mcs/class/corlib/System/String.cs

   1 //
   2 // System.String.cs
   3 //
   4 // Authors:
   5 //        Patrik Torstensson (patrik.torstensson@labs2.com)
   6 //   Jeffrey Stedfast (fejj@ximian.com)
   7 //   Dan Lewis (dihlewis@yahoo.co.uk)
   8 //
   9 // (C) 2001 Ximian, Inc.  http://www.ximian.com
  10 //
  11
  12 using System;
  13 using System.Text;
  14 using System.Collections;
  15 using System.Globalization;
  16 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
  17
  18 namespace System {
  19         [Serializable]
  20         public sealed class String : IConvertible, IComparable, ICloneable, IEnumerable {
  21                 private int length;
  22
  23                 public static readonly String Empty = "";
  24
  25                 [CLSCompliant(false), MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
  26                 unsafe public extern String(char *value);
  27
  28                 [CLSCompliant(false), MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
  29                 unsafe public extern String(char *value, int sindex, int length);
  30
  31                 [CLSCompliant(false), MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
  32                 unsafe public extern String(sbyte *value);
  33
  34                 [CLSCompliant(false), MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
  35                 unsafe public extern String(sbyte *value, int sindex, int length);
  36
  37                 [CLSCompliant(false), MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
  38                 unsafe public extern String(sbyte *value, int sindex, int length, Encoding enc);
  39
  40                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
  41                 public extern String(char [] val, int sindex, int length);
  42
  43                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
  44                 public extern String(char [] val);
  45
  46                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
  47                 public extern String(char c, int count);
  48
  49                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
  50                 public extern override int GetHashCode();
  51
  52                 public static bool Equals(String str1, String str2) {
  53                         if ((str1 as object) == (str2 as object))
  54                                 return true;
  55
  56                         if (null == str1 || null == str2)
  57                                 return false;
  58
  59                         if (str1.length != str2.length)
  60                                 return false;
  61
  62                         return InternalEquals(str1, str2);
  63                 }
  64
  65                 public static bool operator == (String str1, String str2) {
  66                         return Equals(str1, str2);
  67                 }
  68
  69                 public static bool operator != (String str1, String str2) {
  70                         return !Equals(str1, str2);
  71                 }
  72
  73                 public override bool Equals(Object obj) {
  74                         if (null == obj)
  75                                 return false;
  76
  77                         if (!(obj is String))
  78                                 return false;
  79
  80                         string other = (string) obj;
  81                         if (length != other.length)
  82                                 return false;
  83
  84                         return InternalEquals(this, other);
  85                 }
  86
  87                 public bool Equals(String value) {
  88                         if (null == value)
  89                                 return false;
  90
  91                         if (length != value.length)
  92                                 return false;
  93
  94                         return InternalEquals(this, value);
  95                 }
  96
  97                 [IndexerName("Chars")]
  98                 public extern char this[int index] {
  99                         [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
 100                         get;
 101                 }
 102
 103                 public Object Clone() {
 104                         return this;
 105                 }
 106
 107                 public TypeCode GetTypeCode () {
 108                         return TypeCode.String;
 109                 }
 110
 111                 public void CopyTo(int sindex, char[] dest, int dindex, int count) {
 112                         // LAMESPEC: should I null-terminate?
