mcs/gmcs/cs-parser.jay

   1 %{
   2 //
   3 // cs-parser.jay: The Parser for the C# compiler
   4 //
   5 // Authors: Miguel de Icaza (miguel@gnu.org)
   6 //          Ravi Pratap     (ravi@ximian.com)
   7 //
   8 // Licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL
   9 //
  10 // (C) 2001 Ximian, Inc (http://www.ximian.com)
  11 // (C) 2004 Novell, Inc
  12 //
  13 // TODO:
  14 //   (1) Figure out why error productions dont work.  `type-declaration' is a
  15 //       great spot to put an `error' because you can reproduce it with this input:
  16 //       "public X { }"
  17 //
  18 // Possible optimization:
  19 //   Run memory profiler with parsing only, and consider dropping
  20 //   arraylists where not needed.   Some pieces can use linked lists.
  21 //
  22 using System.Text;
  23 using System.IO;
  24 using System;
  25
  26 namespace Mono.CSharp
  27 {
  28         using System.Collections;
  29
  30         /// <summary>
  31         ///    The C# Parser
  32         /// </summary>
  33         public class CSharpParser {
  34                 NamespaceEntry  current_namespace;
  35                 TypeContainer   current_container;
  36                 TypeContainer   current_class;
  37
  38                 IIteratorContainer iterator_container;
  39
  40                 /// <summary>
  41                 ///   Current block is used to add statements as we find
  42                 ///   them.
  43                 /// </summary>
  44                 Block      current_block, top_current_block;
  45
  46                 Delegate   current_delegate;
  47
  48                 /// <summary>
  49                 ///   This is used by the unary_expression code to resolve
  50                 ///   a name against a parameter.
  51                 /// </summary>
  52                 Parameters current_local_parameters;
  53
  54                 /// <summary>
  55                 ///   Using during property parsing to describe the implicit
  56                 ///   value parameter that is passed to the "set" and "get"accesor
  57                 ///   methods (properties and indexers).
  58                 /// </summary>
  59                 Expression implicit_value_parameter_type;
  60                 Parameters indexer_parameters;
  61
  62                 /// <summary>
  63                 ///   Used to determine if we are parsing the get/set pair
  64                 ///   of an indexer or a property
  65                 /// </summmary>
  66                 bool  parsing_indexer;
  67
  68                 ///
  69                 /// An out-of-band stack.
  70                 ///
  71                 Stack oob_stack;
  72
  73                 ///
  74                 /// Switch stack.
  75                 ///
  76                 Stack switch_stack;
  77
  78                 static public int yacc_verbose_flag;
  79
  80                 // Name of the file we are parsing
  81                 public string name;
  82
  83                 ///
  84                 /// The current file.
  85                 ///
  86                 SourceFile file;
  87
  88                 ///
  89                 /// Temporary Xml documentation cache.
  90                 /// For enum types, we need one more temporary store.
  91                 ///
  92                 string tmpComment;
  93                 string enumTypeComment;
  94
  95                 /// Current attribute target
  96                 string current_attr_target;
  97
  98                 /// assembly and module attribute definition is enabled
  99                 bool global_attrs_enabled = true;
 100 %}
 101
 102 %token EOF
 103 %token NONE   /* This token is never returned by our lexer */
 104 %token ERROR            // This is used not by the parser, but by the tokenizer.
 105                         // do not remove.
 106
 107 /*
 108  *These are the C# keywords
 109  */
 110 %token FIRST_KEYWORD
 111 %token ABSTRACT
 112 %token AS
 113 %token ADD
 114 %token ASSEMBLY
 115 %token BASE
 116 %token BOOL
 117 %token BREAK
 118 %token BYTE
 119 %token CASE
 120 %token CATCH
 121 %token CHAR
 122 %token CHECKED
 123 %token CLASS
 124 %token CONST
 125 %token CONTINUE
 126 %token DECIMAL
 127 %token DEFAULT
 128 %token DELEGATE
 129 %token DO
 130 %token DOUBLE
 131 %token ELSE
 132 %token ENUM
 133 %token EVENT
 134 %token EXPLICIT
 135 %token EXTERN
 136 %token FALSE
 137 %token FINALLY
 138 %token FIXED
 139 %token FLOAT
 140 %token FOR
 141 %token FOREACH
 142 %token GOTO
 143 %token IF
 144 %token IMPLICIT
 145 %token IN
 146 %token INT
 147 %token INTERFACE
 148 %token INTERNAL
 149 %token IS
 150 %token LOCK
 151 %token LONG
 152 %token NAMESPACE
 153 %token NEW
 154 %token NULL
 155 %token OBJECT
 156 %token OPERATOR
 157 %token OUT
 158 %token OVERRIDE
 159 %token PARAMS
 160 %token PRIVATE
 161 %token PROTECTED
 162 %token PUBLIC
 163 %token READONLY
 164 %token REF
 165 %token RETURN
 166 %token REMOVE
 167 %token SBYTE
 168 %token SEALED
 169 %token SHORT
 170 %token SIZEOF
 171 %token STACKALLOC
 172 %token STATIC
 173 %token STRING
 174 %token STRUCT
 175 %token SWITCH
 176 %token THIS
 177 %token THROW
 178 %token TRUE
 179 %token TRY
 180 %token TYPEOF
 181 %token UINT
 182 %token ULONG
 183 %token UNCHECKED
 184 %token UNSAFE
 185 %token USHORT
 186 %token USING
 187 %token VIRTUAL
 188 %token VOID
 189 %token VOLATILE
 190 %token WHERE
 191 %token WHILE
 192 %token ARGLIST
 193 %token PARTIAL
 194
 195 /* C# keywords which are not really keywords */
 196 %token GET           "get"
 197 %token SET           "set"
 198
 199 %left LAST_KEYWORD
 200
 201 /* C# single character operators/punctuation. */
 202 %token OPEN_BRACE    "{"
 203 %token CLOSE_BRACE   "}"
 204 %token OPEN_BRACKET  "["
 205 %token CLOSE_BRACKET "]"
 206 %token OPEN_PARENS   "("
 207 %token CLOSE_PARENS  ")"
 208 %token DOT           "."
 209 %token COMMA         ","
 210 %token COLON         ":"
 211 %token SEMICOLON     ";"
 212 %token TILDE         "~"
 213
 214 %token PLUS           "+"
 215 %token MINUS          "-"
 216 %token BANG           "!"
 217 %token ASSIGN         "="
 218 %token OP_LT          "<"
 219 %token OP_GENERICS_LT "<"
 220 %token OP_GT          ">"
 221 %token OP_GENERICS_GT ">"
 222 %token BITWISE_AND    "&"
 223 %token BITWISE_OR     "|"
 224 %token STAR           "*"
 225 %token PERCENT        "%"
 226 %token DIV            "/"
 227 %token CARRET         "^"
 228 %token INTERR         "?"
 229
 230 /* C# multi-character operators. */
 231 %token OP_INC                 "++"
 232 %token OP_DEC                 "--"
 233 %token OP_SHIFT_LEFT          "<<"
 234 %token OP_SHIFT_RIGHT         ">>"
 235 %token OP_LE                  "<="
 236 %token OP_GE                  ">="
 237 %token OP_EQ                  "=="
 238 %token OP_NE                  "!="
 239 %token OP_AND                 "&&"
 240 %token OP_OR                  "||"
 241 %token OP_MULT_ASSIGN         "*="
 242 %token OP_DIV_ASSIGN          "/="
 243 %token OP_MOD_ASSIGN          "%="
 244 %token OP_ADD_ASSIGN          "+="
 245 %token OP_SUB_ASSIGN          "-="
 246 %token OP_SHIFT_LEFT_ASSIGN   "<<="
 247 %token OP_SHIFT_RIGHT_ASSIGN  ">>="
 248 %token OP_AND_ASSIGN          "&="
 249 %token OP_XOR_ASSIGN          "^="
 250 %token OP_OR_ASSIGN           "|="
 251 %token OP_PTR                 "->"
 252
 253 /* Numbers */
 254 %token LITERAL_INTEGER           "int literal"
 255 %token LITERAL_FLOAT             "float literal"
 256 %token LITERAL_DOUBLE            "double literal"
 257 %token LITERAL_DECIMAL           "decimal literal"
 258 %token LITERAL_CHARACTER         "character literal"
 259 %token LITERAL_STRING            "string literal"
 260
 261 %token IDENTIFIER
 262 %token CLOSE_PARENS_CAST
 263 %token CLOSE_PARENS_NO_CAST
 264 %token CLOSE_PARENS_OPEN_PARENS
 265 %token CLOSE_PARENS_MINUS
 266 %token DEFAULT_OPEN_PARENS
 267 %token GENERIC_DIMENSION
 268
 269 /* Add precedence rules to solve dangling else s/r conflict */
 270 %nonassoc LOWPREC
 271 %nonassoc IF
 272 %nonassoc ELSE
 273 %right ASSIGN
 274 %left OP_OR
 275 %left OP_AND
 276 %left BITWISE_OR
 277 %left BITWISE_AND
 278 %left OP_SHIFT_LEFT OP_SHIFT_RIGHT
 279 %left PLUS MINUS
 280 %left STAR DIV PERCENT
 281 %right BANG CARRET UMINUS
 282 %nonassoc OP_INC OP_DEC
 283 %left OPEN_PARENS
 284 %left OPEN_BRACKET OPEN_BRACE
 285 %left DOT
 286 %nonassoc HIGHPREC
 287
 288 %start compilation_unit
 289 %%
 290
 291 compilation_unit
 292         : outer_declarations opt_EOF
 293         | outer_declarations global_attributes opt_EOF
 294         | global_attributes opt_EOF
 295         | opt_EOF /* allow empty files */
 296         ;
 297
 298 opt_EOF
 299         : /* empty */
 300         {
 301                 Lexer.check_incorrect_doc_comment ();
 302         }
 303         | EOF
 304         {
 305                 Lexer.check_incorrect_doc_comment ();
 306         }
 307         ;
 308
 309 outer_declarations
 310         : outer_declaration
 311         | outer_declarations outer_declaration
 312         ;
 313
 314 outer_declaration
 315         : using_directive
 316         | namespace_member_declaration
 317         ;
 318
 319 using_directives
 320         : using_directive
 321         | using_directives using_directive
 322         ;
 323
 324 using_directive
 325         : using_alias_directive
 326         {
 327                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
 328                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
 329         }
 330         | using_namespace_directive
 331         {
 332                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
 333                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
 334         }
 335         ;
 336
 337 using_alias_directive
 338         : USING IDENTIFIER ASSIGN
 339           namespace_or_type_name SEMICOLON
 340           {
 341                 current_namespace.UsingAlias ((string) $2, (MemberName) $4, lexer.Location);
 342           }
 343         | USING error {
 344                 CheckIdentifierToken (yyToken);
 345           }
 346         ;
 347
 348 using_namespace_directive
 349         : USING namespace_name SEMICOLON
 350           {
 351                 current_namespace.Using ((string) $2, lexer.Location);
 352           }
 353         ;
 354
 355 //
 356 // Strictly speaking, namespaces don't have attributes but
 357 // we parse global attributes along with namespace declarations and then
 358 // detach them
 359 //
 360 namespace_declaration
 361         : opt_attributes NAMESPACE namespace_or_type_name
 362         {
 363                 if ($1 != null) {
 364                         Report.Error(1518, Lexer.Location, "Attributes cannot be applied to namespaces."
 365                                         + " Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct");
 366                 }
 367
 368                 MemberName name = (MemberName) $3;
 369
 370                 if (name.TypeArguments != null)
 371                         syntax_error (lexer.Location, "namespace name expected");
 372                 else if ((current_namespace.Parent != null) && (name.Left != null)) {
 373                         Report.Error (134, lexer.Location,
 374                                       "Cannot use qualified namespace names in nested " +
 375                                       "namespace declarations");
 376                 }
 377
 378                 current_namespace = new NamespaceEntry (
 379                         current_namespace, file, name.GetName (), lexer.Location);
 380           }
 381           namespace_body opt_semicolon
 382           {
 383                 current_namespace = current_namespace.Parent;
 384           }
 385         ;
 386
 387 opt_semicolon
 388         : /* empty */
 389         | SEMICOLON
 390         ;
 391
 392 opt_comma
 393         : /* empty */
 394         | COMMA
 395         ;
 396
 397 namespace_name
 398         : namespace_or_type_name {
 399                 MemberName name = (MemberName) $1;
 400
 401                 if (name.TypeArguments != null)
 402                         syntax_error (lexer.Location, "namespace name expected");
 403
 404                 $$ = name.GetName ();
 405           }
 406         ;
 407
 408 namespace_body
 409         : OPEN_BRACE
 410           {
 411                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
 412                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
 413           }
 414           opt_using_directives
 415           opt_namespace_member_declarations
 416           CLOSE_BRACE
 417           {
 418           }
 419         ;
 420
 421 opt_using_directives
 422         : /* empty */
 423         | using_directives
 424         ;
 425
 426 opt_namespace_member_declarations
 427         : /* empty */
 428         | namespace_member_declarations
 429         ;
 430
 431 namespace_member_declarations
 432         : namespace_member_declaration
 433         | namespace_member_declarations namespace_member_declaration
 434         ;
 435
 436 namespace_member_declaration
 437         : type_declaration
 438           {
 439                 string name = "";
 440                 int mod_flags;
 441
 442                 if ($1 is Class){
 443                         Class c = (Class) $1;
 444                         mod_flags = c.ModFlags;
 445                         name = c.Name;
 446                 } else if ($1 is Struct){
 447                         Struct s = (Struct) $1;
 448                         mod_flags = s.ModFlags;
 449                         name = s.Name;
 450                 } else
 451                         break;
 452
 453                 if ((mod_flags & (Modifiers.PRIVATE|Modifiers.PROTECTED)) != 0){
 454                         Report.Error (
 455                                 1527, lexer.Location,
 456                                 "Namespace elements cant be explicitly " +
 457                                 "declared private or protected in `" + name + "'");
 458                 }
 459                 current_namespace.DeclarationFound = true;
 460           }
 461         | namespace_declaration {
 462                 current_namespace.DeclarationFound = true;
 463           }
 464
 465         | field_declaration {
 466                 Report.Error (116, lexer.Location, "A namespace can only contain types and namespace declarations");
 467           }
 468         | method_declaration {
 469                 Report.Error (116, lexer.Location, "A namespace can only contain types and namespace declarations");
 470           }
 471         ;
 472
 473 type_declaration
 474         : class_declaration
 475         | struct_declaration
 476         | interface_declaration
 477         | enum_declaration
 478         | delegate_declaration
 479 //
 480 // Enable this when we have handled all errors, because this acts as a generic fallback
 481 //
 482 //      | error {
 483 //              Console.WriteLine ("Token=" + yyToken);
 484 //              Report.Error (1518, lexer.Location, "Expected class, struct, interface, enum or delegate");
 485 //        }
 486         ;
 487
 488 //
 489 // Attributes 17.2
 490 //
 491
 492 global_attributes
 493         : attribute_sections
 494 {
 495         if ($1 != null)
 496                 CodeGen.Assembly.AddAttributes (((Attributes)$1).Attrs);
 497
 498         $$ = $1;
 499 }
 500
 501 opt_attributes
 502         : /* empty */
 503           {
 504                 global_attrs_enabled = false;
 505                 $$ = null;
 506       }
 507         | attribute_sections
 508           {
 509                 global_attrs_enabled = false;
 510                 $$ = $1;
 511           }
 512     ;
 513
 514
 515 attribute_sections
 516         : attribute_section
 517           {
 518                 ArrayList sect = (ArrayList) $1;
 519
 520                 if (global_attrs_enabled) {
 521                         if (current_attr_target == "module") {
 522                                 CodeGen.Module.AddAttributes (sect);
 523                                 $$ = null;
 524                         } else if (current_attr_target == "assembly") {
 525                                 CodeGen.Assembly.AddAttributes (sect);
 526                                 $$ = null;
 527                         } else {
 528                                 $$ = new Attributes (sect);
 529                         }
 530                         if ($$ == null) {
 531                                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
 532                                         Lexer.check_incorrect_doc_comment ();
 533                                         Lexer.doc_state =
 534                                                 XmlCommentState.Allowed;
 535                                 }
 536                         }
 537                 } else {
 538                         $$ = new Attributes (sect);
 539                 }
 540                 current_attr_target = null;
 541       }
 542         | attribute_sections attribute_section
 543           {
 544                 Attributes attrs = $1 as Attributes;
 545                 ArrayList sect = (ArrayList) $2;
 546
 547                 if (global_attrs_enabled) {
 548                         if (current_attr_target == "module") {
 549                                 CodeGen.Module.AddAttributes (sect);
 550                                 $$ = null;
 551                         } else if (current_attr_target == "assembly") {
 552                                 CodeGen.Assembly.AddAttributes (sect);
 553                                 $$ = null;
 554                         } else {
 555                                 if (attrs == null)
 556                                         attrs = new Attributes (sect);
 557                                 else
 558                                         attrs.AddAttributes (sect);
 559                         }
 560                 } else {
 561                         if (attrs == null)
 562                                 attrs = new Attributes (sect);
 563                         else
 564                                 attrs.AddAttributes (sect);
 565                 }
 566                 $$ = attrs;
 567                 current_attr_target = null;
 568           }
 569         ;
 570
 571 attribute_section
 572         : OPEN_BRACKET attribute_target_specifier attribute_list opt_comma CLOSE_BRACKET
 573           {
 574                 $$ = $3;
 575           }
 576         | OPEN_BRACKET attribute_list opt_comma CLOSE_BRACKET
 577           {
 578                 $$ = $2;
 579           }
 580         ;
 581
 582 attribute_target_specifier
 583         : attribute_target COLON
 584           {
 585                 current_attr_target = (string)$1;
 586                 $$ = $1;
 587           }
 588         ;
 589
 590 attribute_target
 591         : IDENTIFIER
 592           {
 593                 CheckAttributeTarget ((string) $1);
 594                 $$ = $1;
 595           }
 596         | EVENT  { $$ = "event"; }
 597         | RETURN { $$ = "return"; }
 598         ;
 599
 600 attribute_list
 601         : attribute
 602           {
 603                 ArrayList attrs = new ArrayList (4);
 604                 attrs.Add ($1);
 605
 606                 $$ = attrs;
 607
 608           }
 609         | attribute_list COMMA attribute
 610           {
 611                 ArrayList attrs = (ArrayList) $1;
 612                 attrs.Add ($3);
 613
 614                 $$ = attrs;
 615           }
 616         ;
 617
 618 attribute
 619         : attribute_name
 620           {
 621                 $$ = lexer.Location;
 622           }
 623           opt_attribute_arguments
 624           {
 625                 MemberName mname = (MemberName) $1;
 626                 if (mname.IsGeneric) {
 627                         Report.Error (404, lexer.Location,
 628                                       "'<' unexpected: attributes cannot be generic");
 629                 }
 630
 631                 string name = mname.GetName ();
 632                 if (current_attr_target == "assembly" || current_attr_target == "module")
 633                         $$ = new GlobalAttribute (current_container, current_attr_target,
 634                                                   name, (ArrayList) $3, (Location) $2);
 635                 else
 636                         $$ = new Attribute (current_attr_target, name, (ArrayList) $3,
 637                                             (Location) $2);
 638           }
 639         ;
 640
 641 attribute_name
 642         : namespace_or_type_name  { /* reserved attribute name or identifier: 17.4 */ }
 643         ;
 644
 645 opt_attribute_arguments
 646         : /* empty */   { $$ = null; }
 647         | OPEN_PARENS attribute_arguments CLOSE_PARENS
 648           {
 649                 $$ = $2;
 650           }
 651         ;
 652
 653
 654 attribute_arguments
 655         : opt_positional_argument_list
 656           {
 657                 if ($1 == null)
 658                         $$ = null;
 659                 else {
 660                         ArrayList args = new ArrayList (4);
 661                         args.Add ($1);
 662
 663                         $$ = args;
 664                 }
 665           }
 666         | positional_argument_list COMMA named_argument_list
 667           {
 668                 ArrayList args = new ArrayList (4);
 669                 args.Add ($1);
 670                 args.Add ($3);
 671
 672                 $$ = args;
 673           }
 674         | named_argument_list
 675           {
 676                 ArrayList args = new ArrayList (4);
 677                 args.Add (null);
 678                 args.Add ($1);
 679
 680                 $$ = args;
 681           }
 682         ;
 683
 684
 685 opt_positional_argument_list
 686         : /* empty */           { $$ = null; }
 687         | positional_argument_list
 688         ;
 689
 690 positional_argument_list
 691         : expression
 692           {
 693                 ArrayList args = new ArrayList (4);
 694                 args.Add (new Argument ((Expression) $1, Argument.AType.Expression));
 695
 696                 $$ = args;
 697           }
 698         | positional_argument_list COMMA expression
 699          {
 700                 ArrayList args = (ArrayList) $1;
 701                 args.Add (new Argument ((Expression) $3, Argument.AType.Expression));
 702
 703                 $$ = args;
 704          }
 705         ;
 706
 707 named_argument_list
 708         : named_argument
 709           {
 710                 ArrayList args = new ArrayList (4);
 711                 args.Add ($1);
 712
 713                 $$ = args;
 714           }
 715         | named_argument_list COMMA named_argument
 716           {
 717                 ArrayList args = (ArrayList) $1;
 718                 args.Add ($3);
 719
 720                 $$ = args;
 721           }
 722           | named_argument_list COMMA expression
 723             {
 724                   Report.Error (1016, lexer.Location, "Named attribute argument expected");
 725                   $$ = null;
 726                 }
 727         ;
 728
 729 named_argument
 730         : IDENTIFIER ASSIGN expression
 731           {
 732                 $$ = new DictionaryEntry (
 733                         (string) $1,
 734                         new Argument ((Expression) $3, Argument.AType.Expression));
 735           }
 736         ;
 737
 738
 739 class_body
 740         :  OPEN_BRACE opt_class_member_declarations CLOSE_BRACE
 741         ;
 742
 743 opt_class_member_declarations
 744         : /* empty */
 745         | class_member_declarations
 746         ;
 747
 748 class_member_declarations
 749         : class_member_declaration
 750         | class_member_declarations
 751           class_member_declaration
 752         ;
 753
 754 class_member_declaration
 755         : constant_declaration                  // done
 756         | field_declaration                     // done
 757         | method_declaration                    // done
 758         | property_declaration                  // done
 759         | event_declaration                     // done
 760         | indexer_declaration                   // done
 761         | operator_declaration                  // done
 762         | constructor_declaration               // done
 763         | destructor_declaration                // done
 764         | type_declaration
 765         ;
 766
 767 struct_declaration
 768         : opt_attributes
 769           opt_modifiers
 770           opt_partial
