etype = e.Type;
6193 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6195 for (int idx = 0; idx < dims; idx++)
6196 ec.EmitInt (current_pos [idx]);
6199 // If we are dealing with a struct, get the
6200 // address of it, so we can store it.
6202 if ((dims == 1) && TypeManager.IsStruct (etype) &&
6203 (!TypeManager.IsBuiltinOrEnum (etype) ||
6204 etype == TypeManager.decimal_type)) {
6206 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, etype);
6211 ec.EmitArrayStore ((ArrayContainer) type);
6217 for (int j = dims - 1; j >= 0; j--){
6219 if (current_pos [j] < bounds [j])
6221 current_pos [j] = 0;
6226 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6228 if (first_emit != null) {
6229 first_emit.Emit (ec);
6230 first_emit_temp.Store (ec);
6233 foreach (Expression e in arguments)
6236 ec.EmitArrayNew ((ArrayContainer) type);
6238 if (initializers == null)
6241 // Emit static initializer for arrays which have contain more than 2 items and
6242 // the static initializer will initialize at least 25% of array values.
6243 // NOTE: const_initializers_count does not contain default constant values.
6244 if (const_initializers_count > 2 && const_initializers_count * 4 > (array_data.Count) &&
6245 (TypeManager.IsPrimitiveType (array_element_type) || TypeManager.IsEnumType (array_element_type))) {
6246 EmitStaticInitializers (ec);
6248 if (!only_constant_initializers)
6249 EmitDynamicInitializers (ec, false);
6251 EmitDynamicInitializers (ec, true);
6254 if (first_emit_temp != null)
6255 first_emit_temp.Release (ec);
6258 public override void EncodeAttributeValue (IMemberContext rc, AttributeEncoder enc, TypeSpec targetType)
6260 // no multi dimensional or jagged arrays
6261 if (arguments.Count != 1 || array_element_type.IsArray) {
6262 base.EncodeAttributeValue (rc, enc, targetType);
6266 // No array covariance, except for array -> object
6267 if (type != targetType) {
6268 if (targetType != TypeManager.object_type) {
6269 base.EncodeAttributeValue (rc, enc, targetType);
6276 // Single dimensional array of 0 size
6277 if (array_data == null) {
6278 IntConstant ic = arguments[0] as IntConstant;
6279 if (ic == null || !ic.IsDefaultValue) {
6280 base.EncodeAttributeValue (rc, enc, targetType);
6282 enc.Stream.Write (0);
6288 enc.Stream.Write ((int) array_data.Count);
6289 foreach (var element in array_data) {
6290 element.EncodeAttributeValue (rc, enc, array_element_type);
6294 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
6296 ArrayCreation target = (ArrayCreation) t;
6298 if (requested_base_type != null)
6299 target.requested_base_type = (FullNamedExpression)requested_base_type.Clone (clonectx);
6301 if (arguments != null){
6302 target.arguments = new List<Expression> (arguments.Count);
6303 foreach (Expression e in arguments)
6304 target.arguments.Add (e.Clone (clonectx));
6307 if (initializers != null)
6308 target.initializers = (ArrayInitializer) initializers.Clone (clonectx);
6313 // Represents an implicitly typed array epxression
6315 class ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation : ArrayCreation
6317 public ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (ComposedTypeSpecifier rank, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location loc)
6318 : base (null, rank, initializers, loc)
6322 public ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (ArrayInitializer initializers, Location loc)
6323 : base (null, initializers, loc)
6327 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6332 dimensions = rank.Dimension;
6334 if (!ResolveInitializers (ec))
6337 if (array_element_type == null || array_element_type == TypeManager.null_type ||
6338 array_element_type == TypeManager.void_type || array_element_type == InternalType.AnonymousMethod ||
6339 array_element_type == InternalType.MethodGroup ||
6340 arguments.Count != rank.Dimension) {
6341 Error_NoBestType (ec);
6346 // At this point we found common base type for all initializer elements
6347 // but we have to be sure that all static initializer elements are of
6350 UnifyInitializerElement (ec);
6352 type = ArrayContainer.MakeType (array_element_type, dimensions);
6353 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6357 void Error_NoBestType (ResolveContext ec)
6359 ec.Report.Error (826, loc,
6360 "The type of an implicitly typed array cannot be inferred from the initializer. Try specifying array type explicitly");
6364 // Converts static initializer only
6366 void UnifyInitializerElement (ResolveContext ec)
6368 for (int i = 0; i < array_data.Count; ++i) {
6369 Expression e = (Expression)array_data[i];
6371 array_data [i] = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, array_element_type, Location.Null);
6375 protected override Expression ResolveArrayElement (ResolveContext ec, Expression element)
6377 element = element.Resolve (ec);
6378 if (element == null)
6381 if (array_element_type == null) {
6382 if (element.Type != TypeManager.null_type)
6383 array_element_type = element.Type;
6388 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, element, array_element_type)) {
6392 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, new TypeExpression (array_element_type, loc), element.Type)) {
6393 array_element_type = element.Type;
6397 Error_NoBestType (ec);
6402 public sealed class CompilerGeneratedThis : This
6404 public static This Instance = new CompilerGeneratedThis ();
6406 private CompilerGeneratedThis ()
6407 : base (Location.Null)
6411 public CompilerGeneratedThis (TypeSpec type, Location loc)
6417 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6419 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6421 type = ec.CurrentType;
6426 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
6433 /// Represents the `this' construct
6436 public class This : VariableReference
6438 sealed class ThisVariable : ILocalVariable
6440 public static readonly ILocalVariable Instance = new ThisVariable ();
6442 public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6444 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
6447 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec)
6449 throw new InvalidOperationException ();
6452 public void EmitAddressOf (EmitContext ec)
6454 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
6458 VariableInfo variable_info;
6460 public This (Location loc)
6465 public override VariableInfo VariableInfo {
6466 get { return variable_info; }
6469 public override bool IsFixed {
6470 get { return false; }
6473 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
6478 AnonymousMethodStorey storey = ae.Storey;
6479 while (storey != null) {
6480 AnonymousMethodStorey temp = storey.Parent as AnonymousMethodStorey;
6482 return storey.HoistedThis;
6490 public override bool IsRef {
6491 get { return type.IsStruct; }
6494 protected override ILocalVariable Variable {
6495 get { return ThisVariable.Instance; }
6498 public static bool IsThisAvailable (ResolveContext ec, bool ignoreAnonymous)
6500 if (ec.IsStatic || ec.HasAny (ResolveContext.Options.FieldInitializerScope | ResolveContext.Options.BaseInitializer | ResolveContext.Options.ConstantScope))
6503 if (ignoreAnonymous || ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod == null)
6506 if (TypeManager.IsStruct (ec.CurrentType) && ec.CurrentIterator == null)
6512 public bool ResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
6514 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6515 type = ec.CurrentType;
6517 if (!IsThisAvailable (ec, false)) {
6518 if (ec.IsStatic && !ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.ConstantScope)) {
6519 ec.Report.Error (26, loc, "Keyword `this' is not valid in a static property, static method, or static field initializer");
6520 } else if (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod != null) {
6521 ec.Report.Error (1673, loc,
6522 "Anonymous methods inside structs cannot access instance members of `this'. " +
6523 "Consider copying `this' to a local variable outside the anonymous method and using the local instead");
6525 ec.Report.Error (27, loc, "Keyword `this' is not available in the current context");
6529 var block = ec.CurrentBlock;
6530 if (block != null) {
6531 if (block.Toplevel.ThisVariable != null)
6532 variable_info = block.Toplevel.ThisVariable.VariableInfo;
6534 AnonymousExpression am = ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod;
6535 if (am != null && ec.IsVariableCapturingRequired) {
6536 am.SetHasThisAccess ();
6544 // Called from Invocation to check if the invocation is correct
6546 public override void CheckMarshalByRefAccess (ResolveContext ec)
6548 if ((variable_info != null) && !(TypeManager.IsStruct (type) && ec.OmitStructFlowAnalysis) &&
6549 !variable_info.IsAssigned (ec)) {
6550 ec.Report.Error (188, loc,
6551 "The `this' object cannot be used before all of its fields are assigned to");
6552 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
6556 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
6558 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
6559 args.Add (new Argument (this));
6561 // Use typeless constant for ldarg.0 to save some
6562 // space and avoid problems with anonymous stories
6563 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
6566 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6572 override public Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
6574 if (!ResolveBase (ec))
6577 if (variable_info != null)
6578 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
6580 if (ec.CurrentType.IsClass){
6581 if (right_side == EmptyExpression.UnaryAddress)
6582 ec.Report.Error (459, loc, "Cannot take the address of `this' because it is read-only");
6583 else if (right_side == EmptyExpression.OutAccess.Instance)
6584 ec.Report.Error (1605, loc, "Cannot pass `this' as a ref or out argument because it is read-only");
6586 ec.Report.Error (1604, loc, "Cannot assign to `this' because it is read-only");
6592 public override int GetHashCode()
6594 throw new NotImplementedException ();
6597 public override string Name {
6598 get { return "this"; }
6601 public override bool Equals (object obj)
6603 This t = obj as This;
6610 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
6615 public override void SetHasAddressTaken ()
6622 /// Represents the `__arglist' construct
6624 public class ArglistAccess : Expression
6626 public ArglistAccess (Location loc)
6631 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
6633 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
6636 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6638 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6639 type = TypeManager.runtime_argument_handle_type;
6641 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.FieldInitializerScope) || !ec.CurrentBlock.Toplevel.Parameters.HasArglist) {
6642 ec.Report.Error (190, loc,