 113
 114                         if (dest == null)
 115                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 116
 117                         if (sindex < 0 || dindex < 0 || count < 0)
 118                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 119
 120                         if (sindex + count > Length)
 121                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 122
 123                         if (dindex + count > dest.Length)
 124                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 125
 126                         InternalCopyTo(sindex, dest, dindex, count);
 127                 }
 128
 129                 public char[] ToCharArray() {
 130                         return ToCharArray(0, length);
 131                 }
 132
 133                 public char[] ToCharArray(int sindex, int length) {
 134                         if (sindex < 0 || length < 0 || sindex + length > this.length)
 135                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 136
 137                         char [] tmp = new char[length];
 138
 139                         InternalCopyTo(sindex, tmp, 0, length);
 140
 141                         return tmp;
 142                 }
 143
 144                 public String [] Split(params char [] separator) {
 145                         return Split(separator, Int32.MaxValue);
 146                 }
 147
 148                 public String[] Split(char[] separator, int count) {
 149                         if (null == separator) {
 150                                 separator = WhiteChars;
 151                         }
 152
 153                         if (count < 0)
 154                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 155
 156                         if (count == 0)
 157                                 return new String[0];
 158
 159                         if (count == 1)
 160                                 return new String[1] { ToString() };
 161
 162                         return InternalSplit(separator, count);
 163                 }
 164
 165                 public String Substring (int sindex) {
 166                         if (sindex < 0 || sindex > this.length) {
 167                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
 168                         }
 169
 170                         string tmp = InternalAllocateStr(this.length - sindex);
 171                         InternalStrcpy(tmp, 0, this, sindex, length - sindex);
 172
 173                         return tmp;
 174                 }
 175
 176                 public String Substring (int sindex, int length) {
 177                         if (length < 0 || sindex < 0 || sindex + length > this.length) {
 178                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
 179                         }
 180
 181                         if (length == 0)
 182                                 return String.Empty;
 183
 184                         string tmp = InternalAllocateStr(length);
 185                         InternalStrcpy(tmp, 0, this, sindex, length);
 186
 187                         return tmp;
 188                 }
 189
 190                 private static readonly char[] WhiteChars = {  (char) 0x9, (char) 0xA, (char) 0xB, (char) 0xC, (char) 0xD, (char) 0x20, (char) 0xA0, (char) 0x2000, (char) 0x2001, (char) 0x2002, (char) 0x2003, (char) 0x2004, (char) 0x2005,
 191                                                                                                                                           (char) 0x2006, (char) 0x2007, (char) 0x2008, (char) 0x2009, (char) 0x200A, (char) 0x200B, (char) 0x3000, (char) 0xFEFF };
 192
 193                 public String Trim(params char[] chars) {
 194                         if (null == chars || chars.Length == 0)
 195                                 chars = WhiteChars;
 196
 197                         return InternalTrim(chars, 0);
 198                 }
 199
 200                 public String TrimStart(params char[] chars) {
 201                         if (null == chars || chars.Length == 0)
 202                                 chars = WhiteChars;
 203
 204                         return InternalTrim(chars, 1);
 205                 }
 206
 207                 public String TrimEnd(params char[] chars) {
 208                         if (null == chars || chars.Length == 0)
 209                                 chars = WhiteChars;
 210
 211                         return InternalTrim(chars, 2);
 212                 }
 213
 214                 public static int Compare(String s1, String s2) {
 215                         return Compare(s1, s2, false);
 216                 }
 217
 218                 public static int Compare(String s1, String s2, bool inCase) {
 219                         if (null == s1) {
 220                                 if (null == s2)
 221                                         return 0;
 222                                 else
 223                                         return -1;
 224                         } else if (null == s2)
 225                                 return 1;
 226
 227                         return InternalCompare(s1, 0, s2, 0, Math.Max(s1.length, s2.length), inCase);
 228                 }
 229
 230                 [MonoTODO()]
 231                 public static int Compare(String s1, String s2, bool inCase, CultureInfo culture) {
 232                         return Compare(s1, s2, inCase);
 233                 }
 234
 235                 public static int Compare(String s1, int i1, String s2, int i2, int length) {
 236                         return Compare(s1, i1, s2, i2, length, false);
 237                 }
 238
 239                 public static int Compare(String s1, int i1, String s2, int i2, int length, bool inCase) {
 240                         if (null == s1) {
 241                                 if (null == s2)
 242                                         return 0;
 243                                 else
 244                                         return -1;
 245                         } else if (null == s2)
 246                                 return 1;
 247
 248                         if (length < 0 || i1 < 0 || i2 < 0)
 249                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 250
 251                         if (i1 > s1.length || i2 > s2.length)