 771           STRUCT member_name
 772           {
 773                 MemberName name = MakeName ((MemberName) $5);
 774                 bool partial = (bool) $3;
 775
 776                 if (partial) {
 777                         ClassPart part = PartialContainer.CreatePart (
 778                                 current_namespace, current_container, name, (int) $2,
 779                                 (Attributes) $1, Kind.Struct, lexer.Location);
 780
 781                         current_container = part.PartialContainer;
 782                         current_class = part;
 783                 } else {
 784                         current_class = new Struct (
 785                                 current_namespace, current_container, name, (int) $2,
 786                                 (Attributes) $1, lexer.Location);
 787
 788                         current_container = current_class;
 789                         RootContext.Tree.RecordDecl (name.GetName (true), current_class);
 790                 }
 791
 792                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = true;
 793           }
 794           opt_class_base
 795           opt_type_parameter_constraints_clauses
 796           {
 797                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = false;
 798
 799                 if ($7 != null)
 800                         current_class.Bases = (ArrayList) $7;
 801
 802                 current_class.SetParameterInfo ((ArrayList) $8);
 803
 804                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
 805                         current_class.DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
 806
 807                 current_class.Register ();
 808           }
 809           struct_body
 810           {
 811                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
 812                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
 813           }
 814           opt_semicolon
 815           {
 816                 $$ = current_class;
 817
 818                 current_container = current_container.Parent;
 819                 current_class = current_container;
 820           }
 821         | opt_attributes opt_modifiers opt_partial STRUCT error {
 822                 CheckIdentifierToken (yyToken);
 823           }
 824         ;
 825
 826 struct_body
 827         : OPEN_BRACE
 828           {
 829                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
 830                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
 831           }
 832           opt_struct_member_declarations CLOSE_BRACE
 833         ;
 834
 835 opt_struct_member_declarations
 836         : /* empty */
 837         | struct_member_declarations
 838         ;
 839
 840 struct_member_declarations
 841         : struct_member_declaration
 842         | struct_member_declarations struct_member_declaration
 843         ;
 844
 845 struct_member_declaration
 846         : constant_declaration
 847         | field_declaration
 848         | method_declaration
 849         | property_declaration
 850         | event_declaration
 851         | indexer_declaration
 852         | operator_declaration
 853         | constructor_declaration
 854         | type_declaration
 855
 856         /*
 857          * This is only included so we can flag error 575:
 858          * destructors only allowed on class types
 859          */
 860         | destructor_declaration
 861         ;
 862
 863 constant_declaration
 864         : opt_attributes
 865           opt_modifiers
 866           CONST
 867           type
 868           constant_declarators
 869           SEMICOLON
 870           {
 871                 int modflags = (int) $2;
 872                 foreach (VariableDeclaration constant in (ArrayList) $5){
 873                         Location l = constant.Location;
 874                         if ((modflags & Modifiers.STATIC) != 0) {
 875                                 Report.Error (504, l, "The constant '{0}' cannot be marked static", current_container.GetSignatureForError () + '.' + (string) constant.identifier);
 876                                 continue;
 877                         }
 878
 879                         Const c = new Const (
 880                                 current_class, (Expression) $4, (string) constant.identifier,
 881                                 (Expression) constant.expression_or_array_initializer, modflags,
 882                                 (Attributes) $1, l);
 883
 884                         if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
 885                                 c.DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
 886                                 Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
 887                         }
 888                         current_container.AddConstant (c);
 889                 }
 890           }
 891         ;
 892
 893 constant_declarators
 894         : constant_declarator
 895           {
 896                 ArrayList constants = new ArrayList (4);
 897                 if ($1 != null)
 898                         constants.Add ($1);
 899                 $$ = constants;
 900           }
 901         | constant_declarators COMMA constant_declarator
 902           {
 903                 if ($3 != null) {
 904                         ArrayList constants = (ArrayList) $1;
 905                         constants.Add ($3);
 906                 }
 907           }
 908         ;
 909
 910 constant_declarator
 911         : IDENTIFIER ASSIGN constant_expression
 912           {
 913                 $$ = new VariableDeclaration ((string) $1, $3, lexer.Location);
 914           }
 915         | IDENTIFIER
 916           {
 917                 // A const field requires a value to be provided
 918                 Report.Error (145, lexer.Location, "A const field requires a value to be provided");
 919                 $$ = null;
 920           }
 921         ;
 922
 923 field_declaration
 924         : opt_attributes
 925           opt_modifiers
 926           type
 927           variable_declarators
 928           SEMICOLON
 929           {
 930                 Expression type = (Expression) $3;
 931                 int mod = (int) $2;
 932
 933                 foreach (VariableDeclaration var in (ArrayList) $4){
 934                         Location l = var.Location;
 935
 936                         Field field = new Field (current_class, type, mod, var.identifier,
 937                                                  var.expression_or_array_initializer,
 938                                                  (Attributes) $1, l);
 939
 940                         if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
 941                                 field.DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
 942                                 Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
 943                         }
 944                         current_container.AddField (field);
 945                 }
 946           }
 947         | opt_attributes
 948           opt_modifiers
 949           VOID
 950           variable_declarators
 951           SEMICOLON {
 952                 Report.Error (670, lexer.Location, "void type is not allowed for fields");
 953           }
 954         ;
 955
 956 variable_declarators
 957         : variable_declarator
 958           {
 959                 ArrayList decl = new ArrayList (4);
 960                 decl.Add ($1);
 961                 $$ = decl;
 962           }
 963         | variable_declarators COMMA variable_declarator
 964           {
 965                 ArrayList decls = (ArrayList) $1;
 966                 decls.Add ($3);
 967                 $$ = $1;
 968           }
 969         ;
 970
 971 variable_declarator
 972         : IDENTIFIER ASSIGN variable_initializer
 973           {
 974                 $$ = new VariableDeclaration ((string) $1, $3, lexer.Location);
 975           }
 976         | IDENTIFIER
 977           {
 978                 $$ = new VariableDeclaration ((string) $1, null, lexer.Location);
 979           }
 980         ;
 981
 982 variable_initializer
 983         : expression
 984           {
 985                 $$ = $1;
 986           }
 987         | array_initializer
 988           {
 989                 $$ = $1;
 990           }
 991         | STACKALLOC type OPEN_BRACKET expression CLOSE_BRACKET
 992           {
 993                 $$ = new StackAlloc ((Expression) $2, (Expression) $4, lexer.Location);
 994           }
 995         | STACKALLOC type
 996           {
 997                 Report.Error (1575, lexer.Location, "A stackalloc expression requires [] after type");
 998                 $$ = null;
 999           }
1000         ;
1001
1002 method_declaration
1003         : method_header {
1004                 iterator_container = (IIteratorContainer) $1;
1005                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1006                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.NotAllowed;
1007           }
1008           method_body
1009           {
1010                 Method method = (Method) $1;
1011                 Block b = (Block) $3;
1012                 const int extern_abstract = (Modifiers.EXTERN | Modifiers.ABSTRACT);
1013
1014                 if (b == null){
1015                         if ((method.ModFlags & extern_abstract) == 0){
1016                                 Report.Error (
1017                                         501, lexer.Location,  current_container.MakeName (method.Name) +
1018                                         "must declare a body because it is not marked abstract or extern");
1019                         }
1020                 } else {
1021                         if ((method.ModFlags & Modifiers.EXTERN) != 0){
1022                                 Report.Error (
1023                                         179, lexer.Location, current_container.MakeName (method.Name) +
1024                                         " is declared extern, but has a body");
1025                         }
1026                 }
1027
1028                 method.Block = (ToplevelBlock) $3;
1029                 current_container.AddMethod (method);
1030
1031                 current_local_parameters = null;
1032                 iterator_container = null;
1033
1034                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1035                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
1036           }
1037         ;
1038
1039 opt_error_modifier
1040         : /* empty */
1041         | modifiers
1042           {
1043                 int m = (int) $1;
1044                 int i = 1;
1045
1046                 while (m != 0){
1047                         if ((i & m) != 0){
1048                                 Report.Error (
1049                                         1585, lexer.Location, "Member modifier `" +
1050                                         Modifiers.Name (i) + "' must precede member type and name");
1051                         }
1052                         m &= ~i;
1053                         i = i << 1;
1054                 }
1055           }
1056         ;
1057
1058 method_header
1059         : opt_attributes
1060           opt_modifiers
1061           type namespace_or_type_name
1062           OPEN_PARENS opt_formal_parameter_list CLOSE_PARENS
1063           {
1064                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = true;
1065           }
1066           opt_type_parameter_constraints_clauses
1067           {
1068                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = false;
1069
1070                 MemberName name = (MemberName) $4;
1071
1072                 if ($9 != null && name.TypeArguments == null)
1073                         Report.Error (80, lexer.Location,
1074                                       "Contraints are not allowed on non-generic declarations");
1075
1076                 Method method;
1077
1078                 GenericMethod generic = null;
1079                 if (name.TypeArguments != null) {
1080                         generic = new GenericMethod (current_namespace, current_class,
1081                                                      name, lexer.Location);
1082
1083                         generic.SetParameterInfo ((ArrayList) $9);
1084                 }
1085
1086                 method = new Method (current_class, generic, (Expression) $3, (int) $2, false,
1087                                      name, (Parameters) $6, (Attributes) $1, lexer.Location);
1088
1089                 current_local_parameters = (Parameters) $6;
1090
1091                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1092                         method.DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1093
1094                 $$ = method;
1095           }
1096         | opt_attributes
1097           opt_modifiers
1098           VOID namespace_or_type_name
1099           OPEN_PARENS opt_formal_parameter_list CLOSE_PARENS
1100           {
1101                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = true;
1102           }
1103           opt_type_parameter_constraints_clauses
1104           {
1105                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = false;
1106
1107                 MemberName name = (MemberName) $4;
1108
1109                 if ($9 != null && name.TypeArguments == null)
1110                         Report.Error (80, lexer.Location,
1111                                       "Contraints are not allowed on non-generic declarations");
1112
1113                 Method method;
1114                 GenericMethod generic = null;
1115                 if (name.TypeArguments != null) {
1116                         generic = new GenericMethod (current_namespace, current_class,
1117                                                      name, lexer.Location);
1118
1119                         generic.SetParameterInfo ((ArrayList) $9);
1120                 }
1121
1122                 method = new Method (current_class, generic, TypeManager.system_void_expr,
1123                                      (int) $2, false, name, (Parameters) $6, (Attributes) $1,
1124                                      lexer.Location);
1125
1126                 current_local_parameters = (Parameters) $6;
1127
1128                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1129                         method.DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1130
1131                 $$ = method;
1132           }
1133         | opt_attributes
1134           opt_modifiers
1135           type
1136           modifiers namespace_or_type_name OPEN_PARENS opt_formal_parameter_list CLOSE_PARENS
1137           {
1138                 Report.Error (1585, lexer.Location,
1139                         String.Format ("Modifier {0} should appear before type",
1140                                 Modifiers.Name ((int) $4)));
1141                 MemberName name = (MemberName) $4;
1142
1143                 Method method = new Method (current_class, null, TypeManager.system_void_expr,
1144                                             0, false, name, (Parameters) $6, (Attributes) $1,
1145                                             lexer.Location);
1146
1147                 current_local_parameters = (Parameters) $6;
1148
1149                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1150                         method.DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1151
1152                 $$ = method;
1153           }
1154         ;
1155
1156 method_body
1157         : block
1158         | SEMICOLON             { $$ = null; }
1159         ;
1160
1161 opt_formal_parameter_list
1162         : /* empty */                   { $$ = Parameters.EmptyReadOnlyParameters; }
1163         | formal_parameter_list
1164         ;
1165
1166 formal_parameter_list
1167         : fixed_parameters
1168           {
1169                 ArrayList pars_list = (ArrayList) $1;
1170
1171                 Parameter [] pars = new Parameter [pars_list.Count];
1172                 pars_list.CopyTo (pars);
1173
1174                 $$ = new Parameters (pars, null, lexer.Location);
1175           }
1176         | fixed_parameters COMMA parameter_array
1177           {
1178                 ArrayList pars_list = (ArrayList) $1;
1179
1180                 Parameter [] pars = new Parameter [pars_list.Count];
1181                 pars_list.CopyTo (pars);
1182
1183                 $$ = new Parameters (pars, (Parameter) $3, lexer.Location);
1184           }
1185         | fixed_parameters COMMA ARGLIST
1186           {
1187                 ArrayList pars_list = (ArrayList) $1;
1188
1189                 Parameter [] pars = new Parameter [pars_list.Count];
1190                 pars_list.CopyTo (pars);
1191
1192                 $$ = new Parameters (pars, true, lexer.Location);
1193           }
1194         | parameter_array
1195           {
1196                 $$ = new Parameters (null, (Parameter) $1, lexer.Location);
1197           }
1198         | ARGLIST
1199           {
1200                 $$ = new Parameters (null, true, lexer.Location);
1201           }
1202         ;
1203
1204 fixed_parameters
1205         : fixed_parameter
1206           {
1207                 ArrayList pars = new ArrayList (4);
1208
1209                 pars.Add ($1);
1210                 $$ = pars;
1211           }
1212         | fixed_parameters COMMA fixed_parameter
1213           {
1214                 ArrayList pars = (ArrayList) $1;
1215
1216                 pars.Add ($3);
1217                 $$ = $1;
1218           }
1219         ;
1220
1221 fixed_parameter
1222         : opt_attributes
1223           opt_parameter_modifier
1224           type
1225           IDENTIFIER
1226           {
1227                 $$ = new Parameter ((Expression) $3, (string) $4, (Parameter.Modifier) $2, (Attributes) $1);
1228           }
1229         | opt_attributes
1230           opt_parameter_modifier
1231           type
1232           {
1233                 Report.Error (1001, lexer.Location, "Identifier expected");
1234                 $$ = null;
1235           }
1236         | opt_attributes
1237           opt_parameter_modifier
1238           type
1239           error {
1240                 CheckIdentifierToken (yyToken);
1241                 $$ = null;
1242           }
1243         | opt_attributes
1244           opt_parameter_modifier
1245           type
1246           IDENTIFIER
1247           ASSIGN
1248           constant_expression
1249            {
1250                  Report.Error (241, lexer.Location, "Default parameter specifiers are not permitted");
1251                  $$ = null;
1252            }
1253         ;
1254
1255 opt_parameter_modifier
1256         : /* empty */           { $$ = Parameter.Modifier.NONE; }
1257         | parameter_modifier
1258         ;
1259
1260 parameter_modifier
1261         : REF                   { $$ = Parameter.Modifier.REF | Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF; }
1262         | OUT                   { $$ = Parameter.Modifier.OUT | Parameter.Modifier.ISBYREF; }
1263         ;
1264
1265 parameter_array
1266         : opt_attributes PARAMS type IDENTIFIER
1267           {
1268                 $$ = new Parameter ((Expression) $3, (string) $4, Parameter.Modifier.PARAMS, (Attributes) $1);
1269                 note ("type must be a single-dimension array type");
1270           }
1271         | opt_attributes PARAMS parameter_modifier type IDENTIFIER
1272           {
1273                 Report.Error (1611, lexer.Location, "The params parameter cannot be declared as ref or out");
1274                 $$ = null;
1275           }
1276         | opt_attributes PARAMS type error {
1277                 CheckIdentifierToken (yyToken);
1278                 $$ = null;
1279           }
1280         ;
1281
1282 property_declaration
1283         : opt_attributes
1284           opt_modifiers
1285           type
1286           namespace_or_type_name
1287           {
1288                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1289                         tmpComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1290           }
1291           OPEN_BRACE
1292           {
1293                 implicit_value_parameter_type = (Expression) $3;
1294
1295                 lexer.PropertyParsing = true;
1296
1297                 $$ = lexer.Location;
1298
1299                 iterator_container = SimpleIteratorContainer.GetSimple ();
1300           }
1301           accessor_declarations
1302           {
1303                 lexer.PropertyParsing = false;
1304           }
1305           CLOSE_BRACE
1306           {
1307                 Property prop;
1308                 Pair pair = (Pair) $8;
1309                 Accessor get_block = (Accessor) pair.First;
1310                 Accessor set_block = (Accessor) pair.Second;
1311
1312                 Location loc = (Location) $7;
1313                 MemberName name = (MemberName) $4;
1314
1315                 if (name.TypeArguments != null)
1316                         syntax_error (lexer.Location, "a property can't have type arguments");
1317
1318                 prop = new Property (current_container, (Expression) $3, (int) $2, false,
1319                                      name, (Attributes) $1, get_block, set_block, loc);
1320                 if (SimpleIteratorContainer.Simple.Yields)
1321                         prop.SetYields ();
1322
1323                 current_container.AddProperty (prop);
1324                 implicit_value_parameter_type = null;
1325                 iterator_container = null;
1326
1327                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1328                         prop.DocComment = ConsumeStoredComment ();
1329
1330           }
1331         ;
1332
1333 accessor_declarations
1334         : get_accessor_declaration opt_set_accessor_declaration
1335           {
1336                 $$ = new Pair ($1, $2);
1337           }
1338         | set_accessor_declaration opt_get_accessor_declaration
1339           {
1340                 $$ = new Pair ($2, $1);
1341           }
1342         ;
1343
1344 opt_get_accessor_declaration
1345         : /* empty */                   { $$ = null; }
1346         | get_accessor_declaration
1347         ;
1348
1349 opt_set_accessor_declaration
1350         : /* empty */                   { $$ = null; }
1351         | set_accessor_declaration
1352         ;
1353
1354 get_accessor_declaration
1355         : opt_attributes opt_modifiers GET
1356           {
1357                 // If this is not the case, then current_local_parameters has already
1358                 // been set in indexer_declaration
1359                 if (parsing_indexer == false)
1360                         current_local_parameters = null;
1361                 else
1362                         current_local_parameters = indexer_parameters;
1363                 lexer.PropertyParsing = false;
1364           }
1365           accessor_body
1366           {
1367                 $$ = new Accessor ((ToplevelBlock) $5, (int) $2, (Attributes) $1, lexer.Location);
1368                 current_local_parameters = null;
1369                 lexer.PropertyParsing = true;
1370
1371                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1372                         if (Lexer.doc_state == XmlCommentState.Error)
1373                                 Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.NotAllowed;
1374           }
1375         ;
1376
1377 set_accessor_declaration
1378         : opt_attributes opt_modifiers SET
1379           {
1380                 Parameter [] args;
1381                 Parameter implicit_value_parameter = new Parameter (
1382                         implicit_value_parameter_type, "value",
1383                         Parameter.Modifier.NONE, null);
1384
1385                 if (parsing_indexer == false) {
1386                         args  = new Parameter [1];
1387                         args [0] = implicit_value_parameter;
1388                         current_local_parameters = new Parameters (args, null, lexer.Location);
1389                 } else {
1390                         Parameter [] fpars = indexer_parameters.FixedParameters;
1391
1392                         if (fpars != null){
1393                                 int count = fpars.Length;
1394
1395                                 args = new Parameter [count + 1];
1396                                 fpars.CopyTo (args, 0);
1397                                 args [count] = implicit_value_parameter;
1398                         } else
1399                                 args = null;