6643 "The __arglist construct is valid only within a variable argument method");
6649 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6651 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Arglist);
6654 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
6661 /// Represents the `__arglist (....)' construct
6663 public class Arglist : Expression
6665 Arguments Arguments;
6667 public Arglist (Location loc)
6672 public Arglist (Arguments args, Location l)
6678 public Type[] ArgumentTypes {
6680 if (Arguments == null)
6681 return System.Type.EmptyTypes;
6683 var retval = new Type [Arguments.Count];
6684 for (int i = 0; i < retval.Length; i++)
6685 retval[i] = Arguments[i].Expr.Type.GetMetaInfo ();
6691 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
6693 ec.Report.Error (1952, loc, "An expression tree cannot contain a method with variable arguments");
6697 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6699 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6700 type = InternalType.Arglist;
6701 if (Arguments != null) {
6702 bool dynamic; // Can be ignored as there is always only 1 overload
6703 Arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
6709 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6711 if (Arguments != null)
6712 Arguments.Emit (ec);
6715 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
6717 Arglist target = (Arglist) t;
6719 if (Arguments != null)
6720 target.Arguments = Arguments.Clone (clonectx);
6725 /// Implements the typeof operator
6727 public class TypeOf : Expression {
6728 FullNamedExpression QueriedType;
6731 public TypeOf (FullNamedExpression queried_type, Location l)
6733 QueriedType = queried_type;
6738 public TypeSpec TypeArgument {
6744 public FullNamedExpression TypeExpression {
6752 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
6754 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
6755 args.Add (new Argument (this));
6756 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (type, loc), loc)));
6757 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
6760 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6762 TypeExpr texpr = QueriedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
6766 typearg = texpr.Type;
6769 // Get generic type definition for unbounded type arguments
6771 var tne = QueriedType as ATypeNameExpression;
6772 if (tne != null && typearg.IsGeneric && !tne.HasTypeArguments)
6773 typearg = typearg.GetDefinition ();
6775 if (typearg == TypeManager.void_type && !(QueriedType is TypeExpression)) {
6776 ec.Report.Error (673, loc, "System.Void cannot be used from C#. Use typeof (void) to get the void type object");
6777 } else if (typearg.IsPointer && !ec.IsUnsafe){
6778 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
6779 } else if (texpr is DynamicTypeExpr) {
6780 ec.Report.Error (1962, QueriedType.Location,
6781 "The typeof operator cannot be used on the dynamic type");
6784 type = TypeManager.type_type;
6786 return DoResolveBase ();
6789 protected Expression DoResolveBase ()
6791 if (TypeManager.system_type_get_type_from_handle == null) {
6792 TypeManager.system_type_get_type_from_handle = TypeManager.GetPredefinedMethod (
6793 TypeManager.type_type, "GetTypeFromHandle", loc, TypeManager.runtime_handle_type);
6796 // Even though what is returned is a type object, it's treated as a value by the compiler.
6797 // In particular, 'typeof (Foo).X' is something totally different from 'Foo.X'.
6798 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6802 public override void EncodeAttributeValue (IMemberContext rc, AttributeEncoder enc, TypeSpec targetType)
6804 // Target type is not System.Type therefore must be object
6805 // and we need to use different encoding sequence
6806 if (targetType != type)
6810 var gi = typearg as InflatedTypeSpec;
6812 // TODO: This has to be recursive, handle arrays, etc.
6813 // I could probably do it after CustomAttribute encoder rewrite
6814 foreach (var ta in gi.TypeArguments) {
6815 if (ta.IsGenericParameter) {
6816 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (typearg);
6817 ec.Report.Error (416, loc, "`{0}': an attribute argument cannot use type parameters",
6818 TypeManager.CSharpName (typearg));
6826 if (!enc.EncodeTypeName (typearg)) {
6827 rc.Compiler.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (typearg);
6828 rc.Compiler.Report.Error (416, loc, "`{0}': an attribute argument cannot use type parameters",
6829 TypeManager.CSharpName (typearg));
6833 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6835 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, typearg);
6836 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, TypeManager.system_type_get_type_from_handle);
6839 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
6841 TypeOf target = (TypeOf) t;
6842 if (QueriedType != null)
6843 target.QueriedType = (FullNamedExpression) QueriedType.Clone (clonectx);
6847 class TypeOfMethod : TypeOfMember<MethodSpec>
6849 public TypeOfMethod (MethodSpec method, Location loc)
6850 : base (method, loc)
6854 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6856 if (member.IsConstructor) {
6857 type = TypeManager.ctorinfo_type;
6859 type = TypeManager.ctorinfo_type = TypeManager.CoreLookupType (ec.Compiler, "System.Reflection", "ConstructorInfo", MemberKind.Class, true);
6861 type = TypeManager.methodinfo_type;
6863 type = TypeManager.methodinfo_type = TypeManager.CoreLookupType (ec.Compiler, "System.Reflection", "MethodInfo", MemberKind.Class, true);
6866 return base.DoResolve (ec);
6869 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6871 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, member);
6874 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Castclass, type);
6877 protected override string GetMethodName {
6878 get { return "GetMethodFromHandle"; }
6881 protected override string RuntimeHandleName {
6882 get { return "RuntimeMethodHandle"; }
6885 protected override MethodSpec TypeFromHandle {
6887 return TypeManager.methodbase_get_type_from_handle;
6890 TypeManager.methodbase_get_type_from_handle = value;
6894 protected override MethodSpec TypeFromHandleGeneric {
6896 return TypeManager.methodbase_get_type_from_handle_generic;
6899 TypeManager.methodbase_get_type_from_handle_generic = value;
6903 protected override string TypeName {
6904 get { return "MethodBase"; }
6908 abstract class TypeOfMember<T> : Expression where T : MemberSpec
6910 protected readonly T member;
6912 protected TypeOfMember (T member, Location loc)
6914 this.member = member;
6918 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
6920 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
6921 args.Add (new Argument (this));
6922 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (type, loc), loc)));
6923 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
6926 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6928 bool is_generic = member.DeclaringType.IsGenericOrParentIsGeneric;
6929 var mi = is_generic ? TypeFromHandleGeneric : TypeFromHandle;
6932 TypeSpec t = TypeManager.CoreLookupType (ec.Compiler, "System.Reflection", TypeName, MemberKind.Class, true);
6933 TypeSpec handle_type = TypeManager.CoreLookupType (ec.Compiler, "System", RuntimeHandleName, MemberKind.Struct, true);
6935 if (t == null || handle_type == null)
6938 mi = TypeManager.GetPredefinedMethod (t, GetMethodName, loc,
6940 new TypeSpec[] { handle_type, TypeManager.runtime_handle_type } :
6941 new TypeSpec[] { handle_type } );
6944 TypeFromHandleGeneric = mi;
6946 TypeFromHandle = mi;
6949 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6953 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6955 bool is_generic = member.DeclaringType.IsGenericOrParentIsGeneric;
6958 mi = TypeFromHandleGeneric;
6959 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, member.DeclaringType);
6961 mi = TypeFromHandle;
6964 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, mi);
6967 protected abstract string GetMethodName { get; }
6968 protected abstract string RuntimeHandleName { get; }
6969 protected abstract MethodSpec TypeFromHandle { get; set; }
6970 protected abstract MethodSpec TypeFromHandleGeneric { get; set; }
6971 protected abstract string TypeName { get; }
6974 class TypeOfField : TypeOfMember<FieldSpec>
6976 public TypeOfField (FieldSpec field, Location loc)
6981 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6983 if (TypeManager.fieldinfo_type == null)
6984 TypeManager.fieldinfo_type = TypeManager.CoreLookupType (ec.Compiler, "System.Reflection", TypeName, MemberKind.Class, true);
6986 type = TypeManager.fieldinfo_type;
6987 return base.DoResolve (ec);
6990 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6992 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, member);
6996 protected override string GetMethodName {
6997 get { return "GetFieldFromHandle"; }
7000 protected override string RuntimeHandleName {
7001 get { return "RuntimeFieldHandle"; }
7004 protected override MethodSpec TypeFromHandle {
7006 return TypeManager.fieldinfo_get_field_from_handle;
7009 TypeManager.fieldinfo_get_field_from_handle = value;
7013 protected override MethodSpec TypeFromHandleGeneric {
7015 return TypeManager.fieldinfo_get_field_from_handle_generic;
7018 TypeManager.fieldinfo_get_field_from_handle_generic = value;
7022 protected override string TypeName {
7023 get { return "FieldInfo"; }
7028 /// Implements the sizeof expression
7030 public class SizeOf : Expression {
7031 readonly Expression QueriedType;
7032 TypeSpec type_queried;
7034 public SizeOf (Expression queried_type, Location l)
7036 this.QueriedType = queried_type;
7040 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7042 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
7046 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7048 TypeExpr texpr = QueriedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
7052 type_queried = texpr.Type;
7053 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (type_queried))
7054 type_queried = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (type_queried);
7056 int size_of = GetTypeSize (type_queried);
7058 return new IntConstant (size_of, loc).Resolve (ec);
7061 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Compiler, type_queried, loc)){
7066 ec.Report.Error (233, loc,
7067 "`{0}' does not have a predefined size, therefore sizeof can only be used in an unsafe context (consider using System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SizeOf)",
7068 TypeManager.CSharpName (type_queried));
7071 type = TypeManager.int32_type;
7072 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7076 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7078 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, type_queried);
7081 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7087 /// Implements the qualified-alias-member (::) expression.
