2 // expression.cs: Expression representation for the IL tree.
5 // Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com)
6 // Marek Safar (marek.safar@gmail.com)
8 // Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Ximian, Inc.
9 // Copyright 2003-2008 Novell, Inc.
10 // Copyright 2011 Xamarin Inc.
14 using System.Collections.Generic;
16 using SLE = System.Linq.Expressions;
19 using MetaType = IKVM.Reflection.Type;
20 using IKVM.Reflection;
21 using IKVM.Reflection.Emit;
23 using MetaType = System.Type;
24 using System.Reflection;
25 using System.Reflection.Emit;
31 // This is an user operator expression, automatically created during
34 public class UserOperatorCall : Expression {
35 protected readonly Arguments arguments;
36 protected readonly MethodSpec oper;
37 readonly Func<ResolveContext, Expression, Expression> expr_tree;
39 public UserOperatorCall (MethodSpec oper, Arguments args, Func<ResolveContext, Expression, Expression> expr_tree, Location loc)
42 this.arguments = args;
43 this.expr_tree = expr_tree;
45 type = oper.ReturnType;
46 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
50 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
52 return arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
55 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
57 if (expr_tree != null)
58 return expr_tree (ec, new TypeOfMethod (oper, loc));
60 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, arguments,
61 new NullLiteral (loc),
62 new TypeOfMethod (oper, loc));
64 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Call", args);
67 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext context, Expression target)
72 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
75 // We are born fully resolved
80 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
82 var call = new CallEmitter ();
83 call.EmitPredefined (ec, oper, arguments);
86 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
89 return base.MakeExpression (ctx);
91 return SLE.Expression.Call ((MethodInfo) oper.GetMetaInfo (), Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx));
96 public class ParenthesizedExpression : ShimExpression
98 public ParenthesizedExpression (Expression expr)
104 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
106 var res = expr.Resolve (ec);
107 var constant = res as Constant;
108 if (constant != null && constant.IsLiteral)
109 return Constant.CreateConstantFromValue (res.Type, constant.GetValue (), expr.Location);
114 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
116 return expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
119 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
121 return visitor.Visit (this);
126 // Unary implements unary expressions.
128 public class Unary : Expression
130 public enum Operator : byte {
131 UnaryPlus, UnaryNegation, LogicalNot, OnesComplement,
135 public readonly Operator Oper;
136 public Expression Expr;
137 Expression enum_conversion;
139 public Unary (Operator op, Expression expr, Location loc)
147 // This routine will attempt to simplify the unary expression when the
148 // argument is a constant.
150 Constant TryReduceConstant (ResolveContext ec, Constant constant)
154 while (e is EmptyConstantCast)
155 e = ((EmptyConstantCast) e).child;
157 if (e is SideEffectConstant) {
158 Constant r = TryReduceConstant (ec, ((SideEffectConstant) e).value);
159 return r == null ? null : new SideEffectConstant (r, e, r.Location);
162 TypeSpec expr_type = e.Type;
165 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
166 // Unary numeric promotions
167 switch (expr_type.BuiltinType) {
168 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
169 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ((ByteConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
170 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
171 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ((SByteConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
172 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
173 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ((ShortConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
174 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
175 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ((UShortConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
176 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
177 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ((CharConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
179 // Predefined operators
180 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
181 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
182 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
183 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
184 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
185 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double:
186 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal:
192 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
193 // Unary numeric promotions
194 switch (expr_type.BuiltinType) {
195 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
196 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((ByteConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
197 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
198 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((SByteConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
199 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
200 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((ShortConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
201 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
202 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((UShortConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
203 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
204 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((CharConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
206 // Predefined operators
207 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
208 int ivalue = ((IntConstant) e).Value;
209 if (ivalue == int.MinValue) {
210 if (ec.ConstantCheckState) {
211 ConstantFold.Error_CompileTimeOverflow (ec, loc);
216 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -ivalue, e.Location);
218 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
219 long lvalue = ((LongConstant) e).Value;
220 if (lvalue == long.MinValue) {
221 if (ec.ConstantCheckState) {
222 ConstantFold.Error_CompileTimeOverflow (ec, loc);
227 return new LongConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -lvalue, e.Location);
229 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
230 UIntLiteral uil = constant as UIntLiteral;
232 if (uil.Value == int.MaxValue + (uint) 1)
233 return new IntLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, int.MinValue, e.Location);
234 return new LongLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, -uil.Value, e.Location);
236 return new LongConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((UIntConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
239 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
240 ULongLiteral ull = constant as ULongLiteral;
241 if (ull != null && ull.Value == 9223372036854775808)
242 return new LongLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, long.MinValue, e.Location);
245 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
246 FloatLiteral fl = constant as FloatLiteral;
247 // For better error reporting
249 return new FloatLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, -fl.Value, e.Location);
251 return new FloatConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((FloatConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
253 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double:
254 DoubleLiteral dl = constant as DoubleLiteral;
255 // For better error reporting
257 return new DoubleLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, -dl.Value, e.Location);
259 return new DoubleConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((DoubleConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
261 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal:
262 return new DecimalConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, -((DecimalConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
267 case Operator.LogicalNot:
268 if (expr_type.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool)
271 bool b = (bool)e.GetValue ();
272 return new BoolConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, !b, e.Location);
274 case Operator.OnesComplement:
275 // Unary numeric promotions
276 switch (expr_type.BuiltinType) {
277 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
278 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((ByteConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
279 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
280 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((SByteConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
281 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
282 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((ShortConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
283 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
284 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((UShortConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
285 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
286 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((CharConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
288 // Predefined operators
289 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
290 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((IntConstant)e).Value, e.Location);
291 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
292 return new UIntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((UIntConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
293 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
294 return new LongConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((LongConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
295 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
296 return new ULongConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, ~((ULongConstant) e).Value, e.Location);
298 if (e is EnumConstant) {
299 e = TryReduceConstant (ec, ((EnumConstant)e).Child);
301 e = new EnumConstant (e, expr_type);
306 throw new Exception ("Can not constant fold: " + Oper.ToString());
309 protected virtual Expression ResolveOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
311 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
313 TypeSpec expr_type = expr.Type;
314 Expression best_expr;
316 TypeSpec[] predefined = ec.BuiltinTypes.OperatorsUnary [(int) Oper];
319 // Primitive types first
321 if (BuiltinTypeSpec.IsPrimitiveType (expr_type)) {
322 best_expr = ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (ec, expr, predefined);
323 if (best_expr == null)
326 type = best_expr.Type;
332 // E operator ~(E x);
334 if (Oper == Operator.OnesComplement && expr_type.IsEnum)
335 return ResolveEnumOperator (ec, expr, predefined);
337 return ResolveUserType (ec, expr, predefined);
340 protected virtual Expression ResolveEnumOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr, TypeSpec[] predefined)
342 TypeSpec underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (expr.Type);
343 Expression best_expr = ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (ec, EmptyCast.Create (expr, underlying_type), predefined);
344 if (best_expr == null)
348 enum_conversion = Convert.ExplicitNumericConversion (ec, new EmptyExpression (best_expr.Type), underlying_type);
350 return EmptyCast.Create (this, type);
353 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
355 return Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
358 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
360 return CreateExpressionTree (ec, null);
363 Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec, Expression user_op)
367 case Operator.AddressOf:
368 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
370 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
371 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && user_op == null && !IsFloat (type))
372 method_name = "NegateChecked";
374 method_name = "Negate";
376 case Operator.OnesComplement:
377 case Operator.LogicalNot:
380 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
381 method_name = "UnaryPlus";
384 throw new InternalErrorException ("Unknown unary operator " + Oper.ToString ());
387 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
388 args.Add (new Argument (Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
390 args.Add (new Argument (user_op));
392 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, method_name, args);
395 public static TypeSpec[][] CreatePredefinedOperatorsTable (BuiltinTypes types)
397 var predefined_operators = new TypeSpec[(int) Operator.TOP][];
400 // 7.6.1 Unary plus operator
402 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.UnaryPlus] = new TypeSpec [] {
403 types.Int, types.UInt,
404 types.Long, types.ULong,
405 types.Float, types.Double,
410 // 7.6.2 Unary minus operator
412 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.UnaryNegation] = new TypeSpec [] {
413 types.Int, types.Long,
414 types.Float, types.Double,
419 // 7.6.3 Logical negation operator
421 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.LogicalNot] = new TypeSpec [] {
426 // 7.6.4 Bitwise complement operator
428 predefined_operators [(int) Operator.OnesComplement] = new TypeSpec [] {
429 types.Int, types.UInt,
430 types.Long, types.ULong
433 return predefined_operators;
437 // Unary numeric promotions
439 static Expression DoNumericPromotion (ResolveContext rc, Operator op, Expression expr)
441 TypeSpec expr_type = expr.Type;
442 if (op == Operator.UnaryPlus || op == Operator.UnaryNegation || op == Operator.OnesComplement) {
443 switch (expr_type.BuiltinType) {
444 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
445 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
446 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
447 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
448 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
449 return Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (expr, rc.BuiltinTypes.Int);
453 if (op == Operator.UnaryNegation && expr_type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt)
454 return Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (expr, rc.BuiltinTypes.Long);
459 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
461 if (Oper == Operator.AddressOf) {
462 return ResolveAddressOf (ec);
465 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
469 if (Expr.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
470 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
471 args.Add (new Argument (Expr));
472 return new DynamicUnaryConversion (GetOperatorExpressionTypeName (), args, loc).Resolve (ec);
475 if (Expr.Type.IsNullableType)
476 return new Nullable.LiftedUnaryOperator (Oper, Expr, loc).Resolve (ec);
479 // Attempt to use a constant folding operation.
481 Constant cexpr = Expr as Constant;
483 cexpr = TryReduceConstant (ec, cexpr);
488 Expression expr = ResolveOperator (ec, Expr);
490 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, loc, OperName (Oper), Expr.Type);
493 // Reduce unary operator on predefined types
495 if (expr == this && Oper == Operator.UnaryPlus)
501 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right)
506 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
508 EmitOperator (ec, type);
511 protected void EmitOperator (EmitContext ec, TypeSpec type)
514 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
518 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
519 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type)) {
520 if (ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
521 Expr = Expr.EmitToField (ec);
524 if (type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long)
525 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U8);
527 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf);
530 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Neg);
535 case Operator.LogicalNot:
538 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
541 case Operator.OnesComplement:
543 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Not);
546 case Operator.AddressOf:
547 ((IMemoryLocation)Expr).AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
551 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
556 // Same trick as in Binary expression
558 if (enum_conversion != null)
559 enum_conversion.Emit (ec);
562 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
564 if (Oper == Operator.LogicalNot)
565 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, !on_true);
567 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
570 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
572 Expr.EmitSideEffect (ec);
576 // Converts operator to System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionType enum name
578 string GetOperatorExpressionTypeName ()
581 case Operator.OnesComplement:
582 return "OnesComplement";
583 case Operator.LogicalNot:
585 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
587 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
590 throw new NotImplementedException ("Unknown express type operator " + Oper.ToString ());
594 static bool IsFloat (TypeSpec t)
596 return t.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double || t.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float;
600 // Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
602 public static string OperName (Operator oper)
605 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
607 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
609 case Operator.LogicalNot:
611 case Operator.OnesComplement:
613 case Operator.AddressOf:
617 throw new NotImplementedException (oper.ToString ());
620 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
622 var expr = Expr.MakeExpression (ctx);
623 bool is_checked = ctx.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.CheckedScope);
626 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
627 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.NegateChecked (expr) : SLE.Expression.Negate (expr);
628 case Operator.LogicalNot:
629 return SLE.Expression.Not (expr);
630 #if NET_4_0 || MONODROID
631 case Operator.OnesComplement:
632 return SLE.Expression.OnesComplement (expr);
635 throw new NotImplementedException (Oper.ToString ());
639 Expression ResolveAddressOf (ResolveContext ec)
642 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
644 Expr = Expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, EmptyExpression.UnaryAddress);
645 if (Expr == null || Expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable) {
646 ec.Report.Error (211, loc, "Cannot take the address of the given expression");
650 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Module, Expr.Type, loc)) {
654 IVariableReference vr = Expr as IVariableReference;
657 is_fixed = vr.IsFixed;
658 vr.SetHasAddressTaken ();
661 AnonymousMethodExpression.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (ec, vr, loc);
664 IFixedExpression fe = Expr as IFixedExpression;
665 is_fixed = fe != null && fe.IsFixed;
668 if (!is_fixed && !ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.FixedInitializerScope)) {
669 ec.Report.Error (212, loc, "You can only take the address of unfixed expression inside of a fixed statement initializer");
672 type = PointerContainer.MakeType (ec.Module, Expr.Type);
673 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
677 Expression ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (ResolveContext rc, Expression expr, TypeSpec[] predefined)
679 expr = DoNumericPromotion (rc, Oper, expr);
680 TypeSpec expr_type = expr.Type;
681 foreach (TypeSpec t in predefined) {
689 // Perform user-operator overload resolution
691 protected virtual Expression ResolveUserOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
693 CSharp.Operator.OpType op_type;
695 case Operator.LogicalNot:
696 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.LogicalNot; break;
697 case Operator.OnesComplement:
698 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.OnesComplement; break;
699 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
700 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.UnaryNegation; break;
701 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
702 op_type = CSharp.Operator.OpType.UnaryPlus; break;
704 throw new InternalErrorException (Oper.ToString ());
707 var methods = MemberCache.GetUserOperator (expr.Type, op_type, false);
711 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
712 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
714 var res = new OverloadResolver (methods, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.BaseMembersIncluded | OverloadResolver.Restrictions.NoBaseMembers, loc);
715 var oper = res.ResolveOperator (ec, ref args);
720 Expr = args [0].Expr;
721 return new UserOperatorCall (oper, args, CreateExpressionTree, expr.Location);
725 // Unary user type overload resolution
727 Expression ResolveUserType (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr, TypeSpec[] predefined)
729 Expression best_expr = ResolveUserOperator (ec, expr);
730 if (best_expr != null)
733 foreach (TypeSpec t in predefined) {
734 Expression oper_expr = Convert.ImplicitUserConversion (ec, expr, t, expr.Location);
735 if (oper_expr == null)
738 if (oper_expr == ErrorExpression.Instance)
742 // decimal type is predefined but has user-operators
744 if (oper_expr.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal)
745 oper_expr = ResolveUserType (ec, oper_expr, predefined);
747 oper_expr = ResolvePrimitivePredefinedType (ec, oper_expr, predefined);
749 if (oper_expr == null)
752 if (best_expr == null) {
753 best_expr = oper_expr;
757 int result = OverloadResolver.BetterTypeConversion (ec, best_expr.Type, t);
759 if ((oper_expr is UserOperatorCall || oper_expr is UserCast) && (best_expr is UserOperatorCall || best_expr is UserCast)) {
760 ec.Report.Error (35, loc, "Operator `{0}' is ambiguous on an operand of type `{1}'",
761 OperName (Oper), expr.Type.GetSignatureForError ());
763 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, loc, OperName (Oper), expr.Type);
770 best_expr = oper_expr;
773 if (best_expr == null)
777 // HACK: Decimal user-operator is included in standard operators
779 if (best_expr.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal)
783 type = best_expr.Type;
787 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
789 Unary target = (Unary) t;
791 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
794 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
796 return visitor.Visit (this);
802 // Unary operators are turned into Indirection expressions
803 // after semantic analysis (this is so we can take the address
804 // of an indirection).
806 public class Indirection : Expression, IMemoryLocation, IAssignMethod, IFixedExpression {
808 LocalTemporary temporary;
811 public Indirection (Expression expr, Location l)
817 public Expression Expr {
823 public bool IsFixed {
827 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
829 Indirection target = (Indirection) t;
830 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
833 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
835 throw new NotImplementedException ();
838 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
840 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
844 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
849 ec.EmitLoadFromPtr (Type);
852 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
856 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
857 temporary = new LocalTemporary (expr.Type);
858 temporary.Store (ec);
862 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool isCompound)
864 prepared = isCompound;
869 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
873 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
874 temporary = new LocalTemporary (source.Type);
875 temporary.Store (ec);
878 ec.EmitStoreFromPtr (type);
880 if (temporary != null) {
882 temporary.Release (ec);
886 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
891 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
893 return DoResolve (ec);
896 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
898 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
903 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
905 var pc = expr.Type as PointerContainer;
908 ec.Report.Error (193, loc, "The * or -> operator must be applied to a pointer");
914 if (type.Kind == MemberKind.Void) {
915 Error_VoidPointerOperation (ec);
919 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
923 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
925 return visitor.Visit (this);
930 /// Unary Mutator expressions (pre and post ++ and --)
934 /// UnaryMutator implements ++ and -- expressions. It derives from
935 /// ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
936 /// operators can be used in a statement context.
938 /// FIXME: Idea, we could split this up in two classes, one simpler
939 /// for the common case, and one with the extra fields for more complex
940 /// classes (indexers require temporary access; overloaded require method)
943 public class UnaryMutator : ExpressionStatement
945 class DynamicPostMutator : Expression, IAssignMethod
950 public DynamicPostMutator (Expression expr)
953 this.type = expr.Type;
954 this.loc = expr.Location;
957 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
959 throw new NotImplementedException ("ET");
962 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
964 eclass = expr.eclass;
968 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
970 expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
971 return DoResolve (ec);
974 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
979 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
981 throw new NotImplementedException ();
985 // Emits target assignment using unmodified source value
987 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool isCompound)
990 // Allocate temporary variable to keep original value before it's modified
992 temp = new LocalTemporary (type);
996 ((IAssignMethod) expr).EmitAssign (ec, source, false, isCompound);
1007 public enum Mode : byte {
1014 PreDecrement = IsDecrement,
1015 PostIncrement = IsPost,
1016 PostDecrement = IsPost | IsDecrement
1020 bool is_expr, recurse;
1022 protected Expression expr;
1024 // Holds the real operation
1025 Expression operation;
1027 public UnaryMutator (Mode m, Expression e, Location loc)
1034 public Mode UnaryMutatorMode {
1040 public Expression Expr {
1046 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
1048 return expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
1051 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1053 return new SimpleAssign (this, this).CreateExpressionTree (ec);
1056 public static TypeSpec[] CreatePredefinedOperatorsTable (BuiltinTypes types)
1059 // Predefined ++ and -- operators exist for the following types:
1060 // sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char, float, double, decimal
1062 return new TypeSpec[] {
1078 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1080 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1085 if (expr.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
1087 // Handle postfix unary operators using local
1088 // temporary variable
1090 if ((mode & Mode.IsPost) != 0)
1091 expr = new DynamicPostMutator (expr);
1093 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
1094 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
1095 return new SimpleAssign (expr, new DynamicUnaryConversion (GetOperatorExpressionTypeName (), args, loc)).Resolve (ec);
1098 if (expr.Type.IsNullableType)
1099 return new Nullable.LiftedUnaryMutator (mode, expr, loc).Resolve (ec);
1101 return DoResolveOperation (ec);
1104 protected Expression DoResolveOperation (ResolveContext ec)
1106 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1109 if (expr is RuntimeValueExpression) {
1112 // Use itself at the top of the stack
1113 operation = new EmptyExpression (type);
1117 // The operand of the prefix/postfix increment decrement operators
1118 // should be an expression that is classified as a variable,
1119 // a property access or an indexer access
1121 // TODO: Move to parser, expr is ATypeNameExpression
1122 if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Variable || expr.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess || expr.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess) {
1123 expr = expr.ResolveLValue (ec, expr);
1125 ec.Report.Error (1059, loc, "The operand of an increment or decrement operator must be a variable, property or indexer");
1129 // Step 1: Try to find a user operator, it has priority over predefined ones
1131 var user_op = IsDecrement ? Operator.OpType.Decrement : Operator.OpType.Increment;
1132 var methods = MemberCache.GetUserOperator (type, user_op, false);
1134 if (methods != null) {
1135 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
1136 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
1138 var res = new OverloadResolver (methods, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.BaseMembersIncluded | OverloadResolver.Restrictions.NoBaseMembers, loc);
1139 var method = res.ResolveOperator (ec, ref args);
1143 args[0].Expr = operation;
1144 operation = new UserOperatorCall (method, args, null, loc);
1145 operation = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, operation, type, loc);
1150 // Step 2: Try predefined types
1153 Expression source = null;
1154 bool primitive_type;
1157 // Predefined without user conversion first for speed-up
1159 // Predefined ++ and -- operators exist for the following types:
1160 // sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char, float, double, decimal
1162 switch (type.BuiltinType) {
1163 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
1164 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
1165 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
1166 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
1167 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
1168 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
1169 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
1170 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
1171 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
1172 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
1173 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double:
1174 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal:
1176 primitive_type = true;
1179 primitive_type = false;
1181 // ++/-- on pointer variables of all types except void*
1182 if (type.IsPointer) {
1183 if (((PointerContainer) type).Element.Kind == MemberKind.Void) {
1184 Error_VoidPointerOperation (ec);
1190 foreach (var t in ec.BuiltinTypes.OperatorsUnaryMutator) {
1191 source = Convert.ImplicitUserConversion (ec, operation, t, loc);
1193 // LAMESPEC: It should error on ambiguous operators but that would make us incompatible
1194 if (source != null) {
1200 // ++/-- on enum types
1201 if (source == null && type.IsEnum)
1204 if (source == null) {
1205 expr.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, loc, Operator.GetName (user_op), type);
1212 var one = new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, 1, loc);
1213 var op = IsDecrement ? Binary.Operator.Subtraction : Binary.Operator.Addition;
1214 operation = new Binary (op, source, one);
1215 operation = operation.Resolve (ec);
1216 if (operation == null)
1217 throw new NotImplementedException ("should not be reached");
1219 if (operation.Type != type) {
1221 operation = Convert.ExplicitNumericConversion (ec, operation, type);
1223 operation = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, operation, type, loc);
1229 void EmitCode (EmitContext ec, bool is_expr)
1232 this.is_expr = is_expr;
1233 ((IAssignMethod) expr).EmitAssign (ec, this, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PreDecrement), true);
1236 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1239 // We use recurse to allow ourselfs to be the source
1240 // of an assignment. This little hack prevents us from
1241 // having to allocate another expression
1244 ((IAssignMethod) expr).Emit (ec, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PostIncrement || mode == Mode.PostDecrement));
1252 EmitCode (ec, true);
1255 protected virtual void EmitOperation (EmitContext ec)
1257 operation.Emit (ec);
1260 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
1262 EmitCode (ec, false);
1266 // Converts operator to System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionType enum name
1268 string GetOperatorExpressionTypeName ()
1270 return IsDecrement ? "Decrement" : "Increment";
1274 get { return (mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0; }
1278 #if NET_4_0 || MONODROID
1279 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
1281 var target = ((RuntimeValueExpression) expr).MetaObject.Expression;
1282 var source = SLE.Expression.Convert (operation.MakeExpression (ctx), target.Type);
1283 return SLE.Expression.Assign (target, source);
1287 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1289 UnaryMutator target = (UnaryMutator) t;
1291 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1294 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
1296 return visitor.Visit (this);
1302 // Base class for the `is' and `as' operators
1304 public abstract class Probe : Expression
1306 public Expression ProbeType;
1307 protected Expression expr;
1308 protected TypeSpec probe_type_expr;
1310 public Probe (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1312 ProbeType = probe_type;
1317 public Expression Expr {
1323 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
1325 return expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
1328 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1330 probe_type_expr = ProbeType.ResolveAsType (ec);
1331 if (probe_type_expr == null)
1334 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1338 if (probe_type_expr.IsStatic) {
1339 ec.Report.Error (-244, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to an operand of a static type",
1343 if (expr.Type.IsPointer || probe_type_expr.IsPointer) {
1344 ec.Report.Error (244, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to an operand of pointer type",
1349 if (expr.Type == InternalType.AnonymousMethod) {
1350 ec.Report.Error (837, loc, "The `{0}' operator cannot be applied to a lambda expression or anonymous method",
1358 protected abstract string OperatorName { get; }
1360 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1362 Probe target = (Probe) t;
1364 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1365 target.ProbeType = ProbeType.Clone (clonectx);
1371 /// Implementation of the `is' operator.
1373 public class Is : Probe
1375 Nullable.Unwrap expr_unwrap;
1377 public Is (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1378 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1382 protected override string OperatorName {
1383 get { return "is"; }
1386 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1388 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, null,
1389 expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec),
1390 new TypeOf (probe_type_expr, loc));
1392 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "TypeIs", args);
1395 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1397 if (expr_unwrap != null) {
1398 expr_unwrap.EmitCheck (ec);
1404 // Only to make verifier happy
1405 if (probe_type_expr.IsGenericParameter && TypeSpec.IsValueType (expr.Type))
1406 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Box, expr.Type);
1408 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type_expr);
1410 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
1413 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
1415 if (expr_unwrap != null) {
1416 expr_unwrap.EmitCheck (ec);
1419 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type_expr);
1421 ec.Emit (on_true ? OpCodes.Brtrue : OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
1424 Expression CreateConstantResult (ResolveContext ec, bool result)
1427 ec.Report.Warning (183, 1, loc, "The given expression is always of the provided (`{0}') type",
1428 TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type_expr));
1430 ec.Report.Warning (184, 1, loc, "The given expression is never of the provided (`{0}') type",
1431 TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type_expr));
1433 return ReducedExpression.Create (new BoolConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, result, loc), this);
1436 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1438 if (base.DoResolve (ec) == null)
1441 TypeSpec d = expr.Type;
1442 bool d_is_nullable = false;
1445 // If E is a method group or the null literal, or if the type of E is a reference
1446 // type or a nullable type and the value of E is null, the result is false
1448 if (expr.IsNull || expr.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup)
1449 return CreateConstantResult (ec, false);
1451 if (d.IsNullableType) {
1452 var ut = Nullable.NullableInfo.GetUnderlyingType (d);
1453 if (!ut.IsGenericParameter) {
1455 d_is_nullable = true;
1459 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Bool;
1460 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1461 TypeSpec t = probe_type_expr;
1462 bool t_is_nullable = false;
1463 if (t.IsNullableType) {
1464 var ut = Nullable.NullableInfo.GetUnderlyingType (t);
1465 if (!ut.IsGenericParameter) {
1467 t_is_nullable = true;
1474 // D and T are the same value types but D can be null
1476 if (d_is_nullable && !t_is_nullable) {
1477 expr_unwrap = Nullable.Unwrap.Create (expr, false);
1482 // The result is true if D and T are the same value types
1484 return CreateConstantResult (ec, true);
1487 var tp = d as TypeParameterSpec;
1489 return ResolveGenericParameter (ec, t, tp);
1492 // An unboxing conversion exists
1494 if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (d, t))
1497 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (t))
1498 return ResolveGenericParameter (ec, d, (TypeParameterSpec) t);
1500 if (t.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
1501 ec.Report.Warning (1981, 3, loc,
1502 "Using `{0}' to test compatibility with `{1}' is identical to testing compatibility with `object'",
1503 OperatorName, t.GetSignatureForError ());
1506 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (d))
1507 return ResolveGenericParameter (ec, t, (TypeParameterSpec) d);
1509 if (TypeSpec.IsValueType (d)) {
1510 if (Convert.ImplicitBoxingConversion (null, d, t) != null) {
1511 if (d_is_nullable && !t_is_nullable) {
1512 expr_unwrap = Nullable.Unwrap.Create (expr, false);
1516 return CreateConstantResult (ec, true);
1519 if (Convert.ImplicitReferenceConversionExists (d, t)) {
1521 // Do not optimize for imported type
1523 if (d.MemberDefinition.IsImported && d.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.None)
1527 // Turn is check into simple null check for implicitly convertible reference types
1529 return ReducedExpression.Create (
1530 new Binary (Binary.Operator.Inequality, expr, new NullLiteral (loc)).Resolve (ec),
1534 if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (d, t)) {
1540 return CreateConstantResult (ec, false);
1543 Expression ResolveGenericParameter (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec d, TypeParameterSpec t)
1545 if (t.IsReferenceType) {
1547 return CreateConstantResult (ec, false);
1550 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (expr.Type)) {
1551 if (expr.Type == d && TypeSpec.IsValueType (t))
1552 return CreateConstantResult (ec, true);
1554 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, d);
1560 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
1562 return visitor.Visit (this);
1567 /// Implementation of the `as' operator.