 252                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 253
 254                         if (length == 0)
 255                                 return 0;
 256
 257                         return InternalCompare(s1, i1, s2, i2, length, inCase);
 258                 }
 259
 260                 [MonoTODO()]
 261                 public static int Compare(String s1, int i1, String s2, int i2, int length, bool inCase, CultureInfo culture) {
 262                         return Compare(s1, i1, s2, i2, length, inCase);
 263                 }
 264
 265                 public int CompareTo(Object value) {
 266                         if (null == value)
 267                                 return 1;
 268
 269                         if (!(value is String))
 270                                 throw new ArgumentException();
 271
 272                         return String.Compare(this, (String) value, false);
 273                 }
 274
 275                 public int CompareTo(String str) {
 276                         if (null == str)
 277                                 return 1;
 278
 279                         return Compare(this, str, false);
 280                 }
 281
 282                 public static int CompareOrdinal(String s1, String s2) {
 283                         if (null == s1 || null == s2) {
 284                                 if ((Object)s1 == (Object) s2) {
 285                                         return 0;
 286                                 }
 287
 288                                 return (s1 == null) ? -1 : 1;
 289                         }
 290
 291                         return InternalCompare(s1, 0, s2, 0, Math.Max(s1.length, s2.length), false);
 292                 }
 293
 294                 public static int CompareOrdinal(String s1, int i1, String s2, int i2, int length) {
 295                         if (null == s1 || null == s2) {
 296                                 if ((Object)s1 == (Object) s2) {
 297                                         return 0;
 298                                 }
 299
 300                                 return (s1 == null) ? -1 : 1;
 301                         }
 302
 303                         if (i1 < 0 || i2 < 0 || length < 0)
 304                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 305
 306                         if (i1 > s1.length || i2 > s2.length)
 307                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 308
 309                         return InternalCompare(s1, i1, s2, i2, length, false);
 310                 }
 311
 312                 public bool EndsWith(String value) {
 313                         if (null == value)
 314                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 315
 316                         if (value.length > this.length) {
 317                                 return false;
 318                         }
 319
 320                         return (0 == Compare(this, length - value.length, value, 0, value.length));
 321                 }
 322
 323                 public int IndexOfAny(char [] arr) {
 324                         if (null == arr)
 325                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 326
 327                         return InternalIndexOfAny(arr, 0, this.length);
 328                 }
 329
 330                 public int IndexOfAny(char [] arr, int sindex) {
 331                         if (null == arr)
 332                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 333                         if (sindex < 0 || sindex >= this.length)
 334                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
 335
 336                         return InternalIndexOfAny(arr, sindex, this.length - sindex);
 337                 }
 338
 339                 public int IndexOfAny(char [] arr, int sindex, int count) {
 340                         if (null == arr)
 341                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 342                         if (sindex < 0 || count < 0 || sindex + count > this.length)
 343                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 344
 345                         return InternalIndexOfAny(arr, sindex, count);
 346                 }
 347
 348                 public int IndexOf(char value) {
 349                         return InternalIndexOf(value, 0, this.length);
 350                 }
 351
 352                 public int IndexOf(String value) {
 353                         return IndexOf(value, 0, this.length);
 354                 }
 355
 356                 public int IndexOf(char value, int sindex) {
 357                         if (sindex < 0 || sindex > this.length) {
 358                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
 359                         }
 360
 361                         if (sindex == this.length)
 362                                 return -1;
 363
 364                         return InternalIndexOf(value, sindex, this.length - sindex);
 365                 }
 366
 367                 public int IndexOf(String value, int sindex) {
 368                         if (sindex == this.length)
 369                                 return -1;
 370
 371                         return IndexOf(value, sindex, this.length - sindex);
 372                 }
 373
 374                 public int IndexOf(char value, int sindex, int count) {
 375                         if (sindex < 0 || count < 0 || sindex + count > this.length)
 376                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 377
 378                         if (sindex == 0 && this.length == 0)
 379                                 return -1;
 380
 381                         return InternalIndexOf(value, sindex, count);
 382                 }
 383
 384                 public int IndexOf(String value, int sindex, int count) {
 385                         if (null == value)
 386                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 387
 388                         if (sindex < 0 || count < 0 || sindex + count > this.length)
 389                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 390
 391                         if (sindex == 0 && this.length == 0)
 392                                 return -1;
 393
 394                         return InternalIndexOf(value, sindex, count);
