mcs/gmcs/assign.cs

   1 //
   2 // assign.cs: Assignments.
   3 //
   4 // Author:
   5 //   Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com)
   6 //   Martin Baulig (martin@gnome.org)
   7 //
   8 // (C) 2001, 2002, 2003 Ximian, Inc.
   9 //
  10 using System;
  11 using System.Reflection;
  12 using System.Reflection.Emit;
  13
  14 namespace Mono.CSharp {
  15
  16         /// <summary>
  17         ///   This interface is implemented by expressions that can be assigned to.
  18         /// </summary>
  19         /// <remarks>
  20         ///   This interface is implemented by Expressions whose values can not
  21         ///   store the result on the top of the stack.
  22         ///
  23         ///   Expressions implementing this (Properties, Indexers and Arrays) would
  24         ///   perform an assignment of the Expression "source" into its final
  25         ///   location.
  26         ///
  27         ///   No values on the top of the stack are expected to be left by
  28         ///   invoking this method.
  29         /// </remarks>
  30         public interface IAssignMethod {
  31                 //
  32                 // This method will emit the code for the actual assignment
  33                 //
  34                 void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source);
  35
  36                 //
  37                 // This method is invoked before any code generation takes
  38                 // place, and it is a mechanism to inform that the expression
  39                 // will be invoked more than once, and that the method should
  40                 // use temporary values to avoid having side effects
  41                 //
  42                 // Example: a [ g () ] ++
  43                 //
  44                 void CacheTemporaries (EmitContext ec);
  45         }
  46
  47         /// <summary>
  48         ///   An Expression to hold a temporary value.
  49         /// </summary>
  50         /// <remarks>
  51         ///   The LocalTemporary class is used to hold temporary values of a given
  52         ///   type to "simulate" the expression semantics on property and indexer
  53         ///   access whose return values are void.
  54         ///
  55         ///   The local temporary is used to alter the normal flow of code generation
  56         ///   basically it creates a local variable, and its emit instruction generates
  57         ///   code to access this value, return its address or save its value.
  58         /// </remarks>
  59         public class LocalTemporary : Expression, IMemoryLocation {
  60                 LocalBuilder builder;
  61
  62                 public LocalTemporary (EmitContext ec, Type t)
  63                 {
  64                         type = t;
  65                         eclass = ExprClass.Value;
  66                         loc = Location.Null;
  67                         builder = ec.GetTemporaryLocal (t);
  68                 }
  69
  70                 public void Release (EmitContext ec)
  71                 {
  72                         ec.FreeTemporaryLocal (builder, type);
  73                         builder = null;
  74                 }
  75
  76                 public LocalTemporary (LocalBuilder b, Type t)
  77                 {
  78                         type = t;
  79                         eclass = ExprClass.Value;
  80                         loc = Location.Null;
  81                         builder = b;
  82                 }
  83
  84                 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
  85                 {
  86                         return this;
  87                 }
  88
  89                 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
  90                 {
  91                         ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, builder);
  92                 }
  93
  94                 public void Store (EmitContext ec)
  95                 {
  96                         ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, builder);
  97                 }
  98
  99                 public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
 100                 {
 101                         ec.ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca, builder);
 102                 }
 103         }
 104
 105         /// <summary>
 106         ///   The Assign node takes care of assigning the value of source into
 107         ///   the expression represented by target.