7089 public class QualifiedAliasMember : MemberAccess
7091 readonly string alias;
7092 public static readonly string GlobalAlias = "global";
7094 public QualifiedAliasMember (string alias, string identifier, Location l)
7095 : base (null, identifier, l)
7100 public QualifiedAliasMember (string alias, string identifier, TypeArguments targs, Location l)
7101 : base (null, identifier, targs, l)
7106 public QualifiedAliasMember (string alias, string identifier, int arity, Location l)
7107 : base (null, identifier, arity, l)
7112 public override FullNamedExpression ResolveAsTypeStep (IMemberContext ec, bool silent)
7114 if (alias == GlobalAlias) {
7115 expr = GlobalRootNamespace.Instance;
7116 return base.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec, silent);
7119 int errors = ec.Compiler.Report.Errors;
7120 expr = ec.LookupNamespaceAlias (alias);
7122 if (errors == ec.Compiler.Report.Errors)
7123 ec.Compiler.Report.Error (432, loc, "Alias `{0}' not found", alias);
7127 FullNamedExpression fne = base.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec, silent);
7131 if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Type) {
7133 ec.Compiler.Report.Error (431, loc,
7134 "Alias `{0}' cannot be used with '::' since it denotes a type. Consider replacing '::' with '.'", alias);
7142 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7144 return ResolveAsTypeStep (ec, false);
7147 protected override void Error_IdentifierNotFound (IMemberContext rc, TypeSpec expr_type, string identifier)
7149 rc.Compiler.Report.Error (687, loc,
7150 "A namespace alias qualifier `{0}' did not resolve to a namespace or a type",
7151 GetSignatureForError ());
7154 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
7157 if (targs != null) {
7158 name = Name + "<" + targs.GetSignatureForError () + ">";
7161 return alias + "::" + name;
7164 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7171 /// Implements the member access expression
7173 public class MemberAccess : ATypeNameExpression {
7174 protected Expression expr;
7176 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string id)
7177 : base (id, expr.Location)
7182 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string identifier, Location loc)
7183 : base (identifier, loc)
7188 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string identifier, TypeArguments args, Location loc)
7189 : base (identifier, args, loc)
7194 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string identifier, int arity, Location loc)
7195 : base (identifier, arity, loc)
7200 Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
7203 throw new Exception ();
7206 // Resolve the expression with flow analysis turned off, we'll do the definite
7207 // assignment checks later. This is because we don't know yet what the expression
7208 // will resolve to - it may resolve to a FieldExpr and in this case we must do the
7209 // definite assignment check on the actual field and not on the whole struct.
7212 SimpleName original = expr as SimpleName;
7213 Expression expr_resolved;
7214 const ResolveFlags flags = ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type;
7216 using (ec.Set (ResolveContext.Options.OmitStructFlowAnalysis)) {
7217 if (original != null) {
7218 expr_resolved = original.DoResolve (ec, true);
7219 if (expr_resolved != null) {
7220 // Ugly, simulate skipped Resolve
7221 if (expr_resolved is ConstantExpr) {
7222 expr_resolved = expr_resolved.Resolve (ec);
7223 } else if (expr_resolved is FieldExpr || expr_resolved is PropertyExpr) {
7225 } else if ((flags & expr_resolved.ExprClassToResolveFlags) == 0) {
7226 expr_resolved.Error_UnexpectedKind (ec, flags, expr.Location);
7227 expr_resolved = null;
7231 expr_resolved = expr.Resolve (ec, flags);
7235 if (expr_resolved == null)
7238 Namespace ns = expr_resolved as Namespace;
7240 FullNamedExpression retval = ns.Lookup (ec.Compiler, Name, Arity, loc);
7243 ns.Error_NamespaceDoesNotExist (loc, Name, Arity, ec);
7244 else if (HasTypeArguments)
7245 retval = new GenericTypeExpr (retval.Type, targs, loc).ResolveAsTypeStep (ec, false);
7250 TypeSpec expr_type = expr_resolved.Type;
7251 if (expr_type == InternalType.Dynamic) {
7252 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
7253 args.Add (new Argument (expr_resolved.Resolve (ec)));
7254 expr = new DynamicMemberBinder (Name, args, loc);
7255 if (right_side != null)
7256 return expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7258 return expr.Resolve (ec);
7262 const MemberKind dot_kinds = MemberKind.Class | MemberKind.Struct | MemberKind.Delegate | MemberKind.Enum |
7263 MemberKind.Interface | MemberKind.TypeParameter | MemberKind.ArrayType;
7265 if ((expr_type.Kind & dot_kinds) == 0 || expr_type == TypeManager.void_type) {
7266 Unary.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, loc, ".", expr_type);
7270 var arity = HasTypeArguments ? targs.Count : -1;
7272 var member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec.Compiler,
7273 ec.CurrentType, expr_type, expr_type, Name, arity, BindingRestriction.NoOverrides, loc);
7275 if (member_lookup == null) {
7276 expr = expr_resolved.Resolve (ec);
7278 ExprClass expr_eclass = expr.eclass;
7281 // Extension methods are not allowed on all expression types
7283 if (expr_eclass == ExprClass.Value || expr_eclass == ExprClass.Variable ||
7284 expr_eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess || expr_eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess ||
7285 expr_eclass == ExprClass.EventAccess) {
7286 ExtensionMethodGroupExpr ex_method_lookup = ec.LookupExtensionMethod (expr_type, Name, arity, loc);
7287 if (ex_method_lookup != null) {
7288 ex_method_lookup.ExtensionExpression = expr;
7290 if (HasTypeArguments) {
7291 if (!targs.Resolve (ec))
7294 ex_method_lookup.SetTypeArguments (ec, targs);
7297 return ex_method_lookup.Resolve (ec);
7301 member_lookup = Error_MemberLookupFailed (ec,
7302 ec.CurrentType, expr_type, expr_type, Name, arity, null,
7303 MemberKind.All, BindingRestriction.AccessibleOnly);
7304 if (member_lookup == null)
7309 TypeExpr texpr = member_lookup as TypeExpr;
7310 if (texpr != null) {
7311 if (!(expr_resolved is TypeExpr)) {
7312 me = expr_resolved as MemberExpr;
7313 if (me == null || me.ProbeIdenticalTypeName (ec, expr_resolved, original) == expr_resolved) {
7314 ec.Report.Error (572, loc, "`{0}': cannot reference a type through an expression; try `{1}' instead",
7315 Name, member_lookup.GetSignatureForError ());
7320 if (!texpr.CheckAccessLevel (ec.MemberContext)) {
7321 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (member_lookup.Type);
7322 ErrorIsInaccesible (loc, TypeManager.CSharpName (member_lookup.Type), ec.Report);
7326 if (HasTypeArguments) {
7327 var ct = new GenericTypeExpr (member_lookup.Type, targs, loc);
7328 return ct.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec, false);
7331 return member_lookup;
7334 me = (MemberExpr) member_lookup;
7336 if (original != null && me.IsStatic)
7337 expr_resolved = me.ProbeIdenticalTypeName (ec, expr_resolved, original);
7339 me = me.ResolveMemberAccess (ec, expr_resolved, original);
7341 if (HasTypeArguments) {
7342 if (!targs.Resolve (ec))
7345 me.SetTypeArguments (ec, targs);
7348 if (original != null && (!TypeManager.IsValueType (expr_type) || me is PropertyExpr)) {
7349 if (me.IsInstance) {
7350 LocalVariableReference var = expr_resolved as LocalVariableReference;
7351 if (var != null && !var.VerifyAssigned (ec))
7356 // The following DoResolve/DoResolveLValue will do the definite assignment
7359 if (right_side != null)
7360 return me.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7362 return me.Resolve (ec);
7365 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7367 return DoResolve (ec, null);
7370 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
7372 return DoResolve (ec, right_side);
7375 public override FullNamedExpression ResolveAsTypeStep (IMemberContext ec, bool silent)
7377 return ResolveNamespaceOrType (ec, silent);
7380 public FullNamedExpression ResolveNamespaceOrType (IMemberContext rc, bool silent)
7382 FullNamedExpression expr_resolved = expr.ResolveAsTypeStep (rc, silent);
7384 if (expr_resolved == null)
7387 Namespace ns = expr_resolved as Namespace;
7389 FullNamedExpression retval = ns.Lookup (rc.Compiler, Name, Arity, loc);
7391 if (retval == null) {
7393 ns.Error_NamespaceDoesNotExist (loc, Name, Arity, rc);
7394 } else if (HasTypeArguments) {
7395 retval = new GenericTypeExpr (retval.Type, targs, loc).ResolveAsTypeStep (rc, silent);
7401 TypeExpr tnew_expr = expr_resolved.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (rc, false);
7402 if (tnew_expr == null)
7405 TypeSpec expr_type = tnew_expr.Type;
7406 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (expr_type)) {
7407 rc.Compiler.Report.Error (704, loc, "A nested type cannot be specified through a type parameter `{0}'",
7408 tnew_expr.GetSignatureForError ());
7412 var nested = MemberCache.FindNestedType (expr_type, Name, Arity);
7413 if (nested == null) {
7417 Error_IdentifierNotFound (rc, expr_type, Name);
7422 if (!IsMemberAccessible (rc.CurrentType ?? InternalType.FakeInternalType, nested, out extra_check)) {