 395                 }
 396
 397                 public int LastIndexOfAny(char [] arr) {
 398                         if (null == arr)
 399                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 400
 401                         return InternalLastIndexOfAny(arr, this.length - 1, this.length);
 402                 }
 403
 404                 public int LastIndexOfAny(char [] arr, int sindex) {
 405                         if (null == arr)
 406                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 407
 408                         if (sindex < 0 || sindex > this.length)
 409                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
 410
 411                         if (this.length == 0)
 412                                 return -1;
 413
 414                         return InternalLastIndexOfAny(arr, sindex, sindex + 1);
 415                 }
 416
 417                 public int LastIndexOfAny(char [] arr, int sindex, int count) {
 418                         if (null == arr)
 419                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 420
 421                         if (sindex < 0 || count < 0 || sindex > this.length || sindex - count < -1)
 422                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
 423
 424                         if (this.length == 0)
 425                                 return -1;
 426
 427                         return InternalLastIndexOfAny(arr, sindex, count);
 428                 }
 429
 430                 public int LastIndexOf(char value) {
 431                         return InternalLastIndexOf(value, this.length - 1, this.length);
 432                 }
 433
 434                 public int LastIndexOf(String value) {
 435                         if (null == value)
 436                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 437
 438                         if (value.length == 0)
 439                                 return 0;
 440
 441                         if (this.length == 0)
 442                                 return -1;
 443
 444                         return InternalLastIndexOf(value, this.length - 1, this.length);
 445                 }
 446
 447                 public int LastIndexOf(char value, int sindex){
 448                         return LastIndexOf(value, sindex, sindex + 1);
 449                 }
 450
 451                 public int LastIndexOf(String value, int sindex) {
 452                         return LastIndexOf(value, sindex, sindex + 1);
 453                 }
 454
 455                 public int LastIndexOf(char value, int sindex, int count) {
 456                         if (sindex < 0 || count < 0)
 457                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 458
 459                         if (sindex >= this.length || sindex - count + 1 < 0)
 460                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 461
 462                         if (sindex == 0 && this.length == 0)
 463                                 return -1;
 464
 465                         return InternalLastIndexOf(value, sindex, count);
 466                 }
 467
 468                 public int LastIndexOf(String value, int sindex, int count) {
 469                         if (null == value)
 470                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 471
 472                         if (sindex < 0 || sindex > this.length)
 473                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 474
 475                         if (count < 0 || sindex - count + 1 < 0)
 476                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 477
 478                         if (value.length > sindex)
 479                                 return -1;
 480
 481                         if (value == String.Empty)
 482                                 return sindex;
 483
 484                         if (sindex == 0 && this.length == 0)
 485                                 return -1;
 486
 487                         return InternalLastIndexOf(value, sindex, count);
 488                 }
 489
 490                 public String PadLeft(int width) {
 491                         return PadLeft(width, ' ');
 492                 }
 493
 494                 public String PadLeft(int width, char chr) {
 495                         if (width < 0)
 496                                 throw new ArgumentException();
 497
 498                         if (width < this.length)
 499                                 return String.Copy(this);
 500
 501                         return InternalPad(width, chr, false);
 502                 }
 503
 504                 public String PadRight(int width) {
 505                         return PadRight(width, ' ');
 506                 }
 507
 508                 public String PadRight(int width, char chr) {
 509                         if (width < 0)
 510                                 throw new ArgumentException();
 511
 512                         if (width < this.length)
 513                                 return String.Copy(this);
 514
 515                         return InternalPad(width, chr, true);
 516                 }
 517
 518                 public bool StartsWith(String value) {
 519                         if (null == value)
 520                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 521
 522                         if (this.length < value.length)
 523                                 return false;
 524
 525                         return (0 == Compare(this, 0, value, 0 , value.length));
 526                 }
 527
 528
 529                 public String Replace (char oldChar, char newChar) {
 530                         return InternalReplace(oldChar, newChar);
 531                 }
 532
 533                 public String Replace(String oldValue, String newValue) {
 534                         if (null == oldValue)
 535                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 536
 537                         return InternalReplace(oldValue, newValue);
 538                 }
 539
 540                 public String Remove(int sindex, int count) {
 541                         if (sindex < 0 || count < 0 || sindex + count > this.length)
 542                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 543