 108         /// </summary>
 109         public class Assign : ExpressionStatement {
 110                 protected Expression target, source, real_source;
 111                 protected LocalTemporary temp = null, real_temp = null;
 112                 protected Assign embedded = null;
 113                 protected bool is_embedded = false;
 114                 protected bool must_free_temp = false;
 115
 116                 public Assign (Expression target, Expression source, Location l)
 117                 {
 118                         this.target = target;
 119                         this.source = this.real_source = source;
 120                         this.loc = l;
 121                 }
 122
 123                 protected Assign (Assign embedded, Location l)
 124                         : this (embedded.target, embedded.source, l)
 125                 {
 126                         this.is_embedded = true;
 127                 }
 128
 129                 protected virtual Assign GetEmbeddedAssign (Location loc)
 130                 {
 131                         return new Assign (this, loc);
 132                 }
 133
 134                 public Expression Target {
 135                         get {
 136                                 return target;
 137                         }
 138
 139                         set {
 140                                 target = value;
 141                         }
 142                 }
 143
 144                 public Expression Source {
 145                         get {
 146                                 return source;
 147                         }
 148
 149                         set {
 150                                 source = value;
 151                         }
 152                 }
 153
 154                 public static void error70 (EventInfo ei, Location l)
 155                 {
 156                         Report.Error (70, l, "The event '" + ei.Name +
 157                                       "' can only appear on the left-side of a += or -= (except when" +
 158                                       " used from within the type '" + ei.DeclaringType + "')");
 159                 }
 160
 161                 //
 162                 // Will return either `this' or an instance of `New'.
 163                 //
 164                 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
 165                 {
 166                         // Create an embedded assignment if our source is an assignment.
 167                         if (source is Assign)
 168                                 source = embedded = ((Assign) source).GetEmbeddedAssign (loc);
 169
 170                         real_source = source = source.Resolve (ec);
 171                         if (source == null)
 172                                 return null;
 173
 174                         //
 175                         // This is used in an embedded assignment.
 176                         // As an example, consider the statement "A = X = Y = Z".
 177                         //
 178                         if (is_embedded && !(source is Constant)) {
 179                                 // If this is the innermost assignment (the "Y = Z" in our example),
 180                                 // create a new temporary local, otherwise inherit that variable
 181                                 // from our child (the "X = (Y = Z)" inherits the local from the
 182                                 // "Y = Z" assignment).
 183
 184                                 if (embedded == null) {
 185                                         if (this is CompoundAssign)
 186                                                 real_temp = temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, target.Type);
 187                                         else
 188                                                 real_temp = temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, source.Type);
 189                                 } else
 190                                         temp = embedded.temp;
 191
 192                                 // Set the source to the new temporary variable.
 193                                 // This means that the following target.ResolveLValue () will tell
 194                                 // the target to read it's source value from that variable.
 195                                 source = temp;
 196                         }
 197
 198                         // If we have an embedded assignment, use the embedded assignment's temporary
 199                         // local variable as source.
 200                         if (embedded != null)
 201                                 source = (embedded.temp != null) ? embedded.temp : embedded.source;
 202
 203                         target = target.ResolveLValue (ec, source);
 204
 205                         if (target == null)
 206                                 return null;
 207
 208                         Type target_type = target.Type;
 209                         Type source_type = real_source.Type;
 210
 211                         // If we're an embedded assignment, our parent will reuse our source as its
 212                         // source, it won't read from our target.
 213                         if (is_embedded)
 214                                 type = source_type;
 215                         else
 216                                 type = target_type;
 217                         eclass = ExprClass.Value;
 218
 219                         if (target is EventExpr) {
 220                                 EventInfo ei = ((EventExpr) target).EventInfo;
 221
 222                                 Expression ml = MemberLookup (
 223                                         ec, ec.ContainerType, ei.Name,
 224                                         MemberTypes.Event, AllBindingFlags | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly, loc);
 225
 226                                 if (ml == null) {
 227                                         //
 228                                         // If this is the case, then the Event does not belong
 229                                         // to this Type and so, according to the spec
 230                                         // is allowed to only appear on the left hand of
 231                                         // the += and -= operators
 232                                         //
 233                                         // Note that target will not appear as an EventExpr
 234                                         // in the case it is being referenced within the same type container;
 235                                         // it will appear as a FieldExpr in that case.
