2 // expression.cs: Expression representation for the IL tree.
5 // Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com)
7 // (C) 2001, 2002, 2003 Ximian, Inc.
8 // (C) 2003, 2004 Novell, Inc.
12 namespace Mono.CSharp {
14 using System.Collections;
15 using System.Reflection;
16 using System.Reflection.Emit;
20 /// This is just a helper class, it is generated by Unary, UnaryMutator
21 /// when an overloaded method has been found. It just emits the code for a
24 public class StaticCallExpr : ExpressionStatement {
28 public StaticCallExpr (MethodInfo m, ArrayList a, Location l)
34 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
38 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
41 // We are born fully resolved
46 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
49 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, mi, args, false, null);
51 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, mi);
55 static public StaticCallExpr MakeSimpleCall (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr mg,
56 Expression e, Location loc)
61 args = new ArrayList (1);
62 Argument a = new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression);
64 // We need to resolve the arguments before sending them in !
65 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
69 method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
70 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, args, false, loc);
75 return new StaticCallExpr ((MethodInfo) method, args, loc);
78 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
81 if (TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (type) != TypeManager.void_type)
82 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
85 public MethodInfo Method {
90 public class ParenthesizedExpression : Expression
92 public Expression Expr;
94 public ParenthesizedExpression (Expression expr, Location loc)
100 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
102 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
106 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
108 throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
113 /// Unary expressions.
117 /// Unary implements unary expressions. It derives from
118 /// ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
119 /// operators can be used in a statement context.
121 public class Unary : Expression {
122 public enum Operator : byte {
123 UnaryPlus, UnaryNegation, LogicalNot, OnesComplement,
124 Indirection, AddressOf, TOP
127 public Operator Oper;
128 public Expression Expr;
130 public Unary (Operator op, Expression expr, Location loc)
138 /// Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
140 static public string OperName (Operator oper)
143 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
145 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
147 case Operator.LogicalNot:
149 case Operator.OnesComplement:
151 case Operator.AddressOf:
153 case Operator.Indirection:
157 return oper.ToString ();
160 public static readonly string [] oper_names;
164 oper_names = new string [(int)Operator.TOP];
166 oper_names [(int) Operator.UnaryPlus] = "op_UnaryPlus";
167 oper_names [(int) Operator.UnaryNegation] = "op_UnaryNegation";
168 oper_names [(int) Operator.LogicalNot] = "op_LogicalNot";
169 oper_names [(int) Operator.OnesComplement] = "op_OnesComplement";
170 oper_names [(int) Operator.Indirection] = "op_Indirection";
171 oper_names [(int) Operator.AddressOf] = "op_AddressOf";
174 void Error23 (Type t)
177 23, "Operator " + OperName (Oper) +
178 " cannot be applied to operand of type `" +
179 TypeManager.CSharpName (t) + "'");
183 /// The result has been already resolved:
185 /// FIXME: a minus constant -128 sbyte cant be turned into a
188 static Expression TryReduceNegative (Constant expr)
192 if (expr is IntConstant)
193 e = new IntConstant (-((IntConstant) expr).Value);
194 else if (expr is UIntConstant){
195 uint value = ((UIntConstant) expr).Value;
197 if (value < 2147483649)
198 return new IntConstant (-(int)value);
200 e = new LongConstant (-value);
202 else if (expr is LongConstant)
203 e = new LongConstant (-((LongConstant) expr).Value);
204 else if (expr is ULongConstant){
205 ulong value = ((ULongConstant) expr).Value;
207 if (value < 9223372036854775809)
208 return new LongConstant(-(long)value);
210 else if (expr is FloatConstant)
211 e = new FloatConstant (-((FloatConstant) expr).Value);
212 else if (expr is DoubleConstant)
213 e = new DoubleConstant (-((DoubleConstant) expr).Value);
214 else if (expr is DecimalConstant)
215 e = new DecimalConstant (-((DecimalConstant) expr).Value);
216 else if (expr is ShortConstant)
217 e = new IntConstant (-((ShortConstant) expr).Value);
218 else if (expr is UShortConstant)
219 e = new IntConstant (-((UShortConstant) expr).Value);
220 else if (expr is SByteConstant)
221 e = new IntConstant (-((SByteConstant) expr).Value);
222 else if (expr is ByteConstant)
223 e = new IntConstant (-((ByteConstant) expr).Value);
228 // This routine will attempt to simplify the unary expression when the
229 // argument is a constant. The result is returned in `result' and the
230 // function returns true or false depending on whether a reduction
231 // was performed or not
233 bool Reduce (EmitContext ec, Constant e, out Expression result)
235 Type expr_type = e.Type;
238 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
242 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
243 result = TryReduceNegative (e);
244 return result != null;
246 case Operator.LogicalNot:
247 if (expr_type != TypeManager.bool_type) {
253 BoolConstant b = (BoolConstant) e;
254 result = new BoolConstant (!(b.Value));
257 case Operator.OnesComplement:
258 if (!((expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
259 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
260 (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
261 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
262 (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)))){
265 if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, e, TypeManager.int32_type)){
266 result = new Cast (new TypeExpression (TypeManager.int32_type, loc), e, loc);
267 result = result.Resolve (ec);
268 } else if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, e, TypeManager.uint32_type)){
269 result = new Cast (new TypeExpression (TypeManager.uint32_type, loc), e, loc);
270 result = result.Resolve (ec);
271 } else if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, e, TypeManager.int64_type)){
272 result = new Cast (new TypeExpression (TypeManager.int64_type, loc), e, loc);
273 result = result.Resolve (ec);
274 } else if (Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, e, TypeManager.uint64_type)){
275 result = new Cast (new TypeExpression (TypeManager.uint64_type, loc), e, loc);
276 result = result.Resolve (ec);
279 if (result == null || !(result is Constant)){
285 expr_type = result.Type;
286 e = (Constant) result;
289 if (e is EnumConstant){
290 EnumConstant enum_constant = (EnumConstant) e;
293 if (Reduce (ec, enum_constant.Child, out reduced)){
294 result = new EnumConstant ((Constant) reduced, enum_constant.Type);
302 if (expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type){
303 result = new IntConstant (~ ((IntConstant) e).Value);
304 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
305 result = new UIntConstant (~ ((UIntConstant) e).Value);
306 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
307 result = new LongConstant (~ ((LongConstant) e).Value);
308 } else if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
309 result = new ULongConstant (~ ((ULongConstant) e).Value);
317 case Operator.AddressOf:
321 case Operator.Indirection:
325 throw new Exception ("Can not constant fold: " + Oper.ToString());
328 Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
331 // Step 1: Default operations on CLI native types.
334 // Attempt to use a constant folding operation.
335 if (Expr is Constant){
338 if (Reduce (ec, (Constant) Expr, out result))
343 // Step 2: Perform Operator Overload location
345 Type expr_type = Expr.Type;
349 op_name = oper_names [(int) Oper];
351 mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type, op_name, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
354 Expression e = StaticCallExpr.MakeSimpleCall (
355 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, Expr, loc);
365 // Only perform numeric promotions on:
368 if (expr_type == null)
372 case Operator.LogicalNot:
373 if (expr_type != TypeManager.bool_type) {
374 Expr = ResolveBoolean (ec, Expr, loc);
381 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
384 case Operator.OnesComplement:
385 if (!((expr_type == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
386 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
387 (expr_type == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
388 (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
389 (expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)))){
392 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
394 type = TypeManager.int32_type;
397 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.uint32_type, loc);
399 type = TypeManager.uint32_type;
402 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
404 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
407 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.uint64_type, loc);
409 type = TypeManager.uint64_type;
418 case Operator.AddressOf:
424 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnManaged (Expr.Type, loc)){
428 IVariable variable = Expr as IVariable;
429 bool is_fixed = variable != null && variable.VerifyFixed (false);
431 if (!ec.InFixedInitializer && !is_fixed) {
432 Error (212, "You can only take the address of an unfixed expression inside " +
433 "of a fixed statement initializer");
437 if (ec.InFixedInitializer && is_fixed) {
438 Error (213, "You can not fix an already fixed expression");
442 LocalVariableReference lr = Expr as LocalVariableReference;
444 if (lr.local_info.IsCaptured){
445 AnonymousMethod.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (lr.Name, loc);
448 lr.local_info.AddressTaken = true;
449 lr.local_info.Used = true;
452 // According to the specs, a variable is considered definitely assigned if you take
454 if ((variable != null) && (variable.VariableInfo != null))
455 variable.VariableInfo.SetAssigned (ec);
457 type = TypeManager.GetPointerType (Expr.Type);
460 case Operator.Indirection:
466 if (!expr_type.IsPointer){
467 Error (193, "The * or -> operator can only be applied to pointers");
472 // We create an Indirection expression, because
473 // it can implement the IMemoryLocation.
475 return new Indirection (Expr, loc);
477 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
479 // A plus in front of something is just a no-op, so return the child.
483 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
485 // Deals with -literals
486 // int operator- (int x)
487 // long operator- (long x)
488 // float operator- (float f)
489 // double operator- (double d)
490 // decimal operator- (decimal d)
492 Expression expr = null;
495 // transform - - expr into expr
498 Unary unary = (Unary) Expr;
500 if (unary.Oper == Operator.UnaryNegation)
505 // perform numeric promotions to int,
509 // The following is inneficient, because we call
510 // ImplicitConversion too many times.
512 // It is also not clear if we should convert to Float
513 // or Double initially.
515 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
517 // FIXME: handle exception to this rule that
518 // permits the int value -2147483648 (-2^31) to
519 // bt wrote as a decimal interger literal
521 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
522 Expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, type, loc);
526 if (expr_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
528 // FIXME: Handle exception of `long value'
529 // -92233720368547758087 (-2^63) to be wrote as
530 // decimal integer literal.
536 if (expr_type == TypeManager.float_type){
541 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
548 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
555 expr = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, Expr, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
566 Error (187, "No such operator '" + OperName (Oper) + "' defined for type '" +
567 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + "'");
571 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
573 if (Oper == Operator.AddressOf) {
574 Expr = Expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, new EmptyExpression ());
576 if (Expr == null || Expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable){
577 Error (211, "Cannot take the address of non-variables");
582 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
587 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (Expr.Type))
588 return new Nullable.LiftedUnaryOperator (Oper, Expr, loc).Resolve (ec);
590 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
591 return ResolveOperator (ec);
594 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right)
596 if (Oper == Operator.Indirection)
597 return DoResolve (ec);
602 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
604 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
607 case Operator.UnaryPlus:
608 throw new Exception ("This should be caught by Resolve");
610 case Operator.UnaryNegation:
612 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
613 if (type == TypeManager.int64_type)
614 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U8);
616 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf);
619 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Neg);
624 case Operator.LogicalNot:
626 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
627 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
630 case Operator.OnesComplement:
632 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Not);
635 case Operator.AddressOf:
636 ((IMemoryLocation)Expr).AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
640 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
645 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool onTrue)
647 if (Oper == Operator.LogicalNot)
648 Expr.EmitBranchable (ec, target, !onTrue);
650 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, onTrue);
653 public override string ToString ()
655 return "Unary (" + Oper + ", " + Expr + ")";
661 // Unary operators are turned into Indirection expressions
662 // after semantic analysis (this is so we can take the address
663 // of an indirection).
665 public class Indirection : Expression, IMemoryLocation, IAssignMethod, IVariable {
667 LocalTemporary temporary;
670 public Indirection (Expression expr, Location l)
673 type = TypeManager.HasElementType (expr.Type) ? TypeManager.GetElementType (expr.Type) : expr.Type;
674 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
678 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
683 LoadFromPtr (ec.ig, Type);
686 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
690 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
691 temporary = new LocalTemporary (ec, expr.Type);
692 temporary.Store (ec);
696 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
698 prepared = prepare_for_load;
702 if (prepare_for_load)
703 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
707 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
708 temporary = new LocalTemporary (ec, expr.Type);
709 temporary.Store (ec);
712 StoreFromPtr (ec.ig, type);
714 if (temporary != null)
718 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
723 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
725 return DoResolve (ec);
728 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
731 // Born fully resolved
736 public override string ToString ()
738 return "*(" + expr + ")";
741 #region IVariable Members
743 public VariableInfo VariableInfo {
749 public bool VerifyFixed (bool is_expression)
758 /// Unary Mutator expressions (pre and post ++ and --)
762 /// UnaryMutator implements ++ and -- expressions. It derives from
763 /// ExpressionStatement becuase the pre/post increment/decrement
764 /// operators can be used in a statement context.
766 /// FIXME: Idea, we could split this up in two classes, one simpler
767 /// for the common case, and one with the extra fields for more complex
768 /// classes (indexers require temporary access; overloaded require method)
771 public class UnaryMutator : ExpressionStatement {
773 public enum Mode : byte {
780 PreDecrement = IsDecrement,
781 PostIncrement = IsPost,
782 PostDecrement = IsPost | IsDecrement
786 bool is_expr = false;
787 bool recurse = false;
792 // This is expensive for the simplest case.
794 StaticCallExpr method;
796 public UnaryMutator (Mode m, Expression e, Location l)
803 static string OperName (Mode mode)
805 return (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PostIncrement) ?
810 /// Returns whether an object of type `t' can be incremented
811 /// or decremented with add/sub (ie, basically whether we can
812 /// use pre-post incr-decr operations on it, but it is not a
813 /// System.Decimal, which we require operator overloading to catch)
815 static bool IsIncrementableNumber (Type t)
817 return (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
818 (t == TypeManager.byte_type) ||
819 (t == TypeManager.short_type) ||
820 (t == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
821 (t == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
822 (t == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
823 (t == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
824 (t == TypeManager.uint64_type) ||
825 (t == TypeManager.char_type) ||
826 (t.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)) ||
827 (t == TypeManager.float_type) ||
828 (t == TypeManager.double_type) ||
829 (t.IsPointer && t != TypeManager.void_ptr_type);
832 Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
834 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
837 // Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
842 if (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PostIncrement)
843 op_name = "op_Increment";
845 op_name = "op_Decrement";
847 mg = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type, op_name, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
850 method = StaticCallExpr.MakeSimpleCall (
851 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) mg, expr, loc);
854 } else if (!IsIncrementableNumber (expr_type)) {
855 Error (187, "No such operator '" + OperName (mode) + "' defined for type '" +
856 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + "'");
861 // The operand of the prefix/postfix increment decrement operators
862 // should be an expression that is classified as a variable,
863 // a property access or an indexer access
866 if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Variable){
867 LocalVariableReference var = expr as LocalVariableReference;
868 if ((var != null) && var.IsReadOnly) {
869 Error (1604, "cannot assign to `" + var.Name + "' because it is readonly");
872 } else if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess || expr.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess){
873 expr = expr.ResolveLValue (ec, this);
877 expr.Error_UnexpectedKind ("variable, indexer or property access", loc);
884 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
886 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
891 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
893 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (expr.Type))
894 return new Nullable.LiftedUnaryMutator (mode, expr, loc).Resolve (ec);
896 return ResolveOperator (ec);
899 static int PtrTypeSize (Type t)
901 return GetTypeSize (TypeManager.GetElementType (t));
905 // Loads the proper "1" into the stack based on the type, then it emits the
906 // opcode for the operation requested
908 void LoadOneAndEmitOp (EmitContext ec, Type t)
911 // Measure if getting the typecode and using that is more/less efficient
912 // that comparing types. t.GetTypeCode() is an internal call.
914 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
916 if (t == TypeManager.uint64_type || t == TypeManager.int64_type)
917 LongConstant.EmitLong (ig, 1);
918 else if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
919 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_R8, 1.0);
920 else if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
921 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_R4, 1.0F);
922 else if (t.IsPointer){
923 int n = PtrTypeSize (t);
926 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, t);
928 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, n);
930 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
933 // Now emit the operation
936 if (t == TypeManager.int32_type ||
937 t == TypeManager.int64_type){
938 if ((mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0)
939 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf);
941 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add_Ovf);
942 } else if (t == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
943 t == TypeManager.uint64_type){
944 if ((mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0)
945 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf_Un);
947 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add_Ovf_Un);
949 if ((mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0)
950 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub_Ovf);
952 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add_Ovf);
955 if ((mode & Mode.IsDecrement) != 0)
956 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
958 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
961 if (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type){
963 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1);
965 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I1);
966 } else if (t == TypeManager.byte_type){
968 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1);
970 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U1);
971 } else if (t == TypeManager.short_type){
973 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I2);
975 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I2);
976 } else if (t == TypeManager.ushort_type || t == TypeManager.char_type){
978 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2);
980 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U2);
985 void EmitCode (EmitContext ec, bool is_expr)
988 this.is_expr = is_expr;
989 ((IAssignMethod) expr).EmitAssign (ec, this, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PreIncrement || mode == Mode.PreDecrement), true);
992 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
995 // We use recurse to allow ourselfs to be the source
996 // of an assignment. This little hack prevents us from
997 // having to allocate another expression
1000 ((IAssignMethod) expr).Emit (ec, is_expr && (mode == Mode.PostIncrement || mode == Mode.PostDecrement));
1002 LoadOneAndEmitOp (ec, expr.Type);
1004 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method.Method);
1009 EmitCode (ec, true);
1012 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
1014 EmitCode (ec, false);
1019 /// Base class for the `Is' and `As' classes.
1023 /// FIXME: Split this in two, and we get to save the `Operator' Oper
1026 public abstract class Probe : Expression {
1027 public Expression ProbeType;
1028 protected Expression expr;
1029 protected Type probe_type;
1031 public Probe (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1033 ProbeType = probe_type;
1038 public Expression Expr {
1044 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1046 TypeExpr texpr = ProbeType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec);
1049 probe_type = texpr.Type;
1051 CheckObsoleteAttribute (probe_type);
1053 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1057 if (expr.Type.IsPointer) {
1058 Report.Error (244, loc, "\"is\" or \"as\" are not valid on pointer types");
1066 /// Implementation of the `is' operator.
1068 public class Is : Probe {
1069 public Is (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1070 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1075 AlwaysTrue, AlwaysNull, AlwaysFalse, LeaveOnStack, Probe
1080 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1082 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
1087 case Action.AlwaysFalse:
1088 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
1089 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, 0);
1091 case Action.AlwaysTrue:
1092 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
1093 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, 1);
1095 case Action.LeaveOnStack:
1096 // the `e != null' rule.
1097 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldnull);
1098 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
1099 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
1100 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
1103 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type);
1104 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldnull);
1105 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
1108 throw new Exception ("never reached");
1111 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool onTrue)
1113 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
1116 case Action.AlwaysFalse:
1118 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, target);
1121 case Action.AlwaysTrue:
1123 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, target);
1126 case Action.LeaveOnStack:
1127 // the `e != null' rule.
1129 ig.Emit (onTrue ? OpCodes.Brtrue : OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
1133 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type);
1134 ig.Emit (onTrue ? OpCodes.Brtrue : OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
1137 throw new Exception ("never reached");
1140 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1142 Expression e = base.DoResolve (ec);
1144 if ((e == null) || (expr == null))
1147 Type etype = expr.Type;
1148 bool warning_always_matches = false;
1149 bool warning_never_matches = false;
1151 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
1152 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1155 // First case, if at compile time, there is an implicit conversion
1156 // then e != null (objects) or true (value types)
1158 e = Convert.ImplicitConversionStandard (ec, expr, probe_type, loc);
1161 if (etype.IsValueType)
1162 action = Action.AlwaysTrue;
1164 action = Action.LeaveOnStack;
1166 warning_always_matches = true;
1167 } else if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (etype, probe_type)){
1168 if (etype.IsGenericParameter)
1169 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, etype);
1172 // Second case: explicit reference convresion
1174 if (expr is NullLiteral)
1175 action = Action.AlwaysFalse;
1177 action = Action.Probe;
1179 action = Action.AlwaysFalse;
1180 warning_never_matches = true;
1183 if (warning_always_matches)
1184 Warning (183, "The given expression is always of the provided ('{0}') type", TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type));
1185 else if (warning_never_matches){
1186 if (!(probe_type.IsInterface || expr.Type.IsInterface))
1187 Warning (184, "The given expression is never of the provided ('{0}') type", TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type));
1195 /// Implementation of the `as' operator.
1197 public class As : Probe {
1198 public As (Expression expr, Expression probe_type, Location l)
1199 : base (expr, probe_type, l)
1203 bool do_isinst = false;
1205 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1207 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
1212 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Isinst, probe_type);
1215 static void Error_CannotConvertType (Type source, Type target, Location loc)
1218 39, loc, "as operator can not convert from `" +
1219 TypeManager.CSharpName (source) + "' to `" +
1220 TypeManager.CSharpName (target) + "'");
1223 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1225 Expression e = base.DoResolve (ec);
1231 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1232 Type etype = expr.Type;
1234 if (TypeManager.IsValueType (probe_type)){
1235 Report.Error (77, loc, "The as operator should be used with a reference type only (" +
1236 TypeManager.CSharpName (probe_type) + " is a value type)");
1241 e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, expr, probe_type, loc);
1248 if (Convert.ExplicitReferenceConversionExists (etype, probe_type)){
1249 if (etype.IsGenericParameter)
1250 expr = new BoxedCast (expr, etype);
1256 Error_CannotConvertType (etype, probe_type, loc);
1262 /// This represents a typecast in the source language.
1264 /// FIXME: Cast expressions have an unusual set of parsing
1265 /// rules, we need to figure those out.
1267 public class Cast : Expression {
1268 Expression target_type;
1271 public Cast (Expression cast_type, Expression expr, Location loc)
1273 this.target_type = cast_type;
1278 public Expression TargetType {
1284 public Expression Expr {
1293 bool CheckRange (EmitContext ec, long value, Type type, long min, long max)
1295 if (!ec.ConstantCheckState)
1298 if ((value < min) || (value > max)) {
1299 Error (221, "Constant value `" + value + "' cannot be converted " +
1300 "to a `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "' (use `unchecked' " +
1301 "syntax to override)");
1308 bool CheckRange (EmitContext ec, ulong value, Type type, ulong max)
1310 if (!ec.ConstantCheckState)
1314 Error (221, "Constant value `" + value + "' cannot be converted " +
1315 "to a `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "' (use `unchecked' " +
1316 "syntax to override)");
1323 bool CheckUnsigned (EmitContext ec, long value, Type type)
1325 if (!ec.ConstantCheckState)
1329 Error (221, "Constant value `" + value + "' cannot be converted " +
1330 "to a `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "' (use `unchecked' " +
1331 "syntax to override)");
1339 /// Attempts to do a compile-time folding of a constant cast.
