3 In the .NET framework cryptography can be found under a number of
4 namespaces in several assemblies.
8 *** Namespace: <b>System.Security.Cryptography</b>
10 Thanks to the work of many people this namespace is almost complete.
14 * All classes are present.
16 * Most classes have their unit tests. Some tests like <code>
17 SymmetricAlgorithmTest</code> are generated by external
23 * Keypair persistance for RSA and DSA. This persistance must
24 somehow be linked with X509 certificate stores (in planning).
26 * <code>PasswordDeriveBytes.CryptDeriveKey</code> is included
27 in MS BCL to provide compatibility with existing Windows
28 applications. The main problem is that the key derivation
29 algorithm can be different for every CSP (Crypto Service
30 Provider). However for compatibility we should provide an
31 implementation compatible with the MS CSP (most likely used).
36 * All cryptographic algorithms are entirely managed, including
37 classes named <code>*CryptoServiceProvider</code>, with the
38 exception of <code>RNGCryptoServiceProvider</code> for which
39 parts of the implementation resides in the runtime.
41 * There is a bug in the <code>PKCS1MaskGenerationMethod</code>
42 class (in both framework 1.0 and 1.1). This means our
43 implementation isn't compatible with MS (but is compatible with
44 PKCS#1 v.2.1). However we get OAEP padding for every platform!
46 * Look at assembly Mono.Security.Win32 if you require more
47 compatiblity with the Microsoft implementation (like accessing
48 a particuliar keypair container inside a specific CSP).
52 *** Namespace: <b>System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates</b>
56 * X.509 certificates are parsed using 100% managed code
57 (using the Mono.Security.ASN1 class).
59 * Software Publisher Certificates (SPC) used by Authenticode
60 (tm) to sign assemblies are supported and <b>minimally</b>
63 * Unit tests are generated from a set of existing certificates
64 (about a dozen) each having different properties. Another
65 set of certificates (more than 700) are used for a more
66 complete test (but isn't part of the standard test suite for
67 size and time consideration, i.e. a 7.5Mb C# source file).
72 * Except for their structure <b>there are no validation of the
73 certificates</b> done by this class (this is by design and
74 isn't a restriction of Mono!). This means that certificate
75 signatures and validity dates are <b>never</b> checked
76 (except when used for Authenticode, i.e.
77 <code>CreateFromSignedFile</code>).
79 * The newer X509Certificate class included in Microsoft's Web
80 Service Enhancement (WSE) is a little better (as it includes
81 CryptoAPI's validation) when <code>IsCurrent</code> is called.
82 See assembly <b>Microsoft.Web.Services</b> for more details.
84 * The class Mono.Security.X509.X509Certificate (in Mono.Security
85 assembly) is becoming a much better alternative - and will
86 continue to evolve to support the security tools.
88 * Microsoft implementation of <code>X509Certificate</code> is
89 done by using CryptoAPI (unmanaged code). Based on the
90 exceptions thrown, Authenticode(tm) support is done via COM.
94 ** Assembly: System.Security
96 *** Namespace: <b>System.Security.Cryptography.Xml</b>
98 This namespace implements the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmldsig-core/">
99 XML Digital Signature</a> specification from
100 <a href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a>.
104 * All classes are present but some Transforms are only stubbed.
106 * We now have a fully managed C14N implementation.
108 * Most classes have their unit tests.
113 * Complete all Transform derived classes.
117 ** Assembly: Mono.Security
120 This assembly provides the missing pieces to .NET security. On Windows
121 CryptoAPI is often used to provide much needed functionalities (like
122 some cryptographic algorithms, code signing, X.509 certificates). Mono,
123 for platform independance, implements these functionalities in 100%
126 *** Namespace: Mono.Security
128 * Structures (ASN1, PKCS7) and primitives (PKCS1).
130 *** Namespace: Mono.Security.Authenticode
132 * Code signing and verification.