7423 ErrorIsInaccesible (loc, nested.GetSignatureForError (), rc.Compiler.Report);
7427 if (HasTypeArguments) {
7428 texpr = new GenericTypeExpr (nested, targs, loc);
7430 texpr = new TypeExpression (nested, loc);
7433 return texpr.ResolveAsTypeStep (rc, false);
7436 protected virtual void Error_IdentifierNotFound (IMemberContext rc, TypeSpec expr_type, string identifier)
7438 var nested = MemberCache.FindNestedType (expr_type, Name, -System.Math.Max (1, Arity));
7440 if (nested != null) {
7441 Error_TypeArgumentsCannotBeUsed (rc.Compiler.Report, expr.Location, nested, Arity);
7445 var member_lookup = MemberLookup (rc.Compiler,
7446 rc.CurrentType, expr_type, expr_type, identifier, -1,
7447 MemberKind.All, BindingRestriction.None, loc);
7449 if (member_lookup == null) {
7450 rc.Compiler.Report.Error (426, loc, "The nested type `{0}' does not exist in the type `{1}'",
7451 Name, expr_type.GetSignatureForError ());
7453 // TODO: Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError
7454 member_lookup.Error_UnexpectedKind (rc.Compiler.Report, null, "type", loc);
7458 protected override void Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec type, string name)
7460 if (RootContext.Version > LanguageVersion.ISO_2 && !ec.Compiler.IsRuntimeBinder &&
7461 ((expr.eclass & (ExprClass.Value | ExprClass.Variable)) != 0)) {
7462 ec.Report.Error (1061, loc, "Type `{0}' does not contain a definition for `{1}' and no " +
7463 "extension method `{1}' of type `{0}' could be found " +
7464 "(are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)",
7465 TypeManager.CSharpName (type), name);
7469 base.Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ec, type, name);
7472 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
7474 return expr.GetSignatureForError () + "." + base.GetSignatureForError ();
7477 public Expression Left {
7483 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7485 MemberAccess target = (MemberAccess) t;
7487 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
7492 /// Implements checked expressions
7494 public class CheckedExpr : Expression {
7496 public Expression Expr;
7498 public CheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
7504 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7506 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true))
7507 return Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
7510 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7512 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true))
7513 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7518 if (Expr is Constant || Expr is MethodGroupExpr || Expr is AnonymousMethodExpression || Expr is DefaultValueExpression)
7521 eclass = Expr.eclass;
7526 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7528 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true))
7532 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
7534 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true))
7535 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
7538 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
7540 using (ctx.With (BuilderContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true)) {
7541 return Expr.MakeExpression (ctx);
7545 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7547 CheckedExpr target = (CheckedExpr) t;
7549 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
7554 /// Implements the unchecked expression
7556 public class UnCheckedExpr : Expression {
7558 public Expression Expr;
7560 public UnCheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
7566 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7568 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, false))
7569 return Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
7572 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7574 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, false))
7575 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7580 if (Expr is Constant || Expr is MethodGroupExpr || Expr is AnonymousMethodExpression || Expr is DefaultValueExpression)
7583 eclass = Expr.eclass;
7588 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7590 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, false))
7594 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
7596 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, false))
7597 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
7600 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7602 UnCheckedExpr target = (UnCheckedExpr) t;
7604 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
7609 /// An Element Access expression.
7611 /// During semantic analysis these are transformed into
7612 /// IndexerAccess, ArrayAccess or a PointerArithmetic.
7614 public class ElementAccess : Expression {
7615 public Arguments Arguments;
7616 public Expression Expr;
7618 public ElementAccess (Expression e, Arguments args, Location loc)
7622 this.Arguments = args;
7625 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7627 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, Arguments,
7628 Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
7630 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "ArrayIndex", args);
7633 Expression MakePointerAccess (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec t)
7635 if (Arguments.Count != 1){
7636 ec.Report.Error (196, loc, "A pointer must be indexed by only one value");
7640 if (Arguments [0] is NamedArgument)
7641 Error_NamedArgument ((NamedArgument) Arguments[0], ec.Report);
7643 Expression p = new PointerArithmetic (Binary.Operator.Addition, Expr, Arguments [0].Expr.Resolve (ec), t, loc);
7644 return new Indirection (p, loc).Resolve (ec);
7647 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7649 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7654 // We perform some simple tests, and then to "split" the emit and store
7655 // code we create an instance of a different class, and return that.
7657 // I am experimenting with this pattern.
7659 TypeSpec t = Expr.Type;
7661 if (t == TypeManager.array_type){
7662 ec.Report.Error (21, loc, "Cannot apply indexing with [] to an expression of type `System.Array'");
7667 return (new ArrayAccess (this, loc)).Resolve (ec);
7669 return MakePointerAccess (ec, t);
7671 FieldExpr fe = Expr as FieldExpr;
7673 var ff = fe.Spec as FixedFieldSpec;
7675 return MakePointerAccess (ec, ff.ElementType);
7678 return (new IndexerAccess (this, loc)).Resolve (ec);
7681 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
7683 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7689 return (new ArrayAccess (this, loc)).DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7692 return MakePointerAccess (ec, type);
7694 if (Expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable && TypeManager.IsStruct (type))
7695 Error_CannotModifyIntermediateExpressionValue (ec);
7697 return (new IndexerAccess (this, loc)).DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7700 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7702 throw new Exception ("Should never be reached");
7705 public static void Error_NamedArgument (NamedArgument na, Report Report)
7707 Report.Error (1742, na.Location, "An element access expression cannot use named argument");
7710 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
7712 return Expr.GetSignatureForError ();
7715 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7717 ElementAccess target = (ElementAccess) t;
7719 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
7720 if (Arguments != null)
7721 target.Arguments = Arguments.Clone (clonectx);
7726 /// Implements array access
7728 public class ArrayAccess : Expression, IDynamicAssign, IMemoryLocation {
7730 // Points to our "data" repository
7734 LocalTemporary temp;
7738 public ArrayAccess (ElementAccess ea_data, Location l)
7744 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7746 return ea.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
7749 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
7751 return DoResolve (ec);
7754 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7756 // dynamic is used per argument in ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex case
7758 ea.Arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
7760 var ac = ea.Expr.Type as ArrayContainer;
7761 int rank = ea.Arguments.Count;
7762 if (ac.Rank != rank) {
7763 ec.Report.Error (22, ea.Location, "Wrong number of indexes `{0}' inside [], expected `{1}'",
7764 rank.ToString (), ac.Rank.ToString ());
7769 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.IsUnsafe) {
7770 UnsafeError (ec, ea.Location);
7773 foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments) {
7774 if (a is NamedArgument)
7775 ElementAccess.Error_NamedArgument ((NamedArgument) a, ec.Report);
7777 a.Expr = ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex (ec, a.Expr);
7780 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7785 protected override void Error_NegativeArrayIndex (ResolveContext ec, Location loc)
7787 ec.Report.Warning (251, 2, loc, "Indexing an array with a negative index (array indices always start at zero)");
7791 // Load the array arguments into the stack.