 236                                         //
 237
 238                                         if (!(source is BinaryDelegate)) {
 239                                                 error70 (ei, loc);
 240                                                 return null;
 241                                         }
 242                                 }
 243                         }
 244
 245                         if (source is New && target_type.IsValueType &&
 246                             (target.eclass != ExprClass.IndexerAccess) && (target.eclass != ExprClass.PropertyAccess)){
 247                                 New n = (New) source;
 248
 249                                 if (n.SetValueTypeVariable (target))
 250                                         return n;
 251                                 else
 252                                         return null;
 253                         }
 254
 255                         if (!(target is IAssignMethod) && (target.eclass != ExprClass.EventAccess)) {
 256                                 Report.Error (131, loc,
 257                                               "Left hand of an assignment must be a variable, " +
 258                                               "a property or an indexer");
 259                                 return null;
 260                         }
 261
 262                         if ((source.eclass == ExprClass.Type) && (source is TypeExpr)) {
 263                                 source.Error_UnexpectedKind ("variable or value");
 264                                 return null;
 265                         } else if (source is MethodGroupExpr){
 266                                 ((MethodGroupExpr) source).ReportUsageError ();
 267                                 return null;
 268                         }
 269
 270                         if (target_type == source_type)
 271                                 return this;
 272
 273                         //
 274                         // If this assignemnt/operator was part of a compound binary
 275                         // operator, then we allow an explicit conversion, as detailed
 276                         // in the spec.
 277                         //
 278
 279                         if (this is CompoundAssign){
 280                                 CompoundAssign a = (CompoundAssign) this;
 281
 282                                 Binary b = source as Binary;
 283                                 if (b != null){
 284                                         //
 285                                         // 1. if the source is explicitly convertible to the
 286                                         //    target_type
 287                                         //
 288
 289                                         source = Convert.ExplicitConversion (ec, source, target_type, loc);
 290                                         if (source == null){
 291                                                 Convert.Error_CannotImplicitConversion (loc, source_type, target_type);
 292                                                 return null;
 293                                         }
 294
 295                                         //
 296                                         // 2. and the original right side is implicitly convertible to
 297                                         // the type of target_type.
 298                                         //
 299                                         if (Convert.ImplicitStandardConversionExists (a.original_source, target_type))
 300                                                 return this;
 301
 302                                         Convert.Error_CannotImplicitConversion (loc, a.original_source.Type, target_type);
 303                                         return null;
 304                                 }
 305                         }
 306
 307                         source = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, source, target_type, loc);
 308                         if (source == null)
 309                                 return null;
 310
 311                         // If we're an embedded assignment, we need to create a new temporary variable
 312                         // for the converted value.  Our parent will use this new variable as its source.
 313                         // The same applies when we have an embedded assignment - in this case, we need
 314                         // to convert our embedded assignment's temporary local variable to the correct
 315                         // type and store it in a new temporary local.
 316                         if (is_embedded || embedded != null) {
 317                                 type = target_type;
 318                                 temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
 319                                 must_free_temp = true;
 320                         }
 321
 322                         return this;
 323                 }
 324
 325                 Expression EmitEmbedded (EmitContext ec)
 326                 {
 327                         // Emit an embedded assignment.
 328
 329                         if (real_temp != null) {
 330                                 // If we're the innermost assignment, `real_source' is the right-hand
 331                                 // expression which gets assigned to all the variables left of it.
 332                                 // Emit this expression and store its result in real_temp.
 333                                 real_source.Emit (ec);
 334                                 real_temp.Store (ec);
 335                         }
 336
 337                         if (embedded != null)
 338                                 embedded.EmitEmbedded (ec);
 339
 340                         // This happens when we've done a type conversion, in this case source will be
 341                         // the expression which does the type conversion from real_temp.
 342                         // So emit it and store the result in temp; this is the var which will be read
 343                         // by our parent.