 544                         return InternalRemove(sindex, count);
 545                 }
 546
 547                 public String ToLower() {
 548                         return InternalToLower();
 549                 }
 550
 551                 [MonoTODO("By now, don't use culture info")]
 552                 public String ToLower(CultureInfo culture) {
 553                         return InternalToLower();
 554                 }
 555
 556                 public String ToUpper() {
 557                         return InternalToUpper();
 558                 }
 559
 560                 [MonoTODO("By now, don't use culture info")]
 561                 public String ToUpper(CultureInfo culture) {
 562                         return InternalToUpper();
 563                 }
 564
 565                 public override String ToString() {
 566                         return this;
 567                 }
 568
 569                 public String ToString(IFormatProvider provider) {
 570                         return this;
 571                 }
 572
 573                 public String Trim() {
 574                         return Trim(null);
 575                 }
 576
 577                 public static String Format(String format, Object arg0) {
 578                         return Format(null, format, new Object[] {arg0});
 579                 }
 580
 581                 public static String Format(String format, Object arg0, Object arg1) {
 582                         return Format(null, format, new Object[] {arg0, arg1});
 583                 }
 584
 585                 public static String Format(String format, Object arg0, Object arg1, Object arg2) {
 586                         return Format(null, format, new Object[] {arg0, arg1, arg2});
 587                 }
 588
 589                 public static string Format (string format, params object[] args) {
 590                         return Format (null, format, args);
 591                 }
 592
 593                 public static string Format (IFormatProvider provider, string format, params object[] args) {
 594                         if (format == null || args == null)
 595                                 throw new ArgumentNullException ();
 596
 597                         StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder ();
 598
 599                         int ptr = 0;
 600                         int start = ptr;
 601                         while (ptr < format.length) {
 602                                 char c = format[ptr ++];
 603
 604                                 if (c == '{') {
 605                                         result.Append (format, start, ptr - start - 1);
 606
 607                                         // check for escaped open bracket
 608
 609                                         if (format[ptr] == '{') {
 610                                                 start = ptr ++;
 611                                                 continue;
 612                                         }
 613
 614                                         // parse specifier
 615
 616                                         int n, width;
 617                                         bool left_align;
 618                                         string arg_format;
 619
 620                                         ParseFormatSpecifier (format, ref ptr, out n, out width, out left_align, out arg_format);
 621                                         if (n >= args.Length)
 622                                                 throw new FormatException ("Index (zero based) must be greater than or equal to zero and less than the size of the argument list.");
 623
 624                                         // format argument
 625
 626                                         object arg = args[n];
 627
 628                                         string str;
 629                                         if (arg == null)
 630                                                 str = "";
 631                                         else if (arg is IFormattable)
 632                                                 str = ((IFormattable)arg).ToString (arg_format, provider);
 633                                         else
 634                                                 str = arg.ToString ();
 635
 636                                         // pad formatted string and append to result
 637
 638                                         if (width > str.length) {
 639                                                 string pad = new String (' ', width - str.length);
 640
 641                                                 if (left_align) {
 642                                                         result.Append (str);
 643                                                         result.Append (pad);
 644                                                 }
 645                                                 else {
 646                                                         result.Append (pad);
 647                                                         result.Append (str);
 648                                                 }
 649                                         }
 650                                         else
 651                                                 result.Append (str);
 652
 653                                         start = ptr;
 654                                 }
 655                                 else if (c == '}' && format[ptr] == '}') {
 656                                         result.Append (format, start, ptr - start - 1);
 657                                         start = ptr ++;
 658                                 }
 659                         }
 660
 661                         if (start < format.length)
 662                                 result.Append (format.Substring (start));
 663
 664                         return result.ToString ();
 665                 }
 666
 667                 public static String Copy (String str) {
 668                         if (str == null)
 669                                 throw new ArgumentNullException ();
 670
 671                         int length = str.length;
 672
 673                         String tmp = InternalAllocateStr(length);
 674                         InternalStrcpy(tmp, 0, str);
 675                         return tmp;