7793 void LoadArrayAndArguments (EmitContext ec)
7797 for (int i = 0; i < ea.Arguments.Count; ++i) {
7798 ea.Arguments [i].Emit (ec);
7802 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
7804 var ac = ea.Expr.Type as ArrayContainer;
7807 ec.EmitLoadFromPtr (type);
7809 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
7810 ec.EmitArrayLoad (ac);
7814 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7815 temp = new LocalTemporary (this.type);
7820 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7825 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
7827 var ac = (ArrayContainer) ea.Expr.Type;
7828 TypeSpec t = source.Type;
7829 prepared = prepare_for_load;
7832 AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
7833 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7835 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
7838 // If we are dealing with a struct, get the
7839 // address of it, so we can store it.
7841 // The stobj opcode used by value types will need
7842 // an address on the stack, not really an array/array
7845 if (ac.Rank == 1 && TypeManager.IsStruct (t) &&
7846 (!TypeManager.IsBuiltinOrEnum (t) ||
7847 t == TypeManager.decimal_type)) {
7849 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, t);
7855 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7856 temp = new LocalTemporary (this.type);
7861 ec.EmitStoreFromPtr (t);
7863 ec.EmitArrayStore (ac);
7872 public void EmitNew (EmitContext ec, New source, bool leave_copy)
7874 if (!source.Emit (ec, this)) {
7876 throw new NotImplementedException ();
7881 throw new NotImplementedException ();
7884 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
7886 var ac = (ArrayContainer) ea.Expr.Type;
7888 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
7889 ec.EmitArrayAddress (ac);
7893 public SLE.Expression MakeAssignExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
7895 return SLE.Expression.ArrayAccess (
7896 ea.Expr.MakeExpression (ctx),
7897 Arguments.MakeExpression (ea.Arguments, ctx));
7901 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
7903 return SLE.Expression.ArrayIndex (
7904 ea.Expr.MakeExpression (ctx),
7905 Arguments.MakeExpression (ea.Arguments, ctx));
7910 /// Expressions that represent an indexer call.
7912 public class IndexerAccess : Expression, IDynamicAssign
7914 class IndexerMethodGroupExpr : MethodGroupExpr
7916 IEnumerable<IndexerSpec> candidates;
7918 public IndexerMethodGroupExpr (IEnumerable<IndexerSpec> indexers, Location loc)
7919 : base (FilterAccessors (indexers).ToList (), null, loc)
7921 candidates = indexers;
7924 public IndexerSpec BestIndexer ()
7926 return MemberCache.FindIndexers (BestCandidate.DeclaringType, BindingRestriction.None).
7928 (l.HasGet && l.Get.MemberDefinition == BestCandidate.MemberDefinition) ||
7929 (l.HasSet && l.Set.MemberDefinition == BestCandidate.MemberDefinition)).First ();
7932 static IEnumerable<MemberSpec> FilterAccessors (IEnumerable<IndexerSpec> indexers)
7934 foreach (IndexerSpec i in indexers) {
7942 protected override IList<MemberSpec> GetBaseTypeMethods (ResolveContext rc, TypeSpec type)
7944 candidates = GetIndexersForType (type);
7945 if (candidates == null)
7948 return FilterAccessors (candidates).ToList ();
7951 public override string Name {
7957 protected override int GetApplicableParametersCount (MethodSpec method, AParametersCollection parameters)
7960 // Here is the trick, decrease number of arguments by 1 when only
7961 // available property method is setter. This makes overload resolution
7962 // work correctly for indexers.
7965 if (method.Name [0] == 'g')
7966 return parameters.Count;
7968 return parameters.Count - 1;
7973 // Points to our "data" repository
7976 bool is_base_indexer;
7978 LocalTemporary temp;
7979 LocalTemporary prepared_value;
7980 Expression set_expr;
7982 protected TypeSpec indexer_type;
7983 protected TypeSpec current_type;
7984 protected Expression instance_expr;
7985 protected Arguments arguments;
7987 public IndexerAccess (ElementAccess ea, Location loc)
7988 : this (ea.Expr, false, loc)
7990 this.arguments = ea.Arguments;
7993 protected IndexerAccess (Expression instance_expr, bool is_base_indexer,
7996 this.instance_expr = instance_expr;
7997 this.is_base_indexer = is_base_indexer;
8001 static string GetAccessorName (bool isSet)
8003 return isSet ? "set" : "get";
8006 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8008 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, arguments,
8009 instance_expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec),
8010 new TypeOfMethod (spec.Get, loc));
8012 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Call", args);
8015 static IEnumerable<IndexerSpec> GetIndexersForType (TypeSpec lookup_type)
8017 return MemberCache.FindIndexers (lookup_type, BindingRestriction.AccessibleOnly | BindingRestriction.NoOverrides);
8020 protected virtual void CommonResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8022 indexer_type = instance_expr.Type;
8023 current_type = ec.CurrentType;
8026 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8028 return ResolveAccessor (ec, null);
8031 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
8033 if (right_side == EmptyExpression.OutAccess.Instance) {
8034 right_side.DoResolveLValue (ec, this);
8038 // if the indexer returns a value type, and we try to set a field in it
8039 if (right_side == EmptyExpression.LValueMemberAccess || right_side == EmptyExpression.LValueMemberOutAccess) {
8040 Error_CannotModifyIntermediateExpressionValue (ec);
8043 return ResolveAccessor (ec, right_side);
8046 Expression ResolveAccessor (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
8052 arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
8054 if (indexer_type == InternalType.Dynamic) {
8057 var ilist = GetIndexersForType (indexer_type);
8058 if (ilist == null) {
8059 ec.Report.Error (21, loc, "Cannot apply indexing with [] to an expression of type `{0}'",
8060 TypeManager.CSharpName (indexer_type));
8064 var mg = new IndexerMethodGroupExpr (ilist, loc) {
8065 InstanceExpression = instance_expr
8068 if (is_base_indexer)
8069 mg.QueriedBaseType = current_type;
8071 mg = mg.OverloadResolve (ec, ref arguments, false, loc) as IndexerMethodGroupExpr;
8076 spec = mg.BestIndexer ();
8080 Arguments args = new Arguments (arguments.Count + 1);
8081 if (is_base_indexer) {
8082 ec.Report.Error (1972, loc, "The indexer base access cannot be dynamically dispatched. Consider casting the dynamic arguments or eliminating the base access");
8084 args.Add (new Argument (instance_expr));
8086 args.AddRange (arguments);
8088 var expr = new DynamicIndexBinder (args, loc);
8089 if (right_side != null)
8090 return expr.ResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
8092 return expr.Resolve (ec);
8095 type = spec.MemberType;
8096 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.IsUnsafe)
8097 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
8099 MethodSpec accessor;
8100 if (right_side == null) {
8101 accessor = spec.Get;
8103 accessor = spec.Set;
8104 if (!spec.HasSet && spec.HasGet) {
8105 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (spec);
8106 ec.Report.Error (200, loc, "The read only property or indexer `{0}' cannot be assigned to",
8107 spec.GetSignatureForError ());
8111 set_expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right_side, type, loc);
8114 if (accessor == null) {
8115 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (spec);
8116 ec.Report.Error (154, loc, "The property or indexer `{0}' cannot be used in this context because it lacks a `{1}' accessor",
8117 spec.GetSignatureForError (), GetAccessorName (right_side != null));
8122 // Only base will allow this invocation to happen.