1341 Expression TryReduce (EmitContext ec, Type target_type)
1343 Expression real_expr = expr;
1344 if (real_expr is EnumConstant)
1345 real_expr = ((EnumConstant) real_expr).Child;
1347 if (real_expr is ByteConstant){
1348 byte v = ((ByteConstant) real_expr).Value;
1350 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1351 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1353 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1355 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1356 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1357 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1358 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1359 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1360 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1361 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1362 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1363 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1364 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1365 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1366 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1367 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1368 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1369 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1370 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1371 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1372 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1373 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1374 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1376 if (real_expr is SByteConstant){
1377 sbyte v = ((SByteConstant) real_expr).Value;
1379 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1380 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1382 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1384 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1385 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1386 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1387 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1389 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1390 } if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1391 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1392 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1393 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1395 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1396 } if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1397 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1398 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
1399 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1401 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1403 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1404 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1405 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1406 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1407 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1408 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1410 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1412 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1413 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1415 if (real_expr is ShortConstant){
1416 short v = ((ShortConstant) real_expr).Value;
1418 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1419 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1421 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1423 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1424 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1426 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1428 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1429 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1431 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1433 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1434 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1435 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1436 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1438 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1440 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1441 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1442 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
1443 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1445 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1447 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1448 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1449 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1450 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1451 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1452 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1454 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1456 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1457 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1459 if (real_expr is UShortConstant){
1460 ushort v = ((UShortConstant) real_expr).Value;
1462 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1463 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1465 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1467 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1468 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1470 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1472 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1473 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1475 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1477 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1478 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1479 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1480 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1481 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1482 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1483 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1484 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1485 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1486 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1487 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1488 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1489 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1490 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1492 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1494 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1495 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1497 if (real_expr is IntConstant){
1498 int v = ((IntConstant) real_expr).Value;
1500 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1501 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1503 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1505 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1506 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1508 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1510 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1511 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1513 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1515 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1516 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt16.MinValue, UInt16.MaxValue))
1518 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1520 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1521 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int32.MinValue, Int32.MaxValue))
1523 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1525 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1526 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1527 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
1528 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1530 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1532 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1533 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1534 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1535 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1536 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1537 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1539 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1541 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1542 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1544 if (real_expr is UIntConstant){
1545 uint v = ((UIntConstant) real_expr).Value;
1547 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1548 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1550 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1552 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1553 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1555 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1557 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1558 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1560 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1562 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1563 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt16.MinValue, UInt16.MaxValue))
1565 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1567 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
1568 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int32.MinValue, Int32.MaxValue))
1570 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1572 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1573 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1574 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1575 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1576 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1577 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1578 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1579 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1580 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1581 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1583 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1585 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1586 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1588 if (real_expr is LongConstant){
1589 long v = ((LongConstant) real_expr).Value;
1591 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1592 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1594 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1596 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1597 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1599 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1601 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1602 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1604 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1606 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1607 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt16.MinValue, UInt16.MaxValue))
1609 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1611 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
1612 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int32.MinValue, Int32.MaxValue))
1614 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1616 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1617 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt32.MinValue, UInt32.MaxValue))
1619 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1621 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
1622 if (!CheckUnsigned (ec, v, target_type))
1624 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1626 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1627 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1628 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1629 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1630 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1631 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1633 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1635 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1636 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1638 if (real_expr is ULongConstant){
1639 ulong v = ((ULongConstant) real_expr).Value;
1641 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1642 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MaxValue))
1644 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1646 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1647 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, (ulong) SByte.MaxValue))
1649 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1651 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1652 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, (ulong) Int16.MaxValue))
1654 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1656 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type) {
1657 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt16.MaxValue))
1659 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1661 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
1662 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int32.MaxValue))
1664 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1666 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
1667 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, UInt32.MaxValue))
1669 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1671 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type) {
1672 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, (ulong) Int64.MaxValue))
1674 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1676 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1677 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1678 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1679 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1680 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1681 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MaxValue))
1683 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1685 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1686 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1688 if (real_expr is FloatConstant){
1689 float v = ((FloatConstant) real_expr).Value;
1691 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type)
1692 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1693 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1694 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1695 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1696 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1697 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1698 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1699 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1700 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1701 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1702 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1703 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1704 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1705 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1706 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1707 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1708 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1709 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1710 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1711 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1712 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1714 if (real_expr is DoubleConstant){
1715 double v = ((DoubleConstant) real_expr).Value;
1717 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type){
1718 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1719 } if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
1720 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1721 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type)
1722 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1723 if (target_type == TypeManager.ushort_type)
1724 return new UShortConstant ((ushort) v);
1725 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1726 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1727 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1728 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1729 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1730 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1731 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1732 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1733 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1734 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1735 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type)
1736 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1737 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1738 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1741 if (real_expr is CharConstant){
1742 char v = ((CharConstant) real_expr).Value;
1744 if (target_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
1745 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Byte.MinValue, Byte.MaxValue))
1747 return new ByteConstant ((byte) v);
1749 if (target_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
1750 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, SByte.MinValue, SByte.MaxValue))
1752 return new SByteConstant ((sbyte) v);
1754 if (target_type == TypeManager.short_type) {
1755 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Int16.MinValue, Int16.MaxValue))
1757 return new ShortConstant ((short) v);
1759 if (target_type == TypeManager.int32_type)
1760 return new IntConstant ((int) v);
1761 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
1762 return new UIntConstant ((uint) v);
1763 if (target_type == TypeManager.int64_type)
1764 return new LongConstant ((long) v);
1765 if (target_type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
1766 return new ULongConstant ((ulong) v);
1767 if (target_type == TypeManager.float_type)
1768 return new FloatConstant ((float) v);
1769 if (target_type == TypeManager.double_type)
1770 return new DoubleConstant ((double) v);
1771 if (target_type == TypeManager.char_type) {
1772 if (!CheckRange (ec, v, target_type, Char.MinValue, Char.MaxValue))
1774 return new CharConstant ((char) v);
1776 if (target_type == TypeManager.decimal_type)
1777 return new DecimalConstant ((decimal) v);
1783 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
1785 expr = expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
1789 return ResolveRest (ec);
1792 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
1794 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
1798 return ResolveRest (ec);
1801 Expression ResolveRest (EmitContext ec)
1803 TypeExpr target = target_type.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec);
1809 CheckObsoleteAttribute (type);
1811 if (type.IsAbstract && type.IsSealed) {
1812 Report.Error (716, loc, "Cannot convert to static type '{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
1816 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
1818 if (expr is Constant){
1819 Expression e = TryReduce (ec, type);
1825 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe) {
1829 expr = Convert.ExplicitConversion (ec, expr, type, loc);
1833 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
1836 // This one will never happen
1838 throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
1843 /// Binary operators
1845 public class Binary : Expression {
1846 public enum Operator : byte {
1847 Multiply, Division, Modulus,
1848 Addition, Subtraction,
1849 LeftShift, RightShift,
1850 LessThan, GreaterThan, LessThanOrEqual, GreaterThanOrEqual,
1851 Equality, Inequality,
1861 Expression left, right;
1863 // This must be kept in sync with Operator!!!
1864 public static readonly string [] oper_names;
1868 oper_names = new string [(int) Operator.TOP];
1870 oper_names [(int) Operator.Multiply] = "op_Multiply";
1871 oper_names [(int) Operator.Division] = "op_Division";
1872 oper_names [(int) Operator.Modulus] = "op_Modulus";
1873 oper_names [(int) Operator.Addition] = "op_Addition";
1874 oper_names [(int) Operator.Subtraction] = "op_Subtraction";
1875 oper_names [(int) Operator.LeftShift] = "op_LeftShift";
1876 oper_names [(int) Operator.RightShift] = "op_RightShift";
1877 oper_names [(int) Operator.LessThan] = "op_LessThan";
1878 oper_names [(int) Operator.GreaterThan] = "op_GreaterThan";
1879 oper_names [(int) Operator.LessThanOrEqual] = "op_LessThanOrEqual";
1880 oper_names [(int) Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual] = "op_GreaterThanOrEqual";
1881 oper_names [(int) Operator.Equality] = "op_Equality";
1882 oper_names [(int) Operator.Inequality] = "op_Inequality";
1883 oper_names [(int) Operator.BitwiseAnd] = "op_BitwiseAnd";
1884 oper_names [(int) Operator.BitwiseOr] = "op_BitwiseOr";
1885 oper_names [(int) Operator.ExclusiveOr] = "op_ExclusiveOr";
1886 oper_names [(int) Operator.LogicalOr] = "op_LogicalOr";
1887 oper_names [(int) Operator.LogicalAnd] = "op_LogicalAnd";
1890 public Binary (Operator oper, Expression left, Expression right, Location loc)
1898 public Operator Oper {
1907 public Expression Left {
1916 public Expression Right {
1927 /// Returns a stringified representation of the Operator
1929 static string OperName (Operator oper)
1932 case Operator.Multiply:
1934 case Operator.Division:
1936 case Operator.Modulus:
1938 case Operator.Addition:
1940 case Operator.Subtraction:
1942 case Operator.LeftShift:
1944 case Operator.RightShift:
1946 case Operator.LessThan:
1948 case Operator.GreaterThan:
1950 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
1952 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
1954 case Operator.Equality:
1956 case Operator.Inequality:
1958 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
1960 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
1962 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
1964 case Operator.LogicalOr:
1966 case Operator.LogicalAnd:
1970 return oper.ToString ();
1973 public override string ToString ()
1975 return "operator " + OperName (oper) + "(" + left.ToString () + ", " +
1976 right.ToString () + ")";
1979 Expression ForceConversion (EmitContext ec, Expression expr, Type target_type)
1981 if (expr.Type == target_type)
1984 return Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, expr, target_type, loc);
1987 public static void Error_OperatorAmbiguous (Location loc, Operator oper, Type l, Type r)
1990 34, loc, "Operator `" + OperName (oper)
1991 + "' is ambiguous on operands of type `"
1992 + TypeManager.CSharpName (l) + "' "
1993 + "and `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (r)
1997 bool IsOfType (EmitContext ec, Type l, Type r, Type t, bool check_user_conversions)
1999 if ((l == t) || (r == t))
2002 if (!check_user_conversions)
2005 if (Convert.ImplicitUserConversionExists (ec, l, t))
2007 else if (Convert.ImplicitUserConversionExists (ec, r, t))
2014 // Note that handling the case l == Decimal || r == Decimal
2015 // is taken care of by the Step 1 Operator Overload resolution.
2017 // If `check_user_conv' is true, we also check whether a user-defined conversion
2018 // exists. Note that we only need to do this if both arguments are of a user-defined
2019 // type, otherwise ConvertImplict() already finds the user-defined conversion for us,
2020 // so we don't explicitly check for performance reasons.
2022 bool DoNumericPromotions (EmitContext ec, Type l, Type r, bool check_user_conv)
2024 if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.double_type, check_user_conv)){
2026 // If either operand is of type double, the other operand is
2027 // conveted to type double.
2029 if (r != TypeManager.double_type)
2030 right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
2031 if (l != TypeManager.double_type)
2032 left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.double_type, loc);
2034 type = TypeManager.double_type;
2035 } else if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.float_type, check_user_conv)){
2037 // if either operand is of type float, the other operand is
2038 // converted to type float.
2040 if (r != TypeManager.double_type)
2041 right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.float_type, loc);
2042 if (l != TypeManager.double_type)
2043 left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.float_type, loc);
2044 type = TypeManager.float_type;
2045 } else if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.uint64_type, check_user_conv)){
2049 // If either operand is of type ulong, the other operand is
2050 // converted to type ulong. or an error ocurrs if the other
2051 // operand is of type sbyte, short, int or long
2053 if (l == TypeManager.uint64_type){
2054 if (r != TypeManager.uint64_type){
2055 if (right is IntConstant){
2056 IntConstant ic = (IntConstant) right;
2058 e = Convert.TryImplicitIntConversion (l, ic);
2061 } else if (right is LongConstant){
2062 long ll = ((LongConstant) right).Value;
2065 right = new ULongConstant ((ulong) ll);
2067 e = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (ec, right, l, loc);
2074 if (left is IntConstant){
2075 e = Convert.TryImplicitIntConversion (r, (IntConstant) left);
2078 } else if (left is LongConstant){
2079 long ll = ((LongConstant) left).Value;
2082 left = new ULongConstant ((ulong) ll);
2084 e = Convert.ImplicitNumericConversion (ec, left, r, loc);
2091 if ((other == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
2092 (other == TypeManager.short_type) ||
2093 (other == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
2094 (other == TypeManager.int64_type))
2095 Error_OperatorAmbiguous (loc, oper, l, r);
2097 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint64_type);
2098 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.uint64_type);
2100 type = TypeManager.uint64_type;
2101 } else if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.int64_type, check_user_conv)){
2103 // If either operand is of type long, the other operand is converted
2106 if (l != TypeManager.int64_type)
2107 left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
2108 if (r != TypeManager.int64_type)
2109 right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
2111 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
2112 } else if (IsOfType (ec, l, r, TypeManager.uint32_type, check_user_conv)){
2114 // If either operand is of type uint, and the other
2115 // operand is of type sbyte, short or int, othe operands are
2116 // converted to type long (unless we have an int constant).
2120 if (l == TypeManager.uint32_type){
2121 if (right is IntConstant){
2122 IntConstant ic = (IntConstant) right;
2126 right = new UIntConstant ((uint) val);
2133 } else if (r == TypeManager.uint32_type){
2134 if (left is IntConstant){
2135 IntConstant ic = (IntConstant) left;
2139 left = new UIntConstant ((uint) val);
2148 if ((other == TypeManager.sbyte_type) ||
2149 (other == TypeManager.short_type) ||
2150 (other == TypeManager.int32_type)){
2151 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type);
2152 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int64_type);
2153 type = TypeManager.int64_type;
2156 // if either operand is of type uint, the other
2157 // operand is converd to type uint
2159 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint32_type);
2160 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.uint32_type);
2161 type = TypeManager.uint32_type;
2163 } else if (l == TypeManager.decimal_type || r == TypeManager.decimal_type){
2164 if (l != TypeManager.decimal_type)
2165 left = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.decimal_type, loc);
2167 if (r != TypeManager.decimal_type)
2168 right = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.decimal_type, loc);
2169 type = TypeManager.decimal_type;
2171 left = ForceConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int32_type);
2172 right = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int32_type);
2174 type = TypeManager.int32_type;
2177 return (left != null) && (right != null);
2180 static public void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (Location loc, string name, Type l, Type r)
2182 Report.Error (19, loc,
2183 "Operator " + name + " cannot be applied to operands of type `" +
2184 TypeManager.CSharpName (l) + "' and `" +
2185 TypeManager.CSharpName (r) + "'");
2188 void Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ()
2190 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (loc, OperName (oper), left.Type, right.Type);
2193 static bool is_unsigned (Type t)
2195 return (t == TypeManager.uint32_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type ||
2196 t == TypeManager.short_type || t == TypeManager.byte_type);
2199 static bool is_user_defined (Type t)
2201 if (t.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.value_type) &&
2202 (!TypeManager.IsBuiltinType (t) || t == TypeManager.decimal_type))
2208 Expression Make32or64 (EmitContext ec, Expression e)
2212 if (t == TypeManager.int32_type || t == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
2213 t == TypeManager.int64_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
2215 Expression ee = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
2218 ee = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.uint32_type, loc);
2221 ee = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.int64_type, loc);
2224 ee = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, e, TypeManager.uint64_type, loc);
2230 Expression CheckShiftArguments (EmitContext ec)
2234 e = ForceConversion (ec, right, TypeManager.int32_type);
2236 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2241 if (((e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int32_type, loc)) != null) ||
2242 ((e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint32_type, loc)) != null) ||
2243 ((e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.int64_type, loc)) != null) ||
2244 ((e = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, TypeManager.uint64_type, loc)) != null)){
2248 if (type == TypeManager.int32_type || type == TypeManager.uint32_type){
2249 right = new Binary (Binary.Operator.BitwiseAnd, right, new IntLiteral (31), loc);
2250 right = right.DoResolve (ec);
2252 right = new Binary (Binary.Operator.BitwiseAnd, right, new IntLiteral (63), loc);
2253 right = right.DoResolve (ec);
2258 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2263 // This is used to check if a test 'x == null' can be optimized to a reference equals,
2264 // i.e., not invoke op_Equality.
2266 static bool EqualsNullIsReferenceEquals (Type t)
2268 return t == TypeManager.object_type || t == TypeManager.string_type ||
2269 t == TypeManager.delegate_type || t.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.delegate_type);
2272 Expression ResolveOperator (EmitContext ec)
2275 Type r = right.Type;
2277 if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality){
2278 if (l.IsGenericParameter && (right is NullLiteral)) {
2279 if (l.BaseType == TypeManager.value_type) {
2280 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2284 left = new BoxedCast (left);
2285 Type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2289 if (r.IsGenericParameter && (left is NullLiteral)) {
2290 if (r.BaseType == TypeManager.value_type) {
2291 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2295 right = new BoxedCast (right);
2296 Type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2301 // Optimize out call to op_Equality in a few cases.
2303 if ((l == TypeManager.null_type && EqualsNullIsReferenceEquals (r)) ||
2304 (r == TypeManager.null_type && EqualsNullIsReferenceEquals (l))) {
2305 Type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2311 if (l == TypeManager.intptr_type && r == TypeManager.intptr_type) {
2312 Type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2319 // Do not perform operator overload resolution when both sides are
2322 if (!(TypeManager.IsPrimitiveType (l) && TypeManager.IsPrimitiveType (r))){
2324 // Step 1: Perform Operator Overload location
2326 Expression left_expr, right_expr;
2328 string op = oper_names [(int) oper];
2330 MethodGroupExpr union;
2331 left_expr = MemberLookup (ec, l, op, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
2333 right_expr = MemberLookup (
2334 ec, r, op, MemberTypes.Method, AllBindingFlags, loc);
2335 union = Invocation.MakeUnionSet (left_expr, right_expr, loc);
2337 union = (MethodGroupExpr) left_expr;
2339 if (union != null) {
2340 ArrayList args = new ArrayList (2);
2341 args.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
2342 args.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
2344 MethodBase method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
2345 ec, union, args, true, Location.Null);
2347 if (method != null) {
2348 MethodInfo mi = (MethodInfo) method;
2350 return new BinaryMethod (mi.ReturnType, method, args);
2356 // Step 0: String concatenation (because overloading will get this wrong)
2358 if (oper == Operator.Addition){
2360 // If any of the arguments is a string, cast to string
2363 // Simple constant folding
2364 if (left is StringConstant && right is StringConstant)
2365 return new StringConstant (((StringConstant) left).Value + ((StringConstant) right).Value);
2367 if (l == TypeManager.string_type || r == TypeManager.string_type) {
2369 if (r == TypeManager.void_type || l == TypeManager.void_type) {
2370 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2374 // try to fold it in on the left
2375 if (left is StringConcat) {
2378 // We have to test here for not-null, since we can be doubly-resolved
2379 // take care of not appending twice
2382 type = TypeManager.string_type;
2383 ((StringConcat) left).Append (ec, right);
2384 return left.Resolve (ec);
2390 // Otherwise, start a new concat expression
2391 return new StringConcat (ec, loc, left, right).Resolve (ec);
2395 // Transform a + ( - b) into a - b
2397 if (right is Unary){
2398 Unary right_unary = (Unary) right;
2400 if (right_unary.Oper == Unary.Operator.UnaryNegation){
2401 oper = Operator.Subtraction;
2402 right = right_unary.Expr;
2408 if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality){
2409 if (l == TypeManager.bool_type || r == TypeManager.bool_type){
2410 if (r != TypeManager.bool_type || l != TypeManager.bool_type){
2411 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2415 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2419 if (l.IsPointer || r.IsPointer) {
2420 if (l.IsPointer && r.IsPointer) {
2421 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2425 if (l.IsPointer && r == TypeManager.null_type) {
2426 right = new EmptyCast (NullPointer.Null, l);
2427 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2431 if (r.IsPointer && l == TypeManager.null_type) {
2432 left = new EmptyCast (NullPointer.Null, r);
2433 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2439 // operator != (object a, object b)
2440 // operator == (object a, object b)
2442 // For this to be used, both arguments have to be reference-types.
2443 // Read the rationale on the spec (14.9.6)
2445 // Also, if at compile time we know that the classes do not inherit
2446 // one from the other, then we catch the error there.
2448 if (!(l.IsValueType || r.IsValueType)){
2449 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2454 if (l.IsSubclassOf (r) || r.IsSubclassOf (l))
2458 // Also, a standard conversion must exist from either one
2460 if (!(Convert.ImplicitStandardConversionExists (ec, left, r) ||
2461 Convert.ImplicitStandardConversionExists (ec, right, l))){
2462 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2466 // We are going to have to convert to an object to compare
2468 if (l != TypeManager.object_type)
2469 left = new EmptyCast (left, TypeManager.object_type);
2470 if (r != TypeManager.object_type)
2471 right = new EmptyCast (right, TypeManager.object_type);
2474 // FIXME: CSC here catches errors cs254 and cs252
2480 // One of them is a valuetype, but the other one is not.