133 * Support for SPC (Software Publisher Certificate) files and
134 PVK (Private Key) files.
136 *** Namespace: Mono.Security.Cryptography
138 * Additional algorithms: MD2, MD4, ARCFOUR (required for SSL)
141 *** Namespace: Mono.Security.Protocol.*
143 * Tls: An 100% managed TLS implementation from Carlos Guzman
145 * Ntlm: NTLM authentication (used for HTTP and SQL Server).
147 *** Namespace: Mono.Security.X509
149 * X.509 structures (certificate, CRL...) building and decoding.
152 *** Namespace: Mono.Security.X509.Extensions
154 * X.509 extensions (from public X.509 to private PKIX, Netsapce,
155 Microsoft, Entrust...).
160 * A big part of this assembly is also included inside Mono's
161 corlib. The classes are duplicated in this assembly so the
162 functionalities can be used without a dependency on Mono's
163 corlib (which depends on Mono's runtime).
165 * Unit test coverage isn't (yet) complete.
169 ** Assembly: Mono.Security.Win32
172 This assembly goal is to provide maximum compatibility with CryptoAPI
173 to application running with Mono's runtime on the Windows operating
176 <b>This assembly should NEVER be used directly by any application</b>
177 (e.g. referecing the assembly from a project).
178 The classes should only be used by modifying the <code>machine.config
179 </code> configuration file (and then only if this increased
180 compatibility is required by an application).
182 See the file <code><a href="http://cvs.hispalinux.es/cgi-bin/cvsweb/~checkout~/mcs/class/Mono.Security.Win32/README?rev=1.1&content-type=text/plain&cvsroot=mono">/mcs/class/Mono.Security.Win32/README</a></code>
183 for complete instructions.
185 *** Namespace: Mono.Security.Cryptography
189 * A RNGCryptoServiceProvider built on top of CryptoAPI. This
190 allows Windows users to get around the limitation of the
191 runtime RNG (which requires <code>/dev/[u]random/</code>).
193 * Wrapper classes for unmanaged versions of hash algorithms:
194 MD2, MD4, MD5 and SHA1 are supported. <b>note</b>: some
195 algorithms shouldn't be used in new design (MD4 is broken,
196 MD2 and MD5 aren't considered safe for some usage). They are
197 included to preserve interoperability with older applications
198 (e.g. some old, but still valid, X.509 certificates use MD2,
199 MD4 is required for NTLM authentication ...).
204 * Wrapper classes for unmanaged versions of symmetric
205 encryption algorithms (like DES, TripleDES, RC2 and others
206 present in default CSP).
208 * Wrapper classes for unmanaged versions of asymmetric
209 algorithms (like DSA and RSA) which persist their keypair
210 into the specified CSP.
215 * Similar assemblies (e.g. <code>Mono.Security.XXX</code>)
216 could be created for <a href="http://www.openssl.org">OpenSSL</a>,
217 <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/">NSS</a>,
218 <a href="http://www.eskimo.com/~weidai/cryptlib.html">crypto++</a>,
219 <a href="http://www.cryptlib.orion.co.nz/">cryptlib</a> ... for
220 improved performance and/or HSM (Hardware Security Module) support
221 under Linux and/or Windows.
224 ** Assembly: Microsoft.Web.Services
226 Microsoft Web Service Enhancement (WSE), known as Web Service
227 Development Kit (WSDK) in it's beta days, is an add-on the .NET
228 framework that implements WS-Security (and other WS-* specifications).
229 It also includes improved support for XML Signature (replacing and/or
230 extending <code>System.Security.Cryptography.Xml</code>) and X.509
231 certificates classes.
233 Note: WSE is distributed as an add-on because some specifications,
234 like WS-Security, aren't yet completed by
235 <a href="http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/wss/">OASIS</a> or
238 *** Namespace: Microsoft.Web.Services.Security
242 * Most WSE 1.0 classes are implemented.