1569 public class As : Probe {
1570 Expression resolved_type;
1572 public As (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1573 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1577 protected override string OperatorName {
1578 get { return "as"; }
1581 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1583 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, null,
1584 expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec),
1585 new TypeOf (probe_type_expr, loc));
1587 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "TypeAs", args);
1590 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1594 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, type);
1596 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (type) || type.IsNullableType)
1597 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Unbox_Any, type);
1600 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1602 if (resolved_type == null) {
1603 resolved_type = base.DoResolve (ec);
1605 if (resolved_type == null)
1609 type = probe_type_expr;
1610 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1611 TypeSpec etype = expr.Type;
1613 if (!TypeSpec.IsReferenceType (type) && !type.IsNullableType) {
1614 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (type)) {
1615 ec.Report.Error (413, loc,
1616 "The `as' operator cannot be used with a non-reference type parameter `{0}'. Consider adding `class' or a reference type constraint",
1617 probe_type_expr.GetSignatureForError ());
1619 ec.Report.Error (77, loc,
1620 "The `as' operator cannot be used with a non-nullable value type `{0}'",
1621 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1626 if (expr.IsNull && type.IsNullableType) {
1627 return Nullable.LiftedNull.CreateFromExpression (ec, this);
1630 // If the compile-time type of E is dynamic, unlike the cast operator the as operator is not dynamically bound
1631 if (etype.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
1635 Expression e = Convert.ImplicitConversionStandard (ec, expr, type, loc);
1637 e = EmptyCast.Create (e, type);
1638 return ReducedExpression.Create (e, this).Resolve (ec);
1641 if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (etype, type)){
1642 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (etype))
1643 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, etype);
1648 if (InflatedTypeSpec.ContainsTypeParameter (etype) || InflatedTypeSpec.ContainsTypeParameter (type)) {
1649 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, etype);
1653 ec.Report.Error (39, loc, "Cannot convert type `{0}' to `{1}' via a built-in conversion",
1654 TypeManager.CSharpName (etype), TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1659 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
1661 return visitor.Visit (this);
1666 // This represents a typecast in the source language.
1668 public class Cast : ShimExpression {
1669 Expression target_type;
1671 public Cast (Expression cast_type, Expression expr, Location loc)
1674 this.target_type = cast_type;
1678 public Expression TargetType {
1679 get { return target_type; }
1682 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1684 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1688 type = target_type.ResolveAsType (ec);
1692 if (type.IsStatic) {
1693 ec.Report.Error (716, loc, "Cannot convert to static type `{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1697 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.IsUnsafe) {
1698 UnsafeError (ec, loc);
1701 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1703 Constant c = expr as Constant;
1705 c = c.TryReduce (ec, type);
1710 var res = Convert.ExplicitConversion (ec, expr, type, loc);
1712 return EmptyCast.Create (res, type);
1717 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1719 Cast target = (Cast) t;
1721 target.target_type = target_type.Clone (clonectx);
1722 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1725 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
1727 return visitor.Visit (this);
1731 public class ImplicitCast : ShimExpression
1735 public ImplicitCast (Expression expr, TypeSpec target, bool arrayAccess)
1738 this.loc = expr.Location;
1740 this.arrayAccess = arrayAccess;
1743 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1745 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1750 expr = ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex (ec, expr);
1752 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, expr, type, loc);
1759 // C# 2.0 Default value expression
1761 public class DefaultValueExpression : Expression
1765 public DefaultValueExpression (Expression expr, Location loc)
1771 public Expression Expr {
1777 public override bool IsSideEffectFree {
1783 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
1788 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
1790 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
1791 args.Add (new Argument (this));
1792 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (type, loc)));
1793 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
1796 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
1798 type = expr.ResolveAsType (ec);
1802 if (type.IsStatic) {
1803 ec.Report.Error (-244, loc, "The `default value' operator cannot be applied to an operand of a static type");
1807 return new NullLiteral (Location).ConvertImplicitly (type);
1809 if (TypeSpec.IsReferenceType (type))
1810 return new NullConstant (type, loc);
1812 Constant c = New.Constantify (type, expr.Location);
1816 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
1820 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1822 LocalTemporary temp_storage = new LocalTemporary(type);
1824 temp_storage.AddressOf(ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
1825 ec.Emit(OpCodes.Initobj, type);
1826 temp_storage.Emit(ec);
1827 temp_storage.Release (ec);
1830 #if (NET_4_0 || MONODROID) && !STATIC
1831 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
1833 return SLE.Expression.Default (type.GetMetaInfo ());
1837 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
1839 DefaultValueExpression target = (DefaultValueExpression) t;
1841 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
1844 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
1846 return visitor.Visit (this);
1851 /// Binary operators
1853 public class Binary : Expression, IDynamicBinder
1855 public class PredefinedOperator
1857 protected readonly TypeSpec left;
1858 protected readonly TypeSpec right;
1859 public readonly Operator OperatorsMask;
1860 public TypeSpec ReturnType;
1862 public PredefinedOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask)
1863 : this (ltype, rtype, op_mask, ltype)
1867 public PredefinedOperator (TypeSpec type, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec return_type)
1868 : this (type, type, op_mask, return_type)
1872 public PredefinedOperator (TypeSpec type, Operator op_mask)
1873 : this (type, type, op_mask, type)
1877 public PredefinedOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec return_type)
1879 if ((op_mask & Operator.ValuesOnlyMask) != 0)
1880 throw new InternalErrorException ("Only masked values can be used");
1884 this.OperatorsMask = op_mask;
1885 this.ReturnType = return_type;
1888 public virtual Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
1890 b.type = ReturnType;
1892 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
1893 b.right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, right, b.right.Location);
1896 // A user operators does not support multiple user conversions, but decimal type
1897 // is considered to be predefined type therefore we apply predefined operators rules
1898 // and then look for decimal user-operator implementation
1900 if (left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal)
1901 return b.ResolveUserOperator (ec, b.left, b.right);
1903 var c = b.right as Constant;
1905 if (c.IsDefaultValue && (b.oper == Operator.Addition || b.oper == Operator.Subtraction || (b.oper == Operator.BitwiseOr && !(b is Nullable.LiftedBinaryOperator))))
1906 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.left, b).Resolve (ec);
1907 if ((b.oper == Operator.Multiply || b.oper == Operator.Division) && c.IsOneInteger)
1908 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.left, b).Resolve (ec);
1912 c = b.left as Constant;
1914 if (c.IsDefaultValue && (b.oper == Operator.Addition || (b.oper == Operator.BitwiseOr && !(b is Nullable.LiftedBinaryOperator))))
1915 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.right, b).Resolve (ec);
1916 if (b.oper == Operator.Multiply && c.IsOneInteger)
1917 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.right, b).Resolve (ec);
1924 public bool IsPrimitiveApplicable (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype)
1927 // We are dealing with primitive types only
1929 return left == ltype && ltype == rtype;
1932 public virtual bool IsApplicable (ResolveContext ec, Expression lexpr, Expression rexpr)
1935 if (left == lexpr.Type && right == rexpr.Type)
1938 return Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, lexpr, left) &&
1939 Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, rexpr, right);
1942 public PredefinedOperator ResolveBetterOperator (ResolveContext ec, PredefinedOperator best_operator)
1945 if (left != null && best_operator.left != null) {
1946 result = OverloadResolver.BetterTypeConversion (ec, best_operator.left, left);
1950 // When second argument is same as the first one, the result is same
1952 if (right != null && (left != right || best_operator.left != best_operator.right)) {
1953 result |= OverloadResolver.BetterTypeConversion (ec, best_operator.right, right);
1956 if (result == 0 || result > 2)
1959 return result == 1 ? best_operator : this;
1963 sealed class PredefinedStringOperator : PredefinedOperator
1965 public PredefinedStringOperator (TypeSpec type, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec retType)
1966 : base (type, type, op_mask, retType)
1970 public PredefinedStringOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec retType)
1971 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask, retType)
1975 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
1978 // Use original expression for nullable arguments
1980 Nullable.Unwrap unwrap = b.left as Nullable.Unwrap;
1982 b.left = unwrap.Original;
1984 unwrap = b.right as Nullable.Unwrap;
1986 b.right = unwrap.Original;
1988 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
1989 b.right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, right, b.right.Location);
1992 // Start a new concat expression using converted expression
1994 return StringConcat.Create (ec, b.left, b.right, b.loc);
1998 sealed class PredefinedShiftOperator : PredefinedOperator
2000 public PredefinedShiftOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask)
2001 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask)
2005 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
2007 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
2009 Expression expr_tree_expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, right, b.right.Location);
2011 int right_mask = left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int || left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt ? 0x1f : 0x3f;
2014 // b = b.left >> b.right & (0x1f|0x3f)
2016 b.right = new Binary (Operator.BitwiseAnd,
2017 b.right, new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, right_mask, b.right.Location)).Resolve (ec);
2020 // Expression tree representation does not use & mask
2022 b.right = ReducedExpression.Create (b.right, expr_tree_expr).Resolve (ec);
2023 b.type = ReturnType;
2026 // Optimize shift by 0
2028 var c = b.right as Constant;
2029 if (c != null && c.IsDefaultValue)
2030 return ReducedExpression.Create (b.left, b).Resolve (ec);
2036 sealed class PredefinedEqualityOperator : PredefinedOperator
2038 MethodSpec equal_method, inequal_method;
2040 public PredefinedEqualityOperator (TypeSpec arg, TypeSpec retType)
2041 : base (arg, arg, Operator.EqualityMask, retType)
2045 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
2047 b.type = ReturnType;
2049 b.left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.left, left, b.left.Location);
2050 b.right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, b.right, right, b.right.Location);
2052 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
2053 args.Add (new Argument (b.left));
2054 args.Add (new Argument (b.right));
2057 if (b.oper == Operator.Equality) {
2058 if (equal_method == null) {
2059 if (left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.String)
2060 equal_method = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.StringEqual.Resolve (b.loc);
2061 else if (left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Delegate)
2062 equal_method = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.DelegateEqual.Resolve (b.loc);
2064 throw new NotImplementedException (left.GetSignatureForError ());
2067 method = equal_method;
2069 if (inequal_method == null) {
2070 if (left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.String)
2071 inequal_method = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.StringInequal.Resolve (b.loc);
2072 else if (left.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Delegate)
2073 inequal_method = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.DelegateInequal.Resolve (b.loc);
2075 throw new NotImplementedException (left.GetSignatureForError ());
2078 method = inequal_method;
2081 return new UserOperatorCall (method, args, b.CreateExpressionTree, b.loc);
2085 class PredefinedPointerOperator : PredefinedOperator
2087 public PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask)
2088 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask)
2092 public PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec retType)
2093 : base (ltype, rtype, op_mask, retType)
2097 public PredefinedPointerOperator (TypeSpec type, Operator op_mask, TypeSpec return_type)
2098 : base (type, op_mask, return_type)
2102 public override bool IsApplicable (ResolveContext ec, Expression lexpr, Expression rexpr)
2105 if (!lexpr.Type.IsPointer)
2108 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, lexpr, left))
2112 if (right == null) {
2113 if (!rexpr.Type.IsPointer)
2116 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, rexpr, right))
2123 public override Expression ConvertResult (ResolveContext ec, Binary b)
2126 b.left = EmptyCast.Create (b.left, left);
2127 } else if (right != null) {
2128 b.right = EmptyCast.Create (b.right, right);
2131 TypeSpec r_type = ReturnType;
2132 Expression left_arg, right_arg;
2133 if (r_type == null) {
2136 right_arg = b.right;
2137 r_type = b.left.Type;
2141 r_type = b.right.Type;
2145 right_arg = b.right;
2148 return new PointerArithmetic (b.oper, left_arg, right_arg, r_type, b.loc).Resolve (ec);
2153 public enum Operator {
2154 Multiply = 0 | ArithmeticMask,
2155 Division = 1 | ArithmeticMask,
2156 Modulus = 2 | ArithmeticMask,
2157 Addition = 3 | ArithmeticMask | AdditionMask,
2158 Subtraction = 4 | ArithmeticMask | SubtractionMask,
2160 LeftShift = 5 | ShiftMask,
2161 RightShift = 6 | ShiftMask,
2163 LessThan = 7 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
2164 GreaterThan = 8 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
2165 LessThanOrEqual = 9 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
2166 GreaterThanOrEqual = 10 | ComparisonMask | RelationalMask,
2167 Equality = 11 | ComparisonMask | EqualityMask,
2168 Inequality = 12 | ComparisonMask | EqualityMask,
2170 BitwiseAnd = 13 | BitwiseMask,
2171 ExclusiveOr = 14 | BitwiseMask,
2172 BitwiseOr = 15 | BitwiseMask,
2174 LogicalAnd = 16 | LogicalMask,
2175 LogicalOr = 17 | LogicalMask,
2180 ValuesOnlyMask = ArithmeticMask - 1,
2181 ArithmeticMask = 1 << 5,
2183 ComparisonMask = 1 << 7,
2184 EqualityMask = 1 << 8,
2185 BitwiseMask = 1 << 9,
2186 LogicalMask = 1 << 10,
2187 AdditionMask = 1 << 11,
2188 SubtractionMask = 1 << 12,
2189 RelationalMask = 1 << 13
2192 protected enum State
2196 LeftNullLifted = 1 << 2,
2197 RightNullLifted = 1 << 3
2200 readonly Operator oper;
2201 protected Expression left, right;
2202 protected State state;
2203 Expression enum_conversion;
2205 public Binary (Operator oper, Expression left, Expression right, bool isCompound)
2206 : this (oper, left, right)
2209 state |= State.Compound;
2212 public Binary (Operator oper, Expression left, Expression right)
2217 this.loc = left.Location;
2222 public bool IsCompound {
2224 return (state & State.Compound) != 0;
2228 public Operator Oper {
2234 public Expression Left {
2240 public Expression Right {
2249 /// Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
2251 string OperName (Operator oper)
2255 case Operator.Multiply:
2258 case Operator.Division:
2261 case Operator.Modulus:
2264 case Operator.Addition:
2267 case Operator.Subtraction:
2270 case Operator.LeftShift:
2273 case Operator.RightShift:
2276 case Operator.LessThan:
2279 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2282 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2285 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2288 case Operator.Equality:
2291 case Operator.Inequality:
2294 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2297 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2300 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2303 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2306 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2310 s = oper.ToString ();
2320 public static void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right, Operator oper, Location loc)
2322 new Binary (oper, left, right).Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left, right);
2325 public static void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right, string oper, Location loc)
2327 if (left.Type == InternalType.ErrorType || right.Type == InternalType.ErrorType)
2331 l = TypeManager.CSharpName (left.Type);
2332 r = TypeManager.CSharpName (right.Type);
2334 ec.Report.Error (19, loc, "Operator `{0}' cannot be applied to operands of type `{1}' and `{2}'",
2338 protected void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right)
2340 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left, right, OperName (oper), loc);
2344 // Converts operator to System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionType enum name
2346 string GetOperatorExpressionTypeName ()
2349 case Operator.Addition:
2350 return IsCompound ? "AddAssign" : "Add";
2351 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2352 return IsCompound ? "AndAssign" : "And";
2353 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2354 return IsCompound ? "OrAssign" : "Or";
2355 case Operator.Division:
2356 return IsCompound ? "DivideAssign" : "Divide";
2357 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2358 return IsCompound ? "ExclusiveOrAssign" : "ExclusiveOr";
2359 case Operator.Equality:
2361 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2362 return "GreaterThan";
2363 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2364 return "GreaterThanOrEqual";
2365 case Operator.Inequality:
2367 case Operator.LeftShift:
2368 return IsCompound ? "LeftShiftAssign" : "LeftShift";
2369 case Operator.LessThan:
2371 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2372 return "LessThanOrEqual";
2373 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2375 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2377 case Operator.Modulus:
2378 return IsCompound ? "ModuloAssign" : "Modulo";
2379 case Operator.Multiply:
2380 return IsCompound ? "MultiplyAssign" : "Multiply";
2381 case Operator.RightShift:
2382 return IsCompound ? "RightShiftAssign" : "RightShift";
2383 case Operator.Subtraction:
2384 return IsCompound ? "SubtractAssign" : "Subtract";
2386 throw new NotImplementedException ("Unknown expression type operator " + oper.ToString ());
2390 static CSharp.Operator.OpType ConvertBinaryToUserOperator (Operator op)
2393 case Operator.Addition:
2394 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Addition;
2395 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2396 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
2397 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.BitwiseAnd;
2398 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2399 case Operator.LogicalOr:
2400 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.BitwiseOr;
2401 case Operator.Division:
2402 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Division;
2403 case Operator.Equality:
2404 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Equality;
2405 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2406 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.ExclusiveOr;
2407 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2408 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.GreaterThan;
2409 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2410 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.GreaterThanOrEqual;
2411 case Operator.Inequality:
2412 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Inequality;
2413 case Operator.LeftShift:
2414 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.LeftShift;
2415 case Operator.LessThan:
2416 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.LessThan;
2417 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2418 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.LessThanOrEqual;
2419 case Operator.Modulus:
2420 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Modulus;
2421 case Operator.Multiply:
2422 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Multiply;
2423 case Operator.RightShift:
2424 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.RightShift;
2425 case Operator.Subtraction:
2426 return CSharp.Operator.OpType.Subtraction;
2428 throw new InternalErrorException (op.ToString ());
2432 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
2434 return left.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || right.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
2437 public static void EmitOperatorOpcode (EmitContext ec, Operator oper, TypeSpec l)
2442 case Operator.Multiply:
2443 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
2444 if (l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int || l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long)
2445 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf;
2446 else if (!IsFloat (l))
2447 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un;
2449 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2451 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
2455 case Operator.Division:
2457 opcode = OpCodes.Div_Un;
2459 opcode = OpCodes.Div;
2462 case Operator.Modulus:
2464 opcode = OpCodes.Rem_Un;
2466 opcode = OpCodes.Rem;
2469 case Operator.Addition:
2470 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
2471 if (l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int || l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long)
2472 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf;
2473 else if (!IsFloat (l))
2474 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf_Un;
2476 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
2478 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
2481 case Operator.Subtraction:
2482 if (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
2483 if (l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int || l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long)
2484 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf;
2485 else if (!IsFloat (l))
2486 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf_Un;
2488 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2490 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
2493 case Operator.RightShift:
2495 opcode = OpCodes.Shr_Un;
2497 opcode = OpCodes.Shr;
2500 case Operator.LeftShift:
2501 opcode = OpCodes.Shl;
2504 case Operator.Equality:
2505 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2508 case Operator.Inequality:
2509 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
2512 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2515 case Operator.LessThan:
2517 opcode = OpCodes.Clt_Un;
2519 opcode = OpCodes.Clt;
2522 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2524 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt_Un;
2526 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt;
2529 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2530 if (IsUnsigned (l) || IsFloat (l))
2531 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
2533 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt);
2536 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2539 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2540 if (IsUnsigned (l) || IsFloat (l))
2541 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Clt_Un);
2543 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Clt);
2547 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
2550 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2551 opcode = OpCodes.Or;
2554 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2555 opcode = OpCodes.And;
2558 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2559 opcode = OpCodes.Xor;
2563 throw new InternalErrorException (oper.ToString ());
2569 static bool IsUnsigned (TypeSpec t)
2571 switch (t.BuiltinType) {
2572 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
2573 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
2574 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
2575 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
2576 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
2583 static bool IsFloat (TypeSpec t)
2585 return t.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float || t.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double;
2588 Expression ResolveOperator (ResolveContext ec)
2590 TypeSpec l = left.Type;
2591 TypeSpec r = right.Type;
2593 bool primitives_only = false;
2596 // Handles predefined primitive types
2598 if (BuiltinTypeSpec.IsPrimitiveType (l) && BuiltinTypeSpec.IsPrimitiveType (r)) {
2599 if ((oper & Operator.ShiftMask) == 0) {
2600 if (l.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool && !DoBinaryOperatorPromotion (ec))
2603 primitives_only = true;
2607 if (l.IsPointer || r.IsPointer)
2608 return ResolveOperatorPointer (ec, l, r);
2611 bool lenum = l.IsEnum;
2612 bool renum = r.IsEnum;
2613 if (lenum || renum) {
2614 expr = ResolveOperatorEnum (ec, lenum, renum, l, r);
2621 if ((oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction) && (l.IsDelegate || r.IsDelegate)) {
2623 expr = ResolveOperatorDelegate (ec, l, r);
2625 // TODO: Can this be ambiguous
2631 expr = ResolveUserOperator (ec, left, right);
2635 // Predefined reference types equality
2636 if ((oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0) {
2637 expr = ResolveOperatorEquality (ec, l, r);
2643 return ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, ec.BuiltinTypes.OperatorsBinaryStandard, primitives_only, null);
2646 // at least one of 'left' or 'right' is an enumeration constant (EnumConstant or SideEffectConstant or ...)