2482 if (!l.IsValueType || !r.IsValueType) {
2483 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2488 // Only perform numeric promotions on:
2489 // +, -, *, /, %, &, |, ^, ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
2491 if (oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction) {
2492 if (TypeManager.IsDelegateType (l)){
2493 if (((right.eclass == ExprClass.MethodGroup) ||
2494 (r == TypeManager.anonymous_method_type))){
2495 if ((RootContext.Version != LanguageVersion.ISO_1)){
2496 Expression tmp = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, right, l, loc);
2504 if (TypeManager.IsDelegateType (r)){
2506 ArrayList args = new ArrayList (2);
2508 args = new ArrayList (2);
2509 args.Add (new Argument (left, Argument.AType.Expression));
2510 args.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
2512 if (oper == Operator.Addition)
2513 method = TypeManager.delegate_combine_delegate_delegate;
2515 method = TypeManager.delegate_remove_delegate_delegate;
2517 if (!TypeManager.IsEqual (l, r)) {
2518 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2522 return new BinaryDelegate (l, method, args);
2527 // Pointer arithmetic:
2529 // T* operator + (T* x, int y);
2530 // T* operator + (T* x, uint y);
2531 // T* operator + (T* x, long y);
2532 // T* operator + (T* x, ulong y);
2534 // T* operator + (int y, T* x);
2535 // T* operator + (uint y, T *x);
2536 // T* operator + (long y, T *x);
2537 // T* operator + (ulong y, T *x);
2539 // T* operator - (T* x, int y);
2540 // T* operator - (T* x, uint y);
2541 // T* operator - (T* x, long y);
2542 // T* operator - (T* x, ulong y);
2544 // long operator - (T* x, T *y)
2547 if (r.IsPointer && oper == Operator.Subtraction){
2549 return new PointerArithmetic (
2550 false, left, right, TypeManager.int64_type,
2553 Expression t = Make32or64 (ec, right);
2555 return new PointerArithmetic (oper == Operator.Addition, left, t, l, loc).Resolve (ec);
2557 } else if (r.IsPointer && oper == Operator.Addition){
2558 Expression t = Make32or64 (ec, left);
2560 return new PointerArithmetic (true, right, t, r, loc).Resolve (ec);
2565 // Enumeration operators
2567 bool lie = TypeManager.IsEnumType (l);
2568 bool rie = TypeManager.IsEnumType (r);
2572 // U operator - (E e, E f)
2574 if (oper == Operator.Subtraction){
2576 type = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (l);
2579 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2585 // operator + (E e, U x)
2586 // operator - (E e, U x)
2588 if (oper == Operator.Addition || oper == Operator.Subtraction){
2589 Type enum_type = lie ? l : r;
2590 Type other_type = lie ? r : l;
2591 Type underlying_type = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (enum_type);
2593 if (underlying_type != other_type){
2594 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, lie ? right : left, underlying_type, loc);
2604 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2613 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, right, l, loc);
2617 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2621 temp = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, left, r, loc);
2626 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2631 if (oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality ||
2632 oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual || oper == Operator.LessThan ||
2633 oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual || oper == Operator.GreaterThan){
2634 if (left.Type != right.Type){
2635 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2638 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2642 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd ||
2643 oper == Operator.BitwiseOr ||
2644 oper == Operator.ExclusiveOr){
2645 if (left.Type != right.Type){
2646 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2652 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2656 if (oper == Operator.LeftShift || oper == Operator.RightShift)
2657 return CheckShiftArguments (ec);
2659 if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr || oper == Operator.LogicalAnd){
2660 if (l == TypeManager.bool_type && r == TypeManager.bool_type) {
2661 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2666 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2670 Expression e = new ConditionalLogicalOperator (
2671 oper == Operator.LogicalAnd, left, right, l, loc);
2672 return e.Resolve (ec);
2676 // operator & (bool x, bool y)
2677 // operator | (bool x, bool y)
2678 // operator ^ (bool x, bool y)
2680 if (l == TypeManager.bool_type && r == TypeManager.bool_type){
2681 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd ||
2682 oper == Operator.BitwiseOr ||
2683 oper == Operator.ExclusiveOr){
2690 // Pointer comparison
2692 if (l.IsPointer && r.IsPointer){
2693 if (oper == Operator.LessThan || oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual ||
2694 oper == Operator.GreaterThan || oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual){
2695 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2701 // This will leave left or right set to null if there is an error
2703 bool check_user_conv = is_user_defined (l) && is_user_defined (r);
2704 DoNumericPromotions (ec, l, r, check_user_conv);
2705 if (left == null || right == null){
2706 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (loc, OperName (oper), l, r);
2711 // reload our cached types if required
2716 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd ||
2717 oper == Operator.BitwiseOr ||
2718 oper == Operator.ExclusiveOr){
2720 if (((l == TypeManager.int32_type) ||
2721 (l == TypeManager.uint32_type) ||
2722 (l == TypeManager.short_type) ||
2723 (l == TypeManager.ushort_type) ||
2724 (l == TypeManager.int64_type) ||
2725 (l == TypeManager.uint64_type))){
2728 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2732 Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied ();
2737 if (oper == Operator.Equality ||
2738 oper == Operator.Inequality ||
2739 oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual ||
2740 oper == Operator.LessThan ||
2741 oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual ||
2742 oper == Operator.GreaterThan){
2743 type = TypeManager.bool_type;
2749 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
2751 if ((oper == Operator.Subtraction) && (left is ParenthesizedExpression)) {
2752 left = ((ParenthesizedExpression) left).Expr;
2753 left = left.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type);
2757 if (left.eclass == ExprClass.Type) {
2758 Error (75, "Casting a negative value needs to have the value in parentheses.");
2762 left = left.Resolve (ec);
2767 Constant lc = left as Constant;
2768 if (lc != null && lc.Type == TypeManager.bool_type &&
2769 ((oper == Operator.LogicalAnd && (bool)lc.GetValue () == false) ||
2770 (oper == Operator.LogicalOr && (bool)lc.GetValue () == true))) {
2772 // TODO: make a sense to resolve unreachable expression as we do for statement
2773 Report.Warning (429, 4, loc, "Unreachable expression code detected");
2777 right = right.Resolve (ec);
2781 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
2783 Constant rc = right as Constant;
2785 if (oper == Operator.BitwiseAnd) {
2786 if (rc != null && rc.IsZeroInteger) {
2787 return lc is EnumConstant ?
2788 new EnumConstant (rc, lc.Type):
2792 if (lc != null && lc.IsZeroInteger) {
2793 return rc is EnumConstant ?
2794 new EnumConstant (lc, rc.Type):
2799 if (rc != null && lc != null){
2800 Expression e = ConstantFold.BinaryFold (
2801 ec, oper, lc, rc, loc);
2806 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (left.Type) || TypeManager.IsNullableType (right.Type))
2807 return new Nullable.LiftedBinaryOperator (oper, left, right, loc).Resolve (ec);
2809 return ResolveOperator (ec);
2813 /// EmitBranchable is called from Statement.EmitBoolExpression in the
2814 /// context of a conditional bool expression. This function will return
2815 /// false if it is was possible to use EmitBranchable, or true if it was.
2817 /// The expression's code is generated, and we will generate a branch to `target'
2818 /// if the resulting expression value is equal to isTrue
2820 public override void EmitBranchable (EmitContext ec, Label target, bool onTrue)
2822 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
2825 // This is more complicated than it looks, but its just to avoid
2826 // duplicated tests: basically, we allow ==, !=, >, <, >= and <=
2827 // but on top of that we want for == and != to use a special path
2828 // if we are comparing against null
2830 if ((oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality) && (left is Constant || right is Constant)) {
2831 bool my_on_true = oper == Operator.Inequality ? onTrue : !onTrue;
2834 // put the constant on the rhs, for simplicity
2836 if (left is Constant) {
2837 Expression swap = right;
2842 if (((Constant) right).IsZeroInteger) {
2845 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brtrue, target);
2847 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
2850 } else if (right is BoolConstant){
2852 if (my_on_true != ((BoolConstant) right).Value)
2853 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brtrue, target);
2855 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Brfalse, target);
2860 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
2863 Label tests_end = ig.DefineLabel ();
2865 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, false);
2866 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
2867 ig.MarkLabel (tests_end);
2869 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
2870 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
2875 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr){
2877 left.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
2878 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, true);
2881 Label tests_end = ig.DefineLabel ();
2882 left.EmitBranchable (ec, tests_end, true);
2883 right.EmitBranchable (ec, target, false);
2884 ig.MarkLabel (tests_end);
2889 } else if (!(oper == Operator.LessThan || oper == Operator.GreaterThan ||
2890 oper == Operator.LessThanOrEqual || oper == Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual ||
2891 oper == Operator.Equality || oper == Operator.Inequality)) {
2892 base.EmitBranchable (ec, target, onTrue);
2900 bool isUnsigned = is_unsigned (t) || t == TypeManager.double_type || t == TypeManager.float_type;
2903 case Operator.Equality:
2905 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
2907 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
2910 case Operator.Inequality:
2912 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bne_Un, target);
2914 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Beq, target);
2917 case Operator.LessThan:
2920 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
2922 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
2925 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
2927 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
2930 case Operator.GreaterThan:
2933 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
2935 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
2938 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
2940 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
2943 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
2946 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble_Un, target);
2948 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ble, target);
2951 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt_Un, target);
2953 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bgt, target);
2957 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
2960 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge_Un, target);
2962 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Bge, target);
2965 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt_Un, target);
2967 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Blt, target);
2970 Console.WriteLine (oper);
2971 throw new Exception ("what is THAT");
2975 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
2977 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
2982 // Handle short-circuit operators differently
2985 if (oper == Operator.LogicalAnd) {
2986 Label load_zero = ig.DefineLabel ();
2987 Label end = ig.DefineLabel ();
2989 left.EmitBranchable (ec, load_zero, false);
2991 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end);
2993 ig.MarkLabel (load_zero);
2994 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
2997 } else if (oper == Operator.LogicalOr) {
2998 Label load_one = ig.DefineLabel ();
2999 Label end = ig.DefineLabel ();
3001 left.EmitBranchable (ec, load_one, true);
3003 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end);
3005 ig.MarkLabel (load_one);
3006 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
3014 bool isUnsigned = is_unsigned (left.Type);
3017 case Operator.Multiply:
3019 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
3020 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf;
3021 else if (isUnsigned)
3022 opcode = OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un;
3024 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
3026 opcode = OpCodes.Mul;
3030 case Operator.Division:
3032 opcode = OpCodes.Div_Un;
3034 opcode = OpCodes.Div;
3037 case Operator.Modulus:
3039 opcode = OpCodes.Rem_Un;
3041 opcode = OpCodes.Rem;
3044 case Operator.Addition:
3046 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
3047 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf;
3048 else if (isUnsigned)
3049 opcode = OpCodes.Add_Ovf_Un;
3051 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
3053 opcode = OpCodes.Add;
3056 case Operator.Subtraction:
3058 if (l == TypeManager.int32_type || l == TypeManager.int64_type)
3059 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf;
3060 else if (isUnsigned)
3061 opcode = OpCodes.Sub_Ovf_Un;
3063 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
3065 opcode = OpCodes.Sub;
3068 case Operator.RightShift:
3070 opcode = OpCodes.Shr_Un;
3072 opcode = OpCodes.Shr;
3075 case Operator.LeftShift:
3076 opcode = OpCodes.Shl;
3079 case Operator.Equality:
3080 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
3083 case Operator.Inequality:
3084 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ceq);
3085 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
3087 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
3090 case Operator.LessThan:
3092 opcode = OpCodes.Clt_Un;
3094 opcode = OpCodes.Clt;
3097 case Operator.GreaterThan:
3099 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt_Un;
3101 opcode = OpCodes.Cgt;
3104 case Operator.LessThanOrEqual:
3105 Type lt = left.Type;
3107 if (isUnsigned || (lt == TypeManager.double_type || lt == TypeManager.float_type))
3108 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt_Un);
3110 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Cgt);
3111 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
3113 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
3116 case Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual:
3117 Type le = left.Type;
3119 if (isUnsigned || (le == TypeManager.double_type || le == TypeManager.float_type))
3120 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Clt_Un);
3122 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Clt);
3124 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
3126 opcode = OpCodes.Ceq;
3129 case Operator.BitwiseOr:
3130 opcode = OpCodes.Or;
3133 case Operator.BitwiseAnd:
3134 opcode = OpCodes.And;
3137 case Operator.ExclusiveOr:
3138 opcode = OpCodes.Xor;
3142 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: Operator = "
3143 + oper.ToString ());
3151 // Object created by Binary when the binary operator uses an method instead of being
3152 // a binary operation that maps to a CIL binary operation.
3154 public class BinaryMethod : Expression {
3155 public MethodBase method;
3156 public ArrayList Arguments;
3158 public BinaryMethod (Type t, MethodBase m, ArrayList args)
3163 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3166 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3171 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3173 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3175 if (Arguments != null)
3176 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments, false, null);
3178 if (method is MethodInfo)
3179 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
3181 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
3186 // Represents the operation a + b [+ c [+ d [+ ...]]], where a is a string
3187 // b, c, d... may be strings or objects.
3189 public class StringConcat : Expression {
3191 bool invalid = false;
3192 bool emit_conv_done = false;
3194 // Are we also concating objects?
3196 bool is_strings_only = true;
3198 public StringConcat (EmitContext ec, Location loc, Expression left, Expression right)
3201 type = TypeManager.string_type;
3202 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3204 operands = new ArrayList (2);
3209 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3217 public void Append (EmitContext ec, Expression operand)
3222 if (operand is StringConstant && operands.Count != 0) {
3223 StringConstant last_operand = operands [operands.Count - 1] as StringConstant;
3224 if (last_operand != null) {
3225 operands [operands.Count - 1] = new StringConstant (last_operand.Value + ((StringConstant) operand).Value);
3231 // Conversion to object
3233 if (operand.Type != TypeManager.string_type) {
3234 Expression no = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, operand, TypeManager.object_type, loc);
3237 Binary.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (loc, "+", TypeManager.string_type, operand.Type);
3243 operands.Add (operand);
3246 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3248 MethodInfo concat_method = null;
3251 // Do conversion to arguments; check for strings only
3254 // This can get called multiple times, so we have to deal with that.
3255 if (!emit_conv_done) {
3256 emit_conv_done = true;
3257 for (int i = 0; i < operands.Count; i ++) {
3258 Expression e = (Expression) operands [i];
3259 is_strings_only &= e.Type == TypeManager.string_type;
3262 for (int i = 0; i < operands.Count; i ++) {
3263 Expression e = (Expression) operands [i];
3265 if (! is_strings_only && e.Type == TypeManager.string_type) {
3266 // need to make sure this is an object, because the EmitParams
3267 // method might look at the type of this expression, see it is a
3268 // string and emit a string [] when we want an object [];
3270 e = new EmptyCast (e, TypeManager.object_type);
3272 operands [i] = new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression);
3277 // Find the right method
3279 switch (operands.Count) {
3282 // This should not be possible, because simple constant folding
3283 // is taken care of in the Binary code.
3285 throw new Exception ("how did you get here?");
3288 concat_method = is_strings_only ?
3289 TypeManager.string_concat_string_string :
3290 TypeManager.string_concat_object_object ;
3293 concat_method = is_strings_only ?
3294 TypeManager.string_concat_string_string_string :
3295 TypeManager.string_concat_object_object_object ;
3299 // There is not a 4 param overlaod for object (the one that there is
3300 // is actually a varargs methods, and is only in corlib because it was
3301 // introduced there before.).
3303 if (!is_strings_only)
3306 concat_method = TypeManager.string_concat_string_string_string_string;
3309 concat_method = is_strings_only ?
3310 TypeManager.string_concat_string_dot_dot_dot :
3311 TypeManager.string_concat_object_dot_dot_dot ;
3315 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, concat_method, operands, false, null);
3316 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, concat_method);
3321 // Object created with +/= on delegates
3323 public class BinaryDelegate : Expression {
3327 public BinaryDelegate (Type t, MethodInfo mi, ArrayList args)
3332 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3335 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3340 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3342 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3344 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, args, false, null);
3346 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
3347 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Castclass, type);
3350 public Expression Right {
3352 Argument arg = (Argument) args [1];
3357 public bool IsAddition {
3359 return method == TypeManager.delegate_combine_delegate_delegate;
3365 // User-defined conditional logical operator
3366 public class ConditionalLogicalOperator : Expression {
3367 Expression left, right;
3370 public ConditionalLogicalOperator (bool is_and, Expression left, Expression right, Type t, Location loc)
3373 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3377 this.is_and = is_and;
3380 protected void Error19 ()
3382 Binary.Error_OperatorCannotBeApplied (loc, is_and ? "&&" : "||", type, type);
3385 protected void Error218 ()
3387 Error (218, "The type ('" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type) + "') must contain " +
3388 "declarations of operator true and operator false");
3391 Expression op_true, op_false, op;
3392 LocalTemporary left_temp;
3394 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3397 Expression operator_group;
3399 operator_group = MethodLookup (ec, type, is_and ? "op_BitwiseAnd" : "op_BitwiseOr", loc);
3400 if (operator_group == null) {
3405 left_temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
3407 ArrayList arguments = new ArrayList ();
3408 arguments.Add (new Argument (left_temp, Argument.AType.Expression));
3409 arguments.Add (new Argument (right, Argument.AType.Expression));
3410 method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
3411 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) operator_group, arguments, false, loc)
3413 if (method == null) {
3418 if (method.ReturnType != type) {
3419 Report.Error (217, loc, "In order to be applicable as a short circuit operator a user-defined logical operator ('{0}') " +
3420 "must have the same return type as the type of its 2 parameters", TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method));
3424 op = new StaticCallExpr (method, arguments, loc);
3426 op_true = GetOperatorTrue (ec, left_temp, loc);
3427 op_false = GetOperatorFalse (ec, left_temp, loc);
3428 if ((op_true == null) || (op_false == null)) {
3436 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3438 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3439 Label false_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
3440 Label end_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
3443 left_temp.Store (ec);
3445 (is_and ? op_false : op_true).EmitBranchable (ec, false_target, false);
3446 left_temp.Emit (ec);
3447 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end_target);
3448 ig.MarkLabel (false_target);
3450 ig.MarkLabel (end_target);
3454 public class PointerArithmetic : Expression {
3455 Expression left, right;
3459 // We assume that `l' is always a pointer
3461 public PointerArithmetic (bool is_addition, Expression l, Expression r, Type t, Location loc)
3467 is_add = is_addition;
3470 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3472 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3474 if (left.Type == TypeManager.void_ptr_type) {
3475 Error (242, "The operation in question is undefined on void pointers");
3482 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3484 Type op_type = left.Type;
3485 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3487 // It must be either array or fixed buffer
3488 Type element = TypeManager.HasElementType (op_type) ?
3489 element = TypeManager.GetElementType (op_type) :
3490 element = AttributeTester.GetFixedBuffer (((FieldExpr)left).FieldInfo).ElementType;
3492 int size = GetTypeSize (element);
3493 Type rtype = right.Type;
3495 if (rtype.IsPointer){
3497 // handle (pointer - pointer)
3501 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
3505 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
3507 IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, size);
3508 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Div);
3510 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
3513 // handle + and - on (pointer op int)
3516 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
3518 Constant right_const = right as Constant;
3519 if (right_const != null && size != 0) {
3520 Expression ex = ConstantFold.BinaryFold (ec, Binary.Operator.Multiply, new IntConstant (size), right_const, loc);
3528 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, element);
3530 IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, size);
3531 if (rtype == TypeManager.int64_type)
3532 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I8);
3533 else if (rtype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
3534 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_U8);
3535 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Mul);
3539 if (rtype == TypeManager.int64_type || rtype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
3540 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
3543 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
3545 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sub);
3551 /// Implements the ternary conditional operator (?:)
3553 public class Conditional : Expression {
3554 Expression expr, trueExpr, falseExpr;
3556 public Conditional (Expression expr, Expression trueExpr, Expression falseExpr, Location l)
3559 this.trueExpr = trueExpr;
3560 this.falseExpr = falseExpr;
3564 public Expression Expr {
3570 public Expression TrueExpr {
3576 public Expression FalseExpr {
3582 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3584 expr = expr.Resolve (ec);
3589 if (TypeManager.IsNullableType (expr.Type))
3590 return new Nullable.LiftedConditional (expr, trueExpr, falseExpr, loc).Resolve (ec);
3592 if (expr.Type != TypeManager.bool_type){
3593 expr = Expression.ResolveBoolean (
3600 trueExpr = trueExpr.Resolve (ec);
3601 falseExpr = falseExpr.Resolve (ec);
3603 if (trueExpr == null || falseExpr == null)
3606 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3607 if (trueExpr.Type == falseExpr.Type)
3608 type = trueExpr.Type;
3611 Type true_type = trueExpr.Type;
3612 Type false_type = falseExpr.Type;
3615 // First, if an implicit conversion exists from trueExpr
3616 // to falseExpr, then the result type is of type falseExpr.Type
3618 conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, trueExpr, false_type, loc);
3621 // Check if both can convert implicitl to each other's type
3623 if (Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, falseExpr, true_type, loc) != null){
3625 "Can not compute type of conditional expression " +
3626 "as `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (trueExpr.Type) +
3627 "' and `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (falseExpr.Type) +
3628 "' convert implicitly to each other");
3633 } else if ((conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion(ec, falseExpr, true_type,loc))!= null){
3637 Error (173, "The type of the conditional expression can " +
3638 "not be computed because there is no implicit conversion" +
3639 " from `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (trueExpr.Type) + "'" +
3640 " and `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (falseExpr.Type) + "'");
3645 // Dead code optimalization
3646 if (expr is BoolConstant){
3647 BoolConstant bc = (BoolConstant) expr;
3649 Report.Warning (429, 4, bc.Value ? falseExpr.Location : trueExpr.Location, "Unreachable expression code detected");
3650 return bc.Value ? trueExpr : falseExpr;
3656 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3658 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3659 Label false_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
3660 Label end_target = ig.DefineLabel ();
3662 expr.EmitBranchable (ec, false_target, false);
3664 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Br, end_target);
3665 ig.MarkLabel (false_target);
3666 falseExpr.Emit (ec);
3667 ig.MarkLabel (end_target);
3675 public class LocalVariableReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation, IVariable {
3676 public readonly string Name;
3677 public readonly Block Block;
3678 public LocalInfo local_info;
3681 LocalTemporary temp;
3683 public LocalVariableReference (Block block, string name, Location l)
3688 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3692 // Setting `is_readonly' to false will allow you to create a writable
3693 // reference to a read-only variable. This is used by foreach and using.