1400                         current_local_parameters = new Parameters (
1401                                 args, indexer_parameters.ArrayParameter, lexer.Location);
1402                 }
1403
1404                 lexer.PropertyParsing = false;
1405           }
1406           accessor_body
1407           {
1408                 $$ = new Accessor ((ToplevelBlock) $5, (int) $2, (Attributes) $1, lexer.Location);
1409                 current_local_parameters = null;
1410                 lexer.PropertyParsing = true;
1411
1412                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null
1413                         && Lexer.doc_state == XmlCommentState.Error)
1414                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.NotAllowed;
1415           }
1416         ;
1417
1418 accessor_body
1419         : block
1420         | SEMICOLON             { $$ = null; }
1421         ;
1422
1423 interface_declaration
1424         : opt_attributes
1425           opt_modifiers
1426           opt_partial
1427           INTERFACE member_name
1428           {
1429                 MemberName name = MakeName ((MemberName) $5);
1430                 bool partial = (bool) $3;
1431
1432                 if (partial) {
1433                         ClassPart part = PartialContainer.CreatePart (
1434                                 current_namespace, current_container, name, (int) $2,
1435                                 (Attributes) $1, Kind.Interface, lexer.Location);
1436
1437                         current_container = part.PartialContainer;
1438                         current_class = part;
1439                 } else {
1440                         current_class = new Interface (
1441                                 current_namespace, current_container, name, (int) $2,
1442                                 (Attributes) $1, lexer.Location);
1443
1444                         current_container = current_class;
1445                         RootContext.Tree.RecordDecl (name.GetName (true), current_class);
1446                 }
1447
1448                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = true;
1449           }
1450           opt_class_base
1451           opt_type_parameter_constraints_clauses
1452           {
1453                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = false;
1454
1455                 if ($7 != null)
1456                         current_class.Bases = (ArrayList) $7;
1457
1458                 current_class.SetParameterInfo ((ArrayList) $8);
1459
1460                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
1461                         current_class.DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1462                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
1463                 }
1464
1465                 current_class.Register ();
1466           }
1467           interface_body
1468           {
1469                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1470                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
1471           }
1472           opt_semicolon
1473           {
1474                 $$ = current_class;
1475
1476                 current_container = current_container.Parent;
1477                 current_class = current_container;
1478           }
1479         | opt_attributes opt_modifiers opt_partial INTERFACE error {
1480                 CheckIdentifierToken (yyToken);
1481           }
1482         ;
1483
1484 interface_body
1485         : OPEN_BRACE
1486           opt_interface_member_declarations
1487           CLOSE_BRACE
1488         ;
1489
1490 opt_interface_member_declarations
1491         : /* empty */
1492         | interface_member_declarations
1493         ;
1494
1495 interface_member_declarations
1496         : interface_member_declaration
1497         | interface_member_declarations interface_member_declaration
1498         ;
1499
1500 interface_member_declaration
1501         : interface_method_declaration
1502           {
1503                 Method m = (Method) $1;
1504
1505                 if (m.IsExplicitImpl)
1506                         Report.Error (541, lexer.Location,
1507                                 "Explicit interface declaration can only be declared in a class or struct");
1508
1509                 current_container.AddMethod (m);
1510
1511                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1512                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
1513           }
1514         | interface_property_declaration
1515           {
1516                 Property p = (Property) $1;
1517
1518                 if (p.IsExplicitImpl)
1519                         Report.Error (541, lexer.Location,
1520                                 "Explicit interface declaration can only be declared in a class or struct");
1521
1522                 current_container.AddProperty (p);
1523
1524                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1525                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
1526           }
1527         | interface_event_declaration
1528           {
1529                 if ($1 != null){
1530                         Event e = (Event) $1;
1531
1532                         if (e.IsExplicitImpl)
1533                                 Report.Error (541, lexer.Location,
1534                                     "Explicit interface declaration can only be declared in a class or struct");
1535
1536                         current_container.AddEvent (e);
1537                 }
1538
1539                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1540                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
1541           }
1542         | interface_indexer_declaration
1543           {
1544                 Indexer i = (Indexer) $1;
1545
1546                 if (i.IsExplicitImpl)
1547                         Report.Error (541, lexer.Location,
1548                                 "Explicit interface declaration can only be declared in a class or struct");
1549
1550                 current_container.AddIndexer (i);
1551
1552                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1553                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
1554           }
1555         | delegate_declaration
1556           {
1557                 Report.Error (524, lexer.Location, "Interfaces can not declare delegates");
1558           }
1559         | class_declaration
1560           {
1561                 Report.Error (524, lexer.Location, "Interfaces can not declare classes");
1562           }
1563         | struct_declaration
1564           {
1565                 Report.Error (524, lexer.Location, "Interfaces can not declare structures");
1566           }
1567         | enum_declaration
1568           {
1569                 Report.Error (524, lexer.Location, "Interfaces can not declare enumerations");
1570           }
1571         | interface_declaration
1572           {
1573                 Report.Error (524, lexer.Location, "Interfaces can not declare interfaces");
1574           }
1575         ;
1576
1577 opt_new
1578         : opt_modifiers
1579           {
1580                 int val = (int) $1;
1581                 val = Modifiers.Check (Modifiers.NEW | Modifiers.UNSAFE, val, 0, lexer.Location);
1582                 $$ = val;
1583           }
1584         ;
1585
1586 interface_method_declaration
1587         : opt_attributes opt_new type namespace_or_type_name
1588           OPEN_PARENS opt_formal_parameter_list CLOSE_PARENS
1589           {
1590                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = true;
1591           }
1592           opt_type_parameter_constraints_clauses
1593           SEMICOLON
1594           {
1595                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = false;
1596
1597                 MemberName name = (MemberName) $4;
1598
1599                 if ($9 != null && name.TypeArguments == null)
1600                         Report.Error (80, lexer.Location,
1601                                       "Contraints are not allowed on non-generic declarations");
1602
1603                 GenericMethod generic = null;
1604                 if (name.TypeArguments != null) {
1605                         generic = new GenericMethod (current_namespace, current_class,
1606                                                      name, lexer.Location);
1607
1608                         generic.SetParameterInfo ((ArrayList) $9);
1609                 }
1610
1611                 $$ = new Method (current_class, generic, (Expression) $3, (int) $2, true, name,
1612                                  (Parameters) $6, (Attributes) $1, lexer.Location);
1613                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1614                         ((Method) $$).DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1615           }
1616         | opt_attributes opt_new VOID namespace_or_type_name
1617           OPEN_PARENS opt_formal_parameter_list CLOSE_PARENS
1618           {
1619                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = true;
1620           }
1621           opt_type_parameter_constraints_clauses
1622           SEMICOLON
1623           {
1624                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = false;
1625
1626                 MemberName name = (MemberName) $4;
1627
1628                 if ($9 != null && name.TypeArguments == null)
1629                         Report.Error (80, lexer.Location,
1630                                       "Contraints are not allowed on non-generic declarations");
1631
1632                 GenericMethod generic = null;
1633                 if (name.TypeArguments != null) {
1634                         generic = new GenericMethod (current_namespace, current_class,
1635                                                      name, lexer.Location);
1636
1637                         generic.SetParameterInfo ((ArrayList) $9);
1638                 }
1639
1640                 $$ = new Method (current_class, generic, TypeManager.system_void_expr, (int) $2,
1641                                  true, name, (Parameters) $6, (Attributes) $1, lexer.Location);
1642                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1643                         ((Method) $$).DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1644           }
1645         ;
1646
1647 interface_property_declaration
1648         : opt_attributes
1649           opt_new
1650           type IDENTIFIER
1651           OPEN_BRACE
1652           { lexer.PropertyParsing = true; }
1653           interface_accessors
1654           { lexer.PropertyParsing = false; }
1655           CLOSE_BRACE
1656           {
1657                 InterfaceAccessorInfo pinfo = (InterfaceAccessorInfo) $7;
1658
1659                 $$ = new Property (current_class, (Expression) $3, (int) $2, true,
1660                                    new MemberName ((string) $4), (Attributes) $1,
1661                                    pinfo.Get, pinfo.Set, lexer.Location);
1662                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1663                         ((Property) $$).DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1664           }
1665         | opt_attributes
1666           opt_new
1667           type error {
1668                 CheckIdentifierToken (yyToken);
1669                 $$ = null;
1670           }
1671         ;
1672
1673 interface_accessors
1674         : opt_attributes opt_modifiers GET SEMICOLON
1675         { $$ = new InterfaceAccessorInfo (true, false, (Attributes) $1, null, (int) $2, 0, lexer.Location, lexer.Location); }
1676         | opt_attributes opt_modifiers SET SEMICOLON
1677         { $$ = new InterfaceAccessorInfo (false, true, null, (Attributes) $1, 0, (int) $2, lexer.Location, lexer.Location); }
1678         | opt_attributes opt_modifiers GET SEMICOLON opt_attributes opt_modifiers SET SEMICOLON
1679           { $$ = new InterfaceAccessorInfo (true, true, (Attributes) $1, (Attributes) $5, (int) $2, (int) $6, lexer.Location, lexer.Location); }
1680         | opt_attributes opt_modifiers SET SEMICOLON opt_attributes opt_modifiers GET SEMICOLON
1681           { $$ = new InterfaceAccessorInfo (true, true, (Attributes) $5, (Attributes) $1, (int) $6, (int) $2, lexer.Location, lexer.Location); }
1682         ;
1683
1684 interface_event_declaration
1685         : opt_attributes opt_new EVENT type IDENTIFIER SEMICOLON
1686           {
1687                 $$ = new EventField (current_class, (Expression) $4, (int) $2, true,
1688                                      new MemberName ((string) $5), null,
1689                                      (Attributes) $1, lexer.Location);
1690                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1691                         ((EventField) $$).DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1692           }
1693         | opt_attributes opt_new EVENT type error {
1694                 CheckIdentifierToken (yyToken);
1695                 $$ = null;
1696           }
1697         | opt_attributes opt_new EVENT type IDENTIFIER ASSIGN  {
1698                 Report.Error (68, lexer.Location, "Event declarations on interfaces can not be initialized.");
1699                 $$ = null;
1700           }
1701         | opt_attributes opt_new EVENT type IDENTIFIER OPEN_BRACE event_accessor_declarations CLOSE_BRACE {
1702                 Report.Error (69, lexer.Location, "Event accessors not valid on interfaces");
1703                 $$ = null;
1704           }
1705         ;
1706
1707 interface_indexer_declaration
1708         : opt_attributes opt_new type THIS
1709           OPEN_BRACKET formal_parameter_list CLOSE_BRACKET
1710           OPEN_BRACE
1711           { lexer.PropertyParsing = true; }
1712           interface_accessors
1713           { lexer.PropertyParsing = false; }
1714           CLOSE_BRACE
1715           {
1716                 InterfaceAccessorInfo info = (InterfaceAccessorInfo) $10;
1717
1718                 $$ = new Indexer (current_class, (Expression) $3,
1719                                   new MemberName (TypeContainer.DefaultIndexerName),
1720                                   (int) $2, true, (Parameters) $6, (Attributes) $1,
1721                                   info.Get, info.Set, lexer.Location);
1722                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1723                         ((Indexer) $$).DocComment = ConsumeStoredComment ();
1724           }
1725         ;
1726
1727 operator_declaration
1728         : opt_attributes opt_modifiers operator_declarator
1729           {
1730                 iterator_container = SimpleIteratorContainer.GetSimple ();
1731           }
1732           operator_body
1733           {
1734                 OperatorDeclaration decl = (OperatorDeclaration) $3;
1735
1736                 Parameter [] param_list = new Parameter [decl.arg2type != null ? 2 : 1];
1737
1738                 param_list[0] = new Parameter (decl.arg1type, decl.arg1name, Parameter.Modifier.NONE, null);
1739                 if (decl.arg2type != null)
1740                         param_list[1] = new Parameter (decl.arg2type, decl.arg2name, Parameter.Modifier.NONE, null);
1741
1742                 Operator op = new Operator (
1743                         current_class, decl.optype, decl.ret_type, (int) $2,
1744                         new Parameters (param_list, null, decl.location),
1745                         (ToplevelBlock) $5, (Attributes) $1, decl.location);
1746
1747                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
1748                         op.DocComment = tmpComment;
1749                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
1750                 }
1751
1752                 if (SimpleIteratorContainer.Simple.Yields)
1753                         op.SetYields ();
1754
1755                 // Note again, checking is done in semantic analysis
1756                 current_container.AddOperator (op);
1757
1758                 current_local_parameters = null;
1759                 iterator_container = null;
1760           }
1761         ;
1762
1763 operator_body
1764         : block
1765         | SEMICOLON { $$ = null; }
1766         ;
1767 operator_declarator
1768         : type OPERATOR overloadable_operator
1769           OPEN_PARENS type IDENTIFIER CLOSE_PARENS
1770         {
1771                 Operator.OpType op = (Operator.OpType) $3;
1772                 CheckUnaryOperator (op);
1773
1774                 if (op == Operator.OpType.Addition)
1775                         op = Operator.OpType.UnaryPlus;
1776
1777                 if (op == Operator.OpType.Subtraction)
1778                         op = Operator.OpType.UnaryNegation;
1779
1780                 Parameter [] pars = new Parameter [1];
1781                 Expression type = (Expression) $5;
1782
1783                 pars [0] = new Parameter (type, (string) $6, Parameter.Modifier.NONE, null);
1784
1785                 current_local_parameters = new Parameters (pars, null, lexer.Location);
1786
1787                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
1788                         tmpComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1789                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.NotAllowed;
1790                 }
1791
1792                 $$ = new OperatorDeclaration (op, (Expression) $1, type, (string) $6,
1793                                               null, null, lexer.Location);
1794         }
1795         | type OPERATOR overloadable_operator
1796           OPEN_PARENS
1797                 type IDENTIFIER COMMA
1798                 type IDENTIFIER
1799           CLOSE_PARENS
1800         {
1801                 CheckBinaryOperator ((Operator.OpType) $3);
1802
1803                 Parameter [] pars = new Parameter [2];
1804
1805                 Expression typeL = (Expression) $5;
1806                 Expression typeR = (Expression) $8;
1807
1808                pars [0] = new Parameter (typeL, (string) $6, Parameter.Modifier.NONE, null);
1809                pars [1] = new Parameter (typeR, (string) $9, Parameter.Modifier.NONE, null);
1810
1811                current_local_parameters = new Parameters (pars, null, lexer.Location);
1812
1813                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
1814                         tmpComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1815                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.NotAllowed;
1816                 }
1817
1818                $$ = new OperatorDeclaration ((Operator.OpType) $3, (Expression) $1,
1819                                              typeL, (string) $6,
1820                                              typeR, (string) $9, lexer.Location);
1821         }
1822         | conversion_operator_declarator
1823         ;
1824
1825 overloadable_operator
1826 // Unary operators:
1827         : BANG   { $$ = Operator.OpType.LogicalNot; }
1828         | TILDE  { $$ = Operator.OpType.OnesComplement; }
1829         | OP_INC { $$ = Operator.OpType.Increment; }
1830         | OP_DEC { $$ = Operator.OpType.Decrement; }
1831         | TRUE   { $$ = Operator.OpType.True; }
1832         | FALSE  { $$ = Operator.OpType.False; }
1833 // Unary and binary:
1834         | PLUS { $$ = Operator.OpType.Addition; }
1835         | MINUS { $$ = Operator.OpType.Subtraction; }
1836 // Binary:
1837         | STAR { $$ = Operator.OpType.Multiply; }
1838         | DIV {  $$ = Operator.OpType.Division; }
1839         | PERCENT { $$ = Operator.OpType.Modulus; }
1840         | BITWISE_AND { $$ = Operator.OpType.BitwiseAnd; }
1841         | BITWISE_OR { $$ = Operator.OpType.BitwiseOr; }
1842         | CARRET { $$ = Operator.OpType.ExclusiveOr; }
1843         | OP_SHIFT_LEFT { $$ = Operator.OpType.LeftShift; }
1844         | OP_SHIFT_RIGHT { $$ = Operator.OpType.RightShift; }
1845         | OP_EQ { $$ = Operator.OpType.Equality; }
1846         | OP_NE { $$ = Operator.OpType.Inequality; }
1847         | OP_GT { $$ = Operator.OpType.GreaterThan; }
1848         | OP_LT { $$ = Operator.OpType.LessThan; }
1849         | OP_GE { $$ = Operator.OpType.GreaterThanOrEqual; }
1850         | OP_LE { $$ = Operator.OpType.LessThanOrEqual; }
1851         ;
1852
1853 conversion_operator_declarator
1854         : IMPLICIT OPERATOR type OPEN_PARENS type IDENTIFIER CLOSE_PARENS
1855           {
1856                 Parameter [] pars = new Parameter [1];
1857
1858                 pars [0] = new Parameter ((Expression) $5, (string) $6, Parameter.Modifier.NONE, null);
1859
1860                 current_local_parameters = new Parameters (pars, null, lexer.Location);
1861
1862                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
1863                         tmpComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1864                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.NotAllowed;
1865                 }
1866
1867                 $$ = new OperatorDeclaration (Operator.OpType.Implicit, (Expression) $3, (Expression) $5, (string) $6,
1868                                               null, null, lexer.Location);
1869           }
1870         | EXPLICIT OPERATOR type OPEN_PARENS type IDENTIFIER CLOSE_PARENS
1871           {
1872                 Parameter [] pars = new Parameter [1];
1873
1874                 pars [0] = new Parameter ((Expression) $5, (string) $6, Parameter.Modifier.NONE, null);
1875
1876                 current_local_parameters = new Parameters (pars, null, lexer.Location);
1877
1878                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
1879                         tmpComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1880                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.NotAllowed;
1881                 }
1882
1883                 $$ = new OperatorDeclaration (Operator.OpType.Explicit, (Expression) $3, (Expression) $5, (string) $6,
1884                                               null, null, lexer.Location);
1885           }
1886         | IMPLICIT error
1887           {
1888                 syntax_error (lexer.Location, "'operator' expected");
1889           }
1890         | EXPLICIT error
1891           {
1892                 syntax_error (lexer.Location, "'operator' expected");
1893           }
1894         ;
1895
1896 constructor_declaration
1897         : opt_attributes
1898           opt_modifiers
1899           constructor_declarator
1900           constructor_body
1901           {
1902                 Constructor c = (Constructor) $3;
1903                 c.Block = (ToplevelBlock) $4;
1904                 c.OptAttributes = (Attributes) $1;
1905                 c.ModFlags = (int) $2;
1906
1907                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1908                         c.DocComment = ConsumeStoredComment ();
1909
1910                 if (c.Name == current_container.Basename){
1911                         if ((c.ModFlags & Modifiers.STATIC) != 0){
1912                                 if ((c.ModFlags & Modifiers.Accessibility) != 0){
1913                                         Report.Error (
1914                                                 515, c.Location, String.Format (
1915                                                 "`{0}.{1}': static constructor can not have access modifiers",
1916                                                 c.Name, current_container.Name));
1917                                 }
1918
1919                                 c.ModFlags = Modifiers.Check (Constructor.AllowedModifiers, (int) $2, Modifiers.PRIVATE, c.Location);
1920
1921                                 if (c.Initializer != null){
1922                                         Report.Error (
1923                                                 514, c.Location,
1924                                                 "Static constructors can not have an explicit this or base " +
1925                                                 "constructor invocations");
1926                                 }
1927
1928                                 if (!c.Parameters.Empty){
1929                                         Report.Error (
1930                                                 132, c.Location, "Static constructors should not have parameters");
1931                                 }
1932                         } else {
1933                                 c.ModFlags = Modifiers.Check (Constructor.AllowedModifiers, (int) $2, Modifiers.PRIVATE, c.Location);
1934                         }
1935                 } else {
1936                         // We let another layer check the validity of the constructor.