2647 // if 'left' is not an enumeration constant, create one from the type of 'right'
2648 Constant EnumLiftUp (ResolveContext ec, Constant left, Constant right, Location loc)
2651 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
2652 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
2653 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
2654 case Operator.Equality:
2655 case Operator.Inequality:
2656 case Operator.LessThan:
2657 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2658 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2659 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2660 if (left.Type.IsEnum)
2663 if (left.IsZeroInteger)
2664 return left.TryReduce (ec, right.Type);
2668 case Operator.Addition:
2669 case Operator.Subtraction:
2672 case Operator.Multiply:
2673 case Operator.Division:
2674 case Operator.Modulus:
2675 case Operator.LeftShift:
2676 case Operator.RightShift:
2677 if (right.Type.IsEnum || left.Type.IsEnum)
2686 // The `|' operator used on types which were extended is dangerous
2688 void CheckBitwiseOrOnSignExtended (ResolveContext ec)
2690 OpcodeCast lcast = left as OpcodeCast;
2691 if (lcast != null) {
2692 if (IsUnsigned (lcast.UnderlyingType))
2696 OpcodeCast rcast = right as OpcodeCast;
2697 if (rcast != null) {
2698 if (IsUnsigned (rcast.UnderlyingType))
2702 if (lcast == null && rcast == null)
2705 // FIXME: consider constants
2707 ec.Report.Warning (675, 3, loc,
2708 "The operator `|' used on the sign-extended type `{0}'. Consider casting to a smaller unsigned type first",
2709 TypeManager.CSharpName (lcast != null ? lcast.UnderlyingType : rcast.UnderlyingType));
2712 public static PredefinedOperator[] CreatePointerOperatorsTable (BuiltinTypes types)
2714 return new PredefinedOperator[] {
2716 // Pointer arithmetic:
2718 // T* operator + (T* x, int y); T* operator - (T* x, int y);
2719 // T* operator + (T* x, uint y); T* operator - (T* x, uint y);
2720 // T* operator + (T* x, long y); T* operator - (T* x, long y);
2721 // T* operator + (T* x, ulong y); T* operator - (T* x, ulong y);
2723 new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, types.Int, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask),
2724 new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, types.UInt, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask),
2725 new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, types.Long, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask),
2726 new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, types.ULong, Operator.AdditionMask | Operator.SubtractionMask),
2729 // T* operator + (int y, T* x);
2730 // T* operator + (uint y, T *x);
2731 // T* operator + (long y, T *x);
2732 // T* operator + (ulong y, T *x);
2734 new PredefinedPointerOperator (types.Int, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null),
2735 new PredefinedPointerOperator (types.UInt, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null),
2736 new PredefinedPointerOperator (types.Long, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null),
2737 new PredefinedPointerOperator (types.ULong, null, Operator.AdditionMask, null),
2740 // long operator - (T* x, T *y)
2742 new PredefinedPointerOperator (null, Operator.SubtractionMask, types.Long)
2746 public static PredefinedOperator[] CreateStandardOperatorsTable (BuiltinTypes types)
2748 TypeSpec bool_type = types.Bool;
2749 return new PredefinedOperator[] {
2750 new PredefinedOperator (types.Int, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask),
2751 new PredefinedOperator (types.UInt, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask),
2752 new PredefinedOperator (types.Long, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask),
2753 new PredefinedOperator (types.ULong, Operator.ArithmeticMask | Operator.BitwiseMask),
2754 new PredefinedOperator (types.Float, Operator.ArithmeticMask),
2755 new PredefinedOperator (types.Double, Operator.ArithmeticMask),
2756 new PredefinedOperator (types.Decimal, Operator.ArithmeticMask),
2758 new PredefinedOperator (types.Int, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2759 new PredefinedOperator (types.UInt, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2760 new PredefinedOperator (types.Long, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2761 new PredefinedOperator (types.ULong, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2762 new PredefinedOperator (types.Float, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2763 new PredefinedOperator (types.Double, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2764 new PredefinedOperator (types.Decimal, Operator.ComparisonMask, bool_type),
2766 new PredefinedStringOperator (types.String, Operator.AdditionMask, types.String),
2767 new PredefinedStringOperator (types.String, types.Object, Operator.AdditionMask, types.String),
2768 new PredefinedStringOperator (types.Object, types.String, Operator.AdditionMask, types.String),
2770 new PredefinedOperator (bool_type, Operator.BitwiseMask | Operator.LogicalMask | Operator.EqualityMask, bool_type),
2772 new PredefinedShiftOperator (types.Int, types.Int, Operator.ShiftMask),
2773 new PredefinedShiftOperator (types.UInt, types.Int, Operator.ShiftMask),
2774 new PredefinedShiftOperator (types.Long, types.Int, Operator.ShiftMask),
2775 new PredefinedShiftOperator (types.ULong, types.Int, Operator.ShiftMask)
2779 public static PredefinedOperator[] CreateEqualityOperatorsTable (BuiltinTypes types)
2781 TypeSpec bool_type = types.Bool;
2783 return new PredefinedOperator[] {
2784 new PredefinedEqualityOperator (types.String, bool_type),
2785 new PredefinedEqualityOperator (types.Delegate, bool_type),
2786 new PredefinedOperator (bool_type, Operator.EqualityMask, bool_type)
2791 // Rules used during binary numeric promotion
2793 static bool DoNumericPromotion (ResolveContext rc, ref Expression prim_expr, ref Expression second_expr, TypeSpec type)
2797 Constant c = prim_expr as Constant;
2799 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (type);
2806 if (type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt) {
2807 switch (prim_expr.Type.BuiltinType) {
2808 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
2809 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
2810 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
2811 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
2812 type = rc.BuiltinTypes.Long;
2814 if (type != second_expr.Type) {
2815 c = second_expr as Constant;
2817 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (type);
2819 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (second_expr, type);
2826 } else if (type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong) {
2828 // A compile-time error occurs if the other operand is of type sbyte, short, int, or long
2830 switch (type.BuiltinType) {
2831 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
2832 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
2833 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
2834 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
2839 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (prim_expr, type);
2848 // 7.2.6.2 Binary numeric promotions
2850 public bool DoBinaryOperatorPromotion (ResolveContext ec)
2852 TypeSpec ltype = left.Type;
2853 TypeSpec rtype = right.Type;
2856 foreach (TypeSpec t in ec.BuiltinTypes.BinaryPromotionsTypes) {
2858 return t == rtype || DoNumericPromotion (ec, ref right, ref left, t);
2861 return t == ltype || DoNumericPromotion (ec, ref left, ref right, t);
2864 TypeSpec int32 = ec.BuiltinTypes.Int;
2865 if (ltype != int32) {
2866 Constant c = left as Constant;
2868 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (int32);
2870 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (left, int32);
2877 if (rtype != int32) {
2878 Constant c = right as Constant;
2880 temp = c.ConvertImplicitly (int32);
2882 temp = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (right, int32);
2892 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
2897 if ((oper == Operator.Subtraction) && (left is ParenthesizedExpression)) {
2898 left = ((ParenthesizedExpression) left).Expr;
2899 left = left.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type);
2903 if (left.eclass == ExprClass.Type) {
2904 ec.Report.Error (75, loc, "To cast a negative value, you must enclose the value in parentheses");
2908 left = left.Resolve (ec);
2913 Constant lc = left as Constant;
2915 if (lc != null && lc.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool &&
2916 ((oper == Operator.LogicalAnd && lc.IsDefaultValue) ||
2917 (oper == Operator.LogicalOr && !lc.IsDefaultValue))) {
2919 // FIXME: resolve right expression as unreachable
2920 // right.Resolve (ec);
2922 ec.Report.Warning (429, 4, loc, "Unreachable expression code detected");
2926 right = right.Resolve (ec);
2930 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
2931 Constant rc = right as Constant;
2933 // The conversion rules are ignored in enum context but why
2934 if (!ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.EnumScope) && lc != null && rc != null && (left.Type.IsEnum || right.Type.IsEnum)) {
2935 lc = EnumLiftUp (ec, lc, rc, loc);
2937 rc = EnumLiftUp (ec, rc, lc, loc);
2940 if (rc != null && lc != null) {
2941 int prev_e = ec.Report.Errors;
2942 Expression e = ConstantFold.BinaryFold (ec, oper, lc, rc, loc);
2943 if (e != null || ec.Report.Errors != prev_e)
2947 // Comparison warnings
2948 if ((oper & Operator.ComparisonMask) != 0) {
2949 if (left.Equals (right)) {
2950 ec.Report.Warning (1718, 3, loc, "A comparison made to same variable. Did you mean to compare something else?");
2952 CheckOutOfRangeComparison (ec, lc, right.Type);
2953 CheckOutOfRangeComparison (ec, rc, left.Type);
2956 if (left.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic || right.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
2958 var rt = right.Type;
2959 if (lt.Kind == MemberKind.Void || lt == InternalType.MethodGroup || lt == InternalType.AnonymousMethod ||
2960 rt.Kind == MemberKind.Void || rt == InternalType.MethodGroup || rt == InternalType.AnonymousMethod) {
2961 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left, right);
2968 // Special handling for logical boolean operators which require rhs not to be
2969 // evaluated based on lhs value
2971 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0) {
2972 Expression cond_left, cond_right, expr;
2974 args = new Arguments (2);
2976 if (lt.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
2977 LocalVariable temp = LocalVariable.CreateCompilerGenerated (lt, ec.CurrentBlock, loc);
2979 var cond_args = new Arguments (1);
2980 cond_args.Add (new Argument (new SimpleAssign (temp.CreateReferenceExpression (ec, loc), left).Resolve (ec)));
2983 // dynamic && bool => IsFalse (temp = left) ? temp : temp && right;
2984 // dynamic || bool => IsTrue (temp = left) ? temp : temp || right;
2986 left = temp.CreateReferenceExpression (ec, loc);
2987 if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
2988 expr = DynamicUnaryConversion.CreateIsFalse (ec, cond_args, loc);
2991 expr = DynamicUnaryConversion.CreateIsTrue (ec, cond_args, loc);
2995 args.Add (new Argument (left));
2996 args.Add (new Argument (right));
2997 cond_right = new DynamicExpressionStatement (this, args, loc);
2999 LocalVariable temp = LocalVariable.CreateCompilerGenerated (ec.BuiltinTypes.Bool, ec.CurrentBlock, loc);
3001 args.Add (new Argument (temp.CreateReferenceExpression (ec, loc).Resolve (ec)));
3002 args.Add (new Argument (right));
3003 right = new DynamicExpressionStatement (this, args, loc);
3006 // bool && dynamic => (temp = left) ? temp && right : temp;
3007 // bool || dynamic => (temp = left) ? temp : temp || right;
3009 if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
3011 cond_right = temp.CreateReferenceExpression (ec, loc);
3013 cond_left = temp.CreateReferenceExpression (ec, loc);
3017 expr = new BooleanExpression (new SimpleAssign (temp.CreateReferenceExpression (ec, loc), left));
3020 return new Conditional (expr, cond_left, cond_right, loc).Resolve (ec);
3023 args = new Arguments (2);
3024 args.Add (new Argument (left));
3025 args.Add (new Argument (right));
3026 return new DynamicExpressionStatement (this, args, loc).Resolve (ec);
3029 if (ec.Module.Compiler.Settings.Version >= LanguageVersion.ISO_2 &&
3030 ((left.Type.IsNullableType && (right is NullLiteral || right.Type.IsNullableType || TypeSpec.IsValueType (right.Type))) ||
3031 (TypeSpec.IsValueType (left.Type) && right is NullLiteral) ||
3032 (right.Type.IsNullableType && (left is NullLiteral || left.Type.IsNullableType || TypeSpec.IsValueType (left.Type))) ||
3033 (TypeSpec.IsValueType (right.Type) && left is NullLiteral))) {
3034 var lifted = new Nullable.LiftedBinaryOperator (oper, left, right);
3035 lifted.state = state;
3036 return lifted.Resolve (ec);
3039 return DoResolveCore (ec, left, right);
3042 protected Expression DoResolveCore (ResolveContext ec, Expression left_orig, Expression right_orig)
3044 Expression expr = ResolveOperator (ec);
3046 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ec, left_orig, right_orig);
3048 if (left == null || right == null)
3049 throw new InternalErrorException ("Invalid conversion");
3051 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseOr)
3052 CheckBitwiseOrOnSignExtended (ec);
3057 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
3059 var le = left.MakeExpression (ctx);
3060 var re = right.MakeExpression (ctx);
3061 bool is_checked = ctx.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.CheckedScope);
3064 case Operator.Addition:
3065 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.AddChecked (le, re) : SLE.Expression.Add (le, re);
3066 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
3067 return SLE.Expression.And (le, re);
3068 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
3069 return SLE.Expression.Or (le, re);
3070 case Operator.Division:
3071 return SLE.Expression.Divide (le, re);
3072 case Operator.Equality:
3073 return SLE.Expression.Equal (le, re);
3074 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
3075 return SLE.Expression.ExclusiveOr (le, re);
3076 case Operator.GreaterThan:
3077 return SLE.Expression.GreaterThan (le, re);
3078 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
3079 return SLE.Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual (le, re);
3080 case Operator.Inequality:
3081 return SLE.Expression.NotEqual (le, re);
3082 case Operator.LeftShift:
3083 return SLE.Expression.LeftShift (le, re);
3084 case Operator.LessThan:
3085 return SLE.Expression.LessThan (le, re);
3086 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
3087 return SLE.Expression.LessThanOrEqual (le, re);
3088 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
3089 return SLE.Expression.AndAlso (le, re);
3090 case Operator.LogicalOr:
3091 return SLE.Expression.OrElse (le, re);
3092 case Operator.Modulus:
3093 return SLE.Expression.Modulo (le, re);
3094 case Operator.Multiply:
3095 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.MultiplyChecked (le, re) : SLE.Expression.Multiply (le, re);
3096 case Operator.RightShift:
3097 return SLE.Expression.RightShift (le, re);
3098 case Operator.Subtraction:
3099 return is_checked ? SLE.Expression.SubtractChecked (le, re) : SLE.Expression.Subtract (le, re);
3101 throw new NotImplementedException (oper.ToString ());
3106 // D operator + (D x, D y)
3107 // D operator - (D x, D y)
3109 Expression ResolveOperatorDelegate (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec l, TypeSpec r)
3111 if (l != r && !TypeSpecComparer.Variant.IsEqual (r, l)) {
3113 if (right.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup || r == InternalType.AnonymousMethod || r == InternalType.NullLiteral) {
3114 tmp = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, right, l, loc);
3119 } else if (left.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup || (l == InternalType.AnonymousMethod || l == InternalType.NullLiteral)) {
3120 tmp = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, left, r, loc);
3130 MethodSpec method = null;
3131 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
3132 args.Add (new Argument (left));
3133 args.Add (new Argument (right));
3135 if (oper == Operator.Addition) {
3136 method = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.DelegateCombine.Resolve (loc);
3137 } else if (oper == Operator.Subtraction) {
3138 method = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.DelegateRemove.Resolve (loc);
3142 return new EmptyExpression (ec.BuiltinTypes.Decimal);
3144 MethodGroupExpr mg = MethodGroupExpr.CreatePredefined (method, ec.BuiltinTypes.Delegate, loc);
3145 Expression expr = new UserOperatorCall (mg.BestCandidate, args, CreateExpressionTree, loc);
3146 return new ClassCast (expr, l);
3150 // Enumeration operators
3152 Expression ResolveOperatorEnum (ResolveContext ec, bool lenum, bool renum, TypeSpec ltype, TypeSpec rtype)
3155 // bool operator == (E x, E y);
3156 // bool operator != (E x, E y);
3157 // bool operator < (E x, E y);
3158 // bool operator > (E x, E y);
3159 // bool operator <= (E x, E y);
3160 // bool operator >= (E x, E y);
3162 // E operator & (E x, E y);
3163 // E operator | (E x, E y);
3164 // E operator ^ (E x, E y);
3166 // U operator - (E e, E f)
3167 // E operator - (E e, U x)
3168 // E operator - (U x, E e) // LAMESPEC: Not covered by the specification
3170 // E operator + (E e, U x)
3171 // E operator + (U x, E e)
3173 Expression ltemp = left;
3174 Expression rtemp = right;
3175 TypeSpec underlying_type;
3176 TypeSpec underlying_type_result;
3181 // LAMESPEC: There is never ambiguous conversion between enum operators
3182 // the one which contains more enum parameters always wins even if there
3183 // is an implicit conversion involved
3185 if ((oper & (Operator.ComparisonMask | Operator.BitwiseMask)) != 0) {
3187 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (rtype);
3188 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, rtype, loc);
3195 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (ltype);
3196 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, ltype, loc);
3206 if ((oper & Operator.BitwiseMask) != 0) {
3208 underlying_type_result = underlying_type;
3211 underlying_type_result = null;
3213 } else if (oper == Operator.Subtraction) {
3215 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (rtype);
3216 if (ltype != rtype) {
3217 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, rtype, left.Location);
3219 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, underlying_type, left.Location);
3225 res_type = underlying_type;
3230 res_type = underlying_type;
3233 underlying_type_result = underlying_type;
3235 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (ltype);
3236 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, ltype, right.Location);
3237 if (expr == null || expr is EnumConstant) {
3238 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, underlying_type, right.Location);
3244 res_type = underlying_type;
3248 underlying_type_result = underlying_type;
3252 } else if (oper == Operator.Addition) {
3254 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (ltype);
3257 if (rtype != underlying_type && (state & (State.RightNullLifted | State.LeftNullLifted)) == 0) {
3258 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, underlying_type, right.Location);
3265 underlying_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (rtype);
3267 if (ltype != underlying_type) {
3268 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, underlying_type, left.Location);
3276 underlying_type_result = underlying_type;
3281 // Unwrap the constant correctly, so DoBinaryOperatorPromotion can do the magic
3282 // with constants and expressions
3283 if (left.Type != underlying_type) {
3284 if (left is Constant)
3285 left = ((Constant) left).ConvertExplicitly (false, underlying_type);
3287 left = EmptyCast.Create (left, underlying_type);
3290 if (right.Type != underlying_type) {
3291 if (right is Constant)
3292 right = ((Constant) right).ConvertExplicitly (false, underlying_type);
3294 right = EmptyCast.Create (right, underlying_type);
3298 // C# specification uses explicit cast syntax which means binary promotion
3299 // should happen, however it seems that csc does not do that
3301 if (!DoBinaryOperatorPromotion (ec)) {
3307 if (underlying_type_result != null && left.Type != underlying_type_result) {
3308 enum_conversion = Convert.ExplicitNumericConversion (ec, new EmptyExpression (left.Type), underlying_type_result);
3311 expr = ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, ec.BuiltinTypes.OperatorsBinaryStandard, true, res_type);
3323 // If the return type of the selected operator is implicitly convertible to the type of x
3325 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, expr, ltype))
3329 // Otherwise, if the selected operator is a predefined operator, if the return type of the
3330 // selected operator is explicitly convertible to the type of x, and if y is implicitly
3331 // convertible to the type of x or the operator is a shift operator, then the operation
3332 // is evaluated as x = (T)(x op y), where T is the type of x
3334 expr = Convert.ExplicitConversion (ec, expr, ltype, loc);
3338 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, ltemp, ltype))
3345 // 7.9.6 Reference type equality operators
3347 Expression ResolveOperatorEquality (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec l, TypeSpec r)
3350 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Bool;
3353 // a, Both operands are reference-type values or the value null
3354 // b, One operand is a value of type T where T is a type-parameter and
3355 // the other operand is the value null. Furthermore T does not have the
3356 // value type constraint
3358 // LAMESPEC: Very confusing details in the specification, basically any
3359 // reference like type-parameter is allowed
3361 var tparam_l = l as TypeParameterSpec;
3362 var tparam_r = r as TypeParameterSpec;
3363 if (tparam_l != null) {
3364 if (right is NullLiteral && !tparam_l.HasSpecialStruct) {
3365 left = new BoxedCast (left, ec.BuiltinTypes.Object);
3369 if (!tparam_l.IsReferenceType)
3372 l = tparam_l.GetEffectiveBase ();
3373 left = new BoxedCast (left, l);
3374 } else if (left is NullLiteral && tparam_r == null) {
3375 if (!TypeSpec.IsReferenceType (r) || r.Kind == MemberKind.InternalCompilerType)
3381 if (tparam_r != null) {
3382 if (left is NullLiteral && !tparam_r.HasSpecialStruct) {
3383 right = new BoxedCast (right, ec.BuiltinTypes.Object);
3387 if (!tparam_r.IsReferenceType)
3390 r = tparam_r.GetEffectiveBase ();
3391 right = new BoxedCast (right, r);
3392 } else if (right is NullLiteral) {
3393 if (!TypeSpec.IsReferenceType (l) || l.Kind == MemberKind.InternalCompilerType)
3399 bool no_arg_conv = false;
3402 // LAMESPEC: method groups can be compared when they convert to other side delegate
3405 if (right.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup) {
3406 result = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, l, loc);
3412 } else if (r.IsDelegate && l != r) {
3415 } else if (left.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup && r.IsDelegate) {
3416 result = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, left, r, loc);
3423 no_arg_conv = l == r && !l.IsStruct;
3427 // bool operator != (string a, string b)
3428 // bool operator == (string a, string b)
3430 // bool operator != (Delegate a, Delegate b)
3431 // bool operator == (Delegate a, Delegate b)
3433 // bool operator != (bool a, bool b)
3434 // bool operator == (bool a, bool b)
3436 // LAMESPEC: Reference equality comparison can apply to value/reference types when
3437 // they implement an implicit conversion to any of types above. This does
3438 // not apply when both operands are of same reference type
3440 if (r.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Object && l.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Object) {
3441 result = ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, ec.BuiltinTypes.OperatorsBinaryEquality, no_arg_conv, null);
3447 // bool operator != (object a, object b)
3448 // bool operator == (object a, object b)
3450 // An explicit reference conversion exists from the
3451 // type of either operand to the type of the other operand.
3454 // Optimize common path
3456 return l.Kind == MemberKind.InternalCompilerType || l.Kind == MemberKind.Struct ? null : this;
3459 if (!Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (l, r) &&
3460 !Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (r, l))
3463 // Reject allowed explicit conversions like int->object
3464 if (!TypeSpec.IsReferenceType (l) || !TypeSpec.IsReferenceType (r))
3467 if (l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.String || l.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Delegate || MemberCache.GetUserOperator (l, CSharp.Operator.OpType.Equality, false) != null)
3468 ec.Report.Warning (253, 2, loc,
3469 "Possible unintended reference comparison. Consider casting the right side expression to type `{0}' to get value comparison",
3470 l.GetSignatureForError ());
3472 if (r.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.String || r.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Delegate || MemberCache.GetUserOperator (r, CSharp.Operator.OpType.Equality, false) != null)
3473 ec.Report.Warning (252, 2, loc,
3474 "Possible unintended reference comparison. Consider casting the left side expression to type `{0}' to get value comparison",
3475 r.GetSignatureForError ());
3481 Expression ResolveOperatorPointer (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec l, TypeSpec r)
3484 // bool operator == (void* x, void* y);
3485 // bool operator != (void* x, void* y);
3486 // bool operator < (void* x, void* y);
3487 // bool operator > (void* x, void* y);
3488 // bool operator <= (void* x, void* y);
3489 // bool operator >= (void* x, void* y);
3491 if ((oper & Operator.ComparisonMask) != 0) {
3494 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, r, left.Location);
3501 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, l, right.Location);
3507 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Bool;
3511 return ResolveOperatorPredefined (ec, ec.BuiltinTypes.OperatorsBinaryUnsafe, false, null);
3515 // Build-in operators method overloading
3517 protected virtual Expression ResolveOperatorPredefined (ResolveContext ec, PredefinedOperator [] operators, bool primitives_only, TypeSpec enum_type)
3519 PredefinedOperator best_operator = null;
3520 TypeSpec l = left.Type;
3521 TypeSpec r = right.Type;
3522 Operator oper_mask = oper & ~Operator.ValuesOnlyMask;
3524 foreach (PredefinedOperator po in operators) {
3525 if ((po.OperatorsMask & oper_mask) == 0)
3528 if (primitives_only) {
3529 if (!po.IsPrimitiveApplicable (l, r))
3532 if (!po.IsApplicable (ec, left, right))
3536 if (best_operator == null) {
3538 if (primitives_only)
3544 best_operator = po.ResolveBetterOperator (ec, best_operator);
3546 if (best_operator == null) {
3547 ec.Report.Error (34, loc, "Operator `{0}' is ambiguous on operands of type `{1}' and `{2}'",
3548 OperName (oper), TypeManager.CSharpName (l), TypeManager.CSharpName (r));
3555 if (best_operator == null)
3558 Expression expr = best_operator.ConvertResult (ec, this);
3561 // Optimize &/&& constant expressions with 0 value
3563 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd || oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
3564 Constant rc = right as Constant;
3565 Constant lc = left as Constant;
3566 if (((lc != null && lc.IsDefaultValue) || (rc != null && rc.IsDefaultValue)) && !(this is Nullable.LiftedBinaryOperator)) {
3568 // The result is a constant with side-effect
3570 Constant side_effect = rc == null ?
3571 new SideEffectConstant (lc, right, loc) :
3572 new SideEffectConstant (rc, left, loc);
3574 return ReducedExpression.Create (side_effect, expr);
3578 if (enum_type == null)
3582 // HACK: required by enum_conversion
3584 expr.Type = enum_type;
3585 return EmptyCast.Create (expr, enum_type);
3589 // Performs user-operator overloading
3591 protected virtual Expression ResolveUserOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression left, Expression right)
3593 var op = ConvertBinaryToUserOperator (oper);
3595 if (l.IsNullableType)
3596 l = Nullable.NullableInfo.GetUnderlyingType (l);
3598 if (r.IsNullableType)
3599 r = Nullable.NullableInfo.GetUnderlyingType (r);
3601 IList<MemberSpec> left_operators = MemberCache.GetUserOperator (l, op, false);
3602 IList<MemberSpec> right_operators = null;
3605 right_operators = MemberCache.GetUserOperator (r, op, false);
3606 if (right_operators == null && left_operators == null)
3608 } else if (left_operators == null) {
3612 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
3613 Argument larg = new Argument (left);
3615 Argument rarg = new Argument (right);
3619 // User-defined operator implementations always take precedence
3620 // over predefined operator implementations
3622 if (left_operators != null && right_operators != null) {
3623 left_operators = CombineUserOperators (left_operators, right_operators);
3624 } else if (right_operators != null) {
3625 left_operators = right_operators;
3628 var res = new OverloadResolver (left_operators, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.ProbingOnly |
3629 OverloadResolver.Restrictions.NoBaseMembers | OverloadResolver.Restrictions.BaseMembersIncluded, loc);
3631 var oper_method = res.ResolveOperator (ec, ref args);
3632 if (oper_method == null)
3635 var llifted = (state & State.LeftNullLifted) != 0;
3636 var rlifted = (state & State.RightNullLifted) != 0;
3637 if ((Oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0) {
3638 var parameters = oper_method.Parameters;
3639 // LAMESPEC: No idea why this is not allowed
3640 if ((left is Nullable.Unwrap || right is Nullable.Unwrap) && parameters.Types [0] != parameters.Types [1])
3643 // Binary operation was lifted but we have found a user operator
3644 // which requires value-type argument, we downgrade ourself back to
3646 // LAMESPEC: The user operator is not called (it cannot be we are passing null to struct)
3647 // but compilation succeeds
3648 if ((llifted && !parameters.Types[0].IsStruct) || (rlifted && !parameters.Types[1].IsStruct)) {
3649 state &= ~(State.LeftNullLifted | State.RightNullLifted);
3653 Expression oper_expr;
3655 // TODO: CreateExpressionTree is allocated every time
3656 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0) {
3657 oper_expr = new ConditionalLogicalOperator (oper_method, args, CreateExpressionTree,
3658 oper == Operator.LogicalAnd, loc).Resolve (ec);
3660 oper_expr = new UserOperatorCall (oper_method, args, CreateExpressionTree, loc);
3664 this.left = larg.Expr;
3667 this.right = rarg.Expr;
3673 // Merge two sets of user operators into one, they are mostly distinguish
3674 // except when they share base type and it contains an operator
3676 static IList<MemberSpec> CombineUserOperators (IList<MemberSpec> left, IList<MemberSpec> right)
3678 var combined = new List<MemberSpec> (left.Count + right.Count);
3679 combined.AddRange (left);
3680 foreach (var r in right) {
3682 foreach (var l in left) {
3683 if (l.DeclaringType == r.DeclaringType) {
3696 void CheckOutOfRangeComparison (ResolveContext ec, Constant c, TypeSpec type)
3698 if (c is IntegralConstant || c is CharConstant) {
3700 c.ConvertExplicitly (true, type);
3701 } catch (OverflowException) {
3702 ec.Report.Warning (652, 2, loc,
3703 "A comparison between a constant and a variable is useless. The constant is out of the range of the variable type `{0}'",
3704 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
3710 /// EmitBranchable is called from Statement.EmitBoolExpression in the
3711 /// context of a conditional bool expression. This function will return
3712 /// false if it is was possible to use EmitBranchable, or true if it was.