3695 public LocalVariableReference (Block block, string name, Location l,
3696 LocalInfo local_info, bool is_readonly)
3697 : this (block, name, l)
3699 this.local_info = local_info;
3700 this.is_readonly = is_readonly;
3703 public VariableInfo VariableInfo {
3705 return local_info.VariableInfo;
3709 public bool IsReadOnly {
3715 protected Expression DoResolveBase (EmitContext ec, Expression lvalue_right_side)
3717 if (local_info == null) {
3718 local_info = Block.GetLocalInfo (Name);
3721 if (lvalue_right_side == EmptyExpression.Null)
3722 local_info.Used = true;
3724 is_readonly = local_info.ReadOnly;
3727 type = local_info.VariableType;
3729 VariableInfo variable_info = local_info.VariableInfo;
3730 if (lvalue_right_side != null){
3732 if (lvalue_right_side is LocalVariableReference || lvalue_right_side == EmptyExpression.Null)
3733 Report.Error (1657, loc, "Cannot pass '{0}' with '{1}' modifier because it is a '{2}'",
3734 Name, lvalue_right_side == EmptyExpression.Null ? "out" : "ref",
3735 local_info.GetReadOnlyContext ());
3737 Report.Error (1656, loc, "Cannot assign to '{0}' because it is a '{1}'",
3738 Name, local_info.GetReadOnlyContext ());
3742 if (variable_info != null)
3743 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
3746 Expression e = Block.GetConstantExpression (Name);
3748 local_info.Used = true;
3749 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
3750 return e.Resolve (ec);
3753 if ((variable_info != null) && !variable_info.IsAssigned (ec, loc))
3756 if (lvalue_right_side == null)
3757 local_info.Used = true;
3759 if (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod != null){
3761 // If we are referencing a variable from the external block
3762 // flag it for capturing
3764 if ((local_info.Block.Toplevel != ec.CurrentBlock.Toplevel) ||
3765 ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod.IsIterator)
3767 if (local_info.AddressTaken){
3768 AnonymousMethod.Error_AddressOfCapturedVar (local_info.Name, loc);
3771 ec.CaptureVariable (local_info);
3778 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
3780 return DoResolveBase (ec, null);
3783 override public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
3785 Expression ret = DoResolveBase (ec, right_side);
3787 CheckObsoleteAttribute (ret.Type);
3792 public bool VerifyFixed (bool is_expression)
3794 return !is_expression || local_info.IsFixed;
3797 public override int GetHashCode()
3799 return Name.GetHashCode ();
3802 public override bool Equals (object obj)
3804 LocalVariableReference lvr = obj as LocalVariableReference;
3808 return Name == lvr.Name && Block == lvr.Block;
3811 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
3813 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3815 if (local_info.FieldBuilder == null){
3817 // A local variable on the local CLR stack
3819 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, local_info.LocalBuilder);
3822 // A local variable captured by anonymous methods.
3825 ec.EmitCapturedVariableInstance (local_info);
3827 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldfld, local_info.FieldBuilder);
3831 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
3835 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3836 if (local_info.FieldBuilder != null){
3837 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, Type);
3843 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
3845 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3846 prepared = prepare_for_load;
3848 if (local_info.FieldBuilder == null){
3850 // A local variable on the local CLR stack
3852 if (local_info.LocalBuilder == null)
3853 throw new Exception ("This should not happen: both Field and Local are null");
3857 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3858 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, local_info.LocalBuilder);
3861 // A local variable captured by anonymous methods or itereators.
3863 ec.EmitCapturedVariableInstance (local_info);
3865 if (prepare_for_load)
3866 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3869 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
3870 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, Type);
3873 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stfld, local_info.FieldBuilder);
3879 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
3881 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
3883 if (local_info.FieldBuilder == null){
3885 // A local variable on the local CLR stack
3887 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca, local_info.LocalBuilder);
3890 // A local variable captured by anonymous methods or iterators
3892 ec.EmitCapturedVariableInstance (local_info);
3893 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldflda, local_info.FieldBuilder);
3897 public override string ToString ()
3899 return String.Format ("{0} ({1}:{2})", GetType (), Name, loc);
3904 /// This represents a reference to a parameter in the intermediate
3907 public class ParameterReference : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation, IVariable {
3913 public Parameter.Modifier mod;
3914 public bool is_ref, is_out, prepared;
3928 LocalTemporary temp;
3930 public ParameterReference (Parameters pars, Block block, int idx, string name, Location loc)
3937 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3940 public ParameterReference (InternalParameters pars, Block block, int idx, Location loc)
3941 : this (pars.Parameters, block, idx, pars.ParameterName (idx), loc)
3944 public VariableInfo VariableInfo {
3948 public bool VerifyFixed (bool is_expression)
3950 return !is_expression || TypeManager.IsValueType (type);
3953 public bool IsAssigned (EmitContext ec, Location loc)
3955 if (!ec.DoFlowAnalysis || !is_out || ec.CurrentBranching.IsAssigned (vi))
3958 Report.Error (269, loc,
3959 "Use of unassigned out parameter '{0}'", name);
3963 public bool IsFieldAssigned (EmitContext ec, string field_name, Location loc)
3965 if (!ec.DoFlowAnalysis || !is_out || ec.CurrentBranching.IsFieldAssigned (vi, field_name))
3968 Report.Error (170, loc,
3969 "Use of possibly unassigned field `" + field_name + "'");
3973 public void SetAssigned (EmitContext ec)
3975 if (is_out && ec.DoFlowAnalysis)
3976 ec.CurrentBranching.SetAssigned (vi);
3979 public void SetFieldAssigned (EmitContext ec, string field_name)
3981 if (is_out && ec.DoFlowAnalysis)
3982 ec.CurrentBranching.SetFieldAssigned (vi, field_name);
3985 protected void DoResolveBase (EmitContext ec)
3987 type = pars.GetParameterInfo (ec, idx, out mod);
3988 is_ref = (mod & Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF) != 0;
3989 is_out = (mod & Parameter.Modifier.OUT) != 0;
3990 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
3993 vi = block.ParameterMap [idx];
3995 if (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod != null){
3997 Report.Error (1628, Location,
3998 "Can not reference a ref or out parameter in an anonymous method");
4003 // If we are referencing the parameter from the external block
4004 // flag it for capturing
4006 //Console.WriteLine ("Is parameter `{0}' local? {1}", name, block.IsLocalParameter (name));
4007 if (!block.Toplevel.IsLocalParameter (name)){
4008 ec.CaptureParameter (name, type, idx);
4013 public override int GetHashCode()
4015 return name.GetHashCode ();
4018 public override bool Equals (object obj)
4020 ParameterReference pr = obj as ParameterReference;
4024 return name == pr.name && block == pr.block;
4028 // Notice that for ref/out parameters, the type exposed is not the
4029 // same type exposed externally.
4032 // externally we expose "int&"
4033 // here we expose "int".
4035 // We record this in "is_ref". This means that the type system can treat
4036 // the type as it is expected, but when we generate the code, we generate
4037 // the alternate kind of code.
4039 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
4043 if (is_out && ec.DoFlowAnalysis && !IsAssigned (ec, loc))
4049 override public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
4058 static public void EmitLdArg (ILGenerator ig, int x)
4062 case 0: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0); break;
4063 case 1: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_1); break;
4064 case 2: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_2); break;
4065 case 3: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_3); break;
4066 default: ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte) x); break;
4069 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg, x);
4073 // This method is used by parameters that are references, that are
4074 // being passed as references: we only want to pass the pointer (that
4075 // is already stored in the parameter, not the address of the pointer,
4076 // and not the value of the variable).
4078 public void EmitLoad (EmitContext ec)
4080 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
4083 if (!ec.MethodIsStatic)
4086 EmitLdArg (ig, arg_idx);
4089 // FIXME: Review for anonymous methods
4093 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4098 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
4100 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
4103 if (ec.HaveCaptureInfo && ec.IsParameterCaptured (name)){
4105 throw new InternalErrorException ();
4107 ec.EmitParameter (name);
4111 if (!ec.MethodIsStatic)
4114 EmitLdArg (ig, arg_idx);
4118 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
4121 // If we are a reference, we loaded on the stack a pointer
4122 // Now lets load the real value
4124 LoadFromPtr (ig, type);
4128 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
4131 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
4137 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
4139 if (ec.HaveCaptureInfo && ec.IsParameterCaptured (name)){
4140 ec.EmitAssignParameter (name, source, leave_copy, prepare_for_load);
4144 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
4147 prepared = prepare_for_load;
4149 if (!ec.MethodIsStatic)
4152 if (is_ref && !prepared)
4153 EmitLdArg (ig, arg_idx);
4158 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
4162 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
4166 StoreFromPtr (ig, type);
4172 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg_S, (byte) arg_idx);
4174 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Starg, arg_idx);
4178 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
4180 if (ec.HaveCaptureInfo && ec.IsParameterCaptured (name)){
4181 ec.EmitAddressOfParameter (name);
4187 if (!ec.MethodIsStatic)
4192 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte) arg_idx);
4194 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg, arg_idx);
4197 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga_S, (byte) arg_idx);
4199 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga, arg_idx);
4206 /// Used for arguments to New(), Invocation()
4208 public class Argument {
4209 public enum AType : byte {
4216 public readonly AType ArgType;
4217 public Expression Expr;
4219 public Argument (Expression expr, AType type)
4222 this.ArgType = type;
4225 public Argument (Expression expr)
4228 this.ArgType = AType.Expression;
4233 if (ArgType == AType.Ref || ArgType == AType.Out)
4234 return TypeManager.GetReferenceType (Expr.Type);
4240 public Parameter.Modifier Modifier
4245 return Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF;
4248 return Parameter.Modifier.REF | Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF;
4251 return Parameter.Modifier.NONE;
4256 public static string FullDesc (Argument a)
4258 if (a.ArgType == AType.ArgList)
4261 return (a.ArgType == AType.Ref ? "ref " :
4262 (a.ArgType == AType.Out ? "out " : "")) +
4263 TypeManager.CSharpName (a.Expr.Type);
4266 public bool ResolveMethodGroup (EmitContext ec, Location loc)
4268 SimpleName sn = Expr as SimpleName;
4270 Expr = sn.GetMethodGroup ();
4272 // FIXME: csc doesn't report any error if you try to use `ref' or
4273 // `out' in a delegate creation expression.
4274 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.MethodGroup);
4281 void Error_LValueRequired (Location loc)
4283 Report.Error (1510, loc, "An lvalue is required as an argument to out or ref");
4286 public bool Resolve (EmitContext ec, Location loc)
4288 bool old_do_flow_analysis = ec.DoFlowAnalysis;
4289 ec.DoFlowAnalysis = true;
4291 if (ArgType == AType.Ref) {
4292 ec.InRefOutArgumentResolving = true;
4293 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
4294 ec.InRefOutArgumentResolving = false;
4296 ec.DoFlowAnalysis = old_do_flow_analysis;
4300 Expr = Expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, Expr);
4302 Error_LValueRequired (loc);
4303 } else if (ArgType == AType.Out) {
4304 ec.InRefOutArgumentResolving = true;
4305 Expr = Expr.DoResolveLValue (ec, EmptyExpression.Null);
4306 ec.InRefOutArgumentResolving = false;
4309 Error_LValueRequired (loc);
4312 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
4314 ec.DoFlowAnalysis = old_do_flow_analysis;
4319 if (ArgType == AType.Expression)
4323 // Catch errors where fields of a MarshalByRefObject are passed as ref or out
4324 // This is only allowed for `this'
4326 FieldExpr fe = Expr as FieldExpr;
4327 if (fe != null && !fe.IsStatic){
4328 Expression instance = fe.InstanceExpression;
4330 if (instance.GetType () != typeof (This)){
4331 if (fe.InstanceExpression.Type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.mbr_type)){
4332 Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (fe.InstanceExpression.Type);
4333 Report.Error (197, loc, "Cannot pass '{0}' as ref or out or take its address because it is a member of a marshal-by-reference class",
4341 if (Expr.eclass != ExprClass.Variable){
4343 // We just probe to match the CSC output
4345 if (Expr.eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess ||
4346 Expr.eclass == ExprClass.IndexerAccess){
4349 "A property or indexer can not be passed as an out or ref " +
4352 Error_LValueRequired (loc);
4360 public void Emit (EmitContext ec)
4363 // Ref and Out parameters need to have their addresses taken.
4365 // ParameterReferences might already be references, so we want
4366 // to pass just the value
4368 if (ArgType == AType.Ref || ArgType == AType.Out){
4369 AddressOp mode = AddressOp.Store;
4371 if (ArgType == AType.Ref)
4372 mode |= AddressOp.Load;
4374 if (Expr is ParameterReference){
4375 ParameterReference pr = (ParameterReference) Expr;
4381 pr.AddressOf (ec, mode);
4384 if (Expr is IMemoryLocation)
4385 ((IMemoryLocation) Expr).AddressOf (ec, mode);
4388 1510, Expr.Location,
4389 "An lvalue is required as an argument to out or ref");
4399 /// Invocation of methods or delegates.
4401 public class Invocation : ExpressionStatement {
4402 public readonly ArrayList Arguments;
4405 MethodBase method = null;
4408 // arguments is an ArrayList, but we do not want to typecast,
4409 // as it might be null.
4411 // FIXME: only allow expr to be a method invocation or a
4412 // delegate invocation (7.5.5)
4414 public Invocation (Expression expr, ArrayList arguments, Location l)
4417 Arguments = arguments;
4421 public Expression Expr {
4428 /// Determines "better conversion" as specified in 7.4.2.3
4430 /// Returns : p if a->p is better,
4431 /// q if a->q is better,
4432 /// null if neither is better
4434 static Type BetterConversion (EmitContext ec, Argument a, Type p, Type q, Location loc)
4436 Type argument_type = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (a.Type);
4437 Expression argument_expr = a.Expr;
4439 // p = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (p);
4440 // q = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (q);
4442 if (argument_type == null)
4443 throw new Exception ("Expression of type " + a.Expr +
4444 " does not resolve its type");
4446 if (p == null || q == null)
4447 throw new InternalErrorException ("BetterConversion Got a null conversion");
4452 if (argument_expr is NullLiteral) {
4454 // If the argument is null and one of the types to compare is 'object' and
4455 // the other is a reference type, we prefer the other.
4457 // This follows from the usual rules:
4458 // * There is an implicit conversion from 'null' to type 'object'
4459 // * There is an implicit conversion from 'null' to any reference type
4460 // * There is an implicit conversion from any reference type to type 'object'
4461 // * There is no implicit conversion from type 'object' to other reference types
4462 // => Conversion of 'null' to a reference type is better than conversion to 'object'
4464 // FIXME: This probably isn't necessary, since the type of a NullLiteral is the
4465 // null type. I think it used to be 'object' and thus needed a special
4466 // case to avoid the immediately following two checks.
4468 if (!p.IsValueType && q == TypeManager.object_type)
4470 if (!q.IsValueType && p == TypeManager.object_type)
4474 if (argument_type == p)
4477 if (argument_type == q)
4480 Expression p_tmp = new EmptyExpression (p);
4481 Expression q_tmp = new EmptyExpression (q);
4483 bool p_to_q = Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, p_tmp, q);
4484 bool q_to_p = Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, q_tmp, p);
4486 if (p_to_q && !q_to_p)
4489 if (q_to_p && !p_to_q)
4492 if (p == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
4493 if (q == TypeManager.byte_type || q == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
4494 q == TypeManager.uint32_type || q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4496 if (q == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
4497 if (p == TypeManager.byte_type || p == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
4498 p == TypeManager.uint32_type || p == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4501 if (p == TypeManager.short_type)
4502 if (q == TypeManager.ushort_type || q == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
4503 q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4506 if (q == TypeManager.short_type)
4507 if (p == TypeManager.ushort_type || p == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
4508 p == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4511 if (p == TypeManager.int32_type)
4512 if (q == TypeManager.uint32_type || q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4515 if (q == TypeManager.int32_type)
4516 if (p == TypeManager.uint32_type || p == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4519 if (p == TypeManager.int64_type)
4520 if (q == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4522 if (q == TypeManager.int64_type)
4523 if (p == TypeManager.uint64_type)
4530 /// Determines "Better function" between candidate
4531 /// and the current best match
4534 /// Returns a boolean indicating :
4535 /// false if candidate ain't better
4536 /// true if candidate is better than the current best match
4538 static bool BetterFunction (EmitContext ec, ArrayList args, int argument_count,
4539 MethodBase candidate, bool candidate_params,
4540 MethodBase best, bool best_params, Location loc)
4542 ParameterData candidate_pd = TypeManager.GetParameterData (candidate);
4543 ParameterData best_pd = TypeManager.GetParameterData (best);
4545 bool better_at_least_one = false;
4547 for (int j = 0; j < argument_count; ++j) {
4548 Argument a = (Argument) args [j];
4550 Type ct = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (candidate_pd.ParameterType (j));
4551 Type bt = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (best_pd.ParameterType (j));
4553 if (candidate_pd.ParameterModifier (j) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
4554 if (candidate_params)
4555 ct = TypeManager.GetElementType (ct);
4557 if (best_pd.ParameterModifier (j) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
4559 bt = TypeManager.GetElementType (bt);
4565 Type better = BetterConversion (ec, a, ct, bt, loc);
4566 // for each argument, the conversion to 'ct' should be no worse than
4567 // the conversion to 'bt'.
4571 // for at least one argument, the conversion to 'ct' should be better than
4572 // the conversion to 'bt'.
4574 better_at_least_one = true;
4577 if (better_at_least_one)
4584 // If two methods have equal parameter types, but
4585 // only one of them is generic, the non-generic one wins.
4587 if (TypeManager.IsGenericMethod (best) && !TypeManager.IsGenericMethod (candidate))
4589 else if (!TypeManager.IsGenericMethod (best) && TypeManager.IsGenericMethod (candidate))
4593 // Note that this is not just an optimization. This handles the case
4594 // This handles the case
4596 // Add (float f1, float f2, float f3);
4597 // Add (params decimal [] foo);
4599 // The call Add (3, 4, 5) should be ambiguous. Without this check, the
4600 // first candidate would've chosen as better.
4603 // This handles the following cases:
4605 // Trim () is better than Trim (params char[] chars)
4606 // Concat (string s1, string s2, string s3) is better than
4607 // Concat (string s1, params string [] srest)
4609 return !candidate_params && best_params;
4612 static bool IsOverride (MethodBase cand_method, MethodBase base_method)
4614 if (!IsAncestralType (base_method.DeclaringType, cand_method.DeclaringType))
4617 ParameterData cand_pd = TypeManager.GetParameterData (cand_method);
4618 ParameterData base_pd = TypeManager.GetParameterData (base_method);
4620 if (cand_pd.Count != base_pd.Count)
4623 for (int j = 0; j < cand_pd.Count; ++j) {
4624 Parameter.Modifier cm = cand_pd.ParameterModifier (j);
4625 Parameter.Modifier bm = base_pd.ParameterModifier (j);
4626 Type ct = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (cand_pd.ParameterType (j));
4627 Type bt = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (base_pd.ParameterType (j));
4629 if (cm != bm || ct != bt)
4636 public static string FullMethodDesc (MethodBase mb)
4638 string ret_type = "";
4643 if (mb is MethodInfo)
4644 ret_type = TypeManager.CSharpName (((MethodInfo) mb).ReturnType);
4646 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder (ret_type);
4648 sb.Append (mb.ReflectedType.ToString ());
4650 sb.Append (mb.Name);
4652 ParameterData pd = TypeManager.GetParameterData (mb);
4654 int count = pd.Count;
4657 for (int i = count; i > 0; ) {
4660 sb.Append (pd.ParameterDesc (count - i - 1));
4666 return sb.ToString ();
4669 public static MethodGroupExpr MakeUnionSet (Expression mg1, Expression mg2, Location loc)
4671 MemberInfo [] miset;
4672 MethodGroupExpr union;
4677 return (MethodGroupExpr) mg2;
4680 return (MethodGroupExpr) mg1;
4683 MethodGroupExpr left_set = null, right_set = null;
4684 int length1 = 0, length2 = 0;
4686 left_set = (MethodGroupExpr) mg1;
4687 length1 = left_set.Methods.Length;
4689 right_set = (MethodGroupExpr) mg2;
4690 length2 = right_set.Methods.Length;
4692 ArrayList common = new ArrayList ();
4694 foreach (MethodBase r in right_set.Methods){
4695 if (TypeManager.ArrayContainsMethod (left_set.Methods, r))
4699 miset = new MemberInfo [length1 + length2 - common.Count];
4700 left_set.Methods.CopyTo (miset, 0);
4704 foreach (MethodBase r in right_set.Methods) {
4705 if (!common.Contains (r))
4709 union = new MethodGroupExpr (miset, loc);
4714 public static bool IsParamsMethodApplicable (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
4715 ArrayList arguments, int arg_count,
4716 ref MethodBase candidate)
4718 return IsParamsMethodApplicable (
4719 ec, me, arguments, arg_count, false, ref candidate) ||
4720 IsParamsMethodApplicable (
4721 ec, me, arguments, arg_count, true, ref candidate);
4726 static bool IsParamsMethodApplicable (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
4727 ArrayList arguments, int arg_count,
4728 bool do_varargs, ref MethodBase candidate)
4730 if (!me.HasTypeArguments &&
4731 !TypeManager.InferParamsTypeArguments (ec, arguments, ref candidate))
4734 return IsParamsMethodApplicable (
4735 ec, arguments, arg_count, candidate, do_varargs);
4739 /// Determines if the candidate method, if a params method, is applicable
4740 /// in its expanded form to the given set of arguments
4742 static bool IsParamsMethodApplicable (EmitContext ec, ArrayList arguments,
4743 int arg_count, MethodBase candidate,
4746 ParameterData pd = TypeManager.GetParameterData (candidate);
4748 int pd_count = pd.Count;
4753 int count = pd_count - 1;
4755 if (pd.ParameterModifier (count) != Parameter.Modifier.ARGLIST)
4757 if (pd_count != arg_count)
4760 if (pd.ParameterModifier (count) != Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)
4764 if (count > arg_count)
4767 if (pd_count == 1 && arg_count == 0)
4771 // If we have come this far, the case which
4772 // remains is when the number of parameters is
4773 // less than or equal to the argument count.
4775 for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
4777 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
4779 Parameter.Modifier a_mod = a.Modifier &
4780 (unchecked (~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF)));
4781 Parameter.Modifier p_mod = pd.ParameterModifier (i) &
4782 (unchecked (~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF)));
4784 if (a_mod == p_mod) {
4786 if (a_mod == Parameter.Modifier.NONE)
4787 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec,
4789 pd.ParameterType (i)))
4792 if ((a_mod & Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF) != 0) {
4793 Type pt = pd.ParameterType (i);
4796 pt = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (pt);
4807 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [count];
4808 if (!(a.Expr is Arglist))
4814 Type element_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (pd.ParameterType (pd_count - 1));
4816 for (int i = pd_count - 1; i < arg_count; i++) {
4817 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
4819 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec, a.Expr, element_type))
4826 public static bool IsApplicable (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
4827 ArrayList arguments, int arg_count,
4828 ref MethodBase candidate)
4830 if (!me.HasTypeArguments &&
4831 !TypeManager.InferTypeArguments (ec, arguments, ref candidate))
4834 return IsApplicable (ec, arguments, arg_count, candidate);
4838 /// Determines if the candidate method is applicable (section 14.4.2.1)
4839 /// to the given set of arguments
4841 static bool IsApplicable (EmitContext ec, ArrayList arguments, int arg_count,
4842 MethodBase candidate)
4844 ParameterData pd = TypeManager.GetParameterData (candidate);
4846 if (arg_count != pd.Count)
4849 for (int i = arg_count; i > 0; ) {
4852 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
4854 Parameter.Modifier a_mod = a.Modifier &
4855 unchecked (~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF));
4856 Parameter.Modifier p_mod = pd.ParameterModifier (i) &
4857 unchecked (~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF));
4859 if (a_mod == p_mod ||
4860 (a_mod == Parameter.Modifier.NONE && p_mod == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS)) {
4861 if (a_mod == Parameter.Modifier.NONE) {
4862 if (!Convert.ImplicitConversionExists (ec,
4864 pd.ParameterType (i)))
4868 if ((a_mod & Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF) != 0) {
4869 Type pt = pd.ParameterType (i);
4872 pt = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (pt);
4884 static private bool IsAncestralType (Type first_type, Type second_type)
4886 return first_type != second_type &&
4887 (second_type.IsSubclassOf (first_type) ||
4888 TypeManager.ImplementsInterface (second_type, first_type));
4892 /// Find the Applicable Function Members (7.4.2.1)
4894 /// me: Method Group expression with the members to select.
