**** Merged from MCS ****

[mono.git] / mcs / gmcs / assign.cs

//
// assign.cs: Assignments.
//
// Author:
//   Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com)
//   Martin Baulig (martin@gnome.org)
//
// (C) 2001, 2002, 2003 Ximian, Inc.
//
using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Reflection.Emit;

namespace Mono.CSharp {

        /// <summary>
        ///   This interface is implemented by expressions that can be assigned to.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        ///   This interface is implemented by Expressions whose values can not
        ///   store the result on the top of the stack.
        ///
        ///   Expressions implementing this (Properties, Indexers and Arrays) would
        ///   perform an assignment of the Expression "source" into its final
        ///   location.
        ///
        ///   No values on the top of the stack are expected to be left by
        ///   invoking this method.
        /// </remarks>
        public interface IAssignMethod {
                //
                // This method will emit the code for the actual assignment
                //
                void EmitAssign (EmitContext ec, Expression source);

                //
                // This method is invoked before any code generation takes
                // place, and it is a mechanism to inform that the expression
                // will be invoked more than once, and that the method should
                // use temporary values to avoid having side effects
                //
                // Example: a [ g () ] ++
                //
                void CacheTemporaries (EmitContext ec);
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///   An Expression to hold a temporary value.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        ///   The LocalTemporary class is used to hold temporary values of a given
        ///   type to "simulate" the expression semantics on property and indexer
        ///   access whose return values are void.
        ///
        ///   The local temporary is used to alter the normal flow of code generation
        ///   basically it creates a local variable, and its emit instruction generates
        ///   code to access this value, return its address or save its value.
        ///
        ///   If `is_address' is true, then the value that we store is the address to the
        ///   real value, and not the value itself. 
        ///
        ///   This is needed for a value type, because otherwise you just end up making a
        ///   copy of the value on the stack and modifying it. You really need a pointer
        ///   to the origional value so that you can modify it in that location. This
        ///   Does not happen with a class because a class is a pointer -- so you always
        ///   get the indirection.
        ///
        ///   The `is_address' stuff is really just a hack. We need to come up with a better
        ///   way to handle it.
        /// </remarks>
        public class LocalTemporary : Expression, IMemoryLocation {
                LocalBuilder builder;
                bool is_address;
                
                public LocalTemporary (EmitContext ec, Type t) : this (ec, t, false) {}
                        
                public LocalTemporary (EmitContext ec, Type t, bool is_address) 
                {
                        type = t;
                        eclass = ExprClass.Value;
                        loc = Location.Null;
                        builder = ec.GetTemporaryLocal (is_address ? TypeManager.GetReferenceType (t): t);
                        this.is_address = is_address;
                }

                public LocalTemporary (LocalBuilder b, Type t)
                {
                        type = t;
                        eclass = ExprClass.Value;
                        loc = Location.Null;
                        builder = b;
                }

                public void Release (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        ec.FreeTemporaryLocal (builder, type);
                        builder = null;
                }
                
                public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        return this;
                }

                public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
                        
                        ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, builder);
                        // we need to copy from the pointer
                        if (is_address)
                                LoadFromPtr (ig, type);
                }

                // NB: if you have `is_address' on the stack there must
                // be a managed pointer. Otherwise, it is the type from
                // the ctor.
                public void Store (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
                        ig.Emit (OpCodes.Stloc, builder);
                }

                public void AddressOf (EmitContext ec, AddressOp mode)
                {
                        // if is_address, than this is just the address anyways,
                        // so we just return this.
                        ILGenerator ig = ec.ig;
                                
                        if (is_address)
                                ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloc, builder);
                        else
                                ig.Emit (OpCodes.Ldloca, builder);
                }

                public bool PointsToAddress {
                        get {
                                return is_address;
                        }
                }
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///   The Assign node takes care of assigning the value of source into
        ///   the expression represented by target. 
        /// </summary>
        public class Assign : ExpressionStatement {
                protected Expression target, source, real_source;
                protected LocalTemporary temp = null, real_temp = null;
                protected Assign embedded = null;
                protected bool is_embedded = false;
                protected bool must_free_temp = false;

                public Assign (Expression target, Expression source, Location l)
                {
                        this.target = target;
                        this.source = this.real_source = source;
                        this.loc = l;
                }

                protected Assign (Assign embedded, Location l)
                        : this (embedded.target, embedded.source, l)
                {
                        this.is_embedded = true;
                }

                protected virtual Assign GetEmbeddedAssign (Location loc)
                {
                        return new Assign (this, loc);
                }

                public Expression Target {
                        get {
                                return target;
                        }

                        set {
                                target = value;
                        }
                }

                public Expression Source {
                        get {
                                return source;
                        }