3714 /// The expression's code is generated, and we will generate a branch to `target'
3715 /// if the resulting expression value is equal to isTrue
3717 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
3720 // This is more complicated than it looks, but its just to avoid
3721 // duplicated tests: basically, we allow ==, !=, >, <, >= and <=
3722 // but on top of that we want for == and != to use a special path
3723 // if we are comparing against null
3725 if ((oper & Operator.EqualityMask) != 0 && (left is Constant || right is Constant)) {
3726 bool my_on_true = oper == Operator.Inequality ? on_true : !on_true;
3729 // put the constant on the rhs, for simplicity
3731 if (left is Constant) {
3732 Expression swap = right;
3738 // brtrue/brfalse works with native int only
3740 if (((Constant) right).IsZeroInteger && right.Type.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long && right.Type.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong) {
3741 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, my_on_true);
3744 if (right.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool) {
3745 // right is a boolean, and it's not 'false' => it is 'true'
3746 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, !my_on_true);
3750 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
3753 Label tests_end = ec.DefineLabel ();
3755 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, false);
3756 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
3757 ec.MarkLabel (tests_end);
3760 // This optimizes code like this
3761 // if (true && i > 4)
3763 if (!(left is Constant))
3764 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
3766 if (!(right is Constant))
3767 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
3772 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr){
3774 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
3775 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
3778 Label tests_end = ec.DefineLabel ();
3779 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, true);
3780 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
3781 ec.MarkLabel (tests_end);
3786 } else if ((oper & Operator.ComparisonMask) == 0) {
3787 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
3794 TypeSpec t = left.Type;
3795 bool is_float = IsFloat (t);
3796 bool is_unsigned = is_float || IsUnsigned (t);
3799 case Operator.Equality:
3801 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
3803 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
3806 case Operator.Inequality:
3808 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
3810 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
3813 case Operator.LessThan:
3815 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3816 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
3818 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
3821 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
3823 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
3826 case Operator.GreaterThan:
3828 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3829 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
3831 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
3834 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
3836 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
3839 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
3841 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3842 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
3844 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
3847 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
3849 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
3853 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
3855 if (is_unsigned && !is_float)
3856 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
3858 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
3861 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
3863 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
3866 throw new InternalErrorException (oper.ToString ());
3870 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3872 EmitOperator (ec, left.Type);
3875 protected virtual void EmitOperator (EmitContext ec, TypeSpec l)
3877 if (ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && right.ContainsEmitWithAwait ()) {
3878 left = left.EmitToField (ec);
3880 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) == 0) {
3881 right = right.EmitToField (ec);
3886 // Handle short-circuit operators differently
3889 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0) {
3890 Label load_result = ec.DefineLabel ();
3891 Label end = ec.DefineLabel ();
3893 bool is_or = oper == Operator.LogicalOr;
3894 left.EmitBranchable (ec, load_result, is_or);
3896 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Br_S, end);
3898 ec.MarkLabel (load_result);
3899 ec.EmitInt (is_or ? 1 : 0);
3905 // Optimize zero-based operations which cannot be optimized at expression level
3907 if (oper == Operator.Subtraction) {
3908 var lc = left as IntegralConstant;
3909 if (lc != null && lc.IsDefaultValue) {
3911 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Neg);
3918 EmitOperatorOpcode (ec, oper, l);
3921 // Nullable enum could require underlying type cast and we cannot simply wrap binary
3922 // expression because that would wrap lifted binary operation
3924 if (enum_conversion != null)
3925 enum_conversion.Emit (ec);
3928 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
3930 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0 ||
3931 (ec.HasSet (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope) && (oper == Operator.Multiply || oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction))) {
3932 base.EmitSideEffect (ec);
3934 left.EmitSideEffect (ec);
3935 right.EmitSideEffect (ec);
3939 public override Expression EmitToField (EmitContext ec)
3941 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) == 0) {
3942 var await_expr = left as Await;
3943 if (await_expr != null && right.IsSideEffectFree) {
3944 await_expr.Statement.EmitPrologue (ec);
3945 left = await_expr.Statement.GetResultExpression (ec);
3949 await_expr = right as Await;
3950 if (await_expr != null && left.IsSideEffectFree) {
3951 await_expr.Statement.EmitPrologue (ec);
3952 right = await_expr.Statement.GetResultExpression (ec);
3957 return base.EmitToField (ec);
3960 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
3962 Binary target = (Binary) t;
3964 target.left = left.Clone (clonectx);
3965 target.right = right.Clone (clonectx);
3968 public Expression CreateCallSiteBinder (ResolveContext ec, Arguments args)
3970 Arguments binder_args = new Arguments (4);
3972 MemberAccess sle = new MemberAccess (new MemberAccess (
3973 new QualifiedAliasMember (QualifiedAliasMember.GlobalAlias, "System", loc), "Linq", loc), "Expressions", loc);
3975 CSharpBinderFlags flags = 0;
3976 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope))
3977 flags = CSharpBinderFlags.CheckedContext;
3979 if ((oper & Operator.LogicalMask) != 0)
3980 flags |= CSharpBinderFlags.BinaryOperationLogical;
3982 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new EnumConstant (new IntLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, (int) flags, loc), ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.BinderFlags.Resolve ())));
3983 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new MemberAccess (new MemberAccess (sle, "ExpressionType", loc), GetOperatorExpressionTypeName (), loc)));
3984 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (ec.CurrentType, loc)));
3985 binder_args.Add (new Argument (new ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (args.CreateDynamicBinderArguments (ec), loc)));
3987 return new Invocation (new MemberAccess (new TypeExpression (ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.Binder.TypeSpec, loc), "BinaryOperation", loc), binder_args);
3990 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
3992 return CreateExpressionTree (ec, null);
3995 Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec, Expression method)
3998 bool lift_arg = false;
4001 case Operator.Addition:
4002 if (method == null && ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type))
4003 method_name = "AddChecked";
4005 method_name = "Add";
4007 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
4008 method_name = "And";
4010 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
4013 case Operator.Division:
4014 method_name = "Divide";
4016 case Operator.Equality:
4017 method_name = "Equal";
4020 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
4021 method_name = "ExclusiveOr";
4023 case Operator.GreaterThan:
4024 method_name = "GreaterThan";
4027 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
4028 method_name = "GreaterThanOrEqual";
4031 case Operator.Inequality:
4032 method_name = "NotEqual";
4035 case Operator.LeftShift:
4036 method_name = "LeftShift";
4038 case Operator.LessThan:
4039 method_name = "LessThan";
4042 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
4043 method_name = "LessThanOrEqual";
4046 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
4047 method_name = "AndAlso";
4049 case Operator.LogicalOr:
4050 method_name = "OrElse";
4052 case Operator.Modulus:
4053 method_name = "Modulo";
4055 case Operator.Multiply:
4056 if (method == null && ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type))
4057 method_name = "MultiplyChecked";
4059 method_name = "Multiply";
4061 case Operator.RightShift:
4062 method_name = "RightShift";
4064 case Operator.Subtraction:
4065 if (method == null && ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope) && !IsFloat (type))
4066 method_name = "SubtractChecked";
4068 method_name = "Subtract";
4072 throw new InternalErrorException ("Unknown expression tree binary operator " + oper);
4075 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
4076 args.Add (new Argument (left.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4077 args.Add (new Argument (right.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4078 if (method != null) {
4080 args.Add (new Argument (new BoolLiteral (ec.BuiltinTypes, false, loc)));
4082 args.Add (new Argument (method));
4085 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, method_name, args);
4088 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
4090 return visitor.Visit (this);
4096 // Represents the operation a + b [+ c [+ d [+ ...]]], where a is a string
4097 // b, c, d... may be strings or objects.
4099 public class StringConcat : Expression
4101 Arguments arguments;
4103 StringConcat (Location loc)
4106 arguments = new Arguments (2);
4109 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
4111 return arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
4114 public static StringConcat Create (ResolveContext rc, Expression left, Expression right, Location loc)
4116 if (left.eclass == ExprClass.Unresolved || right.eclass == ExprClass.Unresolved)
4117 throw new ArgumentException ();
4119 var s = new StringConcat (loc);
4120 s.type = rc.BuiltinTypes.String;
4121 s.eclass = ExprClass.Value;
4123 s.Append (rc, left);
4124 s.Append (rc, right);
4128 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4130 Argument arg = arguments [0];
4131 return CreateExpressionAddCall (ec, arg, arg.CreateExpressionTree (ec), 1);
4135 // Creates nested calls tree from an array of arguments used for IL emit
4137 Expression CreateExpressionAddCall (ResolveContext ec, Argument left, Expression left_etree, int pos)
4139 Arguments concat_args = new Arguments (2);
4140 Arguments add_args = new Arguments (3);
4142 concat_args.Add (left);
4143 add_args.Add (new Argument (left_etree));
4145 concat_args.Add (arguments [pos]);
4146 add_args.Add (new Argument (arguments [pos].CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4148 var methods = GetConcatMethodCandidates ();
4149 if (methods == null)
4152 var res = new OverloadResolver (methods, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.NoBaseMembers, loc);
4153 var method = res.ResolveMember<MethodSpec> (ec, ref concat_args);
4157 add_args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOfMethod (method, loc)));
4159 Expression expr = CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Add", add_args);
4160 if (++pos == arguments.Count)
4163 left = new Argument (new EmptyExpression (method.ReturnType));
4164 return CreateExpressionAddCall (ec, left, expr, pos);
4167 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4172 void Append (ResolveContext rc, Expression operand)
4177 StringConstant sc = operand as StringConstant;
4179 if (arguments.Count != 0) {
4180 Argument last_argument = arguments [arguments.Count - 1];
4181 StringConstant last_expr_constant = last_argument.Expr as StringConstant;
4182 if (last_expr_constant != null) {
4183 last_argument.Expr = new StringConstant (rc.BuiltinTypes, last_expr_constant.Value + sc.Value, sc.Location);
4189 // Multiple (3+) concatenation are resolved as multiple StringConcat instances
4191 StringConcat concat_oper = operand as StringConcat;
4192 if (concat_oper != null) {
4193 arguments.AddRange (concat_oper.arguments);
4198 arguments.Add (new Argument (operand));
4201 IList<MemberSpec> GetConcatMethodCandidates ()
4203 return MemberCache.FindMembers (type, "Concat", true);
4206 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4208 var members = GetConcatMethodCandidates ();
4209 var res = new OverloadResolver (members, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.NoBaseMembers, loc);
4210 var method = res.ResolveMember<MethodSpec> (new ResolveContext (ec.MemberContext), ref arguments);
4211 if (method != null) {
4212 var call = new CallEmitter ();
4213 call.EmitPredefined (ec, method, arguments);
4217 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
4219 if (arguments.Count != 2)
4220 throw new NotImplementedException ("arguments.Count != 2");
4222 var concat = typeof (string).GetMethod ("Concat", new[] { typeof (object), typeof (object) });
4223 return SLE.Expression.Add (arguments[0].Expr.MakeExpression (ctx), arguments[1].Expr.MakeExpression (ctx), concat);
4228 // User-defined conditional logical operator
4230 public class ConditionalLogicalOperator : UserOperatorCall
4232 readonly bool is_and;
4233 Expression oper_expr;
4235 public ConditionalLogicalOperator (MethodSpec oper, Arguments arguments, Func<ResolveContext, Expression, Expression> expr_tree, bool is_and, Location loc)
4236 : base (oper, arguments, expr_tree, loc)
4238 this.is_and = is_and;
4239 eclass = ExprClass.Unresolved;
4242 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4244 AParametersCollection pd = oper.Parameters;
4245 if (!TypeSpecComparer.IsEqual (type, pd.Types[0]) || !TypeSpecComparer.IsEqual (type, pd.Types[1])) {
4246 ec.Report.Error (217, loc,
4247 "A user-defined operator `{0}' must have parameters and return values of the same type in order to be applicable as a short circuit operator",
4248 oper.GetSignatureForError ());
4252 Expression left_dup = new EmptyExpression (type);
4253 Expression op_true = GetOperatorTrue (ec, left_dup, loc);
4254 Expression op_false = GetOperatorFalse (ec, left_dup, loc);
4255 if (op_true == null || op_false == null) {
4256 ec.Report.Error (218, loc,
4257 "The type `{0}' must have operator `true' and operator `false' defined when `{1}' is used as a short circuit operator",
4258 TypeManager.CSharpName (type), oper.GetSignatureForError ());
4262 oper_expr = is_and ? op_false : op_true;
4263 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
4267 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4269 Label end_target = ec.DefineLabel ();
4272 // Emit and duplicate left argument
4274 bool right_contains_await = ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && arguments[1].Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
4275 if (right_contains_await) {
4276 arguments[0] = arguments[0].EmitToField (ec, false);
4277 arguments[0].Expr.Emit (ec);
4279 arguments[0].Expr.Emit (ec);
4280 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
4281 arguments.RemoveAt (0);
4284 oper_expr.EmitBranchable (ec, end_target, true);
4288 if (right_contains_await) {
4290 // Special handling when right expression contains await and left argument
4291 // could not be left on stack before logical branch
4293 Label skip_left_load = ec.DefineLabel ();
4294 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Br_S, skip_left_load);
4295 ec.MarkLabel (end_target);
4296 arguments[0].Expr.Emit (ec);
4297 ec.MarkLabel (skip_left_load);
4299 ec.MarkLabel (end_target);
4304 public class PointerArithmetic : Expression {
4305 Expression left, right;
4309 // We assume that `l' is always a pointer
4311 public PointerArithmetic (Binary.Operator op, Expression l, Expression r, TypeSpec t, Location loc)
4320 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
4322 throw new NotImplementedException ();
4325 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4327 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
4331 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4333 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
4335 var pc = left.Type as PointerContainer;
4336 if (pc != null && pc.Element.Kind == MemberKind.Void) {
4337 Error_VoidPointerOperation (ec);
4344 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4346 TypeSpec op_type = left.Type;
4348 // It must be either array or fixed buffer
4350 if (TypeManager.HasElementType (op_type)) {
4351 element = TypeManager.GetElementType (op_type);
4353 FieldExpr fe = left as FieldExpr;
4355 element = ((FixedFieldSpec) (fe.Spec)).ElementType;
4360 int size = BuiltinTypeSpec.GetSize(element);
4361 TypeSpec rtype = right.Type;
4363 if ((op & Binary.Operator.SubtractionMask) != 0 && rtype.IsPointer){
4365 // handle (pointer - pointer)
4369 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
4373 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
4376 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Div);
4378 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
4381 // handle + and - on (pointer op int)
4383 Constant left_const = left as Constant;
4384 if (left_const != null) {
4386 // Optimize ((T*)null) pointer operations
4388 if (left_const.IsDefaultValue) {
4389 left = EmptyExpression.Null;
4397 var right_const = right as Constant;
4398 if (right_const != null) {
4400 // Optimize 0-based arithmetic
4402 if (right_const.IsDefaultValue)
4406 right = new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, size, right.Location);
4408 right = new SizeOf (new TypeExpression (element, right.Location), right.Location);
4410 // TODO: Should be the checks resolve context sensitive?
4411 ResolveContext rc = new ResolveContext (ec.MemberContext, ResolveContext.Options.UnsafeScope);
4412 right = new Binary (Binary.Operator.Multiply, right, right_const).Resolve (rc);
4418 switch (rtype.BuiltinType) {
4419 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
4420 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
4421 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
4422 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
4423 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
4425 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
4426 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U);
4430 if (right_const == null && size != 1){
4432 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
4435 if (rtype.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long || rtype.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong)
4436 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
4438 Binary.EmitOperatorOpcode (ec, Binary.Operator.Multiply, rtype);
4441 if (left_const == null) {
4442 if (rtype.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long)
4443 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
4444 else if (rtype.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong)
4445 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U);
4447 Binary.EmitOperatorOpcode (ec, op, op_type);
4454 // A boolean-expression is an expression that yields a result
4457 public class BooleanExpression : ShimExpression
4459 public BooleanExpression (Expression expr)
4462 this.loc = expr.Location;
4465 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4467 // TODO: We should emit IsTrue (v4) instead of direct user operator
4468 // call but that would break csc compatibility
4469 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
4472 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4474 // A boolean-expression is required to be of a type
4475 // that can be implicitly converted to bool or of
4476 // a type that implements operator true
4478 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
4482 Assign ass = expr as Assign;
4483 if (ass != null && ass.Source is Constant) {
4484 ec.Report.Warning (665, 3, loc,
4485 "Assignment in conditional expression is always constant. Did you mean to use `==' instead ?");
4488 if (expr.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool)
4491 if (expr.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
4492 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
4493 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
4494 return DynamicUnaryConversion.CreateIsTrue (ec, args, loc).Resolve (ec);
4497 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Bool;
4498 Expression converted = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, expr, type, loc);
4499 if (converted != null)
4503 // If no implicit conversion to bool exists, try using `operator true'
4505 converted = GetOperatorTrue (ec, expr, loc);
4506 if (converted == null) {
4507 expr.Error_ValueCannotBeConverted (ec, type, false);
4514 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
4516 return visitor.Visit (this);
4520 public class BooleanExpressionFalse : Unary
4522 public BooleanExpressionFalse (Expression expr)
4523 : base (Operator.LogicalNot, expr, expr.Location)
4527 protected override Expression ResolveOperator (ResolveContext ec, Expression expr)
4529 return GetOperatorFalse (ec, expr, loc) ?? base.ResolveOperator (ec, expr);
4534 /// Implements the ternary conditional operator (?:)
4536 public class Conditional : Expression {
4537 Expression expr, true_expr, false_expr;
4539 public Conditional (Expression expr, Expression true_expr, Expression false_expr, Location loc)
4542 this.true_expr = true_expr;
4543 this.false_expr = false_expr;
4549 public Expression Expr {
4555 public Expression TrueExpr {
4561 public Expression FalseExpr {
4569 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
4571 return Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || true_expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || false_expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
4574 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4576 Arguments args = new Arguments (3);
4577 args.Add (new Argument (expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4578 args.Add (new Argument (true_expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4579 args.Add (new Argument (false_expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
4580 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Condition", args);
4583 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4585 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
4588 // Unreachable code needs different resolve path. For instance for await
4589 // expression to not generate unreachable resumable statement
4591 Constant c = expr as Constant;
4592 if (c != null && ec.CurrentBranching != null) {
4593 bool unreachable = ec.CurrentBranching.CurrentUsageVector.IsUnreachable;
4595 if (c.IsDefaultValue) {
4596 ec.CurrentBranching.CurrentUsageVector.IsUnreachable = true;
4597 true_expr = true_expr.Resolve (ec);
4598 ec.CurrentBranching.CurrentUsageVector.IsUnreachable = unreachable;
4600 false_expr = false_expr.Resolve (ec);
4602 true_expr = true_expr.Resolve (ec);
4604 ec.CurrentBranching.CurrentUsageVector.IsUnreachable = true;
4605 false_expr = false_expr.Resolve (ec);
4606 ec.CurrentBranching.CurrentUsageVector.IsUnreachable = unreachable;
4609 true_expr = true_expr.Resolve (ec);
4610 false_expr = false_expr.Resolve (ec);
4613 if (true_expr == null || false_expr == null || expr == null)
4616 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
4617 TypeSpec true_type = true_expr.Type;
4618 TypeSpec false_type = false_expr.Type;
4622 // First, if an implicit conversion exists from true_expr
4623 // to false_expr, then the result type is of type false_expr.Type
4625 if (!TypeSpecComparer.IsEqual (true_type, false_type)) {
4626 Expression conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, true_expr, false_type, loc);
4627 if (conv != null && true_type.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
4629 // Check if both can convert implicitly to each other's type
4633 if (false_type.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic && Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, false_expr, true_type, loc) != null) {
4634 ec.Report.Error (172, true_expr.Location,
4635 "Type of conditional expression cannot be determined as `{0}' and `{1}' convert implicitly to each other",
4636 true_type.GetSignatureForError (), false_type.GetSignatureForError ());
4641 } else if ((conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, false_expr, true_type, loc)) != null) {
4644 ec.Report.Error (173, true_expr.Location,
4645 "Type of conditional expression cannot be determined because there is no implicit conversion between `{0}' and `{1}'",
4646 TypeManager.CSharpName (true_type), TypeManager.CSharpName (false_type));
4652 bool is_false = c.IsDefaultValue;
4655 // Don't issue the warning for constant expressions
4657 if (!(is_false ? true_expr is Constant : false_expr is Constant)) {
4658 ec.Report.Warning (429, 4, is_false ? true_expr.Location : false_expr.Location,
4659 "Unreachable expression code detected");
4662 return ReducedExpression.Create (
4663 is_false ? false_expr : true_expr, this,
4664 false_expr is Constant && true_expr is Constant).Resolve (ec);
4670 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4672 Label false_target = ec.DefineLabel ();
4673 Label end_target = ec.DefineLabel ();
4675 expr.EmitBranchable (ec, false_target, false);
4676 true_expr.Emit (ec);
4678 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end_target);
4679 ec.MarkLabel (false_target);
4680 false_expr.Emit (ec);
4681 ec.MarkLabel (end_target);
4684 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
4686 Conditional target = (Conditional) t;
4688 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
4689 target.true_expr = true_expr.Clone (clonectx);
4690 target.false_expr = false_expr.Clone (clonectx);
4694 public abstract class VariableReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation, IVariableReference
4696 LocalTemporary temp;
4699 public abstract HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae);
4700 public abstract void SetHasAddressTaken ();
4701 public abstract void VerifyAssigned (ResolveContext rc);
4703 public abstract bool IsLockedByStatement { get; set; }
4705 public abstract bool IsFixed { get; }
4706 public abstract bool IsRef { get; }
4707 public abstract string Name { get; }
4710 // Variable IL data, it has to be protected to encapsulate hoisted variables
4712 protected abstract ILocalVariable Variable { get; }
4715 // Variable flow-analysis data
4717 public abstract VariableInfo VariableInfo { get; }
4720 public virtual void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
4722 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4724 hv.AddressOf (ec, mode);
4728 Variable.EmitAddressOf (ec);
4731 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
4736 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
4738 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4740 return hv.CreateExpressionTree ();
4742 Arguments arg = new Arguments (1);
4743 arg.Add (new Argument (this));
4744 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", arg);
4747 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext rc, Expression right_side)
4749 if (IsLockedByStatement) {
4750 rc.Report.Warning (728, 2, loc,
4751 "Possibly incorrect assignment to `{0}' which is the argument to a using or lock statement",
4758 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4763 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
4769 // This method is used by parameters that are references, that are
4770 // being passed as references: we only want to pass the pointer (that
4771 // is already stored in the parameter, not the address of the pointer,
4772 // and not the value of the variable).
4774 public void EmitLoad (EmitContext ec)
4779 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
4781 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4783 hv.Emit (ec, leave_copy);
4791 // If we are a reference, we loaded on the stack a pointer
4792 // Now lets load the real value
4794 ec.EmitLoadFromPtr (type);
4798 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
4801 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
4807 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy,
4808 bool prepare_for_load)
4810 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4812 hv.EmitAssign (ec, source, leave_copy, prepare_for_load);
4816 New n_source = source as New;
4817 if (n_source != null) {
4818 if (!n_source.Emit (ec, this)) {
4822 ec.EmitLoadFromPtr (type);
4834 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
4836 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
4842 ec.EmitStoreFromPtr (type);
4844 Variable.EmitAssign (ec);
4852 public override Expression EmitToField (EmitContext ec)
4854 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
4856 return hv.EmitToField (ec);
4859 return base.EmitToField (ec);
4862 public HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (ResolveContext rc)
4864 return GetHoistedVariable (rc.CurrentAnonymousMethod);
4867 public HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (EmitContext ec)
4869 return GetHoistedVariable (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod);
4872 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
4877 public bool IsHoisted {
4878 get { return GetHoistedVariable ((AnonymousExpression) null) != null; }
4883 // Resolved reference to a local variable
4885 public class LocalVariableReference : VariableReference
4887 public LocalVariable local_info;
4889 public LocalVariableReference (LocalVariable li, Location l)
4891 this.local_info = li;
4895 public override VariableInfo VariableInfo {
4896 get { return local_info.VariableInfo; }
4899 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
4901 return local_info.HoistedVariant;
4907 // A local variable is always fixed
4909 public override bool IsFixed {
4915 public override bool IsLockedByStatement {
4917 return local_info.IsLocked;
4920 local_info.IsLocked = value;
4924 public override bool IsRef {
4925 get { return false; }
4928 public override string Name {
4929 get { return local_info.Name; }
4934 public override void VerifyAssigned (ResolveContext rc)
4936 VariableInfo variable_info = local_info.VariableInfo;
4937 if (variable_info == null)
4940 if (variable_info.IsAssigned (rc))
4943 rc.Report.Error (165, loc, "Use of unassigned local variable `{0}'", Name);
4944 variable_info.SetAssigned (rc);
4947 public override void SetHasAddressTaken ()
4949 local_info.SetHasAddressTaken ();
4952 void DoResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
4955 // If we are referencing a variable from the external block
4956 // flag it for capturing
4958 if (ec.MustCaptureVariable (local_info)) {
4959 if (local_info.AddressTaken) {
4960 AnonymousMethodExpression.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (ec, this, loc);
4961 } else if (local_info.IsFixed) {
4962 ec.Report.Error (1764, loc,
4963 "Cannot use fixed local `{0}' inside an anonymous method, lambda expression or query expression",
4964 GetSignatureForError ());
4967 if (ec.IsVariableCapturingRequired) {
4968 AnonymousMethodStorey storey = local_info.Block.Explicit.CreateAnonymousMethodStorey (ec);
4969 storey.CaptureLocalVariable (ec, local_info);
4973 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
4974 type = local_info.Type;
4977 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
4979 local_info.SetIsUsed ();
4981 VerifyAssigned (ec);
4987 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression rhs)
4990 // Don't be too pedantic when variable is used as out param or for some broken code
4991 // which uses property/indexer access to run some initialization
4993 if (rhs == EmptyExpression.OutAccess || rhs.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess || rhs.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess)
4994 local_info.SetIsUsed ();
4996 if (local_info.IsReadonly && !ec.HasAny (ResolveContext.Options.FieldInitializerScope | ResolveContext.Options.UsingInitializerScope)) {
4999 if (rhs == EmptyExpression.OutAccess) {
5000 code = 1657; msg = "Cannot pass `{0}' as a ref or out argument because it is a `{1}'";
5001 } else if (rhs == EmptyExpression.LValueMemberAccess) {
5002 code = 1654; msg = "Cannot assign to members of `{0}' because it is a `{1}'";
5003 } else if (rhs == EmptyExpression.LValueMemberOutAccess) {
5004 code = 1655; msg = "Cannot pass members of `{0}' as ref or out arguments because it is a `{1}'";
5005 } else if (rhs == EmptyExpression.UnaryAddress) {
5006 code = 459; msg = "Cannot take the address of {1} `{0}'";
5008 code = 1656; msg = "Cannot assign to `{0}' because it is a `{1}'";
5010 ec.Report.Error (code, loc, msg, Name, local_info.GetReadOnlyContext ());
5011 } else if (VariableInfo != null) {
5012 VariableInfo.SetAssigned (ec);
5015 if (eclass == ExprClass.Unresolved)
5018 return base.DoResolveLValue (ec, rhs);
5021 public override int GetHashCode ()
5023 return local_info.GetHashCode ();
5026 public override bool Equals (object obj)
5028 LocalVariableReference lvr = obj as LocalVariableReference;
5032 return local_info == lvr.local_info;
5035 protected override ILocalVariable Variable {
5036 get { return local_info; }
5039 public override string ToString ()
5041 return String.Format ("{0} ({1}:{2})", GetType (), Name, loc);
5044 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
5051 /// This represents a reference to a parameter in the intermediate
5054 public class ParameterReference : VariableReference
5056 protected ParametersBlock.ParameterInfo pi;
5058 public ParameterReference (ParametersBlock.ParameterInfo pi, Location loc)
5066 public override bool IsLockedByStatement {
5071 pi.IsLocked = value;
5075 public override bool IsRef {
5076 get { return (pi.Parameter.ModFlags & Parameter.Modifier.RefOutMask) != 0; }
5079 bool HasOutModifier {
5080 get { return (pi.Parameter.ModFlags & Parameter.Modifier.OUT) != 0; }
5083 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
5085 return pi.Parameter.HoistedVariant;
5089 // A ref or out parameter is classified as a moveable variable, even
5090 // if the argument given for the parameter is a fixed variable
5092 public override bool IsFixed {
5093 get { return !IsRef; }
5096 public override string Name {
5097 get { return Parameter.Name; }
5100 public Parameter Parameter {
5101 get { return pi.Parameter; }
5104 public override VariableInfo VariableInfo {
5105 get { return pi.VariableInfo; }
5108 protected override ILocalVariable Variable {
5109 get { return Parameter; }
5114 public override void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
5117 // ParameterReferences might already be a reference
5124 base.AddressOf (ec, mode);
5127 public override void SetHasAddressTaken ()
5129 Parameter.HasAddressTaken = true;
5132 void SetAssigned (ResolveContext ec)
5134 if (HasOutModifier && ec.DoFlowAnalysis)
5135 ec.CurrentBranching.SetAssigned (VariableInfo);
5138 bool DoResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
5140 if (eclass != ExprClass.Unresolved)
5143 type = pi.ParameterType;
5144 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
5147 // If we are referencing a parameter from the external block
5148 // flag it for capturing
5150 if (ec.MustCaptureVariable (pi)) {
5151 if (Parameter.HasAddressTaken)
5152 AnonymousMethodExpression.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (ec, this, loc);
5155 ec.Report.Error (1628, loc,
5156 "Parameter `{0}' cannot be used inside `{1}' when using `ref' or `out' modifier",
5157 Name, ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod.ContainerType);
5160 if (ec.IsVariableCapturingRequired && !pi.Block.ParametersBlock.IsExpressionTree) {
5161 AnonymousMethodStorey storey = pi.Block.Explicit.CreateAnonymousMethodStorey (ec);
5162 storey.CaptureParameter (ec, pi, this);
5169 public override int GetHashCode ()
5171 return Name.GetHashCode ();
5174 public override bool Equals (object obj)
5176 ParameterReference pr = obj as ParameterReference;
5180 return Name == pr.Name;
5183 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
5189 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
5191 HoistedVariable hv = GetHoistedVariable (ec);
5193 return hv.CreateExpressionTree ();
5195 return Parameter.ExpressionTreeVariableReference ();
5199 // Notice that for ref/out parameters, the type exposed is not the
5200 // same type exposed externally.