8124 if (spec.IsAbstract && this is BaseIndexerAccess) {
8125 Error_CannotCallAbstractBase (ec, spec.GetSignatureForError ());
8128 bool must_do_cs1540_check;
8129 if (!IsMemberAccessible (ec.CurrentType, accessor, out must_do_cs1540_check)) {
8130 if (spec.HasDifferentAccessibility) {
8131 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (accessor);
8132 ec.Report.Error (271, loc, "The property or indexer `{0}' cannot be used in this context because a `{1}' accessor is inaccessible",
8133 TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (spec), GetAccessorName (right_side != null));
8135 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (spec);
8136 ErrorIsInaccesible (loc, TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (spec), ec.Report);
8140 instance_expr.CheckMarshalByRefAccess (ec);
8142 if (must_do_cs1540_check && (instance_expr != EmptyExpression.Null) &&
8143 !TypeManager.IsInstantiationOfSameGenericType (instance_expr.Type, ec.CurrentType) &&
8144 !TypeManager.IsNestedChildOf (ec.CurrentType, instance_expr.Type) &&
8145 !TypeManager.IsSubclassOf (instance_expr.Type, ec.CurrentType)) {
8146 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (accessor);
8147 Error_CannotAccessProtected (ec, loc, spec, instance_expr.Type, ec.CurrentType);
8151 eclass = ExprClass.IndexerAccess;
8155 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8160 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
8163 prepared_value.Emit (ec);
8165 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, is_base_indexer, instance_expr, spec.Get,
8166 arguments, loc, false, false);
8170 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8171 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
8177 // source is ignored, because we already have a copy of it from the
8178 // LValue resolution and we have already constructed a pre-cached
8179 // version of the arguments (ea.set_arguments);
8181 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
8183 prepared = prepare_for_load;
8184 Expression value = set_expr;
8187 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, is_base_indexer, instance_expr, spec.Get,
8188 arguments, loc, true, false);
8190 prepared_value = new LocalTemporary (type);
8191 prepared_value.Store (ec);
8193 prepared_value.Release (ec);
8196 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8197 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
8200 } else if (leave_copy) {
8201 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
8208 arguments.Add (new Argument (value));
8210 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, is_base_indexer, instance_expr, spec.Set, arguments, loc, false, prepared);
8218 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
8220 return spec.GetSignatureForError ();
8224 public SLE.Expression MakeAssignExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
8226 var value = new[] { set_expr.MakeExpression (ctx) };
8227 var args = Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx).Concat (value);
8229 return SLE.Expression.Block (
8230 SLE.Expression.Call (instance_expr.MakeExpression (ctx), (MethodInfo) spec.Set.GetMetaInfo (), args),
8235 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
8237 var args = Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx);
8238 return SLE.Expression.Call (instance_expr.MakeExpression (ctx), (MethodInfo) spec.Get.GetMetaInfo (), args);
8241 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8243 IndexerAccess target = (IndexerAccess) t;
8245 if (arguments != null)
8246 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
8248 if (instance_expr != null)
8249 target.instance_expr = instance_expr.Clone (clonectx);
8254 /// The base operator for method names
8256 public class BaseAccess : Expression {
8257 public readonly string Identifier;
8260 public BaseAccess (string member, Location l)
8262 this.Identifier = member;
8266 public BaseAccess (string member, TypeArguments args, Location l)
8272 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8274 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
8277 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8279 Expression c = CommonResolve (ec);
8285 // MethodGroups use this opportunity to flag an error on lacking ()
8287 if (!(c is MethodGroupExpr))
8288 return c.Resolve (ec);
8292 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
8294 Expression c = CommonResolve (ec);
8300 // MethodGroups use this opportunity to flag an error on lacking ()
8302 if (! (c is MethodGroupExpr))
8303 return c.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
8308 Expression CommonResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8310 Expression member_lookup;
8311 TypeSpec current_type = ec.CurrentType;
8312 TypeSpec base_type = current_type.BaseType;
8314 if (!This.IsThisAvailable (ec, false)) {
8316 ec.Report.Error (1511, loc, "Keyword `base' is not available in a static method");
8318 ec.Report.Error (1512, loc, "Keyword `base' is not available in the current context");
8323 var arity = args == null ? -1 : args.Count;
8324 member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec.Compiler, ec.CurrentType, null, base_type, Identifier, arity,
8325 MemberKind.All, BindingRestriction.AccessibleOnly | BindingRestriction.NoOverrides, loc);
8326 if (member_lookup == null) {
8327 Error_MemberLookupFailed (ec, ec.CurrentType, base_type, base_type, Identifier, arity,
8328 null, MemberKind.All, BindingRestriction.AccessibleOnly);
8332 MemberExpr me = member_lookup as MemberExpr;
8334 if (member_lookup is TypeExpression){
8335 ec.Report.Error (582, loc, "{0}: Can not reference a type through an expression, try `{1}' instead",
8336 Identifier, member_lookup.GetSignatureForError ());
8338 ec.Report.Error (582, loc, "{0}: Can not reference a {1} through an expression",
8339 Identifier, member_lookup.ExprClassName);
8345 me.QueriedBaseType = base_type;
8349 me.SetTypeArguments (ec, args);
8355 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8357 throw new Exception ("Should never be called");
8360 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8362 BaseAccess target = (BaseAccess) t;
8365 target.args = args.Clone ();
8370 /// The base indexer operator
8372 public class BaseIndexerAccess : IndexerAccess {
8373 public BaseIndexerAccess (Arguments args, Location loc)
8374 : base (null, true, loc)
8376 this.arguments = args;
8379 protected override void CommonResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8381 instance_expr = ec.GetThis (loc);
8383 current_type = ec.CurrentType.BaseType;
8384 indexer_type = current_type;
8387 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8389 MemberExpr.Error_BaseAccessInExpressionTree (ec, loc);
8390 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
8395 /// This class exists solely to pass the Type around and to be a dummy
8396 /// that can be passed to the conversion functions (this is used by
8397 /// foreach implementation to typecast the object return value from
8398 /// get_Current into the proper type. All code has been generated and
8399 /// we only care about the side effect conversions to be performed
8401 /// This is also now used as a placeholder where a no-action expression
8402 /// is needed (the `New' class).
8404 public class EmptyExpression : Expression {
8405 public static readonly Expression Null = new EmptyExpression ();
8407 public class OutAccess : EmptyExpression
8409 public static readonly OutAccess Instance = new OutAccess ();
8411 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext rc, Expression right_side)
8413 rc.Report.Error (206, right_side.Location,
8414 "A property, indexer or dynamic member access may not be passed as `ref' or `out' parameter");
8420 public static readonly EmptyExpression LValueMemberAccess = new EmptyExpression ();
8421 public static readonly EmptyExpression LValueMemberOutAccess = new EmptyExpression ();
8422 public static readonly EmptyExpression UnaryAddress = new EmptyExpression ();
8424 static EmptyExpression temp = new EmptyExpression ();
8425 public static EmptyExpression Grab ()
8427 EmptyExpression retval = temp == null ? new EmptyExpression () : temp;
8432 public static void Release (EmptyExpression e)
8439 // FIXME: Don't set to object
8440 type = TypeManager.object_type;
8441 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8442 loc = Location.Null;
8445 public EmptyExpression (TypeSpec t)
8448 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8449 loc = Location.Null;
8452 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8454 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
8457 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8462 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8464 // nothing, as we only exist to not do anything.
8467 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
8472 // This is just because we might want to reuse this bad boy
8473 // instead of creating gazillions of EmptyExpressions.
8474 // (CanImplicitConversion uses it)
8476 public void SetType (TypeSpec t)
8483 // Empty statement expression
8485 public sealed class EmptyExpressionStatement : ExpressionStatement
8487 public static readonly EmptyExpressionStatement Instance = new EmptyExpressionStatement ();
8489 private EmptyExpressionStatement ()
8491 loc = Location.Null;
8494 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8499 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
8504 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8506 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8507 type = TypeManager.object_type;
8511 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8517 public class UserCast : Expression {
8521 public UserCast (MethodSpec method, Expression source, Location l)
8523 this.method = method;
8524 this.source = source;
8525 type = method.ReturnType;
8529 public Expression Source {
8535 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8537 Arguments args = new Arguments (3);
8538 args.Add (new Argument (source.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
8539 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (type, loc), loc)));
8540 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOfMethod (method, loc)));
8541 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Convert", args);
8544 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8546 ObsoleteAttribute oa = method.GetAttributeObsolete ();
8548 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, GetSignatureForError (), loc, ec.Report);
8550 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8554 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8557 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method);
8560 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
8562 return TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method);
8565 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
8567 return SLE.Expression.Convert (source.MakeExpression (ctx), type.GetMetaInfo (), (MethodInfo) method.GetMetaInfo ());
8572 // Holds additional type specifiers like ?, *, []
8574 public class ComposedTypeSpecifier
8576 public static readonly ComposedTypeSpecifier SingleDimension = new ComposedTypeSpecifier (1, Location.Null);
8578 public readonly int Dimension;
8579 public readonly Location Location;
8581 public ComposedTypeSpecifier (int specifier, Location loc)
8583 this.Dimension = specifier;
8584 this.Location = loc;
8588 public bool IsNullable {
8590 return Dimension == -1;
8594 public bool IsPointer {
8596 return Dimension == -2;
8600 public ComposedTypeSpecifier Next { get; set; }
8604 public static ComposedTypeSpecifier CreateArrayDimension (int dimension, Location loc)
8606 return new ComposedTypeSpecifier (dimension, loc);
8609 public static ComposedTypeSpecifier CreateNullable (Location loc)
8611 return new ComposedTypeSpecifier (-1, loc);
8614 public static ComposedTypeSpecifier CreatePointer (Location loc)
8616 return new ComposedTypeSpecifier (-2, loc);
8619 public string GetSignatureForError ()
8624 ArrayContainer.GetPostfixSignature (Dimension);
8626 return Next != null ? s + Next.GetSignatureForError () : s;
8631 // This class is used to "construct" the type during a typecast
8632 // operation. Since the Type.GetType class in .NET can parse
8633 // the type specification, we just use this to construct the type
8634 // one bit at a time.