                        set {
                                source = value;
                        }
                }

                public static void error70 (EventInfo ei, Location l)
                {
                        Report.Error (70, l, "The event '" + ei.Name +
                                      "' can only appear on the left-side of a += or -= (except when" +
                                      " used from within the type '" + ei.DeclaringType + "')");
                }

                //
                // Will return either `this' or an instance of `New'.
                //
                public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        // Create an embedded assignment if our source is an assignment.
                        if (source is Assign)
                                source = embedded = ((Assign) source).GetEmbeddedAssign (loc);

                        real_source = source = source.Resolve (ec);
                        if (source == null)
                                return null;

                        //
                        // This is used in an embedded assignment.
                        // As an example, consider the statement "A = X = Y = Z".
                        //
                        if (is_embedded && !(source is Constant)) {
                                // If this is the innermost assignment (the "Y = Z" in our example),
                                // create a new temporary local, otherwise inherit that variable
                                // from our child (the "X = (Y = Z)" inherits the local from the
                                // "Y = Z" assignment).

                                if (embedded == null) {
                                        if (this is CompoundAssign)
                                                real_temp = temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, target.Type);
                                        else
                                                real_temp = temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, source.Type);
                                } else
                                        temp = embedded.temp;

                                // Set the source to the new temporary variable.
                                // This means that the following target.ResolveLValue () will tell
                                // the target to read it's source value from that variable.
                                source = temp;
                        }

                        // If we have an embedded assignment, use the embedded assignment's temporary
                        // local variable as source.
                        if (embedded != null)
                                source = (embedded.temp != null) ? embedded.temp : embedded.source;

                        target = target.ResolveLValue (ec, source);

                        if (target == null)
                                return null;

                        Type target_type = target.Type;
                        Type source_type = real_source.Type;

                        // If we're an embedded assignment, our parent will reuse our source as its
                        // source, it won't read from our target.
                        if (is_embedded)
                                type = source_type;
                        else
                                type = target_type;
                        eclass = ExprClass.Value;

                        if (target is EventExpr) {
                                EventInfo ei = ((EventExpr) target).EventInfo;

                                Expression ml = MemberLookup (
                                        ec, ec.ContainerType, ei.Name,
                                        MemberTypes.Event, AllBindingFlags | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly, loc);

                                if (ml == null) {
                                        //
                                        // If this is the case, then the Event does not belong 
                                        // to this Type and so, according to the spec
                                        // is allowed to only appear on the left hand of
                                        // the += and -= operators
                                        //
                                        // Note that target will not appear as an EventExpr
                                        // in the case it is being referenced within the same type container;
                                        // it will appear as a FieldExpr in that case.
                                        //
                                        
                                        if (!(source is BinaryDelegate)) {
                                                error70 (ei, loc);
                                                return null;
                                        } 
                                }
                        }
                        
                        if (source is New && target_type.IsValueType &&
                            (target.eclass != ExprClass.IndexerAccess) && (target.eclass != ExprClass.PropertyAccess)){
                                New n = (New) source;

                                if (n.SetValueTypeVariable (target))
                                        return n;
                                else
                                        return null;
                        }

                        if (!(target is IAssignMethod) && (target.eclass != ExprClass.EventAccess)) {
                                Report.Error (131, loc,
                                              "Left hand of an assignment must be a variable, " +
                                              "a property or an indexer");
                                return null;
                        }

                        if ((source.eclass == ExprClass.Type) && (source is TypeExpr)) {
                                source.Error_UnexpectedKind ("variable or value");
                                return null;
                        } else if (!RootContext.V2 && (source is MethodGroupExpr)){
                                ((MethodGroupExpr) source).ReportUsageError ();
                                return null;

                        }

                        if (target_type == source_type)
                                return this;
                        
                        //
                        // If this assignemnt/operator was part of a compound binary
                        // operator, then we allow an explicit conversion, as detailed
                        // in the spec. 
                        //

                        if (this is CompoundAssign){
                                CompoundAssign a = (CompoundAssign) this;
                                
                                Binary b = source as Binary;
                                if (b != null){
                                        //
                                        // 1. if the source is explicitly convertible to the
                                        //    target_type
                                        //
                                        
                                        source = Convert.ExplicitConversion (ec, source, target_type, loc);
                                        if (source == null){
                                                Convert.Error_CannotImplicitConversion (loc, source_type, target_type);
                                                return null;
                                        }
                                
                                        //
                                        // 2. and the original right side is implicitly convertible to
                                        // the type of target
                                        //
                                        if (Convert.ImplicitStandardConversionExists (a.original_source, target_type))
                                                return this;

                                        //
                                        // In the spec 2.4 they added: or if type of the target is int
                                        // and the operator is a shift operator...
                                        //
                                        if (source_type == TypeManager.int32_type &&
                                            (b.Oper == Binary.Operator.LeftShift || b.Oper == Binary.Operator.RightShift))
                                                return this;