5203 // externally we expose "int&"
5204 // here we expose "int".
5206 // We record this in "is_ref". This means that the type system can treat
5207 // the type as it is expected, but when we generate the code, we generate
5208 // the alternate kind of code.
5210 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
5212 if (!DoResolveBase (ec))
5215 VerifyAssigned (ec);
5219 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
5221 if (!DoResolveBase (ec))
5225 return base.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
5228 public override void VerifyAssigned (ResolveContext rc)
5230 // HACK: Variables are not captured in probing mode
5231 if (rc.IsInProbingMode)
5234 if (HasOutModifier && !VariableInfo.IsAssigned (rc)) {
5235 rc.Report.Error (269, loc, "Use of unassigned out parameter `{0}'", Name);
5241 /// Invocation of methods or delegates.
5243 public class Invocation : ExpressionStatement
5245 protected Arguments arguments;
5246 protected Expression expr;
5247 protected MethodGroupExpr mg;
5249 public Invocation (Expression expr, Arguments arguments)
5252 this.arguments = arguments;
5254 var ma = expr as MemberAccess;
5255 loc = ma != null ? ma.GetLeftExpressionLocation () : expr.Location;
5260 public Arguments Arguments {
5266 public Expression Exp {
5272 public MethodGroupExpr MethodGroup {
5279 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
5281 Invocation target = (Invocation) t;
5283 if (arguments != null)
5284 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
5286 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
5289 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
5291 if (arguments != null && arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
5294 return mg.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
5297 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
5299 Expression instance = mg.IsInstance ?
5300 mg.InstanceExpression.CreateExpressionTree (ec) :
5301 new NullLiteral (loc);
5303 var args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, arguments,
5305 mg.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
5307 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Call", args);
5310 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
5312 Expression member_expr;
5313 var atn = expr as ATypeNameExpression;
5315 member_expr = atn.LookupNameExpression (ec, MemberLookupRestrictions.InvocableOnly | MemberLookupRestrictions.ReadAccess);
5316 if (member_expr != null)
5317 member_expr = member_expr.Resolve (ec);
5319 member_expr = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.MethodGroup);
5322 if (member_expr == null)
5326 // Next, evaluate all the expressions in the argument list
5328 bool dynamic_arg = false;
5329 if (arguments != null)
5330 arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic_arg);
5332 TypeSpec expr_type = member_expr.Type;
5333 if (expr_type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic)
5334 return DoResolveDynamic (ec, member_expr);
5336 mg = member_expr as MethodGroupExpr;
5337 Expression invoke = null;
5340 if (expr_type != null && expr_type.IsDelegate) {
5341 invoke = new DelegateInvocation (member_expr, arguments, loc);
5342 invoke = invoke.Resolve (ec);
5343 if (invoke == null || !dynamic_arg)
5346 if (member_expr is RuntimeValueExpression) {
5347 ec.Report.Error (Report.RuntimeErrorId, loc, "Cannot invoke a non-delegate type `{0}'",
5348 member_expr.Type.GetSignatureForError ()); ;
5352 MemberExpr me = member_expr as MemberExpr;
5354 member_expr.Error_UnexpectedKind (ec, ResolveFlags.MethodGroup, loc);
5358 ec.Report.Error (1955, loc, "The member `{0}' cannot be used as method or delegate",
5359 member_expr.GetSignatureForError ());
5364 if (invoke == null) {
5365 mg = DoResolveOverload (ec);
5371 return DoResolveDynamic (ec, member_expr);
5373 var method = mg.BestCandidate;
5374 type = mg.BestCandidateReturnType;
5376 if (arguments == null && method.DeclaringType.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Object && method.Name == Destructor.MetadataName) {
5378 ec.Report.Error (250, loc, "Do not directly call your base class Finalize method. It is called automatically from your destructor");
5380 ec.Report.Error (245, loc, "Destructors and object.Finalize cannot be called directly. Consider calling IDisposable.Dispose if available");
5384 IsSpecialMethodInvocation (ec, method, loc);
5386 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5390 protected virtual Expression DoResolveDynamic (ResolveContext ec, Expression memberExpr)
5393 DynamicMemberBinder dmb = memberExpr as DynamicMemberBinder;
5395 args = dmb.Arguments;
5396 if (arguments != null)
5397 args.AddRange (arguments);
5398 } else if (mg == null) {
5399 if (arguments == null)
5400 args = new Arguments (1);
5404 args.Insert (0, new Argument (memberExpr));
5408 ec.Report.Error (1971, loc,
5409 "The base call to method `{0}' cannot be dynamically dispatched. Consider casting the dynamic arguments or eliminating the base access",
5414 if (arguments == null)
5415 args = new Arguments (1);
5419 MemberAccess ma = expr as MemberAccess;
5421 var left_type = ma.LeftExpression as TypeExpr;
5422 if (left_type != null) {
5423 args.Insert (0, new Argument (new TypeOf (left_type.Type, loc).Resolve (ec), Argument.AType.DynamicTypeName));
5426 // Any value type has to be pass as by-ref to get back the same
5427 // instance on which the member was called
5429 var mod = ma.LeftExpression is IMemoryLocation && TypeSpec.IsValueType (ma.LeftExpression.Type) ?
5430 Argument.AType.Ref : Argument.AType.None;
5431 args.Insert (0, new Argument (ma.LeftExpression.Resolve (ec), mod));
5433 } else { // is SimpleName
5435 args.Insert (0, new Argument (new TypeOf (ec.CurrentType, loc).Resolve (ec), Argument.AType.DynamicTypeName));
5437 args.Insert (0, new Argument (new This (loc).Resolve (ec)));
5442 return new DynamicInvocation (expr as ATypeNameExpression, args, loc).Resolve (ec);
5445 protected virtual MethodGroupExpr DoResolveOverload (ResolveContext ec)
5447 return mg.OverloadResolve (ec, ref arguments, null, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.None);
5450 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
5452 return mg.GetSignatureForError ();
5456 // If a member is a method or event, or if it is a constant, field or property of either a delegate type
5457 // or the type dynamic, then the member is invocable
5459 public static bool IsMemberInvocable (MemberSpec member)
5461 switch (member.Kind) {
5462 case MemberKind.Event:
5464 case MemberKind.Field:
5465 case MemberKind.Property:
5466 var m = member as IInterfaceMemberSpec;
5467 return m.MemberType.IsDelegate || m.MemberType.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic;
5473 public static bool IsSpecialMethodInvocation (ResolveContext ec, MethodSpec method, Location loc)
5475 if (!method.IsReservedMethod)
5478 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.InvokeSpecialName) || ec.CurrentMemberDefinition.IsCompilerGenerated)
5481 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (method);
5482 ec.Report.Error (571, loc, "`{0}': cannot explicitly call operator or accessor",
5483 method.GetSignatureForError ());
5488 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5490 mg.EmitCall (ec, arguments);
5493 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5498 // Pop the return value if there is one
5500 if (type.Kind != MemberKind.Void)
5501 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
5504 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
5506 return MakeExpression (ctx, mg.InstanceExpression, mg.BestCandidate, arguments);
5509 public static SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx, Expression instance, MethodSpec mi, Arguments args)
5512 throw new NotSupportedException ();
5514 var instance_expr = instance == null ? null : instance.MakeExpression (ctx);
5515 return SLE.Expression.Call (instance_expr, (MethodInfo) mi.GetMetaInfo (), Arguments.MakeExpression (args, ctx));
5519 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
5521 return visitor.Visit (this);
5526 // Implements simple new expression
5528 public class New : ExpressionStatement, IMemoryLocation
5530 protected Arguments arguments;
5533 // During bootstrap, it contains the RequestedType,
5534 // but if `type' is not null, it *might* contain a NewDelegate
5535 // (because of field multi-initialization)
5537 protected Expression RequestedType;
5539 protected MethodSpec method;
5541 public New (Expression requested_type, Arguments arguments, Location l)
5543 RequestedType = requested_type;
5544 this.arguments = arguments;
5549 public Arguments Arguments {
5556 // Returns true for resolved `new S()'
5558 public bool IsDefaultStruct {
5560 return arguments == null && type.IsStruct && GetType () == typeof (New);
5564 public Expression TypeExpression {
5566 return RequestedType;
5573 /// Converts complex core type syntax like 'new int ()' to simple constant
5575 public static Constant Constantify (TypeSpec t, Location loc)
5577 switch (t.BuiltinType) {
5578 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
5579 return new IntConstant (t, 0, loc);
5580 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
5581 return new UIntConstant (t, 0, loc);
5582 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
5583 return new LongConstant (t, 0, loc);
5584 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
5585 return new ULongConstant (t, 0, loc);
5586 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
5587 return new FloatConstant (t, 0, loc);
5588 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double:
5589 return new DoubleConstant (t, 0, loc);
5590 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
5591 return new ShortConstant (t, 0, loc);
5592 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
5593 return new UShortConstant (t, 0, loc);
5594 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
5595 return new SByteConstant (t, 0, loc);
5596 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
5597 return new ByteConstant (t, 0, loc);
5598 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
5599 return new CharConstant (t, '\0', loc);
5600 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool:
5601 return new BoolConstant (t, false, loc);
5602 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal:
5603 return new DecimalConstant (t, 0, loc);
5607 return new EnumConstant (Constantify (EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (t), loc), t);
5609 if (t.IsNullableType)
5610 return Nullable.LiftedNull.Create (t, loc);
5615 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
5617 return arguments != null && arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
5621 // Checks whether the type is an interface that has the
5622 // [ComImport, CoClass] attributes and must be treated
5625 public Expression CheckComImport (ResolveContext ec)
5627 if (!type.IsInterface)
5631 // Turn the call into:
5632 // (the-interface-stated) (new class-referenced-in-coclassattribute ())
5634 var real_class = type.MemberDefinition.GetAttributeCoClass ();
5635 if (real_class == null)
5638 New proxy = new New (new TypeExpression (real_class, loc), arguments, loc);
5639 Cast cast = new Cast (new TypeExpression (type, loc), proxy, loc);
5640 return cast.Resolve (ec);
5643 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
5646 if (method == null) {
5647 args = new Arguments (1);
5648 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (type, loc)));
5650 args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec,
5651 arguments, new TypeOfMethod (method, loc));
5654 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "New", args);
5657 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
5659 type = RequestedType.ResolveAsType (ec);
5663 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5665 if (type.IsPointer) {
5666 ec.Report.Error (1919, loc, "Unsafe type `{0}' cannot be used in an object creation expression",
5667 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5671 if (arguments == null) {
5672 Constant c = Constantify (type, RequestedType.Location);
5674 return ReducedExpression.Create (c, this);
5677 if (type.IsDelegate) {
5678 return (new NewDelegate (type, arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
5681 var tparam = type as TypeParameterSpec;
5682 if (tparam != null) {
5684 // Check whether the type of type parameter can be constructed. BaseType can be a struct for method overrides
5685 // where type parameter constraint is inflated to struct
5687 if ((tparam.SpecialConstraint & (SpecialConstraint.Struct | SpecialConstraint.Constructor)) == 0 && !TypeSpec.IsValueType (tparam)) {
5688 ec.Report.Error (304, loc,
5689 "Cannot create an instance of the variable type `{0}' because it does not have the new() constraint",
5690 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5693 if ((arguments != null) && (arguments.Count != 0)) {
5694 ec.Report.Error (417, loc,
5695 "`{0}': cannot provide arguments when creating an instance of a variable type",
5696 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5702 if (type.IsStatic) {
5703 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (type);
5704 ec.Report.Error (712, loc, "Cannot create an instance of the static class `{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5708 if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract){
5709 if (!TypeManager.IsGenericType (type)) {
5710 RequestedType = CheckComImport (ec);
5711 if (RequestedType != null)
5712 return RequestedType;
5715 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (type);
5716 ec.Report.Error (144, loc, "Cannot create an instance of the abstract class or interface `{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
5721 // Any struct always defines parameterless constructor
5723 if (type.IsStruct && arguments == null)
5727 if (arguments != null) {
5728 arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
5733 method = ConstructorLookup (ec, type, ref arguments, loc);
5736 arguments.Insert (0, new Argument (new TypeOf (type, loc).Resolve (ec), Argument.AType.DynamicTypeName));
5737 return new DynamicConstructorBinder (type, arguments, loc).Resolve (ec);
5743 bool DoEmitTypeParameter (EmitContext ec)
5745 var m = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.ActivatorCreateInstance.Resolve (loc);
5749 var ctor_factory = m.MakeGenericMethod (ec.MemberContext, type);
5750 var tparam = (TypeParameterSpec) type;
5752 if (tparam.IsReferenceType) {
5753 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, ctor_factory);
5757 // Allow DoEmit() to be called multiple times.
5758 // We need to create a new LocalTemporary each time since
5759 // you can't share LocalBuilders among ILGeneators.
5760 LocalTemporary temp = new LocalTemporary (type);
5762 Label label_activator = ec.DefineLabel ();
5763 Label label_end = ec.DefineLabel ();
5765 temp.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5766 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5769 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Box, type);
5770 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, label_activator);
5772 temp.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5773 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5776 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Br_S, label_end);
5778 ec.MarkLabel (label_activator);
5780 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, ctor_factory);
5781 ec.MarkLabel (label_end);
5786 // This Emit can be invoked in two contexts:
5787 // * As a mechanism that will leave a value on the stack (new object)
5788 // * As one that wont (init struct)
5790 // If we are dealing with a ValueType, we have a few
5791 // situations to deal with:
5793 // * The target is a ValueType, and we have been provided
5794 // the instance (this is easy, we are being assigned).
5796 // * The target of New is being passed as an argument,
5797 // to a boxing operation or a function that takes a
5800 // In this case, we need to create a temporary variable
5801 // that is the argument of New.
5803 // Returns whether a value is left on the stack
5805 // *** Implementation note ***
5807 // To benefit from this optimization, each assignable expression
5808 // has to manually cast to New and call this Emit.
5810 // TODO: It's worth to implement it for arrays and fields
5812 public virtual bool Emit (EmitContext ec, IMemoryLocation target)
5814 bool is_value_type = TypeSpec.IsValueType (type);
5815 VariableReference vr = target as VariableReference;
5817 if (target != null && is_value_type && (vr != null || method == null)) {
5818 target.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5819 } else if (vr != null && vr.IsRef) {
5823 if (arguments != null) {
5824 if (ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && (arguments.Count > (this is NewInitialize ? 0 : 1)) && arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
5825 arguments = arguments.Emit (ec, false, true);
5827 arguments.Emit (ec);
5830 if (is_value_type) {
5831 if (method == null) {
5832 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5837 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method);
5842 if (type is TypeParameterSpec)
5843 return DoEmitTypeParameter (ec);
5845 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, method);
5849 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5851 LocalTemporary v = null;
5852 if (method == null && TypeSpec.IsValueType (type)) {
5853 // TODO: Use temporary variable from pool
5854 v = new LocalTemporary (type);
5861 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5863 LocalTemporary v = null;
5864 if (method == null && TypeSpec.IsValueType (type)) {
5865 // TODO: Use temporary variable from pool
5866 v = new LocalTemporary (type);
5870 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
5873 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
5875 EmitAddressOf (ec, mode);
5878 protected virtual IMemoryLocation EmitAddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
5880 LocalTemporary value_target = new LocalTemporary (type);
5882 if (type is TypeParameterSpec) {
5883 DoEmitTypeParameter (ec);
5884 value_target.Store (ec);
5885 value_target.AddressOf (ec, mode);
5886 return value_target;
5889 value_target.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
5891 if (method == null) {
5892 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
5894 if (arguments != null)
5895 arguments.Emit (ec);
5897 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method);
5900 value_target.AddressOf (ec, mode);
5901 return value_target;
5904 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
5906 New target = (New) t;
5908 target.RequestedType = RequestedType.Clone (clonectx);
5909 if (arguments != null){
5910 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
5914 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
5917 return base.MakeExpression (ctx);
5919 return SLE.Expression.New ((ConstructorInfo) method.GetMetaInfo (), Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx));
5923 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
5925 return visitor.Visit (this);
5930 // Array initializer expression, the expression is allowed in
5931 // variable or field initialization only which makes it tricky as
5932 // the type has to be infered based on the context either from field
5933 // type or variable type (think of multiple declarators)
5935 public class ArrayInitializer : Expression
5937 List<Expression> elements;
5938 BlockVariableDeclaration variable;
5940 public ArrayInitializer (List<Expression> init, Location loc)
5946 public ArrayInitializer (int count, Location loc)
5947 : this (new List<Expression> (count), loc)
5951 public ArrayInitializer (Location loc)
5959 get { return elements.Count; }
5962 public List<Expression> Elements {
5968 public Expression this [int index] {
5970 return elements [index];
5974 public BlockVariableDeclaration VariableDeclaration {
5985 public void Add (Expression expr)
5987 elements.Add (expr);
5990 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
5992 throw new NotSupportedException ();
5995 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
5997 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
6000 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
6002 var target = (ArrayInitializer) t;
6004 target.elements = new List<Expression> (elements.Count);
6005 foreach (var element in elements)
6006 target.elements.Add (element.Clone (clonectx));
6009 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
6011 var current_field = rc.CurrentMemberDefinition as FieldBase;
6012 TypeExpression type;
6013 if (current_field != null && rc.CurrentAnonymousMethod == null) {
6014 type = new TypeExpression (current_field.MemberType, current_field.Location);
6015 } else if (variable != null) {
6016 if (variable.TypeExpression is VarExpr) {
6017 rc.Report.Error (820, loc, "An implicitly typed local variable declarator cannot use an array initializer");
6018 return EmptyExpression.Null;
6021 type = new TypeExpression (variable.Variable.Type, variable.Variable.Location);
6023 throw new NotImplementedException ("Unexpected array initializer context");
6026 return new ArrayCreation (type, this).Resolve (rc);
6029 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6031 throw new InternalErrorException ("Missing Resolve call");
6034 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
6036 return visitor.Visit (this);
6041 /// 14.5.10.2: Represents an array creation expression.
6045 /// There are two possible scenarios here: one is an array creation
6046 /// expression that specifies the dimensions and optionally the
6047 /// initialization data and the other which does not need dimensions
6048 /// specified but where initialization data is mandatory.
6050 public class ArrayCreation : Expression
6052 FullNamedExpression requested_base_type;
6053 ArrayInitializer initializers;
6056 // The list of Argument types.
6057 // This is used to construct the `newarray' or constructor signature
6059 protected List<Expression> arguments;
6061 protected TypeSpec array_element_type;
6062 int num_arguments = 0;
6063 protected int dimensions;
6064 protected readonly ComposedTypeSpecifier rank;
6065 Expression first_emit;
6066 LocalTemporary first_emit_temp;
6068 protected List<Expression> array_data;
6070 Dictionary<int, int> bounds;
6073 // The number of constants in array initializers
6074 int const_initializers_count;
6075 bool only_constant_initializers;
6077 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, List<Expression> exprs, ComposedTypeSpecifier rank, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location l)
6078 : this (requested_base_type, rank, initializers, l)
6080 arguments = new List<Expression> (exprs);
6081 num_arguments = arguments.Count;
6085 // For expressions like int[] foo = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 };
6087 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, ComposedTypeSpecifier rank, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location loc)
6089 this.requested_base_type = requested_base_type;
6091 this.initializers = initializers;
6095 num_arguments = rank.Dimension;
6099 // For compiler generated single dimensional arrays only
6101 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location loc)
6102 : this (requested_base_type, ComposedTypeSpecifier.SingleDimension, initializers, loc)
6107 // For expressions like int[] foo = { 1, 2, 3 };
6109 public ArrayCreation (FullNamedExpression requested_base_type, ArrayInitializer initializers)
6110 : this (requested_base_type, null, initializers, initializers.Location)
6114 public ComposedTypeSpecifier Rank {
6120 public FullNamedExpression TypeExpression {
6122 return this.requested_base_type;
6126 public ArrayInitializer Initializers {
6128 return this.initializers;
6132 bool CheckIndices (ResolveContext ec, ArrayInitializer probe, int idx, bool specified_dims, int child_bounds)
6134 if (initializers != null && bounds == null) {
6136 // We use this to store all the data values in the order in which we
6137 // will need to store them in the byte blob later
6139 array_data = new List<Expression> ();
6140 bounds = new Dictionary<int, int> ();
6143 if (specified_dims) {
6144 Expression a = arguments [idx];
6149 a = ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex (ec, a);
6155 if (initializers != null) {
6156 Constant c = a as Constant;
6157 if (c == null && a is ArrayIndexCast)
6158 c = ((ArrayIndexCast) a).Child as Constant;
6161 ec.Report.Error (150, a.Location, "A constant value is expected");
6167 value = System.Convert.ToInt32 (c.GetValue ());
6169 ec.Report.Error (150, a.Location, "A constant value is expected");
6173 // TODO: probe.Count does not fit ulong in
6174 if (value != probe.Count) {
6175 ec.Report.Error (847, loc, "An array initializer of length `{0}' was expected", value.ToString ());
6179 bounds[idx] = value;
6183 if (initializers == null)
6186 for (int i = 0; i < probe.Count; ++i) {
6188 if (o is ArrayInitializer) {
6189 var sub_probe = o as ArrayInitializer;
6190 if (idx + 1 >= dimensions){
6191 ec.Report.Error (623, loc, "Array initializers can only be used in a variable or field initializer. Try using a new expression instead");
6195 // When we don't have explicitly specified dimensions, record whatever dimension we first encounter at each level
6196 if (!bounds.ContainsKey(idx + 1))
6197 bounds[idx + 1] = sub_probe.Count;
6199 if (bounds[idx + 1] != sub_probe.Count) {
6200 ec.Report.Error(847, sub_probe.Location, "An array initializer of length `{0}' was expected", bounds[idx + 1].ToString());
6204 bool ret = CheckIndices (ec, sub_probe, idx + 1, specified_dims, child_bounds - 1);
6207 } else if (child_bounds > 1) {
6208 ec.Report.Error (846, o.Location, "A nested array initializer was expected");
6210 Expression element = ResolveArrayElement (ec, o);
6211 if (element == null)
6214 // Initializers with the default values can be ignored
6215 Constant c = element as Constant;
6217 if (!c.IsDefaultInitializer (array_element_type)) {
6218 ++const_initializers_count;
6221 only_constant_initializers = false;
6224 array_data.Add (element);
6231 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
6233 foreach (var arg in arguments) {
6234 if (arg.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
6238 return InitializersContainAwait ();
6241 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
6245 if (array_data == null) {
6246 args = new Arguments (arguments.Count + 1);
6247 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (array_element_type, loc)));
6248 foreach (Expression a in arguments)
6249 args.Add (new Argument (a.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
6251 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "NewArrayBounds", args);
6254 if (dimensions > 1) {
6255 ec.Report.Error (838, loc, "An expression tree cannot contain a multidimensional array initializer");
6259 args = new Arguments (array_data == null ? 1 : array_data.Count + 1);
6260 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (array_element_type, loc)));
6261 if (array_data != null) {
6262 for (int i = 0; i < array_data.Count; ++i) {
6263 Expression e = array_data [i];
6264 args.Add (new Argument (e.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
6268 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "NewArrayInit", args);
6271 void UpdateIndices (ResolveContext rc)
6274 for (var probe = initializers; probe != null;) {
6275 Expression e = new IntConstant (rc.BuiltinTypes, probe.Count, Location.Null);
6277 bounds[i++] = probe.Count;
6279 if (probe.Count > 0 && probe [0] is ArrayInitializer) {
6280 probe = (ArrayInitializer) probe[0];
6281 } else if (dimensions > i) {
6289 protected override void Error_NegativeArrayIndex (ResolveContext ec, Location loc)
6291 ec.Report.Error (248, loc, "Cannot create an array with a negative size");
6294 bool InitializersContainAwait ()
6296 if (array_data == null)
6299 foreach (var expr in array_data) {
6300 if (expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
6307 protected virtual Expression ResolveArrayElement (ResolveContext ec, Expression element)
6309 element = element.Resolve (ec);
6310 if (element == null)
6313 if (element is CompoundAssign.TargetExpression) {
6314 if (first_emit != null)
6315 throw new InternalErrorException ("Can only handle one mutator at a time");
6316 first_emit = element;
6317 element = first_emit_temp = new LocalTemporary (element.Type);
6320 return Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (
6321 ec, element, array_element_type, loc);
6324 protected bool ResolveInitializers (ResolveContext ec)
6327 only_constant_initializers = true;
6330 if (arguments != null) {
6332 for (int i = 0; i < arguments.Count; ++i) {
6333 res &= CheckIndices (ec, initializers, i, true, dimensions);
6334 if (initializers != null)
6341 arguments = new List<Expression> ();
6343 if (!CheckIndices (ec, initializers, 0, false, dimensions))
6352 // Resolved the type of the array
6354 bool ResolveArrayType (ResolveContext ec)
6359 FullNamedExpression array_type_expr;
6360 if (num_arguments > 0) {
6361 array_type_expr = new ComposedCast (requested_base_type, rank);
6363 array_type_expr = requested_base_type;
6366 type = array_type_expr.ResolveAsType (ec);
6367 if (array_type_expr == null)
6370 var ac = type as ArrayContainer;
6372 ec.Report.Error (622, loc, "Can only use array initializer expressions to assign to array types. Try using a new expression instead");
6376 array_element_type = ac.Element;
6377 dimensions = ac.Rank;
6382 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6387 if (!ResolveArrayType (ec))
6391 // validate the initializers and fill in any missing bits
6393 if (!ResolveInitializers (ec))
6396 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6400 byte [] MakeByteBlob ()
6405 int count = array_data.Count;
6407 TypeSpec element_type = array_element_type;
6408 if (element_type.IsEnum)
6409 element_type = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (element_type);
6411 factor = BuiltinTypeSpec.GetSize (element_type);
6413 throw new Exception ("unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + element_type);
6415 data = new byte [(count * factor + 3) & ~3];
6418 for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
6419 var c = array_data[i] as Constant;
6425 object v = c.GetValue ();
6427 switch (element_type.BuiltinType) {
6428 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
6429 long lval = (long) v;
6431 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6432 data[idx + j] = (byte) (lval & 0xFF);
6436 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
6437 ulong ulval = (ulong) v;
6439 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6440 data[idx + j] = (byte) (ulval & 0xFF);
6441 ulval = (ulval >> 8);
6444 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
6445 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((float) v);
6447 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6448 data[idx + j] = element[j];
6449 if (!BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
6450 System.Array.Reverse (data, idx, 4);
6452 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double:
6453 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((double) v);
6455 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6456 data[idx + j] = element[j];
6458 // FIXME: Handle the ARM float format.