4895 /// it might contain constructors or methods (or anything
4896 /// that maps to a method).
4898 /// Arguments: ArrayList containing resolved Argument objects.
4900 /// loc: The location if we want an error to be reported, or a Null
4901 /// location for "probing" purposes.
4903 /// Returns: The MethodBase (either a ConstructorInfo or a MethodInfo)
4904 /// that is the best match of me on Arguments.
4907 public static MethodBase OverloadResolve (EmitContext ec, MethodGroupExpr me,
4908 ArrayList Arguments, bool may_fail,
4911 MethodBase method = null;
4912 bool method_params = false;
4913 Type applicable_type = null;
4915 ArrayList candidates = new ArrayList (2);
4916 ArrayList candidate_overrides = null;
4919 // Used to keep a map between the candidate
4920 // and whether it is being considered in its
4921 // normal or expanded form
4923 // false is normal form, true is expanded form
4925 Hashtable candidate_to_form = null;
4927 if (Arguments != null)
4928 arg_count = Arguments.Count;
4930 if ((me.Name == "Invoke") &&
4931 TypeManager.IsDelegateType (me.DeclaringType)) {
4932 Error_InvokeOnDelegate (loc);
4936 MethodBase[] methods = me.Methods;
4939 // First we construct the set of applicable methods
4941 bool is_sorted = true;
4942 for (int i = 0; i < methods.Length; i++){
4943 Type decl_type = methods [i].DeclaringType;
4946 // If we have already found an applicable method
4947 // we eliminate all base types (Section 14.5.5.1)
4949 if ((applicable_type != null) &&
4950 IsAncestralType (decl_type, applicable_type))
4954 // Methods marked 'override' don't take part in 'applicable_type'
4955 // computation, nor in the actual overload resolution.
4956 // However, they still need to be emitted instead of a base virtual method.
4957 // We avoid doing the 'applicable' test here, since it'll anyway be applied
4958 // to the base virtual function, and IsOverride is much faster than IsApplicable.
4960 if (!me.IsBase && TypeManager.IsOverride (methods [i])) {
4961 if (candidate_overrides == null)
4962 candidate_overrides = new ArrayList ();
4963 candidate_overrides.Add (methods [i]);
4968 // Check if candidate is applicable (section 14.4.2.1)
4969 // Is candidate applicable in normal form?
4971 bool is_applicable = IsApplicable (
4972 ec, me, Arguments, arg_count, ref methods [i]);
4974 if (!is_applicable &&
4975 (IsParamsMethodApplicable (
4976 ec, me, Arguments, arg_count, ref methods [i]))) {
4977 MethodBase candidate = methods [i];
4978 if (candidate_to_form == null)
4979 candidate_to_form = new PtrHashtable ();
4980 candidate_to_form [candidate] = candidate;
4981 // Candidate is applicable in expanded form
4982 is_applicable = true;
4988 candidates.Add (methods [i]);
4990 if (applicable_type == null)
4991 applicable_type = decl_type;
4992 else if (applicable_type != decl_type) {
4994 if (IsAncestralType (applicable_type, decl_type))
4995 applicable_type = decl_type;
4999 int candidate_top = candidates.Count;
5001 if (applicable_type == null) {
5003 // Okay so we have failed to find anything so we
5004 // return by providing info about the closest match
5006 for (int i = 0; i < methods.Length; ++i) {
5007 MethodBase c = (MethodBase) methods [i];
5008 ParameterData pd = TypeManager.GetParameterData (c);
5010 if (pd.Count != arg_count)
5013 if (!TypeManager.InferTypeArguments (ec, Arguments, ref c))
5016 VerifyArgumentsCompat (ec, Arguments, arg_count,
5017 c, false, null, may_fail, loc);
5022 string report_name = me.Name;
5023 if (report_name == ".ctor")
5024 report_name = me.DeclaringType.ToString ();
5026 for (int i = 0; i < methods.Length; ++i) {
5027 MethodBase c = methods [i];
5028 ParameterData pd = TypeManager.GetParameterData (c);
5030 if (pd.Count != arg_count)
5033 if (TypeManager.InferTypeArguments (ec, Arguments, ref c))
5037 411, loc, "The type arguments for " +
5038 "method `{0}' cannot be infered from " +
5039 "the usage. Try specifying the type " +
5040 "arguments explicitly.", report_name);
5044 Error_WrongNumArguments (
5045 loc, report_name, arg_count);
5054 // At this point, applicable_type is _one_ of the most derived types
5055 // in the set of types containing the methods in this MethodGroup.
5056 // Filter the candidates so that they only contain methods from the
5057 // most derived types.
5060 int finalized = 0; // Number of finalized candidates
5063 // Invariant: applicable_type is a most derived type
5065 // We'll try to complete Section 14.5.5.1 for 'applicable_type' by
5066 // eliminating all it's base types. At the same time, we'll also move
5067 // every unrelated type to the end of the array, and pick the next
5068 // 'applicable_type'.
5070 Type next_applicable_type = null;
5071 int j = finalized; // where to put the next finalized candidate
5072 int k = finalized; // where to put the next undiscarded candidate
5073 for (int i = finalized; i < candidate_top; ++i) {
5074 MethodBase candidate = (MethodBase) candidates [i];
5075 Type decl_type = candidate.DeclaringType;
5077 if (decl_type == applicable_type) {
5078 candidates [k++] = candidates [j];
5079 candidates [j++] = candidates [i];
5083 if (IsAncestralType (decl_type, applicable_type))
5086 if (next_applicable_type != null &&
5087 IsAncestralType (decl_type, next_applicable_type))
5090 candidates [k++] = candidates [i];
5092 if (next_applicable_type == null ||
5093 IsAncestralType (next_applicable_type, decl_type))
5094 next_applicable_type = decl_type;
5097 applicable_type = next_applicable_type;
5100 } while (applicable_type != null);
5104 // Now we actually find the best method
5107 method = (MethodBase) candidates [0];
5108 method_params = candidate_to_form != null && candidate_to_form.Contains (method);
5109 for (int ix = 1; ix < candidate_top; ix++){
5110 MethodBase candidate = (MethodBase) candidates [ix];
5112 if (candidate == method)
5115 bool cand_params = candidate_to_form != null && candidate_to_form.Contains (candidate);
5117 if (BetterFunction (ec, Arguments, arg_count,
5118 candidate, cand_params,
5119 method, method_params, loc)) {
5121 method_params = cand_params;
5126 // Now check that there are no ambiguities i.e the selected method
5127 // should be better than all the others
5129 bool ambiguous = false;
5130 for (int ix = 0; ix < candidate_top; ix++){
5131 MethodBase candidate = (MethodBase) candidates [ix];
5133 if (candidate == method)
5136 bool cand_params = candidate_to_form != null && candidate_to_form.Contains (candidate);
5137 if (!BetterFunction (ec, Arguments, arg_count,
5138 method, method_params,
5139 candidate, cand_params,
5141 Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (candidate);
5147 Report.SymbolRelatedToPreviousError (method);
5148 Report.Error (121, loc, "Ambiguous call when selecting function due to implicit casts");
5153 // If the method is a virtual function, pick an override closer to the LHS type.
5155 if (!me.IsBase && method.IsVirtual) {
5156 if (TypeManager.IsOverride (method))
5157 throw new InternalErrorException (
5158 "Should not happen. An 'override' method took part in overload resolution: " + method);
5160 if (candidate_overrides != null)
5161 foreach (MethodBase candidate in candidate_overrides) {
5162 if (IsOverride (candidate, method))
5168 // And now check if the arguments are all
5169 // compatible, perform conversions if
5170 // necessary etc. and return if everything is
5173 if (!VerifyArgumentsCompat (ec, Arguments, arg_count, method,
5174 method_params, null, may_fail, loc))
5177 if (method != null) {
5178 MethodBase the_method = method;
5179 if (the_method.Mono_IsInflatedMethod)
5180 the_method = the_method.GetGenericMethodDefinition ();
5181 IMethodData data = TypeManager.GetMethod (the_method);
5183 data.SetMemberIsUsed ();
5188 static void Error_WrongNumArguments (Location loc, String name, int arg_count)
5190 if (name == "Finalize" && arg_count == 0) {
5191 Report.Error (245, loc, "Destructors and object.Finalize cannot be called directly. Consider calling IDisposable.Dispose if available");
5194 Report.Error (1501, loc,
5195 "No overload for method `" + name + "' takes `" +
5196 arg_count + "' arguments");
5200 static void Error_InvokeOnDelegate (Location loc)
5202 Report.Error (1533, loc,
5203 "Invoke cannot be called directly on a delegate");
5206 static void Error_InvalidArguments (Location loc, int idx, MethodBase method,
5207 Type delegate_type, Argument a, ParameterData expected_par)
5209 if (delegate_type == null)
5210 Report.Error (1502, loc, "The best overloaded match for method '{0}' has some invalid arguments",
5211 TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method));
5213 Report.Error (1594, loc,
5214 "Delegate '" + delegate_type.ToString () +
5215 "' has some invalid arguments.");
5217 string par_desc = expected_par.ParameterDesc (idx);
5219 if (a.Modifier != expected_par.ParameterModifier (idx)) {
5220 if ((expected_par.ParameterModifier (idx) & (Parameter.Modifier.REF | Parameter.Modifier.OUT)) == 0)
5221 Report.Error (1615, loc, "Argument '{0}' should not be passed with the '{1}' keyword",
5222 idx + 1, Parameter.GetModifierSignature (a.Modifier));
5224 Report.Error (1620, loc, "Argument '{0}' must be passed with the '{1}' keyword",
5225 idx + 1, Parameter.GetModifierSignature (expected_par.ParameterModifier (idx)));
5229 Report.Error (1503, loc,
5230 String.Format ("Argument {0}: Cannot convert from '{1}' to '{2}'",
5231 idx + 1, Argument.FullDesc (a), par_desc));
5234 public static bool VerifyArgumentsCompat (EmitContext ec, ArrayList Arguments,
5235 int arg_count, MethodBase method,
5236 bool chose_params_expanded,
5237 Type delegate_type, bool may_fail,
5240 ParameterData pd = TypeManager.GetParameterData (method);
5241 int pd_count = pd.Count;
5243 for (int j = 0; j < arg_count; j++) {
5244 Argument a = (Argument) Arguments [j];
5245 Expression a_expr = a.Expr;
5246 Type parameter_type = pd.ParameterType (j);
5247 Parameter.Modifier pm = pd.ParameterModifier (j);
5249 if (pm == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
5250 if ((pm & ~Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS) != a.Modifier) {
5252 Error_InvalidArguments (
5253 loc, j, method, delegate_type,
5258 if (chose_params_expanded)
5259 parameter_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (parameter_type);
5260 } else if (pm == Parameter.Modifier.ARGLIST){
5266 if (pd.ParameterModifier (j) != a.Modifier){
5268 Error_InvalidArguments (
5269 loc, j, method, delegate_type,
5278 if (!TypeManager.IsEqual (a.Type, parameter_type)){
5281 conv = Convert.ImplicitConversion (ec, a_expr, parameter_type, loc);
5285 Error_InvalidArguments (loc, j, method, delegate_type, a, pd);
5290 // Update the argument with the implicit conversion
5296 if (parameter_type.IsPointer){
5303 Parameter.Modifier a_mod = a.Modifier &
5304 unchecked (~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF));
5305 Parameter.Modifier p_mod = pd.ParameterModifier (j) &
5306 unchecked (~(Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.REF));
5308 if (a_mod != p_mod &&
5309 pd.ParameterModifier (pd_count - 1) != Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS) {
5311 Report.Error (1502, loc,
5312 "The best overloaded match for method '" + FullMethodDesc (method)+
5313 "' has some invalid arguments");
5314 Report.Error (1503, loc,
5315 "Argument " + (j+1) +
5316 ": Cannot convert from '" + Argument.FullDesc (a)
5317 + "' to '" + pd.ParameterDesc (j) + "'");
5327 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
5330 // First, resolve the expression that is used to
5331 // trigger the invocation
5333 SimpleName sn = expr as SimpleName;
5335 expr = sn.GetMethodGroup ();
5337 expr = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.MethodGroup);
5341 if (!(expr is MethodGroupExpr)) {
5342 Type expr_type = expr.Type;
5344 if (expr_type != null){
5345 bool IsDelegate = TypeManager.IsDelegateType (expr_type);
5347 return (new DelegateInvocation (
5348 this.expr, Arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
5352 if (!(expr is MethodGroupExpr)){
5353 expr.Error_UnexpectedKind (ResolveFlags.MethodGroup, loc);
5358 // Next, evaluate all the expressions in the argument list
5360 if (Arguments != null){
5361 foreach (Argument a in Arguments){
5362 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
5367 MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) expr;
5368 method = OverloadResolve (ec, mg, Arguments, false, loc);
5373 MethodInfo mi = method as MethodInfo;
5375 type = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (mi.ReturnType);
5376 Expression iexpr = mg.InstanceExpression;
5378 if (iexpr == null ||
5379 iexpr is This || iexpr is EmptyExpression ||
5380 mg.IdenticalTypeName) {
5381 mg.InstanceExpression = null;
5383 MemberExpr.error176 (loc, mi.Name);
5387 if (iexpr == null || iexpr is EmptyExpression) {
5388 SimpleName.Error_ObjectRefRequired (ec, loc, mi.Name);
5394 if (type.IsPointer){
5402 // Only base will allow this invocation to happen.
5404 if (mg.IsBase && method.IsAbstract){
5405 Report.Error (205, loc, "Cannot call an abstract base member: " +
5406 FullMethodDesc (method));
5410 if (method.Name == "Finalize" && Arguments == null) {
5411 Report.Error (250, loc, "Do not directly call your base class Finalize method. It is called automatically from your destructor");
5415 if ((method.Attributes & MethodAttributes.SpecialName) != 0){
5416 if (TypeManager.LookupDeclSpace (method.DeclaringType) != null || TypeManager.IsSpecialMethod (method)) {
5417 Report.Error (571, loc, TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method) + ": can not call operator or accessor");
5422 if (mg.InstanceExpression != null)
5423 mg.InstanceExpression.CheckMarshallByRefAccess (ec.ContainerType);
5425 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
5430 // Emits the list of arguments as an array
5432 static void EmitParams (EmitContext ec, int idx, ArrayList arguments)
5434 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5435 int count = arguments.Count - idx;
5436 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [idx];
5437 Type t = a.Expr.Type;
5439 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, count);
5440 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (t));
5442 int top = arguments.Count;
5443 for (int j = idx; j < top; j++){
5444 a = (Argument) arguments [j];
5446 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
5447 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, j - idx);
5449 bool is_stobj, has_type_arg;
5450 OpCode op = ArrayAccess.GetStoreOpcode (t, out is_stobj, out has_type_arg);
5452 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, t);
5464 /// Emits a list of resolved Arguments that are in the arguments
5467 /// The MethodBase argument might be null if the
5468 /// emission of the arguments is known not to contain
5469 /// a `params' field (for example in constructors or other routines
5470 /// that keep their arguments in this structure)
5472 /// if `dup_args' is true, a copy of the arguments will be left
5473 /// on the stack. If `dup_args' is true, you can specify `this_arg'
5474 /// which will be duplicated before any other args. Only EmitCall
5475 /// should be using this interface.
5477 public static void EmitArguments (EmitContext ec, MethodBase mb, ArrayList arguments, bool dup_args, LocalTemporary this_arg)
5481 pd = TypeManager.GetParameterData (mb);
5485 LocalTemporary [] temps = null;
5488 temps = new LocalTemporary [arguments.Count];
5491 // If we are calling a params method with no arguments, special case it
5493 if (arguments == null){
5494 if (pd != null && pd.Count > 0 &&
5495 pd.ParameterModifier (0) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
5496 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5498 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, 0);
5499 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, TypeManager.GetElementType (pd.ParameterType (0)));
5505 int top = arguments.Count;
5507 for (int i = 0; i < top; i++){
5508 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [i];
5511 if (pd.ParameterModifier (i) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
5513 // Special case if we are passing the same data as the
5514 // params argument, do not put it in an array.
5516 if (pd.ParameterType (i) == a.Type)
5519 EmitParams (ec, i, arguments);
5526 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
5527 (temps [i] = new LocalTemporary (ec, a.Type)).Store (ec);
5532 if (this_arg != null)
5535 for (int i = 0; i < top; i ++)
5536 temps [i].Emit (ec);
5539 if (pd != null && pd.Count > top &&
5540 pd.ParameterModifier (top) == Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS){
5541 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5543 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, 0);
5544 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, TypeManager.GetElementType (pd.ParameterType (top)));
5548 static Type[] GetVarargsTypes (EmitContext ec, MethodBase mb,
5549 ArrayList arguments)
5551 ParameterData pd = TypeManager.GetParameterData (mb);
5553 if (arguments == null)
5554 return new Type [0];
5556 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [pd.Count - 1];
5557 Arglist list = (Arglist) a.Expr;
5559 return list.ArgumentTypes;
5563 /// This checks the ConditionalAttribute on the method
5565 static bool IsMethodExcluded (MethodBase method, EmitContext ec)
5567 if (method.IsConstructor)
5570 IMethodData md = TypeManager.GetMethod (method);
5572 return md.IsExcluded (ec);
5574 // For some methods (generated by delegate class) GetMethod returns null
5575 // because they are not included in builder_to_method table
5576 if (method.DeclaringType is TypeBuilder)
5579 return AttributeTester.IsConditionalMethodExcluded (method);
5583 /// is_base tells whether we want to force the use of the `call'
5584 /// opcode instead of using callvirt. Call is required to call
5585 /// a specific method, while callvirt will always use the most
5586 /// recent method in the vtable.
5588 /// is_static tells whether this is an invocation on a static method
5590 /// instance_expr is an expression that represents the instance
5591 /// it must be non-null if is_static is false.
5593 /// method is the method to invoke.
5595 /// Arguments is the list of arguments to pass to the method or constructor.
5597 public static void EmitCall (EmitContext ec, bool is_base,
5598 bool is_static, Expression instance_expr,
5599 MethodBase method, ArrayList Arguments, Location loc)
5601 EmitCall (ec, is_base, is_static, instance_expr, method, Arguments, loc, false, false);
5604 // `dup_args' leaves an extra copy of the arguments on the stack
5605 // `omit_args' does not leave any arguments at all.
5606 // So, basically, you could make one call with `dup_args' set to true,
5607 // and then another with `omit_args' set to true, and the two calls
5608 // would have the same set of arguments. However, each argument would
5609 // only have been evaluated once.
5610 public static void EmitCall (EmitContext ec, bool is_base,
5611 bool is_static, Expression instance_expr,
5612 MethodBase method, ArrayList Arguments, Location loc,
5613 bool dup_args, bool omit_args)
5615 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
5616 bool struct_call = false;
5617 bool this_call = false;
5618 LocalTemporary this_arg = null;
5620 Type decl_type = method.DeclaringType;
5622 if (!RootContext.StdLib) {
5623 // Replace any calls to the system's System.Array type with calls to
5624 // the newly created one.
5625 if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_length)
5626 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_length;
5627 else if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_rank)
5628 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_rank;
5629 else if (method == TypeManager.system_object_array_clone)
5630 method = TypeManager.object_array_clone;
5631 else if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_length_int)
5632 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_length_int;
5633 else if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_lower_bound_int)
5634 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_lower_bound_int;
5635 else if (method == TypeManager.system_int_array_get_upper_bound_int)
5636 method = TypeManager.int_array_get_upper_bound_int;
5637 else if (method == TypeManager.system_void_array_copyto_array_int)
5638 method = TypeManager.void_array_copyto_array_int;
5641 if (ec.TestObsoleteMethodUsage) {
5643 // This checks ObsoleteAttribute on the method and on the declaring type
5645 ObsoleteAttribute oa = AttributeTester.GetMethodObsoleteAttribute (method);
5647 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, TypeManager.CSharpSignature (method), loc);
5649 oa = AttributeTester.GetObsoleteAttribute (method.DeclaringType);
5651 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, method.DeclaringType.FullName, loc);
5655 if (IsMethodExcluded (method, ec))
5659 this_call = instance_expr == null;
5660 if (decl_type.IsValueType || (!this_call && instance_expr.Type.IsValueType))
5664 // If this is ourselves, push "this"
5669 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
5672 Type iexpr_type = instance_expr.Type;
5675 // Push the instance expression
5677 if (TypeManager.IsValueType (iexpr_type)) {
5679 // Special case: calls to a function declared in a
5680 // reference-type with a value-type argument need
5681 // to have their value boxed.
5682 if (decl_type.IsValueType ||
5683 iexpr_type.IsGenericParameter) {
5685 // If the expression implements IMemoryLocation, then
5686 // we can optimize and use AddressOf on the
5689 // If not we have to use some temporary storage for
5691 if (instance_expr is IMemoryLocation) {
5692 ((IMemoryLocation)instance_expr).
5693 AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
5695 LocalTemporary temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, iexpr_type);
5696 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5698 temp.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Load);
5701 // avoid the overhead of doing this all the time.