                                        Convert.Error_CannotImplicitConversion (loc, a.original_source.Type, target_type);
                                        return null;
                                }
                        }

                        source = Convert.ImplicitConversionRequired (ec, source, target_type, loc);
                        if (source == null)
                                return null;

                        // If we're an embedded assignment, we need to create a new temporary variable
                        // for the converted value.  Our parent will use this new variable as its source.
                        // The same applies when we have an embedded assignment - in this case, we need
                        // to convert our embedded assignment's temporary local variable to the correct
                        // type and store it in a new temporary local.
                        if (is_embedded || embedded != null) {
                                type = target_type;
                                temp = new LocalTemporary (ec, type);
                                must_free_temp = true;
                        }
                        
                        return this;
                }

                Expression EmitEmbedded (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        // Emit an embedded assignment.

                        if (real_temp != null) {
                                // If we're the innermost assignment, `real_source' is the right-hand
                                // expression which gets assigned to all the variables left of it.
                                // Emit this expression and store its result in real_temp.
                                real_source.Emit (ec);
                                real_temp.Store (ec);
                        }

                        if (embedded != null)
                                embedded.EmitEmbedded (ec);

                        // This happens when we've done a type conversion, in this case source will be
                        // the expression which does the type conversion from real_temp.
                        // So emit it and store the result in temp; this is the var which will be read
                        // by our parent.
                        if (temp != real_temp) {
                                source.Emit (ec);
                                temp.Store (ec);
                        }

                        Expression temp_source = (temp != null) ? temp : source;
                        ((IAssignMethod) target).EmitAssign (ec, temp_source);
                        return temp_source;
                }

                void ReleaseEmbedded (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        if (embedded != null)
                                embedded.ReleaseEmbedded (ec);

                        if (real_temp != null)
                                real_temp.Release (ec);

                        if (must_free_temp)
                                temp.Release (ec);
                }

                void Emit (EmitContext ec, bool is_statement)
                {
                        if (target is EventExpr) {
                                ((EventExpr) target).EmitAddOrRemove (ec, source);
                                return;
                        }

                        bool use_temporaries = false;
                        
                        //
                        // FIXME! We need a way to "probe" if the process can
                        // just use `dup' to propagate the result
                        // 
                        IAssignMethod am = (IAssignMethod) target;

                        if (this is CompoundAssign)
                                am.CacheTemporaries (ec);

                        if (!is_statement)
                                use_temporaries = true;

                        Expression temp_source;
                        if (embedded != null) {
                                temp_source = embedded.EmitEmbedded (ec);

                                if (temp != null) {
                                        source.Emit (ec);
                                        temp.Store (ec);
                                        temp_source = temp;
                                }
                        } else
                                temp_source = source;

                        if (use_temporaries){
                                //
                                // Doing this for every path is too expensive
                                // I wonder if we can work around this and have a less
                                // expensive path
                                //
                                LocalTemporary tempo;
                                
                                tempo = new LocalTemporary (ec, source.Type);
                                
                                temp_source.Emit (ec);
                                tempo.Store (ec);
                                am.EmitAssign (ec, tempo);
                                if (!is_statement)
                                        tempo.Emit (ec);
                                
                                tempo.Release (ec);
                        } else {
                                am.EmitAssign (ec, temp_source);
                        }
                                
                        if (embedded != null) {
                                if (temp != null)
                                        temp.Release (ec);
                                embedded.ReleaseEmbedded (ec);
                        }
                }
                
                public override void Emit (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        Emit (ec, false);
                }

                public override void EmitStatement (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        Emit (ec, true);
                }
        }

        
        //
        // This class is used for compound assignments.  
        //
        class CompoundAssign : Assign {
                Binary.Operator op;
                public Expression original_source;
                
                public CompoundAssign (Binary.Operator op, Expression target, Expression source, Location l)
                        : base (target, source, l)
                {
                        original_source = source;
                        this.op = op;
                }

                protected CompoundAssign (CompoundAssign embedded, Location l)
                        : this (embedded.op, embedded.target, embedded.source, l)
                {
                        this.is_embedded = true;
                }

                protected override Assign GetEmbeddedAssign (Location loc)
                {
                        return new CompoundAssign (this, loc);
                }

                public Expression ResolveSource (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        return original_source.Resolve (ec);
                }

                public override Expression DoResolve (EmitContext ec)
                {
                        original_source = original_source.Resolve (ec);
                        if (original_source == null)
                                return null;

                        target = target.Resolve (ec);
                        if (target == null)
                                return null;
                        
                        //
                        // Only now we can decouple the original source/target
                        // into a tree, to guarantee that we do not have side
                        // effects.
                        //
                        source = new Binary (op, target, original_source, loc);
                        return base.DoResolve (ec);
                }
        }
}