6459 if (!BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
6460 System.Array.Reverse (data, idx, 8);
6462 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
6463 int chval = (int) ((char) v);
6465 data[idx] = (byte) (chval & 0xff);
6466 data[idx + 1] = (byte) (chval >> 8);
6468 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
6469 int sval = (int) ((short) v);
6471 data[idx] = (byte) (sval & 0xff);
6472 data[idx + 1] = (byte) (sval >> 8);
6474 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
6475 int usval = (int) ((ushort) v);
6477 data[idx] = (byte) (usval & 0xff);
6478 data[idx + 1] = (byte) (usval >> 8);
6480 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
6483 data[idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6484 data[idx + 1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
6485 data[idx + 2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
6486 data[idx + 3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
6488 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
6489 uint uval = (uint) v;
6491 data[idx] = (byte) (uval & 0xff);
6492 data[idx + 1] = (byte) ((uval >> 8) & 0xff);
6493 data[idx + 2] = (byte) ((uval >> 16) & 0xff);
6494 data[idx + 3] = (byte) (uval >> 24);
6496 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
6497 data[idx] = (byte) (sbyte) v;
6499 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
6500 data[idx] = (byte) v;
6502 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool:
6503 data[idx] = (byte) ((bool) v ? 1 : 0);
6505 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal:
6506 int[] bits = Decimal.GetBits ((decimal) v);
6509 // FIXME: For some reason, this doesn't work on the MS runtime.
6510 int[] nbits = new int[4];
6516 for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
6517 data[p++] = (byte) (nbits[j] & 0xff);
6518 data[p++] = (byte) ((nbits[j] >> 8) & 0xff);
6519 data[p++] = (byte) ((nbits[j] >> 16) & 0xff);
6520 data[p++] = (byte) (nbits[j] >> 24);
6524 throw new Exception ("Unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + element_type);
6533 #if NET_4_0 || MONODROID
6534 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
6537 return base.MakeExpression (ctx);
6539 var initializers = new SLE.Expression [array_data.Count];
6540 for (var i = 0; i < initializers.Length; i++) {
6541 if (array_data [i] == null)
6542 initializers [i] = SLE.Expression.Default (array_element_type.GetMetaInfo ());
6544 initializers [i] = array_data [i].MakeExpression (ctx);
6547 return SLE.Expression.NewArrayInit (array_element_type.GetMetaInfo (), initializers);
6553 // Emits the initializers for the array
6555 void EmitStaticInitializers (EmitContext ec, FieldExpr stackArray)
6557 var m = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.RuntimeHelpersInitializeArray.Resolve (loc);
6562 // First, the static data
6564 byte [] data = MakeByteBlob ();
6565 var fb = ec.CurrentTypeDefinition.Module.MakeStaticData (data, loc);
6567 if (stackArray == null) {
6568 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6570 stackArray.Emit (ec);
6573 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, fb);
6574 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, m);
6579 // Emits pieces of the array that can not be computed at compile
6580 // time (variables and string locations).
6582 // This always expect the top value on the stack to be the array
6584 void EmitDynamicInitializers (EmitContext ec, bool emitConstants, FieldExpr stackArray)
6586 int dims = bounds.Count;
6587 var current_pos = new int [dims];
6589 for (int i = 0; i < array_data.Count; i++){
6591 Expression e = array_data [i];
6592 var c = e as Constant;
6594 // Constant can be initialized via StaticInitializer
6595 if (c == null || (c != null && emitConstants && !c.IsDefaultInitializer (array_element_type))) {
6599 if (stackArray != null) {
6600 if (e.ContainsEmitWithAwait ()) {
6601 e = e.EmitToField (ec);
6604 stackArray.Emit (ec);
6606 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6609 for (int idx = 0; idx < dims; idx++)
6610 ec.EmitInt (current_pos [idx]);
6613 // If we are dealing with a struct, get the
6614 // address of it, so we can store it.
6616 if (dims == 1 && etype.IsStruct) {
6617 switch (etype.BuiltinType) {
6618 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
6619 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
6620 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool:
6621 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
6622 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
6623 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
6624 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
6625 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
6626 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
6627 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
6628 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
6629 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double:
6632 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, etype);
6639 ec.EmitArrayStore ((ArrayContainer) type);
6645 for (int j = dims - 1; j >= 0; j--){
6647 if (current_pos [j] < bounds [j])
6649 current_pos [j] = 0;
6654 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6656 EmitToFieldSource (ec);
6659 protected sealed override FieldExpr EmitToFieldSource (EmitContext ec)
6661 if (first_emit != null) {
6662 first_emit.Emit (ec);
6663 first_emit_temp.Store (ec);
6666 FieldExpr await_stack_field;
6667 if (ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && InitializersContainAwait ()) {
6668 await_stack_field = ec.GetTemporaryField (type);
6671 await_stack_field = null;
6674 EmitExpressionsList (ec, arguments);
6676 ec.EmitArrayNew ((ArrayContainer) type);
6678 if (initializers == null)
6679 return await_stack_field;
6681 if (await_stack_field != null)
6682 await_stack_field.EmitAssignFromStack (ec);
6686 // Emit static initializer for arrays which contain more than 2 items and
6687 // the static initializer will initialize at least 25% of array values or there
6688 // is more than 10 items to be initialized
6690 // NOTE: const_initializers_count does not contain default constant values.
6692 if (const_initializers_count > 2 && (array_data.Count > 10 || const_initializers_count * 4 > (array_data.Count)) &&
6693 (BuiltinTypeSpec.IsPrimitiveType (array_element_type) || array_element_type.IsEnum)) {
6694 EmitStaticInitializers (ec, await_stack_field);
6696 if (!only_constant_initializers)
6697 EmitDynamicInitializers (ec, false, await_stack_field);
6701 EmitDynamicInitializers (ec, true, await_stack_field);
6704 if (first_emit_temp != null)
6705 first_emit_temp.Release (ec);
6707 return await_stack_field;
6710 public override void EncodeAttributeValue (IMemberContext rc, AttributeEncoder enc, TypeSpec targetType)
6712 // no multi dimensional or jagged arrays
6713 if (arguments.Count != 1 || array_element_type.IsArray) {
6714 base.EncodeAttributeValue (rc, enc, targetType);
6718 // No array covariance, except for array -> object
6719 if (type != targetType) {
6720 if (targetType.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Object) {
6721 base.EncodeAttributeValue (rc, enc, targetType);
6725 if (enc.Encode (type) == AttributeEncoder.EncodedTypeProperties.DynamicType) {
6726 Attribute.Error_AttributeArgumentIsDynamic (rc, loc);
6731 // Single dimensional array of 0 size
6732 if (array_data == null) {
6733 IntConstant ic = arguments[0] as IntConstant;
6734 if (ic == null || !ic.IsDefaultValue) {
6735 base.EncodeAttributeValue (rc, enc, targetType);
6743 enc.Encode (array_data.Count);
6744 foreach (var element in array_data) {
6745 element.EncodeAttributeValue (rc, enc, array_element_type);
6749 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
6751 ArrayCreation target = (ArrayCreation) t;
6753 if (requested_base_type != null)
6754 target.requested_base_type = (FullNamedExpression)requested_base_type.Clone (clonectx);
6756 if (arguments != null){
6757 target.arguments = new List<Expression> (arguments.Count);
6758 foreach (Expression e in arguments)
6759 target.arguments.Add (e.Clone (clonectx));
6762 if (initializers != null)
6763 target.initializers = (ArrayInitializer) initializers.Clone (clonectx);
6766 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
6768 return visitor.Visit (this);
6773 // Represents an implicitly typed array epxression
6775 class ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation : ArrayCreation
6777 sealed class InferenceContext : TypeInferenceContext
6779 class ExpressionBoundInfo : BoundInfo
6781 readonly Expression expr;
6783 public ExpressionBoundInfo (Expression expr)
6784 : base (expr.Type, BoundKind.Lower)
6789 public override bool Equals (BoundInfo other)
6791 // We are using expression not type for conversion check
6792 // no optimization based on types is possible
6796 public override Expression GetTypeExpression ()
6802 public void AddExpression (Expression expr)
6804 AddToBounds (new ExpressionBoundInfo (expr), 0);
6808 InferenceContext best_type_inference;
6810 public ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (ComposedTypeSpecifier rank, ArrayInitializer initializers, Location loc)
6811 : base (null, rank, initializers, loc)
6815 public ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (ArrayInitializer initializers, Location loc)
6816 : base (null, initializers, loc)
6820 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6825 dimensions = rank.Dimension;
6827 best_type_inference = new InferenceContext ();
6829 if (!ResolveInitializers (ec))
6832 best_type_inference.FixAllTypes (ec);
6833 array_element_type = best_type_inference.InferredTypeArguments[0];
6834 best_type_inference = null;
6836 if (array_element_type == null ||
6837 array_element_type == InternalType.NullLiteral || array_element_type == InternalType.MethodGroup || array_element_type == InternalType.AnonymousMethod ||
6838 arguments.Count != rank.Dimension) {
6839 ec.Report.Error (826, loc,
6840 "The type of an implicitly typed array cannot be inferred from the initializer. Try specifying array type explicitly");
6845 // At this point we found common base type for all initializer elements
6846 // but we have to be sure that all static initializer elements are of
6849 UnifyInitializerElement (ec);
6851 type = ArrayContainer.MakeType (ec.Module, array_element_type, dimensions);
6852 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6857 // Converts static initializer only
6859 void UnifyInitializerElement (ResolveContext ec)
6861 for (int i = 0; i < array_data.Count; ++i) {
6862 Expression e = array_data[i];
6864 array_data [i] = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, array_element_type, Location.Null);
6868 protected override Expression ResolveArrayElement (ResolveContext ec, Expression element)
6870 element = element.Resolve (ec);
6871 if (element != null)
6872 best_type_inference.AddExpression (element);
6878 sealed class CompilerGeneratedThis : This
6880 public CompilerGeneratedThis (TypeSpec type, Location loc)
6884 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
6887 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
6892 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
6899 /// Represents the `this' construct
6902 public class This : VariableReference
6904 sealed class ThisVariable : ILocalVariable
6906 public static readonly ILocalVariable Instance = new ThisVariable ();
6908 public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6913 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec)
6915 throw new InvalidOperationException ();
6918 public void EmitAddressOf (EmitContext ec)
6924 VariableInfo variable_info;
6926 public This (Location loc)
6933 public override string Name {
6934 get { return "this"; }
6937 public override bool IsLockedByStatement {
6945 public override bool IsRef {
6946 get { return type.IsStruct; }
6949 public override bool IsSideEffectFree {
6955 protected override ILocalVariable Variable {
6956 get { return ThisVariable.Instance; }
6959 public override VariableInfo VariableInfo {
6960 get { return variable_info; }
6963 public override bool IsFixed {
6964 get { return false; }
6969 public void CheckStructThisDefiniteAssignment (ResolveContext rc)
6972 // It's null for all cases when we don't need to check `this'
6973 // definitive assignment
6975 if (variable_info == null)
6978 if (rc.OmitStructFlowAnalysis)
6981 if (!variable_info.IsAssigned (rc)) {
6982 rc.Report.Error (188, loc,
6983 "The `this' object cannot be used before all of its fields are assigned to");
6987 protected virtual void Error_ThisNotAvailable (ResolveContext ec)
6989 if (ec.IsStatic && !ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.ConstantScope)) {
6990 ec.Report.Error (26, loc, "Keyword `this' is not valid in a static property, static method, or static field initializer");
6991 } else if (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod != null) {
6992 ec.Report.Error (1673, loc,
6993 "Anonymous methods inside structs cannot access instance members of `this'. " +
6994 "Consider copying `this' to a local variable outside the anonymous method and using the local instead");
6996 ec.Report.Error (27, loc, "Keyword `this' is not available in the current context");
7000 public override HoistedVariable GetHoistedVariable (AnonymousExpression ae)
7005 AnonymousMethodStorey storey = ae.Storey;
7006 return storey != null ? storey.HoistedThis : null;
7009 public static bool IsThisAvailable (ResolveContext ec, bool ignoreAnonymous)
7011 if (ec.IsStatic || ec.HasAny (ResolveContext.Options.FieldInitializerScope | ResolveContext.Options.BaseInitializer | ResolveContext.Options.ConstantScope))
7014 if (ignoreAnonymous || ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod == null)
7017 if (ec.CurrentType.IsStruct && !(ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod is StateMachineInitializer))
7023 public virtual void ResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
7025 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7026 type = ec.CurrentType;
7028 if (!IsThisAvailable (ec, false)) {
7029 Error_ThisNotAvailable (ec);
7033 var block = ec.CurrentBlock;
7034 if (block != null) {
7035 var top = block.ParametersBlock.TopBlock;
7036 if (top.ThisVariable != null)
7037 variable_info = top.ThisVariable.VariableInfo;
7039 AnonymousExpression am = ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod;
7040 if (am != null && ec.IsVariableCapturingRequired && !block.Explicit.HasCapturedThis) {
7042 // Hoisted this is almost like hoisted variable but not exactly. When
7043 // there is no variable hoisted we can simply emit an instance method
7044 // without lifting this into a storey. Unfotunatelly this complicates
7045 // things in other cases because we don't know where this will be hoisted
7046 // until top-level block is fully resolved
7048 top.AddThisReferenceFromChildrenBlock (block.Explicit);
7049 am.SetHasThisAccess ();
7054 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7058 CheckStructThisDefiniteAssignment (ec);
7063 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
7065 if (eclass == ExprClass.Unresolved)
7068 if (variable_info != null)
7069 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
7072 if (right_side == EmptyExpression.UnaryAddress)
7073 ec.Report.Error (459, loc, "Cannot take the address of `this' because it is read-only");
7074 else if (right_side == EmptyExpression.OutAccess)
7075 ec.Report.Error (1605, loc, "Cannot pass `this' as a ref or out argument because it is read-only");
7077 ec.Report.Error (1604, loc, "Cannot assign to `this' because it is read-only");
7083 public override int GetHashCode()
7085 throw new NotImplementedException ();
7088 public override bool Equals (object obj)
7090 This t = obj as This;
7097 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7102 public override void SetHasAddressTaken ()
7107 public override void VerifyAssigned (ResolveContext rc)
7111 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7113 return visitor.Visit (this);
7118 /// Represents the `__arglist' construct
7120 public class ArglistAccess : Expression
7122 public ArglistAccess (Location loc)
7127 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
7132 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7137 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7139 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
7142 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7144 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7145 type = ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.RuntimeArgumentHandle.Resolve ();
7147 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.FieldInitializerScope) || !ec.CurrentBlock.ParametersBlock.Parameters.HasArglist) {
7148 ec.Report.Error (190, loc,
7149 "The __arglist construct is valid only within a variable argument method");
7155 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7157 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Arglist);
7160 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7162 return visitor.Visit (this);
7167 /// Represents the `__arglist (....)' construct
7169 public class Arglist : Expression
7171 Arguments arguments;
7173 public Arglist (Location loc)
7178 public Arglist (Arguments args, Location l)
7184 public Arguments Arguments {
7190 public MetaType[] ArgumentTypes {
7192 if (arguments == null)
7193 return MetaType.EmptyTypes;
7195 var retval = new MetaType[arguments.Count];
7196 for (int i = 0; i < retval.Length; i++)
7197 retval[i] = arguments[i].Expr.Type.GetMetaInfo ();
7203 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7205 throw new NotImplementedException ();
7208 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7210 ec.Report.Error (1952, loc, "An expression tree cannot contain a method with variable arguments");
7214 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7216 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7217 type = InternalType.Arglist;
7218 if (arguments != null) {
7219 bool dynamic; // Can be ignored as there is always only 1 overload
7220 arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
7226 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7228 if (arguments != null)
7229 arguments.Emit (ec);
7232 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7234 Arglist target = (Arglist) t;
7236 if (arguments != null)
7237 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
7240 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7242 return visitor.Visit (this);
7246 public class RefValueExpr : ShimExpression
7248 FullNamedExpression texpr;
7250 public RefValueExpr (Expression expr, FullNamedExpression texpr, Location loc)
7257 public FullNamedExpression TypeExpression {
7263 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7268 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
7270 expr = expr.Resolve (rc);
7271 type = texpr.ResolveAsType (rc);
7272 if (expr == null || type == null)
7275 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (rc, expr, rc.Module.PredefinedTypes.TypedReference.Resolve (), loc);
7276 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7280 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7283 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Refanyval, type);
7284 ec.EmitLoadFromPtr (type);
7287 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7289 return visitor.Visit (this);
7293 public class RefTypeExpr : ShimExpression
7295 public RefTypeExpr (Expression expr, Location loc)
7301 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
7303 expr = expr.Resolve (rc);
7307 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (rc, expr, rc.Module.PredefinedTypes.TypedReference.Resolve (), loc);
7311 type = rc.BuiltinTypes.Type;
7312 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7316 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7319 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Refanytype);
7320 var m = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.TypeGetTypeFromHandle.Resolve (loc);
7322 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, m);
7325 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7327 return visitor.Visit (this);
7331 public class MakeRefExpr : ShimExpression
7333 public MakeRefExpr (Expression expr, Location loc)
7339 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7341 throw new NotImplementedException ();
7344 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
7346 expr = expr.ResolveLValue (rc, EmptyExpression.LValueMemberAccess);
7347 type = rc.Module.PredefinedTypes.TypedReference.Resolve ();
7348 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7352 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7354 ((IMemoryLocation) expr).AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Load);
7355 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Mkrefany, expr.Type);
7358 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7360 return visitor.Visit (this);
7365 /// Implements the typeof operator
7367 public class TypeOf : Expression {
7368 FullNamedExpression QueriedType;
7371 public TypeOf (FullNamedExpression queried_type, Location l)
7373 QueriedType = queried_type;
7378 // Use this constructor for any compiler generated typeof expression
7380 public TypeOf (TypeSpec type, Location loc)
7382 this.typearg = type;
7388 public override bool IsSideEffectFree {
7394 public TypeSpec TypeArgument {
7400 public FullNamedExpression TypeExpression {
7409 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7411 TypeOf target = (TypeOf) t;
7412 if (QueriedType != null)
7413 target.QueriedType = (FullNamedExpression) QueriedType.Clone (clonectx);
7416 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7421 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7423 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
7424 args.Add (new Argument (this));
7425 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (new TypeExpression (type, loc), loc)));
7426 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
7429 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7431 if (eclass != ExprClass.Unresolved)
7434 if (typearg == null) {
7436 // Pointer types are allowed without explicit unsafe, they are just tokens
7438 using (ec.Set (ResolveContext.Options.UnsafeScope)) {
7439 typearg = QueriedType.ResolveAsType (ec);
7442 if (typearg == null)
7445 if (typearg.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
7446 ec.Report.Error (1962, QueriedType.Location,
7447 "The typeof operator cannot be used on the dynamic type");
7451 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Type;
7453 // Even though what is returned is a type object, it's treated as a value by the compiler.
7454 // In particular, 'typeof (Foo).X' is something totally different from 'Foo.X'.
7455 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7459 static bool ContainsDynamicType (TypeSpec type)
7461 if (type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic)
7464 var element_container = type as ElementTypeSpec;
7465 if (element_container != null)
7466 return ContainsDynamicType (element_container.Element);
7468 foreach (var t in type.TypeArguments) {
7469 if (ContainsDynamicType (t)) {
7477 public override void EncodeAttributeValue (IMemberContext rc, AttributeEncoder enc, TypeSpec targetType)
7479 // Target type is not System.Type therefore must be object
7480 // and we need to use different encoding sequence
7481 if (targetType != type)
7484 if (typearg is InflatedTypeSpec) {
7487 if (InflatedTypeSpec.ContainsTypeParameter (gt)) {
7488 rc.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (416, loc, "`{0}': an attribute argument cannot use type parameters",
7489 typearg.GetSignatureForError ());
7493 gt = gt.DeclaringType;
7494 } while (gt != null);
7497 if (ContainsDynamicType (typearg)) {
7498 Attribute.Error_AttributeArgumentIsDynamic (rc, loc);
7502 enc.EncodeTypeName (typearg);
7505 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7507 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, typearg);
7508 var m = ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.TypeGetTypeFromHandle.Resolve (loc);
7510 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, m);
7513 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7515 return visitor.Visit (this);
7519 sealed class TypeOfMethod : TypeOfMember<MethodSpec>
7521 public TypeOfMethod (MethodSpec method, Location loc)
7522 : base (method, loc)
7526 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7528 if (member.IsConstructor) {
7529 type = ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.ConstructorInfo.Resolve ();
7531 type = ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.MethodInfo.Resolve ();
7537 return base.DoResolve (ec);
7540 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7542 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, member);
7545 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Castclass, type);
7548 protected override PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> GetTypeFromHandle (EmitContext ec)
7550 return ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.MethodInfoGetMethodFromHandle;
7553 protected override PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> GetTypeFromHandleGeneric (EmitContext ec)
7555 return ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.MethodInfoGetMethodFromHandle2;
7559 abstract class TypeOfMember<T> : Expression where T : MemberSpec
7561 protected readonly T member;
7563 protected TypeOfMember (T member, Location loc)
7565 this.member = member;
7569 public override bool IsSideEffectFree {
7575 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7580 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7582 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
7583 args.Add (new Argument (this));
7584 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (type, loc)));
7585 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Constant", args);
7588 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7590 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7594 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7596 bool is_generic = member.DeclaringType.IsGenericOrParentIsGeneric;
7597 PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> p;
7599 p = GetTypeFromHandleGeneric (ec);
7600 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, member.DeclaringType);
7602 p = GetTypeFromHandle (ec);
7605 var mi = p.Resolve (loc);
7607 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, mi);
7610 protected abstract PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> GetTypeFromHandle (EmitContext ec);
7611 protected abstract PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> GetTypeFromHandleGeneric (EmitContext ec);
7614 sealed class TypeOfField : TypeOfMember<FieldSpec>
7616 public TypeOfField (FieldSpec field, Location loc)
7621 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7623 type = ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.FieldInfo.Resolve ();
7627 return base.DoResolve (ec);
7630 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7632 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, member);
7636 protected override PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> GetTypeFromHandle (EmitContext ec)
7638 return ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.FieldInfoGetFieldFromHandle;
7641 protected override PredefinedMember<MethodSpec> GetTypeFromHandleGeneric (EmitContext ec)
7643 return ec.Module.PredefinedMembers.FieldInfoGetFieldFromHandle2;
7648 /// Implements the sizeof expression
7650 public class SizeOf : Expression {
7651 readonly Expression texpr;
7652 TypeSpec type_queried;
7654 public SizeOf (Expression queried_type, Location l)
7656 this.texpr = queried_type;
7660 public override bool IsSideEffectFree {
7666 public Expression TypeExpression {
7672 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
7677 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
7679 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
7683 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7685 type_queried = texpr.ResolveAsType (ec);
7686 if (type_queried == null)
7689 if (type_queried.IsEnum)
7690 type_queried = EnumSpec.GetUnderlyingType (type_queried);
7692 int size_of = BuiltinTypeSpec.GetSize (type_queried);
7694 return new IntConstant (ec.BuiltinTypes, size_of, loc);
7697 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Module, type_queried, loc)){
7702 ec.Report.Error (233, loc,
7703 "`{0}' does not have a predefined size, therefore sizeof can only be used in an unsafe context (consider using System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SizeOf)",
7704 TypeManager.CSharpName (type_queried));
7707 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Int;
7708 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7712 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7714 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, type_queried);
7717 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7721 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7723 return visitor.Visit (this);
7728 /// Implements the qualified-alias-member (::) expression.