1937                         //Console.WriteLine ("{0} and {1}", c.Name, current_container.Basename);
1938                 }
1939
1940                 current_container.AddConstructor (c);
1941
1942                 current_local_parameters = null;
1943                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
1944                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
1945           }
1946         ;
1947
1948 constructor_declarator
1949         : IDENTIFIER
1950           {
1951                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
1952                         tmpComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
1953                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
1954                 }
1955           }
1956           OPEN_PARENS opt_formal_parameter_list CLOSE_PARENS _mark_
1957           {
1958                 current_local_parameters = (Parameters) $4;
1959           }
1960           opt_constructor_initializer
1961           {
1962                 $$ = new Constructor (current_class, (string) $1, 0, (Parameters) $4,
1963                                       (ConstructorInitializer) $8, (Location) $6);
1964           }
1965         ;
1966
1967 constructor_body
1968         : block
1969         | SEMICOLON             { $$ = null; }
1970         ;
1971
1972 opt_constructor_initializer
1973         : /* empty */                   { $$ = null; }
1974         | constructor_initializer
1975         ;
1976
1977 constructor_initializer
1978         : COLON BASE OPEN_PARENS opt_argument_list CLOSE_PARENS
1979           {
1980                 $$ = new ConstructorBaseInitializer ((ArrayList) $4, current_local_parameters, lexer.Location);
1981           }
1982         | COLON THIS OPEN_PARENS opt_argument_list CLOSE_PARENS
1983           {
1984                 $$ = new ConstructorThisInitializer ((ArrayList) $4, current_local_parameters, lexer.Location);
1985           }
1986         | COLON error {
1987                 Report.Error (1018, lexer.Location, "Keyword this or base expected");
1988                 $$ = null;
1989           }
1990         ;
1991
1992 opt_finalizer
1993         : /* EMPTY */           { $$ = 0; }
1994         | UNSAFE                { $$ = Modifiers.UNSAFE; }
1995         | EXTERN                { $$ = Modifiers.EXTERN; }
1996         ;
1997
1998 destructor_declaration
1999         : opt_attributes opt_finalizer TILDE
2000           {
2001                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
2002                         tmpComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
2003                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.NotAllowed;
2004                 }
2005           }
2006           IDENTIFIER OPEN_PARENS CLOSE_PARENS block
2007           {
2008                 if ((string) $5 != current_container.Basename){
2009                         Report.Error (574, lexer.Location, "Name of destructor must match name of class");
2010                 } else if (current_container.Kind != Kind.Class){
2011                         Report.Error (575, lexer.Location, "Destructors are only allowed in class types");
2012                 } else {
2013                         Location l = lexer.Location;
2014
2015                         int m = (int) $2;
2016                         if (!RootContext.StdLib && current_container.Name == "System.Object")
2017                                 m |= Modifiers.PROTECTED | Modifiers.VIRTUAL;
2018                         else
2019                                 m |= Modifiers.PROTECTED | Modifiers.OVERRIDE;
2020
2021                         if ((m & Modifiers.UNSAFE) != 0){
2022                                 if (!RootContext.Unsafe){
2023                                         Report.Error (227, l,
2024                                               "Unsafe code requires the -unsafe command " +
2025                                               "line option to be specified");
2026                                 }
2027                         }
2028
2029                         Method d = new Destructor (
2030                                 current_class, TypeManager.system_void_expr, m, "Finalize",
2031                                 new Parameters (null, null, l), (Attributes) $1, l);
2032                         if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
2033                                 d.DocComment = ConsumeStoredComment ();
2034
2035                         d.Block = (ToplevelBlock) $8;
2036                         current_container.AddMethod (d);
2037                 }
2038           }
2039         ;
2040
2041 event_declaration
2042         : opt_attributes
2043           opt_modifiers
2044           EVENT type variable_declarators SEMICOLON
2045           {
2046                 foreach (VariableDeclaration var in (ArrayList) $5) {
2047
2048                         MemberName name = new MemberName (var.identifier);
2049
2050                         Event e = new EventField (
2051                                 current_class, (Expression) $4, (int) $2, false, name,
2052                                 var.expression_or_array_initializer, (Attributes) $1,
2053                                 lexer.Location);
2054
2055                         current_container.AddEvent (e);
2056
2057                         if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
2058                                 e.DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
2059                                 Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
2060                         }
2061                 }
2062           }
2063         | opt_attributes
2064           opt_modifiers
2065           EVENT type namespace_or_type_name
2066           OPEN_BRACE _mark_
2067           {
2068                 implicit_value_parameter_type = (Expression) $4;
2069                 lexer.EventParsing = true;
2070           }
2071           event_accessor_declarations
2072           {
2073                 lexer.EventParsing = false;
2074           }
2075           CLOSE_BRACE
2076           {
2077                 Location loc = (Location) $7;
2078
2079                 if ($9 == null){
2080                         Report.Error (65, lexer.Location, "Event must have both add and remove accesors");
2081                         $$ = null;
2082                 } else {
2083                         Pair pair = (Pair) $9;
2084
2085                         MemberName name = (MemberName) $5;
2086
2087                         if (name.TypeArguments != null)
2088                                 syntax_error (lexer.Location, "an event can't have type arguments");
2089
2090                         Event e = new EventProperty (
2091                                 current_class, (Expression) $4, (int) $2, false, name, null,
2092                                 (Attributes) $1, (Accessor) pair.First, (Accessor) pair.Second,
2093                                 loc);
2094                         if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
2095                                 e.DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
2096                                 Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
2097                         }
2098
2099                         current_container.AddEvent (e);
2100                         implicit_value_parameter_type = null;
2101                 }
2102           }
2103         | opt_attributes opt_modifiers EVENT type namespace_or_type_name OPEN_PARENS opt_formal_parameter_list CLOSE_PARENS block {
2104                 MemberName mn = (MemberName) $5;
2105
2106                 if (mn.Left != null)
2107                         Report.Error (71, lexer.Location, "Explicit implementation of events requires property syntax");
2108                 else
2109                         Report.Error (71, lexer.Location, "Event declaration should use property syntax");
2110
2111                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
2112                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
2113           }
2114         ;
2115
2116 event_accessor_declarations
2117         : add_accessor_declaration remove_accessor_declaration
2118         {
2119                 $$ = new Pair ($1, $2);
2120         }
2121         | remove_accessor_declaration add_accessor_declaration
2122         {
2123                 $$ = new Pair ($2, $1);
2124         }
2125         | add_accessor_declaration  { $$ = null; }
2126         | remove_accessor_declaration { $$ = null; }
2127         | error
2128         {
2129                 Report.Error (1055, lexer.Location, "An add or remove accessor expected");
2130                 $$ = null;
2131         }
2132         | { $$ = null; }
2133         ;
2134
2135 add_accessor_declaration
2136         : opt_attributes ADD
2137           {
2138                 Parameter [] args = new Parameter [1];
2139                 Parameter implicit_value_parameter = new Parameter (
2140                         implicit_value_parameter_type, "value",
2141                         Parameter.Modifier.NONE, null);
2142
2143                 args [0] = implicit_value_parameter;
2144
2145                 current_local_parameters = new Parameters (args, null, lexer.Location);
2146                 lexer.EventParsing = false;
2147           }
2148           block
2149           {
2150                 $$ = new Accessor ((ToplevelBlock) $4, 0, (Attributes) $1, lexer.Location);
2151                 lexer.EventParsing = true;
2152           }
2153         | opt_attributes ADD error {
2154                 Report.Error (73, lexer.Location, "Add or remove accessor must have a body");
2155                 $$ = null;
2156           }
2157         ;
2158
2159 remove_accessor_declaration
2160         : opt_attributes REMOVE
2161           {
2162                 Parameter [] args = new Parameter [1];
2163                 Parameter implicit_value_parameter = new Parameter (
2164                         implicit_value_parameter_type, "value",
2165                         Parameter.Modifier.NONE, null);
2166
2167                 args [0] = implicit_value_parameter;
2168
2169                 current_local_parameters = new Parameters (args, null, lexer.Location);
2170                 lexer.EventParsing = false;
2171           }
2172           block
2173           {
2174                 $$ = new Accessor ((ToplevelBlock) $4, 0, (Attributes) $1, lexer.Location);
2175                 lexer.EventParsing = true;
2176           }
2177         | opt_attributes REMOVE error {
2178                 Report.Error (73, lexer.Location, "Add or remove accessor must have a body");
2179                 $$ = null;
2180           }
2181         ;
2182
2183 indexer_declaration
2184         : opt_attributes opt_modifiers indexer_declarator
2185           OPEN_BRACE _mark_
2186           {
2187                 IndexerDeclaration decl = (IndexerDeclaration) $3;
2188
2189                 implicit_value_parameter_type = decl.type;
2190
2191                 lexer.PropertyParsing = true;
2192                 parsing_indexer  = true;
2193
2194                 indexer_parameters = decl.param_list;
2195           }
2196           accessor_declarations
2197           {
2198                   lexer.PropertyParsing = false;
2199                   parsing_indexer  = false;
2200           }
2201           CLOSE_BRACE
2202           {
2203                 // The signature is computed from the signature of the indexer.  Look
2204                 // at section 3.6 on the spec
2205                 Location loc = (Location) $5;
2206                 Indexer indexer;
2207                 IndexerDeclaration decl = (IndexerDeclaration) $3;
2208                 Pair pair = (Pair) $7;
2209                 Accessor get_block = (Accessor) pair.First;
2210                 Accessor set_block = (Accessor) pair.Second;
2211
2212                 MemberName name;
2213                 if (decl.interface_type != null)
2214                         name = new MemberName (decl.interface_type,
2215                                                TypeContainer.DefaultIndexerName, null);
2216                 else
2217                         name = new MemberName (TypeContainer.DefaultIndexerName);
2218
2219                 indexer = new Indexer (current_class, decl.type, name,
2220                                        (int) $2, false, decl.param_list, (Attributes) $1,
2221                                        get_block, set_block, loc);
2222                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
2223                         indexer.DocComment = ConsumeStoredComment ();
2224
2225                 current_container.AddIndexer (indexer);
2226
2227                 current_local_parameters = null;
2228                 implicit_value_parameter_type = null;
2229                 indexer_parameters = null;
2230           }
2231         ;
2232
2233 indexer_declarator
2234         : type THIS OPEN_BRACKET opt_formal_parameter_list CLOSE_BRACKET
2235           {
2236                 Parameters pars = (Parameters) $4;
2237                 if (pars.HasArglist) {
2238                         // "__arglist is not valid in this context"
2239                         Report.Error (1669, lexer.Location, "__arglist is not valid in this context");
2240                 } else if (pars.FixedParameters == null && pars.ArrayParameter == null){
2241                         Report.Error (1551, lexer.Location, "Indexers must have at least one parameter");
2242                 }
2243                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
2244                         tmpComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
2245                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
2246                 }
2247
2248                 $$ = new IndexerDeclaration ((Expression) $1, null, pars);
2249           }
2250         | type namespace_or_type_name DOT THIS OPEN_BRACKET opt_formal_parameter_list CLOSE_BRACKET
2251           {
2252                 Parameters pars = (Parameters) $6;
2253
2254                 if (pars.HasArglist) {
2255                         // "__arglist is not valid in this context"
2256                         Report.Error (1669, lexer.Location, "__arglist is not valid in this context");
2257                 } else if (pars.FixedParameters == null && pars.ArrayParameter == null){
2258                         Report.Error (1551, lexer.Location, "Indexers must have at least one parameter");
2259                 }
2260
2261                 MemberName name = (MemberName) $2;
2262
2263                 $$ = new IndexerDeclaration ((Expression) $1, name, pars);
2264
2265                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
2266                         tmpComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
2267                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
2268                 }
2269           }
2270         ;
2271
2272 enum_declaration
2273         : opt_attributes
2274           opt_modifiers
2275           ENUM IDENTIFIER
2276           opt_enum_base {
2277                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
2278                         enumTypeComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
2279           }
2280           enum_body
2281           opt_semicolon
2282           {
2283                 Location enum_location = lexer.Location;
2284
2285                 MemberName full_name = MakeName (new MemberName ((string) $4));
2286                 Enum e = new Enum (current_namespace, current_container, (Expression) $5, (int) $2,
2287                                    full_name, (Attributes) $1, enum_location);
2288
2289                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
2290                         e.DocComment = enumTypeComment;
2291
2292                 foreach (VariableDeclaration ev in (ArrayList) $7) {
2293                         e.AddEnumMember (ev.identifier,
2294                                          (Expression) ev.expression_or_array_initializer,
2295                                          ev.Location, ev.OptAttributes,
2296                                          ev.DocComment);
2297                 }
2298
2299                 string name = full_name.GetName ();
2300                 current_container.AddEnum (e);
2301                 RootContext.Tree.RecordDecl (name, e);
2302
2303           }
2304         ;
2305
2306 opt_enum_base
2307         : /* empty */           { $$ = TypeManager.system_int32_expr; }
2308         | COLON type            { $$ = $2;   }
2309         ;
2310
2311 enum_body
2312         : OPEN_BRACE
2313           {
2314                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
2315                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
2316           }
2317           opt_enum_member_declarations
2318           {
2319                 // here will be evaluated after CLOSE_BLACE is consumed.
2320                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
2321                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
2322           }
2323           CLOSE_BRACE
2324           {
2325                 $$ = $3;
2326           }
2327         ;
2328
2329 opt_enum_member_declarations
2330         : /* empty */                   { $$ = new ArrayList (4); }
2331         | enum_member_declarations opt_comma { $$ = $1; }
2332         ;
2333
2334 enum_member_declarations
2335         : enum_member_declaration
2336           {
2337                 ArrayList l = new ArrayList (4);
2338
2339                 l.Add ($1);
2340                 $$ = l;
2341           }
2342         | enum_member_declarations COMMA enum_member_declaration
2343           {
2344                 ArrayList l = (ArrayList) $1;
2345
2346                 l.Add ($3);
2347
2348                 $$ = l;
2349           }
2350         ;
2351
2352 enum_member_declaration
2353         : opt_attributes IDENTIFIER
2354           {
2355                 VariableDeclaration vd = new VariableDeclaration ((string) $2, null, lexer.Location, (Attributes) $1);
2356
2357                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
2358                         vd.DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
2359                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
2360                 }
2361
2362                 $$ = vd;
2363           }
2364         | opt_attributes IDENTIFIER
2365           {
2366                 $$ = lexer.Location;
2367                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
2368                         tmpComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
2369                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.NotAllowed;
2370                 }
2371           }
2372           ASSIGN expression
2373           {
2374                 VariableDeclaration vd = new VariableDeclaration ((string) $2, $5, lexer.Location, (Attributes) $1);
2375
2376                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
2377                         vd.DocComment = ConsumeStoredComment ();
2378
2379                 $$ = vd;
2380           }
2381         ;
2382
2383 delegate_declaration
2384         : opt_attributes
2385           opt_modifiers
2386           DELEGATE type member_name
2387           OPEN_PARENS opt_formal_parameter_list CLOSE_PARENS
2388           {
2389                 Location l = lexer.Location;
2390                 MemberName name = MakeName ((MemberName) $5);
2391                 Delegate del = new Delegate (current_namespace, current_container, (Expression) $4,
2392                                              (int) $2, name, (Parameters) $7, (Attributes) $1, l);
2393
2394                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
2395                         del.DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
2396                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
2397                 }
2398
2399                 current_container.AddDelegate (del);
2400                 RootContext.Tree.RecordDecl (name.GetName (true), del);
2401
2402                 current_delegate = del;
2403
2404                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = true;
2405           }
2406           opt_type_parameter_constraints_clauses
2407           {
2408                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = false;
2409           }
2410           SEMICOLON
2411           {
2412                 current_delegate.SetParameterInfo ((ArrayList) $9);
2413
2414                 current_delegate = null;
2415           }
2416         | opt_attributes
2417           opt_modifiers
2418           DELEGATE VOID member_name
2419           OPEN_PARENS opt_formal_parameter_list CLOSE_PARENS
2420           {
2421                 Location l = lexer.Location;
2422                 MemberName name = MakeName ((MemberName) $5);
2423                 Delegate del = new Delegate (
2424                         current_namespace, current_container,
2425                         TypeManager.system_void_expr, (int) $2, name,
2426                         (Parameters) $7, (Attributes) $1, l);
2427
2428                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
2429                         del.DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
2430                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
2431                 }
2432
2433                 current_container.AddDelegate (del);
2434                 RootContext.Tree.RecordDecl (name.GetName (true), del);
2435
2436                 current_delegate = del;
2437
2438                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = true;
2439           }
2440           opt_type_parameter_constraints_clauses
2441           {
2442                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = false;
2443           }
2444           SEMICOLON
2445           {
2446                 current_delegate.SetParameterInfo ((ArrayList) $9);
2447
2448                 current_delegate = null;
2449           }
2450         ;
2451
2452 namespace_or_type_name
2453         : member_name
2454         | namespace_or_type_name DOT IDENTIFIER opt_type_argument_list {
2455                 $$ = new MemberName ((MemberName) $1, (string) $3, (TypeArguments) $4);
2456           }
2457         ;
2458
2459 member_name
2460         : IDENTIFIER opt_type_argument_list {
2461                 $$ = new MemberName ((string) $1, (TypeArguments) $2);
2462           }
2463         ;
2464
2465 opt_type_argument_list
2466         : /* empty */                { $$ = null; }
2467         | OP_GENERICS_LT type_arguments OP_GENERICS_GT
2468           {
2469                 $$ = $2;
2470           }
2471         | GENERIC_DIMENSION
2472           {
2473                 $$ = new TypeArguments ((int) $1, lexer.Location);
2474           }
2475         ;
2476
2477 type_arguments
2478         : type {
2479                 TypeArguments type_args = new TypeArguments (lexer.Location);
2480                 type_args.Add ((Expression) $1);
2481                 $$ = type_args;
2482           }
2483         | type_arguments COMMA type {
2484                 TypeArguments type_args = (TypeArguments) $1;
2485                 type_args.Add ((Expression) $3);
2486                 $$ = type_args;
2487           }
2488         ;
2489
2490 /*
2491  * Before you think of adding a return_type, notice that we have been
2492  * using two rules in the places where it matters (one rule using type
2493  * and another identical one that uses VOID as the return type).  This
2494  * gets rid of a shift/reduce couple
2495  */
2496 type
2497         : namespace_or_type_name
2498           {
2499                 $$ = ((MemberName) $1).GetTypeExpression (lexer.Location);
2500           }
2501         | builtin_types
2502         | array_type
2503         | pointer_type
2504         ;
2505
2506
2507 pointer_type
2508         : type STAR
2509           {
2510                 //
2511                 // Note that here only unmanaged types are allowed but we
2512                 // can't perform checks during this phase - we do it during
2513                 // semantic analysis.