 676                 }
 677
 678                 public static String Concat(Object obj) {
 679                         if (null == obj)
 680                                 return String.Empty;
 681
 682                         return obj.ToString();
 683                 }
 684
 685                 public static String Concat(Object obj1, Object obj2) {
 686                         if (null == obj1)
 687                                 obj1 = String.Empty;
 688
 689                         if (null == obj2)
 690                                 obj2 = String.Empty;
 691
 692                         return Concat(obj1.ToString(), obj2.ToString());
 693                 }
 694
 695                 public static String Concat(Object obj1, Object obj2, Object obj3) {
 696                         if (null == obj1)
 697                                 obj1 = String.Empty;
 698
 699                         if (null == obj2)
 700                                 obj2 = String.Empty;
 701
 702                         if (null == obj3)
 703                                 obj3 = String.Empty;
 704
 705                         return Concat(obj1.ToString(), obj2.ToString(), obj3.ToString());
 706                 }
 707
 708                 public static String Concat(String s1, String s2) {
 709                         if (null == s1) {
 710                                 if (null == s2) { return String.Empty; }
 711                                 return s2;
 712                         }
 713
 714                         if (null == s2) { return s1; }
 715
 716                         String tmp = InternalAllocateStr(s1.length + s2.length);
 717
 718                         InternalStrcpy(tmp, 0, s1);
 719                         InternalStrcpy(tmp, s1.length, s2);
 720
 721                         return tmp;
 722                 }
 723
 724                 public static String Concat(String s1, String s2, String s3) {
 725                         if (null == s1 && null == s2 && null == s3) {
 726                                 return String.Empty;
 727                         }
 728
 729                         if (null == s1) { s1 = String.Empty; }
 730                         if (null == s2) { s2 = String.Empty; }
 731                         if (null == s3) { s3 = String.Empty; }
 732
 733                         String tmp = InternalAllocateStr(s1.length + s2.length + s3.length);
 734
 735                         InternalStrcpy(tmp, 0, s1);
 736                         InternalStrcpy(tmp, s1.length, s2);
 737                         InternalStrcpy(tmp, s1.length + s2.length, s3);
 738
 739                         return tmp;
 740                 }
 741
 742                 public static String Concat(String s1, String s2, String s3, String s4) {
 743                         if (null == s1 && null == s2 && null == s3 && null == s4) {
 744                                 return String.Empty;
 745                         }
 746
 747                         if (null == s1) { s1 = String.Empty; }
 748                         if (null == s2) { s2 = String.Empty; }
 749                         if (null == s3) { s3 = String.Empty; }
 750                         if (null == s4) { s4 = String.Empty; }
 751
 752                         String tmp = InternalAllocateStr(s1.length + s2.length + s3.length + s4.length);
 753
 754                         InternalStrcpy(tmp, 0, s1);
 755                         InternalStrcpy(tmp, s1.length, s2);
 756                         InternalStrcpy(tmp, s1.length + s2.length, s3);
 757                         InternalStrcpy(tmp, s1.length + s2.length + s3.length, s4);
 758
 759                         return tmp;
 760                 }
 761
 762                 public static String Concat(params Object[] args) {
 763                         string [] strings;
 764                         int len, i, currentpos;
 765
 766                         if (null == args)
 767                                 throw new ArgumentNullException ();
 768
 769                         strings = new string [args.Length];
 770                         len = 0;
 771                         i = 0;
 772                         foreach (object arg in args) {
 773                                 /* use Empty for each null argument */
 774                                 if (arg == null)
 775                                         strings[i] = String.Empty;
 776                                 else
 777                                         strings[i] = arg.ToString ();
 778                                 len += strings[i].length;
 779                                 i++;
 780                         }
 781
 782                         if (len == 0)
 783                                 return String.Empty;
 784
 785                         currentpos = 0;
 786
 787                         String tmp = InternalAllocateStr(len);
 788                         for (i = 0; i < strings.Length; i++) {
 789                                 InternalStrcpy(tmp, currentpos, strings[i]);
 790                                 currentpos += strings[i].length;
 791                         }
 792
 793                         return tmp;
 794                 }
 795
 796                 public static String Concat(params String[] values) {
 797                         int len, i, currentpos;
 798
 799                         if (values == null)
 800                                 throw new ArgumentNullException ();
 801
 802                         len = 0;
 803                         foreach (string value in values)
 804                                 len += value != null ? value.length : 0;
 805
 806                         if (len == 0)
 807                                 return String.Empty;
 808
 809                         currentpos = 0;
 810
 811                         String tmp = InternalAllocateStr(len);
 812                         for (i = 0; i < values.Length; i++) {
 813                                 if (values[i] == null)
 814                                         continue;
 815
 816                                 InternalStrcpy(tmp, currentpos, values[i]);
 817                                 currentpos += values[i].length;
 818                         }
 819
 820                         return tmp;
 821                 }
 822