7730 public class QualifiedAliasMember : MemberAccess
7732 readonly string alias;
7733 public static readonly string GlobalAlias = "global";
7735 public QualifiedAliasMember (string alias, string identifier, Location l)
7736 : base (null, identifier, l)
7741 public QualifiedAliasMember (string alias, string identifier, TypeArguments targs, Location l)
7742 : base (null, identifier, targs, l)
7747 public QualifiedAliasMember (string alias, string identifier, int arity, Location l)
7748 : base (null, identifier, arity, l)
7753 public string Alias {
7759 public override FullNamedExpression ResolveAsTypeOrNamespace (IMemberContext ec)
7761 if (alias == GlobalAlias) {
7762 expr = ec.Module.GlobalRootNamespace;
7763 return base.ResolveAsTypeOrNamespace (ec);
7766 int errors = ec.Module.Compiler.Report.Errors;
7767 expr = ec.LookupNamespaceAlias (alias);
7769 if (errors == ec.Module.Compiler.Report.Errors)
7770 ec.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (432, loc, "Alias `{0}' not found", alias);
7774 return base.ResolveAsTypeOrNamespace (ec);
7777 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
7779 return ResolveAsTypeOrNamespace (ec);
7782 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
7785 if (targs != null) {
7786 name = Name + "<" + targs.GetSignatureForError () + ">";
7789 return alias + "::" + name;
7792 public override Expression LookupNameExpression (ResolveContext rc, MemberLookupRestrictions restrictions)
7794 if ((restrictions & MemberLookupRestrictions.InvocableOnly) != 0) {
7795 rc.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (687, loc,
7796 "The namespace alias qualifier `::' cannot be used to invoke a method. Consider using `.' instead",
7797 GetSignatureForError ());
7802 return DoResolve (rc);
7805 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
7810 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
7812 return visitor.Visit (this);
7817 /// Implements the member access expression
7819 public class MemberAccess : ATypeNameExpression
7821 protected Expression expr;
7823 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string id)
7824 : base (id, expr.Location)
7829 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string identifier, Location loc)
7830 : base (identifier, loc)
7835 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string identifier, TypeArguments args, Location loc)
7836 : base (identifier, args, loc)
7841 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string identifier, int arity, Location loc)
7842 : base (identifier, arity, loc)
7847 public Expression LeftExpression {
7853 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext rc)
7855 var e = DoResolveName (rc, null);
7857 if (!rc.OmitStructFlowAnalysis) {
7858 var fe = e as FieldExpr;
7860 fe.VerifyAssignedStructField (rc, null);
7867 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext rc, Expression rhs)
7869 var e = DoResolveName (rc, rhs);
7871 if (!rc.OmitStructFlowAnalysis) {
7872 var fe = e as FieldExpr;
7873 if (fe != null && fe.InstanceExpression is FieldExpr) {
7874 fe = (FieldExpr) fe.InstanceExpression;
7875 fe.VerifyAssignedStructField (rc, rhs);
7882 Expression DoResolveName (ResolveContext rc, Expression right_side)
7884 Expression e = LookupNameExpression (rc, right_side == null ? MemberLookupRestrictions.ReadAccess : MemberLookupRestrictions.None);
7888 if (right_side != null) {
7889 if (e is TypeExpr) {
7890 e.Error_UnexpectedKind (rc, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue, loc);
7894 e = e.ResolveLValue (rc, right_side);
7896 e = e.Resolve (rc, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type);
7902 protected virtual void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext rc, TypeSpec type)
7904 if (type == InternalType.NullLiteral && rc.IsRuntimeBinder)
7905 rc.Report.Error (Report.RuntimeErrorId, loc, "Cannot perform member binding on `null' value");
7907 expr.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (rc, loc, ".", type);
7910 public Location GetLeftExpressionLocation ()
7912 Expression expr = LeftExpression;
7913 MemberAccess ma = expr as MemberAccess;
7914 while (ma != null && ma.LeftExpression != null) {
7915 expr = ma.LeftExpression;
7916 ma = expr as MemberAccess;
7919 return expr == null ? Location : expr.Location;
7922 public static bool IsValidDotExpression (TypeSpec type)
7924 const MemberKind dot_kinds = MemberKind.Class | MemberKind.Struct | MemberKind.Delegate | MemberKind.Enum |
7925 MemberKind.Interface | MemberKind.TypeParameter | MemberKind.ArrayType;
7927 return (type.Kind & dot_kinds) != 0 || type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic;
7930 public override Expression LookupNameExpression (ResolveContext rc, MemberLookupRestrictions restrictions)
7932 var sn = expr as SimpleName;
7933 const ResolveFlags flags = ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type;
7936 // Resolve the expression with flow analysis turned off, we'll do the definite
7937 // assignment checks later. This is because we don't know yet what the expression
7938 // will resolve to - it may resolve to a FieldExpr and in this case we must do the
7939 // definite assignment check on the actual field and not on the whole struct.
7941 using (rc.Set (ResolveContext.Options.OmitStructFlowAnalysis)) {
7943 expr = sn.LookupNameExpression (rc, MemberLookupRestrictions.ReadAccess | MemberLookupRestrictions.ExactArity);
7946 // Resolve expression which does have type set as we need expression type
7947 // with disable flow analysis as we don't know whether left side expression
7948 // is used as variable or type
7950 if (expr is VariableReference || expr is ConstantExpr || expr is Linq.TransparentMemberAccess) {
7951 using (rc.With (ResolveContext.Options.DoFlowAnalysis, false)) {
7952 expr = expr.Resolve (rc);
7954 } else if (expr is TypeParameterExpr) {
7955 expr.Error_UnexpectedKind (rc, flags, sn.Location);
7959 expr = expr.Resolve (rc, flags);
7966 Namespace ns = expr as Namespace;
7968 var retval = ns.LookupTypeOrNamespace (rc, Name, Arity, LookupMode.Normal, loc);
7970 if (retval == null) {
7971 ns.Error_NamespaceDoesNotExist (rc, Name, Arity, loc);
7975 if (HasTypeArguments)
7976 return new GenericTypeExpr (retval.Type, targs, loc);
7982 TypeSpec expr_type = expr.Type;
7983 if (expr_type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
7984 me = expr as MemberExpr;
7986 me.ResolveInstanceExpression (rc, null);
7989 // Run defined assigned checks on expressions resolved with
7990 // disabled flow-analysis
7993 var vr = expr as VariableReference;
7995 vr.VerifyAssigned (rc);
7998 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
7999 args.Add (new Argument (expr));
8000 return new DynamicMemberBinder (Name, args, loc);
8003 if (!IsValidDotExpression (expr_type)) {
8004 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (rc, expr_type);
8008 var lookup_arity = Arity;
8009 bool errorMode = false;
8010 Expression member_lookup;
8012 member_lookup = MemberLookup (rc, errorMode, expr_type, Name, lookup_arity, restrictions, loc);
8013 if (member_lookup == null) {
8015 // Try to look for extension method when member lookup failed
8017 if (MethodGroupExpr.IsExtensionMethodArgument (expr)) {
8018 var methods = rc.LookupExtensionMethod (expr_type, Name, lookup_arity);
8019 if (methods != null) {
8020 var emg = new ExtensionMethodGroupExpr (methods, expr, loc);
8021 if (HasTypeArguments) {
8022 if (!targs.Resolve (rc))
8025 emg.SetTypeArguments (rc, targs);
8029 // Run defined assigned checks on expressions resolved with
8030 // disabled flow-analysis
8032 if (sn != null && !errorMode) {
8033 var vr = expr as VariableReference;
8035 vr.VerifyAssigned (rc);
8038 // TODO: it should really skip the checks bellow
8039 return emg.Resolve (rc);
8045 if (member_lookup == null) {
8046 var dep = expr_type.GetMissingDependencies ();
8048 ImportedTypeDefinition.Error_MissingDependency (rc, dep, loc);
8049 } else if (expr is TypeExpr) {
8050 base.Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (rc, expr_type, Name);
8052 Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (rc, expr_type, Name);
8058 if (member_lookup is MethodGroupExpr) {
8059 // Leave it to overload resolution to report correct error
8060 } else if (!(member_lookup is TypeExpr)) {
8061 // TODO: rc.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError
8062 ErrorIsInaccesible (rc, member_lookup.GetSignatureForError (), loc);
8067 if (member_lookup != null)
8071 restrictions &= ~MemberLookupRestrictions.InvocableOnly;
8075 TypeExpr texpr = member_lookup as TypeExpr;
8076 if (texpr != null) {
8077 if (!(expr is TypeExpr)) {
8078 me = expr as MemberExpr;
8079 if (me == null || me.ProbeIdenticalTypeName (rc, expr, sn) == expr) {
8080 rc.Report.Error (572, loc, "`{0}': cannot reference a type through an expression; try `{1}' instead",
8081 Name, member_lookup.GetSignatureForError ());
8086 if (!texpr.Type.IsAccessible (rc)) {
8087 rc.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (member_lookup.Type);
8088 ErrorIsInaccesible (rc, member_lookup.Type.GetSignatureForError (), loc);
8092 if (HasTypeArguments) {
8093 return new GenericTypeExpr (member_lookup.Type, targs, loc);
8096 return member_lookup;
8099 me = member_lookup as MemberExpr;
8101 if (sn != null && me.IsStatic && (expr = me.ProbeIdenticalTypeName (rc, expr, sn)) != expr) {
8105 me = me.ResolveMemberAccess (rc, expr, sn);
8108 if (!targs.Resolve (rc))
8111 me.SetTypeArguments (rc, targs);
8115 // Run defined assigned checks on expressions resolved with
8116 // disabled flow-analysis
8118 if (sn != null && !(me is FieldExpr && TypeSpec.IsValueType (expr_type))) {
8119 var vr = expr as VariableReference;
8121 vr.VerifyAssigned (rc);
8127 public override FullNamedExpression ResolveAsTypeOrNamespace (IMemberContext rc)
8129 FullNamedExpression fexpr = expr as FullNamedExpression;
8130 if (fexpr == null) {
8131 expr.ResolveAsType (rc);
8135 FullNamedExpression expr_resolved = fexpr.ResolveAsTypeOrNamespace (rc);
8137 if (expr_resolved == null)
8140 Namespace ns = expr_resolved as Namespace;
8142 FullNamedExpression retval = ns.LookupTypeOrNamespace (rc, Name, Arity, LookupMode.Normal, loc);
8144 if (retval == null) {
8145 ns.Error_NamespaceDoesNotExist (rc, Name, Arity, loc);
8146 } else if (HasTypeArguments) {
8147 retval = new GenericTypeExpr (retval.Type, targs, loc);
8148 if (retval.ResolveAsType (rc) == null)
8155 var tnew_expr = expr_resolved.ResolveAsType (rc);
8156 if (tnew_expr == null)
8159 TypeSpec expr_type = tnew_expr;
8160 if (TypeManager.IsGenericParameter (expr_type)) {
8161 rc.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (704, loc, "A nested type cannot be specified through a type parameter `{0}'",
8162 tnew_expr.GetSignatureForError ());
8166 var qam = this as QualifiedAliasMember;
8168 rc.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (431, loc,
8169 "Alias `{0}' cannot be used with `::' since it denotes a type. Consider replacing `::' with `.'",
8174 TypeSpec nested = null;
8175 while (expr_type != null) {
8176 nested = MemberCache.FindNestedType (expr_type, Name, Arity);
8177 if (nested == null) {
8178 if (expr_type == tnew_expr) {
8179 Error_IdentifierNotFound (rc, expr_type, Name);
8183 expr_type = tnew_expr;
8184 nested = MemberCache.FindNestedType (expr_type, Name, Arity);
8185 ErrorIsInaccesible (rc, nested.GetSignatureForError (), loc);
8189 if (nested.IsAccessible (rc))
8193 // Keep looking after inaccessible candidate but only if
8194 // we are not in same context as the definition itself
8196 if (expr_type.MemberDefinition == rc.CurrentMemberDefinition)
8199 expr_type = expr_type.BaseType;
8204 if (HasTypeArguments) {
8205 texpr = new GenericTypeExpr (nested, targs, loc);
8207 texpr = new GenericOpenTypeExpr (nested, loc);
8210 texpr = new TypeExpression (nested, loc);
8213 if (texpr.ResolveAsType (rc) == null)
8219 protected virtual void Error_IdentifierNotFound (IMemberContext rc, TypeSpec expr_type, string identifier)
8221 var nested = MemberCache.FindNestedType (expr_type, Name, -System.Math.Max (1, Arity));
8223 if (nested != null) {
8224 Error_TypeArgumentsCannotBeUsed (rc, nested, Arity, expr.Location);
8228 var any_other_member = MemberLookup (rc, false, expr_type, Name, 0, MemberLookupRestrictions.None, loc);
8229 if (any_other_member != null) {
8230 any_other_member.Error_UnexpectedKind (rc, any_other_member, "type", any_other_member.ExprClassName, loc);
8234 rc.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (426, loc, "The nested type `{0}' does not exist in the type `{1}'",
8235 Name, expr_type.GetSignatureForError ());
8238 protected override void Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec type, string name)
8240 if (ec.Module.Compiler.Settings.Version > LanguageVersion.ISO_2 && !ec.IsRuntimeBinder && MethodGroupExpr.IsExtensionMethodArgument (expr)) {
8241 ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (type);
8243 var cand = ec.Module.GlobalRootNamespace.FindExtensionMethodNamespaces (ec, type, name, Arity);
8245 // a using directive or an assembly reference
8247 missing = "`" + string.Join ("' or `", cand.ToArray ()) + "' using directive";
8249 missing = "an assembly reference";
8252 ec.Report.Error (1061, loc,
8253 "Type `{0}' does not contain a definition for `{1}' and no extension method `{1}' of type `{0}' could be found. Are you missing {2}?",
8254 type.GetSignatureForError (), name, missing);
8258 base.Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ec, type, name);
8261 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
8263 return expr.GetSignatureForError () + "." + base.GetSignatureForError ();
8266 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8268 MemberAccess target = (MemberAccess) t;
8270 target.expr = expr.Clone (clonectx);
8273 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
8275 return visitor.Visit (this);
8280 /// Implements checked expressions
8282 public class CheckedExpr : Expression {
8284 public Expression Expr;
8286 public CheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
8292 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
8294 return Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
8297 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8299 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true))
8300 return Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
8303 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8305 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, true))
8306 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
8311 if (Expr is Constant || Expr is MethodGroupExpr || Expr is AnonymousMethodExpression || Expr is DefaultValueExpression)
8314 eclass = Expr.eclass;
8319 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8321 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope, true))
8325 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
8327 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope, true))
8328 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
8331 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
8333 using (ctx.With (BuilderContext.Options.CheckedScope, true)) {
8334 return Expr.MakeExpression (ctx);
8338 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8340 CheckedExpr target = (CheckedExpr) t;
8342 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
8345 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
8347 return visitor.Visit (this);
8352 /// Implements the unchecked expression
8354 public class UnCheckedExpr : Expression {
8356 public Expression Expr;
8358 public UnCheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
8364 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
8366 return Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
8369 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8371 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, false))
8372 return Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
8375 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8377 using (ec.With (ResolveContext.Options.AllCheckStateFlags, false))
8378 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
8383 if (Expr is Constant || Expr is MethodGroupExpr || Expr is AnonymousMethodExpression || Expr is DefaultValueExpression)
8386 eclass = Expr.eclass;
8391 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8393 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope, false))
8397 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool on_true)
8399 using (ec.With (EmitContext.Options.CheckedScope, false))
8400 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, on_true);
8403 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8405 UnCheckedExpr target = (UnCheckedExpr) t;
8407 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
8410 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
8412 return visitor.Visit (this);
8417 /// An Element Access expression.
8419 /// During semantic analysis these are transformed into
8420 /// IndexerAccess, ArrayAccess or a PointerArithmetic.
8422 public class ElementAccess : Expression
8424 public Arguments Arguments;
8425 public Expression Expr;
8427 public ElementAccess (Expression e, Arguments args, Location loc)
8431 this.Arguments = args;
8434 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
8436 return Expr.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || Arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
8440 // We perform some simple tests, and then to "split" the emit and store
8441 // code we create an instance of a different class, and return that.
8443 Expression CreateAccessExpression (ResolveContext ec)
8446 return (new ArrayAccess (this, loc));
8449 return MakePointerAccess (ec, type);
8451 FieldExpr fe = Expr as FieldExpr;
8453 var ff = fe.Spec as FixedFieldSpec;
8455 return MakePointerAccess (ec, ff.ElementType);
8459 var indexers = MemberCache.FindMembers (type, MemberCache.IndexerNameAlias, false);
8460 if (indexers != null || type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
8461 return new IndexerExpr (indexers, type, this);
8464 if (type != InternalType.ErrorType) {
8465 ec.Report.Error (21, loc, "Cannot apply indexing with [] to an expression of type `{0}'",
8466 type.GetSignatureForError ());
8472 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8474 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, Arguments,
8475 Expr.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
8477 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "ArrayIndex", args);
8480 Expression MakePointerAccess (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec type)
8482 if (Arguments.Count != 1){
8483 ec.Report.Error (196, loc, "A pointer must be indexed by only one value");
8487 if (Arguments [0] is NamedArgument)
8488 Error_NamedArgument ((NamedArgument) Arguments[0], ec.Report);
8490 Expression p = new PointerArithmetic (Binary.Operator.Addition, Expr, Arguments [0].Expr.Resolve (ec), type, loc);
8491 return new Indirection (p, loc);
8494 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8496 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
8502 // TODO: Create 1 result for Resolve and ResolveLValue ?
8503 var res = CreateAccessExpression (ec);
8507 return res.Resolve (ec);
8510 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression rhs)
8512 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
8518 var res = CreateAccessExpression (ec);
8522 bool lvalue_instance = rhs != null && type.IsStruct && (Expr is Invocation || Expr is PropertyExpr);
8523 if (lvalue_instance) {
8524 Expr.Error_ValueAssignment (ec, EmptyExpression.LValueMemberAccess);
8527 return res.ResolveLValue (ec, rhs);
8530 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8532 throw new Exception ("Should never be reached");
8535 public static void Error_NamedArgument (NamedArgument na, Report Report)
8537 Report.Error (1742, na.Location, "An element access expression cannot use named argument");
8540 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
8542 return Expr.GetSignatureForError ();
8545 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
8547 ElementAccess target = (ElementAccess) t;
8549 target.Expr = Expr.Clone (clonectx);
8550 if (Arguments != null)
8551 target.Arguments = Arguments.Clone (clonectx);
8554 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
8556 return visitor.Visit (this);
8561 /// Implements array access
8563 public class ArrayAccess : Expression, IDynamicAssign, IMemoryLocation {
8565 // Points to our "data" repository
8569 LocalTemporary temp;
8571 bool? has_await_args;
8573 public ArrayAccess (ElementAccess ea_data, Location l)
8579 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
8581 var ac = (ArrayContainer) ea.Expr.Type;
8583 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, false, false);
8585 if (ac.Element.IsGenericParameter && mode == AddressOp.Load)
8586 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Readonly);
8588 ec.EmitArrayAddress (ac);
8591 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8593 return ea.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
8596 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
8598 return ea.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
8601 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
8603 return DoResolve (ec);
8606 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
8608 // dynamic is used per argument in ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex case
8610 ea.Arguments.Resolve (ec, out dynamic);
8612 var ac = ea.Expr.Type as ArrayContainer;
8613 int rank = ea.Arguments.Count;
8614 if (ac.Rank != rank) {
8615 ec.Report.Error (22, ea.Location, "Wrong number of indexes `{0}' inside [], expected `{1}'",
8616 rank.ToString (), ac.Rank.ToString ());
8621 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.IsUnsafe) {
8622 UnsafeError (ec, ea.Location);
8625 foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments) {
8626 if (a is NamedArgument)
8627 ElementAccess.Error_NamedArgument ((NamedArgument) a, ec.Report);
8629 a.Expr = ConvertExpressionToArrayIndex (ec, a.Expr);
8632 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
8637 protected override void Error_NegativeArrayIndex (ResolveContext ec, Location loc)
8639 ec.Report.Warning (251, 2, loc, "Indexing an array with a negative index (array indices always start at zero)");
8643 // Load the array arguments into the stack.
8645 void LoadInstanceAndArguments (EmitContext ec, bool duplicateArguments, bool prepareAwait)
8648 ea.Expr = ea.Expr.EmitToField (ec);
8649 } else if (duplicateArguments) {
8651 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8653 var copy = new LocalTemporary (ea.Expr.Type);
8660 var dup_args = ea.Arguments.Emit (ec, duplicateArguments, prepareAwait);
8661 if (dup_args != null)
8662 ea.Arguments = dup_args;
8665 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
8667 var ac = ea.Expr.Type as ArrayContainer;
8670 ec.EmitLoadFromPtr (type);
8672 if (!has_await_args.HasValue && ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && ea.Arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ()) {
8673 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, false, true);
8676 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, false, false);
8677 ec.EmitArrayLoad (ac);
8681 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8682 temp = new LocalTemporary (this.type);
8687 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8692 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool isCompound)
8694 var ac = (ArrayContainer) ea.Expr.Type;
8695 TypeSpec t = source.Type;
8697 has_await_args = ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && (ea.Arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || source.ContainsEmitWithAwait ());
8700 // When we are dealing with a struct, get the address of it to avoid value copy
8701 // Same cannot be done for reference type because array covariance and the
8702 // check in ldelema requires to specify the type of array element stored at the index
8704 if (t.IsStruct && ((isCompound && !(source is DynamicExpressionStatement)) || !BuiltinTypeSpec.IsPrimitiveType (t))) {
8705 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, false, has_await_args.Value);
8707 if (has_await_args.Value) {
8708 if (source.ContainsEmitWithAwait ()) {
8709 source = source.EmitToField (ec);
8714 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, isCompound, false);
8719 ec.EmitArrayAddress (ac);
8722 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8726 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, isCompound, has_await_args.Value);
8728 if (has_await_args.Value) {
8729 if (source.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
8730 source = source.EmitToField (ec);
8732 LoadInstanceAndArguments (ec, false, false);
8739 var lt = ea.Expr as LocalTemporary;
8745 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8746 temp = new LocalTemporary (this.type);
8751 ec.EmitStoreFromPtr (t);
8753 ec.EmitArrayStore (ac);
8762 public override Expression EmitToField (EmitContext ec)
8765 // Have to be specialized for arrays to get access to
8766 // underlying element. Instead of another result copy we
8767 // need direct access to element
8771 // CallRef (ref a[await Task.Factory.StartNew (() => 1)]);
8773 ea.Expr = ea.Expr.EmitToField (ec);
8777 public SLE.Expression MakeAssignExpression (BuilderContext ctx, Expression source)
8779 #if NET_4_0 || MONODROID
8780 return SLE.Expression.ArrayAccess (ea.Expr.MakeExpression (ctx), MakeExpressionArguments (ctx));
8782 throw new NotImplementedException ();
8786 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
8788 return SLE.Expression.ArrayIndex (ea.Expr.MakeExpression (ctx), MakeExpressionArguments (ctx));
8791 SLE.Expression[] MakeExpressionArguments (BuilderContext ctx)
8793 using (ctx.With (BuilderContext.Options.CheckedScope, true)) {
8794 return Arguments.MakeExpression (ea.Arguments, ctx);
8800 // Indexer access expression
8802 sealed class IndexerExpr : PropertyOrIndexerExpr<IndexerSpec>, OverloadResolver.IBaseMembersProvider
8804 IList<MemberSpec> indexers;
8805 Arguments arguments;
8806 TypeSpec queried_type;
8808 public IndexerExpr (IList<MemberSpec> indexers, TypeSpec queriedType, ElementAccess ea)
8809 : base (ea.Location)
8811 this.indexers = indexers;
8812 this.queried_type = queriedType;
8813 this.InstanceExpression = ea.Expr;
8814 this.arguments = ea.Arguments;
8819 protected override Arguments Arguments {
8828 protected override TypeSpec DeclaringType {
8830 return best_candidate.DeclaringType;
8834 public override bool IsInstance {
8840 public override bool IsStatic {
8846 public override string KindName {
8847 get { return "indexer"; }
8850 public override string Name {
8858 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
8860 return base.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
8863 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
8865 Arguments args = Arguments.CreateForExpressionTree (ec, arguments,
8866 InstanceExpression.CreateExpressionTree (ec),
8867 new TypeOfMethod (Getter, loc));
8869 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Call", args);
8872 public override void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool isCompound)
8874 LocalTemporary await_source_arg = null;
8877 emitting_compound_assignment = true;
8878 if (source is DynamicExpressionStatement) {
8883 emitting_compound_assignment = false;
8885 if (has_await_arguments) {
8886 await_source_arg = new LocalTemporary (Type);
8887 await_source_arg.Store (ec);
8889 arguments.Add (new Argument (await_source_arg));
8892 temp = await_source_arg;
8895 has_await_arguments = false;
8900 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8901 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
8907 if (ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && (arguments.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || source.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())) {
8908 source = source.EmitToField (ec);
8910 temp = new LocalTemporary (Type);
8917 arguments.Add (new Argument (source));
8920 var call = new CallEmitter ();
8921 call.InstanceExpression = InstanceExpression;
8922 if (arguments == null)
8923 call.InstanceExpressionOnStack = true;
8925 call.Emit (ec, Setter, arguments, loc);
8930 } else if (leave_copy) {
8934 if (await_source_arg != null) {
8935 await_source_arg.Release (ec);
8939 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
8941 return best_candidate.GetSignatureForError ();
8944 public override SLE.Expression MakeAssignExpression (BuilderContext ctx, Expression source)
8947 throw new NotSupportedException ();
8949 var value = new[] { source.MakeExpression (ctx) };
8950 var args = Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx).Concat (value);
8951 #if NET_4_0 || MONODROID
8952 return SLE.Expression.Block (
8953 SLE.Expression.Call (InstanceExpression.MakeExpression (ctx), (MethodInfo) Setter.GetMetaInfo (), args),
8956 return args.First ();
8961 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
8964 return base.MakeExpression (ctx);
8966 var args = Arguments.MakeExpression (arguments, ctx);
8967 return SLE.Expression.Call (InstanceExpression.MakeExpression (ctx), (MethodInfo) Getter.GetMetaInfo (), args);
8971 protected override Expression OverloadResolve (ResolveContext rc, Expression right_side)
8973 if (best_candidate != null)
8976 eclass = ExprClass.IndexerAccess;
8979 arguments.Resolve (rc, out dynamic);
8981 if (indexers == null && InstanceExpression.Type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
8984 var res = new OverloadResolver (indexers, OverloadResolver.Restrictions.None, loc);
8985 res.BaseMembersProvider = this;
8986 res.InstanceQualifier = this;
8988 // TODO: Do I need 2 argument sets?
8989 best_candidate = res.ResolveMember<IndexerSpec> (rc, ref arguments);
8990 if (best_candidate != null)
8991 type = res.BestCandidateReturnType;
8992 else if (!res.BestCandidateIsDynamic)
8997 // It has dynamic arguments
9000 Arguments args = new Arguments (arguments.Count + 1);
9002 rc.Report.Error (1972, loc,
9003 "The indexer base access cannot be dynamically dispatched. Consider casting the dynamic arguments or eliminating the base access");
9005 args.Add (new Argument (InstanceExpression));
9007 args.AddRange (arguments);
9009 best_candidate = null;
9010 return new DynamicIndexBinder (args, loc);
9014 // Try to avoid resolving left expression again
9016 if (right_side != null)
9017 ResolveInstanceExpression (rc, right_side);
9022 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9024 IndexerExpr target = (IndexerExpr) t;
9026 if (arguments != null)
9027 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
9030 public override void SetTypeArguments (ResolveContext ec, TypeArguments ta)
9032 Error_TypeArgumentsCannotBeUsed (ec, "indexer", GetSignatureForError (), loc);
9035 #region IBaseMembersProvider Members
9037 IList<MemberSpec> OverloadResolver.IBaseMembersProvider.GetBaseMembers (TypeSpec baseType)
9039 return baseType == null ? null : MemberCache.FindMembers (baseType, MemberCache.IndexerNameAlias, false);
9042 IParametersMember OverloadResolver.IBaseMembersProvider.GetOverrideMemberParameters (MemberSpec member)
9044 if (queried_type == member.DeclaringType)
9047 var filter = new MemberFilter (MemberCache.IndexerNameAlias, 0, MemberKind.Indexer, ((IndexerSpec) member).Parameters, null);
9048 return MemberCache.FindMember (queried_type, filter, BindingRestriction.InstanceOnly | BindingRestriction.OverrideOnly) as IParametersMember;
9051 MethodGroupExpr OverloadResolver.IBaseMembersProvider.LookupExtensionMethod (ResolveContext rc)
9060 // A base access expression
9062 public class BaseThis : This
9064 public BaseThis (Location loc)
9069 public BaseThis (TypeSpec type, Location loc)
9073 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
9078 public override string Name {
9086 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9088 ec.Report.Error (831, loc, "An expression tree may not contain a base access");
9089 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
9092 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9096 var context_type = ec.CurrentType;
9097 if (context_type.IsStruct) {
9098 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldobj, context_type);
9099 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Box, context_type);
9103 protected override void Error_ThisNotAvailable (ResolveContext ec)
9106 ec.Report.Error (1511, loc, "Keyword `base' is not available in a static method");
9108 ec.Report.Error (1512, loc, "Keyword `base' is not available in the current context");
9112 public override void ResolveBase (ResolveContext ec)
9114 base.ResolveBase (ec);
9115 type = ec.CurrentType.BaseType;
9118 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
9120 return visitor.Visit (this);
9125 /// This class exists solely to pass the Type around and to be a dummy
9126 /// that can be passed to the conversion functions (this is used by
9127 /// foreach implementation to typecast the object return value from
9128 /// get_Current into the proper type. All code has been generated and
9129 /// we only care about the side effect conversions to be performed
9131 /// This is also now used as a placeholder where a no-action expression
9132 /// is needed (the `New' class).