2514                 //
2515                 $$ = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, "*", lexer.Location);
2516           }
2517         | VOID STAR
2518           {
2519                 $$ = new ComposedCast (TypeManager.system_void_expr, "*", lexer.Location);
2520           }
2521         ;
2522
2523 non_expression_type
2524         : builtin_types
2525         | non_expression_type rank_specifier
2526           {
2527                 $$ = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, (string) $2, lexer.Location);
2528           }
2529         | non_expression_type STAR
2530           {
2531                 $$ = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, "*", lexer.Location);
2532           }
2533         | expression rank_specifiers
2534           {
2535                 $$ = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, (string) $2, lexer.Location);
2536           }
2537         | expression STAR
2538           {
2539                 $$ = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, "*", lexer.Location);
2540           }
2541
2542         //
2543         // We need this because the parser will happily go and reduce IDENTIFIER STAR
2544         // through this different path
2545         //
2546         | multiplicative_expression STAR
2547           {
2548                 $$ = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, "*", lexer.Location);
2549           }
2550         ;
2551
2552 type_list
2553         : type
2554           {
2555                 ArrayList types = new ArrayList (4);
2556
2557                 types.Add ($1);
2558                 $$ = types;
2559           }
2560         | type_list COMMA type
2561           {
2562                 ArrayList types = (ArrayList) $1;
2563
2564                 types.Add ($3);
2565                 $$ = types;
2566           }
2567         ;
2568
2569 /*
2570  * replaces all the productions for isolating the various
2571  * simple types, but we need this to reuse it easily in local_variable_type
2572  */
2573 builtin_types
2574         : OBJECT        { $$ = TypeManager.system_object_expr; }
2575         | STRING        { $$ = TypeManager.system_string_expr; }
2576         | BOOL          { $$ = TypeManager.system_boolean_expr; }
2577         | DECIMAL       { $$ = TypeManager.system_decimal_expr; }
2578         | FLOAT         { $$ = TypeManager.system_single_expr; }
2579         | DOUBLE        { $$ = TypeManager.system_double_expr; }
2580         | integral_type
2581         ;
2582
2583 integral_type
2584         : SBYTE         { $$ = TypeManager.system_sbyte_expr; }
2585         | BYTE          { $$ = TypeManager.system_byte_expr; }
2586         | SHORT         { $$ = TypeManager.system_int16_expr; }
2587         | USHORT        { $$ = TypeManager.system_uint16_expr; }
2588         | INT           { $$ = TypeManager.system_int32_expr; }
2589         | UINT          { $$ = TypeManager.system_uint32_expr; }
2590         | LONG          { $$ = TypeManager.system_int64_expr; }
2591         | ULONG         { $$ = TypeManager.system_uint64_expr; }
2592         | CHAR          { $$ = TypeManager.system_char_expr; }
2593         | VOID          { $$ = TypeManager.system_void_expr; }
2594         ;
2595
2596 array_type
2597         : type rank_specifiers
2598           {
2599                 $$ = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, (string) $2, lexer.Location);
2600           }
2601         ;
2602
2603 //
2604 // Expressions, section 7.5
2605 //
2606 primary_expression
2607         : literal
2608           {
2609                 // 7.5.1: Literals
2610           }
2611
2612         | member_name
2613           {
2614                 $$ = ((MemberName) $1).GetTypeExpression (lexer.Location);
2615           }
2616         | parenthesized_expression
2617         | default_value_expression
2618         | member_access
2619         | invocation_expression
2620         | element_access
2621         | this_access
2622         | base_access
2623         | post_increment_expression
2624         | post_decrement_expression
2625         | new_expression
2626         | typeof_expression
2627         | sizeof_expression
2628         | checked_expression
2629         | unchecked_expression
2630         | pointer_member_access
2631         | anonymous_method_expression
2632         ;
2633
2634 literal
2635         : boolean_literal
2636         | integer_literal
2637         | real_literal
2638         | LITERAL_CHARACTER     { $$ = new CharLiteral ((char) lexer.Value); }
2639         | LITERAL_STRING        { $$ = new StringLiteral ((string) lexer.Value); }
2640         | NULL                  { $$ = NullLiteral.Null; }
2641         ;
2642
2643 real_literal
2644         : LITERAL_FLOAT         { $$ = new FloatLiteral ((float) lexer.Value); }
2645         | LITERAL_DOUBLE        { $$ = new DoubleLiteral ((double) lexer.Value); }
2646         | LITERAL_DECIMAL       { $$ = new DecimalLiteral ((decimal) lexer.Value); }
2647         ;
2648
2649 integer_literal
2650         : LITERAL_INTEGER       {
2651                 object v = lexer.Value;
2652
2653                 if (v is int){
2654                         int i = (int) v;
2655
2656                         if (i == 0)
2657                                 $$ = IntLiteral.Zero;
2658                         else if (i == 1)
2659                                 $$ = IntLiteral.One;
2660                         else
2661                                 $$ = new IntLiteral (i);
2662                 } else if (v is uint)
2663                         $$ = new UIntLiteral ((UInt32) v);
2664                 else if (v is long)
2665                         $$ = new LongLiteral ((Int64) v);
2666                 else if (v is ulong)
2667                         $$ = new ULongLiteral ((UInt64) v);
2668                 else
2669                         Console.WriteLine ("OOPS.  Unexpected result from scanner");
2670           }
2671         ;
2672
2673 boolean_literal
2674         : TRUE                  { $$ = new BoolLiteral (true); }
2675         | FALSE                 { $$ = new BoolLiteral (false); }
2676         ;
2677
2678 parenthesized_expression_0
2679         : OPEN_PARENS expression CLOSE_PARENS
2680           {
2681                 $$ = $2;
2682                 lexer.Deambiguate_CloseParens ();
2683                 // After this, the next token returned is one of
2684                 // CLOSE_PARENS_CAST, CLOSE_PARENS_NO_CAST, CLOSE_PARENS_OPEN_PARENS
2685                 // or CLOSE_PARENS_MINUS.
2686           }
2687         ;
2688
2689 parenthesized_expression
2690         : parenthesized_expression_0 CLOSE_PARENS_NO_CAST
2691           {
2692                 $$ = $1;
2693           }
2694         | parenthesized_expression_0 CLOSE_PARENS_MINUS
2695           {
2696                 // If a parenthesized expression is followed by a minus, we need to wrap
2697                 // the expression inside a ParenthesizedExpression for the CS0075 check
2698                 // in Binary.DoResolve().
2699                 $$ = new ParenthesizedExpression ((Expression) $1, lexer.Location);
2700           }
2701         ;;
2702
2703 member_access
2704         : primary_expression DOT IDENTIFIER opt_type_argument_list
2705           {
2706                 $$ = new MemberAccess ((Expression) $1, (string) $3,
2707                                        (TypeArguments) $4, lexer.Location);
2708           }
2709         | predefined_type DOT IDENTIFIER opt_type_argument_list
2710           {
2711                 $$ = new MemberAccess ((Expression) $1, (string) $3,
2712                                        (TypeArguments) $4, lexer.Location);
2713           }
2714         ;
2715
2716 predefined_type
2717         : builtin_types
2718         ;
2719
2720 invocation_expression
2721         : primary_expression OPEN_PARENS opt_argument_list CLOSE_PARENS
2722           {
2723                 if ($1 == null) {
2724                         Location l = lexer.Location;
2725                         Report.Error (1, l, "Parse error");
2726                 }
2727                 $$ = new Invocation ((Expression) $1, (ArrayList) $3, lexer.Location);
2728           }
2729         | parenthesized_expression_0 CLOSE_PARENS_OPEN_PARENS OPEN_PARENS CLOSE_PARENS
2730           {
2731                 $$ = new Invocation ((Expression) $1, new ArrayList (), lexer.Location);
2732           }
2733         | parenthesized_expression_0 CLOSE_PARENS_OPEN_PARENS primary_expression
2734           {
2735                 $$ = new InvocationOrCast ((Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
2736           }
2737         | parenthesized_expression_0 CLOSE_PARENS_OPEN_PARENS OPEN_PARENS non_simple_argument CLOSE_PARENS
2738           {
2739                 ArrayList args = new ArrayList (1);
2740                 args.Add ($4);
2741                 $$ = new Invocation ((Expression) $1, args, lexer.Location);
2742           }
2743         | parenthesized_expression_0 CLOSE_PARENS_OPEN_PARENS OPEN_PARENS argument_list COMMA argument CLOSE_PARENS
2744           {
2745                 ArrayList args = ((ArrayList) $4);
2746                 args.Add ($6);
2747                 $$ = new Invocation ((Expression) $1, args, lexer.Location);
2748           }
2749         ;
2750
2751 opt_argument_list
2752         : /* empty */           { $$ = null; }
2753         | argument_list
2754         ;
2755
2756 argument_list
2757         : argument
2758           {
2759                 ArrayList list = new ArrayList (4);
2760                 list.Add ($1);
2761                 $$ = list;
2762           }
2763         | argument_list COMMA argument
2764           {
2765                 ArrayList list = (ArrayList) $1;
2766                 list.Add ($3);
2767                 $$ = list;
2768           }
2769         | argument_list error {
2770                 CheckToken (1026, yyToken, ", or ) expected");
2771           }
2772         ;
2773
2774 argument
2775         : expression
2776           {
2777                 $$ = new Argument ((Expression) $1, Argument.AType.Expression);
2778           }
2779         | non_simple_argument
2780           {
2781                 $$ = $1;
2782           }
2783         ;
2784
2785 non_simple_argument
2786         : REF variable_reference
2787           {
2788                 $$ = new Argument ((Expression) $2, Argument.AType.Ref);
2789           }
2790         | OUT variable_reference
2791           {
2792                 $$ = new Argument ((Expression) $2, Argument.AType.Out);
2793           }
2794         | ARGLIST OPEN_PARENS argument_list CLOSE_PARENS
2795           {
2796                 ArrayList list = (ArrayList) $3;
2797                 Argument[] args = new Argument [list.Count];
2798                 list.CopyTo (args, 0);
2799
2800                 Expression expr = new Arglist (args, lexer.Location);
2801                 $$ = new Argument (expr, Argument.AType.Expression);
2802           }
2803         | ARGLIST
2804           {
2805                 $$ = new Argument (new ArglistAccess (lexer.Location), Argument.AType.ArgList);
2806           }
2807         ;
2808
2809 variable_reference
2810         : expression { note ("section 5.4"); $$ = $1; }
2811         ;
2812
2813 element_access
2814         : primary_expression OPEN_BRACKET expression_list CLOSE_BRACKET
2815           {
2816                 $$ = new ElementAccess ((Expression) $1, (ArrayList) $3, lexer.Location);
2817           }
2818         | primary_expression rank_specifiers
2819           {
2820                 // So the super-trick is that primary_expression
2821                 // can only be either a SimpleName or a MemberAccess.
2822                 // The MemberAccess case arises when you have a fully qualified type-name like :
2823                 // Foo.Bar.Blah i;
2824                 // SimpleName is when you have
2825                 // Blah i;
2826
2827                 Expression expr = (Expression) $1;
2828                 if (expr is ComposedCast){
2829                         $$ = new ComposedCast (expr, (string) $2, lexer.Location);
2830                 } else if (!(expr is SimpleName || expr is MemberAccess || expr is ConstructedType)){
2831                         Error_ExpectingTypeName (lexer.Location, expr);
2832                         $$ = TypeManager.system_object_expr;
2833                 } else {
2834                         //
2835                         // So we extract the string corresponding to the SimpleName
2836                         // or MemberAccess
2837                         //
2838                         $$ = new ComposedCast (expr, (string) $2, lexer.Location);
2839                 }
2840           }
2841         ;
2842
2843 expression_list
2844         : expression
2845           {
2846                 ArrayList list = new ArrayList (4);
2847                 list.Add ($1);
2848                 $$ = list;
2849           }
2850         | expression_list COMMA expression
2851           {
2852                 ArrayList list = (ArrayList) $1;
2853                 list.Add ($3);
2854                 $$ = list;
2855           }
2856         ;
2857
2858 this_access
2859         : THIS
2860           {
2861                 $$ = new This (current_block, lexer.Location);
2862           }
2863         ;
2864
2865 base_access
2866         : BASE DOT IDENTIFIER
2867           {
2868                 $$ = new BaseAccess ((string) $3, lexer.Location);
2869           }
2870         | BASE OPEN_BRACKET expression_list CLOSE_BRACKET
2871           {
2872                 $$ = new BaseIndexerAccess ((ArrayList) $3, lexer.Location);
2873           }
2874         | BASE error {
2875                 Report.Error (175, lexer.Location, "Use of keyword `base' is not valid in this context");
2876                 $$ = null;
2877           }
2878         ;
2879
2880 post_increment_expression
2881         : primary_expression OP_INC
2882           {
2883                 $$ = new UnaryMutator (UnaryMutator.Mode.PostIncrement,
2884                                        (Expression) $1, lexer.Location);
2885           }
2886         ;
2887
2888 post_decrement_expression
2889         : primary_expression OP_DEC
2890           {
2891                 $$ = new UnaryMutator (UnaryMutator.Mode.PostDecrement,
2892                                        (Expression) $1, lexer.Location);
2893           }
2894         ;
2895
2896 new_expression
2897         : object_or_delegate_creation_expression
2898         | array_creation_expression
2899         ;
2900
2901 object_or_delegate_creation_expression
2902         : NEW type OPEN_PARENS opt_argument_list CLOSE_PARENS
2903           {
2904                 $$ = new New ((Expression) $2, (ArrayList) $4, lexer.Location);
2905           }
2906         ;
2907
2908 array_creation_expression
2909         : NEW type OPEN_BRACKET expression_list CLOSE_BRACKET
2910           opt_rank_specifier
2911           opt_array_initializer
2912           {
2913                 $$ = new ArrayCreation ((Expression) $2, (ArrayList) $4, (string) $6, (ArrayList) $7, lexer.Location);
2914           }
2915         | NEW type rank_specifiers array_initializer
2916           {
2917                 $$ = new ArrayCreation ((Expression) $2, (string) $3, (ArrayList) $4, lexer.Location);
2918           }
2919         | NEW error
2920           {
2921                 Report.Error (1031, lexer.Location, "Type expected");
2922                 $$ = null;
2923           }
2924         | NEW type error
2925           {
2926                 Report.Error (1526, lexer.Location, "new expression requires () or [] after type");
2927           }
2928         ;
2929
2930 opt_rank_specifier
2931         : /* empty */
2932           {
2933                   $$ = "";
2934           }
2935         | rank_specifiers
2936           {
2937                         $$ = $1;
2938           }
2939         ;
2940
2941 rank_specifiers
2942         : rank_specifier opt_rank_specifier
2943           {
2944                   $$ = (string) $2 + (string) $1;
2945           }
2946         ;
2947
2948 rank_specifier
2949         : OPEN_BRACKET opt_dim_separators CLOSE_BRACKET
2950           {
2951                 $$ = "[" + (string) $2 + "]";
2952           }
2953         ;
2954
2955 opt_dim_separators
2956         : /* empty */
2957           {
2958                 $$ = "";
2959           }
2960         | dim_separators
2961           {
2962                   $$ = $1;
2963           }
2964         ;
2965
2966 dim_separators
2967         : COMMA
2968           {
2969                 $$ = ",";
2970           }
2971         | dim_separators COMMA
2972           {
2973                 $$ = (string) $1 + ",";
2974           }
2975         ;
2976
2977 opt_array_initializer
2978         : /* empty */
2979           {
2980                 $$ = null;
2981           }
2982         | array_initializer
2983           {
2984                 $$ = $1;
2985           }
2986         ;
2987
2988 array_initializer
2989         : OPEN_BRACE CLOSE_BRACE
2990           {
2991                 ArrayList list = new ArrayList (4);
2992                 $$ = list;
2993           }
2994         | OPEN_BRACE variable_initializer_list opt_comma CLOSE_BRACE
2995           {
2996                 $$ = (ArrayList) $2;
2997           }
2998         ;
2999
3000 variable_initializer_list
3001         : variable_initializer
3002           {
3003                 ArrayList list = new ArrayList (4);
3004                 list.Add ($1);
3005                 $$ = list;
3006           }
3007         | variable_initializer_list COMMA variable_initializer
3008           {
3009                 ArrayList list = (ArrayList) $1;
3010                 list.Add ($3);
3011                 $$ = list;
3012           }
3013         ;
3014
3015 void_pointer_expression
3016         : void_pointer_expression STAR
3017           {
3018                 $$ = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, "*", lexer.Location);
3019           }
3020         | VOID STAR
3021           {
3022                 $$ = new ComposedCast (TypeManager.system_void_expr, "*", lexer.Location);;
3023           }
3024         ;
3025
3026 typeof_expression
3027         : TYPEOF OPEN_PARENS VOID CLOSE_PARENS
3028           {
3029                 $$ = new TypeOfVoid (lexer.Location);
3030           }
3031         | TYPEOF OPEN_PARENS void_pointer_expression CLOSE_PARENS
3032           {
3033                 $$ = new TypeOf ((Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3034           }
3035         | TYPEOF OPEN_PARENS
3036           {
3037                 lexer.TypeOfParsing = true;
3038           }
3039           type CLOSE_PARENS
3040           {
3041                 lexer.TypeOfParsing = false;
3042                 $$ = new TypeOf ((Expression) $4, lexer.Location);
3043           }
3044         ;
3045
3046 sizeof_expression
3047         : SIZEOF OPEN_PARENS type CLOSE_PARENS {
3048                 $$ = new SizeOf ((Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3049           }
3050         ;
3051
3052 checked_expression
3053         : CHECKED OPEN_PARENS expression CLOSE_PARENS
3054           {
3055                 $$ = new CheckedExpr ((Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3056           }
3057         ;
3058
3059 unchecked_expression
3060         : UNCHECKED OPEN_PARENS expression CLOSE_PARENS
3061           {
3062                 $$ = new UnCheckedExpr ((Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3063           }
3064         ;
3065
3066 pointer_member_access
3067         : primary_expression OP_PTR IDENTIFIER
3068           {
3069                 Expression deref;
3070
3071                 deref = new Unary (Unary.Operator.Indirection, (Expression) $1, lexer.Location);
3072                 $$ = new MemberAccess (deref, (string) $3, lexer.Location);
3073           }
3074         ;
3075
3076 anonymous_method_expression
3077         : DELEGATE opt_anonymous_method_signature _mark_
3078           {
3079                 oob_stack.Push (current_local_parameters);
3080                 current_local_parameters = (Parameters)$2;
3081
3082                 // Force the next block to be created as a ToplevelBlock
3083                 oob_stack.Push (current_block);
3084                 oob_stack.Push (top_current_block);
3085                 current_block = null;
3086           }
3087           block
3088           {
3089                 Location loc = (Location) $3;
3090                 top_current_block = (Block) oob_stack.Pop ();
3091                 current_block = (Block) oob_stack.Pop ();
3092                         if (RootContext.Version == LanguageVersion.ISO_1){
3093                                 Report.FeatureIsNotStandardized (lexer.Location, "anonymous methods");
3094                                 $$ = null;
3095                 } else  {
3096                         ToplevelBlock anon_block = (ToplevelBlock) $5;
3097
3098                         anon_block.Parent = current_block;
3099                         $$ = new AnonymousMethod ((Parameters) $2, (ToplevelBlock) top_current_block,
3100                                 anon_block, loc);
3101                 }
3102                         current_local_parameters = (Parameters) oob_stack.Pop ();
3103                 }
3104         ;
3105
3106 opt_anonymous_method_signature
3107         : /* empty */                   { $$ = null; }
3108         | anonymous_method_signature
3109         ;
3110
3111 anonymous_method_signature
3112         : OPEN_PARENS opt_anonymous_method_parameter_list CLOSE_PARENS
3113           {
3114                 if ($2 == null)
3115                         $$ = Parameters.EmptyReadOnlyParameters;
3116                 else {
3117                         ArrayList par_list = (ArrayList) $2;
3118                         Parameter [] pars = new Parameter [par_list.Count];
3119                         par_list.CopyTo (pars);
3120                         $$ = new Parameters (pars, null, lexer.Location);
3121                 }
3122           }
3123         ;
3124
3125 opt_anonymous_method_parameter_list
3126         : /* empty */   { $$ = null; }
3127         | anonymous_method_parameter_list  { $$ = $1; }
3128         ;
3129
3130 anonymous_method_parameter_list
3131         : anonymous_method_parameter
3132           {
3133                 ArrayList a = new ArrayList (4);
3134                 a.Add ($1);
3135                 $$ = a;
3136           }
3137         | anonymous_method_parameter_list COMMA anonymous_method_parameter
3138           {
3139                 ArrayList a = (ArrayList) $1;
3140                 a.Add ($3);
3141                 $$ = a;
3142           }
3143         ;
3144
3145 anonymous_method_parameter
3146         : opt_parameter_modifier type IDENTIFIER {
3147                 $$ = new Parameter ((Expression) $2, (string) $3, (Parameter.Modifier) $1, null);
3148           }
3149         | PARAMS type IDENTIFIER {
3150                 Report.Error (-221, lexer.Location, "params modifier not allowed in anonymous method declaration");
3151                 $$ = null;
3152           }
3153         ;
3154
3155 default_value_expression
3156         : DEFAULT_OPEN_PARENS type CLOSE_PARENS
3157           {
3158                 $$ = new DefaultValueExpression ((Expression) $2, lexer.Location);
3159           }
3160         ;
3161
3162 unary_expression
3163         : primary_expression
3164         | BANG prefixed_unary_expression
3165           {
3166                 $$ = new Unary (Unary.Operator.LogicalNot, (Expression) $2, lexer.Location);
3167           }
3168         | TILDE prefixed_unary_expression
3169           {
3170                 $$ = new Unary (Unary.Operator.OnesComplement, (Expression) $2, lexer.Location);
3171           }
3172         | cast_expression
3173         ;
3174
3175 cast_list
3176         : parenthesized_expression_0 CLOSE_PARENS_CAST unary_expression
3177           {
3178                 $$ = new Cast ((Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3179           }
3180         | parenthesized_expression_0 CLOSE_PARENS_OPEN_PARENS cast_expression
3181           {
3182                 $$ = new Cast ((Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3183           }
3184         ;
3185
3186 cast_expression
3187         : cast_list
3188         | OPEN_PARENS non_expression_type CLOSE_PARENS prefixed_unary_expression
3189           {
3190                 $$ = new Cast ((Expression) $2, (Expression) $4, lexer.Location);
3191           }
3192         ;
3193
3194         //
3195         // The idea to split this out is from Rhys' grammar
3196         // to solve the problem with casts.