5703 t = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (iexpr_type);
5705 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5706 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Box, instance_expr.Type);
5707 t = TypeManager.object_type;
5710 instance_expr.Emit (ec);
5711 t = instance_expr.Type;
5716 this_arg = new LocalTemporary (ec, t);
5717 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
5718 this_arg.Store (ec);
5724 EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments, dup_args, this_arg);
5726 if ((instance_expr != null) && (instance_expr.Type.IsGenericParameter))
5727 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Constrained, instance_expr.Type);
5730 if (is_static || struct_call || is_base || (this_call && !method.IsVirtual))
5731 call_op = OpCodes.Call;
5733 call_op = OpCodes.Callvirt;
5735 if ((method.CallingConvention & CallingConventions.VarArgs) != 0) {
5736 Type[] varargs_types = GetVarargsTypes (ec, method, Arguments);
5737 ig.EmitCall (call_op, (MethodInfo) method, varargs_types);
5744 // and DoFoo is not virtual, you can omit the callvirt,
5745 // because you don't need the null checking behavior.
5747 if (method is MethodInfo)
5748 ig.Emit (call_op, (MethodInfo) method);
5750 ig.Emit (call_op, (ConstructorInfo) method);
5753 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5755 MethodGroupExpr mg = (MethodGroupExpr) this.expr;
5757 EmitCall (ec, mg.IsBase, method.IsStatic, mg.InstanceExpression, method, Arguments, loc);
5760 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5765 // Pop the return value if there is one
5767 if (method is MethodInfo){
5768 Type ret = ((MethodInfo)method).ReturnType;
5769 if (TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (ret) != TypeManager.void_type)
5770 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
5775 public class InvocationOrCast : ExpressionStatement
5778 Expression argument;
5780 public InvocationOrCast (Expression expr, Expression argument, Location loc)
5783 this.argument = argument;
5787 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
5790 // First try to resolve it as a cast.
5792 TypeExpr te = expr.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec) as TypeExpr;
5793 if ((te != null) && (te.eclass == ExprClass.Type)) {
5794 Cast cast = new Cast (te, argument, loc);
5795 return cast.Resolve (ec);
5799 // This can either be a type or a delegate invocation.
5800 // Let's just resolve it and see what we'll get.
5802 expr = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.Type | ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue);
5807 // Ok, so it's a Cast.
5809 if (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Type) {
5810 Cast cast = new Cast (new TypeExpression (expr.Type, loc), argument, loc);
5811 return cast.Resolve (ec);
5815 // It's a delegate invocation.
5817 if (!TypeManager.IsDelegateType (expr.Type)) {
5818 Error (149, "Method name expected");
5822 ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
5823 args.Add (new Argument (argument, Argument.AType.Expression));
5824 DelegateInvocation invocation = new DelegateInvocation (expr, args, loc);
5825 return invocation.Resolve (ec);
5830 Error (201, "Only assignment, call, increment, decrement and new object " +
5831 "expressions can be used as a statement");
5834 public override ExpressionStatement ResolveStatement (EmitContext ec)
5837 // First try to resolve it as a cast.
5839 TypeExpr te = expr.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec) as TypeExpr;
5840 if ((te != null) && (te.eclass == ExprClass.Type)) {
5846 // This can either be a type or a delegate invocation.
5847 // Let's just resolve it and see what we'll get.
5849 expr = expr.Resolve (ec, ResolveFlags.Type | ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue);
5850 if ((expr == null) || (expr.eclass == ExprClass.Type)) {
5856 // It's a delegate invocation.
5858 if (!TypeManager.IsDelegateType (expr.Type)) {
5859 Error (149, "Method name expected");
5863 ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
5864 args.Add (new Argument (argument, Argument.AType.Expression));
5865 DelegateInvocation invocation = new DelegateInvocation (expr, args, loc);
5866 return invocation.ResolveStatement (ec);
5869 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
5871 throw new Exception ("Cannot happen");
5874 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
5876 throw new Exception ("Cannot happen");
5881 // This class is used to "disable" the code generation for the
5882 // temporary variable when initializing value types.
5884 class EmptyAddressOf : EmptyExpression, IMemoryLocation {
5885 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
5892 /// Implements the new expression
5894 public class New : ExpressionStatement, IMemoryLocation {
5895 public readonly ArrayList Arguments;
5898 // During bootstrap, it contains the RequestedType,
5899 // but if `type' is not null, it *might* contain a NewDelegate
5900 // (because of field multi-initialization)
5902 public Expression RequestedType;
5904 MethodBase method = null;
5907 // If set, the new expression is for a value_target, and
5908 // we will not leave anything on the stack.
5910 Expression value_target;
5911 bool value_target_set = false;
5912 bool is_type_parameter = false;
5914 public New (Expression requested_type, ArrayList arguments, Location l)
5916 RequestedType = requested_type;
5917 Arguments = arguments;
5921 public bool SetValueTypeVariable (Expression value)
5923 value_target = value;
5924 value_target_set = true;
5925 if (!(value_target is IMemoryLocation)){
5926 Error_UnexpectedKind ("variable", loc);
5933 // This function is used to disable the following code sequence for
5934 // value type initialization:
5936 // AddressOf (temporary)
5940 // Instead the provide will have provided us with the address on the
5941 // stack to store the results.
5943 static Expression MyEmptyExpression;
5945 public void DisableTemporaryValueType ()
5947 if (MyEmptyExpression == null)
5948 MyEmptyExpression = new EmptyAddressOf ();
5951 // To enable this, look into:
5952 // test-34 and test-89 and self bootstrapping.
5954 // For instance, we can avoid a copy by using `newobj'
5955 // instead of Call + Push-temp on value types.
5956 // value_target = MyEmptyExpression;
5961 /// Converts complex core type syntax like 'new int ()' to simple constant
5963 Expression Constantify (Type t)
5965 if (t == TypeManager.int32_type)
5966 return new IntConstant (0);
5967 if (t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
5968 return new UIntConstant (0);
5969 if (t == TypeManager.int64_type)
5970 return new LongConstant (0);
5971 if (t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
5972 return new ULongConstant (0);
5973 if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
5974 return new FloatConstant (0);
5975 if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
5976 return new DoubleConstant (0);
5977 if (t == TypeManager.short_type)
5978 return new ShortConstant (0);
5979 if (t == TypeManager.ushort_type)
5980 return new UShortConstant (0);
5981 if (t == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
5982 return new SByteConstant (0);
5983 if (t == TypeManager.byte_type)
5984 return new ByteConstant (0);
5985 if (t == TypeManager.char_type)
5986 return new CharConstant ('\0');
5987 if (t == TypeManager.bool_type)
5988 return new BoolConstant (false);
5989 if (t == TypeManager.decimal_type)
5990 return new DecimalConstant (0);
5995 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
5998 // The New DoResolve might be called twice when initializing field
5999 // expressions (see EmitFieldInitializers, the call to
6000 // GetInitializerExpression will perform a resolve on the expression,
6001 // and later the assign will trigger another resolution
6003 // This leads to bugs (#37014)
6006 if (RequestedType is NewDelegate)
6007 return RequestedType;
6011 TypeExpr texpr = RequestedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec);
6015 if (Arguments == null) {
6016 Expression c = Constantify (type);
6025 CheckObsoleteAttribute (type);
6027 bool IsDelegate = TypeManager.IsDelegateType (type);
6030 RequestedType = (new NewDelegate (type, Arguments, loc)).Resolve (ec);
6031 if (RequestedType != null)
6032 if (!(RequestedType is DelegateCreation))
6033 throw new Exception ("NewDelegate.Resolve returned a non NewDelegate: " + RequestedType.GetType ());
6034 return RequestedType;
6037 if (type.IsGenericParameter) {
6038 GenericConstraints gc = TypeManager.GetTypeParameterConstraints (type);
6040 if ((gc == null) || (!gc.HasConstructorConstraint && !gc.IsValueType)) {
6041 Error (304, String.Format (
6042 "Cannot create an instance of the " +
6043 "variable type '{0}' because it " +
6044 "doesn't have the new() constraint",
6049 if ((Arguments != null) && (Arguments.Count != 0)) {
6050 Error (417, String.Format (
6051 "`{0}': cannot provide arguments " +
6052 "when creating an instance of a " +
6053 "variable type.", type));
6057 is_type_parameter = true;
6058 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6062 if (type.IsAbstract && type.IsSealed) {
6063 Report.Error (712, loc, "Cannot create an instance of the static class '{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type));
6067 if (type.IsInterface || type.IsAbstract){
6068 Error (144, "It is not possible to create instances of interfaces or abstract classes");
6072 bool is_struct = type.IsValueType;
6073 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6076 // SRE returns a match for .ctor () on structs (the object constructor),
6077 // so we have to manually ignore it.
6079 if (is_struct && Arguments == null)
6083 ml = MemberLookupFinal (ec, type, type, ".ctor",
6084 // For member-lookup, treat 'new Foo (bar)' as call to 'foo.ctor (bar)', where 'foo' is of type 'Foo'.
6085 MemberTypes.Constructor,
6086 AllBindingFlags | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly, loc);
6091 if (! (ml is MethodGroupExpr)){
6093 ml.Error_UnexpectedKind ("method group", loc);
6099 if (Arguments != null){
6100 foreach (Argument a in Arguments){
6101 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
6106 method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
6107 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) ml, Arguments, true, loc);
6111 if (method == null) {
6112 if (almostMatchedMembers.Count != 0) {
6113 MemberLookupFailed (ec, type, type, ".ctor", null, true, loc);
6117 if (!is_struct || Arguments.Count > 0) {
6118 Error (1501, String.Format (
6119 "New invocation: Can not find a constructor in `{0}' for this argument list",
6120 TypeManager.CSharpName (type)));
6128 bool DoEmitTypeParameter (EmitContext ec)
6130 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6132 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, type);
6133 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, TypeManager.system_type_get_type_from_handle);
6134 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, TypeManager.activator_create_instance);
6135 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Unbox_Any, type);
6141 // This DoEmit can be invoked in two contexts:
6142 // * As a mechanism that will leave a value on the stack (new object)
6143 // * As one that wont (init struct)
6145 // You can control whether a value is required on the stack by passing
6146 // need_value_on_stack. The code *might* leave a value on the stack
6147 // so it must be popped manually
6149 // If we are dealing with a ValueType, we have a few
6150 // situations to deal with:
6152 // * The target is a ValueType, and we have been provided
6153 // the instance (this is easy, we are being assigned).
6155 // * The target of New is being passed as an argument,
6156 // to a boxing operation or a function that takes a
6159 // In this case, we need to create a temporary variable
6160 // that is the argument of New.
6162 // Returns whether a value is left on the stack
6164 bool DoEmit (EmitContext ec, bool need_value_on_stack)
6166 bool is_value_type = TypeManager.IsValueType (type);
6167 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6172 // Allow DoEmit() to be called multiple times.
6173 // We need to create a new LocalTemporary each time since
6174 // you can't share LocalBuilders among ILGeneators.
6175 if (!value_target_set)
6176 value_target = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
6178 ml = (IMemoryLocation) value_target;
6179 ml.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
6183 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments, false, null);
6187 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
6189 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
6190 if (need_value_on_stack){
6191 value_target.Emit (ec);
6196 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (ConstructorInfo) method);
6201 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6203 if (is_type_parameter)
6204 DoEmitTypeParameter (ec);
6209 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
6211 if (is_type_parameter)
6212 throw new InvalidOperationException ();
6214 if (DoEmit (ec, false))
6215 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Pop);
6218 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp Mode)
6220 if (is_type_parameter)
6221 throw new InvalidOperationException ();
6223 if (!type.IsValueType){
6225 // We throw an exception. So far, I believe we only need to support
6227 // foreach (int j in new StructType ())
6230 throw new Exception ("AddressOf should not be used for classes");
6233 if (!value_target_set)
6234 value_target = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
6236 IMemoryLocation ml = (IMemoryLocation) value_target;
6237 ml.AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.Store);
6239 Invocation.EmitArguments (ec, method, Arguments, false, null);
6242 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Initobj, type);
6244 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
6246 ((IMemoryLocation) value_target).AddressOf (ec, Mode);
6251 /// 14.5.10.2: Represents an array creation expression.
6255 /// There are two possible scenarios here: one is an array creation
6256 /// expression that specifies the dimensions and optionally the
6257 /// initialization data and the other which does not need dimensions
6258 /// specified but where initialization data is mandatory.
6260 public class ArrayCreation : Expression {
6261 Expression requested_base_type;
6262 ArrayList initializers;
6265 // The list of Argument types.
6266 // This is used to construct the `newarray' or constructor signature
6268 ArrayList arguments;
6271 // Method used to create the array object.
6273 MethodBase new_method = null;
6275 Type array_element_type;
6276 Type underlying_type;
6277 bool is_one_dimensional = false;
6278 bool is_builtin_type = false;
6279 bool expect_initializers = false;
6280 int num_arguments = 0;
6284 ArrayList array_data;
6289 // The number of array initializers that we can handle
6290 // via the InitializeArray method - through EmitStaticInitializers
6292 int num_automatic_initializers;
6294 const int max_automatic_initializers = 6;
6296 public ArrayCreation (Expression requested_base_type, ArrayList exprs, string rank, ArrayList initializers, Location l)
6298 this.requested_base_type = requested_base_type;
6299 this.initializers = initializers;
6303 arguments = new ArrayList ();
6305 foreach (Expression e in exprs) {
6306 arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
6311 public ArrayCreation (Expression requested_base_type, string rank, ArrayList initializers, Location l)
6313 this.requested_base_type = requested_base_type;
6314 this.initializers = initializers;
6318 //this.rank = rank.Substring (0, rank.LastIndexOf ('['));
6320 //string tmp = rank.Substring (rank.LastIndexOf ('['));
6322 //dimensions = tmp.Length - 1;
6323 expect_initializers = true;
6326 public Expression FormArrayType (Expression base_type, int idx_count, string rank)
6328 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder (rank);
6331 for (int i = 1; i < idx_count; i++)
6336 return new ComposedCast (base_type, sb.ToString (), loc);
6339 void Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ()
6341 Error (178, "Incorrectly structured array initializer");
6344 public bool CheckIndices (EmitContext ec, ArrayList probe, int idx, bool specified_dims)
6346 if (specified_dims) {
6347 Argument a = (Argument) arguments [idx];
6349 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
6352 if (!(a.Expr is Constant)) {
6353 Error (150, "A constant value is expected");
6357 int value = (int) ((Constant) a.Expr).GetValue ();
6359 if (value != probe.Count) {
6360 Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ();
6364 bounds [idx] = value;
6367 int child_bounds = -1;
6368 for (int i = 0; i < probe.Count; ++i) {
6369 object o = probe [i];
6370 if (o is ArrayList) {
6371 ArrayList sub_probe = o as ArrayList;
6372 int current_bounds = sub_probe.Count;
6374 if (child_bounds == -1)
6375 child_bounds = current_bounds;
6377 else if (child_bounds != current_bounds){
6378 Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ();
6381 if (specified_dims && (idx + 1 >= arguments.Count)){
6382 Error (623, "Array initializers can only be used in a variable or field initializer, try using the new expression");
6386 bool ret = CheckIndices (ec, sub_probe, idx + 1, specified_dims);
6390 if (child_bounds != -1){
6391 Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ();
6395 Expression tmp = (Expression) o;
6396 tmp = tmp.Resolve (ec);
6401 // Console.WriteLine ("I got: " + tmp);
6402 // Handle initialization from vars, fields etc.
6404 Expression conv = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (
6405 ec, tmp, underlying_type, loc);
6410 if (conv is StringConstant || conv is DecimalConstant || conv is NullCast) {
6411 // These are subclasses of Constant that can appear as elements of an
6412 // array that cannot be statically initialized (with num_automatic_initializers
6413 // > max_automatic_initializers), so num_automatic_initializers should be left as zero.
6414 array_data.Add (conv);
6415 } else if (conv is Constant) {
6416 // These are the types of Constant that can appear in arrays that can be
6417 // statically allocated.
6418 array_data.Add (conv);
6419 num_automatic_initializers++;
6421 array_data.Add (conv);
6428 public void UpdateIndices (EmitContext ec)
6431 for (ArrayList probe = initializers; probe != null;) {
6432 if (probe.Count > 0 && probe [0] is ArrayList) {
6433 Expression e = new IntConstant (probe.Count);
6434 arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
6436 bounds [i++] = probe.Count;
6438 probe = (ArrayList) probe [0];
6441 Expression e = new IntConstant (probe.Count);
6442 arguments.Add (new Argument (e, Argument.AType.Expression));
6444 bounds [i++] = probe.Count;
6451 public bool ValidateInitializers (EmitContext ec, Type array_type)
6453 if (initializers == null) {
6454 if (expect_initializers)
6460 if (underlying_type == null)
6464 // We use this to store all the date values in the order in which we
6465 // will need to store them in the byte blob later
6467 array_data = new ArrayList ();
6468 bounds = new Hashtable ();
6472 if (arguments != null) {
6473 ret = CheckIndices (ec, initializers, 0, true);
6476 arguments = new ArrayList ();
6478 ret = CheckIndices (ec, initializers, 0, false);
6485 if (arguments.Count != dimensions) {
6486 Error_IncorrectArrayInitializer ();
6495 // Creates the type of the array
6497 bool LookupType (EmitContext ec)
6499 StringBuilder array_qualifier = new StringBuilder (rank);
6502 // `In the first form allocates an array instace of the type that results
6503 // from deleting each of the individual expression from the expression list'
6505 if (num_arguments > 0) {
6506 array_qualifier.Append ("[");
6507 for (int i = num_arguments-1; i > 0; i--)
6508 array_qualifier.Append (",");
6509 array_qualifier.Append ("]");
6515 TypeExpr array_type_expr;
6516 array_type_expr = new ComposedCast (requested_base_type, array_qualifier.ToString (), loc);
6517 array_type_expr = array_type_expr.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec);
6518 if (array_type_expr == null)
6521 type = array_type_expr.Type;
6523 if (!type.IsArray) {
6524 Error (622, "Can only use array initializer expressions to assign to array types. Try using a new expression instead.");
6527 underlying_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (type);
6528 dimensions = type.GetArrayRank ();
6533 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
6537 if (!LookupType (ec))
6541 // First step is to validate the initializers and fill
6542 // in any missing bits
6544 if (!ValidateInitializers (ec, type))
6547 if (arguments == null)
6550 arg_count = arguments.Count;
6551 foreach (Argument a in arguments){
6552 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
6555 Expression real_arg = ExpressionToArrayArgument (ec, a.Expr, loc);
6556 if (real_arg == null)
6563 array_element_type = TypeManager.GetElementType (type);
6565 if (array_element_type.IsAbstract && array_element_type.IsSealed) {
6566 Report.Error (719, loc, "'{0}': array elements cannot be of static type", TypeManager.CSharpName (array_element_type));
6570 if (arg_count == 1) {
6571 is_one_dimensional = true;
6572 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6576 is_builtin_type = TypeManager.IsBuiltinType (type);
6578 if (is_builtin_type) {
6581 ml = MemberLookup (ec, type, ".ctor", MemberTypes.Constructor,
6582 AllBindingFlags, loc);
6584 if (!(ml is MethodGroupExpr)) {
6585 ml.Error_UnexpectedKind ("method group", loc);
6590 Error (-6, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
6591 "this argument list");
6595 new_method = Invocation.OverloadResolve (
6596 ec, (MethodGroupExpr) ml, arguments, false, loc);
6598 if (new_method == null) {
6599 Error (-6, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
6600 "this argument list");
6604 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6607 ModuleBuilder mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
6608 ArrayList args = new ArrayList ();
6610 if (arguments != null) {
6611 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++)
6612 args.Add (TypeManager.int32_type);
6615 Type [] arg_types = null;
6618 arg_types = new Type [args.Count];
6620 args.CopyTo (arg_types, 0);
6622 new_method = mb.GetArrayMethod (type, ".ctor", CallingConventions.HasThis, null,
6625 if (new_method == null) {
6626 Error (-6, "New invocation: Can not find a constructor for " +
6627 "this argument list");
6631 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
6636 public static byte [] MakeByteBlob (ArrayList array_data, Type underlying_type, Location loc)
6641 int count = array_data.Count;
6643 if (underlying_type.IsEnum)
6644 underlying_type = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (underlying_type);
6646 factor = GetTypeSize (underlying_type);
6648 throw new Exception ("unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + underlying_type);
6650 data = new byte [(count * factor + 4) & ~3];
6653 for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
6654 object v = array_data [i];
6656 if (v is EnumConstant)
6657 v = ((EnumConstant) v).Child;
6659 if (v is Constant && !(v is StringConstant))
6660 v = ((Constant) v).GetValue ();
6666 if (underlying_type == TypeManager.int64_type){
6667 if (!(v is Expression)){
6668 long val = (long) v;
6670 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6671 data [idx + j] = (byte) (val & 0xFF);
6675 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.uint64_type){
6676 if (!(v is Expression)){
6677 ulong val = (ulong) v;
6679 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j) {
6680 data [idx + j] = (byte) (val & 0xFF);
6684 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.float_type) {
6685 if (!(v is Expression)){
6686 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((float) v);
6688 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6689 data [idx + j] = element [j];
6691 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.double_type) {
6692 if (!(v is Expression)){
6693 element = BitConverter.GetBytes ((double) v);
6695 for (int j = 0; j < factor; ++j)
6696 data [idx + j] = element [j];
6698 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.char_type){
6699 if (!(v is Expression)){
6700 int val = (int) ((char) v);
6702 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6703 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6705 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.short_type){
6706 if (!(v is Expression)){
6707 int val = (int) ((short) v);
6709 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6710 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6712 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.ushort_type){
6713 if (!(v is Expression)){
6714 int val = (int) ((ushort) v);
6716 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6717 data [idx+1] = (byte) (val >> 8);
6719 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.int32_type) {
6720 if (!(v is Expression)){
6723 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6724 data [idx+1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
6725 data [idx+2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
6726 data [idx+3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
6728 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.uint32_type) {
6729 if (!(v is Expression)){
6730 uint val = (uint) v;
6732 data [idx] = (byte) (val & 0xff);
6733 data [idx+1] = (byte) ((val >> 8) & 0xff);
6734 data [idx+2] = (byte) ((val >> 16) & 0xff);
6735 data [idx+3] = (byte) (val >> 24);
6737 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.sbyte_type) {
6738 if (!(v is Expression)){
6739 sbyte val = (sbyte) v;
6740 data [idx] = (byte) val;
6742 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.byte_type) {
6743 if (!(v is Expression)){
6744 byte val = (byte) v;
6745 data [idx] = (byte) val;
6747 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.bool_type) {
6748 if (!(v is Expression)){
6749 bool val = (bool) v;
6750 data [idx] = (byte) (val ? 1 : 0);
6752 } else if (underlying_type == TypeManager.decimal_type){
6753 if (!(v is Expression)){
6754 int [] bits = Decimal.GetBits ((decimal) v);
6757 // FIXME: For some reason, this doesn't work on the MS runtime.