9134 public class EmptyExpression : Expression
9136 sealed class OutAccessExpression : EmptyExpression
9138 public OutAccessExpression (TypeSpec t)
9143 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext rc, Expression right_side)
9145 rc.Report.Error (206, right_side.Location,
9146 "A property, indexer or dynamic member access may not be passed as `ref' or `out' parameter");
9152 public static readonly EmptyExpression LValueMemberAccess = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9153 public static readonly EmptyExpression LValueMemberOutAccess = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9154 public static readonly EmptyExpression UnaryAddress = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9155 public static readonly EmptyExpression EventAddition = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9156 public static readonly EmptyExpression EventSubtraction = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9157 public static readonly EmptyExpression MissingValue = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9158 public static readonly Expression Null = new EmptyExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9159 public static readonly EmptyExpression OutAccess = new OutAccessExpression (InternalType.FakeInternalType);
9161 public EmptyExpression (TypeSpec t)
9164 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9165 loc = Location.Null;
9168 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9173 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9175 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
9178 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9183 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9185 // nothing, as we only exist to not do anything.
9188 public override void EmitSideEffect (EmitContext ec)
9192 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
9194 return visitor.Visit (this);
9198 sealed class EmptyAwaitExpression : EmptyExpression
9200 public EmptyAwaitExpression (TypeSpec type)
9205 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9212 // Empty statement expression
9214 public sealed class EmptyExpressionStatement : ExpressionStatement
9216 public static readonly EmptyExpressionStatement Instance = new EmptyExpressionStatement ();
9218 private EmptyExpressionStatement ()
9220 loc = Location.Null;
9223 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9228 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9233 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
9238 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9240 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9241 type = ec.BuiltinTypes.Object;
9245 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9250 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
9252 return visitor.Visit (this);
9256 public class ErrorExpression : EmptyExpression
9258 public static readonly ErrorExpression Instance = new ErrorExpression ();
9260 private ErrorExpression ()
9261 : base (InternalType.ErrorType)
9265 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9270 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext rc, Expression right_side)
9275 public override void Error_ValueAssignment (ResolveContext rc, Expression rhs)
9279 public override void Error_UnexpectedKind (ResolveContext ec, ResolveFlags flags, Location loc)
9283 public override void Error_ValueCannotBeConverted (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec target, bool expl)
9287 public override void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (ResolveContext rc, Location loc, string oper, TypeSpec t)
9291 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
9293 return visitor.Visit (this);
9297 public class UserCast : Expression {
9301 public UserCast (MethodSpec method, Expression source, Location l)
9304 throw new ArgumentNullException ("source");
9306 this.method = method;
9307 this.source = source;
9308 type = method.ReturnType;
9312 public Expression Source {
9318 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9320 return source.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
9323 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9325 Arguments args = new Arguments (3);
9326 args.Add (new Argument (source.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9327 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOf (type, loc)));
9328 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOfMethod (method, loc)));
9329 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "Convert", args);
9332 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9334 ObsoleteAttribute oa = method.GetAttributeObsolete ();
9336 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, GetSignatureForError (), loc, ec.Report);
9338 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9342 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9345 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method);
9348 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
9350 return TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method);
9353 public override SLE.Expression MakeExpression (BuilderContext ctx)
9356 return base.MakeExpression (ctx);
9358 return SLE.Expression.Convert (source.MakeExpression (ctx), type.GetMetaInfo (), (MethodInfo) method.GetMetaInfo ());
9364 // Holds additional type specifiers like ?, *, []
9366 public class ComposedTypeSpecifier
9368 public static readonly ComposedTypeSpecifier SingleDimension = new ComposedTypeSpecifier (1, Location.Null);
9370 public readonly int Dimension;
9371 public readonly Location Location;
9373 public ComposedTypeSpecifier (int specifier, Location loc)
9375 this.Dimension = specifier;
9376 this.Location = loc;
9380 public bool IsNullable {
9382 return Dimension == -1;
9386 public bool IsPointer {
9388 return Dimension == -2;
9392 public ComposedTypeSpecifier Next { get; set; }
9396 public static ComposedTypeSpecifier CreateArrayDimension (int dimension, Location loc)
9398 return new ComposedTypeSpecifier (dimension, loc);
9401 public static ComposedTypeSpecifier CreateNullable (Location loc)
9403 return new ComposedTypeSpecifier (-1, loc);
9406 public static ComposedTypeSpecifier CreatePointer (Location loc)
9408 return new ComposedTypeSpecifier (-2, loc);
9411 public string GetSignatureForError ()
9416 ArrayContainer.GetPostfixSignature (Dimension);
9418 return Next != null ? s + Next.GetSignatureForError () : s;
9423 // This class is used to "construct" the type during a typecast
9424 // operation. Since the Type.GetType class in .NET can parse
9425 // the type specification, we just use this to construct the type
9426 // one bit at a time.
9428 public class ComposedCast : TypeExpr {
9429 FullNamedExpression left;
9430 ComposedTypeSpecifier spec;
9432 public ComposedCast (FullNamedExpression left, ComposedTypeSpecifier spec)
9435 throw new ArgumentNullException ("spec");
9439 this.loc = left.Location;
9442 public override TypeSpec ResolveAsType (IMemberContext ec)
9444 type = left.ResolveAsType (ec);
9448 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
9450 var single_spec = spec;
9452 if (single_spec.IsNullable) {
9453 type = new Nullable.NullableType (type, loc).ResolveAsType (ec);
9457 single_spec = single_spec.Next;
9458 } else if (single_spec.IsPointer) {
9459 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Module, type, loc))
9463 UnsafeError (ec.Module.Compiler.Report, loc);
9467 type = PointerContainer.MakeType (ec.Module, type);
9468 single_spec = single_spec.Next;
9469 } while (single_spec != null && single_spec.IsPointer);
9472 if (single_spec != null && single_spec.Dimension > 0) {
9473 if (type.IsSpecialRuntimeType) {
9474 ec.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (611, loc, "Array elements cannot be of type `{0}'", type.GetSignatureForError ());
9475 } else if (type.IsStatic) {
9476 ec.Module.Compiler.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (type);
9477 ec.Module.Compiler.Report.Error (719, loc, "Array elements cannot be of static type `{0}'",
9478 type.GetSignatureForError ());
9480 MakeArray (ec.Module, single_spec);
9487 void MakeArray (ModuleContainer module, ComposedTypeSpecifier spec)
9489 if (spec.Next != null)
9490 MakeArray (module, spec.Next);
9492 type = ArrayContainer.MakeType (module, type, spec.Dimension);
9495 public override string GetSignatureForError ()
9497 return left.GetSignatureForError () + spec.GetSignatureForError ();
9500 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
9502 return visitor.Visit (this);
9506 class FixedBufferPtr : Expression
9508 readonly Expression array;
9510 public FixedBufferPtr (Expression array, TypeSpec array_type, Location l)
9512 this.type = array_type;
9517 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9519 throw new NotImplementedException ();
9522 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9524 Error_PointerInsideExpressionTree (ec);
9528 public override void Emit(EmitContext ec)
9533 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9535 type = PointerContainer.MakeType (ec.Module, type);
9536 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9543 // This class is used to represent the address of an array, used
9544 // only by the Fixed statement, this generates "&a [0]" construct
9545 // for fixed (char *pa = a)
9547 class ArrayPtr : FixedBufferPtr
9549 public ArrayPtr (Expression array, TypeSpec array_type, Location l):
9550 base (array, array_type, l)
9554 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9559 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, ((PointerContainer) type).Element);
9564 // Encapsulates a conversion rules required for array indexes
9566 public class ArrayIndexCast : TypeCast
9568 public ArrayIndexCast (Expression expr, TypeSpec returnType)
9569 : base (expr, returnType)
9571 if (expr.Type == returnType) // int -> int
9572 throw new ArgumentException ("unnecessary array index conversion");
9575 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9577 using (ec.Set (ResolveContext.Options.CheckedScope)) {
9578 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
9582 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9586 switch (child.Type.BuiltinType) {
9587 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
9588 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U);
9590 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
9591 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I);
9593 case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
9594 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I_Un);
9597 throw new InternalErrorException ("Cannot emit cast to unknown array element type", type);
9603 // Implements the `stackalloc' keyword
9605 public class StackAlloc : Expression {
9610 public StackAlloc (Expression type, Expression count, Location l)
9617 public Expression TypeExpression {
9623 public Expression CountExpression {
9629 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9634 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9636 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
9639 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9641 count = count.Resolve (ec);
9645 if (count.Type.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt){
9646 count = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, count, ec.BuiltinTypes.Int, loc);
9651 Constant c = count as Constant;
9652 if (c != null && c.IsNegative) {
9653 ec.Report.Error (247, loc, "Cannot use a negative size with stackalloc");
9656 if (ec.HasAny (ResolveContext.Options.CatchScope | ResolveContext.Options.FinallyScope)) {
9657 ec.Report.Error (255, loc, "Cannot use stackalloc in finally or catch");
9660 otype = t.ResolveAsType (ec);
9664 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnmanaged (ec.Module, otype, loc))
9667 type = PointerContainer.MakeType (ec.Module, otype);
9668 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9673 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9675 int size = BuiltinTypeSpec.GetSize (otype);
9680 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, otype);
9684 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un);
9685 ec.Emit (OpCodes.Localloc);
9688 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9690 StackAlloc target = (StackAlloc) t;
9691 target.count = count.Clone (clonectx);
9692 target.t = t.Clone (clonectx);
9695 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
9697 return visitor.Visit (this);
9702 // An object initializer expression
9704 public class ElementInitializer : Assign
9706 public readonly string Name;
9708 public ElementInitializer (string name, Expression initializer, Location loc)
9709 : base (null, initializer, loc)
9714 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9716 ElementInitializer target = (ElementInitializer) t;
9717 target.source = source.Clone (clonectx);
9720 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9722 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
9723 FieldExpr fe = target as FieldExpr;
9725 args.Add (new Argument (fe.CreateTypeOfExpression ()));
9727 args.Add (new Argument (((PropertyExpr) target).CreateSetterTypeOfExpression (ec)));
9730 Expression arg_expr;
9731 var cinit = source as CollectionOrObjectInitializers;
9732 if (cinit == null) {
9734 arg_expr = source.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
9736 mname = cinit.IsEmpty || cinit.Initializers[0] is ElementInitializer ? "MemberBind" : "ListBind";
9737 arg_expr = cinit.CreateExpressionTree (ec, !cinit.IsEmpty);
9740 args.Add (new Argument (arg_expr));
9741 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, mname, args);
9744 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9747 return EmptyExpressionStatement.Instance;
9749 var t = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type;
9750 if (t.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
9751 Arguments args = new Arguments (1);
9752 args.Add (new Argument (ec.CurrentInitializerVariable));
9753 target = new DynamicMemberBinder (Name, args, loc);
9756 var member = MemberLookup (ec, false, t, Name, 0, MemberLookupRestrictions.ExactArity, loc);
9757 if (member == null) {
9758 member = Expression.MemberLookup (ec, true, t, Name, 0, MemberLookupRestrictions.ExactArity, loc);
9760 if (member != null) {
9761 // TODO: ec.Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (member);
9762 ErrorIsInaccesible (ec, member.GetSignatureForError (), loc);
9767 if (member == null) {
9768 Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ec, loc, t, Name);
9772 if (!(member is PropertyExpr || member is FieldExpr)) {
9773 ec.Report.Error (1913, loc,
9774 "Member `{0}' cannot be initialized. An object initializer may only be used for fields, or properties",
9775 member.GetSignatureForError ());
9780 var me = member as MemberExpr;
9782 ec.Report.Error (1914, loc,
9783 "Static field or property `{0}' cannot be assigned in an object initializer",
9784 me.GetSignatureForError ());
9788 me.InstanceExpression = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable;
9791 if (source is CollectionOrObjectInitializers) {
9792 Expression previous = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable;
9793 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = target;
9794 source = source.Resolve (ec);
9795 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = previous;
9799 eclass = source.eclass;
9804 return base.DoResolve (ec);
9807 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
9809 if (source is CollectionOrObjectInitializers)
9812 base.EmitStatement (ec);
9817 // A collection initializer expression
9819 class CollectionElementInitializer : Invocation
9821 public class ElementInitializerArgument : Argument
9823 public ElementInitializerArgument (Expression e)
9829 sealed class AddMemberAccess : MemberAccess
9831 public AddMemberAccess (Expression expr, Location loc)
9832 : base (expr, "Add", loc)
9836 protected override void Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ResolveContext ec, TypeSpec type, string name)
9838 if (TypeManager.HasElementType (type))
9841 base.Error_TypeDoesNotContainDefinition (ec, type, name);
9845 public CollectionElementInitializer (Expression argument)
9846 : base (null, new Arguments (1))
9848 base.arguments.Add (new ElementInitializerArgument (argument));
9849 this.loc = argument.Location;
9852 public CollectionElementInitializer (List<Expression> arguments, Location loc)
9853 : base (null, new Arguments (arguments.Count))
9855 foreach (Expression e in arguments)
9856 base.arguments.Add (new ElementInitializerArgument (e));
9861 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9863 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
9864 args.Add (new Argument (mg.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
9866 var expr_initializers = new ArrayInitializer (arguments.Count, loc);
9867 foreach (Argument a in arguments)
9868 expr_initializers.Add (a.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
9870 args.Add (new Argument (new ArrayCreation (
9871 CreateExpressionTypeExpression (ec, loc), expr_initializers, loc)));
9872 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "ElementInit", args);
9875 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
9877 CollectionElementInitializer target = (CollectionElementInitializer) t;
9878 if (arguments != null)
9879 target.arguments = arguments.Clone (clonectx);
9882 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9884 base.expr = new AddMemberAccess (ec.CurrentInitializerVariable, loc);
9886 return base.DoResolve (ec);
9891 // A block of object or collection initializers
9893 public class CollectionOrObjectInitializers : ExpressionStatement
9895 IList<Expression> initializers;
9896 bool is_collection_initialization;
9898 public static readonly CollectionOrObjectInitializers Empty =
9899 new CollectionOrObjectInitializers (Array.AsReadOnly (new Expression [0]), Location.Null);
9901 public CollectionOrObjectInitializers (IList<Expression> initializers, Location loc)
9903 this.initializers = initializers;
9907 public IList<Expression> Initializers {
9909 return initializers;
9913 public bool IsEmpty {
9915 return initializers.Count == 0;
9919 public bool IsCollectionInitializer {
9921 return is_collection_initialization;
9925 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
9927 CollectionOrObjectInitializers t = (CollectionOrObjectInitializers) target;
9929 t.initializers = new List<Expression> (initializers.Count);
9930 foreach (var e in initializers)
9931 t.initializers.Add (e.Clone (clonectx));
9934 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
9936 foreach (var e in initializers) {
9937 if (e.ContainsEmitWithAwait ())
9944 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
9946 return CreateExpressionTree (ec, false);
9949 public Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec, bool inferType)
9951 var expr_initializers = new ArrayInitializer (initializers.Count, loc);
9952 foreach (Expression e in initializers) {
9953 Expression expr = e.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
9955 expr_initializers.Add (expr);
9959 return new ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (expr_initializers, loc);
9961 return new ArrayCreation (new TypeExpression (ec.Module.PredefinedTypes.MemberBinding.Resolve (), loc), expr_initializers, loc);
9964 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
9966 List<string> element_names = null;
9967 for (int i = 0; i < initializers.Count; ++i) {
9968 Expression initializer = initializers [i];
9969 ElementInitializer element_initializer = initializer as ElementInitializer;
9972 if (element_initializer != null) {
9973 element_names = new List<string> (initializers.Count);
9974 element_names.Add (element_initializer.Name);
9975 } else if (initializer is CompletingExpression){
9976 initializer.Resolve (ec);
9977 throw new InternalErrorException ("This line should never be reached");
9979 var t = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type;
9980 // LAMESPEC: The collection must implement IEnumerable only, no dynamic support
9981 if (!t.ImplementsInterface (ec.BuiltinTypes.IEnumerable, false) && t.BuiltinType != BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic) {
9982 ec.Report.Error (1922, loc, "A field or property `{0}' cannot be initialized with a collection " +
9983 "object initializer because type `{1}' does not implement `{2}' interface",
9984 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.GetSignatureForError (),
9985 TypeManager.CSharpName (ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type),
9986 TypeManager.CSharpName (ec.BuiltinTypes.IEnumerable));
9989 is_collection_initialization = true;
9992 if (is_collection_initialization != (element_initializer == null)) {
9993 ec.Report.Error (747, initializer.Location, "Inconsistent `{0}' member declaration",
9994 is_collection_initialization ? "collection initializer" : "object initializer");
9998 if (!is_collection_initialization) {
9999 if (element_names.Contains (element_initializer.Name)) {
10000 ec.Report.Error (1912, element_initializer.Location,
10001 "An object initializer includes more than one member `{0}' initialization",
10002 element_initializer.Name);
10004 element_names.Add (element_initializer.Name);
10009 Expression e = initializer.Resolve (ec);
10010 if (e == EmptyExpressionStatement.Instance)
10011 initializers.RemoveAt (i--);
10013 initializers [i] = e;
10016 type = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable.Type;
10017 if (is_collection_initialization) {
10018 if (TypeManager.HasElementType (type)) {
10019 ec.Report.Error (1925, loc, "Cannot initialize object of type `{0}' with a collection initializer",
10020 TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
10024 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
10028 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
10030 EmitStatement (ec);
10033 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
10035 foreach (ExpressionStatement e in initializers) {
10036 // TODO: need location region
10037 ec.Mark (e.Location);
10038 e.EmitStatement (ec);
10044 // New expression with element/object initializers
10046 public class NewInitialize : New
10049 // This class serves as a proxy for variable initializer target instances.
10050 // A real variable is assigned later when we resolve left side of an
10053 sealed class InitializerTargetExpression : Expression, IMemoryLocation
10055 NewInitialize new_instance;
10057 public InitializerTargetExpression (NewInitialize newInstance)
10059 this.type = newInstance.type;
10060 this.loc = newInstance.loc;
10061 this.eclass = newInstance.eclass;
10062 this.new_instance = newInstance;
10065 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
10070 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
10072 // Should not be reached
10073 throw new NotSupportedException ("ET");
10076 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
10081 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (ResolveContext ec, Expression right_side)
10086 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
10088 Expression e = (Expression) new_instance.instance;
10092 public override Expression EmitToField (EmitContext ec)
10094 return (Expression) new_instance.instance;
10097 #region IMemoryLocation Members
10099 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
10101 new_instance.instance.AddressOf (ec, mode);
10107 CollectionOrObjectInitializers initializers;
10108 IMemoryLocation instance;
10110 public NewInitialize (FullNamedExpression requested_type, Arguments arguments, CollectionOrObjectInitializers initializers, Location l)
10111 : base (requested_type, arguments, l)
10113 this.initializers = initializers;
10116 public CollectionOrObjectInitializers Initializers {
10118 return initializers;
10122 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression t)
10124 base.CloneTo (clonectx, t);
10126 NewInitialize target = (NewInitialize) t;
10127 target.initializers = (CollectionOrObjectInitializers) initializers.Clone (clonectx);
10130 public override bool ContainsEmitWithAwait ()
10132 return base.ContainsEmitWithAwait () || initializers.ContainsEmitWithAwait ();
10135 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
10137 Arguments args = new Arguments (2);
10138 args.Add (new Argument (base.CreateExpressionTree (ec)));
10139 if (!initializers.IsEmpty)
10140 args.Add (new Argument (initializers.CreateExpressionTree (ec, initializers.IsCollectionInitializer)));
10142 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec,
10143 initializers.IsCollectionInitializer ? "ListInit" : "MemberInit",
10147 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
10149 Expression e = base.DoResolve (ec);
10153 Expression previous = ec.CurrentInitializerVariable;
10154 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = new InitializerTargetExpression (this);
10155 initializers.Resolve (ec);
10156 ec.CurrentInitializerVariable = previous;
10160 public override bool Emit (EmitContext ec, IMemoryLocation target)
10162 bool left_on_stack = base.Emit (ec, target);
10164 if (initializers.IsEmpty)
10165 return left_on_stack;
10167 LocalTemporary temp = null;
10169 instance = target as LocalTemporary;
10171 if (instance == null) {
10172 if (!left_on_stack) {
10173 VariableReference vr = target as VariableReference;
10175 // FIXME: This still does not work correctly for pre-set variables
10176 if (vr != null && vr.IsRef)
10177 target.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Load);
10179 ((Expression) target).Emit (ec);
10180 left_on_stack = true;
10183 if (ec.HasSet (BuilderContext.Options.AsyncBody) && initializers.ContainsEmitWithAwait ()) {
10184 instance = new EmptyAwaitExpression (Type).EmitToField (ec) as IMemoryLocation;
10186 temp = new LocalTemporary (type);
10191 if (left_on_stack && temp != null)
10194 initializers.Emit (ec);
10196 if (left_on_stack) {
10197 if (temp != null) {
10201 ((Expression) instance).Emit (ec);
10205 return left_on_stack;
10208 protected override IMemoryLocation EmitAddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
10210 instance = base.EmitAddressOf (ec, Mode);
10212 if (!initializers.IsEmpty)
10213 initializers.Emit (ec);
10218 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
10220 return visitor.Visit (this);
10224 public class NewAnonymousType : New
10226 static readonly AnonymousTypeParameter[] EmptyParameters = new AnonymousTypeParameter[0];
10228 List<AnonymousTypeParameter> parameters;
10229 readonly TypeContainer parent;
10230 AnonymousTypeClass anonymous_type;
10232 public NewAnonymousType (List<AnonymousTypeParameter> parameters, TypeContainer parent, Location loc)
10233 : base (null, null, loc)
10235 this.parameters = parameters;
10236 this.parent = parent;
10239 public List<AnonymousTypeParameter> Parameters {
10241 return this.parameters;
10245 protected override void CloneTo (CloneContext clonectx, Expression target)
10247 if (parameters == null)
10250 NewAnonymousType t = (NewAnonymousType) target;
10251 t.parameters = new List<AnonymousTypeParameter> (parameters.Count);
10252 foreach (AnonymousTypeParameter atp in parameters)
10253 t.parameters.Add ((AnonymousTypeParameter) atp.Clone (clonectx));
10256 AnonymousTypeClass CreateAnonymousType (ResolveContext ec, IList<AnonymousTypeParameter> parameters)
10258 AnonymousTypeClass type = parent.Module.GetAnonymousType (parameters);
10262 type = AnonymousTypeClass.Create (parent, parameters, loc);
10266 int errors = ec.Report.Errors;
10267 type.CreateContainer ();
10268 type.DefineContainer ();
10270 if ((ec.Report.Errors - errors) == 0) {
10271 parent.Module.AddAnonymousType (type);
10277 public override Expression CreateExpressionTree (ResolveContext ec)
10279 if (parameters == null)
10280 return base.CreateExpressionTree (ec);
10282 var init = new ArrayInitializer (parameters.Count, loc);
10283 foreach (var m in anonymous_type.Members) {
10284 var p = m as Property;
10286 init.Add (new TypeOfMethod (MemberCache.GetMember (type, p.Get.Spec), loc));
10289 var ctor_args = new ArrayInitializer (arguments.Count, loc);
10290 foreach (Argument a in arguments)
10291 ctor_args.Add (a.CreateExpressionTree (ec));
10293 Arguments args = new Arguments (3);
10294 args.Add (new Argument (new TypeOfMethod (method, loc)));
10295 args.Add (new Argument (new ArrayCreation (CreateExpressionTypeExpression (ec, loc), ctor_args, loc)));
10296 args.Add (new Argument (new ImplicitlyTypedArrayCreation (init, loc)));
10298 return CreateExpressionFactoryCall (ec, "New", args);
10301 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
10303 if (ec.HasSet (ResolveContext.Options.ConstantScope)) {
10304 ec.Report.Error (836, loc, "Anonymous types cannot be used in this expression");
10308 if (parameters == null) {
10309 anonymous_type = CreateAnonymousType (ec, EmptyParameters);
10310 RequestedType = new TypeExpression (anonymous_type.Definition, loc);
10311 return base.DoResolve (ec);
10314 bool error = false;
10315 arguments = new Arguments (parameters.Count);
10316 var t_args = new TypeSpec [parameters.Count];
10317 for (int i = 0; i < parameters.Count; ++i) {
10318 Expression e = parameters [i].Resolve (ec);
10324 arguments.Add (new Argument (e));
10325 t_args [i] = e.Type;
10331 anonymous_type = CreateAnonymousType (ec, parameters);
10332 if (anonymous_type == null)
10335 type = anonymous_type.Definition.MakeGenericType (ec.Module, t_args);
10336 method = (MethodSpec) MemberCache.FindMember (type, MemberFilter.Constructor (null), BindingRestriction.DeclaredOnly);
10337 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
10341 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
10343 base.EmitStatement (ec);
10346 public override object Accept (StructuralVisitor visitor)
10348 return visitor.Visit (this);
10352 public class AnonymousTypeParameter : ShimExpression
10354 public readonly string Name;
10356 public AnonymousTypeParameter (Expression initializer, string name, Location loc)
10357 : base (initializer)
10363 public AnonymousTypeParameter (Parameter parameter)
10364 : base (new SimpleName (parameter.Name, parameter.Location))
10366 this.Name = parameter.Name;
10367 this.loc = parameter.Location;
10370 public override bool Equals (object o)
10372 AnonymousTypeParameter other = o as AnonymousTypeParameter;
10373 return other != null && Name == other.Name;
10376 public override int GetHashCode ()
10378 return Name.GetHashCode ();
10381 protected override Expression DoResolve (ResolveContext ec)
10383 Expression e = expr.Resolve (ec);
10387 if (e.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup) {
10388 Error_InvalidInitializer (ec, e.ExprClassName);
10393 if (type.Kind == MemberKind.Void || type == InternalType.NullLiteral || type == InternalType.AnonymousMethod || type.IsPointer) {
10394 Error_InvalidInitializer (ec, type.GetSignatureForError ());
10401 protected virtual void Error_InvalidInitializer (ResolveContext ec, string initializer)
10403 ec.Report.Error (828, loc, "An anonymous type property `{0}' cannot be initialized with `{1}'",
10404 Name, initializer);