3197         //
3198 prefixed_unary_expression
3199         : unary_expression
3200         | PLUS prefixed_unary_expression
3201           {
3202                 $$ = new Unary (Unary.Operator.UnaryPlus, (Expression) $2, lexer.Location);
3203           }
3204         | MINUS prefixed_unary_expression
3205           {
3206                 $$ = new Unary (Unary.Operator.UnaryNegation, (Expression) $2, lexer.Location);
3207           }
3208         | OP_INC prefixed_unary_expression
3209           {
3210                 $$ = new UnaryMutator (UnaryMutator.Mode.PreIncrement,
3211                                        (Expression) $2, lexer.Location);
3212           }
3213         | OP_DEC prefixed_unary_expression
3214           {
3215                 $$ = new UnaryMutator (UnaryMutator.Mode.PreDecrement,
3216                                        (Expression) $2, lexer.Location);
3217           }
3218         | STAR prefixed_unary_expression
3219           {
3220                 $$ = new Unary (Unary.Operator.Indirection, (Expression) $2, lexer.Location);
3221           }
3222         | BITWISE_AND prefixed_unary_expression
3223           {
3224                 $$ = new Unary (Unary.Operator.AddressOf, (Expression) $2, lexer.Location);
3225           }
3226         ;
3227
3228 pre_increment_expression
3229         : OP_INC prefixed_unary_expression
3230           {
3231                 $$ = new UnaryMutator (UnaryMutator.Mode.PreIncrement,
3232                                        (Expression) $2, lexer.Location);
3233           }
3234         ;
3235
3236 pre_decrement_expression
3237         : OP_DEC prefixed_unary_expression
3238           {
3239                 $$ = new UnaryMutator (UnaryMutator.Mode.PreDecrement,
3240                                        (Expression) $2, lexer.Location);
3241           }
3242         ;
3243
3244 multiplicative_expression
3245         : prefixed_unary_expression
3246         | multiplicative_expression STAR prefixed_unary_expression
3247           {
3248                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.Multiply,
3249                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3250           }
3251         | multiplicative_expression DIV prefixed_unary_expression
3252           {
3253                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.Division,
3254                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3255           }
3256         | multiplicative_expression PERCENT prefixed_unary_expression
3257           {
3258                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.Modulus,
3259                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3260           }
3261         ;
3262
3263 additive_expression
3264         : multiplicative_expression
3265         | additive_expression PLUS multiplicative_expression
3266           {
3267                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.Addition,
3268                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3269           }
3270         | additive_expression MINUS multiplicative_expression
3271           {
3272                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.Subtraction,
3273                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3274           }
3275         ;
3276
3277 shift_expression
3278         : additive_expression
3279         | shift_expression OP_SHIFT_LEFT additive_expression
3280           {
3281                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.LeftShift,
3282                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3283           }
3284         | shift_expression OP_SHIFT_RIGHT additive_expression
3285           {
3286                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.RightShift,
3287                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3288           }
3289         ;
3290
3291 relational_expression
3292         : shift_expression
3293         | relational_expression OP_LT shift_expression
3294           {
3295                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.LessThan,
3296                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3297           }
3298         | relational_expression OP_GT shift_expression
3299           {
3300                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.GreaterThan,
3301                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3302           }
3303         | relational_expression OP_LE shift_expression
3304           {
3305                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.LessThanOrEqual,
3306                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3307           }
3308         | relational_expression OP_GE shift_expression
3309           {
3310                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.GreaterThanOrEqual,
3311                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3312           }
3313         | relational_expression IS type
3314           {
3315                 $$ = new Is ((Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3316           }
3317         | relational_expression AS type
3318           {
3319                 $$ = new As ((Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3320           }
3321         ;
3322
3323 equality_expression
3324         : relational_expression
3325         | equality_expression OP_EQ relational_expression
3326           {
3327                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.Equality,
3328                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3329           }
3330         | equality_expression OP_NE relational_expression
3331           {
3332                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.Inequality,
3333                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3334           }
3335         ;
3336
3337 and_expression
3338         : equality_expression
3339         | and_expression BITWISE_AND equality_expression
3340           {
3341                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.BitwiseAnd,
3342                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3343           }
3344         ;
3345
3346 exclusive_or_expression
3347         : and_expression
3348         | exclusive_or_expression CARRET and_expression
3349           {
3350                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.ExclusiveOr,
3351                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3352           }
3353         ;
3354
3355 inclusive_or_expression
3356         : exclusive_or_expression
3357         | inclusive_or_expression BITWISE_OR exclusive_or_expression
3358           {
3359                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.BitwiseOr,
3360                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3361           }
3362         ;
3363
3364 conditional_and_expression
3365         : inclusive_or_expression
3366         | conditional_and_expression OP_AND inclusive_or_expression
3367           {
3368                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.LogicalAnd,
3369                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3370           }
3371         ;
3372
3373 conditional_or_expression
3374         : conditional_and_expression
3375         | conditional_or_expression OP_OR conditional_and_expression
3376           {
3377                 $$ = new Binary (Binary.Operator.LogicalOr,
3378                                  (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3379           }
3380         ;
3381
3382 conditional_expression
3383         : conditional_or_expression
3384         | conditional_or_expression INTERR expression COLON expression
3385           {
3386                 $$ = new Conditional ((Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, (Expression) $5, lexer.Location);
3387           }
3388         ;
3389
3390 assignment_expression
3391         : prefixed_unary_expression ASSIGN expression
3392           {
3393                 $$ = new Assign ((Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
3394           }
3395         | prefixed_unary_expression OP_MULT_ASSIGN expression
3396           {
3397                 Location l = lexer.Location;
3398
3399                 $$ = new CompoundAssign (
3400                         Binary.Operator.Multiply, (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, l);
3401           }
3402         | prefixed_unary_expression OP_DIV_ASSIGN expression
3403           {
3404                 Location l = lexer.Location;
3405
3406                 $$ = new CompoundAssign (
3407                         Binary.Operator.Division, (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, l);
3408           }
3409         | prefixed_unary_expression OP_MOD_ASSIGN expression
3410           {
3411                 Location l = lexer.Location;
3412
3413                 $$ = new CompoundAssign (
3414                         Binary.Operator.Modulus, (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, l);
3415           }
3416         | prefixed_unary_expression OP_ADD_ASSIGN expression
3417           {
3418                 Location l = lexer.Location;
3419
3420                 $$ = new CompoundAssign (
3421                         Binary.Operator.Addition, (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, l);
3422           }
3423         | prefixed_unary_expression OP_SUB_ASSIGN expression
3424           {
3425                 Location l = lexer.Location;
3426
3427                 $$ = new CompoundAssign (
3428                         Binary.Operator.Subtraction, (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, l);
3429           }
3430         | prefixed_unary_expression OP_SHIFT_LEFT_ASSIGN expression
3431           {
3432                 Location l = lexer.Location;
3433
3434                 $$ = new CompoundAssign (
3435                         Binary.Operator.LeftShift, (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, l);
3436           }
3437         | prefixed_unary_expression OP_SHIFT_RIGHT_ASSIGN expression
3438           {
3439                 Location l = lexer.Location;
3440
3441                 $$ = new CompoundAssign (
3442                         Binary.Operator.RightShift, (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, l);
3443           }
3444         | prefixed_unary_expression OP_AND_ASSIGN expression
3445           {
3446                 Location l = lexer.Location;
3447
3448                 $$ = new CompoundAssign (
3449                         Binary.Operator.BitwiseAnd, (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, l);
3450           }
3451         | prefixed_unary_expression OP_OR_ASSIGN expression
3452           {
3453                 Location l = lexer.Location;
3454
3455                 $$ = new CompoundAssign (
3456                         Binary.Operator.BitwiseOr, (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, l);
3457           }
3458         | prefixed_unary_expression OP_XOR_ASSIGN expression
3459           {
3460                 Location l = lexer.Location;
3461
3462                 $$ = new CompoundAssign (
3463                         Binary.Operator.ExclusiveOr, (Expression) $1, (Expression) $3, l);
3464           }
3465         ;
3466
3467 expression
3468         : conditional_expression
3469         | assignment_expression
3470         ;
3471
3472 constant_expression
3473         : expression
3474         ;
3475
3476 boolean_expression
3477         : expression
3478         ;
3479
3480 //
3481 // 10 classes
3482 //
3483 class_declaration
3484         : opt_attributes
3485           opt_modifiers
3486           opt_partial
3487           CLASS member_name
3488           {
3489                 MemberName name = MakeName ((MemberName) $5);
3490                 bool partial = (bool) $3;
3491                 int mod_flags = (int) $2;
3492
3493                 if (partial) {
3494                         ClassPart part = PartialContainer.CreatePart (
3495                                 current_namespace, current_container, name, mod_flags,
3496                                 (Attributes) $1, Kind.Class, lexer.Location);
3497
3498                         current_container = part.PartialContainer;
3499                         current_class = part;
3500                 } else {
3501                         if ((mod_flags & Modifiers.STATIC) != 0) {
3502                                 current_class = new StaticClass (
3503                                         current_namespace, current_container, name,
3504                                         mod_flags, (Attributes) $1, lexer.Location);
3505                         } else {
3506                                 current_class = new Class (
3507                                         current_namespace, current_container, name,
3508                                         mod_flags, (Attributes) $1, lexer.Location);
3509                         }
3510
3511                         current_container = current_class;
3512                         RootContext.Tree.RecordDecl (name.GetName (true), current_class);
3513                 }
3514
3515                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = true;
3516           }
3517           opt_class_base
3518           opt_type_parameter_constraints_clauses
3519           {
3520                 lexer.ConstraintsParsing = false;
3521
3522                 if ($7 != null) {
3523                         if (current_class.Name == "System.Object") {
3524                                 Report.Error (537, current_class.Location,
3525                                               "The class System.Object cannot have a base " +
3526                                               "class or implement an interface.");
3527                         }
3528                         current_class.Bases = (ArrayList) $7;
3529                 }
3530
3531                 current_class.SetParameterInfo ((ArrayList) $8);
3532
3533                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null) {
3534                         current_class.DocComment = Lexer.consume_doc_comment ();
3535                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
3536                 }
3537
3538                 current_class.Register ();
3539           }
3540           class_body
3541           {
3542                 if (RootContext.Documentation != null)
3543                         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
3544           }
3545           opt_semicolon
3546           {
3547                 $$ = current_class;
3548
3549                 current_container = current_container.Parent;
3550                 current_class = current_container;
3551           }
3552         ;
3553
3554 opt_partial
3555         : /* empty */
3556           { $$ = (bool) false; }
3557         | PARTIAL
3558           { $$ = (bool) true; }
3559         ;
3560
3561 opt_modifiers
3562         : /* empty */           { $$ = (int) 0; }
3563         | modifiers
3564         ;
3565
3566 modifiers
3567         : modifier
3568         | modifiers modifier
3569           {
3570                 int m1 = (int) $1;
3571                 int m2 = (int) $2;
3572
3573                 if ((m1 & m2) != 0) {
3574                         Location l = lexer.Location;
3575                         Report.Error (1004, l, "Duplicate modifier: `" + Modifiers.Name (m2) + "'");
3576                 }
3577                 $$ = (int) (m1 | m2);
3578           }
3579         ;
3580
3581 modifier
3582         : NEW                   { $$ = Modifiers.NEW; }
3583         | PUBLIC                { $$ = Modifiers.PUBLIC; }
3584         | PROTECTED             { $$ = Modifiers.PROTECTED; }
3585         | INTERNAL              { $$ = Modifiers.INTERNAL; }
3586         | PRIVATE               { $$ = Modifiers.PRIVATE; }
3587         | ABSTRACT              { $$ = Modifiers.ABSTRACT; }
3588         | SEALED                { $$ = Modifiers.SEALED; }
3589         | STATIC                { $$ = Modifiers.STATIC; }
3590         | READONLY              { $$ = Modifiers.READONLY; }
3591         | VIRTUAL               { $$ = Modifiers.VIRTUAL; }
3592         | OVERRIDE              { $$ = Modifiers.OVERRIDE; }
3593         | EXTERN                { $$ = Modifiers.EXTERN; }
3594         | VOLATILE              { $$ = Modifiers.VOLATILE; }
3595         | UNSAFE                { $$ = Modifiers.UNSAFE; }
3596         ;
3597
3598 opt_class_base
3599         : /* empty */           { $$ = null; }
3600         | class_base            { $$ = $1;   }
3601         ;
3602
3603 class_base
3604         : COLON type_list { $$ = $2; }
3605         ;
3606
3607 opt_type_parameter_constraints_clauses
3608         : /* empty */           { $$ = null; }
3609         | type_parameter_constraints_clauses
3610           { $$ = $1; }
3611         ;
3612
3613 type_parameter_constraints_clauses
3614         : type_parameter_constraints_clause {
3615                 ArrayList constraints = new ArrayList (1);
3616                 constraints.Add ($1);
3617                 $$ = constraints;
3618           }
3619         | type_parameter_constraints_clauses type_parameter_constraints_clause {
3620                 ArrayList constraints = (ArrayList) $1;
3621
3622                 constraints.Add ($2);
3623                 $$ = constraints;
3624           }
3625         ;
3626
3627 type_parameter_constraints_clause
3628         : WHERE IDENTIFIER COLON type_parameter_constraints {
3629                 $$ = new Constraints ((string) $2, (ArrayList) $4, lexer.Location);
3630           }
3631         ;
3632
3633 type_parameter_constraints
3634         : type_parameter_constraint {
3635                 ArrayList constraints = new ArrayList (1);
3636                 constraints.Add ($1);
3637                 $$ = constraints;
3638           }
3639         | type_parameter_constraints COMMA type_parameter_constraint {
3640                 ArrayList constraints = (ArrayList) $1;
3641
3642                 constraints.Add ($3);
3643                 $$ = constraints;
3644           }
3645         ;
3646
3647 type_parameter_constraint
3648         : type
3649         | NEW OPEN_PARENS CLOSE_PARENS {
3650                 $$ = SpecialConstraint.Constructor;
3651           }
3652         | CLASS {
3653                 $$ = SpecialConstraint.ReferenceType;
3654           }
3655         | STRUCT {
3656                 $$ = SpecialConstraint.ValueType;
3657           }
3658         ;
3659
3660 //
3661 // Statements (8.2)
3662 //
3663
3664 //
3665 // A block is "contained" on the following places:
3666 //      method_body
3667 //      property_declaration as part of the accessor body (get/set)
3668 //      operator_declaration
3669 //      constructor_declaration
3670 //      destructor_declaration
3671 //      event_declaration as part of add_accessor_declaration or remove_accessor_declaration
3672 //
3673 block
3674         : OPEN_BRACE
3675           {
3676                 if (current_block == null){
3677                         current_block = new ToplevelBlock ((ToplevelBlock) top_current_block, current_local_parameters, lexer.Location);
3678                         top_current_block = current_block;
3679                 } else {
3680                 current_block = new Block (current_block, current_local_parameters,
3681                                            lexer.Location, Location.Null);
3682                 }
3683           }
3684           opt_statement_list CLOSE_BRACE
3685           {
3686                 while (current_block.Implicit)
3687                         current_block = current_block.Parent;
3688                 $$ = current_block;
3689                 current_block.SetEndLocation (lexer.Location);
3690                 current_block = current_block.Parent;
3691                 if (current_block == null)
3692                         top_current_block = null;
3693           }
3694         ;
3695
3696 opt_statement_list
3697         : /* empty */
3698         | statement_list
3699         ;
3700
3701 statement_list
3702         : statement
3703         | statement_list statement
3704         ;
3705
3706 statement
3707         : declaration_statement
3708           {
3709                 if ($1 != null && (Block) $1 != current_block){
3710                         current_block.AddStatement ((Statement) $1);
3711                         current_block = (Block) $1;
3712                 }
3713           }
3714         | valid_declaration_statement
3715           {
3716                 current_block.AddStatement ((Statement) $1);
3717           }
3718         | labeled_statement
3719         ;
3720
3721 valid_declaration_statement
3722         : block
3723         | empty_statement
3724         | expression_statement
3725         | selection_statement
3726         | iteration_statement
3727         | jump_statement
3728         | try_statement
3729         | checked_statement
3730         | unchecked_statement
3731         | lock_statement
3732         | using_statement
3733         | unsafe_statement
3734         | fixed_statement
3735         ;
3736
3737 embedded_statement
3738         : valid_declaration_statement
3739         | declaration_statement
3740           {
3741                   Report.Error (1023, lexer.Location, "An embedded statement may not be a declaration.");
3742                   $$ = null;
3743           }
3744         | labeled_statement
3745           {
3746                   Report.Error (1023, lexer.Location, "An embedded statement may not be a labeled statement.");
3747                   $$ = null;
3748           }
3749         ;
3750
3751 empty_statement
3752         : SEMICOLON
3753           {
3754                   $$ = EmptyStatement.Value;
3755           }
3756         ;
3757
3758 labeled_statement
3759         : IDENTIFIER COLON
3760           {
3761                 LabeledStatement labeled = new LabeledStatement ((string) $1, lexer.Location);
3762
3763                 if (current_block.AddLabel ((string) $1, labeled, lexer.Location))
3764                         current_block.AddStatement (labeled);
3765           }
3766           statement
3767         ;
3768
3769 declaration_statement
3770         : local_variable_declaration SEMICOLON
3771           {
3772                 if ($1 != null){
3773                         DictionaryEntry de = (DictionaryEntry) $1;
3774
3775                         $$ = declare_local_variables ((Expression) de.Key, (ArrayList) de.Value, lexer.Location);
3776                 }
3777           }
3778
3779         | local_constant_declaration SEMICOLON
3780           {
3781                 if ($1 != null){
3782                         DictionaryEntry de = (DictionaryEntry) $1;
3783
3784                         $$ = declare_local_constants ((Expression) de.Key, (ArrayList) de.Value);
3785                 }
3786           }
3787         ;
3788
3789 /*
3790  * The following is from Rhys' grammar:
3791  * > Types in local variable declarations must be recognized as
3792  * > expressions to prevent reduce/reduce errors in the grammar.