 823                 public String Insert(int sindex, String value) {
 824                         if (null == value)
 825                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 826
 827                         if (sindex < 0 || sindex > this.length)
 828                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
 829
 830                         return InternalInsert(sindex, value);
 831                 }
 832
 833
 834                 public static string Intern (string str) {
 835                         if (null == str)
 836                                 throw new ArgumentNullException ();
 837
 838                         return InternalIntern(str);
 839                 }
 840
 841                 public static string IsInterned (string str) {
 842                         if (null == str)
 843                                 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 844
 845                         return InternalIsInterned(str);
 846                 }
 847
 848                 public static string Join (string separator, string [] value) {
 849                         if (value == null)
 850                                 throw new ArgumentNullException ();
 851
 852                         return Join(separator, value, 0, value.Length);
 853                 }
 854
 855                 public static string Join(string separator, string[] value, int sindex, int count) {
 856                         if (value == null)
 857                                 throw new ArgumentNullException ();
 858
 859                         if (sindex + count > value.Length)
 860                                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
 861
 862                         if (sindex == value.Length)
 863                                 return String.Empty;
 864
 865                         return InternalJoin(separator, value, sindex, count);
 866                 }
 867
 868                 bool IConvertible.ToBoolean (IFormatProvider provider) {
 869                         return Convert.ToBoolean (this);
 870                 }
 871
 872                 byte IConvertible.ToByte (IFormatProvider provider) {
 873                         return Convert.ToByte (this);
 874                 }
 875
 876                 char IConvertible.ToChar (IFormatProvider provider) {
 877                         return Convert.ToChar (this);
 878                 }
 879
 880                 DateTime IConvertible.ToDateTime (IFormatProvider provider) {
 881                         return Convert.ToDateTime (this);
 882                 }
 883
 884                 decimal IConvertible.ToDecimal (IFormatProvider provider) {
 885                         return Convert.ToDecimal (this);
 886                 }
 887
 888                 double IConvertible.ToDouble (IFormatProvider provider) {
 889                         return Convert.ToDouble (this);
 890                 }
 891
 892                 short IConvertible.ToInt16 (IFormatProvider provider) {
 893                         return Convert.ToInt16 (this);
 894                 }
 895
 896                 int IConvertible.ToInt32 (IFormatProvider provider) {
 897                         return Convert.ToInt32 (this);
 898                 }
 899
 900                 long IConvertible.ToInt64 (IFormatProvider provider) {
 901                         return Convert.ToInt64 (this);
 902                 }
 903
 904                 [CLSCompliant(false)]
 905                 sbyte IConvertible.ToSByte (IFormatProvider provider) {
 906                         return Convert.ToSByte (this);
 907                 }
 908
 909                 float IConvertible.ToSingle (IFormatProvider provider) {
 910                         return Convert.ToSingle (this);
 911                 }
 912                 string IConvertible.ToString (IFormatProvider format) {
 913                         return this;
 914                 }
 915
 916                 object IConvertible.ToType (Type conversionType, IFormatProvider provider) {
 917                         return Convert.ToType (this, conversionType,  provider);
 918                 }
 919
 920                 [CLSCompliant(false)]
 921                 ushort IConvertible.ToUInt16 (IFormatProvider provider) {
 922                         return Convert.ToUInt16 (this);
 923                 }
 924
 925                 [CLSCompliant(false)]
 926                 uint IConvertible.ToUInt32 (IFormatProvider provider) {
 927                         return Convert.ToUInt32 (this);
 928                 }
 929
 930                 [CLSCompliant(false)]
 931                 ulong IConvertible.ToUInt64 (IFormatProvider provider) {
 932                         return Convert.ToUInt64 (this);
 933                 }
 934
 935                 TypeCode IConvertible.GetTypeCode () {
 936                         return TypeCode.String;
 937                 }
 938
 939                 public int Length {
 940                         get {
 941                                 return length;
 942                         }
 943                 }
 944
 945                 public CharEnumerator GetEnumerator () {
 946                         return new CharEnumerator (this);
 947                 }
 948
 949                 IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator () {
 950                         return new CharEnumerator (this);
 951                 }
 952
 953                 private static void ParseFormatSpecifier (string str, ref int ptr, out int n, out int width, out bool left_align, out string format) {
 954                         // parses format specifier of form:
 955                         //   N,[\ +[-]M][:F]}
 956                         //
 957                         // where:
 958
 959                         try {
 960                                 // N = argument number (non-negative integer)
 961
 962                                 n = ParseDecimal (str, ref ptr);
 963                                 if (n < 0)
 964                                         throw new FormatException ("Input string was not in correct format.");
 965
 966                                 // M = width (non-negative integer)
 967
 968                                 if (str[ptr] == ',') {
 969                                         // White space between ',' and number or sign.