247 * Some classes from System.Security assembly need to be
248 duplicated (and somewhat fixed) in WSE for XMLDSIG.
250 * There are still missing classes and <b>many</b> missing
255 *** Namespace: Microsoft.Web.Services.Timestamp
259 * This seems complete for WSE 1.0 but some new classes were
260 introduced in WSE 2.0.
263 *** Namespace: Microsoft.Web.Services.Security.X509
267 * X509Certificate support is complete for both WSE 1.0 and 2.0.
272 * We need to define certificate stores (for both users and
273 machines). These sames stores must be linked with asymmetric
274 keypairs. This could also be used to store the SPC roots.
279 * Microsoft has <a href="http://microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=21FB9B9A-C5F6-4C95-87B7-FC7AB49B3EDD&displaylang=en">released</a>
280 a technical preview of WSE 2. <b>Note that WSDK (the technical
281 preview of WSE) had A LOT of changes before it's initial
288 There are many tools in the .NET framework that indirectly interacts
289 with some cryptographic classes. Mono will eventually need these tools.
290 Unless noted the tools should work on any CLR (tested with both Mono
295 The following tools are complete (or mostly complete):
297 * <code>secutil</code> is a tool to extract certificates and
298 strongnames from assemblies in a format that can be easily
299 re-used in source code (C# or VB.NET syntax).
301 * <code>cert2spc</code> is a tool to transform multiple X.509
302 certificates and CRLs into a Software Publisher Certificate
303 (SPC) file - which is a long name for a simple PKCS#7 file.
305 * <code>makecert</code> to create X.509 test certificates that
306 can be used (once transformed in SPC) to sign assemblies. It's
307 now possible to generate SSL certificates for web servers.
309 * <code>sn</code> is a clone of the <code>sn</code> to manage
310 strongnames. Current version can create, convert, sign and
311 verify strongnames signatures. Some configuration options
314 * <code>signcode</code> and <code>chktrust</code> for signing
315 and validating Authenticode(tm) signatures on assemblies (or
316 any PE file) are now working (signature and timestamps) but
317 some options aren't yet supported.
320 Somewhat usable, somewhat incomplete:
322 * <code>certview</code> is a certificate viewer for
323 <code>System.Windows.Forms</code> (right now only working on
324 Windows), while <code>gcertview</code> is the same viewer
325 implemented for GTK# (working on both Windows and Linux).
327 * <code>monosn</code> is a clone of the <code>sn</code> to manage
328 strongnames. This tools is part of the runtime (not the class
329 library) and as such is written in C and won't run without Mono.
334 The following tools are still missing or largely incomplete:
336 * Other tools like a, GUI-based, certificate manager...
339 Note that many of the tools requires the class library and/or the
340 runtime to be ready for them. E.g. StrongName and Authenticode signatures
341 tools are of limited use until supported by the runtime.
347 * RSA Laboratories' <a href="http://www.rsasecurity.com/rsalabs/faq/index.html">
348 Frequently Asked Questions</a> About Today's Cryptography, Version 4.1
350 * Public-Key Cryptography Standards (<a href="http://www.rsasecurity.com/rsalabs/pkcs/index.html">
353 * National Institute of Standards and Technology - Federal
354 Information Processing Standards <a href="http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/index.html">
362 * Complete any of the TODO (and feel good about it ;-).
364 * Analyse the current coverage of the unit tests on the
365 cryptographic classes and complete the unit tests. <b><code>
366 monocov</code> does a great job at this! Now we just need to
367 complete the missing unit tests.</b>
369 * Optimization can also be done on most algorithms as crypto
370 is never fast enough. Some have been done using the
371 Community Edition of BoundChecker (a free VisualStudio
372 addon) - recommanded! Just be sure to test every optimization
373 (using the unit tests) carefully - it's so fast to break an
376 * Write some documentation on the cryptographic classes for
380 Last reviewed: February 2, 2004 (mono 0.30)