3793  * > The expressions are converted into types during semantic analysis.
3794  */
3795 local_variable_type
3796         : primary_expression opt_rank_specifier
3797           {
3798                 // FIXME: Do something smart here regarding the composition of the type.
3799
3800                 // Ok, the above "primary_expression" is there to get rid of
3801                 // both reduce/reduce and shift/reduces in the grammar, it should
3802                 // really just be "type_name".  If you use type_name, a reduce/reduce
3803                 // creeps up.  If you use namespace_or_type_name (which is all we need
3804                 // really) two shift/reduces appear.
3805                 //
3806
3807                 // So the super-trick is that primary_expression
3808                 // can only be either a SimpleName or a MemberAccess.
3809                 // The MemberAccess case arises when you have a fully qualified type-name like :
3810                 // Foo.Bar.Blah i;
3811                 // SimpleName is when you have
3812                 // Blah i;
3813
3814                 Expression expr = (Expression) $1;
3815                 if (!(expr is SimpleName || expr is MemberAccess || expr is ComposedCast || expr is ConstructedType)) {
3816                         Error_ExpectingTypeName (lexer.Location, expr);
3817                         $$ = null;
3818                 } else {
3819                         //
3820                         // So we extract the string corresponding to the SimpleName
3821                         // or MemberAccess
3822                         //
3823
3824                         if ((string) $2 == "")
3825                                 $$ = $1;
3826                         else
3827                                 $$ = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, (string) $2, lexer.Location);
3828                 }
3829           }
3830         | builtin_types opt_rank_specifier
3831           {
3832                 if ((string) $2 == "")
3833                         $$ = $1;
3834                 else
3835                         $$ = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, (string) $2, lexer.Location);
3836           }
3837         ;
3838
3839 local_variable_pointer_type
3840         : primary_expression STAR
3841           {
3842                 Expression expr = (Expression) $1;
3843                 Location l = lexer.Location;
3844
3845                 if (!(expr is SimpleName || expr is MemberAccess || expr is ComposedCast || expr is ConstructedType)) {
3846                         Error_ExpectingTypeName (l, expr);
3847
3848                         $$ = null;
3849                 } else
3850                         $$ = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, "*", l);
3851           }
3852         | builtin_types STAR
3853           {
3854                 $$ = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, "*", lexer.Location);;
3855           }
3856         | VOID STAR
3857           {
3858                 $$ = new ComposedCast (TypeManager.system_void_expr, "*", lexer.Location);;
3859           }
3860         | local_variable_pointer_type STAR
3861           {
3862                 $$ = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, "*", lexer.Location);
3863           }
3864         ;
3865
3866 local_variable_declaration
3867         : local_variable_type variable_declarators
3868           {
3869                 if ($1 != null)
3870                         $$ = new DictionaryEntry ($1, $2);
3871                 else
3872                         $$ = null;
3873           }
3874         | local_variable_pointer_type opt_rank_specifier variable_declarators
3875         {
3876                 if ($1 != null){
3877                         Expression t;
3878
3879                         if ((string) $2 == "")
3880                                 t = (Expression) $1;
3881                         else
3882                                 t = new ComposedCast ((Expression) $1, (string) $2, lexer.Location);
3883                         $$ = new DictionaryEntry (t, $3);
3884                 } else
3885                         $$ = null;
3886         }
3887         ;
3888
3889 local_constant_declaration
3890         : CONST local_variable_type constant_declarators
3891           {
3892                 if ($2 != null)
3893                         $$ = new DictionaryEntry ($2, $3);
3894                 else
3895                         $$ = null;
3896           }
3897         ;
3898
3899 expression_statement
3900         : statement_expression SEMICOLON
3901           {
3902                 $$ = $1;
3903           }
3904         ;
3905
3906         //
3907         // We have to do the wrapping here and not in the case above,
3908         // because statement_expression is used for example in for_statement
3909         //
3910 statement_expression
3911         : invocation_expression         { $$ = new StatementExpression ((ExpressionStatement) $1, lexer.Location); }
3912         | object_creation_expression    { $$ = new StatementExpression ((ExpressionStatement) $1, lexer.Location); }
3913         | assignment_expression         { $$ = new StatementExpression ((ExpressionStatement) $1, lexer.Location); }
3914         | post_increment_expression     { $$ = new StatementExpression ((ExpressionStatement) $1, lexer.Location); }
3915         | post_decrement_expression     { $$ = new StatementExpression ((ExpressionStatement) $1, lexer.Location); }
3916         | pre_increment_expression      { $$ = new StatementExpression ((ExpressionStatement) $1, lexer.Location); }
3917         | pre_decrement_expression      { $$ = new StatementExpression ((ExpressionStatement) $1, lexer.Location); }
3918         | error {
3919                 Report.Error (1002, lexer.Location, "Expecting `;'");
3920                 $$ = null;
3921           }
3922         ;
3923
3924 object_creation_expression
3925         : object_or_delegate_creation_expression
3926           { note ("complain if this is a delegate maybe?"); }
3927         ;
3928
3929 selection_statement
3930         : if_statement
3931         | switch_statement
3932         ;
3933
3934 if_statement
3935         : IF OPEN_PARENS _mark_ boolean_expression CLOSE_PARENS
3936           embedded_statement
3937           {
3938                 Location l = (Location) $3;
3939
3940                 $$ = new If ((Expression) $4, (Statement) $6, l);
3941
3942                 if (RootContext.WarningLevel >= 4){
3943                         if ($6 == EmptyStatement.Value)
3944                                 Report.Warning (642, lexer.Location, "Possible mistaken empty statement");
3945                 }
3946
3947           }
3948         | IF OPEN_PARENS _mark_ boolean_expression CLOSE_PARENS
3949           embedded_statement ELSE embedded_statement
3950           {
3951                 Location l = (Location) $3;
3952
3953                 $$ = new If ((Expression) $4, (Statement) $6, (Statement) $8, l);
3954           }
3955         ;
3956
3957 switch_statement
3958         : SWITCH OPEN_PARENS _mark_
3959           {
3960                 switch_stack.Push (current_block);
3961           }
3962           expression CLOSE_PARENS
3963           switch_block
3964           {
3965                 $$ = new Switch ((Expression) $5, (ArrayList) $7, (Location) $3);
3966                 current_block = (Block) switch_stack.Pop ();
3967           }
3968         ;
3969
3970 switch_block
3971         : OPEN_BRACE
3972           opt_switch_sections
3973           CLOSE_BRACE
3974           {
3975                 $$ = $2;
3976           }
3977         ;
3978
3979 opt_switch_sections
3980         : /* empty */
3981           {
3982                 Report.Error (1522, lexer.Location, "Empty switch block");
3983           }
3984         | switch_sections
3985         ;
3986
3987 switch_sections
3988         : switch_section
3989           {
3990                 ArrayList sections = new ArrayList (4);
3991
3992                 sections.Add ($1);
3993                 $$ = sections;
3994           }
3995         | switch_sections switch_section
3996           {
3997                 ArrayList sections = (ArrayList) $1;
3998
3999                 sections.Add ($2);
4000                 $$ = sections;
4001           }
4002         ;
4003
4004 switch_section
4005         : switch_labels
4006           {
4007                 current_block = current_block.CreateSwitchBlock (lexer.Location);
4008           }
4009           statement_list
4010           {
4011                 Block topmost = current_block;
4012
4013                 while (topmost.Implicit)
4014                         topmost = topmost.Parent;
4015                 $$ = new SwitchSection ((ArrayList) $1, topmost);
4016           }
4017         ;
4018
4019 switch_labels
4020         : switch_label
4021           {
4022                 ArrayList labels = new ArrayList (4);
4023
4024                 labels.Add ($1);
4025                 $$ = labels;
4026           }
4027         | switch_labels switch_label
4028           {
4029                 ArrayList labels = (ArrayList) ($1);
4030                 labels.Add ($2);
4031
4032                 $$ = labels;
4033           }
4034         ;
4035
4036 switch_label
4037         : CASE constant_expression COLON        { $$ = new SwitchLabel ((Expression) $2, lexer.Location); }
4038         | DEFAULT COLON                         { $$ = new SwitchLabel (null, lexer.Location); }
4039         | error {
4040                 Report.Error (
4041                         1523, lexer.Location,
4042                         "The keyword case or default must precede code in switch block");
4043           }
4044         ;
4045
4046 iteration_statement
4047         : while_statement
4048         | do_statement
4049         | for_statement
4050         | foreach_statement
4051         ;
4052
4053 while_statement
4054         : WHILE OPEN_PARENS _mark_ boolean_expression CLOSE_PARENS embedded_statement
4055         {
4056                 Location l = (Location) $3;
4057                 $$ = new While ((Expression) $4, (Statement) $6, l);
4058
4059                 if (RootContext.WarningLevel >= 4){
4060                         if ($6 == EmptyStatement.Value)
4061                                 Report.Warning (642, lexer.Location, "Possible mistaken empty statement");
4062                 }
4063         }
4064         ;
4065
4066 do_statement
4067         : DO embedded_statement
4068           WHILE OPEN_PARENS _mark_ boolean_expression CLOSE_PARENS SEMICOLON
4069           {
4070                 Location l = (Location) $5;
4071
4072                 $$ = new Do ((Statement) $2, (Expression) $6, l);
4073           }
4074         ;
4075
4076 for_statement
4077         : FOR OPEN_PARENS
4078           opt_for_initializer SEMICOLON _mark_
4079           {
4080                 Block assign_block = new Block (current_block);
4081                 current_block = assign_block;
4082
4083                 if ($3 is DictionaryEntry){
4084                         DictionaryEntry de = (DictionaryEntry) $3;
4085
4086                         Expression type = (Expression) de.Key;
4087                         ArrayList var_declarators = (ArrayList) de.Value;
4088
4089                         foreach (VariableDeclaration decl in var_declarators){
4090
4091                                 LocalInfo vi;
4092
4093                                 vi = current_block.AddVariable (
4094                                         type, decl.identifier, current_local_parameters, decl.Location);
4095                                 if (vi == null)
4096                                         continue;
4097
4098                                 Location l = lexer.Location;
4099                                 Expression expr;
4100                                 if (decl.expression_or_array_initializer is Expression){
4101                                         expr = (Expression) decl.expression_or_array_initializer;
4102                                 } else if (decl.expression_or_array_initializer == null) {
4103                                         expr = null;
4104                                 } else {
4105                                         ArrayList init = (ArrayList) decl.expression_or_array_initializer;
4106                                         expr = new ArrayCreation (type, "", init, decl.Location);
4107                                 }
4108
4109                                 LocalVariableReference var;
4110                                 var = new LocalVariableReference (assign_block, decl.identifier, l);
4111
4112                                 if (expr != null) {
4113                                         Assign a = new Assign (var, expr, decl.Location);
4114
4115                                         assign_block.AddStatement (new StatementExpression (a, lexer.Location));
4116                                 }
4117                         }
4118
4119                         // Note: the $$ below refers to the value of this code block, not of the LHS non-terminal.
4120                         // This can be referred to as $6 below.
4121                         $$ = null;
4122                 } else {
4123                         $$ = $3;
4124                 }
4125           }
4126           opt_for_condition SEMICOLON
4127           opt_for_iterator CLOSE_PARENS
4128           embedded_statement
4129           {
4130                 Location l = (Location) $5;
4131
4132                 For f = new For ((Statement) $6, (Expression) $7, (Statement) $9, (Statement) $11, l);
4133
4134                 if (RootContext.WarningLevel >= 4){
4135                         if ($11 == EmptyStatement.Value)
4136                                 Report.Warning (642, lexer.Location, "Possible mistaken empty statement");
4137                 }
4138
4139                 current_block.AddStatement (f);
4140                 while (current_block.Implicit)
4141                         current_block = current_block.Parent;
4142                 $$ = current_block;
4143                 current_block = current_block.Parent;
4144           }
4145         ;
4146
4147 opt_for_initializer
4148         : /* empty */           { $$ = EmptyStatement.Value; }
4149         | for_initializer
4150         ;
4151
4152 for_initializer
4153         : local_variable_declaration
4154         | statement_expression_list
4155         ;
4156
4157 opt_for_condition
4158         : /* empty */           { $$ = null; }
4159         | boolean_expression
4160         ;
4161
4162 opt_for_iterator
4163         : /* empty */           { $$ = EmptyStatement.Value; }
4164         | for_iterator
4165         ;
4166
4167 for_iterator
4168         : statement_expression_list
4169         ;
4170
4171 statement_expression_list
4172         : statement_expression
4173           {
4174                 // CHANGE: was `null'
4175                 Block b = new Block (current_block, Block.Flags.Implicit);
4176
4177                 b.AddStatement ((Statement) $1);
4178                 $$ = b;
4179           }
4180         | statement_expression_list COMMA statement_expression
4181           {
4182                 Block b = (Block) $1;
4183
4184                 b.AddStatement ((Statement) $3);
4185                 $$ = $1;
4186           }
4187         ;
4188
4189 foreach_statement
4190         : FOREACH OPEN_PARENS type IN expression CLOSE_PARENS
4191         {
4192                 Report.Error (230, lexer.Location, "Type and identifier are both required in a foreach statement");
4193                 $$ = null;
4194         }
4195         | FOREACH OPEN_PARENS type IDENTIFIER IN _mark_
4196           expression CLOSE_PARENS
4197           {
4198                 Block foreach_block = new Block (current_block);
4199                 current_block = foreach_block;
4200
4201                 Location l = lexer.Location;
4202                 LocalInfo vi;
4203
4204                 vi = foreach_block.AddVariable ((Expression) $3, (string) $4, current_local_parameters, l);
4205                 if (vi != null) {
4206                         vi.ReadOnly = true;
4207
4208                         // Get a writable reference to this read-only variable.
4209                         //
4210                         // Note that the $$ here refers to the value of _this_ code block,
4211                         // not the value of the LHS non-terminal.  This can be referred to as $9 below.
4212                         $$ = new LocalVariableReference (foreach_block, (string) $4, l, vi, false);
4213                 } else {
4214                         $$ = null;
4215                 }
4216           }
4217           embedded_statement
4218           {
4219                 LocalVariableReference v = (LocalVariableReference) $9;
4220                 Location l = (Location) $6;
4221
4222                 if (v != null) {
4223                         Foreach f = new Foreach ((Expression) $3, v, (Expression) $7, (Statement) $10, l);
4224                         current_block.AddStatement (f);
4225                 }
4226
4227                 while (current_block.Implicit)
4228                           current_block = current_block.Parent;
4229                 $$ = current_block;
4230                 current_block = current_block.Parent;
4231           }
4232         ;
4233
4234 jump_statement
4235         : break_statement
4236         | continue_statement
4237         | goto_statement
4238         | return_statement
4239         | throw_statement
4240         | yield_statement
4241         ;
4242
4243 break_statement
4244         : BREAK SEMICOLON
4245           {
4246                 $$ = new Break (lexer.Location);
4247           }
4248         ;
4249
4250 continue_statement
4251         : CONTINUE SEMICOLON
4252           {
4253                 $$ = new Continue (lexer.Location);
4254           }
4255         ;
4256
4257 goto_statement
4258         : GOTO IDENTIFIER SEMICOLON
4259           {
4260                 $$ = new Goto (current_block, (string) $2, lexer.Location);
4261           }
4262         | GOTO CASE constant_expression SEMICOLON
4263           {
4264                 $$ = new GotoCase ((Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
4265           }
4266         | GOTO DEFAULT SEMICOLON
4267           {
4268                 $$ = new GotoDefault (lexer.Location);
4269           }
4270         ;
4271
4272 return_statement
4273         : RETURN opt_expression SEMICOLON
4274           {
4275                 $$ = new Return ((Expression) $2, lexer.Location);
4276           }
4277         ;
4278
4279 throw_statement
4280         : THROW opt_expression SEMICOLON
4281           {
4282                 $$ = new Throw ((Expression) $2, lexer.Location);
4283           }
4284         ;
4285
4286 yield_statement
4287         : IDENTIFIER RETURN expression SEMICOLON
4288           {
4289                 string s = (string) $1;
4290                 if (s != "yield"){
4291                         Report.Error (1003, lexer.Location, "; expected");
4292                         $$ = null;
4293                 }
4294                 if (RootContext.Version == LanguageVersion.ISO_1){
4295                         Report.FeatureIsNotStandardized (lexer.Location, "yield statement");
4296                         $$ = null;
4297                 }
4298                 if (iterator_container == null){
4299                         Report.Error (204, lexer.Location, "yield statement can only be used within a method, operator or property");
4300                         $$ = null;
4301                 } else {
4302                         iterator_container.SetYields ();
4303                         $$ = new Yield ((Expression) $3, lexer.Location);
4304                 }
4305           }
4306         | IDENTIFIER BREAK SEMICOLON
4307           {
4308                 string s = (string) $1;
4309                 if (s != "yield"){
4310                         Report.Error (1003, lexer.Location, "; expected");
4311                         $$ = null;
4312                 }
4313                 if (RootContext.Version == LanguageVersion.ISO_1){
4314                         Report.FeatureIsNotStandardized (lexer.Location, "yield statement");
4315                         $$ = null;
4316                 }
4317                 if (iterator_container == null){
4318                         Report.Error (204, lexer.Location, "yield statement can only be used within a method, operator or property");
4319                         $$ = null;
4320                 } else {
4321                         iterator_container.SetYields ();
4322                         $$ = new YieldBreak (lexer.Location);
4323                 }
4324           }
4325         ;
4326
4327 opt_expression
4328         : /* empty */
4329         | expression
4330         ;
4331
4332 try_statement
4333         : TRY block catch_clauses
4334         {
4335                 Catch g = null;
4336
4337                 ArrayList c = (ArrayList)$3;
4338                 for (int i = 0; i < c.Count; ++i) {
4339                         Catch cc = (Catch) c [i];
4340                         if (cc.IsGeneral) {
4341                                 if (i != c.Count - 1)
4342                                         Report.Error (1017, cc.loc, "Empty catch block must be the last in a series of catch blocks");
4343                                 g = cc;
4344                                 c.RemoveAt (i);
4345                                 i--;
4346                         }
4347                 }
4348
4349                 // Now s contains the list of specific catch clauses
4350                 // and g contains the general one.