 970                                         int start = ++ptr;
 971                                         while (Char.IsWhiteSpace (str [ptr]))
 972                                                 ++ptr;
 973
 974                                         format = str.Substring (start, ptr - start);
 975
 976                                         left_align = (str [ptr] == '-');
 977                                         if (left_align)
 978                                                 ++ ptr;
 979
 980                                         width = ParseDecimal (str, ref ptr);
 981                                         if (width < 0)
 982                                                 throw new FormatException ("Input string was not in correct format.");
 983                                 }
 984                                 else {
 985                                         width = 0;
 986                                         left_align = false;
 987                                         format = "";
 988                                 }
 989
 990                                 // F = argument format (string)
 991
 992                                 if (str[ptr] == ':') {
 993                                         int start = ++ ptr;
 994                                         while (str[ptr] != '}')
 995                                                 ++ ptr;
 996
 997                                         format += str.Substring (start, ptr - start);
 998                                 }
 999                                 else
1000                                         format = null;
1001
1002                                 if (str[ptr ++] != '}')
1003                                         throw new FormatException ("Input string was not in correct format.");
1004                         }
1005                         catch (IndexOutOfRangeException) {
1006                                 throw new FormatException ("Input string was not in correct format.");
1007                         }
1008                 }
1009
1010                 private static int ParseDecimal (string str, ref int ptr) {
1011                         int p = ptr;
1012                         int n = 0;
1013                         while (true) {
1014                                 char c = str[p];
1015                                 if (c < '0' || '9' < c)
1016                                         break;
1017
1018                                 n = n * 10 + c - '0';
1019                                 ++ p;
1020                         }
1021
1022                         if (p == ptr)
1023                                 return -1;
1024
1025                         ptr = p;
1026                         return n;
1027                 }
1028
1029                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1030                 private extern static string InternalJoin(string separator, string[] value, int sindex, int count);
1031
1032                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1033                 private extern String InternalInsert(int sindex, String value);
1034
1035                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1036                 private extern String InternalReplace(char oldChar, char newChar);
1037
1038                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1039                 private extern String InternalReplace(String oldValue, String newValue);
1040
1041                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1042                 private extern String InternalRemove(int sindex, int count);
1043
1044                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1045                 private extern void InternalCopyTo(int sindex, char[] dest, int dindex, int count);
1046
1047                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1048                 private extern String[] InternalSplit(char[] separator, int count);
1049
1050                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1051                 private extern String InternalTrim(char[] chars, int typ);
1052
1053                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1054                 private extern int InternalIndexOf(char value, int sindex, int count);
1055
1056                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1057                 private extern int InternalIndexOf(string value, int sindex, int count);
1058
1059                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1060                 private extern int InternalIndexOfAny(char [] arr, int sindex, int count);
1061
1062                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1063                 private extern int InternalLastIndexOf(char value, int sindex, int count);
1064
1065                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1066                 private extern int InternalLastIndexOf(String value, int sindex, int count);
1067
1068                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1069                 private extern int InternalLastIndexOfAny(char [] anyOf, int sindex, int count);
1070
1071                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1072                 private extern String InternalPad(int width, char chr, bool right);
1073
1074                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1075                 private extern String InternalToLower();
1076
1077                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1078                 private extern String InternalToUpper();
1079
1080                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1081                 private extern static String InternalAllocateStr(int length);
1082
1083                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1084                 private extern static void InternalStrcpy(String dest, int destPos, String src);
1085
1086                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1087                 private extern static void InternalStrcpy(String dest, int destPos, String src, int startPos, int count);
1088
1089                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1090                 private extern static string InternalIntern(string str);
1091
1092                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1093                 private extern static string InternalIsInterned(string str);
1094
1095                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1096                 private extern static int InternalCompare(String s1, int i1, String s2, int i2, int length, bool inCase);
1097
1098                 [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
1099                 private extern static bool InternalEquals(String s1, String s2);
1100         }
1101 }