8636 public class ComposedCast : TypeExpr {
8637 FullNamedExpression left;
8638 ComposedTypeSpecifier spec;
8640 public ComposedCast (FullNamedExpression left, ComposedTypeSpecifier spec)
8643 throw new ArgumentNullException ("spec");
8647 this.loc = spec.Location;
8650 protected override TypeExpr DoResolveAsTypeStep (IMemberContext ec)
8652 TypeExpr lexpr = left.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
8657 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
8659 var single_spec = spec;
8661 if (single_spec.IsNullable) {
8662 lexpr = new Nullable.NullableType (lexpr, loc);
8663 lexpr = lexpr.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
8667 single_spec = single_spec.Next;
8668 } else if (single_spec.IsPointer) {
8669 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Compiler, type, loc))
8673 UnsafeError (ec.Compiler.Report, loc);
8676 type = PointerContainer.MakeType (type);
8677 single_spec = single_spec.Next;
8680 if (single_spec != null && single_spec.Dimension > 0) {
8681 if (TypeManager.IsSpecialType (type)) {
8682 ec.Compiler.Report.Error (611, loc, "Array elements cannot be of type `{0}'", type.GetSignatureForError ());
8683 } else if (type.IsStatic) {
8684 ec.Compiler.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (type);
8685 ec.Compiler.Report.Error (719, loc, "Array elements cannot be of static type `{0}'",
8686 type.GetSignatureForError ());
8688 MakeArray (single_spec);
8695 void MakeArray (ComposedTypeSpecifier spec)
8697 if (spec.Next != null)
8698 MakeArray (spec.Next);
8700 type = ArrayContainer.MakeType (type, spec.Dimension);
8703 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
8705 return left.GetSignatureForError () + spec.GetSignatureForError ();
8709 public class FixedBufferPtr : Expression {
8712 public FixedBufferPtr (Expression array, TypeSpec array_type, Location l)
8717 type = PointerContainer.MakeType (array_type);
8718 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8721 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8723 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
8727 public override void Emit(EmitContext ec)
8732 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8735 // We are born fully resolved
8743 // This class is used to represent the address of an array, used
8744 // only by the Fixed statement, this generates "&a [0]" construct
8745 // for fixed (char *pa = a)
8747 public class ArrayPtr : FixedBufferPtr {
8748 TypeSpec array_type;
8750 public ArrayPtr (Expression array, TypeSpec array_type, Location l):
8751 base (array, array_type, l)
8753 this.array_type = array_type;
8756 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8761 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, array_type);
8766 // Encapsulates a conversion rules required for array indexes
8768 public class ArrayIndexCast : TypeCast
8770 public ArrayIndexCast (Expression expr)
8771 : base (expr, TypeManager.int32_type)
8773 if (expr.Type == TypeManager.int32_type)
8774 throw new ArgumentException ("unnecessary array index conversion");
8777 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8779 using (ec.Set (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
8780 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
8784 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8788 var expr_type = child.Type;
8790 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
8791 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U);
8792 else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
8793 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I);
8794 else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
8795 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I_Un);
8797 throw new InternalErrorException ("Cannot emit cast to unknown array element type", type);
8802 // Implements the `stackalloc' keyword
8804 public class StackAlloc : Expression {
8809 public StackAlloc (Expression type, Expression count, Location l)
8816 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8818 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
8821 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8823 count = count.Resolve (ec);
8827 if (count.Type != TypeManager.uint32_type){
8828 count = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, count, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
8833 Constant c = count as Constant;
8834 if (c != null && c.IsNegative) {
8835 ec.Report.Error (247, loc, "Cannot use a negative size with stackalloc");
8838 if (ec.HasAny (ResolveContext.Options.CatchScope | ResolveContext.Options.FinallyScope)) {
8839 ec.Report.Error (255, loc, "Cannot use stackalloc in finally or catch");
8842 TypeExpr texpr = t.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec, false);
8848 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Compiler, otype, loc))
8851 type = PointerContainer.MakeType (otype);
8852 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8857 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8859 int size = GetTypeSize (otype);
8864 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, otype);
8868 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un);
8869 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Localloc);
8872 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8874 StackAlloc target = (StackAlloc) t;
8875 target.count = count.Clone (clonectx);
8876 target.t = t.Clone (clonectx);
8881 // An object initializer expression
8883 public class ElementInitializer : Assign
8885 public readonly string Name;
8887 public ElementInitializer (string name, Expression initializer, Location loc)
8888 : base (null, initializer, loc)
8893 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8895 ElementInitializer target = (ElementInitializer) t;
8896 target.source = source.Clone (clonectx);
8899 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8901 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
8902 FieldExpr fe = target as FieldExpr;
8904 args.Add (new Argument (fe.CreateTypeOfExpression ()));
8906 args.Add (new Argument (((PropertyExpr)target).CreateSetterTypeOfExpression ()));
8908 args.Add (new Argument (source.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
8909 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec,
8910 source is CollectionOrObjectInitializers ? "ListBind" : "Bind",
8914 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8917 return EmptyExpressionStatement.Instance;
8919 MemberExpr me = MemberLookupFinal (ec, ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type, ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type,
8920 Name, 0, MemberKind.Field | MemberKind.Property, BindingRestriction.AccessibleOnly | BindingRestriction.InstanceOnly, loc) as MemberExpr;
8926 me.InstanceExpression = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable;
8928 if (source is CollectionOrObjectInitializers) {
8929 Expression previous = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable;
8930 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = target;
8931 source = source.Resolve (ec);
8932 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = previous;
8936 eclass = source.eclass;
8941 return base.DoResolve (ec);
8944 protected override MemberExpr Error_MemberLookupFailed (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec type, IList<MemberSpec> members)
8946 var member = members.First ();
8947 if (member.Kind != MemberKind.Property && member.Kind != MemberKind.Field)
8948 ec.Report.Error (1913, loc, "Member `{0}' cannot be initialized. An object " +
8949 "initializer may only be used for fields, or properties", TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (member));
8951 ec.Report.Error (1914, loc, " Static field or property `{0}' cannot be assigned in an object initializer",
8952 TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (member));
8957 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
8959 if (source is CollectionOrObjectInitializers)
8962 base.EmitStatement (ec);
8967 // A collection initializer expression
8969 class CollectionElementInitializer : Invocation
8971 public class ElementInitializerArgument : Argument
8973 public ElementInitializerArgument (Expression e)
8979 sealed class AddMemberAccess : MemberAccess
8981 public AddMemberAccess (Expression expr, Location loc)
8982 : base (expr, "Add", loc)
8986 protected override void Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec type, string name)
8988 if (TypeManager.HasElementType (type))
8991 base.Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ec, type, name);
8995 public CollectionElementInitializer (Expression argument)
8996 : base (null, new Arguments (1))
8998 base.arguments.Add (new ElementInitializerArgument (argument));
8999 this.loc = argument.Location;
9002 public CollectionElementInitializer (List<Expression> arguments, Location loc)
9003 : base (null, new Arguments (arguments.Count))
9005 foreach (Expression e in arguments)
9006 base.arguments.Add (new ElementInitializerArgument (e));
9011 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9013 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
9014 args.Add (new Argument (mg.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9016 var expr_initializers = new ArrayInitializer (arguments.Count, loc);
9017 foreach (Argument a in arguments)
9018 expr_initializers.Add (a.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
9020 args.Add (new Argument (new ArrayCreation (
9021 CreateExpressionTypeExpression (ec, loc), expr_initializers, loc)));
9022 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "ElementInit", args);
9025 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9027 CollectionElementInitializer target = (CollectionElementInitializer) t;
9028 if (arguments != null)
9029 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
9032 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9034 base.expr = new AddMemberAccess (ec.CurrentInitializerVariable, loc);
9036 return base.DoResolve (ec);
9041 // A block of object or collection initializers
9043 public class CollectionOrObjectInitializers : ExpressionStatement
9045 IList<Expression> initializers;
9046 bool is_collection_initialization;
9048 public static readonly CollectionOrObjectInitializers Empty =
9049 new CollectionOrObjectInitializers (Array.AsReadOnly (new Expression [0]), Location.Null);
9051 public CollectionOrObjectInitializers (IList<Expression> initializers, Location loc)
9053 this.initializers = initializers;
9057 public bool IsEmpty {
9059 return initializers.Count == 0;
9063 public bool IsCollectionInitializer {
9065 return is_collection_initialization;
9069 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
9071 CollectionOrObjectInitializers t = (CollectionOrObjectInitializers) target;
9073 t.initializers = new List<Expression> (initializers.Count);
9074 foreach (var e in initializers)
9075 t.initializers.Add (e.Clone (clonectx));
9078 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9080 var expr_initializers = new ArrayInitializer (initializers.Count, loc);
9081 foreach (Expression e in initializers) {
9082 Expression expr = e.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
9084 expr_initializers.Add (expr);
9087 return new ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (expr_initializers, loc);
9090 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9092 List<string> element_names = null;
9093 for (int i = 0; i < initializers.Count; ++i) {
9094 Expression initializer = initializers [i];
9095 ElementInitializer element_initializer = initializer as ElementInitializer;
9098 if (element_initializer != null) {
9099 element_names = new List<string> (initializers.Count);
9100 element_names.Add (element_initializer.Name);
9101 } else if (initializer is CompletingExpression){
9102 initializer.Resolve (ec);
9103 throw new InternalErrorException ("This line should never be reached");
9105 if (!ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type.ImplementsInterface (TypeManager.ienumerable_type)) {
9106 ec.Report.Error (1922, loc, "A field or property `{0}' cannot be initialized with a collection " +
9107 "object initializer because type `{1}' does not implement `{2}' interface",
9108 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.GetSignatureForError (),
9109 TypeManager.CSharpName (ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type),
9110 TypeManager.CSharpName (TypeManager.ienumerable_type));
9113 is_collection_initialization = true;
9116 if (is_collection_initialization != (element_initializer == null)) {
9117 ec.Report.Error (747, initializer.Location, "Inconsistent `{0}' member declaration",
9118 is_collection_initialization ? "collection initializer" : "object initializer");
9122 if (!is_collection_initialization) {
9123 if (element_names.Contains (element_initializer.Name)) {
9124 ec.Report.Error (1912, element_initializer.Location,
9125 "An object initializer includes more than one member `{0}' initialization",
9126 element_initializer.Name);
9128 element_names.Add (element_initializer.Name);
9133 Expression e = initializer.Resolve (ec);
9134 if (e == EmptyExpressionStatement.Instance)
9135 initializers.RemoveAt (i--);
9137 initializers [i] = e;
9140 type = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type;
9141 if (is_collection_initialization) {
9142 if (TypeManager.HasElementType (type)) {
9143 ec.Report.Error (1925, loc, "Cannot initialize object of type `{0}' with a collection initializer",
9144 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
9148 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
9152 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9157 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
9159 foreach (ExpressionStatement e in initializers)
9160 e.EmitStatement (ec);
9165 // New expression with element/object initializers
9167 public class NewInitialize : New
9170 // This class serves as a proxy for variable initializer target instances.