6758 int [] nbits = new int [4];
6759 nbits [0] = bits [3];
6760 nbits [1] = bits [2];
6761 nbits [2] = bits [0];
6762 nbits [3] = bits [1];
6764 for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++){
6765 data [p++] = (byte) (nbits [j] & 0xff);
6766 data [p++] = (byte) ((nbits [j] >> 8) & 0xff);
6767 data [p++] = (byte) ((nbits [j] >> 16) & 0xff);
6768 data [p++] = (byte) (nbits [j] >> 24);
6772 throw new Exception ("Unrecognized type in MakeByteBlob: " + underlying_type);
6781 // Emits the initializers for the array
6783 void EmitStaticInitializers (EmitContext ec)
6786 // First, the static data
6789 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6791 byte [] data = MakeByteBlob (array_data, underlying_type, loc);
6793 fb = RootContext.MakeStaticData (data);
6795 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6796 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, fb);
6797 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call,
6798 TypeManager.void_initializearray_array_fieldhandle);
6802 // Emits pieces of the array that can not be computed at compile
6803 // time (variables and string locations).
6805 // This always expect the top value on the stack to be the array
6807 void EmitDynamicInitializers (EmitContext ec)
6809 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6810 int dims = bounds.Count;
6811 int [] current_pos = new int [dims];
6812 int top = array_data.Count;
6814 MethodInfo set = null;
6818 ModuleBuilder mb = null;
6819 mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
6820 args = new Type [dims + 1];
6823 for (j = 0; j < dims; j++)
6824 args [j] = TypeManager.int32_type;
6826 args [j] = array_element_type;
6828 set = mb.GetArrayMethod (
6830 CallingConventions.HasThis | CallingConventions.Standard,
6831 TypeManager.void_type, args);
6834 for (int i = 0; i < top; i++){
6836 Expression e = null;
6838 if (array_data [i] is Expression)
6839 e = (Expression) array_data [i];
6843 // Basically we do this for string literals and
6844 // other non-literal expressions
6846 if (e is EnumConstant){
6847 e = ((EnumConstant) e).Child;
6850 if (e is StringConstant || e is DecimalConstant || !(e is Constant) ||
6851 num_automatic_initializers <= max_automatic_initializers) {
6852 Type etype = e.Type;
6854 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
6856 for (int idx = 0; idx < dims; idx++)
6857 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, current_pos [idx]);
6860 // If we are dealing with a struct, get the
6861 // address of it, so we can store it.
6863 if ((dims == 1) && etype.IsValueType &&
6864 (!TypeManager.IsBuiltinOrEnum (etype) ||
6865 etype == TypeManager.decimal_type)) {
6870 // Let new know that we are providing
6871 // the address where to store the results
6873 n.DisableTemporaryValueType ();
6876 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, etype);
6882 bool is_stobj, has_type_arg;
6883 OpCode op = ArrayAccess.GetStoreOpcode (
6884 etype, out is_stobj,
6887 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, etype);
6888 else if (has_type_arg)
6889 ig.Emit (op, etype);
6893 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, set);
6900 for (int j = dims - 1; j >= 0; j--){
6902 if (current_pos [j] < (int) bounds [j])
6904 current_pos [j] = 0;
6909 void EmitArrayArguments (EmitContext ec)
6911 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6913 foreach (Argument a in arguments) {
6914 Type atype = a.Type;
6917 if (atype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
6918 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U4);
6919 else if (atype == TypeManager.int64_type)
6920 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I4);
6924 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
6926 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
6928 EmitArrayArguments (ec);
6929 if (is_one_dimensional)
6930 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newarr, array_element_type);
6932 if (is_builtin_type)
6933 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (ConstructorInfo) new_method);
6935 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Newobj, (MethodInfo) new_method);
6938 if (initializers != null){
6940 // FIXME: Set this variable correctly.
6942 bool dynamic_initializers = true;
6944 // This will never be true for array types that cannot be statically
6945 // initialized. num_automatic_initializers will always be zero. See
6947 if (num_automatic_initializers > max_automatic_initializers)
6948 EmitStaticInitializers (ec);
6950 if (dynamic_initializers)
6951 EmitDynamicInitializers (ec);
6955 public object EncodeAsAttribute ()
6957 if (!is_one_dimensional){
6958 Report.Error (-211, Location, "attribute can not encode multi-dimensional arrays");
6962 if (array_data == null){
6963 Report.Error (-212, Location, "array should be initialized when passing it to an attribute");
6967 object [] ret = new object [array_data.Count];
6969 foreach (Expression e in array_data){
6972 if (e is NullLiteral)
6975 if (!Attribute.GetAttributeArgumentExpression (e, Location, array_element_type, out v))
6985 /// Represents the `this' construct
6987 public class This : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation, IVariable {
6990 VariableInfo variable_info;
6992 public This (Block block, Location loc)
6998 public This (Location loc)
7003 public VariableInfo VariableInfo {
7004 get { return variable_info; }
7007 public bool VerifyFixed (bool is_expression)
7009 if ((variable_info == null) || (variable_info.LocalInfo == null))
7012 return variable_info.LocalInfo.IsFixed;
7015 public bool ResolveBase (EmitContext ec)
7017 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7019 if (ec.TypeContainer.CurrentType != null)
7020 type = ec.TypeContainer.CurrentType;
7022 type = ec.ContainerType;
7025 Error (26, "Keyword this not valid in static code");
7029 if ((block != null) && (block.ThisVariable != null))
7030 variable_info = block.ThisVariable.VariableInfo;
7032 if (ec.CurrentAnonymousMethod != null)
7038 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7040 if (!ResolveBase (ec))
7043 if ((variable_info != null) && !variable_info.IsAssigned (ec)) {
7044 Error (188, "The this object cannot be used before all " +
7045 "of its fields are assigned to");
7046 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
7050 if (ec.IsFieldInitializer) {
7051 Error (27, "Keyword `this' can't be used outside a constructor, " +
7052 "a method or a property.");
7059 override public Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
7061 if (!ResolveBase (ec))
7064 if (variable_info != null)
7065 variable_info.SetAssigned (ec);
7067 if (ec.TypeContainer is Class){
7068 Error (1604, "Cannot assign to 'this' because it is read-only");
7075 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
7079 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7082 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
7084 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
7086 if (ec.TypeContainer is Struct){
7090 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
7091 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, type);
7093 throw new Exception ("how did you get here");
7097 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7099 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
7102 if (ec.TypeContainer is Struct)
7103 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldobj, type);
7106 public override int GetHashCode()
7108 return block.GetHashCode ();
7111 public override bool Equals (object obj)
7113 This t = obj as This;
7117 return block == t.block;
7120 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
7125 // FIGURE OUT WHY LDARG_S does not work
7127 // consider: struct X { int val; int P { set { val = value; }}}
7129 // Yes, this looks very bad. Look at `NOTAS' for
7131 // ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarga_S, (byte) 0);
7136 /// Represents the `__arglist' construct
7138 public class ArglistAccess : Expression
7140 public ArglistAccess (Location loc)
7145 public bool ResolveBase (EmitContext ec)
7147 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7148 type = TypeManager.runtime_argument_handle_type;
7152 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7154 if (!ResolveBase (ec))
7157 if (ec.IsFieldInitializer || !ec.CurrentBlock.HasVarargs) {
7158 Error (190, "The __arglist construct is valid only within " +
7159 "a variable argument method.");
7166 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7168 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Arglist);
7173 /// Represents the `__arglist (....)' construct
7175 public class Arglist : Expression
7177 public readonly Argument[] Arguments;
7179 public Arglist (Argument[] args, Location l)
7185 public Type[] ArgumentTypes {
7187 Type[] retval = new Type [Arguments.Length];
7188 for (int i = 0; i < Arguments.Length; i++)
7189 retval [i] = Arguments [i].Type;
7194 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7196 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7197 type = TypeManager.runtime_argument_handle_type;
7199 foreach (Argument arg in Arguments) {
7200 if (!arg.Resolve (ec, loc))
7207 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7209 foreach (Argument arg in Arguments)
7215 // This produces the value that renders an instance, used by the iterators code
7217 public class ProxyInstance : Expression, IMemoryLocation {
7218 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7220 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7221 type = ec.ContainerType;
7225 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7227 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
7231 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
7233 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
7238 /// Implements the typeof operator
7240 public class TypeOf : Expression {
7241 public Expression QueriedType;
7242 protected Type typearg;
7244 public TypeOf (Expression queried_type, Location l)
7246 QueriedType = queried_type;
7250 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7252 TypeExpr texpr = QueriedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec);
7256 typearg = texpr.Type;
7258 if (typearg == TypeManager.void_type) {
7259 Error (673, "System.Void cannot be used from C# - " +
7260 "use typeof (void) to get the void type object");
7264 if (typearg.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe){
7268 CheckObsoleteAttribute (typearg);
7270 type = TypeManager.type_type;
7271 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
7275 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7277 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldtoken, typearg);
7278 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, TypeManager.system_type_get_type_from_handle);
7281 public Type TypeArg {
7282 get { return typearg; }
7287 /// Implements the `typeof (void)' operator
7289 public class TypeOfVoid : TypeOf {
7290 public TypeOfVoid (Location l) : base (null, l)
7295 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7297 type = TypeManager.type_type;
7298 typearg = TypeManager.void_type;
7299 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
7305 /// Implements the sizeof expression
7307 public class SizeOf : Expression {
7308 public Expression QueriedType;
7311 public SizeOf (Expression queried_type, Location l)
7313 this.QueriedType = queried_type;
7317 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7319 TypeExpr texpr = QueriedType.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec);
7323 if (texpr is TypeParameterExpr){
7324 ((TypeParameterExpr)texpr).Error_CannotUseAsUnmanagedType (loc);
7328 type_queried = texpr.Type;
7330 int size_of = GetTypeSize (type_queried);
7332 return new IntConstant (size_of);
7336 Report.Error (233, loc, "'{0}' does not have a predefined size, therefore sizeof can only be used in an unsafe context (consider using System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SizeOf)",
7337 TypeManager.CSharpName (type_queried));
7341 CheckObsoleteAttribute (type_queried);
7343 if (!TypeManager.IsUnmanagedType (type_queried)){
7344 Report.Error (208, loc, "Cannot take the size of an unmanaged type (" + TypeManager.CSharpName (type_queried) + ")");
7348 type = TypeManager.int32_type;
7349 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
7353 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7355 int size = GetTypeSize (type_queried);
7358 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, type_queried);
7360 IntConstant.EmitInt (ec.ig, size);
7365 /// Implements the member access expression
7367 public class MemberAccess : Expression {
7368 public string Identifier;
7369 protected Expression expr;
7370 protected TypeArguments args;
7372 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string id, Location l)
7379 public MemberAccess (Expression expr, string id, TypeArguments args,
7381 : this (expr, id, l)
7386 public Expression Expr {
7392 public virtual Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side,
7396 throw new Exception ();
7399 // Resolve the expression with flow analysis turned off, we'll do the definite
7400 // assignment checks later. This is because we don't know yet what the expression
7401 // will resolve to - it may resolve to a FieldExpr and in this case we must do the
7402 // definite assignment check on the actual field and not on the whole struct.
7405 SimpleName original = expr as SimpleName;
7406 expr = expr.Resolve (ec, flags | ResolveFlags.Intermediate | ResolveFlags.DisableFlowAnalysis);
7410 if (expr is Namespace) {
7411 Namespace ns = (Namespace) expr;
7412 string lookup_id = MemberName.MakeName (Identifier, args);
7413 FullNamedExpression retval = ns.Lookup (ec.DeclSpace, lookup_id, loc);
7414 if ((retval != null) && (args != null))
7415 retval = new ConstructedType (retval, args, loc).ResolveAsTypeStep (ec);
7417 Report.Error (234, loc, "The type or namespace name `{0}' could not be found in namespace `{1}'", Identifier, ns.FullName);
7422 // TODO: I mailed Ravi about this, and apparently we can get rid
7423 // of this and put it in the right place.
7425 // Handle enums here when they are in transit.
7426 // Note that we cannot afford to hit MemberLookup in this case because
7427 // it will fail to find any members at all
7431 if (expr is TypeExpr){
7432 expr_type = expr.Type;
7434 if (!ec.DeclSpace.CheckAccessLevel (expr_type)){
7435 Report.Error (122, loc, "'{0}' is inaccessible due to its protection level", expr_type);
7439 if (expr_type == TypeManager.enum_type || expr_type.IsSubclassOf (TypeManager.enum_type)){
7440 Enum en = TypeManager.LookupEnum (expr_type);
7443 object value = en.LookupEnumValue (Identifier, loc);
7446 MemberCore mc = en.GetDefinition (Identifier);
7447 ObsoleteAttribute oa = mc.GetObsoleteAttribute (en);
7449 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, mc.GetSignatureForError (), Location);
7451 oa = en.GetObsoleteAttribute (en);
7453 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, en.GetSignatureForError (), Location);
7456 Constant c = Constantify (value, en.UnderlyingType);
7457 return new EnumConstant (c, expr_type);
7460 CheckObsoleteAttribute (expr_type);
7462 FieldInfo fi = expr_type.GetField (Identifier);
7464 ObsoleteAttribute oa = AttributeTester.GetMemberObsoleteAttribute (fi);
7466 AttributeTester.Report_ObsoleteMessage (oa, TypeManager.GetFullNameSignature (fi), Location);
7471 expr_type = expr.Type;
7473 if (expr_type.IsPointer){
7474 Error (23, "The `.' operator can not be applied to pointer operands (" +
7475 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + ")");
7479 Expression member_lookup;
7480 member_lookup = MemberLookup (
7481 ec, expr_type, expr_type, Identifier, loc);
7482 if ((member_lookup == null) && (args != null)) {
7483 string lookup_id = MemberName.MakeName (Identifier, args);
7484 member_lookup = MemberLookup (
7485 ec, expr_type, expr_type, lookup_id, loc);
7487 if (member_lookup == null) {
7488 MemberLookupFailed (
7489 ec, expr_type, expr_type, Identifier, null, true, loc);
7493 if (member_lookup is TypeExpr) {
7494 if (!(expr is TypeExpr) &&
7495 (original == null || !original.IdenticalNameAndTypeName (ec, expr, loc))) {
7496 Error (572, "Can't reference type `" + Identifier + "' through an expression; try `" +
7497 member_lookup.Type + "' instead");
7501 return member_lookup;
7504 MemberExpr me = (MemberExpr) member_lookup;
7505 member_lookup = me.ResolveMemberAccess (ec, expr, loc, original);
7506 if (member_lookup == null)
7510 MethodGroupExpr mg = member_lookup as MethodGroupExpr;
7512 throw new InternalErrorException ();
7514 return mg.ResolveGeneric (ec, args);
7517 // The following DoResolve/DoResolveLValue will do the definite assignment
7520 if (right_side != null)
7521 member_lookup = member_lookup.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7523 member_lookup = member_lookup.DoResolve (ec);
7525 return member_lookup;
7528 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7530 return DoResolve (ec, null, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type);
7533 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
7535 return DoResolve (ec, right_side, ResolveFlags.VariableOrValue | ResolveFlags.Type);
7538 public override FullNamedExpression ResolveAsTypeStep (EmitContext ec)
7540 return ResolveNamespaceOrType (ec, false);
7543 public FullNamedExpression ResolveNamespaceOrType (EmitContext ec, bool silent)
7545 FullNamedExpression new_expr = expr.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec);
7547 if (new_expr == null)
7550 string lookup_id = MemberName.MakeName (Identifier, args);
7552 if (new_expr is Namespace) {
7553 Namespace ns = (Namespace) new_expr;
7554 FullNamedExpression retval = ns.Lookup (ec.DeclSpace, lookup_id, loc);
7555 if ((retval != null) && (args != null))
7556 retval = new ConstructedType (retval, args, loc).ResolveAsTypeStep (ec);
7557 if (!silent && retval == null)
7558 Report.Error (234, loc, "The type or namespace name `{0}' could not be found in namespace `{1}'", Identifier, ns.FullName);
7562 TypeExpr tnew_expr = new_expr.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec);
7563 if (tnew_expr == null)
7566 Type expr_type = tnew_expr.Type;
7568 if (expr_type.IsPointer){
7569 Error (23, "The `.' operator can not be applied to pointer operands (" +
7570 TypeManager.CSharpName (expr_type) + ")");
7574 Expression member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec, expr_type, expr_type, lookup_id, loc);
7575 if (member_lookup == null) {
7576 int errors = Report.Errors;
7577 MemberLookupFailed (ec, expr_type, expr_type, lookup_id, null, false, loc);
7579 if (!silent && errors == Report.Errors)
7580 Report.Error (234, loc, "The type name `{0}' could not be found in type `{1}'",
7581 lookup_id, new_expr.FullName);
7585 if (!(member_lookup is TypeExpr)) {
7586 Report.Error (118, loc, "'{0}.{1}' denotes a '{2}', where a type was expected",
7587 new_expr.FullName, lookup_id, member_lookup.ExprClassName ());
7591 TypeExpr texpr = member_lookup.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec);
7595 TypeArguments the_args = args;
7596 if (TypeManager.HasGenericArguments (expr_type)) {
7597 Type[] decl_args = TypeManager.GetTypeArguments (expr_type);
7599 TypeArguments new_args = new TypeArguments (loc);
7600 foreach (Type decl in decl_args)
7601 new_args.Add (new TypeExpression (decl, loc));
7604 new_args.Add (args);
7606 the_args = new_args;
7609 if (the_args != null) {
7610 ConstructedType ctype = new ConstructedType (texpr.Type, the_args, loc);
7611 return ctype.ResolveAsTypeStep (ec);
7617 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7619 throw new Exception ("Should not happen");
7622 public override string ToString ()
7624 return expr + "." + MemberName.MakeName (Identifier, args);
7629 /// Implements checked expressions
7631 public class CheckedExpr : Expression {
7633 public Expression Expr;
7635 public CheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
7641 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7643 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
7644 bool last_const_check = ec.ConstantCheckState;
7646 ec.CheckState = true;
7647 ec.ConstantCheckState = true;
7648 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7649 ec.CheckState = last_check;
7650 ec.ConstantCheckState = last_const_check;
7655 if (Expr is Constant)
7658 eclass = Expr.eclass;
7663 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7665 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
7666 bool last_const_check = ec.ConstantCheckState;
7668 ec.CheckState = true;
7669 ec.ConstantCheckState = true;
7671 ec.CheckState = last_check;
7672 ec.ConstantCheckState = last_const_check;
7678 /// Implements the unchecked expression
7680 public class UnCheckedExpr : Expression {
7682 public Expression Expr;
7684 public UnCheckedExpr (Expression e, Location l)
7690 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7692 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
7693 bool last_const_check = ec.ConstantCheckState;
7695 ec.CheckState = false;
7696 ec.ConstantCheckState = false;
7697 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7698 ec.CheckState = last_check;
7699 ec.ConstantCheckState = last_const_check;
7704 if (Expr is Constant)
7707 eclass = Expr.eclass;
7712 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7714 bool last_check = ec.CheckState;
7715 bool last_const_check = ec.ConstantCheckState;
7717 ec.CheckState = false;
7718 ec.ConstantCheckState = false;
7720 ec.CheckState = last_check;
7721 ec.ConstantCheckState = last_const_check;
7727 /// An Element Access expression.
7729 /// During semantic analysis these are transformed into
7730 /// IndexerAccess, ArrayAccess or a PointerArithmetic.
7732 public class ElementAccess : Expression {
7733 public ArrayList Arguments;
7734 public Expression Expr;
7736 public ElementAccess (Expression e, ArrayList e_list, Location l)
7745 Arguments = new ArrayList ();
7746 foreach (Expression tmp in e_list)
7747 Arguments.Add (new Argument (tmp, Argument.AType.Expression));
7751 bool CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
7753 Expr = Expr.Resolve (ec);
7758 if (Arguments == null)
7761 foreach (Argument a in Arguments){
7762 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
7769 Expression MakePointerAccess (EmitContext ec, Type t)
7771 if (t == TypeManager.void_ptr_type){
7772 Error (242, "The array index operation is not valid for void pointers");
7775 if (Arguments.Count != 1){
7776 Error (196, "A pointer must be indexed by a single value");
7781 p = new PointerArithmetic (true, Expr, ((Argument)Arguments [0]).Expr, t, loc).Resolve (ec);
7784 return new Indirection (p, loc).Resolve (ec);
7787 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7789 if (!CommonResolve (ec))
7793 // We perform some simple tests, and then to "split" the emit and store
7794 // code we create an instance of a different class, and return that.
7796 // I am experimenting with this pattern.
7800 if (t == TypeManager.array_type){
7801 Report.Error (21, loc, "Cannot use indexer on System.Array");
7806 return (new ArrayAccess (this, loc)).Resolve (ec);
7808 return MakePointerAccess (ec, Expr.Type);
7810 FieldExpr fe = Expr as FieldExpr;
7812 IFixedBuffer ff = AttributeTester.GetFixedBuffer (fe.FieldInfo);
7814 return MakePointerAccess (ec, ff.ElementType);
7817 return (new IndexerAccess (this, loc)).Resolve (ec);
7820 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
7822 if (!CommonResolve (ec))
7827 return (new ArrayAccess (this, loc)).ResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7830 return MakePointerAccess (ec, Expr.Type);
7832 FieldExpr fe = Expr as FieldExpr;
7834 IFixedBuffer ff = AttributeTester.GetFixedBuffer (fe.FieldInfo);
7836 if (!(fe.InstanceExpression is LocalVariableReference) &&
7837 !(fe.InstanceExpression is This)) {
7838 Error (1708, "Fixed buffers can only be accessed through locals or fields");
7841 // TODO: not sure whether it is correct
7842 // if (!ec.InFixedInitializer) {
7843 // Error (1666, "You cannot use fixed sized buffers contained in unfixed expressions. Try using the fixed statement");
7846 return MakePointerAccess (ec, ff.ElementType);
7849 return (new IndexerAccess (this, loc)).ResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
7852 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
7854 throw new Exception ("Should never be reached");
7859 /// Implements array access
7861 public class ArrayAccess : Expression, IAssignMethod, IMemoryLocation {
7863 // Points to our "data" repository
7867 LocalTemporary temp;
7870 public ArrayAccess (ElementAccess ea_data, Location l)
7873 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7877 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
7879 return DoResolve (ec);
7882 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
7885 ExprClass eclass = ea.Expr.eclass;
7887 // As long as the type is valid
7888 if (!(eclass == ExprClass.Variable || eclass == ExprClass.PropertyAccess ||
7889 eclass == ExprClass.Value)) {
7890 ea.Expr.Error_UnexpectedKind ("variable or value");
7895 Type t = ea.Expr.Type;
7896 if (t.GetArrayRank () != ea.Arguments.Count){
7898 "Incorrect number of indexes for array " +
7899 " expected: " + t.GetArrayRank () + " got: " +
7900 ea.Arguments.Count);
7904 type = TypeManager.GetElementType (t);
7905 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe){
7906 UnsafeError (ea.Location);
7910 foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments){
7911 Type argtype = a.Type;
7913 if (argtype == TypeManager.int32_type ||
7914 argtype == TypeManager.uint32_type ||
7915 argtype == TypeManager.int64_type ||
7916 argtype == TypeManager.uint64_type) {
7917 Constant c = a.Expr as Constant;
7918 if (c != null && c.IsNegative) {
7919 Report.Warning (251, 2, a.Expr.Location, "Indexing an array with a negative index (array indices always start at zero)");
7925 // Mhm. This is strage, because the Argument.Type is not the same as
7926 // Argument.Expr.Type: the value changes depending on the ref/out setting.