 344                         if (temp != real_temp) {
 345                                 source.Emit (ec);
 346                                 temp.Store (ec);
 347                         }
 348
 349                         Expression temp_source = (temp != null) ? temp : source;
 350                         ((IAssignMethod) target).EmitAssign (ec, temp_source);
 351                         return temp_source;
 352                 }
 353
 354                 void ReleaseEmbedded (EmitContext ec)
 355                 {
 356                         if (embedded != null)
 357                                 embedded.ReleaseEmbedded (ec);
 358
 359                         if (real_temp != null)
 360                                 real_temp.Release (ec);
 361
 362                         if (must_free_temp)
 363                                 temp.Release (ec);
 364                 }
 365
 366                 void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool is_statement)
 367                 {
 368                         if (target is EventExpr) {
 369                                 ((EventExpr) target).EmitAddOrRemove (ec, source);
 370                                 return;
 371                         }
 372
 373                         bool use_temporaries = false;
 374
 375                         //
 376                         // FIXME! We need a way to "probe" if the process can
 377                         // just use `dup' to propagate the result
 378                         //
 379                         IAssignMethod am = (IAssignMethod) target;
 380
 381                         if (this is CompoundAssign){
 382                                 am.CacheTemporaries (ec);
 383                                 use_temporaries = true;
 384                         }
 385
 386                         if (!is_statement)
 387                                 use_temporaries = true;
 388
 389                         Expression temp_source;
 390                         if (embedded != null) {
 391                                 temp_source = embedded.EmitEmbedded (ec);
 392
 393                                 if (temp != null) {
 394                                         source.Emit (ec);
 395                                         temp.Store (ec);
 396                                         temp_source = temp;
 397                                 }
 398                         } else
 399                                 temp_source = source;
 400
 401                         if (use_temporaries){
 402                                 //
 403                                 // Doing this for every path is too expensive
 404                                 // I wonder if we can work around this and have a less
 405                                 // expensive path
 406                                 //
 407                                 LocalTemporary tempo;
 408
 409                                 tempo = new LocalTemporary (ec, source.Type);
 410
 411                                 temp_source.Emit (ec);
 412                                 tempo.Store (ec);
 413                                 am.EmitAssign (ec, tempo);
 414                                 if (!is_statement)
 415                                         tempo.Emit (ec);
 416
 417                                 tempo.Release (ec);
 418                         } else {
 419                                 am.EmitAssign (ec, temp_source);
 420                         }
 421
 422                         if (embedded != null) {
 423                                 if (temp != null)
 424                                         temp.Release (ec);
 425                                 embedded.ReleaseEmbedded (ec);
 426                         }
 427                 }
 428
 429                 public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
 430                 {
 431                         Emit (ec, false);
 432                 }
 433
 434                 public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
 435                 {
 436                         Emit (ec, true);
 437                 }
 438         }
 439
 440
 441         //
 442         // This class is used for compound assignments.
 443         //
 444         class CompoundAssign : Assign {
 445                 Binary.Operator op;
 446                 public Expression original_source;
 447
 448                 public CompoundAssign (Binary.Operator op, Expression target, Expression source, Location l)
 449                         : base (target, source, l)
 450                 {
 451                         original_source = source;
 452                         this.op = op;
 453                 }
 454
 455                 protected CompoundAssign (CompoundAssign embedded, Location l)
 456                         : this (embedded.op, embedded.target, embedded.source, l)
 457                 {
 458                         this.is_embedded = true;
 459                 }
 460
 461                 protected override Assign GetEmbeddedAssign (Location loc)
 462                 {
 463                         return new CompoundAssign (this, loc);
 464                 }
 465
 466                 public Expression ResolveSource (EmitContext ec)
 467                 {
 468                         return original_source.Resolve (ec);
 469                 }
 470
 471                 public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
 472                 {
 473                         original_source = original_source.Resolve (ec);
 474                         if (original_source == null)
 475                                 return null;
 476
 477                         target = target.Resolve (ec);
 478                         if (target == null)
 479                                 return null;
 480
 481                         //
 482                         // Only now we can decouple the original source/target
 483                         // into a tree, to guarantee that we do not have side
 484                         // effects.
 485                         //
 486                         source = new Binary (op, target, original_source, loc);
 487                         return base.DoResolve (ec);
 488                 }
 489         }
 490 }
 491
 492
 493
 494