4351
4352                 $$ = new Try ((Block) $2, c, g, null, ((Block) $2).loc);
4353         }
4354         | TRY block opt_catch_clauses FINALLY block
4355           {
4356                 Catch g = null;
4357                 ArrayList s = new ArrayList (4);
4358                 ArrayList catch_list = (ArrayList) $3;
4359
4360                 if (catch_list != null){
4361                         foreach (Catch cc in catch_list) {
4362                                 if (cc.IsGeneral)
4363                                         g = cc;
4364                                 else
4365                                         s.Add (cc);
4366                         }
4367                 }
4368
4369                 $$ = new Try ((Block) $2, s, g, (Block) $5, ((Block) $2).loc);
4370           }
4371         | TRY block error
4372           {
4373                 Report.Error (1524, lexer.Location, "Expected catch or finally");
4374           }
4375         ;
4376
4377 opt_catch_clauses
4378         : /* empty */  { $$ = null; }
4379         | catch_clauses
4380         ;
4381
4382 catch_clauses
4383         : catch_clause
4384           {
4385                 ArrayList l = new ArrayList (4);
4386
4387                 l.Add ($1);
4388                 $$ = l;
4389           }
4390         | catch_clauses catch_clause
4391           {
4392                 ArrayList l = (ArrayList) $1;
4393
4394                 l.Add ($2);
4395                 $$ = l;
4396           }
4397         ;
4398
4399 opt_identifier
4400         : /* empty */   { $$ = null; }
4401         | IDENTIFIER
4402         ;
4403
4404 catch_clause
4405         : CATCH opt_catch_args
4406         {
4407                 Expression type = null;
4408                 string id = null;
4409
4410                 if ($2 != null) {
4411                         DictionaryEntry cc = (DictionaryEntry) $2;
4412                         type = (Expression) cc.Key;
4413                         id   = (string) cc.Value;
4414
4415                         if (id != null){
4416                                 ArrayList one = new ArrayList (4);
4417                                 Location loc = lexer.Location;
4418
4419                                 one.Add (new VariableDeclaration (id, null, loc));
4420
4421                                 current_block = new Block (current_block);
4422                                 Block b = declare_local_variables (type, one, loc);
4423                                 current_block = b;
4424                         }
4425                 }
4426         } block {
4427                 Expression type = null;
4428                 string id = null;
4429
4430                 if ($2 != null){
4431                         DictionaryEntry cc = (DictionaryEntry) $2;
4432                         type = (Expression) cc.Key;
4433                         id   = (string) cc.Value;
4434
4435                         if (id != null){
4436                                 while (current_block.Implicit)
4437                                         current_block = current_block.Parent;
4438                                 current_block = current_block.Parent;
4439                         }
4440                 }
4441
4442                 $$ = new Catch (type, id, (Block) $4, ((Block) $4).loc);
4443         }
4444         ;
4445
4446 opt_catch_args
4447         : /* empty */ { $$ = null; }
4448         | catch_args
4449         ;
4450
4451 catch_args
4452         : OPEN_PARENS type opt_identifier CLOSE_PARENS
4453         {
4454                 $$ = new DictionaryEntry ($2, $3);
4455         }
4456         ;
4457
4458 checked_statement
4459         : CHECKED block
4460           {
4461                 $$ = new Checked ((Block) $2);
4462           }
4463         ;
4464
4465 unchecked_statement
4466         : UNCHECKED block
4467           {
4468                 $$ = new Unchecked ((Block) $2);
4469           }
4470         ;
4471
4472 unsafe_statement
4473         : UNSAFE
4474         {
4475                 if (!RootContext.Unsafe){
4476                         Report.Error (227, lexer.Location,
4477                                 "Unsafe code can only be used if --unsafe is used");
4478                 }
4479         } block {
4480                 $$ = new Unsafe ((Block) $3);
4481         }
4482         ;
4483
4484 fixed_statement
4485         : FIXED OPEN_PARENS
4486           type fixed_pointer_declarators
4487           CLOSE_PARENS _mark_
4488           {
4489                 ArrayList list = (ArrayList) $4;
4490                 Expression type = (Expression) $3;
4491                 Location l = lexer.Location;
4492                 int top = list.Count;
4493
4494                 Block assign_block = new Block (current_block);
4495                 current_block = assign_block;
4496
4497                 for (int i = 0; i < top; i++){
4498                         Pair p = (Pair) list [i];
4499                         LocalInfo v;
4500
4501                         v = current_block.AddVariable (type, (string) p.First,current_local_parameters, l);
4502                         if (v == null)
4503                                 continue;
4504
4505                         v.ReadOnly = true;
4506                         v.Pinned = true;
4507                         p.First = v;
4508                         list [i] = p;
4509                 }
4510           }
4511           embedded_statement
4512           {
4513                 Location l = (Location) $6;
4514
4515                 Fixed f = new Fixed ((Expression) $3, (ArrayList) $4, (Statement) $8, l);
4516
4517                 if (RootContext.WarningLevel >= 4){
4518                         if ($8 == EmptyStatement.Value)
4519                                 Report.Warning (642, lexer.Location, "Possible mistaken empty statement");
4520                 }
4521
4522                 current_block.AddStatement (f);
4523                 while (current_block.Implicit)
4524                         current_block = current_block.Parent;
4525                 $$ = current_block;
4526                 current_block = current_block.Parent;
4527           }
4528         ;
4529
4530 fixed_pointer_declarators
4531         : fixed_pointer_declarator      {
4532                 ArrayList declarators = new ArrayList (4);
4533                 if ($1 != null)
4534                         declarators.Add ($1);
4535                 $$ = declarators;
4536           }
4537         | fixed_pointer_declarators COMMA fixed_pointer_declarator
4538           {
4539                 ArrayList declarators = (ArrayList) $1;
4540                 if ($3 != null)
4541                         declarators.Add ($3);
4542                 $$ = declarators;
4543           }
4544         ;
4545
4546 fixed_pointer_declarator
4547         : IDENTIFIER ASSIGN expression
4548           {
4549                 $$ = new Pair ($1, $3);
4550           }
4551         | IDENTIFIER
4552           {
4553                 Report.Error (210, lexer.Location, "You must provide an initializer in a fixed or using statement declaration");
4554                 $$ = null;
4555           }
4556         ;
4557
4558 lock_statement
4559         : LOCK OPEN_PARENS expression CLOSE_PARENS
4560           {
4561                 //
4562           }
4563           embedded_statement
4564           {
4565                 $$ = new Lock ((Expression) $3, (Statement) $6, lexer.Location);
4566           }
4567         ;
4568
4569 using_statement
4570         : USING OPEN_PARENS resource_acquisition CLOSE_PARENS _mark_
4571           {
4572                 Block assign_block = new Block (current_block);
4573                 current_block = assign_block;
4574
4575                 if ($3 is DictionaryEntry){
4576                         DictionaryEntry de = (DictionaryEntry) $3;
4577                         Location l = lexer.Location;
4578
4579                         Expression type = (Expression) de.Key;
4580                         ArrayList var_declarators = (ArrayList) de.Value;
4581
4582                         ArrayList vars = new ArrayList (4);
4583
4584                         foreach (VariableDeclaration decl in var_declarators){
4585
4586                                 LocalInfo vi    = current_block.AddVariable (
4587                                         type, decl.identifier,
4588                                         current_local_parameters, decl.Location);
4589                                 if (vi == null)
4590                                         continue;
4591                                 vi.ReadOnly = true;
4592
4593                                 Expression expr;
4594                                 if (decl.expression_or_array_initializer is Expression){
4595                                         expr = (Expression) decl.expression_or_array_initializer;
4596                                 } else {
4597                                         ArrayList init = (ArrayList) decl.expression_or_array_initializer;
4598                                         if (init == null) {
4599                                                 Report.Error (210, l, "You must provide an initializer in a fixed or using statement declaration");
4600                                         }
4601
4602                                         expr = new ArrayCreation (type, "", init, decl.Location);
4603                                 }
4604
4605                                 LocalVariableReference var;
4606
4607                                 // Get a writable reference to this read-only variable.
4608                                 var = new LocalVariableReference (assign_block, decl.identifier, l, vi, false);
4609
4610                                 // This is so that it is not a warning on using variables
4611                                 vi.Used = true;
4612
4613                                 vars.Add (new DictionaryEntry (var, expr));
4614
4615                                 // Assign a = new Assign (var, expr, decl.Location);
4616                                 // assign_block.AddStatement (new StatementExpression (a, lexer.Location));
4617                         }
4618
4619                         // Note: the $$ here refers to the value of this code block and not of the LHS non-terminal.
4620                         // It can be referred to as $6 below.
4621                         $$ = new DictionaryEntry (type, vars);
4622                  } else {
4623                         $$ = $3;
4624                  }
4625           }
4626           embedded_statement
4627           {
4628                 Using u = new Using ($6, (Statement) $7, (Location) $5);
4629                 current_block.AddStatement (u);
4630                 while (current_block.Implicit)
4631                         current_block = current_block.Parent;
4632                 $$ = current_block;
4633                 current_block = current_block.Parent;
4634           }
4635         ;
4636
4637 resource_acquisition
4638         : local_variable_declaration
4639         | expression
4640         ;
4641
4642 // Utility rule to save location information
4643 _mark_
4644         : /* empty */
4645         { $$ = lexer.Location; }
4646
4647 %%
4648
4649 // <summary>
4650 //   A class used to pass around variable declarations and constants
4651 // </summary>
4652 public class VariableDeclaration {
4653         public string identifier;
4654         public object expression_or_array_initializer;
4655         public Location Location;
4656         public Attributes OptAttributes;
4657         public string DocComment;
4658
4659         public VariableDeclaration (string id, object eoai, Location l, Attributes opt_attrs)
4660         {
4661                 this.identifier = id;
4662                 this.expression_or_array_initializer = eoai;
4663                 this.Location = l;
4664                 this.OptAttributes = opt_attrs;
4665         }
4666
4667         public VariableDeclaration (string id, object eoai, Location l) : this (id, eoai, l, null)
4668         {
4669         }
4670 }
4671
4672 /// <summary>
4673 ///  Used to pass around interface property information
4674 /// </summary>
4675 public class InterfaceAccessorInfo {
4676
4677         public readonly Accessor Get, Set;
4678
4679         public InterfaceAccessorInfo (bool has_get, bool has_set,
4680                                       Attributes get_attrs, Attributes set_attrs, int get_mod, int set_mod, Location get_loc, Location set_loc)
4681         {
4682                 if (get_mod != 0)
4683                         Report.Error (275, get_loc, "Accessibility modifiers can not be used on accessors in interfaces");
4684                 if (set_mod != 0)
4685                         Report.Error (275, set_loc, "Accessibility modifiers can not be used on accessors in interfaces");
4686
4687                 if (has_get)
4688                         Get = new Accessor (null, 0, get_attrs, get_loc);
4689                 if (has_set)
4690                         Set = new Accessor (null, 0, set_attrs, set_loc);
4691         }
4692
4693 }
4694
4695
4696 // <summary>
4697 //   A class used to hold info about an indexer declarator
4698 // </summary>
4699 public class IndexerDeclaration {
4700         public Expression type;
4701         public MemberName interface_type;
4702         public Parameters param_list;
4703
4704         public IndexerDeclaration (Expression type, MemberName interface_type,
4705                                    Parameters param_list)
4706         {
4707                 this.type = type;
4708                 this.interface_type = interface_type;
4709                 this.param_list = param_list;
4710         }
4711 }
4712
4713 //
4714 // We use this when we do not have an object in advance that is an IIteratorContainer
4715 //
4716 public class SimpleIteratorContainer : IIteratorContainer {
4717         public bool Yields;
4718
4719         public static SimpleIteratorContainer Simple = new SimpleIteratorContainer ();
4720
4721         //
4722         // Reset and return
4723         //
4724         public static SimpleIteratorContainer GetSimple () {
4725                 Simple.Yields = false;
4726                 return Simple;
4727         }
4728
4729         public void SetYields () { Yields = true; }
4730 }
4731
4732 // <summary>
4733 //  A class used to hold info about an operator declarator
4734 // </summary>
4735 public class OperatorDeclaration {
4736         public Operator.OpType optype;
4737         public Expression ret_type, arg1type, arg2type;
4738         public string arg1name, arg2name;
4739         public Location location;
4740
4741         public OperatorDeclaration (Operator.OpType op, Expression ret_type,
4742                                     Expression arg1type, string arg1name,
4743                                     Expression arg2type, string arg2name, Location location)
4744         {
4745                 optype = op;
4746                 this.ret_type = ret_type;
4747                 this.arg1type = arg1type;
4748                 this.arg1name = arg1name;
4749                 this.arg2type = arg2type;
4750                 this.arg2name = arg2name;
4751                 this.location = location;
4752         }
4753
4754 }
4755
4756 void Error_ExpectingTypeName (Location l, Expression expr)
4757 {
4758         if (expr is Invocation){
4759                 Report.Error (1002, l, "; expected");
4760         } else {
4761                 Report.Error (-1, l, "Invalid Type definition");
4762         }
4763 }
4764
4765 // <summary>
4766 //   Given the @class_name name, it creates a fully qualified name
4767 //   based on the containing declaration space
4768 // </summary>
4769 MemberName
4770 MakeName (MemberName class_name)
4771 {
4772         string ns = current_namespace.FullName;
4773
4774         if (current_container.Name == ""){
4775                 if (ns != "")
4776                         return new MemberName (new MemberName (ns), class_name);
4777                 else
4778                         return class_name;
4779         } else {
4780                 return new MemberName (current_container.MemberName, class_name);
4781         }
4782 }
4783
4784 Block declare_local_variables (Expression type, ArrayList variable_declarators, Location loc)
4785 {
4786         Block implicit_block;
4787         ArrayList inits = null;
4788
4789         //
4790         // We use the `Used' property to check whether statements
4791         // have been added to the current block.  If so, we need
4792         // to create another block to contain the new declaration
4793         // otherwise, as an optimization, we use the same block to
4794         // add the declaration.
4795         //
4796         // FIXME: A further optimization is to check if the statements
4797         // that were added were added as part of the initialization
4798         // below.  In which case, no other statements have been executed
4799         // and we might be able to reduce the number of blocks for
4800         // situations like this:
4801         //
4802         // int j = 1;  int k = j + 1;
4803         //
4804         if (current_block.Used)
4805                 implicit_block = new Block (current_block, Block.Flags.Implicit, loc, Location.Null);
4806         else
4807                 implicit_block = current_block;
4808
4809         foreach (VariableDeclaration decl in variable_declarators){
4810
4811                 if (implicit_block.AddVariable (type, decl.identifier, current_local_parameters, decl.Location) != null) {
4812                         if (decl.expression_or_array_initializer != null){
4813                                 if (inits == null)
4814                                         inits = new ArrayList (4);
4815                                 inits.Add (decl);
4816                         }
4817                 }
4818         }
4819
4820         if (inits == null)
4821                 return implicit_block;
4822
4823         foreach (VariableDeclaration decl in inits){
4824                 Assign assign;
4825                 Expression expr;
4826
4827                 if (decl.expression_or_array_initializer is Expression){
4828                         expr = (Expression) decl.expression_or_array_initializer;
4829
4830                 } else {
4831                         ArrayList init = (ArrayList) decl.expression_or_array_initializer;
4832
4833                         expr = new ArrayCreation (type, "", init, decl.Location);
4834                 }
4835
4836                 LocalVariableReference var;
4837                 var = new LocalVariableReference (implicit_block, decl.identifier, loc);
4838
4839                 assign = new Assign (var, expr, decl.Location);
4840
4841                 implicit_block.AddStatement (new StatementExpression (assign, lexer.Location));
4842         }
4843
4844         return implicit_block;
4845 }
4846
4847 Block declare_local_constants (Expression type, ArrayList declarators)
4848 {
4849         Block implicit_block;
4850
4851         if (current_block.Used)
4852                 implicit_block = new Block (current_block, Block.Flags.Implicit);
4853         else
4854                 implicit_block = current_block;
4855
4856         foreach (VariableDeclaration decl in declarators){
4857                 implicit_block.AddConstant (type, decl.identifier, (Expression) decl.expression_or_array_initializer,
4858                                                   current_local_parameters, decl.Location);
4859         }
4860
4861         return implicit_block;
4862 }
4863
4864 void CheckAttributeTarget (string a)
4865 {
4866         switch (a) {
4867
4868         case "assembly" : case "module" : case "field" : case "method" : case "param" : case "property" : case "type" :
4869                 return;
4870
4871         default :
4872                 Location l = lexer.Location;
4873                 Report.Error (658, l, "`" + a + "' is an invalid attribute target");
4874                 break;
4875         }
4876
4877 }
4878
4879 void CheckUnaryOperator (Operator.OpType op)
4880 {
4881         switch (op) {
4882
4883         case Operator.OpType.LogicalNot:
4884         case Operator.OpType.OnesComplement:
4885         case Operator.OpType.Increment:
4886         case Operator.OpType.Decrement:
4887         case Operator.OpType.True:
4888         case Operator.OpType.False:
4889         case Operator.OpType.Addition:
4890         case Operator.OpType.Subtraction:
4891
4892                 break;
4893
4894         default :
4895                 Location l = lexer.Location;
4896                 Report.Error (1019, l, "Overloadable unary operator expected");
4897                 break;
4898
4899         }
4900 }
4901
4902 void CheckBinaryOperator (Operator.OpType op)
4903 {
4904         switch (op) {
4905
4906         case Operator.OpType.Addition:
4907         case Operator.OpType.Subtraction:
4908         case Operator.OpType.Multiply:
4909         case Operator.OpType.Division:
4910         case Operator.OpType.Modulus:
4911         case Operator.OpType.BitwiseAnd:
4912         case Operator.OpType.BitwiseOr:
4913         case Operator.OpType.ExclusiveOr:
4914         case Operator.OpType.LeftShift:
4915         case Operator.OpType.RightShift:
4916         case Operator.OpType.Equality:
4917         case Operator.OpType.Inequality:
4918         case Operator.OpType.GreaterThan:
4919         case Operator.OpType.LessThan:
4920         case Operator.OpType.GreaterThanOrEqual:
4921         case Operator.OpType.LessThanOrEqual:
4922                 break;
4923
4924         default :
4925                 Location l = lexer.Location;
4926                 Report.Error (1020, l, "Overloadable binary operator expected");
4927                 break;
4928         }
4929
4930 }
4931
4932 void syntax_error (Location l, string msg)
4933 {
4934         Report.Error (1003, l, "Syntax error, " + msg);
4935 }
4936
4937 void output (string s)
4938 {
4939         Console.WriteLine (s);
4940 }
4941
4942 void note (string s)
4943 {
4944         // Used to put annotations
4945 }
4946
4947 Tokenizer lexer;
4948
4949 public Tokenizer Lexer {
4950         get {
4951                 return lexer;
4952         }
4953 }
4954
4955 public CSharpParser (SeekableStreamReader reader, SourceFile file, ArrayList defines)
4956 {
4957         current_namespace = new NamespaceEntry (null, file, null, Location.Null);
4958         this.name = file.Name;
4959         this.file = file;
4960         current_container = RootContext.Tree.Types;
4961         current_container.NamespaceEntry = current_namespace;
4962         oob_stack = new Stack ();
4963         switch_stack = new Stack ();
4964
4965         lexer = new Tokenizer (reader, file, defines);
4966 }
4967
4968 public void parse ()
4969 {
4970         try {
4971                 if (yacc_verbose_flag > 1)
4972                         yyparse (lexer, new yydebug.yyDebugSimple ());
4973                 else
4974                         yyparse (lexer);
4975                 Tokenizer tokenizer = lexer as Tokenizer;
4976                 tokenizer.cleanup ();
4977         } catch (Exception e){
4978                 //
4979                 // Removed for production use, use parser verbose to get the output.
4980                 //
4981                 // Console.WriteLine (e);
4982                 Report.Error (-25, lexer.Location, "Parsing error");
4983                 if (yacc_verbose_flag > 0)
4984                         Console.WriteLine (e);
4985         }
4986 }
4987
4988 void CheckToken (int error, int yyToken, string msg)
4989 {
4990         if (yyToken >= Token.FIRST_KEYWORD && yyToken <= Token.LAST_KEYWORD){
4991                 Report.Error (error, lexer.Location, String.Format ("{0}: `{1}' is a keyword", msg, yyNames [yyToken].ToLower ()));
4992                 return;
4993         }
4994         Report.Error (error, lexer.Location, msg);
4995 }
4996
4997 void CheckIdentifierToken (int yyToken)
4998 {
4999         CheckToken (1041, yyToken, "Identifier expected");
5000 }
5001
5002 string ConsumeStoredComment ()
5003 {
5004         string s = tmpComment;
5005         tmpComment = null;
5006         Lexer.doc_state = XmlCommentState.Allowed;
5007         return s;
5008 }
5009
5010 /* end end end */
5011 }