9171 // A real variable is assigned later when we resolve left side of an
9174 sealed class InitializerTargetExpression : Expression, IMemoryLocation
9176 NewInitialize new_instance;
9178 public InitializerTargetExpression (NewInitialize newInstance)
9180 this.type = newInstance.type;
9181 this.loc = newInstance.loc;
9182 this.eclass = newInstance.eclass;
9183 this.new_instance = newInstance;
9186 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9188 // Should not be reached
9189 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
9192 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9197 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
9202 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9204 Expression e = (Expression) new_instance.instance;
9208 #region IMemoryLocation Members
9210 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
9212 new_instance.instance.AddressOf (ec, mode);
9218 CollectionOrObjectInitializers initializers;
9219 IMemoryLocation instance;
9221 public NewInitialize (FullNamedExpression requested_type, Arguments arguments, CollectionOrObjectInitializers initializers, Location l)
9222 : base (requested_type, arguments, l)
9224 this.initializers = initializers;
9227 protected override IMemoryLocation EmitAddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
9229 instance = base.EmitAddressOf (ec, Mode);
9231 if (!initializers.IsEmpty)
9232 initializers.Emit (ec);
9237 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9239 base.CloneTo (clonectx, t);
9241 NewInitialize target = (NewInitialize) t;
9242 target.initializers = (CollectionOrObjectInitializers) initializers.Clone (clonectx);
9245 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9247 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
9248 args.Add (new Argument (base.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9249 if (!initializers.IsEmpty)
9250 args.Add (new Argument (initializers.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9252 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec,
9253 initializers.IsCollectionInitializer ? "ListInit" : "MemberInit",
9257 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9259 Expression e = base.DoResolve (ec);
9263 Expression previous = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable;
9264 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = new InitializerTargetExpression (this);
9265 initializers.Resolve (ec);
9266 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = previous;
9270 public override bool Emit (EmitContext ec, IMemoryLocation target)
9272 bool left_on_stack = base.Emit (ec, target);
9274 if (initializers.IsEmpty)
9275 return left_on_stack;
9277 LocalTemporary temp = target as LocalTemporary;
9279 if (!left_on_stack) {
9280 VariableReference vr = target as VariableReference;
9282 // FIXME: This still does not work correctly for pre-set variables
9283 if (vr != null && vr.IsRef)
9284 target.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Load);
9286 ((Expression) target).Emit (ec);
9287 left_on_stack = true;
9290 temp = new LocalTemporary (type);
9297 initializers.Emit (ec);
9299 if (left_on_stack) {
9304 return left_on_stack;
9307 public override bool HasInitializer {
9309 return !initializers.IsEmpty;
9314 public class NewAnonymousType : New
9316 static readonly AnonymousTypeParameter[] EmptyParameters = new AnonymousTypeParameter[0];
9318 List<AnonymousTypeParameter> parameters;
9319 readonly TypeContainer parent;
9320 AnonymousTypeClass anonymous_type;
9322 public NewAnonymousType (List<AnonymousTypeParameter> parameters, TypeContainer parent, Location loc)
9323 : base (null, null, loc)
9325 this.parameters = parameters;
9326 this.parent = parent;
9329 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
9331 if (parameters == null)
9334 NewAnonymousType t = (NewAnonymousType) target;
9335 t.parameters = new List<AnonymousTypeParameter> (parameters.Count);
9336 foreach (AnonymousTypeParameter atp in parameters)
9337 t.parameters.Add ((AnonymousTypeParameter) atp.Clone (clonectx));
9340 AnonymousTypeClass CreateAnonymousType (ResolveContext ec, IList<AnonymousTypeParameter> parameters)
9342 AnonymousTypeClass type = parent.Module.Compiled.GetAnonymousType (parameters);
9346 type = AnonymousTypeClass.Create (ec.Compiler, parent, parameters, loc);
9352 type.ResolveTypeParameters ();
9355 if (ec.Report.Errors == 0)
9358 parent.Module.Compiled.AddAnonymousType (type);
9362 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9364 if (parameters == null)
9365 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
9367 var init = new ArrayInitializer (parameters.Count, loc);
9368 foreach (Property p in anonymous_type.Properties)
9369 init.Add (new TypeOfMethod (MemberCache.GetMember (type, p.Get.Spec), loc));
9371 var ctor_args = new ArrayInitializer (Arguments.Count, loc);
9372 foreach (Argument a in Arguments)
9373 ctor_args.Add (a.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
9375 Arguments args = new Arguments (3);
9376 args.Add (new Argument (method.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9377 args.Add (new Argument (new ArrayCreation (TypeManager.expression_type_expr, ctor_args, loc)));
9378 args.Add (new Argument (new ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (init, loc)));
9380 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "New", args);
9383 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9385 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.ConstantScope)) {
9386 ec.Report.Error (836, loc, "Anonymous types cannot be used in this expression");
9390 if (parameters == null) {
9391 anonymous_type = CreateAnonymousType (ec, EmptyParameters);
9392 RequestedType = new TypeExpression (anonymous_type.Definition, loc);
9393 return base.DoResolve (ec);
9397 Arguments = new Arguments (parameters.Count);
9398 TypeExpression [] t_args = new TypeExpression [parameters.Count];
9399 for (int i = 0; i < parameters.Count; ++i) {
9400 Expression e = ((AnonymousTypeParameter) parameters [i]).Resolve (ec);
9406 Arguments.Add (new Argument (e));
9407 t_args [i] = new TypeExpression (e.Type, e.Location);
9413 anonymous_type = CreateAnonymousType (ec, parameters);
9414 if (anonymous_type == null)
9417 RequestedType = new GenericTypeExpr (anonymous_type.Definition, new TypeArguments (t_args), loc);
9418 return base.DoResolve (ec);
9422 public class AnonymousTypeParameter : ShimExpression
9424 public readonly string Name;
9426 public AnonymousTypeParameter (Expression initializer, string name, Location loc)
9427 : base (initializer)
9433 public AnonymousTypeParameter (Parameter parameter)
9434 : base (new SimpleName (parameter.Name, parameter.Location))
9436 this.Name = parameter.Name;
9437 this.loc = parameter.Location;
9440 public override bool Equals (object o)
9442 AnonymousTypeParameter other = o as AnonymousTypeParameter;
9443 return other != null && Name == other.Name;
9446 public override int GetHashCode ()
9448 return Name.GetHashCode ();
9451 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9453 Expression e = expr.Resolve (ec);
9457 if (e.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup) {
9458 Error_InvalidInitializer (ec, e.ExprClassName);
9463 if (type == TypeManager.void_type || type == TypeManager.null_type ||
9464 type == InternalType.AnonymousMethod || type.IsPointer) {
9465 Error_InvalidInitializer (ec, e.GetSignatureForError ());
9472 protected virtual void Error_InvalidInitializer (ResolveContext ec, string initializer)
9474 ec.Report.Error (828, loc, "An anonymous type property `{0}' cannot be initialized with `{1}'",