7928 // Wonder if I will run into trouble for this.
7930 a.Expr = ExpressionToArrayArgument (ec, a.Expr, ea.Location);
7935 eclass = ExprClass.Variable;
7941 /// Emits the right opcode to load an object of Type `t'
7942 /// from an array of T
7944 static public void EmitLoadOpcode (ILGenerator ig, Type type)
7946 if (type == TypeManager.byte_type || type == TypeManager.bool_type)
7947 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U1);
7948 else if (type == TypeManager.sbyte_type)
7949 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I1);
7950 else if (type == TypeManager.short_type)
7951 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I2);
7952 else if (type == TypeManager.ushort_type || type == TypeManager.char_type)
7953 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U2);
7954 else if (type == TypeManager.int32_type)
7955 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I4);
7956 else if (type == TypeManager.uint32_type)
7957 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_U4);
7958 else if (type == TypeManager.uint64_type)
7959 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I8);
7960 else if (type == TypeManager.int64_type)
7961 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I8);
7962 else if (type == TypeManager.float_type)
7963 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_R4);
7964 else if (type == TypeManager.double_type)
7965 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_R8);
7966 else if (type == TypeManager.intptr_type)
7967 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_I);
7968 else if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (type)){
7969 EmitLoadOpcode (ig, TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (type));
7970 } else if (type.IsValueType){
7971 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, type);
7972 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldobj, type);
7973 } else if (type.IsGenericParameter)
7974 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_Any, type);
7976 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelem_Ref);
7980 /// Returns the right opcode to store an object of Type `t'
7981 /// from an array of T.
7983 static public OpCode GetStoreOpcode (Type t, out bool is_stobj, out bool has_type_arg)
7985 //Console.WriteLine (new System.Diagnostics.StackTrace ());
7986 has_type_arg = false; is_stobj = false;
7987 t = TypeManager.TypeToCoreType (t);
7988 if (TypeManager.IsEnumType (t))
7989 t = TypeManager.EnumToUnderlying (t);
7990 if (t == TypeManager.byte_type || t == TypeManager.sbyte_type ||
7991 t == TypeManager.bool_type)
7992 return OpCodes.Stelem_I1;
7993 else if (t == TypeManager.short_type || t == TypeManager.ushort_type ||
7994 t == TypeManager.char_type)
7995 return OpCodes.Stelem_I2;
7996 else if (t == TypeManager.int32_type || t == TypeManager.uint32_type)
7997 return OpCodes.Stelem_I4;
7998 else if (t == TypeManager.int64_type || t == TypeManager.uint64_type)
7999 return OpCodes.Stelem_I8;
8000 else if (t == TypeManager.float_type)
8001 return OpCodes.Stelem_R4;
8002 else if (t == TypeManager.double_type)
8003 return OpCodes.Stelem_R8;
8004 else if (t == TypeManager.intptr_type) {
8005 has_type_arg = true;
8007 return OpCodes.Stobj;
8008 } else if (t.IsValueType) {
8009 has_type_arg = true;
8011 return OpCodes.Stobj;
8012 } else if (t.IsGenericParameter) {
8013 has_type_arg = true;
8014 return OpCodes.Stelem_Any;
8016 return OpCodes.Stelem_Ref;
8019 MethodInfo FetchGetMethod ()
8021 ModuleBuilder mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
8022 int arg_count = ea.Arguments.Count;
8023 Type [] args = new Type [arg_count];
8026 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++){
8027 //args [i++] = a.Type;
8028 args [i] = TypeManager.int32_type;
8031 get = mb.GetArrayMethod (
8032 ea.Expr.Type, "Get",
8033 CallingConventions.HasThis |
8034 CallingConventions.Standard,
8040 MethodInfo FetchAddressMethod ()
8042 ModuleBuilder mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
8043 int arg_count = ea.Arguments.Count;
8044 Type [] args = new Type [arg_count];
8048 ret_type = TypeManager.GetReferenceType (type);
8050 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++){
8051 //args [i++] = a.Type;
8052 args [i] = TypeManager.int32_type;
8055 address = mb.GetArrayMethod (
8056 ea.Expr.Type, "Address",
8057 CallingConventions.HasThis |
8058 CallingConventions.Standard,
8065 // Load the array arguments into the stack.
8067 // If we have been requested to cache the values (cached_locations array
8068 // initialized), then load the arguments the first time and store them
8069 // in locals. otherwise load from local variables.
8071 void LoadArrayAndArguments (EmitContext ec)
8073 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8076 foreach (Argument a in ea.Arguments){
8077 Type argtype = a.Expr.Type;
8081 if (argtype == TypeManager.int64_type)
8082 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I);
8083 else if (argtype == TypeManager.uint64_type)
8084 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I_Un);
8088 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
8090 int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
8091 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8094 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
8097 EmitLoadOpcode (ig, type);
8101 method = FetchGetMethod ();
8102 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, method);
8105 LoadFromPtr (ec.ig, this.type);
8108 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8109 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, this.type);
8114 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8119 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
8121 int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
8122 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8123 Type t = source.Type;
8124 prepared = prepare_for_load;
8126 if (prepare_for_load) {
8127 AddressOf (ec, AddressOp.LoadStore);
8128 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8131 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8132 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, this.type);
8135 StoreFromPtr (ec.ig, t);
8143 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
8146 bool is_stobj, has_type_arg;
8147 OpCode op = GetStoreOpcode (t, out is_stobj, out has_type_arg);
8150 // The stobj opcode used by value types will need
8151 // an address on the stack, not really an array/array
8155 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, t);
8159 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8160 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, this.type);
8165 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stobj, t);
8166 else if (has_type_arg)
8171 ModuleBuilder mb = CodeGen.Module.Builder;
8172 int arg_count = ea.Arguments.Count;
8173 Type [] args = new Type [arg_count + 1];
8178 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8179 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, this.type);
8183 for (int i = 0; i < arg_count; i++){
8184 //args [i++] = a.Type;
8185 args [i] = TypeManager.int32_type;
8188 args [arg_count] = type;
8190 set = mb.GetArrayMethod (
8191 ea.Expr.Type, "Set",
8192 CallingConventions.HasThis |
8193 CallingConventions.Standard,
8194 TypeManager.void_type, args);
8196 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, set);
8203 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
8205 int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
8206 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8208 LoadArrayAndArguments (ec);
8211 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, type);
8213 MethodInfo address = FetchAddressMethod ();
8214 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, address);
8218 public void EmitGetLength (EmitContext ec, int dim)
8220 int rank = ea.Expr.Type.GetArrayRank ();
8221 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8225 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldlen);
8226 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I4);
8228 IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, dim);
8229 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Callvirt, TypeManager.int_getlength_int);
8235 public ArrayList Properties;
8236 static Hashtable map;
8238 public struct Indexer {
8239 public readonly Type Type;
8240 public readonly MethodInfo Getter, Setter;
8242 public Indexer (Type type, MethodInfo get, MethodInfo set)
8252 map = new Hashtable ();
8257 Properties = new ArrayList ();
8260 void Append (MemberInfo [] mi)
8262 foreach (PropertyInfo property in mi){
8263 MethodInfo get, set;
8265 get = property.GetGetMethod (true);
8266 set = property.GetSetMethod (true);
8267 Properties.Add (new Indexer (property.PropertyType, get, set));
8271 static private MemberInfo [] GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (Type caller_type, Type lookup_type)
8273 string p_name = TypeManager.IndexerPropertyName (lookup_type);
8275 MemberInfo [] mi = TypeManager.MemberLookup (
8276 caller_type, caller_type, lookup_type, MemberTypes.Property,
8277 BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance |
8278 BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly, p_name, null);
8280 if (mi == null || mi.Length == 0)
8286 static public Indexers GetIndexersForType (Type caller_type, Type lookup_type, Location loc)
8288 Indexers ix = (Indexers) map [lookup_type];
8293 Type copy = lookup_type;
8294 while (copy != TypeManager.object_type && copy != null){
8295 MemberInfo [] mi = GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (caller_type, copy);
8299 ix = new Indexers ();
8304 copy = copy.BaseType;
8307 if (!lookup_type.IsInterface)
8310 Type [] ifaces = TypeManager.GetInterfaces (lookup_type);
8311 if (ifaces != null) {
8312 foreach (Type itype in ifaces) {
8313 MemberInfo [] mi = GetIndexersForTypeOrInterface (caller_type, itype);
8316 ix = new Indexers ();
8328 /// Expressions that represent an indexer call.
8330 public class IndexerAccess : Expression, IAssignMethod {
8332 // Points to our "data" repository
8334 MethodInfo get, set;
8335 ArrayList set_arguments;
8336 bool is_base_indexer;
8338 protected Type indexer_type;
8339 protected Type current_type;
8340 protected Expression instance_expr;
8341 protected ArrayList arguments;
8343 public IndexerAccess (ElementAccess ea, Location loc)
8344 : this (ea.Expr, false, loc)
8346 this.arguments = ea.Arguments;
8349 protected IndexerAccess (Expression instance_expr, bool is_base_indexer,
8352 this.instance_expr = instance_expr;
8353 this.is_base_indexer = is_base_indexer;
8354 this.eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8358 protected virtual bool CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
8360 indexer_type = instance_expr.Type;
8361 current_type = ec.ContainerType;
8366 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8368 ArrayList AllGetters = new ArrayList();
8369 if (!CommonResolve (ec))
8373 // Step 1: Query for all `Item' *properties*. Notice
8374 // that the actual methods are pointed from here.
8376 // This is a group of properties, piles of them.
8378 bool found_any = false, found_any_getters = false;
8379 Type lookup_type = indexer_type;
8382 ilist = Indexers.GetIndexersForType (current_type, lookup_type, loc);
8383 if (ilist != null) {
8385 if (ilist.Properties != null) {
8386 foreach (Indexers.Indexer ix in ilist.Properties) {
8387 if (ix.Getter != null)
8388 AllGetters.Add(ix.Getter);
8393 if (AllGetters.Count > 0) {
8394 found_any_getters = true;
8395 get = (MethodInfo) Invocation.OverloadResolve (
8396 ec, new MethodGroupExpr (AllGetters, loc),
8397 arguments, false, loc);
8401 Report.Error (21, loc,
8402 "Type `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (indexer_type) +
8403 "' does not have any indexers defined");
8407 if (!found_any_getters) {
8408 Error (154, "indexer can not be used in this context, because " +
8409 "it lacks a `get' accessor");
8414 Error (1501, "No Overload for method `this' takes `" +
8415 arguments.Count + "' arguments");
8420 // Only base will allow this invocation to happen.
8422 if (get.IsAbstract && this is BaseIndexerAccess){
8423 Report.Error (205, loc, "Cannot call an abstract base indexer: " + Invocation.FullMethodDesc (get));
8427 type = get.ReturnType;
8428 if (type.IsPointer && !ec.InUnsafe){
8433 instance_expr.CheckMarshallByRefAccess (ec.ContainerType);
8435 eclass = ExprClass.IndexerAccess;
8439 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
8441 ArrayList AllSetters = new ArrayList();
8442 if (!CommonResolve (ec))
8445 bool found_any = false, found_any_setters = false;
8447 Indexers ilist = Indexers.GetIndexersForType (current_type, indexer_type, loc);
8448 if (ilist != null) {
8450 if (ilist.Properties != null) {
8451 foreach (Indexers.Indexer ix in ilist.Properties) {
8452 if (ix.Setter != null)
8453 AllSetters.Add(ix.Setter);
8457 if (AllSetters.Count > 0) {
8458 found_any_setters = true;
8459 set_arguments = (ArrayList) arguments.Clone ();
8460 set_arguments.Add (new Argument (right_side, Argument.AType.Expression));
8461 set = (MethodInfo) Invocation.OverloadResolve (
8462 ec, new MethodGroupExpr (AllSetters, loc),
8463 set_arguments, false, loc);
8467 Report.Error (21, loc,
8468 "Type `" + TypeManager.CSharpName (indexer_type) +
8469 "' does not have any indexers defined");
8473 if (!found_any_setters) {
8474 Error (154, "indexer can not be used in this context, because " +
8475 "it lacks a `set' accessor");
8480 Error (1501, "No Overload for method `this' takes `" +
8481 arguments.Count + "' arguments");
8486 // Only base will allow this invocation to happen.
8488 if (set.IsAbstract && this is BaseIndexerAccess){
8489 Report.Error (205, loc, "Cannot call an abstract base indexer: " + Invocation.FullMethodDesc (set));
8494 // Now look for the actual match in the list of indexers to set our "return" type
8496 type = TypeManager.void_type; // default value
8497 foreach (Indexers.Indexer ix in ilist.Properties){
8498 if (ix.Setter == set){
8504 instance_expr.CheckMarshallByRefAccess (ec.ContainerType);
8506 eclass = ExprClass.IndexerAccess;
8510 bool prepared = false;
8511 LocalTemporary temp;
8513 public void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool leave_copy)
8515 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, is_base_indexer, false, instance_expr, get, arguments, loc, prepared, false);
8517 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8518 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, Type);
8524 // source is ignored, because we already have a copy of it from the
8525 // LValue resolution and we have already constructed a pre-cached
8526 // version of the arguments (ea.set_arguments);
8528 public void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source, bool leave_copy, bool prepare_for_load)
8530 prepared = prepare_for_load;
8531 Argument a = (Argument) set_arguments [set_arguments.Count - 1];
8536 ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Dup);
8537 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, Type);
8540 } else if (leave_copy) {
8541 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, Type);
8547 Invocation.EmitCall (ec, is_base_indexer, false, instance_expr, set, set_arguments, loc, false, prepared);
8554 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8561 /// The base operator for method names
8563 public class BaseAccess : Expression {
8566 public BaseAccess (string member, Location l)
8568 this.member = member;
8572 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8574 Expression c = CommonResolve (ec);
8580 // MethodGroups use this opportunity to flag an error on lacking ()
8582 if (!(c is MethodGroupExpr))
8583 return c.Resolve (ec);
8587 public override Expression DoResolveLValue (EmitContext ec, Expression right_side)
8589 Expression c = CommonResolve (ec);
8595 // MethodGroups use this opportunity to flag an error on lacking ()
8597 if (! (c is MethodGroupExpr))
8598 return c.DoResolveLValue (ec, right_side);
8603 Expression CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
8605 Expression member_lookup;
8606 Type current_type = ec.ContainerType;
8607 Type base_type = current_type.BaseType;
8610 Error (1511, "Keyword base is not allowed in static method");
8614 if (ec.IsFieldInitializer){
8615 Error (1512, "Keyword base is not available in the current context");
8619 member_lookup = MemberLookup (ec, ec.ContainerType, null, base_type,
8620 member, AllMemberTypes, AllBindingFlags,
8622 if (member_lookup == null) {
8623 MemberLookupFailed (ec, base_type, base_type, member, null, true, loc);
8630 left = new TypeExpression (base_type, loc);
8632 left = ec.GetThis (loc);
8634 MemberExpr me = (MemberExpr) member_lookup;
8636 Expression e = me.ResolveMemberAccess (ec, left, loc, null);
8638 if (e is PropertyExpr) {
8639 PropertyExpr pe = (PropertyExpr) e;
8644 if (e is MethodGroupExpr)
8645 ((MethodGroupExpr) e).IsBase = true;
8650 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8652 throw new Exception ("Should never be called");
8657 /// The base indexer operator
8659 public class BaseIndexerAccess : IndexerAccess {
8660 public BaseIndexerAccess (ArrayList args, Location loc)
8661 : base (null, true, loc)
8663 arguments = new ArrayList ();
8664 foreach (Expression tmp in args)
8665 arguments.Add (new Argument (tmp, Argument.AType.Expression));
8668 protected override bool CommonResolve (EmitContext ec)
8670 instance_expr = ec.GetThis (loc);
8672 current_type = ec.ContainerType.BaseType;
8673 indexer_type = current_type;
8675 foreach (Argument a in arguments){
8676 if (!a.Resolve (ec, loc))
8685 /// This class exists solely to pass the Type around and to be a dummy
8686 /// that can be passed to the conversion functions (this is used by
8687 /// foreach implementation to typecast the object return value from
8688 /// get_Current into the proper type. All code has been generated and
8689 /// we only care about the side effect conversions to be performed
8691 /// This is also now used as a placeholder where a no-action expression
8692 /// is needed (the `New' class).
8694 public class EmptyExpression : Expression {
8695 public static readonly EmptyExpression Null = new EmptyExpression ();
8697 // TODO: should be protected
8698 public EmptyExpression ()
8700 type = TypeManager.object_type;
8701 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8702 loc = Location.Null;
8705 public EmptyExpression (Type t)
8708 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8709 loc = Location.Null;
8712 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8717 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8719 // nothing, as we only exist to not do anything.
8723 // This is just because we might want to reuse this bad boy
8724 // instead of creating gazillions of EmptyExpressions.
8725 // (CanImplicitConversion uses it)
8727 public void SetType (Type t)
8733 public class UserCast : Expression {
8737 public UserCast (MethodInfo method, Expression source, Location l)
8739 this.method = method;
8740 this.source = source;
8741 type = method.ReturnType;
8742 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8746 public Expression Source {
8752 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8755 // We are born fully resolved
8760 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8762 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8766 if (method is MethodInfo)
8767 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (MethodInfo) method);
8769 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, (ConstructorInfo) method);
8775 // This class is used to "construct" the type during a typecast
8776 // operation. Since the Type.GetType class in .NET can parse
8777 // the type specification, we just use this to construct the type
8778 // one bit at a time.
8780 public class ComposedCast : TypeExpr {
8784 public ComposedCast (Expression left, string dim, Location l)
8791 public Expression RemoveNullable ()
8793 if (dim.EndsWith ("?")) {
8794 dim = dim.Substring (0, dim.Length - 1);
8802 protected override TypeExpr DoResolveAsTypeStep (EmitContext ec)
8804 TypeExpr lexpr = left.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec);
8808 Type ltype = lexpr.Type;
8810 if ((ltype == TypeManager.void_type) && (dim != "*")) {
8811 Report.Error (1547, Location,
8812 "Keyword 'void' cannot be used in this context");
8816 if ((dim.Length > 0) && (dim [0] == '?')) {
8817 TypeExpr nullable = new NullableType (left, loc);
8819 nullable = new ComposedCast (nullable, dim.Substring (1), loc);
8820 return nullable.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec);
8823 if (dim == "*" && !TypeManager.IsUnmanagedType (ltype)) {
8824 Report.Error (208, loc, "Cannot declare a pointer to a managed type ('{0}')", ltype);
8829 type = TypeManager.GetConstructedType (ltype, dim);
8834 throw new InternalErrorException ("Couldn't create computed type " + ltype + dim);
8837 if (!ec.InUnsafe && type.IsPointer){
8842 if (type.IsArray && (type.GetElementType () == TypeManager.arg_iterator_type ||
8843 type.GetElementType () == TypeManager.typed_reference_type)) {
8844 Report.Error (611, loc, "Array elements cannot be of type '{0}'", TypeManager.CSharpName (type.GetElementType ()));
8848 eclass = ExprClass.Type;
8852 public override string Name {
8858 public override string FullName {
8860 return type.FullName;
8865 public class FixedBufferPtr: Expression {
8868 public FixedBufferPtr (Expression array, Type array_type, Location l)
8873 type = TypeManager.GetPointerType (array_type);
8874 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8877 public override void Emit(EmitContext ec)
8882 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8885 // We are born fully resolved
8893 // This class is used to represent the address of an array, used
8894 // only by the Fixed statement, this generates "&a [0]" construct
8895 // for fixed (char *pa = a)
8897 public class ArrayPtr : FixedBufferPtr {
8900 public ArrayPtr (Expression array, Type array_type, Location l):
8901 base (array, array_type, l)
8903 this.array_type = array_type;
8906 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8910 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8911 IntLiteral.EmitInt (ig, 0);
8912 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldelema, array_type);
8917 // Used by the fixed statement
8919 public class StringPtr : Expression {
8922 public StringPtr (LocalBuilder b, Location l)
8925 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
8926 type = TypeManager.char_ptr_type;
8930 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8932 // This should never be invoked, we are born in fully
8933 // initialized state.
8938 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
8940 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
8942 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, b);
8943 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Conv_I);
8944 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Call, TypeManager.int_get_offset_to_string_data);
8945 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Add);
8950 // Implements the `stackalloc' keyword
8952 public class StackAlloc : Expression {
8957 public StackAlloc (Expression type, Expression count, Location l)
8964 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
8966 count = count.Resolve (ec);
8970 if (count.Type != TypeManager.int32_type){
8971 count = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, count, TypeManager.int32_type, loc);
8976 Constant c = count as Constant;
8977 if (c != null && c.IsNegative) {
8978 Report.Error (247, loc, "Cannot use a negative size with stackalloc");
8982 if (ec.InCatch || ec.InFinally) {
8984 "stackalloc can not be used in a catch or finally block");
8988 TypeExpr texpr = t.ResolveAsTypeTerminal (ec);
8994 if (!TypeManager.VerifyUnManaged (otype, loc))
8997 type = TypeManager.GetPointerType (otype);
8998 eclass = ExprClass.Value;
9003 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
9005 int size = GetTypeSize (otype);
9006 ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
9009 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Sizeof, otype);
9011 IntConstant.EmitInt (ig, size);
9013 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Mul);
9014 ig.Emit (OpCodes.Localloc);